Speyer (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpaɪ̯ɐ](listen), older spelling Speier, French: Spire, historical English: Spires; Palatine German: Schbaija) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine, Speyer lies 25 km (16 miles) south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim, and 21 km (13 miles) south-west of Heidelberg. Founded by the Romans, it is one of Germany's oldest cities. Speyer Cathedral, a number of other churches, and the Altpörtel (old gate) dominate the Speyer landscape. In the cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings.
Main street in Speyer with the Speyer Cathedral in the background
The first known names were Noviomagus and Civitas Nemetum, after the Teutonic tribe, Nemetes, settled in the area. The name Spira is first recorded in the 7th century, taken from villa Spira, a Frankish settlement situated outside of Civitas Nemetum.
Timeline
In 10 BC, the first Roman military camp is established (situated between the town hall and the episcopal palace).
In AD 150, the town appears as Noviomagus on the world map of the Greek geographer Ptolemy.
In 346, a bishop for the town is mentioned for the first time.
4th century, Civitas Nemetum appears on the Peutinger Map.
5th century, Civitas Nemetum is destroyed.
7th century, the town is re-established, and named Spira after a nearby Frankish settlement.
In 1096, as Count Emicho's Crusader army rages across the Rhineland slaughtering Jewish communities, Speyer's Bishop John, with the local leader Yekutiel ben Moses, manages to secure the community's members inside the episcopal palace and later leads them to even stronger fortifications outside the town. It was ruled that anyone harming a Jew would have his hands chopped off.[4]
In 1635, Marshal of France Urbain de Maillé-Brézé, together with Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, conquers Heidelberg and Speyer at the head of the Army of Germany.
In 1689, the town is heavily damaged by French troops.
Between 1792 and 1814, Speyer is under French jurisdiction after the Battle of Speyer.
In 1816, Speyer becomes the seat of administration of the Palatinate and of the government of the Rhine District of Bavaria (later called the Bavarian Palatinate), and remains so until the end of World War II.
In 1861, Albert Edward was introduced to Alexandra by Crown Princess Victoria.
Between 1883 and 1904, the Memorial Church is built in remembrance of the Protestation of 1529.
In 1947, the State Academy of Administrative Science is founded (later renamed German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer[6]).
In 1990, Speyer celebrates its 2000th anniversary.
^"ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
^Simon Schama, The History of the Jews, Vintage Books 2014 p.298
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Spires" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 694.
^"Städtepartnerschaften". speyer.de (in German). Speyer. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Speyer.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Speyer.
the town website (partly in English)
Historical Museum of the Palatinate (in English)
dom-speyer.de website of Speyer Cathedral (in German)
Explore the ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
Model Map of Medieval Speyer
Technical (Transport) Museum
www.speyer.de: living history in past times
www.speyer-tour.de: Guided tours through Speyer
January 26, 2023
speyer, other, uses, disambiguation, german, pronunciation, ˈʃpaɪ, listen, older, spelling, speier, french, spire, historical, english, spires, palatine, german, schbaija, city, rhineland, palatinate, germany, with, approximately, inhabitants, located, left, b. For other uses see Speyer disambiguation Speyer German pronunciation ˈʃpaɪ ɐ listen older spelling Speier French Spire historical English Spires Palatine German Schbaija is a city in Rhineland Palatinate in Germany with approximately 50 000 inhabitants Located on the left bank of the river Rhine Speyer lies 25 km 16 miles south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim and 21 km 13 miles south west of Heidelberg Founded by the Romans it is one of Germany s oldest cities Speyer Cathedral a number of other churches and the Altportel old gate dominate the Speyer landscape In the cathedral beneath the high altar are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings SpeyerTownView from the Altportel tower over Maximilianstrasse towards the cathedral s west facadeFlagCoat of armsLocation of SpeyerSpeyerShow map of GermanySpeyerShow map of Rhineland PalatinateCoordinates 49 19 10 N 8 25 52 E 49 31944 N 8 43111 E 49 31944 8 43111 Coordinates 49 19 10 N 8 25 52 E 49 31944 N 8 43111 E 49 31944 8 43111CountryGermanyStateRhineland PalatinateDistrictUrban districtSubdivisions4 StadtteileGovernment Lord mayor 2018 26 Stefanie Seiler 1 SPD Area Total42 58 km2 16 44 sq mi Elevation92 m 302 ft Population 2021 12 31 2 Total50 565 Density1 200 km2 3 100 sq mi Time zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST Postal codes67346Dialling codes06232Vehicle registrationSPWebsitewww speyer deThe