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The Ward, Toronto

The Ward (formally St. John's Ward) was a neighbourhood in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Many new immigrants first settled in the neighbourhood; it was at the time widely considered a slum.[1]

Looking south from the centre of St. John's Ward at Albert Street (Dundas Street) and Elizabeth Street. c. 1930

It was bounded by College, Queen, and Yonge Streets and University Avenue, and was centred on the intersection of Terauley (now Bay) and Albert Streets.

Population Edit

 
A Yiddish butcher shop sign in the Ward, circa 1910

For several decades of the late 19th and early 20th century, it was a highly dense mixed-used neighbourhood where successive waves of new immigrants would initially settle before establishing themselves. Characterized by authorities in the 19th century as a slum, it was the home of refugees from the European Revolutions of 1848, the Great Famine of Ireland, the Underground Railroad, and then refugees from Russia and Eastern Europe. It was the centre of the city's Jewish community from the late 19th century until the 1920s when the Jewish community moved west to Spadina Avenue and Kensington Market and was also, until the late 1950s, the home of the city's original Chinatown, of many of the city's original Black residents centred on the British Methodist Episcopal Church, at 94 Chestnut Street, and of the city's Italian community until it moved west along College Street to Little Italy. The city's Polish, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, and numerous other non-Anglo-Saxon immigrants first established themselves in The Ward.

Today, the area is considered a part of what the City of Toronto now calls the Discovery District, the area having been consumed by the central business district. The old neighbourhood has not wholly disappeared. The short restaurant strip on the south side of Dundas Street between University Avenue and Bay Street still retains many buildings which were part of the Ward. The building in the right of the lead photograph in this article is still standing at Dundas and Elizabeth (it is now home to a Japanese restaurant). The YWCA at 87 Elm Street was originally the Toronto House of Industry, a workhouse established in the centre of the Ward in 1848 to serve impoverished residents. Also, a small group of row houses still stands on Elm Street just west of Bay Street, on the south side - possibly the last surviving remnant of the ward's residential character. The area was officially known as St. John's Ward,[2] one of the municipal wards that the city was divided into in the 19th century, but it quickly became known simply as "The Ward".[3]

History Edit

Pre-colonialism Edit

The site where the Ward existed is the territory of the Huron-Wendat and Petun First Nations, the Seneca, and most recently, the Mississaugas of the Credit River (Ontario First Nations Maps, 2016).[4] The area was also home to the Taddle Creek. Now a buried lake, it would have been a significant gathering spot for Indigenous people.[5]

1800s Edit

The first settler at the area was James Macaulay. He was granted 100 acres of land and divided up the land for houses. The area was named Macaulaytown in his honour. By 1834, the town was absorbed by the city and was renamed St. John's Ward. The house prices were fairly low and the town was considered a pleasant working-class neighbourhood.[5]

In the 1830s, Thornton Blackburn—an African American fugitive slave—began acquiring several properties in the neighbourhood.[2] Blackburn also provided recently arrived fugitive slaves with inexpensive housing. By 1850, many Black families settled in The Ward; five years later, the total Black population grew to 539.[6][7]

The earliest Jewish settlers in Toronto had come from Britain, the United States, or Western Europe. With only a few hundred Jewish citizens in the city, they settled in several neighbourhoods and mostly integrated with the rest of the city. In the 1890s, an influx of Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe began arriving in Toronto. For the several thousand new arrivals, mostly impoverished and unable to speak English, the densely packed houses of The Ward became their new community.

The Ward was also home to Toronto's first Chinatown as Chinese railway workers settled along York and Elizabeth Streets north of Union Station.

1900s Edit

 
The Ward, 1910

The development of the neighbourhood caused much consternation in Toronto, including anti-Semitic riots and government clearance efforts. In 1909, 8 acres (0.032 km2) of The Ward were demolished to build the Toronto General Hospital. The neighbourhood also began to change in character. As the Jewish immigrants became more settled, they moved westwards to the Kensington Market area and the Ward increasingly became a centre for Italian immigrants, who were then arriving in great numbers.[8] Son to Italian immigrants, Johnny Lombardi was born in The Ward in 1915, and went on to found one of the first multilingual radio stations in Canada, CHIN in 1966.[9][10] By the 1920s, most Italians had moved west of Bathurst Street and the College-Clinton area had emerged as the city's major Little Italy.[11] By the Second World War, the Ward had become Toronto's first Chinatown. Central Neighbourhood House was established in 1911 as a settlement house to assist new immigrants in the Ward.

