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Doraemon

January 07, 2023

This article is about the media franchise. For the title character, see Doraemon (character). For other uses, see Doraemon (disambiguation).

Doraemon (Japanese: ドラえもん [doɾaemoɴ]) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Fujiko F. Fujio. The manga was first serialized in December 1969, with its 1,345 individual chapters compiled into 45 tankōbon volumes and published by Shogakukan from 1970 to 1996. The story revolves around an earless robotic cat named Doraemon, who travels back in time from the 22nd century to aid a boy named Nobita Nobi.

Doraemon
First tankōbon volume cover, featuring Doraemon
ドラえもん
GenreComedy,[1] science fiction[2]
Manga
Written byFujiko F. Fujio
Published byShogakukan
English publisher
21st Century Publishing House (bilingual English-Chinese)
Shogakukan (bilingual)
Chingwin Publishing Group (bilingual English-Chinese)
ImprintTentōmushi Comics
MagazineCoroCoro Comic
and other Shogakukan children's magazines
DemographicChildren
Original runJanuary 1970
(first full story published) – June 23, 1996
Volumes45 (List of volumes)
Manga
Doraemon Plus
Written byFujiko F. Fujio
Published byShogakukan
ImprintTentōmushi Comics
DemographicChildren
Original runApril 25, 2005 – December 6, 2014
Volumes6 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Other manga
Other media

The manga spawned a media franchise. Three anime TV series have been adapted in 1973, 1979, and 2005. Additionally, Shin-Ei Animation has produced over forty animated films, including two 3D computer animated films, all of which are distributed by Toho. Various types of merchandise and media have been developed, including soundtrack albums, video games, and musicals. The manga series was licensed for an English language release in North America, via Amazon Kindle, by a collaboration of Fujiko F. Fujio Pro with Voyager Japan and AltJapan Co., Ltd. The anime series was licensed by Disney for an English-language release in North America in 2014, and LUK International in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

Doraemon was well-received by critics and became a hit in many Asian countries. It won numerous awards, including the Japan Cartoonists Association Award in 1973 and 1994, the Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga in 1982, and the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize in 1997. As of 2019, it has sold over 250 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling manga series in history. Doraemon is also one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time, of which the animated film series has the highest number of admissions in Japan. The Doraemon character has been viewed as a Japanese cultural icon, and was appointed as the first "anime ambassador" in 2008 by the country's Foreign Ministry.

Synopsis

See also: List of Doraemon characters

Nobita Nobi is a ten-year-old Japanese school boy, who is kind-hearted and honest, but also lazy, unlucky, weak, gets bad grades and is bad at sports. One day, a robot cat from the 22nd century named Doraemon is sent back to the past by Nobita's descendants to take care of Nobita so that his descendants can have a better life. Doraemon has a four-dimensional pouch in which he stores tools, inventions, and gadgets from the future to aid Nobita whenever he is faced with a problem. Although Doraemon is a cat robot, he has a fear of mice because of an incident where robotic mice chewed off his ears. This is why Doraemon lost his original yellow color and turned blue, from sadness.

Nobita has three main friends: Takeshi Goda (nicknamed Gian), Suneo Honekawa (Gian's sidekick), and Shizuka Minamoto, Nobita's best friend and love-interest. Gian is a strong, leading and domineering boy, but also loyal to his friends. Suneo is a wealthy and spoiled boy who uses his friendship with Gian to win the respect of other schoolmates. Shizuka is a gentle and kind girl who frequently plays with Nobita. Nobita has a crush on Shizuka; she is his prospective future wife (Nobita's future wife is initially Gian's younger sister). Although Gian and Suneo are Nobita's friends, they also typically bully and abuse him. Nobita normally responds by using Doraemon's gadgets to fight back against them, but Nobita has a tendency to get carried away with using the gadgets (or Gian and Suneo, if they steal it away), which typically results in unintended consequences for him and others.

In addition to Gian, Suneo, and Shizuka, Dorami and Hidetoshi Dekisugi (common name Dekisugi) are also recurring characters. Dorami is Doraemon's younger sister, and Dekisugi is a gifted student boy who as Shizuka's close friend, frequently attracts the jealousy of Nobita.

Creation and conception

Development and themes

Doraemon is written and illustrated by Fujiko F. Fujio, the pen name of Japanese manga artist Hiroshi Fujimoto.[3][4][5] According to Fujio, it was originally conceived following a series of three events: when searching for ideas for a new manga, he wished a machine existed that would come up with ideas for him, he tripped over his daughter's toy, and heard cats fighting in his neighborhood.[6] To set up the plot and characters, he inspired some elements from his earlier manga series, Obake no Q-Tarō, which involve an obake living with humans, with a similar formula.[7] Fujio said that the idea for Doraemon came after "an accumulation of trial and error", during which he finally found the most suitable style of manga to him.[8] Initially, the series achieved little success as gekiga was well-known at the time, and only became a hit after its adaptation into an anime TV series and multiple feature films.[7]

Doraemon is mainly aimed at children, so Fujio chose to create the character with a simple graphic style, based on shapes such as circles and ellipses.[9] He used the same sequences of cartoons with regularity and continuity to enhance the reader's ease of understanding. In addition, blue, a characteristic color of Doraemon, was chosen as the main color in magazine publications, which used to have a yellow cover and red title.[10] Set in Tokyo, the manga reflected parts of Japan's society, such as the class system and the "ideal" of Japanese childhood.[11][12] Problems, if occur, were resolved in a way so as not to rely on violence and eroticism,[13] and the stories were integrated with the concept of environmentalism.[14] The manga also insisted on the ethical values of integrity, perseverance, courage, family and respect.[15]

In order to underline the crucial role of the young generation in society, the manga's creator chose to have the act carried out in a "children's domain" where young people can live with happiness, freedom and power without adult's interference.[16] As Saya S. Shiraishi noted, the existence of the "domain" helped Doraemon to have a strong appeal in various Asian countries.[16] During Doraemon's development, Fujio did not express a change in characters; he said, "When a manga hero become a success, the manga suddenly stops being interesting. So the hero has to be like the stripes on a barber pole; he seems to keep moving upward, but actually he stays in the same place."[17]

According to Zensho Ito, Fujio's former student, the "length" of time in the universe is one of the ideas that inspired Fujio to make Doraemon.[18] Frequently occur in its stories is Nobita's desire to control time, and there exist time-control gadgets that he uses to satisfy that desire, particularly the "Time Machine", which lies in his desk drawer.[19] Unlike Western works on science fiction, the manga did not explain the theory nor the applied technology behind these tools, but instead focusing on how the characters exploit their advantages, making it more children-friendly.[20]

Origin of the name

The name "Doraemon" can be roughly translated to "stray". Unusually, the name "Doraemon" (ドラえもん) is written in a mixture of two Japanese scripts: Katakana (ドラ) and Hiragana (えもん). "Dora" derives from "dora neko" (どら猫, stray cat), and is a corruption of nora (stray),[6] while "-emon" (in kanji 右衛門) is an old-fashioned suffix for male names (for example, as in Ishikawa Goemon).[21] Nobita's home address in Tsukimidai ("moon-view-heights"), Nerima refers to Fujimidai ("Fuji-view-heights"), where Osamu Tezuka's residence and animation studio is based.[11] The name "Nobita Nobi" refers to "nobi nobi", meaning "the way a young child grows up free, healthy, and happy, unrestrained in any sense".[11][22]

Gadgets

 
"Anywhere Door", a gadget in the manga series as seen in the Fujiko F. Fujio Museum

Gadgets, or "himitsu dōgu" (ひみつ道具), are Doraemon's tools from the future, usually used to help the characters. Fujio said that Doraemon has a total of 1,293 gadgets;[23] according to a 2004 analysis by Yasuyuki Yokoyama of Toyama University, there are 1,963 gadgets found in 1,344 sketches.[21] The most important gadgets include "Take-Copter", a small piece of headgear made out of bamboo that can allow its users to fly; "Time Machine", a machine used for time travel; "Anywhere Door", a pink-colored door that allows people to travel according to the thoughts of the person who turns the knob; "Time Kerchief", a handkerchief which can turn an object new or old or a person young or old; "Translator Tool", a cuboid jelly that allow one to converse in any language; and "Designer", a camera used to instantly dress-up the user.[21][24]

Saya S. Shiraishi wrote that most of the gadgets were "an impressive testimony to the standards of quality control and innovation that exist in the twenty-second century".[24] The gadgets were an essential part of the series so as to reflect a positive point of view about the association of technology in children, and to express the wishes of modern society.[25]

Conclusion

The series stopped publishing after Fujimoto's death in 1996, without an ending; this has aroused numerous urban legends throughout the years.[26] One of the most well-known "endings" of the manga was by an amateur manga cartoonist under the pen name "Yasue T. Tajima", first appeared on the Internet in 1998 and made up into a manga in 2005. The story takes place when Doraemon's battery dies, and Nobita later grows up becoming a robot engineer, potentially revive Doraemon and live a happy life. Tajima issued an apology in 2007, and the profits were shared with Shogakukan and the copyright owner, Fujiko F. Fujio Pro.[27]

Ryūichi Yagi and Takashi Yamazaki, the directors of Stand by Me Doraemon, confirmed that it had only one opening, while the ending has been rewritten several times.[28] Because of this, Shogakukan had to clarify that only if the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka is finalized will the mission be accomplished, and then Doraemon will return to the future.[26]

Media

Manga

See also: List of Doraemon chapters and List of Doraemon Plus chapters
 
The first appearance of Doraemon, who came via the time machine

In December 1969, the Doraemon manga appeared in six different children's monthly magazines published by Shogakukan: Yoiko, Yōchien, Shogaku Ichi-nensei, Shogaku Ni-nensei, Shogaku San-nensei, and Shogaku Yon-nensei. The magazines were aimed at children from nursery school to fourth grade. In 1973, two other magazines, Shogaku Go-nensei and Shogaku Roku-nensei (aimed at fifth-grade and sixth-grade students respectively), started publishing the manga. In 1977, CoroCoro Comic was launched as the flagship magazine of Doraemon.[29][30][31]

Since the debut of Doraemon in 1969, the stories have been selectively collected into forty-five tankōbon volumes that were published under Shogakukan's Tentōmushi Comics (てんとう虫コミックス) imprint from July 31, 1974 to April 26, 1996.[32][33] These volumes are collected in the Takaoka Central Library in Toyama, Japan, where Fujio was born.[34] Between April 25, 2005 and February 28, 2006, Shōgakukan published a series of five manga volumes under the title Doraemon Plus (Doraemon+), featuring short stories which did not appear in the forty-five original volumes;[35][36] a sixth volume, the first volume in eight years, was published on December 1, 2014.[37] Additionally, 119 unpublished stories were compiled into six colored-manga volumes under the title Doraemon Kara Sakuhin-shu (ドラえもん カラー作品集, Doraemon Color Works), published from July 17, 1999 to September 2, 2006.[10][38] Between July 24, 2009 and September 25, 2012, Shogakukan published a master works collection consisting of twenty volumes with all 1,345 stories written by Fujio.[39][40] In December 2019, on the 50th anniversary of Doraemon, a "Volume 0" was published by Shogakukan featuring six different versions of Doraemon's first appearance.[41]

There have been two series of bilingual, Japanese and English, volumes of the manga by SHOGAKUKAN ENGLISH COMICS under the title Doraemon: Gadget Cat from the Future, and two audio versions.[42][43] The first series has ten volumes and the second one has six.[42] 21st Century Publishing House released bilingual English-Chinese versions in Mainland China,[44] and Chingwin Publishing Group released bilingual English-Chinese versions in Taiwan.[45]

In July 2013, Fujiko F. Fujio Pro announced that they would be collaborating with ebook publisher Voyager Japan and localization company AltJapan Co., Ltd. to release an English-language version of the manga in full color digitally via the Amazon Kindle platform in North America.[46] Shogakukan released the first volume in November 2013;[47] as of 2016, a total of 200 volumes have been published.[47][48] This English version incorporates a variety of changes to character names; Nobita is "Noby", Shizuka is "Sue", Suneo is "Sneech", and Gian is "Big G", while dorayaki is "Yummy Bun/Fudgy Pudgy Pie".[49] Also, as of 2016, four volumes of the manga have been published in English in print by Shogakukan Asia.[50][51]

Shogakukan started digital distribution of all forty-five original volumes throughout Japan from July 16, 2015.[52]