city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer One of the ShUM cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during the Middle Ages Speyer and its Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Timeline 2 Main sights 3 Transportation 4 Mayors 5 Twin towns sister cities 6 Notable people 6 1 Born before 1900 6 2 Born after 1900 7 See also 8 Notes 9 External linksHistory EditFree Imperial City of SpeyerReichsstadt Speyer1294 1792StatusFree Imperial City of the Holy Roman EmpireCapitalSpeyerCommon languagesPalatine GermanGovernmentRepublicHistorical eraMiddle Ages Foundedca 10 BC Gained Reichsfreiheit1294 Speyer Diet confirms Edict of Worms19 April 1529 Protestation at Speyer20 April 1529 Town razed by France1688 Annexed by France1792 Annexed to Bavaria1816 1792 Rhenish Palatinate merged into Rheinland Pfalz10 August 1946Preceded by Succeeded by Bishopric of Speyer Mont Tonnerre Main article History of Speyer Main street in Speyer with the Speyer Cathedral in the background The first known names were Noviomagus and Civitas Nemetum after the Teutonic tribe Nemetes settled in the area The name Spira is first recorded in the 7th century taken from villa Spira a Frankish settlement situated outside of Civitas Nemetum Timeline Edit In 10 BC the first Roman military camp is established situated between the town hall and the episcopal palace In AD 150 the town appears as Noviomagus on the world map of the Greek geographer Ptolemy In 346 a bishop for the town is mentioned for the first time 4th century Civitas Nemetum appears on the Peutinger Map 5th century Civitas Nemetum is destroyed 7th century the town is re established and named Spira after a nearby Frankish settlement In 1030 emperor Conrad II starts the construction of Speyer Cathedral today one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Also in the 11th century the first city wall is built In 1076 emperor Henry IV embarks from Speyer his favourite town for Canossa In 1084 establishment of the first Jewish community in Speyer In 1096 as Count Emicho s Crusader army rages across the Rhineland slaughtering Jewish communities Speyer s Bishop John with the local leader Yekutiel ben Moses manages to secure the community s members inside the episcopal palace and later leads them to even stronger fortifications outside the town It was ruled that anyone harming a Jew would have his hands chopped off 4 In 1294 the bishop loses most of his previous rights and from now on Speyer is a Free Imperial Town of the Holy Roman Empire In 1349 the Jewish community of Speyer is wiped out Between 1527 and 1689 Speyer is the seat of the Imperial Chamber Court 5 In 1526 at the Diet of Speyer 1526 interim toleration of Lutheran teaching and worship is decreed In 1529 at the Diet of Speyer 1529 the Lutheran states of the empire protest against the anti Reformation resolutions 19 April 1529 Protestation at Speyer hence the term Protestantism In 1635 Marshal of France Urbain de Maille Breze together with Jacques Nompar de Caumont duc de La Force conquers Heidelberg and Speyer at the head of the Army of Germany In 1689 the town is heavily damaged by French troops Between 1792 and 1814 Speyer is under French jurisdiction after the Battle of Speyer In 1816 Speyer becomes the seat of administration of the Palatinate and of the government of the Rhine District of Bavaria later called the Bavarian Palatinate and remains so until the end of World War II In 1861 Albert Edward was introduced to Alexandra by Crown Princess Victoria Between 1883 and 1904 the Memorial Church is built in remembrance of the Protestation of 1529 In 1947 the State Academy of Administrative Science is founded later renamed German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer 6 In 1990 Speyer celebrates its 2000th anniversary Main sights Edit View of the river Rhine from the top of the Speyer Cathedral View of Speyer from its cathedral Cathedral Altportel Old Town Gate Gedachtniskirche Memorial church Dreifaltigkeitskirche Trinity church Jewish courtyard Judenhof Speyer remnants of medieval synagogue and intact mikve UNESCO World Heritage Site 7 Technikmuseum Speyer Transportation Museum Historical Museum of the PalatinateTransportation EditSpeyer lies on the Schifferstadt Worth railway and offers hourly connections to Mannheim and Karlsruhe Mayors EditSince 1923 the mayor was a Lord Mayor 8 Philipp Lichtenberger 1855 1918 1904 1911 Ernst Hertrich 1911 1914 first full time mayor Otto Moericke 1880 1965 1917 1919 Karl Leiling 1919 1943 Rudolf Trampler 1898 1974 1943 1945 Karl Leiling 1945 1946 Hans Hettinger 1946 Paul Schaefer 1946 1949 Paulus Skopp 1905 1999 1949 1969 Christian Rosskopf born 1930 1969 1995 Werner Schineller born 1948 1995 2010 Hansjorg Eger born 1964 2011 2018 Stefanie Seiler born 1983 since 2018 Twin towns sister cities EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany Speyer is twinned with 9 Spalding United Kingdom since 1956 Chartres France since 1959 Kursk Russia since 1989 Ravenna Italy since 1989 Gniezno Poland since 1992 Yavne Israel since 1998 Rusizi District Rwanda since 1982 2001 Ningde China since 2013Notable people EditBorn