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Jewish quarter (diaspora)

August 25, 2023

In the Jewish diaspora, a Jewish quarter (also known as jewry, juiverie, Judengasse, Jewynstreet, Jewtown, Juderia or proto-ghetto)[1] is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is "Di yiddishe gas" (Yiddish: די ייִדישע גאַס ), or "The Jewish quarter."[2] While in Ladino, they are known as maalé yahudí, meaning "The Jewish quarter".

An 1880 watercolour of the Roman Ghetto by Ettore Roesler Franz.

Many European and Near Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter and some still have it. The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c 586 BC. Iraqi Jews constitute one of the world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities.

Jewish quarters in Europe existed for a number of reasons. In some cases, Christian authorities wished to segregate Jews from the Christian population so that Christians would not be "contaminated" by them[citation needed] or so as to put psychological pressure on Jews to convert to Christianity. From the Jewish point of view, concentration of Jews within a limited area offered a level of protection from outside influences or mob violence. In many cases, residents had their own justice system. When political authorities designated an area where Jews were required by law to live, such areas were commonly referred to as ghettos, and were usually coupled with many other disabilities and indignities. The areas chosen usually consisted of the most undesirable areas of a city. In the 19th century, Jewish ghettos were progressively abolished, and their walls taken down, though some areas of Jewish concentration continued and continue to exist. In some cities, Jewish quarters refer to areas which historically had concentrations of Jews. For example, many maps of Spanish towns mark a "Jewish Quarter", though Spain hasn't had a significant Jewish population for over 500 years.

However, in the course of World War II, Nazi Germany reestablished Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe (which they called Jewish quarters) for the purpose of segregation, persecution, terror, and exploitation of Jews, mostly in Eastern Europe. According to USHMM archives, "The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone."[3]

Europe Edit

 
The Josefov of Prague, which was demolished between 1893 and 1913.
 
The Warsaw Ghetto in May 1941.
 
Jewish Quarter of Třebíč, Czech Republic.
 
The entrance, called the "Port de la Calandre", to the Jewish Quarter in Avignon, France.
 
Synagogue in the Jewish Quarter of Troyes, France.
 
Jewish cemetery of Legnica, Poland.
 
Jewish Quarter of Caltagirone, Italy
Main articles: Jewish ghettos in Europe and Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
 
The Judengasse, Frankfurt am Main in 1868
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

Africa Edit

 
El Ghriba, Djerba island, Tunisia.
 
Artifacts from the Jewish Quarter, Casablanca, Morocco.
Egypt
  • Cairo — Harat Al-Yahud Al-Qara’In and Harat Al-Yahud
Morocco
Tunisia

Asia Edit

China
India
Lebanon
Turkey
Iraq
Syria
  • Damascus – Ḥārat al-Yahūd, a recently restored tourist destination popular among Europeans before the outbreak of the Syrian civil war where vacationers can stay in the neighborhood and beautified former homes of the completely vanished ancient Jewish community.[8]

Americas Edit

 
Colonial Calle de los Judíos (Jewish quarter) in Lima, Peru, painting of 1866 by Manuel A. Fuentes and Firmin Didot, Brothers, Sons & Co. University of Chicago Library.[9]
Argentina
Brazil
Venezuela
  • Caracas — San Bernardino, Los Chorros, Altamira, Los Caobos and Sebucán
Mexico
United States
Uruguay
Canada

Other regions Edit

In the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa there are a number of neighborhoods or small towns, generally in large cities or outlying communities of such, which are home to large concentrations of Jewish residents, much in the manner of old-world Jewish quarters or other ethnic enclaves, though without exclusive Jewish population.

References Edit

  1. ^ Dik Van Arkel (2009). The Drawing of the Mark of Cain: A Socio-historical Analysis of the Growth of Anti-Jewish Stereotypes. Amsterdam University Press. p. 298. ISBN 978-90-8964-041-3.
  2. ^ "The Virtual Jewish History Tour – Vilnius". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  3. ^ "Enciclopedia del Holocausto". encyclopedia.ushmm.org.
  4. ^ reports, Property Editor Tommy Barker (29 October 2021). "€285k home in Cork's Jewish quarter has chutzpah in spades". Irish Examiner. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  5. ^ "Jewtown – Simon Lewis".
  6. ^ "MUHBA El Call".
  7. ^ "Iraq's Kurdish Jews Cautiously Return to Homeland". NPR.org.
  8. ^ "Jewish Quarter of Damascus blooms again". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
  9. ^ Manuel A. Fuentes; Firmin Didot, Brothers, Sons & Co. (1866). Lima or Sketches of the Capital of Peru, Historical, Statistical, Administrative, Commercial and Moral. University of Chicago Library.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Doris, Tony. "NEW: Demographic study reveals Palm Beach County's Jewish community bucks national trend". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  11. ^ "Rockland County". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  12. ^ "New York State". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 3 June 2021.