Anime

See also: Doraemon (1973 TV series), Doraemon (1979 TV series), and Doraemon (2005 TV series)
 
International series logo, mainly used in Latin America

The first attempt of a Doraemon animated series was in 1973, by Nippon Television. After a January 1973 pilot named Doraemon Mirai Kara Yattekuru (ドラえもんが未来からやってくる, Doraemon Coming from the Future),[53] twenty-six episodes, each with two segments, were broadcast on Nippon TV from April 1 to September 30 of the same year.[54] The series was directed by Mitsuo Kaminashi with voice cast from Aoni Production; the character Doraemon was voiced by Kōsei Tomita, then later by Masako Nozawa.[55] Later in the series, the animation studio, Nippon TeleMovie Productions, went bankrupt, and the masters were sold off or destroyed.[56] The series was re-aired on Nippon TV and several local stations until 1979,[57][58] when Shogakukan requested Toyama Television to cease broadcasting.[59] Some of the segments were found in the archives of IMAGICA in 1995,[60] and some others were recovered by Jun Masami in 2003.[55] As of 2013, 21 of 52 segments have known to survive, two of which without audio.[61]

Doraemon remained fairly exclusive in manga form until 1979 when a newly formed animation studio, Shin-Ei Animation (now owned by TV Asahi) produced an animated second attempt of Doraemon.[4] The series, directed by Tsutomu Shibayama, aired on TV Asahi from April 2, 1979 to March 18, 2005.[62] Eiichi Nakamura served as director of photography[62] and character designer,[63] while Shunsuke Kikuchi was the composer.[62][64] Nobuyo Ōyama voiced Doraemon in the series; because of this, in Asia, this version is sometimes referred to as the Ōyama Edition.[65] In total, 1,787 episodes were produced and released in VHS and DVD by Toho.[66][67] Celebrating the anniversary of the franchise, a third Doraemon animated series, also produced by Shin-Ei Animation, began airing on TV Asahi on April 15, 2005, with new voice actors and staff, and updated character designs.[68] The third series is sometimes referred to in Asia as the Mizuta Edition, as a tribute for the voice actress for Doraemon, Wasabi Mizuta.[65] It was released in DVD on February 10, 2006 under the title New TV-ban Doraemon (NEW TV 版 ドラえもん, Doraemon NEW TV Version) with Shogakukan Video banner.[69][70]

In May 2014, TV Asahi Corporation announced an agreement with The Walt Disney Company to bring the 2005 series to the Disney XD television channel and Disney Channel in the United States beginning in the summer of that year.[71][72][73] Besides using the name changes that were used in AltJapan's English adaptation of the original manga, other changes and edits have also been made to make the show more relatable to an American audience, such as Japanese text being replaced with English text on certain objects like signs and graded papers, items such as yen notes being replaced by US dollar bills, and the setting being changed from Japan to the United States.[74] Initial response to the edited dub was positive.[75] The Disney adaptation began broadcast in Japan on Disney Channel from February 1, 2016. The broadcast offered the choice of the English voice track or a newly recorded Japanese track by the Japanese cast of the 2005 series.[76]

The anime has also been aired in over sixty countries worldwide.[77] It premiered in Thailand in 1982,[78] the Philippines in 1999,[79] India in 2005,[80] and Vietnam in 2010.[81][82] Other Asian countries that broadcast the series include China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and South Korea.[83] The series is licensed in EMEA regions by LUK International;[84] it premiered in Spain in 1993[85] and France in 2003.[86] It has also been distributed in South American countries, including Brazil,[87] Colombia,[88] and Chile.[89] In 2017, POPS Worldwide, a Vietnamese multimedia company, collaborated with TV Asahi to release the anime series on YouTube and other digital platforms.[90]

Feature films

Further information: List of Doraemon films

As of 2022, there have been 41 annual feature-length animated films produced by Shin-Ei Animation and released by Toho,[91] the most recent of which is Doraemon: Nobita's Little Star Wars 2021, which premiered in Japan on March 4, 2022.[92] The first twenty-five films are based on the 1979 anime, while the rest are based on the 2005 anime.[91] Unlike the anime and manga series, the films are more action-adventure oriented, taking the familiar characters of Doraemon and placing them in a variety of exotic and perilous settings.[93][94]

A 3D computer animated film, Stand by Me Doraemon, debuted in Japan on August 8, 2014.[95] Directed by Takashi Yamazaki and Ryūichi Yagi,[96] it combines elements from the short stories of the manga series: "All the Way from the Country of the Future", "Imprinting Egg", "Goodbye, Shizuka-chan", "Romance in Snowy Mountain", "Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding", and "Goodbye, Doraemon ..." into a new complete story, from the first time Doraemon came to Nobita's house to Doraemon bidding farewell to Nobita.[95][97] The film was a box office success, grossing $183.4 million worldwide.[98] A sequel, Stand by Me Doraemon 2, also directed by Yamazaki and Yagi, was released on November 20, 2020.[99]

Short films, OVA and crossover

Several Doraemon short films were produced and released between 1989 and 2004.[91] These include 2112: The Birth of Doraemon, a film about the life of Doraemon from birth before coming to Nobita;[100] Doraemon: Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding, a film about the events related to the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka;[101] The Day When I Was Born[102] and Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections,[103] the films about the relationship between Nobita and his parents along with his grandmother. Other short films focus on Dorami and the Doraemons.[91] In 1981, Toho released What Am I for Momotaro, a film about Momotarō, the hero of Japanese folklore.[104]

In 1994, an educational OVA was made, titled Doraemon: Nobita to Mirai Note (ドラえもん のび太と未来ノート), where the main characters express the hope for a better Earth. The OVA was released in DVD along with the 13th issue of Fujiko F. Fujio Wonderland magazine in September 2004.[105][106] A crossover episode of Doraemon with AIBOU: Tokyo Detective Duo aired on TV Asahi on November 9, 2018.[107]

Music

Further information: List of Doraemon soundtrack albums

The soundtrack of the 1973 anime series was composed by Nobuyoshi Koshibe,[55] who also arranged the opening theme song "Doraemon" (ドラえもん) and the ending theme song "Doraemon Rumba" (ドラえもん ルンバ), both performed by Harumi Naitō.[54] For the 1979 anime, Shunsuke Kikuchi was the composer, who arranged "Doraemon no Uta" (ドラえもんのうた);[54][64] it had been performed by numerous singers, including Kumiko Ōsugi and Satoko Yamano.[108] When the anime got a reboot in 2005, Kan Sawada was the composer of the series.[109][110] There are four other opening themes, including an instrumental version of "Doraemon no Uta" performed by Twelve Girls Band;[111] "Hagushichao" (ハグしちゃお) performed by Rimi Natsukawa;[112] "Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon" (夢をかなえてドラえもん), the opening theme broadcast from 2007 to 2018;[113] and "Doraemon" performed by Gen Hoshino, broadcast since October 2019.[114]

Numerous collections of theme songs of the anime series and feature films were initially available in cassettes.[115] Since the 1990s, Doraemon songs have been released in CD, under the type of singles and compilation albums.[116][117] Soundtracks of Doraemon feature films have been released by Nippon Columbia since 2001 in the album series "Doraemon Soundtrack History" (ドラえもんサウンドトラックヒストリー).[118][119][120]

Other

 
A plush Doraemon toy with a dorayaki, his favorite in-universe food.

Doraemon has been adapted into a musical, titled Doraemon the Musical: Nobita and the Animal Planet (舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星プラネット。, Butaiban Doraemon: Nobita to Animaru Puranetto). Based on the 1990 anime film of the same name, it debuted at Tokyo Metropolitan Art Space on September 4, 2008, running through September 14. Shoji Kokami was the director and writer, Makoto Sakamoto played Nobita and Reiko Suho as Shizuka; Jaian and Suneo were portrayed by Tomohiro Waki and Kensaku Kobayashi, respectively; Wasabi Mizuta voiced Doraemon.[121][122] The musical was later revived and ran at Sunshine Theater, Tokyo from March 26 to April 2, 2017,[123] then later in other prefectures including Fukuoka, Osaka, Miyagi, and Aichi.[124] The 2017 revival is also directed and written by Kokami,[125] with Mizuta reprising her role;[124] Nobita, Shizuka, Jaian, and Suneo were played by Yuuchi Ogoe, Hina Higuchi, Koki Azuma, and Shō Jinnai, respectively.[126]

Several spin-off manga series of Doraemon have been made. Doraemon Long Stories is a manga series consists of twenty-four tankōbon volumes published from 1983 to 2004, featuring longer and continuous narratives about the characters' adventures into various lands of science fiction and fantasy.[127][128] The Doraemons, a manga illustrated by Michiaki Tanaka based on Doraemon, was published by Shogakukan in six tankōbon volumes from 1996 to 2001.[129][130] Between 1997 and 2003, Shogakukan also published fifteen volumes of The Doraemons Special, created by Yukihiro Mitani and Masaru Miyazaki as a complement part of The Doraemons, including twelve from the main series[131][132] and three from the Robot Training School Edition.[133][134] Dorabase, a baseball-themed manga written and illustrated by Mugiwara Shintarō, is another spin-off of Doraemon; twenty-three volumes of the manga were published by Shogakukan from April 26, 2001 to October 28, 2011.[135][136] A parody of Doraemon created by Hikari Fujisaki, titled Nozoemon (のぞえもん), was first serialized in Nihon Bungeisha's Comic Heaven magazine in September 2014, with the compiled book volume released on June 9, 2015; however, it was discontinued in August 2015 due to content issues.[137]

Many Japanese-only video games based on Doraemon have been developed. For instance, in 1983, Bandai developed Dokodemo Dorayaki Doraemon (どこでも ドラヤキ ドラえもん), an arcade game inspired by Pac-Man.[138] Doraemon, a NES video game made by Hudson Soft, was released on December 12, 1986,[139] and became one of the best-selling games of that year in Japan with over 1.15 million copies sold.[140] On December 6, 2007, Sega published Doraemon Wii, the first Doraemon video game released on Wii.[141] Doraemon can also be seen in Namco's Taiko no Tatsujin rhythm game series, such as in Taiko no Tatsujin: Sesson de Dodon ga Don! (2017).[142] The first Doraemon game to receive a Western release was Doraemon Story of Seasons (2019).[143][144] Card games with Doraemon themes have also been made in several special occasions, sometimes to exploit the popularity of feature films.[145] In 2016, a special edition of Uno about the series' characters was released exclusively in Japan, as a result of a cooperation between Asatsu-DK and Mattel.[146]

Merchandise

In Japan, the Doraemon merchandising rights belong to Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions, which has produced and distributed a wide range of products under its brand, such as toys, food, stationery, action figures,[147] gashapon, shoes, clothing, and others.[148][149] Several companies have collaborated on the creation and distribution of products on the series and its characters, including Sanrio,[150] Converse,[151] Moleskine,[152] and ESP Guitars, which has made guitars decorated with Doraemon characters;[153] a further partnership of Doraemon with Uniqlo led to a line of clothing designed by Takashi Murakami.[154] The Doraemon franchise has also collaborated with various Japanese brands, including Tsi Groove & Sports's Jack Bunny!! golf apparel brand,[155][156][157] Unicharm's MamiPoko diaper brand,[158] and the video games LINE Pop 2,[159] Monster Strike,[160] and Granblue Fantasy.[161][162] Viz Media owns the Doraemon merchandising rights in North and Latin America,[1] which has developed Doraemon-themed clothing and collectibles in collaboration with retail chain Hot Topic,[163] and themed Happy Meals in a 2015 collaboration with McDonald's.[164] Viz Media Europe (now Crunchyroll EMEA) manages the merchandising in Europe except Spain and Portugal;[165] LUK International has obtained licenses in these two countries.[166]

Characters from Doraemon have been used in advertising through specific agreements with Shogakukan. For instance, following the Cool Japan initiative promoted by the Japanese government, Sharp Corporation produced a series of commercials featuring the characters of Doraemon and Nobita, which were broadcast in several ASEAN countries.[167] In late 2011, Shogakukan and Toyota Motor Corporation joined forces to create a series of live-action commercials as part of Toyota's ReBorn ad campaign, which depicted the manga's characters two decades after being grown up, where Hollywood actor Jean Reno played Doraemon.[168][169]

Reception

See also: List of non-Japanese Doraemon versions

General

Doraemon is considered one of the best-known manga of all time, a true Japanese cultural icon,[7] and an essential part of family life of the Japanese post-war generation.[148] Akihiro Motoyama observed that "mothers who watched the movies when they were children are now taking their own children to see them".[148][170] It was also commercially successful: over 108 million books were sold in Japan by 1996.[171] The 1979[170] and 2005 anime series[172] also achieved high ratings on television. With the film Doraemon: Nobita's Secret Gadget Museum, the Doraemon anime film series reached 100 million tickets sold at the Japanese box office, surpassing Godzilla as the highest-grossing film franchise in Japan.[173] By 2015, it had sold over 103 million tickets, and was the largest franchise by numbers of admissions in the country.[174]

Doraemon was also a hit in Asia in general, and was considered one of the typical cases of Japanese soft power,[175] although it was published without a license in some countries.[176] The anime television series is available in over 60 countries,[77] and reportedly getting high ratings in at least 30 countries.[177] However, Doraemon was less successful in Western countries, because it was viewed as a children-only series, and there were some tight restrictions about publishing manga and broadcasting anime series there.[178][179] The manga has sold over 170 million copies worldwide as of 2012,[180][181] and 250 million as of 2019.[182] Estimates show that Doraemon has generated at least more than $4.3 billion in merchandise sales by 2019,[a] and over $1.7 billion from anime feature films as of 2020,[193] making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.