before 1900 Edit Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt Wilhelm Meyer around 1895 Anselm Feuerbach Self portrait 1873 Hermann Detzner 1921 Samuel of Speyer after 1096 death unknown Exeget of Torah and Midrash Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg 1140 1217 scribe and philosopher Julian of Speyer before 1225 1250 medieval choir master composer and poet from the Order of the Franciscans Gabriel Biel 1415 1495 scholastic philosopher Dietrich Gresemund 1477 1512 author Georg von Speyer 1500 1540 conquistador Egon VIII of Furstenberg Heiligenberg 1588 1635 Reichsgraf of Furstenberg Heiligenberg Johann Joachim Becher 1635 1682 German physician alchemist precursor of chemistry scholar and adventurer Moritz Georg Weidmann 1658 1693 publisher and bookseller Adolf von Dalberg 1678 1737 Prince of Fulda Simha of Speyer 13th century German rabbi and tosafist He was one of the leading signatories of the Takkanot Shum Philipp Hieronymus Brinckmann 1709 1760 landscape and historical painters as well as copper cutters Johann Martin Bernatz 1802 1878 landscape painter Anselm Feuerbach 1829 1880 German painter Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt 1832 1902 German physician Henry Villard 1835 1900 German American journalist Hermann von Stengel 1837 1919 Bavarian Administrative Officer Wilhelm Meyer philologist 1845 1917 classical philologist mediavist and librarian Karl Heinrich Emil Becker 1879 1940 general of the artillery ballist and defense scientist Hans Purrmann 1880 1966 painter graphic artist art writer and collector Hermann Detzner 1882 1970 leader of the German Schutztruppe in German New Guinea Karl Adolf Hollidt 1891 1985 Army officer Generaloberst and war criminal George Waldbott 1898 1982 German American physicianBorn after 1900 Edit George John Dasch 1903 1992 WWII spy who foiled terrorist attacks in the U S by Nazi Germany Jakob Brendel 1907 1964 wrestler Karl Haas 1913 2005 German American music educator and radio presenter Helmut Bantz 1921 2004 gymnast Alfred Cahn 1922 2016 German musician and composer Edgar E Stern born 1926 clinical social worker and author of The Peppermint Train Journey to a German Jewish Childhood Gabriel Kney born 1929 Canadian organ builder Karl Hochreither 1933 2018 German organist and musicologist Volker Straus 1936 2002 German tonmeister Jurgen Brecht born 1940 fencer Wolf Frobenius 1940 2011 musicologist Gerhard Vollmer born 1943 physicist and philosopher Jurgen Creutzmann born 1945 politician FDP Hans Joachim Lang born 1951 journalist Germanist historian and honorary professor Axel Schimpf born 1952 Vice Admiral of the German Navy Eberhard Bosslet born 1953 artist Kay Friedmann born 1963 footballer Markus Kranz born 1969 football player Christoph Bechmann born 1971 German field hockey player Anke Vondung born 1972 opera singer Ralf Schmitt born 1977 football player Simone Weiler born 1978 swimmer Jochen Kuhner born 1980 rower Martin Kuhner born 1980 rower Matthias Langkamp born 1984 football player Christian Reif born 1984 long jumper David McCray born 1986 basketball player Florian Krebs born 1988 football player Sebastian Langkamp born 1988 footballer Lars Stindl born 1988 German footballer Elias Harris born 1989 German international basketball player Jonas Marz born 1989 footballer Gianluca Korte born 1990 footballer Raffael Korte born 1990 footballerSee also EditTechnikmuseum Speyer German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer Speyer line History of the Jews in Speyer ShapiroNotes Edit Wahl der Oberburgermeister der kreisfreien Stadte Landeswahlleiter Rheinland Pfalz accessed 30 July 2021 Bevolkerungsstand 2021 Kreise Gemeinden Verbandsgemeinden in German Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland Pfalz 2022 ShUM Sites of Speyer Worms and Mainz UNESCO World Heritage Centre United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization Retrieved 8 October 2022 Simon Schama The History of the Jews Vintage Books 2014 p 298 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Spires Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 694 German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer Centre UNESCO World Heritage ShUM Sites of Speyer Worms and Mainz UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 2022 04 14 Der Kaiserdom zu Speyer Startseite Stadtepartnerschaften speyer de in German Speyer Retrieved 2019 11 28 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Speyer Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Speyer speyer de the town website partly in English museum speyer de Historical Museum of the Palatinate in English dom speyer de website of Speyer Cathedral in German Explore the ShUM Sites of Speyer Worms and Mainz in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture Model Map of Medieval Speyer Speyer its cathedral and the library of its chapter Technical Transport Museum www speyer de living history in past times www speyer tour de Guided tours through Speyer City overview and photos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Speyer amp oldid 1127538129, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
