The giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) is an important species for aquaculture.
The term "prawn"[2] is used particularly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry. Shrimp in this category often belong to the suborder Dendrobranchiata. In North America, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. The terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. Over the years, the way they are used has changed, and in contemporary usage, the terms are almost interchangeable.
The terms shrimp and prawn are common names, not scientific names. They are vernacular or colloquial terms which lack the formal definition of scientific terms. They are not taxa, but are terms of convenience with little circumscriptional significance. There is no reason to avoid using the terms shrimp or prawn when convenient, but it is important not to confuse them with the names or relationships of actual taxa.[2]
According to the crustacean taxonomist Tin-Yam Chan, "The terms shrimp and prawn have no definite reference to any known taxonomic groups. Although the term shrimp is sometimes applied to smaller species, while prawn is more often used for larger forms, there is no clear distinction between both terms and their usage is often confused or even reverse in different countries or regions."[3] Writing in 1980, L. B. Holthuis noted that the terms prawn and shrimp were used inconsistently "even within a single region", generalising that larger species fished commercially were generally called shrimp in the United States, and prawns in other English-speaking countries, although not without exceptions.[4]
A bigclaw river shrimp. Prawns are sometimes said to be large shrimp or alternatively freshwater shrimp, but this large, freshwater creature is a caridean shrimp, and is rarely referred to as a prawn.
A lot of confusion surrounds the scope of the term shrimp. Part of the confusion originates with the association of smallness. That creates problems with shrimp-like species that are not small. The expression "jumbo shrimp" can be viewed as an oxymoron, a problem that does not exist with the commercial designation "jumbo prawns".[5]
The term shrimp originated around the 14th century with the Middle Englishshrimpe, akin to the Middle Low Germanschrempen, and meaning to contract or wrinkle; and the Old Norseskorpna, meaning to shrivel up, or skreppa, meaning a thin person.[6][7] It is not clear where the term prawn originated, but early forms of the word surfaced in England in the early 15th century as prayne, praine and prane.[8][9][10] According to the linguist Anatoly Liberman it is unclear how shrimp, in English, came to be associated with small. "No Germanic language associates the shrimp with its size... The same holds for Romance... it remains unclear in what circumstances the name was applied to the crustacean."[11]
Taxonomic studies in Europe on shrimp and prawns were shaped by the common shrimp and the common prawn, both found in huge numbers along the European coastlines. The common shrimp, Crangon crangon, was categorised in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus, and the common prawn, Palaemon serratus, was categorised in 1777 by Thomas Pennant. The common shrimp is a small burrowing species aligned with the notion of a shrimp as being something small, whereas the common prawn is much larger. The terms true shrimp or true prawn are sometimes used to mean what a particular person thinks is a shrimp or prawn.[2] This varies with the person using the terms. But such terms are not normally used in the scientific literature, because the terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. Over the years the way shrimp and prawn are used has changed, and nowadays the terms are almost interchangeable. Although from time to time some biologists declare that certain common names should be confined to specific taxa, the popular use of these names seems to continue unchanged.[2][12]
Regional distinctions
The terms shrimp and prawn originated in Britain. In the use of common names for species, shrimp is applied to smaller species, particularly species that are dorsoventrally depressed (wider than deep) with a shorter rostrum. It is the only term used for species in the family Crangonidae, such as the common shrimp or brown shrimp, Crangon crangon. Prawn is never applied to very small species. It is applied to most of the larger forms, particularly species that are laterally compressed (deeper than wide) and have a long rostrum. However, the terms are not used consistently. For example, some authors refer to Pandalus montagui as an Aesop shrimp, while others refer to it as an Aesop prawn.[2][4]
Commonwealth countries, and Ireland, tend to follow British usage. Some exceptions occur in Australia, where some authors refer to small species of the Palaemonidae as prawns and call the Alpheidae pistol shrimp. Other Australian authors have given the name banded coral shrimp to the prawn-like Stenopus hispidus and listed "the Processidae and Atyidae as shrimps, the Hippolytidae, Alpheidae, Pandalidae and Campylonotoidea as prawns".[4] New Zealand broadly follows British usage. A rule of thumb given by some New Zealand authors states: "In common usage, shrimp are small, some three inches or less in length, taken for food by netting, usually from shallow water. Prawn are larger, up to 12 inches long, taken by trapping and trawling."[13] In Canada, the terms are often used interchangeably as in New Zealand (larger species are prawns, and smaller are often shrimp), but regional variations exist. In western provinces, prawn is almost exclusively the general term. South Africa and the former British colonies in Asia also seem to follow British usage generally.[4]
Shrimp is the more general term in the United States.[4] The term prawn is less commonly used in the United States, being applied mainly to larger shrimp and those living in freshwater. [14]
References
^"Prawn". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
^ abcdeMortenson, Philip B (2010) This is not a weasel: a close look at nature's most confusing terms Pages 106–109, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN9780471273967.
