The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is a medium-sized perciform fish in the tuna family, Scombridae. It is otherwise known as the balaya (Sri Lanka), bakulan/kayu (North Borneo), tongkol/aya (Malay Peninsula/Indonesia), aku (Hawaii), cakalang (Indonesia), katsuo, arctic bonito, mushmouth, oceanic bonito, striped tuna or victor fish. It grows up to 1 m (3 ft) in length. It is a cosmopolitanpelagic fish found in tropical and warm-temperate waters. It is a very important species for fisheries.[2]
It is a streamlined, fast-swimming pelagic fish, common in tropical waters throughout the world, where it inhabits surface waters in large shoals (up to 50,000 fish), feeding on fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, and mollusks. It is an important prey species for sharks and large pelagic fishes and is often used as live bait when fishing for marlin. It has no scales, except on the lateral line and the corselet (a band of large, thick scales forming a circle around the body behind the head). It commonly reaches fork lengths up to 80 cm (2 ft 7 in) and a mass of 8–10 kg (18–22 lb). Its maximum fork length is 108 cm (3 ft 7 in) and maximum mass is 34.5 kg (76 lb). Determining the age of skipjack tuna is difficult, and the estimates of its potential lifespan range between 8 and 12 years.[2]
Skipjack tuna is a batch spawner. Spawning occurs year-round in equatorial waters, but it gets more seasonal further away from the equator. Fork length at first spawning is about 45 cm (18 in). It is also known for its potent smell.[2]
Skipjack tuna have the highest percentage of skeletal muscle devoted to locomotion of all animals, with 68% of the animal's total body mass.[3][4]
Skipjack tuna are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and changes. Climate change impacts are significant in marine ecosystems, and ecological factors may change fish distribution and catchability.[5]
Fisheries
Worldwide capture of skipjack tuna in tonnes reported by the FAO
Skipjack is the most fecund of the main commercial tunas, and its population is considered sustainable against its current consumption.[8][9] Its fishing is still controversial due to the methodology, with rod and reel or fishery options being promoted as ecologically preferable.[10][11][12]Purse seine methods are considered unsustainable by some authorities due to excess bycatch, although bycatch is said to be much reduced if fish aggregation devices are not used.[13] These considerations have led to the availability of canned skipjack marked with the fishing method used to catch it.[14]
Skipjack is considered to have "moderate" mercury contamination. As a result, pregnant women are advised against eating large quantities.[15][16][17] In addition, skipjack's livers were tested globally for tributyltin (TBT) contamination. TBT is an organotin compound introduced into marine ecosystems through antifouling paint used on ship hulls, and has been determined to be very toxic. About 90% of skipjack tested positive for contamination, especially in Southeast Asia, where regulations of TBT use are less rigorous than in Europe or the US.[18]
As food
Skipjack tuna is used extensively in Japanese cuisine, where it is known as katsuo (鰹/かつお). Besides being eaten seared (katsuo tataki (鰹のタタキ)) and raw in sushi and sashimi, it is also smoked and dried to make katsuobushi, the central ingredient in dashi (a common Japanese fish stock).[19] It is also a key ingredient in shuto.
In Indonesian cuisine, skipjack tuna is known as cakalang. The most popular Indonesian dish made from skipjack tuna is cakalang fufu from Minahasa. It is a cured and smoked skipjack tuna dish, made by cooking the fish after clipping it to a bamboo frame.[20] Skipjack known as Kalhubilamas in Maldives is integral to Maldivian cuisine.[21]
Skipjack tuna is an important fish in the native cuisine of Hawaii (where it is known as aku) and throughout the Pacific islands. Hawaiians prefer to eat aku either raw as a sashimi or poke or seared like in the Japanese tataki style.[22]
The trade in pickled skipjack tuna is a driving force behind the commercial fishery of this species in Spain.[23]
^Collette, B.; Acero, A.; Amorim, A.F.; et al. (2011). "Katsuwonus pelamis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T170310A6739812. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170310A6739812.en.
^ abcCollette, Bruce B.; Cornelia E. Nauen (1983). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and other related species known to date(PDF). FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 137.
^Calder, William A. (1996). Size, Function, and Life History. Courier Corporation. p. 19. ISBN978-0-486-69191-6.
^Bone, Q. (1978). Locomotor muscle. Fish physiology: Academic Press. p. 362. ISBN978-0-08-058527-7.
^Yen, Kuo-Wei; Su, Nan-Jay; Teemari, Tooreka; Lee, Min-An; Lu, Hsueh-Jung (2016-12-01). "PREDICTING THE CATCH POTENTIAL OF SKIPJACK TUNA IN THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS". Journal of Marine Science and Technology. 24 (6). doi:10.6119/JMST-016-0713-1. ISSN 1023-2796.