Outside Japan, Doraemon achieved particular success in Vietnam,[194] with a record-breaking 40 million copies sold as of 2006.[195] The manga was first launched there in 1992 by Kim Đồng Publishing House, but the copyright from Shogakukan was not fully acquired until 1996.[196][197] In 1993, the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture considered the manga's publication to be "an impactful event for the improvement of children, youth and adult's likings ... [Doraemon] is a comprehensively educational book series which has the effect of developing children's personality".[196] Doraemon is now a cultural icon in Vietnam, having featured in many cultural events.[198][199]

Critical response and analysis

Doraemon received favorable reviews. Mark Schilling wrote, "For kids whose lives are often so regulated, Doraemon represents a welcome breath of freedom and a glimpse of a funnier, friendlier world where all dreams, even foolish ones, can come true."[200] Italian writer Massimo Nicora wrote that the manga "can be interpreted as a type of book that criticizes, with irony, the omnipotence of science that pretends to solve every problem with its tools", alluding to the fact that Doraemon's gadgets often end up making the problems even worse than they initially were, more than anything else. He added that it represents "the metaphor of the childish imagination, which always manages to find the most bizarre and original solutions, in a continuous game of transformation of reality".[201]

Some critics considered that Nobita's flawed personality and modest background is different from the special or extraordinary characteristics usually seen in other typical anime and manga protagonists; this portrayal has been seen as reasons of its appeal as well as the contrary, especially in the United States.[180][193] According to the Italian Parents Movement (Moige), in the manga, "the lazy Nobita does not know any kind of appreciable evolution", though there are still good points including "the criticism of bullying, the goodness that transpires from the little Nobita and the positive figure of Shizuka".[202]

In his 2000 article, Leo Ching explained that the success of Doraemon in Asia was because it had reflected the Asian values such as imagination and responsibility, the same reason that Oshin, another Japanese cultural export, became well-known there.[203] On the other hand, according to an analysis by Anne Allison, professor of cultural anthropology at Duke University, the strong point of it was not the variety of the gadgets, but the relationship between Doraemon and Nobita, which was particularly appreciated.[204] Jason Thompson praised the "silly situations" and "old fashioned, simple artwork", with Doraemon's expression and comments adding to the "surrounding elementary-school mischief".[43] On the manga's 50th anniversary, an op-ed published on Asahi Shimbun stated that the manga "has already become a contemporary classic".[205]

Awards, accolades and public recognition

Doraemon has received numerous accolades. It won the Japan Cartoonists Association Award twice in 1973 and 1994, the former for Excellence Award while the latter for Minister of Education, Science and Technology Award.[206][207] In 1982, it received the first Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga.[208][209] In 1997, the manga won the Grand Prize at the first Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize.[210] The 1979 series won the award from the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs four times for best television series in 1984, 1985, 1988 and 1989.[211]

A 2006 poll among 80,000 Japanese fans for the 10th anniversary of the Japan Media Arts Festival placed Doraemon at fifth among the top ten best manga of all time.[212] The 2005 and 2006 surveys conducted by TV Asahi found the Doraemon anime ranked fifth and third, respectively, among the 100 most favorite anime series of all time.[213][214] In 2010, a survey conducted by researchers of Tokyo Polytechnic University found that most responders considered Doraemon, along with Dragon Ball franchise, to be the anime series that represents Cool Japan.[215] In a 2013 survey, Doraemon was found to be the best anime recommended for foreign people.[216]

Controversies

Doraemon has been blamed for having a negative impact on children, due to the controversial traits of the characters in the anime. The character has received criticism in China, where some media outlets considered Doraemon to be a politically subversive character and that it was a tool of Japan's "cultural invasion".[217][218][219] In 2016, a resolution to ban Hindi dubbed Doraemon anime series was submitted in Pakistan.[220] Around the same time, legal notices were served against several companies in India, targeting Doraemon and Crayon Shin-chan for bans (which did not materialize), as having an adverse effect on children.[220][221] Disney Channel India, the regional broadcaster of the anime, was banned in Bangladesh and Pakistan citing non-availability of localized dubs for content including Doraemon.[222][223]

Cultural impact and legacy

 
Shuttle bus featuring Doraemon to Fujiko F. Fujio Museum in Kawasaki
 
Doraemon at National Museum of Singapore in October 2020

The Doraemon manga has inspired many other mangakas; these include Eiichiro Oda, the creator of One Piece with the idea of "Devil Fruits",[224][225] and Masashi Kishimoto, the creator of Naruto, who showed interest in drawing characters from anime shows during his childhood, including Doraemon.[226] The manga has also been mentioned in Gin Tama and Great Teacher Onizuka.[227][228] The character Doraemon is considered one of the cultural icons in Japan,[7][229] and one of the most well-known characters in manga history;[175] some critics compared his notability with Mickey Mouse and Snoopy.[230][231] Mark Schilling noted that Doraemon's "Take-Copter" is familiar among Japanese people "just as Snoopy's biplane is familiar to most Americans".[232]

On April 22, 2002, on the special issue of Asian Hero in Time magazine, Doraemon was the only anime character to be named one of the twenty-two Asian Heroes, and was described as "The Cuddliest Hero in Asia".[233] A 2007 poll by Oricon shown that Doraemon was the second-strongest manga character ever, behind only Son Goku of Dragon Ball.[234] Doraemon is also referred as something with the ability to satisfy all wishes.[201]

In 2005, the Taiwan Society of New York selected Doraemon as a culturally significant work of Japanese otaku pop-culture in its exhibit Little Boy: The Arts of Japan's Exploding Subculture, curated by renowned artist Takashi Murakami.[235] In 2008, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs appointed Doraemon as the first anime cultural ambassador;[236] a Ministry spokesperson explained the decision as an attempt to help people in other countries understand Japanese anime better and to deepen their interest in Japanese culture.[237] On September 3, 2012, Doraemon was granted official residence in the city of Kawasaki, Kanagawa, one hundred years before he was born.[238] In the same year, Hong Kong celebrated the birthday of Doraemon 100 years early with a series of displays of the character.[239] In April 2013, Doraemon was chosen as Japan's ambassador in Tokyo's bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics.[240] He appeared in the 2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony to promote the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.[241][242]

A Fujiko F. Fujio museum opened in Kawasaki on September 3, 2011, featuring Doraemon as the star of the museum.[243][244] The National Museum of Singapore held a time-travelling exhibition in October 2020 as a tribute to the manga.[245] After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Shogakukan released an earthquake survival guidebook, which included the main cast of the Doraemon manga series.[246] TV Asahi launched the Doraemon Fund charity fund to raise money for natural disasters in 2004,[247] and in 2011.[248] In 2020, Mumbai's Sion Friends Circle group distributed food and books to kids using mascots, one being Doraemon, to help during the COVID-19 pandemic.[249] In Vietnam, a Doraemon scholarship fund was established in 1996,[250] and the Doraemon character has been used for education of traffic safety.[251] Doraemon's creator, Fujiko F. Fujio, received the Culture Fighter Medal from the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture in 1996 for his contributions to young education through the manga.[252]

Many prominent figures have been nicknamed after the cast of Doraemon: politician Osamu Fujimura is known as the "Doraemon of Nagatacho" due to his figure and warm personality,[253] and sumo wrestler Takamisugi was nicknamed "Doraemon" because of his resemblance to the character.[254] In 2015, a group of people in a drought-affected village in northern Thailand used a Doraemon toy to complete a rain-ritual, in order to avoid controversies that would occur by using real animals.[255]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Doraemon licensed merchandise sales:
    • Royalties (1979–1994) – ¥15.3 billion ($153 million)[171]
    • Japan (1999–2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010) – ¥223.75 billion ($2.549 billion)[183]
      • 1999 – ¥84.21 billion[184]
      • 2000 – ¥50 billion[185]
      • 2003 – ¥30 billion[185]
      • 2005 – ¥24.96 billion[186]
      • 2007 – ¥17.6 billion[187]
      • 2010 – ¥16.98 billion[188]
    • Worldwide (2015–2016) – $1.108 billion
      • 2015 – $557 million[189]
      • 2016 – $551 million[189]
    • Japan (2018–2019) – ¥64.01 billion[190][191][192] ($587 million)

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  251. ^ Hoàng Sơn (January 9, 2020). "Phát động cuộc thi Doraemon với An toàn giao thông năm 2019-2020" [Doraemon and Traffic Safety 2019-2020 contest launched]. Công an nhân dân (in Vietnamese). from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  252. ^ Gia Hạ (October 21, 2016). [Fujiko F. Fujio: The artist from the future]. Zing (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  253. ^ . Asahi Shimbun. September 2, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
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Bibliography

  • Kenji, Andō (2008). 封印作品の憂鬱 [Melancholy among the Sealed Stories] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yōsensha. ISBN 978-4-86248-338-6.
  • Pelliteri, Marco (2008). Il drago e la saetta: modelli, strategie e identità dell'immaginario giapponese [The Dragon and the Lightning Bolt: Models, Strategies and Identity of the Japanese Imaginary] (in Italian). Latina: Tunué. ISBN 978-88-89613-35-1.
  • Peters, Jefferson M. (2002). "9. The Desire to Control Time in Doraemon and Japanese Culture". In Westfahl, Gary; Slusser, George; Leiby, David (eds.). Worlds Enough and Time: Explorations of Time in Science Fiction and Fantasy. Greenwood Press. pp. 103–111. ISBN 0-313-31706-2.
  • Schilling, Mark (2004). The Encyclopedia of Japanese Pop Culture. Weatherhill. ISBN 0-8348-0380-1.
  • Schodt, Frederik L. (1999). Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga. Stone Bridge Press. ISBN 1-880656-23-X.
  • Shiraishi, Saya S. (1997). "7. Japan's Soft Power: Doraemon Goes Overseas". In Shiraishi, Takashi; Katzenstein, Peter J. (eds.). Network Power: Japan and Asia. Cornell University Press. pp. 234–272. ISBN 0-8014-3314-2.
  • Shiraishi, Saya S. (2000). "16. Doraemon Goes Abroad". In Craig, Timothy J. (ed.). Japan Pop! Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture. M. E. Sharpe. pp. 287–308. ISBN 0-7656-0560-0.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Doraemon.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Doraemon.
  • Doraemon Official TV Asahi Website (in Japanese)
  • Doraemon Official US website
  • Doraemon Channel official website (in Japanese)
  • Doraemon (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia

January 07, 2023
doraemon, this, article, about, media, franchise, title, character, character, other, uses, disambiguation, japanese, ドラえもん, doɾaemoɴ, japanese, manga, series, written, illustrated, fujiko, fujio, manga, first, serialized, december, 1969, with, individual, cha. This article is about the media franchise For the title character see Doraemon character For other uses see Doraemon disambiguation Doraemon Japanese ドラえもん doɾaemoɴ is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Fujiko F Fujio The manga was first serialized in December 1969 with its 1 345 individual chapters compiled into 45 tankōbon volumes and published by Shogakukan from 1970 to 1996 The story revolves around an earless robotic cat named Doraemon who travels back in time from the 22nd century to aid a boy named Nobita Nobi DoraemonFirst tankōbon volume cover featuring DoraemonドラえもんGenreComedy 1 science fiction 2 MangaWritten byFujiko F FujioPublished byShogakukanEnglish publisherCN 21st Century Publishing House bilingual English Chinese JP Shogakukan bilingual NA Fujiko F Fujio ProSG Shogakukan AsiaTW Chingwin Publishing Group bilingual English Chinese ImprintTentōmushi ComicsMagazineCoroCoro Comicand other Shogakukan children s magazinesDemographicChildrenOriginal runJanuary 1970 first full story published June 23 1996Volumes45 List of volumes MangaDoraemon PlusWritten byFujiko F FujioPublished byShogakukanImprintTentōmushi ComicsDemographicChildrenOriginal runApril 25 2005 December 6 2014Volumes6 List of volumes Anime television series1973 anime series 1979 anime series 2005 anime seriesOther mangaDoraemon Long Stories 1980 2004 The Doraemons 1995 2003 Dorabase 2000 2014 Other mediaList of Doraemon films List of Doraemon video games List of Doraemon soundtrack albumsThe manga spawned a media franchise Three anime TV series have been adapted in 1973 1979 and 2005 Additionally Shin Ei Animation has produced over forty animated films including two 3D computer animated films all of which are distributed by Toho Various types of merchandise and media have been developed including soundtrack albums video games and musicals The manga series was licensed for an English language release in North America via Amazon Kindle by a collaboration of Fujiko F Fujio Pro with Voyager Japan and AltJapan Co Ltd The anime series was licensed by Disney for an English language release in North America in 2014 and LUK International in Europe the Middle East and Africa Doraemon was well received by critics and became a hit in many Asian countries It won numerous awards including the Japan Cartoonists Association Award in 1973 and 1994 the Shogakukan Manga Award for children s manga in 1982 and the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize in 1997 As of 2019 it has sold over 250 million copies worldwide becoming one of the best selling manga series in history Doraemon is also one of the highest grossing media franchises of all time of which the animated film series has the highest number of admissions in Japan The Doraemon character has been viewed as a Japanese cultural icon and was appointed as the first anime ambassador in 2008 by the country s Foreign Ministry Contents 1 Synopsis 2 Creation and conception 2 1 Development and themes 2 2 Origin of the name 2 3 Gadgets 2 4 Conclusion 3 Media 3 1 Manga 3 2 Anime 3 2 1 Feature films 3 2 2 Short films OVA and crossover 3 3 Music 3 4 Other 4 Merchandise 5 Reception 5 1 General 5 2 Critical response and analysis 5 3 Awards accolades and public recognition 5 4 Controversies 6 Cultural impact and legacy 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Notes 8 2 Citations 8 3 Bibliography 9 External linksSynopsis EditSee also List of Doraemon characters Nobita Nobi is a ten year old Japanese school boy who is kind hearted and honest but also lazy unlucky weak gets bad grades and is bad at sports One day a robot cat from the 22nd century named Doraemon is sent back to the past by Nobita s descendants to take care of Nobita so that his descendants can have a better life Doraemon has a four dimensional pouch in which he stores tools inventions and gadgets from the future to aid Nobita whenever he is faced with a problem Although Doraemon is a cat robot he has a fear of mice because of an incident where robotic mice chewed off his ears This is why Doraemon lost his original yellow color and turned blue from sadness Nobita has three main friends Takeshi Goda nicknamed Gian Suneo Honekawa Gian s sidekick and Shizuka Minamoto Nobita s best friend and love interest Gian is a strong leading and domineering boy but also loyal to his friends Suneo is a wealthy and spoiled boy who uses his friendship with Gian to win the respect of other schoolmates Shizuka is a gentle and kind girl who frequently plays with Nobita Nobita has a crush on Shizuka she is his prospective future wife Nobita s future wife is initially Gian s younger sister Although Gian and Suneo are Nobita s friends they also typically bully and abuse him Nobita normally responds by using Doraemon s gadgets to fight back against them but Nobita has a tendency to get carried away with using the gadgets or Gian and Suneo if they steal it away which typically results in unintended consequences for him and others In addition to Gian Suneo and Shizuka Dorami and Hidetoshi Dekisugi common name Dekisugi are also recurring characters Dorami is Doraemon s younger sister and Dekisugi is a gifted student boy who as Shizuka s close friend frequently attracts the jealousy of Nobita Creation and conception EditDevelopment and themes Edit Doraemon is written and illustrated by Fujiko F Fujio the pen name of Japanese manga artist Hiroshi Fujimoto 3 4 5 According to Fujio it was originally conceived following a series of three events when searching for ideas for a new manga he wished a machine existed that would come up with ideas for him he tripped over his daughter s toy and heard cats fighting in his neighborhood 6 To set up the plot and characters he inspired some elements from his earlier manga series Obake no Q Tarō which involve an obake living with humans with a similar formula 7 Fujio said that the idea for Doraemon came after an accumulation of trial and error during which he finally found the most suitable style of manga to him 8 Initially the series achieved little success as gekiga was well known at the time and only became a hit after its adaptation into an anime TV series and multiple feature films 7 Doraemon is mainly aimed at children so Fujio chose to create the character with a simple graphic style based on shapes such as circles and ellipses 9 He used the same sequences of cartoons with regularity and continuity to enhance the reader s ease of understanding In addition blue a characteristic color of Doraemon was chosen as the main color in magazine publications which used to have a yellow cover and red title 10 Set in Tokyo the manga reflected parts of Japan s society such as the class system and the ideal of Japanese childhood 11 12 Problems if occur were resolved in a way so as not to rely on violence and eroticism 13 and the stories were integrated with the concept of environmentalism 14 The manga also insisted on the ethical values of integrity perseverance courage family and respect 15 In order to underline the crucial role of the young generation in society the manga s creator chose to have the act carried out in a children s domain where young people can live with happiness freedom and power without adult s interference 16 As Saya S Shiraishi noted the existence of the domain helped Doraemon to have a strong appeal in various Asian countries 16 During Doraemon s development Fujio did not express a change in characters he said When a manga hero become a success the manga suddenly stops being interesting So the hero has to be like the stripes on a barber pole he seems to keep moving upward but actually he stays in the same place 17 According to Zensho Ito Fujio s former student the length of time in the universe is one of the ideas that inspired Fujio to make Doraemon 18 Frequently occur in its stories is Nobita s desire to control time and there exist time control gadgets that he uses to satisfy that desire particularly the Time Machine which lies in his desk drawer 19 Unlike Western works on science fiction the manga did not explain the theory nor the applied technology behind these tools but instead focusing on how the characters exploit their advantages making it more children friendly 20 Origin of the name Edit The name Doraemon can be roughly translated to stray Unusually the name Doraemon ドラえもん is written in a mixture of two Japanese scripts Katakana ドラ and Hiragana えもん Dora derives from dora neko どら猫 stray cat and is a corruption of nora stray 6 while emon in kanji 右衛門 is an old fashioned suffix for male names for example as in Ishikawa Goemon 21 Nobita s home address in Tsukimidai moon view heights Nerima refers to Fujimidai Fuji view heights where Osamu Tezuka s residence and animation studio is based 11 The name Nobita Nobi refers to nobi nobi meaning the way a young child grows up free healthy and happy unrestrained in any sense 11 22 Gadgets Edit Anywhere Door a gadget in the manga series as seen in the Fujiko F Fujio Museum Gadgets or himitsu dōgu ひみつ道具 are Doraemon s tools from the future usually used to help the characters Fujio said that Doraemon has a total of 1 293 gadgets 23 according to a 2004 analysis by Yasuyuki Yokoyama of Toyama University there are 1 963 gadgets found in 1 344 sketches 21 The most important gadgets include Take Copter a small piece of headgear made out of bamboo that can allow its users to fly Time Machine a machine used for time travel Anywhere Door a pink colored door that allows people to travel according to the thoughts of the person who turns the knob Time Kerchief a handkerchief which can turn an object new or old or a person young or old Translator Tool a cuboid jelly that allow one to converse in any language and Designer a camera used to instantly dress up the user 21 24 Saya S Shiraishi wrote that most of the gadgets were an impressive testimony to the standards of quality control and innovation that exist in the twenty second century 24 The gadgets were an essential part of the series so as to reflect a positive point of view about the association of technology in children and to express the wishes of modern society 25 Conclusion Edit The series stopped publishing after Fujimoto s death in 1996 without an ending this has aroused numerous urban legends throughout the years 26 One of the most well known endings of the manga was by an amateur manga cartoonist under the pen name Yasue T Tajima first appeared on the Internet in 1998 and made up into a manga in 2005 The story takes place when Doraemon s battery dies and Nobita later grows up becoming a robot engineer potentially revive Doraemon and live a happy life Tajima issued an apology in 2007 and the profits were shared with Shogakukan and the copyright owner Fujiko F Fujio Pro 27 Ryuichi Yagi and Takashi Yamazaki the directors of Stand by Me Doraemon confirmed that it had only one opening while the ending has been rewritten several times 28 Because of this Shogakukan had to clarify that only if the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka is finalized will the mission be accomplished and then Doraemon will return to the future 26 Media EditManga Edit See also List of Doraemon chapters and List of Doraemon Plus chapters The first appearance of Doraemon who came via the time machine In December 1969 the Doraemon manga appeared in six different children s monthly magazines published by Shogakukan Yoiko Yōchien Shogaku Ichi nensei Shogaku Ni nensei Shogaku San nensei and Shogaku Yon nensei The magazines were aimed at children from nursery school to fourth grade In 1973 two other magazines Shogaku Go nensei and Shogaku Roku nensei aimed at fifth grade and sixth grade students respectively started publishing the manga In 1977 CoroCoro Comic was launched as the flagship magazine of Doraemon 29 30 31 Since the debut of Doraemon in 1969 the stories have been selectively collected into forty five tankōbon volumes that were published under Shogakukan s Tentōmushi Comics てんとう虫コミックス imprint from July 31 1974 to April 26 1996 32 33 These volumes are collected in the Takaoka Central Library in Toyama Japan where Fujio was born 34 Between April 25 2005 and February 28 2006 Shōgakukan published a series of five manga volumes under the title Doraemon Plus Doraemon featuring short stories which did not appear in the forty five original volumes 35 36 a sixth volume the first volume in eight years was published on December 1 2014 37 Additionally 119 unpublished stories were compiled into six colored manga volumes under the title Doraemon Kara Sakuhin shu ドラえもん カラー作品集 Doraemon Color Works published from July 17 1999 to September 2 2006 10 38 Between July 24 2009 and September 25 2012 Shogakukan published a master works collection consisting of twenty volumes with all 1 345 stories written by Fujio 39 40 In December 2019 on the 50th anniversary of Doraemon a Volume 0 was published by Shogakukan