^Chan, TY (1998) Shrimps and prawns[permanent dead link] In K.E. Carpenter & V.H. Niem. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome, FAO.
^ abcdeHolthuis, L. B. (1980) Shrimps and prawns of the world Volume I of the FAO species catalogue, Fisheries Synopsis No.125, Rome. ISBN92-5-100896-5.
^Warren S. Blumenfeld (20 November 1986). Jumbo shrimp & other almost perfect oxymorons: contradictory expressions that make absolute sense. Putnam. p. 46. ISBN978-0-399-51306-0.
Bauer, Raymond T. 2004 "Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans" University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN9780806135557.
De Grave, S., Cai, Y. & Anker, A. (2008) "Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in freshwater" Hydrobiologia, 595 : 287–293. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2
Fransen, C. H. J. M. & De Grave, S. (2009) "Evolution and radiation of shrimp-like decapods: an overview" In: Martin J.W., Crandall K.A., Felder D.L. (eds.), Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. CRC Press, pp. 246–259.
Holthuis, L. B. (1980) Shrimps and prawns of the world Volume I of the FAO species catalogue, Fisheries synopsis 125, Rome. ISBN92-5-100896-5.
Kaplan, Eugene H. (2010) Sensuous Seas: Tales of a Marine Biologist Princeton University Press. ISBN9780691125602.
Meyer, R., Lochner, S. & Melzer, R. R. (2009) Decapoda – Crabs, Shrimps & Lobsters 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine pp. 623–670 In: Häussermann, V. and Förster, G. (eds) Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia: Illustrated Identification Guide, Nature in Focus. ISBN9789563322446.
Poore, Gary (2004) Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: A Guide to Identification Csiro Publishing. ISBN9780643099258.
Rudloe, Jack and Rudloe, Anne (2009) Shrimp: The Endless Quest for Pink Gold FT Press. ISBN9780137009725.
Ruppert, E. E., Fox, R. S. & Barnes, R. D. (2004) Invertebrate zoology: A functional evolutionary approach 7th edition, Thomson-Brooks/Cole. ISBN9780030259821.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dendrobranchiata and Caridea.
