Commercially, the most important plaice is the European. The principal commercial flatfish in Europe, it is also widely fished recreationally, has potential as an aquaculture species, and is kept as an aquarium fish. Also commercially important is the American plaice.
The term plaice (plural plaice) comes from the 14th-century Anglo-French plais. This in turn comes from the late Latinplatessa, meaning flatfish, which originated from the Ancient Greekplatys, meaning broad.[1]
The European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) is a right-eyed flounder belonging to the family Pleuronectidae. It is a commercially important flatfish that lives on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf. It ranges geographically from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean. European plaice are characterised by their smooth brown skin, with distinctive red spots and a bony ridge behind the eyes. They feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and bivalves and can be found at depths of up to 200 metres. At night they move into shallow waters to feed and during the day they bury themselves in the sand. Their maximum recorded length is 100 cm (39.4 inches) and maximum reported age 50 years.[3]
Like the European plaice, the American plaice is a right eyed flatfish belonging to the family Pleuronectidae. American plaice are an Atlantic species,[9] which range from southern Labrador to Rhode Island. They are also found in Europe, where they are called rough dab or long rough dab. They spawn in the Gulf of Maine, with peak activity in April and May. They are brown or reddish, and are generally smaller than European plaice, with a rougher skin and larger scales. Their maximum recorded length is 82.6 cm (32.5 inches), and maximum reported age 30 years. They are usually found between depths of 90 metres and 250 metres, on sandy bottoms with temperatures between -0.5 and 2.5 °C. They feed on small fishes and invertebrates.[10][11]
The species is considered by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization to be overfished, with no signs of recovery.[12] Though they are also currently endangered in Canada due to overfishing,[13] the Canadian government believes the species is abundant. Plaice is the second-most caught flatfish in Canada, accounting for 50 percent of all flatfish caught.[14]
American plaice may be an intermediate host for the nematode parasite Otostrongylus circumlitis, which is a lungworm of seals, primarily affecting animals less than 1 year of age.[13]
Comparison of world catch by weight 2004 for American plaice, using FAO catch data[15]
Alaska plaice
Alaska plaice can live for up to 30 years and grow to 60 centimetres (24 inches) long, but most that get caught are only seven or eight years old, and about 30 cm (12 in).[16]
Most commercial fisheries do not target Alaska plaice, but many are caught as bycatch by commercial trawlers trying to catch other bottom fish. Thus, many Alaska plaice get caught anyway - so much so that, for example, the 2005 total allowable catch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI) was reached before the end of May of that year.[citation needed]
Plaice, along with the other major demersal fish in the North Sea such as cod, monkfish and sole, is listed by the ICES as "outside safe biological limits." Moreover, they are growing less quickly now and are rarely older than six years, whereas they can reach forty.[18] The World Wide Fund for Nature says that in 2006 "of the eight plaice stocks recognised by ICES, only one is considered to be harvested sustainably while three are overexploited. Data is insufficient to assess the remaining stocks; however, landings for all stocks are at or near historical lows."[19]
Plaice in cuisine and culture
In North German and Danish cuisine plaice is one of the most commonly eaten fish. Filleted, battered, and pan-fried plaice is popular hot or cold as an open sandwich topping together with remoulade sauce and lemon slices. Battered plaice can also be served hot with french fries and remoulade sauce as a main dish; this fish and chips variant is commonly available as a children's special in Danish restaurants. Breaded frozen plaice, ready to be baked or fried at home, are readily available in supermarkets. Fresh plaice is also oven-baked.
"The flesh of plaice is white, tender and subtle-flavoured."[5] Plaice is sometimes used as the fish in fish and chips, in countries where the dish is popular.[20]
A smoke cooked plaice is one of the traditional summer time delicacies of Hiiumaa island.
Notes
^"Plaice". Webster's New World College Dictionary. Wiley Publishing. 2009.
^FAO: Species Fact Sheets: Pleuronectes platessa, Retrieved 23 November 2009.
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Pleuronectes platessa" in FishBase. November 2009 version.
^C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Celtic Sea. eds. P.Saundry & C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.
^FAO Nominal Catches of Pleuronectes platessaFishBase, Retrieved 23 November 2009
^FAO: Species Fact Sheets: Hippoglossoides platessoides, Retrieved 23 November 2009.
^. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2007-01-18. Dery, L.M. "American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides." Fishery Biology Program, Woods Hole Massachusetts Laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC).retrieved January 18, 2007
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Hippoglossoides platessoides" in FishBase. November 2009 version.
^. Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2007-01-19. Fishery Recent Assessment (2005 and 2006). Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization. retrieved January 18, 2007
^ abBergeron et al. 1997. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75: 1364-1371.
^. Archived from the original on 2007-02-04. Retrieved 2007-01-19. "American plaice." Underwater World. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. retrieved January 18, 2007
^FAO Nominal Catches of Hippoglossoides platessoidesFishBase, Retrieved 23 November 2009
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus" in FishBase. November 2009 version.
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi" in FishBase. November 2009 version.
^Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN0-09-189780-7
^Seafish. On Plate. Fish & chips 2008-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
References
Rijnsdorp, A.D. (1991) Changes in fecundity of female North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) between three periods since 1900. ICES Journal of Marine Science; 48: 253-280
Wimpenny, R.S. (1953) The plaice being the buckland lectures. Publisher Edward Arnold
Gibson, R.N. (2004) Flatfishes: Biology and Exploitation. Blackwell Publishing
Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN0-09-189780-7
plaice, other, uses, disambiguation, common, name, group, flatfish, that, comprises, four, species, european, american, alaskan, scale, plaice, european, plaice, american, plaice, commercially, most, important, plaice, european, principal, commercial, flatfish. For other uses see Plaice disambiguation Plaice is a common name for a group of flatfish that comprises four species the European American Alaskan and scale eye plaice European plaice American plaice Commercially the most important plaice is the European The principal commercial flatfish in Europe it is also widely fished recreationally has potential as an aquaculture species and is kept as an aquarium fish Also commercially important is the American plaice The term plaice plural plaice comes from the 14th century Anglo French plais This in turn comes from the late Latin platessa meaning flatfish which originated from the Ancient Greek platys meaning broad 1 Contents 1 Plaice species 1 1 European plaice 1 2 American plaice 1 3 Alaska plaice 1 4 Scale eye plaice 2 Current conservation and management status 3 Plaice in cuisine and culture 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksPlaice species EditEuropean plaice Edit World catch of European plaice in thousands of tonnes based on FAO catch data 2 External image Distribution map for European plaice The Sea Around Us The European plaice Pleuronectes platessa is a right eyed flounder belonging to the family Pleuronectidae It is a commercially important flatfish that lives on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf It ranges geographically from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean European plaice are characterised by their smooth brown skin with distinctive red spots and a bony ridge behind the eyes They feed on polychaetes crustaceans and bivalves and can be found at depths of up to 200 metres At night they move into shallow waters to feed and during the day they bury themselves in the sand Their maximum recorded length is 100 cm 39 4 inches and maximum reported age 50 years 3 Together with sole European plaice form a group of flatfish that are the most important flatfish in Europe 4 European plaice have been fished from the North Sea for hundreds of years They are usually fished from beam trawlers otter trawlers or seiners 5 In the Celtic Sea the plaice species is considered overfished 6 Comparison of world catch by weight 2007 for European plaice using FAO catch data 7 American plaice Edit World catch of American plaice in thousands of tonnes based on FAO catch data 8 External image Distribution map for American plaice The Sea Around Us Like the European plaice the American plaice is a right eyed flatfish belonging to the family Pleuronectidae American plaice are an Atlantic species 9 which range from southern Labrador to Rhode Island They are also found in Europe where they are called rough dab or long rough dab They spawn in the Gulf of Maine with peak activity in April and May They are brown or reddish and are generally smaller than European plaice with a rougher skin and larger scales Their maximum recorded length is 82 6 cm 32 5 inches and maximum reported age 30 years They are usually found between depths of 90 metres and 250 metres on sandy bottoms with temperatures between 0 5 and 2 5 C They feed on small fishes and invertebrates 10 11 The species is considered by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization to be overfished with no signs of recovery 12 Though they are also currently endangered in Canada due to overfishing 13 the Canadian government believes the species is abundant Plaice is the second most caught flatfish in Canada accounting for 50 percent of all flatfish caught 14 American plaice may be an intermediate host for the nematode parasite Otostrongylus circumlitis which is a lungworm of seals primarily affecting animals less than 1 year of age 13 Comparison of world catch by weight 2004 for American plaice using FAO catch data 15 Alaska plaice Edit Alaska plaice can live for up to 30 years and grow to 60 centimetres 24 inches long but most that get caught are only seven or eight years old and about 30 cm 12 in 16 Most commercial fisheries do not target Alaska plaice