In 1911, the City of Toronto's Department of Health began an investigation into the Ward. This was initially resisted by the Toronto City Hall, but was eventually overturned by then-newly appointed Medical Officer of Health, Dr. Charles Hastings who commissioned the in-depth study.[12] The 1911 report detailed over 5, 000 homes that contained various health risks, from leaky roofs and peeling wallpaper to overflowing outdoor privies. A section in the report described the severity of overcrowding, due to both a housing shortage and subdivisions by landlords to extract the most money. It was common for the houses in the Ward to have six or more people share a single, "filth-ridden" room, and for families to build houses in their backyard to fit more people.[5] The shocking report gave rise to various reforms for the Ward that can be seen as bitter sweet: While the response to the report birthed stricter housing regulations, food safety measures and education programs,[12] the report also resulted in the livelihoods of the individuals and the communities in the Ward to be dispersed.[4]

 
Jewish missionary Henry Singer in the Ward.

From the 1920s the Ward was slowly demolished as land was expropriated for office towers and hotels, and, most prominently, the first Chinatown, centred on Elizabeth Street, was expropriated in the 1950s to make way for Nathan Phillips Square, named after a mayor of Toronto. Most businesses there moved West to establish what is now considered the "old" Chinatown, centred at Spadina Avenue and Dundas Street. For many decades, the area was almost wholly commercial and institutional, but recent years have seen a return of residents to what used to be the Ward, with multiple condominium towers being erected in the area.

Notable people Edit

  • Thornton Blackburn – an African American fugitive slave who started Toronto's first taxicab company[13]
  • George Ethelbert Carter – the first Canadian-born black judge[14]
  • Rev. Thomas Henry Jackson – one of the last Ministers of the British Methodist Episcopal Church on 94 Chestnut St[15]
  • Johnny Lombardi – an Italian Canadian who founded one of the first multilingual radio stations in Canada, CHIN, in 1966[9][10]
  • Edward Lye - a cabinet maker in England who turned into an organ-builder in Toronto, founded the Lye Organ Company[16]
  • Edward and Donna Pasquale - Italian immigrant couple who founded Pasquale Brothers, a specialty food store, now known today as Unico[17]
  • William C. Wong – a Chinese Canadian activist who advocated for the rights of the Chinese-Canadian community[18]

References Edit

  1. ^ Bateman, Chris (June 30, 2012). "A brief history of The Ward, Toronto's notorious slum". BlogTO.
  2. ^ a b Escaped slaves helped build T.O.
  3. ^ Introduction
  4. ^ a b "About the Ward - The Ward Museum". Ward Museum. 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Sylvester, Erin (September 6, 2017). "Walking the Ward". Torontoist.
  6. ^ Underground Railroad Exhibit: Teacher Resources - Backgrounder to UGRR - Lesson Plan One 2005-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Reverend Mitchell Harriet Tubman Institute. Accessed on February 28, 2016.
  8. ^ Zucchi, p. 36.
  9. ^ a b . CTV News. 19 March 2002. Archived from the original on 2005-12-04. Retrieved 2010-04-11. Prime Minister Jean Chretien praised Lombardi's accomplishments upon hearing of his death. "I think he's done a lot to establish multiculturalism in Toronto and he will be missed by a lot of people," Chretien said.
  10. ^ a b "Johnny Lombardi". www.chinradio.com.
  11. ^ Sturino, Franc (1990). Forging the chain: a case study of Italian migration to North America, 2000-1930. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario. p. 168. ISBN 0-919045-45-6.
  12. ^ a b Plummer, Kevin (March 3, 2013). "Toronto Feature: The Ward". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  13. ^ Zettler, Melanie (February 26, 2020). "Black History Month: Thronton and Lucie Blackburn created Toronto's first taxi company". Global News.
  14. ^ Treleaven, Sarah (March 14, 2011). "The Making of a Judge: George Carter, the first Canadian-born black judge in the country, worked as train porter to pay his tuition". University of Toronto Magazine.
  15. ^ "Community: Safe, Supportive and Inclusive Spaces: The Life Story of Rev. Thomas Henry Jackson". Toronto Ward Museum. 2020.
  16. ^ Conliffe, Christopher; Hayes, Florence; Wardrop, Patricia (December 16, 2013). "Lye Organ Company". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  17. ^ Keung, Nicholas (December 5, 2016). "Pasquale Brothers immigrant family store to celebrate 100 years in Toronto". The Star.
  18. ^ "Citizenship & The Right To Belong: The Life Story of William C. Wong". Toronto Ward Museum. 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020.