featuring six different versions of Doraemon s first appearance 41 There have been two series of bilingual Japanese and English volumes of the manga by SHOGAKUKAN ENGLISH COMICS under the title Doraemon Gadget Cat from the Future and two audio versions 42 43 The first series has ten volumes and the second one has six 42 21st Century Publishing House released bilingual English Chinese versions in Mainland China 44 and Chingwin Publishing Group released bilingual English Chinese versions in Taiwan 45 In July 2013 Fujiko F Fujio Pro announced that they would be collaborating with ebook publisher Voyager Japan and localization company AltJapan Co Ltd to release an English language version of the manga in full color digitally via the Amazon Kindle platform in North America 46 Shogakukan released the first volume in November 2013 47 as of 2016 a total of 200 volumes have been published 47 48 This English version incorporates a variety of changes to character names Nobita is Noby Shizuka is Sue Suneo is Sneech and Gian is Big G while dorayaki is Yummy Bun Fudgy Pudgy Pie 49 Also as of 2016 four volumes of the manga have been published in English in print by Shogakukan Asia 50 51 Shogakukan started digital distribution of all forty five original volumes throughout Japan from July 16 2015 52 Anime Edit See also Doraemon 1973 TV series Doraemon 1979 TV series and Doraemon 2005 TV series International series logo mainly used in Latin America The first attempt of a Doraemon animated series was in 1973 by Nippon Television After a January 1973 pilot named Doraemon Mirai Kara Yattekuru ドラえもんが未来からやってくる Doraemon Coming from the Future 53 twenty six episodes each with two segments were broadcast on Nippon TV from April 1 to September 30 of the same year 54 The series was directed by Mitsuo Kaminashi with voice cast from Aoni Production the character Doraemon was voiced by Kōsei Tomita then later by Masako Nozawa 55 Later in the series the animation studio Nippon TeleMovie Productions went bankrupt and the masters were sold off or destroyed 56 The series was re aired on Nippon TV and several local stations until 1979 57 58 when Shogakukan requested Toyama Television to cease broadcasting 59 Some of the segments were found in the archives of IMAGICA in 1995 60 and some others were recovered by Jun Masami in 2003 55 As of 2013 21 of 52 segments have known to survive two of which without audio 61 Doraemon remained fairly exclusive in manga form until 1979 when a newly formed animation studio Shin Ei Animation now owned by TV Asahi produced an animated second attempt of Doraemon 4 The series directed by Tsutomu Shibayama aired on TV Asahi from April 2 1979 to March 18 2005 62 Eiichi Nakamura served as director of photography 62 and character designer 63 while Shunsuke Kikuchi was the composer 62 64 Nobuyo Ōyama voiced Doraemon in the series because of this in Asia this version is sometimes referred to as the Ōyama Edition 65 In total 1 787 episodes were produced and released in VHS and DVD by Toho 66 67 Celebrating the anniversary of the franchise a third Doraemon animated series also produced by Shin Ei Animation began airing on TV Asahi on April 15 2005 with new voice actors and staff and updated character designs 68 The third series is sometimes referred to in Asia as the Mizuta Edition as a tribute for the voice actress for Doraemon Wasabi Mizuta 65 It was released in DVD on February 10 2006 under the title New TV ban Doraemon NEW TV 版 ドラえもん Doraemon NEW TV Version with Shogakukan Video banner 69 70 In May 2014 TV Asahi Corporation announced an agreement with The Walt Disney Company to bring the 2005 series to the Disney XD television channel and Disney Channel in the United States beginning in the summer of that year 71 72 73 Besides using the name changes that were used in AltJapan s English adaptation of the original manga other changes and edits have also been made to make the show more relatable to an American audience such as Japanese text being replaced with English text on certain objects like signs and graded papers items such as yen notes being replaced by US dollar bills and the setting being changed from Japan to the United States 74 Initial response to the edited dub was positive 75 The Disney adaptation began broadcast in Japan on Disney Channel from February 1 2016 The broadcast offered the choice of the English voice track or a newly recorded Japanese track by the Japanese cast of the 2005 series 76 The anime has also been aired in over sixty countries worldwide 77 It premiered in Thailand in 1982 78 the Philippines in 1999 79 India in 2005 80 and Vietnam in 2010 81 82 Other Asian countries that broadcast the series include China Hong Kong Singapore Taiwan Malaysia Indonesia and South Korea 83 The series is licensed in EMEA regions by LUK International 84 it premiered in Spain in 1993 85 and France in 2003 86 It has also been distributed in South American countries including Brazil 87 Colombia 88 and Chile 89 In 2017 POPS Worldwide a Vietnamese multimedia company collaborated with TV Asahi to release the anime series on YouTube and other digital platforms 90 Feature films Edit Further information List of Doraemon films As of 2022 there have been 41 annual feature length animated films produced by Shin Ei Animation and released by Toho 91 the most recent of which is Doraemon Nobita s Little Star Wars 2021 which premiered in Japan on March 4 2022 92 The first twenty five films are based on the 1979 anime while the rest are based on the 2005 anime 91 Unlike the anime and manga series the films are more action adventure oriented taking the familiar characters of Doraemon and placing them in a variety of exotic and perilous settings 93 94 A 3D computer animated film Stand by Me Doraemon debuted in Japan on August 8 2014 95 Directed by Takashi Yamazaki and Ryuichi Yagi 96 it combines elements from the short stories of the manga series All the Way from the Country of the Future Imprinting Egg Goodbye Shizuka chan Romance in Snowy Mountain Nobita s the Night Before a Wedding and Goodbye Doraemon into a new complete story from the first time Doraemon came to Nobita s house to Doraemon bidding farewell to Nobita 95 97 The film was a box office success grossing 183 4 million worldwide 98 A sequel Stand by Me Doraemon 2 also directed by Yamazaki and Yagi was released on November 20 2020 99 Short films OVA and crossover Edit Several Doraemon short films were produced and released between 1989 and 2004 91 These include 2112 The Birth of Doraemon a film about the life of Doraemon from birth before coming to Nobita 100 Doraemon Nobita s the Night Before a Wedding a film about the events related to the marriage of Nobita and Shizuka 101 The Day When I Was Born 102 and Doraemon A Grandmother s Recollections 103 the films about the relationship between Nobita and his parents along with his grandmother Other short films focus on Dorami and the Doraemons 91 In 1981 Toho released What Am I for Momotaro a film about Momotarō the hero of Japanese folklore 104 In 1994 an educational OVA was made titled Doraemon Nobita to Mirai Note ドラえもん のび太と未来ノート where the main characters express the hope for a better Earth The OVA was released in DVD along with the 13th issue of Fujiko F Fujio Wonderland magazine in September 2004 105 106 A crossover episode of Doraemon with AIBOU Tokyo Detective Duo aired on TV Asahi on November 9 2018 107 Music Edit Further information List of Doraemon soundtrack albums The soundtrack of the 1973 anime series was composed by Nobuyoshi Koshibe 55 who also arranged the opening theme song Doraemon ドラえもん and the ending theme song Doraemon Rumba ドラえもん ルンバ both performed by Harumi Naitō 54 For the 1979 anime Shunsuke Kikuchi was the composer who arranged Doraemon no Uta ドラえもんのうた 54 64 it had been performed by numerous singers including Kumiko Ōsugi and Satoko Yamano 108 When the anime got a reboot in 2005 Kan Sawada was the composer of the series 109 110 There are four other opening themes including an instrumental version of Doraemon no Uta performed by Twelve Girls Band 111 Hagushichao ハグしちゃお performed by Rimi Natsukawa 112 Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon 夢をかなえてドラえもん the opening theme broadcast from 2007 to 2018 113 and Doraemon performed by Gen Hoshino broadcast since October 2019 114 Numerous collections of theme songs of the anime series and feature films were initially available in cassettes 115 Since the 1990s Doraemon songs have been released in CD under the type of singles and compilation albums 116 117 Soundtracks of Doraemon feature films have been released by Nippon Columbia since 2001 in the album series Doraemon Soundtrack History ドラえもんサウンドトラックヒストリー 118 119 120 Other Edit A plush Doraemon toy with a dorayaki his favorite in universe food Doraemon has been adapted into a musical titled Doraemon the Musical Nobita and the Animal Planet 舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星プラネット Butaiban Doraemon Nobita to Animaru Puranetto Based on the 1990 anime film of the same name it debuted at Tokyo Metropolitan Art Space on September 4 2008 running through September 14 Shoji Kokami was the director and writer Makoto Sakamoto played Nobita and Reiko Suho as Shizuka Jaian and Suneo were portrayed by Tomohiro Waki and Kensaku Kobayashi respectively Wasabi Mizuta voiced Doraemon 121 122 The musical was later revived and ran at Sunshine Theater Tokyo from March 26 to April 2 2017 123 then later in other prefectures including Fukuoka Osaka Miyagi and Aichi 124 The 2017 revival is also directed and written by Kokami 125 with Mizuta reprising her role 124 Nobita Shizuka Jaian and Suneo were played by Yuuchi Ogoe Hina Higuchi Koki Azuma and Shō Jinnai respectively 126 Several spin off manga series of Doraemon have been made Doraemon Long Stories is a manga series consists of twenty four tankōbon volumes published from 1983 to 2004 featuring longer and continuous narratives about the characters adventures into various lands of science fiction and fantasy 127 128 The Doraemons a manga illustrated by Michiaki Tanaka based on Doraemon was published by Shogakukan in six tankōbon volumes from 1996 to 2001 129 130 Between 1997 and 2003 Shogakukan also published fifteen volumes of The Doraemons Special created by Yukihiro Mitani and Masaru Miyazaki as a complement part of The Doraemons including twelve from the main series 131 132 and three from the Robot Training School Edition 133 134 Dorabase a baseball themed manga written and illustrated by Mugiwara Shintarō is another spin off of Doraemon twenty three volumes of the manga were published by Shogakukan from April 26 2001 to October 28 2011 135 136 A parody of Doraemon created by Hikari Fujisaki titled Nozoemon のぞえもん was first serialized in Nihon Bungeisha s Comic Heaven magazine in September 2014 with the compiled book volume released on June 9 2015 however it was discontinued in August 2015 due to content issues 137 Many Japanese only video games based on Doraemon have been developed For instance in 1983 Bandai developed Dokodemo Dorayaki Doraemon どこでも ドラヤキ ドラえもん an arcade game inspired by Pac Man 138 Doraemon a NES video game made by Hudson Soft was released on December 12 1986 139 and became one of the best selling games of that year in Japan with over 1 15 million copies sold 140 On December 6 2007 Sega published Doraemon Wii the first Doraemon video game released on Wii 141 Doraemon can also be seen in Namco s Taiko no Tatsujin rhythm game series such as in Taiko no Tatsujin Sesson de Dodon ga Don 2017 142 The first Doraemon game to receive a Western release was Doraemon Story of Seasons 2019 143 144 Card games with Doraemon themes have also been made in several special occasions sometimes to exploit the popularity of feature films 145 In 2016 a special edition of Uno about the series characters was released exclusively in Japan as a result of a cooperation between Asatsu DK and Mattel 146 Merchandise EditIn Japan the Doraemon merchandising rights belong to Shogakukan Shueisha Productions which has produced and distributed a wide range of products under its brand such as toys food stationery action figures 147 gashapon shoes clothing and others 148 149 Several companies have collaborated on the creation and distribution of products on the series and its characters including Sanrio 150 Converse 151 Moleskine 152 and ESP Guitars which has made guitars decorated with Doraemon characters 153 a further partnership of Doraemon with Uniqlo led to a line of clothing designed by Takashi Murakami 154 The Doraemon franchise has also collaborated with various Japanese brands including Tsi Groove amp Sports s Jack Bunny golf apparel brand 155 156 157 Unicharm s MamiPoko diaper brand 158 and the video games LINE Pop 2 159 Monster Strike 160 and Granblue Fantasy 161 162 Viz Media owns the Doraemon merchandising rights in North and Latin America 1 which has developed Doraemon themed clothing and collectibles in collaboration with retail chain Hot Topic 163 and themed Happy Meals in a 2015 collaboration with McDonald s 164 Viz Media Europe now Crunchyroll EMEA manages the merchandising in Europe except Spain