^The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. fao.org. Food and Agriculture Organization. 2022. doi:10.4060/cc0461en. hdl:10535/3776. ISBN978-92-5-136364-5. from the original on 2022-03-04. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
^"FishWatch: Atlantic Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)". NOAA.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 3, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
^. blueocean.org. Blue Ocean Institute. November 11, 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
^"BUSINESS: PACIFIC TOLD TO TAKE THE LEAD If region wants to conserve critical resource". Islands Business International. November 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
^"Pacific tries to show way in sustainable tuna fishing". ABC International - Radio Australia. October 23, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
^"Retailers' Guide to Sustainable and Equitable Pole and Line Skipjack". greenpeace.org. Greenpeace International. 27 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
^. SeafoodWatch.org. Monterey Bay Aquarium. Archived from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
^Schwartz, Ariel (2012-09-30). "How Safeway Ended Up Selling Cheap, Responsibly-Caught Store Brand Tuna". Fast Company. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
^"Mercury Levels in Sushi". americanpregnancy.org. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
^"Mercury Levels in Fish". NRDC.org. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
^"Advice for Pregnant Women on Fish Consumption concerning Mercury Contamination". mhlw.go.jp. 2003-06-03. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
^Down, Steve. "Tuna is attuned to tin". separationsnow.com. Retrieved 2014-04-28.
^Sperss, Phil. "How to prepare skipjack tuna for nigiri sushi". lapetitnoisette.
^ (in Indonesian). MediaIndonesia.com. 15 July 2011. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
^Prince, Rose (11 March 2010). "Tuna fishing in the Maldives: the fairest catch". The Telegraph. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
^"Skipjack Tuna (Aku)". Hawaii Seafood. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
Pacific skipjack tuna NOAA FishWatch. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
Western Atlantic skipjack tuna NOAA FishWatch. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
External links
Media related to Katsuwonus pelamis at Wikimedia Commons
Photos of Skipjack tuna on Sealife Collection
January 18, 2023
skipjack, tuna, skipjack, tuna, katsuwonus, pelamis, medium, sized, perciform, fish, tuna, family, scombridae, otherwise, known, balaya, lanka, bakulan, kayu, north, borneo, tongkol, malay, peninsula, indonesia, hawaii, cakalang, indonesia, katsuo, arctic, bon. The skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis is a medium sized perciform fish in the tuna family Scombridae It is otherwise known as the balaya Sri Lanka bakulan kayu North Borneo tongkol aya Malay Peninsula Indonesia aku Hawaii cakalang Indonesia katsuo arctic bonito mushmouth oceanic bonito striped tuna or victor fish It grows up to 1 m 3 ft in length It is a cosmopolitan pelagic fish found in tropical and warm temperate waters It is a very important species for fisheries 2 Skipjack tunaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder ScombriformesFamily ScombridaeSubfamily ScombrinaeTribe ThunniniGenus KatsuwonusKishinouye 1915Species K pelamisBinomial nameKatsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus 1758 SynonymsEuthynnus pelamis Linnaeus 1758 Katsuwonus vagans Lesson 1829 Scomber pelamys Linnaeus 1758Scomber pelamis Linnaeus 1758Thynnus vagans Lesson 1829 Contents 1 Description 2 Fisheries 3 As food 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 Sources 5 External linksDescription Edit Shoaling skipjack tuna It is a streamlined fast swimming pelagic fish common in tropical waters throughout the world where it inhabits surface waters in large shoals up to 50 000 fish feeding on fish crustaceans cephalopods and mollusks It is an important prey species for sharks and large pelagic fishes and is often used as live bait when fishing for marlin It has no scales except on the lateral line and the corselet a band of large thick scales forming a circle around the body behind the head It commonly reaches fork lengths up to 80 cm 2 ft 7 in and a mass of 8 10 kg 18 22 lb Its maximum fork length is 108 cm 3 ft 7 in and maximum mass is 34 5 kg 76 lb Determining the age of skipjack tuna is difficult and the estimates of its potential lifespan range between 8 and 12 years 2 Skipjack tuna is a batch spawner Spawning occurs year round in equatorial waters but it gets more seasonal further away from the equator Fork length at first spawning is about 45 cm 18 in It is also known for its potent smell 2 Skipjack tuna have the highest percentage of skeletal muscle devoted to locomotion of all animals with 68 of the animal s total body mass 3 4 Skipjack tuna are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and changes Climate change impacts are significant in marine ecosystems and ecological factors may change fish distribution and catchability 5 Fisheries Edit Worldwide capture of skipjack tuna in tonnes reported by the FAO It is an important commercial and game fish usually caught using purse seine nets and is sold fresh frozen canned dried salted and smoked In 2018 landings of 3 2 million tonnes were reported the third highest of any marine capture fishery after Peruvian anchoveta and Alaska pollock 6 Countries recording large amounts of skipjack catches include the Maldives France Spain Malaysia Sri Lanka and Indonesia 