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The two principal varieties, Kanamari (Canamarí) and Katukina (Catuquina), are mutually intelligible, and have both been confused with neighboring languages with the same or similar names.[2]
Synonyms and dialect names include Tshom-djapa, Tsohon-djapa, Wiri-dyapá, Pidá-dyapá, Kutiá-dyapá (Kadiu-diapa, Cutiadapa), Tucun-diapa, Bendiapa, Parawa.
The term Katukina is derived from the Proto-Purus term *ka-tukanɨ, meaning 'speaker of an indigenous language'.[3] As a result, it is used to refer to a few different unrelated languages belonging to separate language families, including Panoan and Arawakan:
An alveolar lateral consonant /l/ may be realized as a retroflex lateral [ɭ]. A velar nasal [ŋ] sound is often heard when following after nasal vowels. A glottal stop [ʔ] can be heard before word-initial vowels. A word-final /k/ may also sound unreleased [k̚].
/i/ and /u/ may be realized as approximant sounds [j] and [w], when preceding another vowel.[4]
Grammaredit
The syntax of Kanamarí is characterized by ergative–absolutive alignment.[5] The absolutive argument (i.e. the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs) is unmarked for case, and usually appears following the verb phrase.
tyuku
die
wa:pa
dog
tyuku wa:pa
die dog
'The dog died.'
no-ti
2.SG.GEN-kill
paiko
grandfather
no-ti paiko
2.SG.GEN-kill grandfather
'You killed grandfather.'
If the absolutive argument is a pronoun, it is represented by its free-standing form.
ki:tan
sleep
idi:k
2.SG
ki:tan idi:k
sleep 2.SG
'You slept.'
The ergative argument (i.e. the agent of transitive verbs) is marked for genitive case. If the agent is a pronoun, it is represented by a genitive prefix (as in no-ti paiko 'you killed grandfather' above). If the agent is a full noun, it is linked to the verb with the case marker na, which phonologically attaches to the verb:
pi:da
jaguar
na=ti
GEN=kill
paiko
grandfather
pi:dana=ti paiko
jaguar GEN=kill grandfather
'The jaguar killed grandfather.'
Referencesedit
^ abKanamari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Katukina at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^Harald Hammarström (2013) Review of the Ethnologue, 16th Ed.
^Carvalho, Fernando O. de. 2019. On the etymology of the ethnonym Katukina. Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas (Vol. 2, 1) - 2019.
^dos Anjos, Zoraide (2011). Fonologia e Gramática Katukina-Kanamari(PDF) (Ph.D. Dissertation). Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
^Queixalós, Francesc (2010). "Grammatical relations in Katukina-Kanamari". In Gildea, Spike; Queixalós, Francesc (eds.). Ergativity in Amazonia. pp. 235–284.
Queixalós, Francesc 2012. The Katukina-Kanamari antipassive. In: Gilles Authier and Katharina Haude (eds). Ergativity, Valency and Voice. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. (pp. 227–258)
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Not to be confused with Kanamare language Panoan Katukina language or Catuquinaru language You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese July 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Portuguese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 522 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at pt Lingua katukina kanamari see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pt Lingua katukina kanamari to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Kanamari or Katukina Kanamari is a Katukinan language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas Brazil It is considered endangered KanamariKatukina KanamariNative toBrazilRegionAmazonasEthnicity3 340 2006 2008 1 Native speakers1 300 2006 1 Language familyHarakmbut Katukinan KatukinianKanamariDialectsKanamari Dyapa KatukinaLanguage codesISO 639 3Either a href https iso639 3 sil org code knm class extiw title iso639 3 knm knm a Kanamari a href https iso639 3 sil org code kav class extiw title iso639 3 kav kav a KatukinaGlottologkana1291ELPDyapaKatukinaThe two principal varieties Kanamari Canamari and Katukina Catuquina are mutually intelligible and have both been confused with neighboring languages with the same or similar names 2 Synonyms and dialect names include Tshom djapa Tsohon djapa Wiri dyapa Pida dyapa Kutia dyapa Kadiu diapa Cutiadapa Tucun diapa Bendiapa Parawa Contents 1 Etymology 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 Grammar 4 References 5 External linksEtymology editThe term Katukina is derived from the Proto Purus term ka tukanɨ meaning speaker of an indigenous language 3 As a result it is used to refer to a few different unrelated languages belonging to separate language families including Panoan and Arawakan Katukina Arawakan Katukina Panoan Catuquinaru unclassified Phonology editConsonants edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalPlosive voiceless p t tʃ kvoiced b d dʒNasal m n ɲFricative hApproximant lAn alveolar lateral consonant l may be realized as a retroflex lateral ɭ A velar nasal ŋ sound is often heard when following after nasal vowels A glottal stop ʔ can be heard before word initial vowels A word final k may also sound unreleased k Vowels edit Front Central Backunrounded roundedHigh i iː ɯ ɯː u uːLow a aː i and u may be realized as approximant sounds j and w when preceding another vowel 4 Grammar editThe syntax of Kanamari is characterized by ergative absolutive alignment 5 The absolutive argument i e the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs is unmarked for case and usually appears following the verb phrase tyukudiewa padogtyuku wa padie dog The dog died no ti2 SG GEN killpaikograndfatherno ti paiko2 SG GEN kill grandfather You killed grandfather If the absolutive argument is a pronoun it is represented by its free standing form ki tansleepidi k2 SGki tan idi ksleep 2 SG You slept The ergative argument i e the agent of transitive verbs is marked for genitive case If the agent is a pronoun it is represented by a genitive prefix as in no ti paiko you killed grandfather above If the agent is a full noun it is linked to the verb with the case marker na which phonologically attaches to the verb pi dajaguarna tiGEN killpaikograndfatherpi da na ti paikojaguar GEN kill grandfather The jaguar killed grandfather References edit a b Kanamari at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Katukina at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Harald Hammarstrom 2013 Review of the Ethnologue 16th Ed Carvalho Fernando O de 2019 On the etymology of the ethnonym Katukina Revista Brasileira de Linguas Indigenas Vol 2 1 2019 dos Anjos Zoraide 2011 Fonologia e Gramatica Katukina Kanamari PDF Ph D Dissertation Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Retrieved 12 June 2020 Queixalos Francesc 2010 Grammatical relations in Katukina Kanamari In Gildea Spike Queixalos Francesc eds Ergativity in Amazonia pp 235 284 Queixalos Francesc 2012 The Katukina Kanamari antipassive In Gilles Authier and Katharina Haude eds Ergativity Valency and Voice Berlin De Gruyter Mouton pp 227 258 External links editCatuquina Intercontinental Dictionary Series Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kanamari language amp oldid 1163306197, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