External links Edit

  • - Toronto's First Synagogues - Dr. Stephen Speisman
  • Historicist: Forgotten Urban Squalor of The Ward

43°39′22″N 79°23′02″W / 43.656°N 79.384°W / 43.656; -79.384

ward, toronto, ward, formally, john, ward, neighbourhood, central, toronto, ontario, canada, 19th, early, 20th, centuries, many, immigrants, first, settled, neighbourhood, time, widely, considered, slum, looking, south, from, centre, john, ward, albert, street. The Ward formally St John s Ward was a neighbourhood in central Toronto Ontario Canada in the 19th and early 20th centuries Many new immigrants first settled in the neighbourhood it was at the time widely considered a slum 1 Looking south from the centre of St John s Ward at Albert Street Dundas Street and Elizabeth Street c 1930It was bounded by College Queen and Yonge Streets and University Avenue and was centred on the intersection of Terauley now Bay and Albert Streets Contents 1 Population 2 History 2 1 Pre colonialism 2 2 1800s 2 3 1900s 3 Notable people 4 References 5 External linksPopulation Edit nbsp A Yiddish butcher shop sign in the Ward circa 1910For several decades of the late 19th and early 20th century it was a highly dense mixed used neighbourhood where successive waves of new immigrants would initially settle before establishing themselves Characterized by authorities in the 19th century as a slum it was the home of refugees from the European Revolutions of 1848 the Great Famine of Ireland the Underground Railroad and then refugees from Russia and Eastern Europe It was the centre of the city s Jewish community from the late 19th century until the 1920s when the Jewish community moved west to Spadina Avenue and Kensington Market and was also until the late 1950s the home of the city s original Chinatown of many of the city s original Black residents centred on the British Methodist Episcopal Church at 94 Chestnut Street and of the city s Italian community until it moved west along College Street to Little Italy The city s Polish Ukrainian Lithuanian and numerous other non Anglo Saxon immigrants first established themselves in The Ward Today the area is considered a part of what the City of Toronto now calls the Discovery District the area having been consumed by the central business district The old neighbourhood has not wholly disappeared The short restaurant strip on the south side of Dundas Street between University Avenue and Bay Street still retains many buildings which were part of the Ward The building in the right of the lead photograph in this article is still standing at Dundas and Elizabeth it is now home to a Japanese restaurant The YWCA at 87 Elm Street was originally the Toronto House of Industry a workhouse established in the centre of the Ward in 1848 to serve impoverished residents Also a small group of row houses still stands on Elm Street just west of Bay Street on the south side possibly the last surviving remnant of the ward s residential character The area was officially known as St John s Ward 2 one of the municipal wards that the city was divided into in the 19th century but it quickly became known simply as The Ward 3 History EditPre colonialism Edit The site where the Ward existed is the territory of the Huron Wendat and Petun First Nations the Seneca and most recently the Mississaugas of the Credit River Ontario First Nations Maps 2016 4 The area was also home to the Taddle Creek Now a buried lake it would have been a significant gathering spot for Indigenous people 5 1800s Edit The first settler at the area was James Macaulay He was granted 100 acres of land and divided up the land for houses The area was named Macaulaytown in his honour By 1834 the town was absorbed by the city and was renamed St John s Ward The house prices were fairly low and the town was considered a pleasant working class neighbourhood 5 In the 1830s Thornton Blackburn an African American fugitive slave began acquiring several properties in the neighbourhood 2 Blackburn also provided recently arrived fugitive slaves with inexpensive housing By 1850 many Black families settled in The Ward five years later the total Black population grew to 539 6 7 The earliest Jewish settlers in Toronto had come from Britain the United States or Western Europe With only a few hundred Jewish citizens in the city they settled in several neighbourhoods and mostly integrated with the rest of the city In the 1890s an influx of Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe began arriving in Toronto For the several thousand new arrivals mostly impoverished and unable to speak English the densely packed houses of The Ward became their new community The Ward was also home to Toronto s first Chinatown as Chinese railway workers settled along York and Elizabeth Streets north of Union Station 1900s Edit nbsp The Ward 1910The development of the neighbourhood caused much consternation in Toronto including anti Semitic riots and government clearance efforts In 1909 8 acres 0 032 km2 of The Ward were demolished to build the Toronto General Hospital The neighbourhood also began to change in character As the Jewish immigrants became more settled they moved westwards to the Kensington Market area and the Ward increasingly became a centre for Italian immigrants who were then