7 Skipjack is the most fecund of the main commercial tunas and its population is considered sustainable against its current consumption 8 9 Its fishing is still controversial due to the methodology with rod and reel or fishery options being promoted as ecologically preferable 10 11 12 Purse seine methods are considered unsustainable by some authorities due to excess bycatch although bycatch is said to be much reduced if fish aggregation devices are not used 13 These considerations have led to the availability of canned skipjack marked with the fishing method used to catch it 14 Skipjack is considered to have moderate mercury contamination As a result pregnant women are advised against eating large quantities 15 16 17 In addition skipjack s livers were tested globally for tributyltin TBT contamination TBT is an organotin compound introduced into marine ecosystems through antifouling paint used on ship hulls and has been determined to be very toxic About 90 of skipjack tested positive for contamination especially in Southeast Asia where regulations of TBT use are less rigorous than in Europe or the US 18 As food EditSkipjack tuna is used extensively in Japanese cuisine where it is known as katsuo 鰹 かつお Besides being eaten seared katsuo tataki 鰹のタタキ and raw in sushi and sashimi it is also smoked and dried to make katsuobushi the central ingredient in dashi a common Japanese fish stock 19 It is also a key ingredient in shuto In Indonesian cuisine skipjack tuna is known as cakalang The most popular Indonesian dish made from skipjack tuna is cakalang fufu from Minahasa It is a cured and smoked skipjack tuna dish made by cooking the fish after clipping it to a bamboo frame 20 Skipjack known as Kalhubilamas in Maldives is integral to Maldivian cuisine 21 Skipjack tuna is an important fish in the native cuisine of Hawaii where it is known as aku and throughout the Pacific islands Hawaiians prefer to eat aku either raw as a sashimi or poke or seared like in the Japanese tataki style 22 The trade in pickled skipjack tuna is a driving force behind the commercial fishery of this species in Spain 23 Katsuo no tataki Cakalang fufuReferences EditCitations Edit Collette B Acero A Amorim A F et al 2011 Katsuwonus pelamis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T170310A6739812 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2011 2 RLTS T170310A6739812 en a b c Collette Bruce B Cornelia E Nauen 1983 FAO species catalogue Vol 2 Scombrids of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas mackerels bonitos and other related species known to date PDF FAO Fisheries Synopsis Rome Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations p 137 Calder William A 1996 Size Function and Life History Courier Corporation p 19 ISBN 978 0 486 69191 6 Bone Q 1978 Locomotor muscle Fish physiology Academic Press p 362 ISBN 978 0 08 058527 7 Yen Kuo Wei Su Nan Jay Teemari Tooreka Lee Min An Lu Hsueh Jung 2016 12 01 PREDICTING THE CATCH POTENTIAL OF SKIPJACK TUNA IN THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS Journal of Marine Science and Technology 24 6 doi 10 6119 JMST 016 0713 1 ISSN 1023 2796 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020 fao org Food and Agriculture Organization 2022 doi 10 4060 cc0461en hdl 10535 3776 ISBN 978 92 5 136364 5 Archived from the original on 2022 03 04 Retrieved 2022 03 08 Makoto Miyake Naozumi Miyabe Hideki Nakano 2004 Historical trends of tuna catches in the world FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No 467 Rome Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FishWatch Atlantic Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus pelamis NOAA gov National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration November 3 2009 Retrieved 2009 11 12 Skipjack tuna purse seine caught blueocean org Blue Ocean Institute November 11 2009 Archived from the original on 2010 06 13 Retrieved 2009 11 12 BUSINESS PACIFIC TOLD TO TAKE THE LEAD If region wants to conserve critical resource Islands Business International November 2009 Retrieved 2009 11 12 Pacific tries to show way in sustainable tuna fishing ABC International Radio Australia October 23 2009 Retrieved 2009 11 12 Retailers Guide to Sustainable and Equitable Pole and Line Skipjack greenpeace org Greenpeace International 27 April 2009 Retrieved 2009 11 12 Tuna Skipjack SeafoodWatch org Monterey Bay Aquarium Archived from the original on 2014 08 19 Retrieved 2014 08 16 Schwartz Ariel 2012 09 30 How Safeway Ended Up Selling Cheap Responsibly Caught Store Brand Tuna Fast Company Retrieved 2014 08 16 Mercury Levels in Sushi americanpregnancy org Retrieved 2013 08 22 Mercury Levels in Fish NRDC org Retrieved 2013 08 22 Advice for Pregnant Women on Fish Consumption concerning Mercury Contamination mhlw go jp 2003 06 03 Retrieved 2013 08 22 Down Steve Tuna is attuned to tin separationsnow com Retrieved 2014 04 28 Sperss Phil How to prepare skipjack tuna for nigiri sushi lapetitnoisette Cakalang Fufu Jadi Pilihan di Sulut in Indonesian MediaIndonesia com 15 July 2011 Archived from the original on 1 January 2013 Retrieved 1 June 2012 Prince Rose 11 March 2010 Tuna fishing in the Maldives the fairest catch The Telegraph Retrieved 13 April 2011 Skipjack Tuna Aku Hawaii Seafood Retrieved 2020 01 14 Pesca y Acuicultura Sources Edit Pacific skipjack tuna NOAA FishWatch Retrieved 5 November 2012 Western Atlantic skipjack tuna NOAA FishWatch Retrieved 5 November 2012 External links Edit Media related to Katsuwonus pelamis at Wikimedia Commons Photos of Skipjack tuna on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Skipjack tuna amp oldid 1125391042, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