but many are caught as bycatch by commercial trawlers trying to catch other bottom fish Thus many Alaska plaice get caught anyway so much so that for example the 2005 total allowable catch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area BSAI was reached before the end of May of that year citation needed Scale eye plaice Edit The scale eye plaice is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae It is a demersal fish that lives at depths from between 18 metres 59 ft to 900 metres 3 000 ft It can reach 46 centimetres 18 in in length and can weigh up to 1 2 kilograms 2 6 lb Its native habitat is the northern Pacific primarily from the Sea of Okhotsk to Japan and Korea though it is also found in the Bering Sea 17 Current conservation and management status EditPlaice along with the other major demersal fish in the North Sea such as cod monkfish and sole is listed by the ICES as outside safe biological limits Moreover they are growing less quickly now and are rarely older than six years whereas they can reach forty 18 The World Wide Fund for Nature says that in 2006 of the eight plaice stocks recognised by ICES only one is considered to be harvested sustainably while three are overexploited Data is insufficient to assess the remaining stocks however landings for all stocks are at or near historical lows 19 Plaice in cuisine and culture EditIn North German and Danish cuisine plaice is one of the most commonly eaten fish Filleted battered and pan fried plaice is popular hot or cold as an open sandwich topping together with remoulade sauce and lemon slices Battered plaice can also be served hot with french fries and remoulade sauce as a main dish this fish and chips variant is commonly available as a children s special in Danish restaurants Breaded frozen plaice ready to be baked or fried at home are readily available in supermarkets Fresh plaice is also oven baked The flesh of plaice is white tender and subtle flavoured 5 Plaice is sometimes used as the fish in fish and chips in countries where the dish is popular 20 A smoke cooked plaice is one of the traditional summer time delicacies of Hiiumaa island Notes Edit Plaice Webster s New World College Dictionary Wiley Publishing 2009 FAO Species Fact Sheets Pleuronectes platessa Retrieved 23 November 2009 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2009 Pleuronectes platessa in FishBase November 2009 version European plaice and sole permanent dead link World Wide Fund for Nature Retrieved 22 November 2009 a b Plaice Marine Stewardship Council Retrieved 22 November 2009 C Michael Hogan 2011 Celtic Sea eds P Saundry amp C Cleveland Encyclopedia of Earth National Council for Science and the Environment Washington DC FAO Nominal Catches of Pleuronectes platessa FishBase Retrieved 23 November 2009 FAO Species Fact Sheets Hippoglossoides platessoides Retrieved 23 November 2009 Plaice Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge volume 15 copyright 1991 Grolier Inc ISBN 0 7172 5300 7 Species Information American plaice Archived from the original on 2007 03 11 Retrieved 2007 01 18 Dery L M American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides Fishery Biology Program Woods Hole Massachusetts Laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center NEFSC retrieved January 18 2007 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2009 Hippoglossoides platessoides in FishBase November 2009 version NAFO Fishery Archived from the original on 2007 06 07 Retrieved 2007 01 19 Fishery Recent Assessment 2005 and 2006 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization retrieved January 18 2007 a b Bergeron et al 1997 Canadian Journal of Zoology 75 1364 1371 Underwater World American Plaice Archived from the original on 2007 02 04 Retrieved 2007 01 19 American plaice Underwater World Fisheries and Oceans Canada retrieved January 18 2007 FAO Nominal Catches of Hippoglossoides platessoides FishBase Retrieved 23 November 2009 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2009 Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus in FishBase November 2009 version Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2009 Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi in FishBase November 2009 version Clover Charles 2004 The End of the Line How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat Ebury Press London ISBN 0 09 189780 7 European plaice and sole Seafish On Plate Fish amp chips Archived 2008 10 11 at the Wayback MachineReferences EditRijnsdorp A D 1991 Changes in fecundity of female North Sea plaice Pleuronectes platessa between three periods since 1900 ICES Journal of Marine Science 48 253 280 Wimpenny R S 1953 The plaice being the buckland lectures Publisher Edward Arnold Gibson R N 2004 Flatfishes Biology and Exploitation Blackwell Publishing Clover Charles 2004 The End of the Line How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat Ebury Press London ISBN 0 09 189780 7 1998 Marine Fisheries Review article Bulletin announcing reaching the total allowable catch of Alaska plaice for 2005 National Marine Fisheries Service External links EditGuide to Responsible Sourcing of Plaice produced by Seafish https web archive org web 20071008001434 http www seafish org upload file fisheries management Plaice 20Factsheet2 20 20final pdf Meet the Ekofish otter trawl plaice fishers Information about plaice Marine Stewardship Council Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Plaice amp oldid 1105682023, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