and Portugal 165 LUK International has obtained licenses in these two countries 166 Characters from Doraemon have been used in advertising through specific agreements with Shogakukan For instance following the Cool Japan initiative promoted by the Japanese government Sharp Corporation produced a series of commercials featuring the characters of Doraemon and Nobita which were broadcast in several ASEAN countries 167 In late 2011 Shogakukan and Toyota Motor Corporation joined forces to create a series of live action commercials as part of Toyota s ReBorn ad campaign which depicted the manga s characters two decades after being grown up where Hollywood actor Jean Reno played Doraemon 168 169 Reception EditSee also List of non Japanese Doraemon versions General Edit Doraemon is considered one of the best known manga of all time a true Japanese cultural icon 7 and an essential part of family life of the Japanese post war generation 148 Akihiro Motoyama observed that mothers who watched the movies when they were children are now taking their own children to see them 148 170 It was also commercially successful over 108 million books were sold in Japan by 1996 171 The 1979 170 and 2005 anime series 172 also achieved high ratings on television With the film Doraemon Nobita s Secret Gadget Museum the Doraemon anime film series reached 100 million tickets sold at the Japanese box office surpassing Godzilla as the highest grossing film franchise in Japan 173 By 2015 it had sold over 103 million tickets and was the largest franchise by numbers of admissions in the country 174 Doraemon was also a hit in Asia in general and was considered one of the typical cases of Japanese soft power 175 although it was published without a license in some countries 176 The anime television series is available in over 60 countries 77 and reportedly getting high ratings in at least 30 countries 177 However Doraemon was less successful in Western countries because it was viewed as a children only series and there were some tight restrictions about publishing manga and broadcasting anime series there 178 179 The manga has sold over 170 million copies worldwide as of 2012 180 181 and 250 million as of 2019 182 Estimates show that Doraemon has generated at least more than 4 3 billion in merchandise sales by 2019 a and over 1 7 billion from anime feature films as of 2020 193 making it one of the highest grossing media franchises of all time Outside Japan Doraemon achieved particular success in Vietnam 194 with a record breaking 40 million copies sold as of 2006 195 The manga was first launched there in 1992 by Kim Đồng Publishing House but the copyright from Shogakukan was not fully acquired until 1996 196 197 In 1993 the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture considered the manga s publication to be an impactful event for the improvement of children youth and adult s likings Doraemon is a comprehensively educational book series which has the effect of developing children s personality 196 Doraemon is now a cultural icon in Vietnam having featured in many cultural events 198 199 Critical response and analysis Edit Doraemon received favorable reviews Mark Schilling wrote For kids whose lives are often so regulated Doraemon represents a welcome breath of freedom and a glimpse of a funnier friendlier world where all dreams even foolish ones can come true 200 Italian writer Massimo Nicora wrote that the manga can be interpreted as a type of book that criticizes with irony the omnipotence of science that pretends to solve every problem with its tools alluding to the fact that Doraemon s gadgets often end up making the problems even worse than they initially were more than anything else He added that it represents the metaphor of the childish imagination which always manages to find the most bizarre and original solutions in a continuous game of transformation of reality 201 Some critics considered that Nobita s flawed personality and modest background is different from the special or extraordinary characteristics usually seen in other typical anime and manga protagonists this portrayal has been seen as reasons of its appeal as well as the contrary especially in the United States 180 193 According to the Italian Parents Movement Moige in the manga the lazy Nobita does not know any kind of appreciable evolution though there are still good points including the criticism of bullying the goodness that transpires from the little Nobita and the positive figure of Shizuka 202 In his 2000 article Leo Ching explained that the success of Doraemon in Asia was because it had reflected the Asian values such as imagination and responsibility the same reason that Oshin another Japanese cultural export became well known there 203 On the other hand according to an analysis by Anne Allison professor of cultural anthropology at Duke University the strong point of it was not the variety of the gadgets but the relationship between Doraemon and Nobita which was particularly appreciated 204 Jason Thompson praised the silly situations and old fashioned simple artwork with Doraemon s expression and comments adding to the surrounding elementary school mischief 43 On the manga s 50th anniversary an op ed published on Asahi Shimbun stated that the manga has already become a contemporary classic 205 Awards accolades and public recognition Edit Doraemon has received numerous accolades It won the Japan Cartoonists Association Award twice in 1973 and 1994 the former for Excellence Award while the latter for Minister of Education Science and Technology Award 206 207 In 1982 it received the first Shogakukan Manga Award for children s manga 208 209 In 1997 the manga won the Grand Prize at the first Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize 210 The 1979 series won the award from the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs four times for best television series in 1984 1985 1988 and 1989 211 A 2006 poll among 80 000 Japanese fans for the 10th anniversary of the Japan Media Arts Festival placed Doraemon at fifth among the top ten best manga of all time 212 The 2005 and 2006 surveys conducted by TV Asahi found the Doraemon anime ranked fifth and third respectively among the 100 most favorite anime series of all time 213 214 In 2010 a survey conducted by researchers of Tokyo Polytechnic University found that most responders considered Doraemon along with Dragon Ball franchise to be the anime series that represents Cool Japan 215 In a 2013 survey Doraemon was found to be the best anime recommended for foreign people 216 Controversies Edit Doraemon has been blamed for having a negative impact on children due to the controversial traits of the characters in the anime The character has received criticism in China where some media outlets considered Doraemon to be a politically subversive character and that it was a tool of Japan s cultural invasion 217 218 219 In 2016 a resolution to ban Hindi dubbed Doraemon anime series was submitted in Pakistan 220 Around the same time legal notices were served against several companies in India targeting Doraemon and Crayon Shin chan for bans which did not materialize as having an adverse effect on children 220 221 Disney Channel India the regional broadcaster of the anime was banned in Bangladesh and Pakistan citing non availability of localized dubs for content including Doraemon 222 223 Cultural impact and legacy Edit Shuttle bus featuring Doraemon to Fujiko F Fujio Museum in Kawasaki Doraemon at National Museum of Singapore in October 2020 The Doraemon manga has inspired many other mangakas these include Eiichiro Oda the creator of One Piece with the idea of Devil Fruits 224 225 and Masashi Kishimoto the creator of Naruto who showed interest in drawing characters from anime shows during his childhood including Doraemon 226 The manga has also been mentioned in Gin Tama and Great Teacher Onizuka 227 228 The character Doraemon is considered one of the cultural icons in Japan 7 229 and one of the most well known characters in manga history 175 some critics compared his notability with Mickey Mouse and Snoopy 230 231 Mark Schilling noted that Doraemon s Take Copter is familiar among Japanese people just as Snoopy s biplane is familiar to most Americans 232 On April 22 2002 on the special issue of Asian Hero in Time magazine Doraemon was the only anime character to be named one of the twenty two Asian Heroes and was described as The Cuddliest Hero in Asia 233 A 2007 poll by Oricon shown that Doraemon was the second strongest manga character ever behind only Son Goku of Dragon Ball 234 Doraemon is also referred as something with the ability to satisfy all wishes 201 In 2005 the Taiwan Society of New York selected Doraemon as a culturally significant work of Japanese otaku pop culture in its exhibit Little Boy The Arts of Japan s Exploding Subculture curated by renowned artist Takashi Murakami 235 In 2008 the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs appointed Doraemon as the first anime cultural ambassador 236 a Ministry spokesperson explained the decision as an attempt to help people in other countries understand Japanese anime better and to deepen their interest in Japanese culture 237 On September 3 2012 Doraemon was granted official residence in the city of Kawasaki Kanagawa one hundred years before he was born 238 In the same year Hong Kong celebrated the birthday of Doraemon 100 years early with a series of displays of the character 239 In April 2013 Doraemon was chosen as Japan s ambassador in Tokyo s bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics 240 He appeared in the 2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony to promote the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo 241 242 A Fujiko F Fujio museum opened in Kawasaki on September 3 2011 featuring Doraemon as the star of the museum 243 244 The National Museum of Singapore held a time travelling exhibition in October 2020 as a tribute to the manga 245 After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami Shogakukan released an earthquake survival guidebook which included the main cast of the Doraemon manga series 246 TV Asahi launched the Doraemon Fund charity fund to raise money for natural disasters in 2004 247 and in 2011 248 In 2020 Mumbai s Sion Friends Circle group distributed food and books to kids using mascots one being Doraemon to help during the COVID 19 pandemic 249 In Vietnam a Doraemon scholarship fund was established in 1996 250 and the Doraemon character has been used for education of traffic safety 251 Doraemon s creator Fujiko F Fujio received the Culture Fighter Medal from the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture in 1996 for his contributions to young education through the manga 252 Many prominent figures have been nicknamed after the cast of Doraemon politician Osamu Fujimura is known as the Doraemon of Nagatacho due to his figure and warm personality 253 and sumo wrestler Takamisugi was nicknamed Doraemon because of his resemblance to the character 254 In 2015 a group of people in a drought affected village in northern Thailand used a Doraemon toy to complete a rain ritual in order to avoid controversies that would occur by using real animals 255 See also Edit Anime and manga portalOther manga series by Fujiko Fujio Perman Ninja Hattori kun Kiteretsu Daihyakka 21 Emon a manga by Fujiko F Fujio set in the same universe as DoraemonReferences EditNotes Edit Doraemon licensed merchandise sales Royalties 1979 1994 15 3 billion 153 million 171 Japan 1999 2000 2003 2005 2007 2010 223 75 billion 2 549 billion 183 1999 84 21 billion 184 2000 50 billion 185 2003 30 billion 185 2005 24 96 billion 186 2007 17 6 billion 187 2010 16 98 billion 188 Worldwide 2015 2016 1 108 billion 2015 557 million 189 2016 551 million 189 Japan 2018 2019 64 01 billion 190 191 192 587 million Citations Edit a b Shogakukan Shueisha Productions grants merchandise rights for beloved Doraemon franchise to Viz Media for Americas region Viz Media Archived from the original on January 22 2019 Retrieved January 22 2019 Ong Bang August 28 2015 10 Asian heroes we worshipped while growing up Stuff Archived from the original on January 22 2019 Retrieved January 22 2019 IGN Staff October 1 1996 Doraemon Creator Dies IGN Archived from the original on June 18 2013 Retrieved May 25 2021 a b Schilling 2004 p 39 藤子 F 不二雄 ふじこエフふじお Fujiko F Fujio Doraemon Channel in Japanese Archived from the original on December 22 2012 Retrieved June 4 2013 a b Min Chew Hui December 23 2014 Why Doraemon is blue and 4 other things you might not have known about the cat robot The Straits Times Archived from the original on July 5 2015 Retrieved January 18 2021 a b c d Schodt 1999 p 218 Schodt 1999 pp 217 218 Pelliteri 2008 p 200 a b Fujio Fujiko F September 1999 ドラえもんカラー作品集 1 Doraemon Color Works 1 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4091495710 Archived from the original on March 28 2016 Retrieved March 31 2018 For conception see pp 158 159 a b c Shiraishi 1997 p 238 Schilling 2004 p 42 Schodt 1999 p 219 Izawa Eri 2000 Environmentalism in Manga and Anime MIT Archived from