This article is about the fish sometimes used as a substitute for carp in recipes. For the freshwater fish used for treating skin diseases, see Doctor fish.
The tench was formerly classified in the subfamily Leuciscinae with other Eurasian minnows, but more recent phylogenetic studies have supported it belonging to its own family Tincidae.[7][8]
Ecologyedit
The tench is most often found in still waters with a clay or muddysubstrate and abundant vegetation.[9] This species is rare in clear waters across stony substrate, and is absent altogether from fast-flowing streams. It tolerates water with a low oxygen concentration,[3] being found in waters where even the carp cannot survive.[9]
On Exhibition "Subaqueous Vltava", Prague
Tench feed mostly at night with a preference for animals, such as chironomids, on the bottom of eutrophic waters[10] and snails and pea clams in well-vegetated waters.[9][11]
Breeding takes place in shallow water usually among aquatic plants where the sticky green eggs can be deposited.[3] Spawning usually occurs in summer,[5] and as many as 300,000 eggs may be produced.[12] Growth is rapid, and fish may reach a weight of 0.11 kg (0.25 lb) within the first year.
Morphologyedit
Tench have a stocky, carp-like shape and olive-green skin, darker above and almost golden below. The tail fin is square in shape. The other fins are distinctly rounded in shape.[9] The mouth is rather narrow and provided at each corner with a very small barbel.[13]
Maximum size is 70 cm (28 in), though most specimens are much smaller.[14] A record fish caught in 2001 in England had a weight of 15 lb 3.4 oz (6.899 kg).[15] The eyes are small and red-orange in colour.[3] Females can reach weights of around 7 kg (15 lb), although 4 kg (8.8 lb) is considered large. Males rarely reach over 3 kg (6.5 lb).[3] Sexual dimorphism is strong, males can be recognised by having larger, more curved pelvic fins extending beyond the anus[16] and noticeable muscles around the base of these fins generally absent in females. Males also possess a very thick and flattened outer ray to the ventral fins.[13] Adult females may have a more convex ventral profile when compared with males.[14] .
The tench has very small scales, which are deeply embedded in a thick skin, making it as slippery as an eel.[13]Folklore has it that this slime cured any sick fish that rubbed against it, and from this belief arose the name doctor fish.[12]
Fossil Tinca
Golden tenchedit
An artificially bred variety of tench called the golden tench is a popular ornamental fish for ponds. This form varies in colour from pale gold through to dark red, and some fish have black or red spots on the flanks and fins. Though somewhat similar to the goldfish, because these fish have such small scales, their quality is rather different.[12]
Economic significanceedit
Tench are edible, working well in recipes that would otherwise call for carp, but are rarely eaten these days.[9] They are shoaling fish that are popular quarries for coarse angling in rivers, lakes and canals.[3] Tench, particularly golden tench, are also kept as ornamental fish in ponds as they are bottom feeders that help to keep the waterways clean and healthy.[17]
Anglingedit
Large tench may be found in gravel pits or deep, slow-moving waters with a clayey or silty bottom and copious aquatic vegetation. The best methods and bait to catch tench are float fishing and ledgering with a swim feeder using maggots, sweetcorn, pellets, bread, and worms. Fish over 1 kg (2 lb) in weight are very strong fighters when caught on a rod.[18]
Referencesedit
^Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008). "Tinca tinca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T21912A9339248. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T21912A9339248.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Perrow, M. R. (1996). "Factors affecting the habitat selection of tench in a shallow eutrophic lake". Journal of Fish Biology. 48 (5): 859–870. Bibcode:1996JFBio..48..859P. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01481.x.
^Bronmark, C. (1994). "Effects of Tench and Perch on Interactions in a Freshwater, Benthic Food Chain". Ecology. 75 (6): 1818–1828. Bibcode:1994Ecol...75.1818B. doi:10.2307/1939640. JSTOR 1939640.
^ abcA. Lawrence Wells (date unknown). Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes, pp 101-105. Frederick Warne & Co.
^ abcOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tench". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 61.
^ abG. Sterba (1962). Freshwater Fishes of the World pp 249-250. Vista Books, London.
^"Coarse Fish Records as at July 2021" (PDF). British Record Fish Committee. Angling Trust. 19 July 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
^Ignacio Fernández; Francisco Javier Toledo-Solís; Cristina Tomás-Almenar; Ana M. Larrán; Pedro Cárdaba; Luis Miguel Laguna; María Sanz Galán; and and José Antonio Mateo (Mar 2021). "Skeletal Development and Deformities in Tench (Tinca tinca): From Basic knowledge to Regular Monitoring Procedure". Animals. Basel. 11 (3): 621. doi:10.3390/ani11030621. PMC7996733. PMID 33652872.
^A. Lawrence Wells (date unknown). Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes, pp 101-103. Frederick Warne & Co.
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February 16, 2024
tench, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, about, fish, sometimes, used, substitute, carp, recipes, freshwater, fish, used, treating, skin, diseases, doctor, fish, tench, doctor, fish, tinca, tinca, fresh, brackish, water, fish, order, cypriniformes, f. For other uses see Tench disambiguation This article is about the fish sometimes used as a substitute for carp in recipes For the freshwater fish used for treating skin diseases see Doctor fish The tench or doctor fish Tinca tinca is a fresh and brackish water fish of the order Cypriniformes found throughout Eurasia from Western Europe including the British Isles east into Asia as far as the Ob and Yenisei Rivers 3 It is also found in Lake Baikal 4 It normally inhabits slow moving freshwater habitats particularly lakes and lowland rivers 5 6 TenchConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CypriniformesSuborder CyprinoideiFamily TincidaeJordan 1878Genus TincaGarsault 1764 2 Species T tincaBinomial nameTinca tinca Linnaeus 1758 SynonymsTinca aurea Gmelin 1788 Cyprinus tinca Linnaeus 1758 Cyprinus tincaauratus Bloch 1782 Cyprinus zeelt Lacepede 1803 Cyprinus tincaurea Shaw 1804 Tinca vulgaris Fleming 1828 Tinca chrysitis Fitzinger 1832 Tinca italica Bonaparte 1836 Tinca communis Swainson 1839 Tinca limosa Koch 1840 Tinca linnei Malm 1877 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Ecology 3 Morphology 4 Golden tench 5 Economic significance 6 Angling 7 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe tench was formerly classified in the subfamily Leuciscinae with other Eurasian minnows but more recent phylogenetic studies have supported it belonging to its own family Tincidae 7 8 Ecology editThe tench is most often found in still waters with a clay or muddy substrate and abundant vegetation 9 This species is rare in clear waters across stony substrate and is absent altogether from fast flowing streams It tolerates water with a low oxygen concentration 3 being found in waters where even the carp cannot survive 9 nbsp On Exhibition Subaqueous Vltava PragueTench feed mostly at night with a preference for animals such as chironomids on the bottom of eutrophic waters 10 and snails and pea clams in well vegetated waters 9 11 Breeding takes place in shallow water usually among aquatic plants where the sticky green eggs can be deposited 3 Spawning usually occurs in summer 5 and as many as 300 000 eggs may be produced 12 Growth is rapid and fish may reach a weight of 0 11 kg 0 25 lb within the first year Morphology editTench have a stocky carp like shape and olive green skin darker above and almost golden below The tail fin is square in shape The other fins are distinctly rounded in shape 9 The mouth is rather narrow and provided at each corner with a very small barbel 13 Maximum size is 70 cm 28 in though most specimens are much smaller 14 A record fish caught in 2001 in England had a weight of 15 lb 3 4 oz 6 899 kg 15 The eyes are small and red orange in colour 3 Females can reach weights of around 7 kg 15 lb although 4 kg 8 8 lb is considered large Males rarely reach over 3 kg 6 5 lb 3 Sexual dimorphism is strong males can be recognised by having larger more curved pelvic fins extending beyond the anus 16 and noticeable muscles around the base of these fins generally absent in females Males also possess a very thick