arriving in great numbers 8 Son to Italian immigrants Johnny Lombardi was born in The Ward in 1915 and went on to found one of the first multilingual radio stations in Canada CHIN in 1966 9 10 By the 1920s most Italians had moved west of Bathurst Street and the College Clinton area had emerged as the city s major Little Italy 11 By the Second World War the Ward had become Toronto s first Chinatown Central Neighbourhood House was established in 1911 as a settlement house to assist new immigrants in the Ward In 1911 the City of Toronto s Department of Health began an investigation into the Ward This was initially resisted by the Toronto City Hall but was eventually overturned by then newly appointed Medical Officer of Health Dr Charles Hastings who commissioned the in depth study 12 The 1911 report detailed over 5 000 homes that contained various health risks from leaky roofs and peeling wallpaper to overflowing outdoor privies A section in the report described the severity of overcrowding due to both a housing shortage and subdivisions by landlords to extract the most money It was common for the houses in the Ward to have six or more people share a single filth ridden room and for families to build houses in their backyard to fit more people 5 The shocking report gave rise to various reforms for the Ward that can be seen as bitter sweet While the response to the report birthed stricter housing regulations food safety measures and education programs 12 the report also resulted in the livelihoods of the individuals and the communities in the Ward to be dispersed 4 nbsp Jewish missionary Henry Singer in the Ward From the 1920s the Ward was slowly demolished as land was expropriated for office towers and hotels and most prominently the first Chinatown centred on Elizabeth Street was expropriated in the 1950s to make way for Nathan Phillips Square named after a mayor of Toronto Most businesses there moved West to establish what is now considered the old Chinatown centred at Spadina Avenue and Dundas Street For many decades the area was almost wholly commercial and institutional but recent years have seen a return of residents to what used to be the Ward with multiple condominium towers being erected in the area Notable people EditThornton Blackburn an African American fugitive slave who started Toronto s first taxicab company 13 George Ethelbert Carter the first Canadian born black judge 14 Rev Thomas Henry Jackson one of the last Ministers of the British Methodist Episcopal Church on 94 Chestnut St 15 Johnny Lombardi an Italian Canadian who founded one of the first multilingual radio stations in Canada CHIN in 1966 9 10 Edward Lye a cabinet maker in England who turned into an organ builder in Toronto founded the Lye Organ Company 16 Edward and Donna Pasquale Italian immigrant couple who founded Pasquale Brothers a specialty food store now known today as Unico 17 William C Wong a Chinese Canadian activist who advocated for the rights of the Chinese Canadian community 18 References Edit Bateman Chris June 30 2012 A brief history of The Ward Toronto s notorious slum BlogTO a b Escaped slaves helped build T O Introduction a b About the Ward The Ward Museum Ward Museum 2020 a b c Sylvester Erin September 6 2017 Walking the Ward Torontoist Underground Railroad Exhibit Teacher Resources Backgrounder to UGRR Lesson Plan One Archived 2005 05 27 at the Wayback Machine Reverend Mitchell Harriet Tubman Institute Accessed on February 28 2016 Zucchi p 36 a b Media legend Johnny Lombardi dies at 86 CTV News 19 March 2002 Archived from the original on 2005 12 04 Retrieved 2010 04 11 Prime Minister Jean Chretien praised Lombardi s accomplishments upon hearing of his death I think he s done a lot to establish multiculturalism in Toronto and he will be missed by a lot of people Chretien said a b Johnny Lombardi www chinradio com Sturino Franc 1990 Forging the chain a case study of Italian migration to North America 2000 1930 Toronto Multicultural History Society of Ontario p 168 ISBN 0 919045 45 6 a b Plummer Kevin March 3 2013 Toronto Feature The Ward The Canadian Encyclopedia Zettler Melanie February 26 2020 Black History Month Thronton and Lucie Blackburn created Toronto s first taxi company Global News Treleaven Sarah March 14 2011 The Making of a Judge George Carter the first Canadian born black judge in the country worked as train porter to pay his tuition University of Toronto Magazine Community Safe Supportive and Inclusive Spaces The Life Story of Rev Thomas Henry Jackson Toronto Ward Museum 2020 Conliffe Christopher Hayes Florence Wardrop Patricia December 16 2013 Lye Organ Company The Canadian Encyclopedia Retrieved April 4 2020 Keung Nicholas December 5 2016 Pasquale Brothers immigrant family store to celebrate 100 years in Toronto The Star Citizenship amp The Right To Belong The Life Story of William C Wong Toronto Ward Museum 2020 Retrieved April 4 2020 External links Edit Toronto s First Synagogues Dr Stephen Speisman Historicist Forgotten Urban Squalor of The Ward 43 39 22 N 79 23 02 W 43 656 N 79 384 W 43 656 79 384 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title The Ward Toronto amp oldid 1160601726, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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