the original on May 26 2001 Retrieved May 25 2021 Arico Giacomo November 5 2014 Ambientalista e di sani valori arriva al cinema Doraemon il gatto robot creato da Fujio nel 1969 Environmentalist and of healthy values Doraemon the robot cat created by Fujio in 1969 arrives at the cinema Cameralook it in Italian Archived from the original on November 10 2014 Retrieved January 13 2022 a b Shiraishi 2000 pp 292 293 Schilling 2004 pp 42 43 An Nhien August 29 2007 Độ dai thời gian của vũ trụ la yếu tố cơ bản để nha văn Fujiko F Fujio sang tac nen bộ truyện Đoremon The length of time of the universe is the basic factor for writer Fujiko F Fujio to create the Doraemon series in Vietnamese Kim Đồng Publishing House Archived from the original on December 24 2007 Retrieved June 1 2021 Peters 2002 pp 104 105 Peters 2002 pp 105 107 109 a b c Doraemon fanatic boasts Ding Dong s 1 963 gadgets The Japan Times April 3 2004 Archived from the original on January 29 2009 Retrieved June 4 2013 This meaning is explained by Nobita s father in ぼくの生まれた日 The Day I Was Born ドラえもん 2 Doraemon 2 in Japanese Shogakukan published August 26 1974 September 1974 p 56 ISBN 4091400027 Archived from the original on April 23 2016 Retrieved January 13 2022 ぼく ドラえもん 第4号 I Doraemon No 4 Fujiko F Fujio Wonderland in Japanese April 20 2004 ASIN B005NH6RU2 Retrieved May 25 2021 a b Shiraishi 2000 p 296 Shiraishi 2000 pp 292 296 297 a b Rogolino Letizia January 27 2017 Doraemon 10 cose che forse sapete sul gatto robot che viaggia nel tempo Doraemon 10 things you maybe don t know about the time traveling robot cat Movieplayer it in Italian Archived from the original on February 1 2017 Retrieved May 25 2021 Miller Evan May 30 2007 Author of False Doraemon Ending Issues Apology Anime News Network Archived from the original on June 1 2007 Retrieved June 1 2021 Guglielmino Andrea November 4 2014 L afflato tragico di Doraemon The tragic inspiration of Doraemon Cinecitta in Italian Archived from the original on March 25 2018 Retrieved May 25 2021 てれびくん 掲載作品 Works published in Televi kun Coocan in Japanese Archived from the original on October 17 2018 Retrieved October 16 2018 S Yada Jason October 2009 The Rough Guide to Manga Rough Guides pp 114 115 ISBN 978 1 85828 561 0 Loveridge Lynzee February 18 2017 Doraemon Figure Recreates His 1st Corocoro Comic Cover Anime News Network Archived from the original on February 20 2017 Retrieved March 31 2018 Fujio Fujiko F July 31 1974 ドラえもん 1 Doraemon 1 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4091400019 Archived from the original on April 15 2016 Retrieved March 31 2018 Fujio Fujiko F May 1996 ドラえもん 45 Doraemon 45 in Japanese Shogakukan published April 26 1996 ISBN 4091416659 Archived from the original on May 25 2020 Retrieved March 31 2018 ぼくドラえもん ドラえもん文庫 開設 I Doraemon Doraemon Bunko opens in Japanese Toyama Brand April 7 2004 Archived from the original on October 4 2018 Retrieved October 3 2018 Fujio Fujiko F April 2005 ドラえもん プラス 1 Doraemon Plus 1 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4091433014 Archived from the original on April 1 2018 Retrieved March 31 2018 Fujio Fujiko F March 2006 ドラえもん プラス 5 Doraemon Plus 5 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4091433057 Archived from the original on April 1 2018 Retrieved March 31 2018 Ressler Karen November 15 2014 1st Doraemon Manga Volume in 8 Years Ships in December Anime News Network Archived from the original on December 20 2014 Retrieved December 24 2014 Fujio Fujiko F October 2006 ドラえもんカラー作品集 6 Doraemon Color Works 6 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4091402488 Archived from the original on December 16 2018 Retrieved March 31 2018 Fujio Fujiko F July 24 2009 藤子 Ｆ 不二雄大全集 ドラえもん １ Doraemon The Complete Collection of Fujiko F Fujio 1 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 9784091434036 Archived from the original on January 15 2013 Retrieved January 5 2015 Fujio Fujiko F September 2012 藤子 Ｆ 不二雄大全集 ドラえもん ２０ Doraemon The Complete Collection of Fujiko F Fujio 20 in Japanese Shogakukan published September 25 2012 ISBN 9784091435019 Archived from the original on January 13 2015 Retrieved January 5 2015 Sherman Jennifer November 9 2019 1st Doraemon Manga Volume in 23 Years Features 6 Versions of 1st Chapter Anime News Network Archived from the original on November 8 2019 Retrieved November 14 2020 a b 小学館 イングリッシュコミックス Shogakukan English Comics in Japanese Shogakukan Archived from the original on October 19 2016 Retrieved October 16 2016 a b Thompson Jason 2007 Manga The Complete Guide Del Rey Books pp 85 86 ISBN 978 0 345 48590 8 哆啦A梦英汉双语精华本1 Doraemon English Chinese Bilingual Essence Book 1 in Chinese 21st Century Publishing House Archived from the original on August 3 2019 Retrieved December 1 2018 哆啦A夢英文版 中英對照 01 Doraemon English Version Chinese and English 01 in Chinese Chingwin Publishing Group Archived from the original on January 27 2021 Retrieved May 5 2021 Loveridge Lynzee July 28 2013 Classic Kids Manga Doraemon Coming to N America Digitally Anime News Network Archived from the original on December 3 2013 Retrieved December 4 2013 a b DORAEMON Vol 1 Kindle Edition Shogakukan November 22 2013 ASIN B00GTG4776 Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved December 4 2013 DORAEMON vol 200 Kindle Edition Shogakukan March 3 2016 ASIN B01CJ34UA6 Archived from the original on January 13 2022 Retrieved January 13 2022 Uehara Yoshihisa Ohara Atsushi November 23 2013 English version of Doraemon to enter North American market Asahi Shimbun Archived from the original on December 3 2013 Retrieved December 4 2013 Fujio Fujiko F August 27 2014 Doraemon 1 Shogakukan Asia ISBN 978 981 09 0310 7 Archived from the original on January 13 2016 Retrieved June 3 2021 Fujio Fujiko F November 26 2014 Doraemon 4 Shogakukan Asia ISBN 978 981 09 0313 8 Archived from the original on October 12 2016 Retrieved October 16 2016 Chapman Paul July 16 2015 Doraemon Begins Digital Distribution in Japan Crunchyroll Archived from the original on April 24 2016 Retrieved April 17 2016 特集 日本テレビ版ドラえもん Special feature Nippon TV version Doraemon Fujiko Fujio FC Neo Utopia in Japanese 43 10 18 January 2007 a b c Information on Works Series ドラえもん in Japanese Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs Archived from the original on April 2 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 a b c Masami Jun 真佐美ジュンのドラえもん時代 Jun Masami s Doraemon era in Japanese NipponTeleAnima Labor Union Archived from the original on September 11 2016 Retrieved May 26 2021 Kenji 2008 pp 61 63 Oohata T 真佐美ジュンさんに聞く Interview with Jun Masami Anime Old Doraemon Great Research Archived from the original on January 15 2007 Retrieved May 26 2021 Kenji 2008 p 45 Kenji 2008 pp 41 45 120 127 Kenji 2008 pp 29 32 Brubaker Charles May 28 2013 The Strange Case of the 1973 Doraemon Series Cartoon Research Archived from the original on July 3 2013 Retrieved May 26 2021 a b c Information on Works Series ドラえもん 新 in Japanese Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs Archived from the original on July 5 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 Interview with Eiichi Nakamura in the book attached with Doraemon Time Machine BOX 1979 DVD collection released by Warner Home Video in 2009 ドラえもん タイムマシンBOX 1979 Doraemon Time Machine BOX 1979 in Japanese Surugaya Archived from the original on July 6 2019 Retrieved July 6 2019 a b 東奥 第59回東奥賞 Tō Ō 59th Tō Ō Award Tō Ō Nippō in Japanese Archived from the original on August 12 2018 Retrieved May 26 2021 a b 舊酒新瓶 濃厚也 Old Wine In New Bottle It s Rich Hong Kong Independent Media Network February 25 2009 Archived from the original on August 16 2016 Retrieved June 9 2016 TV アニメ ドラえもん in Japanese Allcinema Archived from the original on May 18 2004 Retrieved March 30 2018 TV版ドラえもんVol 1 Blu ray DVD in Japanese Toho Archived from the original on March 31 2018 Retrieved March 30 2018 The all new Doraemon premieres on TV Asahi with an hour long special and more The Japan Times April 10 2005 Archived from the original on April 28 2016 Retrieved April 16 2016 NEW TV版ドラえもんシリーズ Doraemon series NEW TV version in Japanese Toho Archived from the original on October 18 2014 Retrieved July 7 2019 NEW TV版 ドラえもんvol 1 タイムマシンがなくなった ほか全5話 ミニシアター Doraemon NEW TV Version Vol 1 The Time Machine is Gone and 5 other episodes mini theater in Japanese Toho Archived from the original on July 6 2019 Retrieved July 7 2019 Hongo Jun May 9 2014 Japanese Anime Star Doraemon Finally Makes U S Debut The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on April 20 2016 Retrieved April 16 2016 Kagawa Marcie June 25 2014 Doraemon hitting U S airwaves this summer The Japan Times Archived from the original on April 28 2016 Retrieved April 16 2016 Doraemon plans to make US debut this summer Nikkey Shimbun May 9 2014 Archived from the original on May 23 2014 Retrieved April 16 2016 Loo Egan May 11 2014 Doraemon Anime s Visual amp Script Changes for U S TV Detailed Anime News Network Archived from the original on May 13 2014 Retrieved April 16 2016 Kagawa Marcie July 9 2014 Doraemon charms U S viewers in first remake for a foreign market The Japan Times Archived from the original on April 27 2016 Retrieved April 16 2016 Loo Egan January 30 2016 Disney XD s Doraemon Adaptation to Run in Japan With Bilingual Tracks Anime News Network Archived from the original on January 31 2016 Retrieved May 31 2021 a b Doraemon ドラえもん TV Asahi Archived from the original on January 1 2020 Retrieved August 13 2018 Yasuyuki Yokoyama December 10 2012 Celebrating Exactly 100 Years Before Doraemon s Birthday Nippon com Nippon Communications Foundation Archived from the original on December 13 2012 Retrieved August 13 2018 Cabuag VG August 1 2015 Makers of Doraemon to push the Japanese character in Philippines Business Mirror Archived from the original on March 30 2018 Retrieved May 26 2021 Hungama TV to launch Indian superhero show Hero Afaqs May 5 2005 Archived from the original on April 9 2017 Retrieved May 26 2021 Hạ Chinh November 12 2009 Kinh doanh phim hoạt hinh Nhật va hinh ảnh nhan vật Từ nay phải co bản quyền Carrying Japanese anime and characters on business from now copyright must be obtained Sai Gon Giải Phong in Vietnamese Archived from the original on November 14 2020 Retrieved May 26 2021 Doraemon đa chinh thức đến với cac bạn trẻ Việt Nam Doraemon has officially come to Vietnamese young people in Vietnamese VietNamNet December 28 2009 Archived from the original on April 2 2011 Retrieved October 21 2020 Shiraishi 2000 pp 301 304 Catalogue DORAEMON LUK International Archived from the original on November 29 2016 Retrieved November 29 2016 Doraemon El Gato Cosmico 1979 El Doblaje in Spanish Archived from the original on January 30 2008 Retrieved May 26 2021 Clement Stephane Doraemon Planete Jeunesse in French Archived from the original on May 28 2014 Retrieved May 26 2021 Popular anime Doraemon retorna a TV aberta no Brasil Popular anime Doraemon returns to television broadcast in Brazil Mundo Nipo in Portuguese January 6 2019 Archived from the original on January 12 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 Doraemon alcanza excelentes resultados en Caracol Doraemon achieves excellent results in Caracol Produ in Spanish December 2 2003 Archived from the original on July 5 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 de Prensa Comunicado July 2 2015 Llegan a Chile capitulos exclusivos de Doraemon Exclusive Doraemon episodes arrive in Chile BioBioChile in Spanish Archived from the original on July 5 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 Ngat Ngọc August 12 2017 Việt Nam co bản quyền phim hoạt hinh Doraemon tren YouTube đầu tien Vietnam first to have the copyright of Doraemon anime on YouTube Thanh Nien in Vietnamese Archived from the original on November 14 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 a b c d Clements Jonathan McCarthy Helen 2006 The Anime Encyclopedia Revised amp Expanded Edition A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917 Stone Bridge Press p 158 ISBN 978 1 61172 515 5 Pineda Rafael Antonio March 8 2022 Doraemon Nobita s Little Star Wars 2021 Film Opens at 1 Anime News Network Archived from the original on March 8 2022 Retrieved October 31 2022 Schilling 2004 p 43 Boon Chan June 8 2016 Movie review The comforting charms of Doraemon The Straits Times Archived from the original on June 8 2016 Retrieved May 26 2021 a b Komatsu Mikikazu August 19 2014 3DCG Film Stand By Me Doraemon to be Released in 21 Regions Countries Crunchyroll Archived from the original on August 22 2014 Retrieved May 26 2021 ドラえもん が初の3DCG映画化 来夏公開へ Doraemon will be released as the first 3DCG movie next summer Oricon News in Japanese November 14 2013 Archived from the original on August 13 2014 Retrieved May 26 2021 3DCG ドラえもん 藤子 F 不二雄先生も知らなかった物語 3DCG Doraemon a story that Fujiko F Fujio didn t even know Oricon News in Japanese August 16 2014 Archived from the original on August 19 2014 Retrieved May 26 2021 Stand by Me Doraemon Box Office Mojo IMDb Archived from the original on September 7 2020 Retrieved May 26 2021 Mateo Alex October 7 2020 Stand By Me Doraemon 2 