External links Edit

    August 25, 2023
    jewish, quarter, diaspora, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, jewish, quarter, diaspora, news, newspape. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Jewish quarter diaspora news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message In the Jewish diaspora a Jewish quarter also known as jewry juiverie Judengasse Jewynstreet Jewtown Juderia or proto ghetto 1 is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews Jewish quarters like the Jewish ghettos in Europe were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian authorities A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is Di yiddishe gas Yiddish די יי דישע גא ס or The Jewish quarter 2 While in Ladino they are known as maale yahudi meaning The Jewish quarter An 1880 watercolour of the Roman Ghetto by Ettore Roesler Franz Many European and Near Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter and some still have it The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c 586 BC Iraqi Jews constitute one of the world s oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities Jewish quarters in Europe existed for a number of reasons In some cases Christian authorities wished to segregate Jews from the Christian population so that Christians would not be contaminated by them citation needed or so as to put psychological pressure on Jews to convert to Christianity From the Jewish point of view concentration of Jews within a limited area offered a level of protection from outside influences or mob violence In many cases residents had their own justice system When political authorities designated an area where Jews were required by law to live such areas were commonly referred to as ghettos and were usually coupled with many other disabilities and indignities The areas chosen usually consisted of the most undesirable areas of a city In the 19th century Jewish ghettos were progressively abolished and their walls taken down though some areas of Jewish concentration continued and continue to exist In some cities Jewish quarters refer to areas which historically had concentrations of Jews For example many maps of Spanish towns mark a Jewish Quarter though Spain hasn t had a significant Jewish population for over 500 years However in the course of World War II Nazi Germany reestablished Jewish ghettos in Nazi occupied Europe which they called Jewish quarters for the purpose of segregation persecution terror and exploitation of Jews mostly in Eastern Europe According to USHMM archives The Germans established at least 1 000 ghettos in German occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone 3 Contents 1 Europe 2 Africa 3 Asia 4 Americas 5 Other regions 6 References 7 External linksEurope Edit The Josefov of Prague which was demolished between 1893 and 1913 The Warsaw Ghetto in May 1941 Jewish Quarter of Trebic Czech Republic The entrance called the Port de la Calandre to the Jewish Quarter in Avignon France Synagogue in the Jewish Quarter of Troyes France Jewish cemetery of Legnica Poland Jewish Quarter of Caltagirone ItalyMain articles Jewish ghettos in Europe and Ghettos in Nazi occupied Europe AustriaHohenems Jewish Quarter de Salzburg Judengasse de Vienna Judenplatz 1280 1421 LeopoldstadtBelarusDziatlava Zhetel ghetto Minsk Minsk ghetto appr 100 000 Jews local and deported from Austria Germany and the Czech Republic during the Second World War BelgiumAntwerp Joods Antwerpen 35 000 Jews before 1940 15 000 nowadays Czech RepublicKolin Jewish Quarter de Prague JosefovFranceBordeaux Saint Seurin Draguignan La Juiverie de Draguignan fr Lyon La Juiverie de Fourviere and La Guillotiere Marseille La Carriere des Juifs and Mont Juif or Montjusieu Paris the Pletzl in Le Marais district Les Josiols is a former Jewish quarter situated north of Mirabel aux BaronniesGermany The Judengasse Frankfurt am Main in 1868Berlin Judengasse de and the Bayerisches Viertel de Cologne Judengasse de Frankfurt am Main Judengasse Hamburg New Town Grindel de and Eimsbuttel History of the Jews in Hamburg Hanau Nordstrasse de Koblenz Koblenz de Leipzig Bruhl Speyer Jewish community of Speyer Stuttgart Judengasse de Trier Judengasse de Worms WormsGreeceRhodes La JuderiaHungaryBudapest ErzsebetvarosIrelandCork Jewtown around Albert Road 4 5 Dublin PortobelloItalyCaltagirone Iudeca Giudecca Catania Judeca Suprana Judeca Suttana and Piano di Giacobbe Enna Iudeca Giudecca Messina Tirone and Paraporto Naples Giudecca Padua Paduan Ghetto Palermo Meschita and Guzzetta Reggio Calabria La Judeca Giudecca Rome Roman Ghetto Syracuse La Jureca Giudecca