Shrimp versus prawn shrimp, lobster, crab ngrams
Shrimp versus prawns – YouTube
January 10, 2023
prawn, other, uses, disambiguation, common, name, small, aquatic, crustaceans, with, exoskeleton, legs, which, member, order, decapoda, some, which, eaten, giant, tiger, prawn, penaeus, monodon, important, species, aquaculture, term, prawn, used, particularly,. For other uses see Prawn disambiguation Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs which is a member of the order decapoda some of which can be eaten 1 The giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon is an important species for aquaculture The term prawn 2 is used particularly in the United Kingdom Ireland and Commonwealth nations for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry Shrimp in this category often belong to the suborder Dendrobranchiata In North America the term is used less frequently typically for freshwater shrimp The terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing Over the years the way they are used has changed and in contemporary usage the terms are almost interchangeable Contents 1 Shrimpvs prawn 2 Regional distinctions 3 References 3 1 Further reading 4 External linksShrimpvs prawn EditThis section is transcluded from Shrimp edit history The terms shrimp and prawn are common names not scientific names They are vernacular or colloquial terms which lack the formal definition of scientific terms They are not taxa but are terms of convenience with little circumscriptional significance There is no reason to avoid using the terms shrimp or prawn when convenient but it is important not to confuse them with the names or relationships of actual taxa 2 According to the crustacean taxonomist Tin Yam Chan The terms shrimp and prawn have no definite reference to any known taxonomic groups Although the term shrimp is sometimes applied to smaller species while prawn is more often used for larger forms there is no clear distinction between both terms and their usage is often confused or even reverse in different countries or regions 3 Writing in 1980 L B Holthuis noted that the terms prawn and shrimp were used inconsistently even within a single region generalising that larger species fished commercially were generally called shrimp in the United States and prawns in other English speaking countries although not without exceptions 4 A bigclaw river shrimp Prawns are sometimes said to be large shrimp or alternatively freshwater shrimp but this large freshwater creature is a caridean shrimp and is rarely referred to as a prawn A lot of confusion surrounds the scope of the term shrimp Part of the confusion originates with the association of smallness That creates problems with shrimp like species that are not small The expression jumbo shrimp can be viewed as an oxymoron a problem that does not exist with the commercial designation jumbo prawns 5 The term shrimp originated around the 14th century with the Middle English shrimpe akin to the Middle Low German schrempen and meaning to contract or wrinkle and the Old Norse skorpna meaning to shrivel up or skreppa meaning a thin person 6 7 It is not clear where the term prawn originated but early forms of the word surfaced in England in the early 15th century as prayne praine and prane 8 9 10 According to the linguist Anatoly Liberman it is unclear how shrimp in English came to be associated with small No Germanic language associates the shrimp with its size The same holds for Romance it remains unclear in what circumstances the name was applied to the crustacean 11 Taxonomic studies in Europe on shrimp and prawns were shaped by the common shrimp and the common prawn both found in huge numbers along the European coastlines The common shrimp Crangon crangon was categorised in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus and the common prawn Palaemon serratus was categorised in 1777 by Thomas Pennant The common shrimp is a small burrowing species aligned with the notion of a shrimp as being something small whereas the common prawn is much larger The terms true shrimp or true prawn are sometimes used to mean what a particular person thinks is a shrimp or prawn 2 This varies with the person using the terms But such terms are not normally used in the scientific literature because the terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing Over the years the way shrimp and prawn are used has changed and nowadays the terms are almost interchangeable Although from time to time some biologists declare that certain common names should be confined to specific taxa the popular use of these names seems to continue unchanged 2 12 Regional distinctions EditThe terms shrimp and prawn originated in Britain In the use of common names for species shrimp is applied to smaller species particularly species that are dorsoventrally depressed wider than deep with a shorter rostrum It is the only term used for species in the family Crangonidae such as the common shrimp or brown shrimp Crangon crangon Prawn is never applied to very small species It is applied to most of the larger forms particularly species that are laterally compressed deeper than wide and have a long rostrum However the terms are