and flattened outer ray to the ventral fins 13 Adult females may have a more convex ventral profile when compared with males 14 The tench has very small scales which are deeply embedded in a thick skin making it as slippery as an eel 13 Folklore has it that this slime cured any sick fish that rubbed against it and from this belief arose the name doctor fish 12 nbsp Fossil TincaGolden tench editAn artificially bred variety of tench called the golden tench is a popular ornamental fish for ponds This form varies in colour from pale gold through to dark red and some fish have black or red spots on the flanks and fins Though somewhat similar to the goldfish because these fish have such small scales their quality is rather different 12 Economic significance editTench are edible working well in recipes that would otherwise call for carp but are rarely eaten these days 9 They are shoaling fish that are popular quarries for coarse angling in rivers lakes and canals 3 Tench particularly golden tench are also kept as ornamental fish in ponds as they are bottom feeders that help to keep the waterways clean and healthy 17 Angling editLarge tench may be found in gravel pits or deep slow moving waters with a clayey or silty bottom and copious aquatic vegetation The best methods and bait to catch tench are float fishing and ledgering with a swim feeder using maggots sweetcorn pellets bread and worms Fish over 1 kg 2 lb in weight are very strong fighters when caught on a rod 18 References edit Freyhof J amp Kottelat M 2008 Tinca tinca IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008 e T21912A9339248 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2008 RLTS T21912A9339248 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Tinca Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 27 November 2020 a b c d e f Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2007 Tinca tinca in FishBase May 2007 version Maxim Anikin ed 2020 Baikal lake fish fish species of lake Baikal Royal Safari a b B Whitton 1982 Rivers Lakes and Marshes p 163 Hodder amp Staughton London Tench BadAngling Retrieved 2018 07 06 Schonhuth Susana Vukic Jasna Sanda Radek Yang Lei Mayden Richard L 2018 10 01 Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae Cypriniformes Cyprinoidei Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127 781 799 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2018 06 026 ISSN 1055 7903 PMID 29913311 S2CID 49292104 Family TINCIDAE Jordan 1878 Tench The ETYFish Project 31 May 2023 Retrieved 23 January 2024 a b c d e A F Magri MacMahon 1946 Fishlore pp 156 158 Pelican Books Perrow M R 1996 Factors affecting the habitat selection of tench in a shallow eutrophic lake Journal of Fish Biology 48 5 859 870 Bibcode 1996JFBio 48 859P doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1996 tb01481 x Bronmark C 1994 Effects of Tench and Perch on Interactions in a Freshwater Benthic Food Chain Ecology 75 6 1818 1828 Bibcode 1994Ecol 75 1818B doi 10 2307 1939640 JSTOR 1939640 a b c A Lawrence Wells date unknown Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes pp 101 105 Frederick Warne amp Co a b c nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Tench Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 26 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 61 a b G Sterba 1962 Freshwater Fishes of the World pp 249 250 Vista Books London Coarse Fish Records as at July 2021 PDF British Record Fish Committee Angling Trust 19 July 2021 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Ignacio Fernandez Francisco Javier Toledo Solis Cristina Tomas Almenar Ana M Larran Pedro Cardaba Luis Miguel Laguna Maria Sanz Galan and and Jose Antonio Mateo Mar 2021 Skeletal Development and Deformities in Tench Tinca tinca From Basic knowledge to Regular Monitoring Procedure Animals Basel 11 3 621 doi 10 3390 ani11030621 PMC 7996733 PMID 33652872 Dick Mills 2000 Understanding Coldwater Fish p 106 Interpet Publishing ISBN 1 903098 10 6 A Lawrence Wells date unknown Observer Book of Freshwater Fishes pp 101 103 Frederick Warne amp Co nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tinca tinca Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tench amp oldid 1198107407, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