Venice Venetian GhettoNetherlandsAmsterdam Jodenbuurt Jodenbreestraat until World War II Buitenveldert contemporary PolandKrakow Kazimierz Warsaw Muranow during World War II the Warsaw Ghetto PortugalBelmonte Judiaria Castelo de Vide Judiaria Lisbon Alfama and Judiaria Oporto Judiaria and Bairro de MonchiqueRomaniaBucharest Văcăresti DudestiSpainAvila Juderia Barcelona El Call 6 Bellpuig Call Besalu Call Caceres Juderia Calahorra Juderia Cordoba Juderia Estella Lizarra Juderia Girona Call Jueu de Girona Hervas Juderia Jaen Juderia Leon Juderia Monforte de Lemos Juderia Oviedo Juderia Palma de Mallorca Call Majorca Call Jueu d Inca Plasencia Juderia Ribadavia Juderia Segovia Aljama Sevilla Juderia Sos del Rey Catolico Juderia Tarazona Aljama Toledo Tortosa Call Tudela Juderia Valladolid AljamaTurkeyEuropean Istanbul Balat Izmir KaratasUnited KingdomCity of London Old Jewry Winchester Jewry StreetAfrica Edit El Ghriba Djerba island Tunisia Artifacts from the Jewish Quarter Casablanca Morocco EgyptCairo Harat Al Yahud Al Qara In and Harat Al YahudMoroccoCasablanca Fez Mellah of Fez Marrakesh Mellah of Marrakesh TangierTunisiaDjerba island El Ghriba Tunis HaraAsia EditChinaShanghai Shanghai ghetto a temporary Jewish refuge during World War II IndiaKochi Jew Town traditional Cochin Jewish district and location of the spice market LebanonBeirut Wadi Abu JamilTurkeyAsian Istanbul Kuzguncuk Izmir KaratasIraqBaghdad History of the Jews in Baghdad Sulaymaniyah Jewlakan 7 SyriaDamascus Ḥarat al Yahud a recently restored tourist destination popular among Europeans before the outbreak of the Syrian civil war where vacationers can stay in the neighborhood and beautified former homes of the completely vanished ancient Jewish community 8 Americas Edit Colonial Calle de los Judios Jewish quarter in Lima Peru painting of 1866 by Manuel A Fuentes and Firmin Didot Brothers Sons amp Co University of Chicago Library 9 ArgentinaBuenos Aires OnceBrazilSao Paulo Bom Retiro HigienopolisVenezuelaCaracas San Bernardino Los Chorros Altamira Los Caobos and SebucanMexicoPolancoUnited StatesBoca Raton Florida There are over 175 000 Jewish people in southern Palm Beach County 10 New York City Williamsburg and Crown Heights in Brooklyn historically the Lower East Side and parts of The Bronx Northern New Jersey Long Island and Rockland County have been home to large Jewish populations since the 1940s and 1950s 11 12 Pittsburgh Squirrel Hill with some spillover into bordering Greenfield Regent Square and Shadyside UruguayMontevideo Villa MunozCanadaMontreal Quebec Mile End Outremont and Cote des Neiges Hampstead Snowdon Cote Saint Luc Saint Laurent Boulevard Toronto The Ward was the original Jewish district in the 19th century followed by Kensington Market in the early to mid 20th century Other regions EditIn the Americas Australia New Zealand and South Africa there are a number of neighborhoods or small towns generally in large cities or outlying communities of such which are home to large concentrations of Jewish residents much in the manner of old world Jewish quarters or other ethnic enclaves though without exclusive Jewish population References Edit Dik Van Arkel 2009 The Drawing of the Mark of Cain A Socio historical Analysis of the Growth of Anti Jewish Stereotypes Amsterdam University Press p 298 ISBN 978 90 8964 041 3 The Virtual Jewish History Tour Vilnius Jewishvirtuallibrary org Retrieved 10 October 2012 Enciclopedia del Holocausto encyclopedia ushmm org reports Property Editor Tommy Barker 29 October 2021 285k home in Cork s Jewish quarter has chutzpah in spades Irish Examiner a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a first has generic name help Jewtown Simon Lewis MUHBA El Call Iraq s Kurdish Jews Cautiously Return to Homeland NPR org Jewish Quarter of Damascus blooms again The Jerusalem Post JPost com Manuel A Fuentes Firmin Didot Brothers Sons amp Co 1866 Lima or Sketches of the Capital of Peru Historical Statistical Administrative Commercial and Moral University of Chicago Library a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Doris Tony NEW Demographic study reveals Palm Beach County s Jewish community bucks national trend The Palm Beach Post Retrieved 3 June 2021 Rockland County www jewishvirtuallibrary org Retrieved 3 June 2021 New York State www jewishvirtuallibrary org Retrieved 3 June 2021 External links EditA walk in the old Jewish Quarter of Pest Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jewish quarter diaspora amp oldid 1168925766, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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