not used consistently For example some authors refer to Pandalus montagui as an Aesop shrimp while others refer to it as an Aesop prawn 2 4 Commonwealth countries and Ireland tend to follow British usage Some exceptions occur in Australia where some authors refer to small species of the Palaemonidae as prawns and call the Alpheidae pistol shrimp Other Australian authors have given the name banded coral shrimp to the prawn like Stenopus hispidus and listed the Processidae and Atyidae as shrimps the Hippolytidae Alpheidae Pandalidae and Campylonotoidea as prawns 4 New Zealand broadly follows British usage A rule of thumb given by some New Zealand authors states In common usage shrimp are small some three inches or less in length taken for food by netting usually from shallow water Prawn are larger up to 12 inches long taken by trapping and trawling 13 In Canada the terms are often used interchangeably as in New Zealand larger species are prawns and smaller are often shrimp but regional variations exist In western provinces prawn is almost exclusively the general term South Africa and the former British colonies in Asia also seem to follow British usage generally 4 Shrimp is the more general term in the United States 4 The term prawn is less commonly used in the United States being applied mainly to larger shrimp and those living in freshwater 14 References Edit Prawn Cambridge Dictionary Retrieved November 27 2016 a b c d e Mortenson Philip B 2010 This is not a weasel a close look at nature s most confusing terms Pages 106 109 John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 9780471273967 Chan TY 1998 Shrimps and prawns permanent dead link In K E Carpenter amp V H Niem The living marine resources of the western central Pacific FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes Rome FAO a b c d e Holthuis L B 1980 Shrimps and prawns of the world Volume I of the FAO species catalogue Fisheries Synopsis No 125 Rome ISBN 92 5 100896 5 Warren S Blumenfeld 20 November 1986 Jumbo shrimp amp other almost perfect oxymorons contradictory expressions that make absolute sense Putnam p 46 ISBN 978 0 399 51306 0 Online Etymology Dictionary Shrimp Shrimp Merriam Webster Online Dictionary 2008 Retrieved 5 August 2012 prawnOnline Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 5 August 2012 Prawn Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved 5 August 2012 Liberman Anatoly 2012 After shrimp comes prawn Oxford University Press s Blog 16 May 2012 Liberman Anatoly 2012 A scrumptious shrimp with a riddle Oxford University Press s Blog 18 April 2012 Richardson LR Yaldwyn JC 1958 A Guide to the Natant Decapod Crustacea Shrimps and Prawns of New Zealand Tuatara 7 1 Richardson LR and Yaldwyn JC 1958 A Guide to the Natant Decapod Crustacea Shrimps and Prawns of New Zealand Tuatara 7 1 The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Fifth Edition Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 2011 Retrieved 21 May 2013 Further reading Edit Crustaceans portalBauer Raymond T 2004 Remarkable Shrimps Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans University of Oklahoma Press ISBN 9780806135557 De Grave S Cai Y amp Anker A 2008 Global diversity of shrimps Crustacea Decapoda Caridea in freshwater Hydrobiologia 595 287 293 doi 10 1007 s10750 007 9024 2 R Gillett 2008 Global Study of Shrimp Fisheries Rome Italy Food and Agriculture Organization ISBN 978 92 5 106053 7 Fisheries Technical Paper 475 Fransen C H J M amp De Grave S 2009 Evolution and radiation of shrimp like decapods an overview In Martin J W Crandall K A Felder D L eds Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics CRC Press pp 246 259 Holthuis L B 1980 Shrimps and prawns of the world Volume I of the FAO species catalogue Fisheries synopsis 125 Rome ISBN 92 5 100896 5 Kaplan Eugene H 2010 Sensuous Seas Tales of a Marine Biologist Princeton University Press ISBN 9780691125602 Meyer R Lochner S amp Melzer R R 2009 Decapoda Crabs Shrimps amp Lobsters Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine pp 623 670 In Haussermann V and Forster G eds Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia Illustrated Identification Guide Nature in Focus ISBN 9789563322446 Poore Gary 2004 Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia A Guide to Identification Csiro Publishing ISBN 9780643099258 Fearnley Whittingstall H amp Fisher N 2007 The River Cottage Fish Book Page 541 543 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 9780747588696 Roberts Callum 2009 The unnatural history of the sea Island Press ISBN 9781597265775 Rudloe Jack and Rudloe Anne 2009 Shrimp The Endless Quest for Pink Gold FT Press ISBN 9780137009725 Ruppert E E Fox R S amp Barnes R D 2004 Invertebrate zoology A functional evolutionary approach 7th edition Thomson Brooks Cole ISBN 9780030259821 Frederick Schram 1986 The Crustacea Oxford University Press ISBN 978 90 04 12918 4 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to wbr Dendrobranchiata and wbr Caridea Shrimp versus prawn shrimp lobster crab ngrams Shrimp versus prawns YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prawn amp oldid 1129597246, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