CG Film s Trailer Reveals Masaki Suda s Song November 20 Debut Anime News Network Archived from the original on October 9 2020 Retrieved May 26 2021 2112年 ドラえもん誕生 2112 The Birth of Doraemon Eiga com in Japanese Archived from the original on January 24 2013 Retrieved May 26 2021 映画 のび太の結婚前夜 作品情報 Doraemon Nobita s the Night Before a Wedding Work Information Eiga com in Japanese Archived from the original on January 23 2013 Retrieved May 26 2021 ぼくの生まれた日 作品情報 The Day When I Was Born Work Information Eiga com in Japanese Archived from the original on January 26 2013 Retrieved May 26 2021 おばあちゃんの思い出 作品情報 Doraemon A Grandmother s Recollections Work Information Eiga com in Japanese Archived from the original on June 27 2013 Retrieved May 26 2021 ドラえもん ぼく桃太郎のなんなのさ 作品情報 What Am I for Momotaro Work Information Eiga com in Japanese Archived from the original on January 25 2013 Retrieved May 26 2021 WEBアニメスタイル 更新情報とミニニュース WEB Anime Style Update Information and Mini News WEB Anime Style in Japanese Archived from the original on September 28 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 雑誌 ぼくドラえもん13 Magazine I Doraemon 13 Fujiko F Fujio Wonderland in Japanese September 3 2004 Retrieved June 4 2021 Dennison Kara October 30 2018 Doraemon Prepares to Buddy up with Cop Drama AIBOU Crunchyroll Archived from the original on March 6 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 テレビアニメ放送40周年記念 ドラえもん うたのコレクション TV Anime Broadcast 40th Anniversary Doraemon Uta Collection in Japanese Nippon Columbia Archived from the original on March 12 2010 Retrieved May 26 2021 Information on Works Series ドラえもん 新 第2期 Media Art Database in Japanese Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs Archived from the original on April 2 2019 Retrieved May 26 2021 Sawada Kan ドラえもん Doraemon Kan Sawada Official Website in Japanese Archived from the original on August 15 2015 Retrieved May 26 2021 ドラえもん テレビ朝日 in Japanese TV Asahi Archived from the original on April 15 2005 Retrieved May 26 2021 ドラえもんOPテーマついに新曲に交代 歌は夏川りみ Doraemon OP theme finally changed to a new song the song of Rimi Natsukawa Ratelog in Japanese Archived from the original on December 15 2005 Retrieved May 26 2021 スタッフ 声の出演者 Staff amp voice performers in Japanese TV Asahi Archived from the original on March 18 2013 Retrieved July 6 2019 星野源 ドラえもん 新オープニング曲に Gen Hoshino s Doraemon New Opening Song in Japanese TV Asahi September 6 2019 Archived from the original on November 17 2020 Retrieved November 17 2020 パチソン ドラえもんのうた のぶ代ドラ カセットテープ Pachison Doraemon no Uta Nobuyo Dora Cassette Tape in Japanese Rakuten Archived from the original on November 17 2020 Retrieved November 17 2020 ドラえもん映画主題歌集 雲がゆくのは Doraemon movie theme songbook Kumo ga Yuku no Wa ASIN B00005MX5J Archived from the original on November 17 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 ドラえもん Doraemon Music Store in Japanese RecoChoku Co Ltd Archived from the original on November 17 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 ドラえもん Sound Track History 菊池俊輔 音楽集 Doraemon Sound Track History Shunsuke Kikuchi Music Collection ASIN B00005HQSK Archived from the original on March 7 2007 Retrieved May 27 2021 ドラえもん サウンドトラックヒストリー２ Doraemon Soundtrack History 2 in Japanese Billboard Japan Archived from the original on January 11 2015 Retrieved November 17 2020 映画ドラえもん のび太の宇宙英雄記 オリジナル サウンドトラック モア 映画ドラえもんサウンドトラックヒストリー３ Doraemon Nobita s Space Heroes Movie Original Soundtrack amp More Movie Doraemon Sound Track History 3 in Japanese Billboard Japan Archived from the original on July 14 2016 Retrieved November 17 2020 Play of the month Shoji Kokami Performing Arts Network Japan September 30 2008 Archived from the original on April 19 2018 Retrieved May 26 2021 舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星 Doraemon Nobita and the Animal Planet stage version Third Stage in Japanese Archived from the original on December 30 2008 Retrieved May 26 2021 Loo Egan February 4 2017 1st Doraemon Stage Play in 9 Years Unveils Visual Anime News Network Archived from the original on February 5 2017 Retrieved February 9 2021 a b 舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星 Doraemon Nobita and the Animal Planet stage version Third Stage in Japanese Archived from the original on April 20 2017 Retrieved May 26 2021 Dennison Kara December 28 2016 Doraemon Takes to the Stage in Nobita and the Animal Planet Crunchyroll Archived from the original on December 29 2016 Retrieved May 26 2021 Loo Egan December 27 2016 Doraemon Stage Play Returns After 9 Years Anime News Network Archived from the original on December 28 2016 Retrieved May 26 2021 Fujio Fujiko F November 28 1983 大長編ドラえもん1 のび太の恐竜 Doraemon Long Stories 1 Nobita s Dinosaur Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 140602 5 Archived from the original on March 31 2016 Retrieved March 5 2022 Fujiko F Fujio Pro August 27 2004 大長編ドラえもん24 のび太のワンニャン時空伝 Doraemon Long Stories 24 Nobita in the Wan Nyan Spacetime Odyssey Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 142864 9 Archived from the original on April 26 2019 Retrieved March 5 2022 Tanaka Michiaki 1996 ザ ドラえもんズ 1 The Doraemons 1 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 142401 5 Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved January 12 2022 via National Diet Library Tanaka Michiaki 2001 ザ ドラえもんズ 第6巻 The Doraemons 6 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 142406 6 Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved January 12 2022 via National Diet Library Miyazaki Masaru Mitani Yukihiro 1997 ザ ドラえもんズスペシャル 1 The Doraemons Special 1 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 149301 7 Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved January 12 2022 via National Diet Library Miyazaki Masaru Mitani Yukihiro 2002 ザ ドラえもんズスペシャル 12 The Doraemons Special 12 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 149692 X Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved January 12 2022 via National Diet Library Mitani Yukihiro 1999 ザ ドラえもんズスペシャル ロボット養成学校編 The Doraemons Special Robot Training School Edition in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 149531 1 Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved January 12 2022 via National Diet Library Miyazaki Masaru Mitani Yukihiro 2003 ザ ドラえもんズスペシャル ロボット養成学校編 3 The Doraemons Special Robot Training School Edition 3 in Japanese Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 149533 8 Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved January 12 2022 via National Diet Library Shintarō Mugiwara May 2001 ドラベース ドラえもん超野球 スーパーベースボール 外伝 １ Dorabase Doraemon Super Baseball Gaiden 1 in Japanese Shogakukan published April 26 2001 ISBN 4091428517 Archived from the original on August 9 2020 Retrieved January 12 2022 Shintarō Mugiwara November 2011 ドラベース ドラえもん超野球 スーパーベースボール 外伝 ２３ Dorabase Doraemon Super Baseball Gaiden 23 in Japanese Shogakukan published October 28 2011 ISBN 9784091413468 Archived from the original on March 6 2021 Retrieved January 12 2022 Pineda Rafael Antonio August 12 2015 Risque Doraemon Parody Manga Nozoemon Abruptly Halted Anime News Network Archived from the original on August 12 2015 Retrieved January 12 2022 Morgan Rik Bandai Dokodemo Dorayaki Doraemon Handheld Museum Archived from the original on December 20 2004 Retrieved May 26 2021 ドラえもん Media Arts Database in Japanese Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs Archived from the original on May 30 2016 Retrieved May 28 2021 Japan Platinum Game Chart The Magic Box Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved May 26 2021 セガコンシューマ新作発表会2007Autumn で発表された最新タイトルSSを大公開 The latest title SS announced at SEGA Consumer New Release 2007 Autumn is released to the public Dengeki Online in Japanese September 14 2007 Archived from the original on December 18 2007 Retrieved May 27 2021 Romano Sal June 22 2017 Taiko Drum Master Session de Dodon ga Don first details screenshots Gematsu Archived from the original on June 23 2017 Retrieved June 3 2021 Doraemon Story of Seasons launches June 13 in Japan first trailer and details Gematsu April 2 2019 Archived from the original on April 2 2019 Retrieved January 22 2021 Doraemon Story of Seasons for PS4 coming west on September 4 Gematsu April 23 2020 Archived from the original on April 26 2020 Retrieved January 22 2021 Dorainfo in Japanese Epoch Co Ltd Archived from the original on October 30 2007 Retrieved May 26 2021 UNOに新ルール コラボカードが一挙に3つ登場 ドラえもん ドラゴンボール ワンピース の世界観を反映 Three new rule collaboration cards appear in UNO at once reflecting the world view of Doraemon Dragon Ball and One Piece Print amp Promotion in Japanese September 30 2016 Archived from the original on October 21 2016 Retrieved May 26 2021 Doraemon Business Department ShoPro Archived from the original on December 6 2010 Retrieved January 14 2022 a b c Shiraishi 1997 p 240 Benson Anya March 9 2015 The utopia of suburbia the unchanging past and limitless future in Doraemon Japan Forum 27 2 235 256 doi 10 1080 09555803 2015 1015597 S2CID 143711601 See especially p 243 ドラえもんとハローキティが夢のコラボ どこでもドア から一緒に登場 Doraemon and Hello Kitty appear together from the dream collaboration Anywhere Door アニメ アニメ in Japanese July 22 2015 Archived from the original on July 24 2015 Retrieved January 14 2022 Baby All Star N Doraemon Z in Japanese Converse Archived from the original on February 12 2016 Retrieved January 14 2022 Doraemon Limited Edition Collection Moleskine Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Retrieved January 14 2022 ESP X Doraemon ESP Guitars Archived from the original on September 3 2013 Retrieved May 27 2021 UNIQLO Presents Doraemon UT Featuring Works by Master Contemporary Artist Takashi Murakami Press release Uniqlo May 9 2018 Archived from the original on May 24 2018 Retrieved January 14 2022 Jack Bunny と人気キャラクター ドラえもん とのコラボがパワーアップして登場 サングラスをしたドラえもんアイテムなど限定品が発売 8月9日 金 からは ドラえもん祭り を開催 A collaboration between Jack Bunny and the popular character Doraemon has been enhanced Limited items such as Doraemon items wearing sunglasses will be on sale The Doraemon Festival will be held from August 9th Friday in Japanese PR Times August 5 2019 Archived from the original on November 2 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 ゴルフアパレルブランド Jack Bunny から いつものゴルフを ドラえもん と楽しく過ごせるコラボアイテムが今年も登場 発売を記念して8月7日 金 からは ドラえもん祭り を開催 From the golf apparel brand Jack Bunny collaboration items that allow you to enjoy your usual golf with Doraemon will be released this year as well To commemorate the release the Doraemon Festival will be held from August 7th Friday in Japanese PR Times July 31 2020 Archived from the original on November 5 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 DORAEMON JackBunny FESTIVAL 21 8 6 金 の8 22 日 開催 DORAEMON Jack Bunny FESTIVAL 21 will be held from August 6th Friday to August 22nd Sunday in Japanese PR Times August 4 2021 Archived from the original on November 5 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 ドラえもん50周年 マミーポコパンツ ハッピーデザイン Doraemon 50th Anniversary MamiPoko Pants Happy Design in Japanese Fujiko Pro May 14 2021 Archived from the original on November 3 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 LINE POP2 に ドラえもん たちが登場 映画ドラえもん のび太の宝島 とコラボレーション開始 Doraemon and others have appeared in LINE POP2 Collaboration with Doraemon Nobita s Treasure Island has started in Japanese PR Times March 20 2018 Archived from the original on November 5 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 追記 3 6 映画ドラえもん のび太の新恐竜 と モンスト のコラボイベントを3 6 金 より期間限定で開催 ドラえもん のび太 しずか ジャイアン スネ夫がモンストに登場 Addition 3 6 A collaboration event between Movie Doraemon Nobita s New Dinosaur and Monster Strike will be held for a limited time from March 6th Friday Doraemon Nobita Shizuka Gian and Suneo appear in Monster Strike in Japanese XFLAG February 28 2020 Archived from the original on November 22 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 Stenbuck Kite November 1 2021 Granblue Fantasy Doraemon Crossover Will Appear in December 2021 Siliconera Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 Granblue Fantasy announces Doraemon collab for December GamerBraves October 31 2021 Archived from the original on November 5 2021 Retrieved November 2 2021 Viz Media announces new officially licensed collectables and apparel based on the celebrated anime property Doraemon Viz Media Archived from the original on July 6 2016 Retrieved January 14 2022 McDonald s hopes to make kids happy by teaming up with Japan s favorite blue friend Doraemon SoraNews24 March 14 2015 Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Retrieved January 14 2022 Doraemon the gadget cat from the future Viz Media Europe Archived from the original on September 21 2016 Retrieved January 14 2022 Licensing amp Promotions DORAEMON LUK International Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved January 14 2022 Cool Japan Initiative PDF METI July 2015 p 3 Archived PDF from the original on March 28 2016 Retrieved January 14 2022 Denny Mac November 20 2011 Toyota Introduces Increasingly Impressive Cast for Live Action Doraemon Commercials SoraNews24 Archived from the original on August 5 2018 Retrieved January 14 2022 Loo Egan July 15 2012 Jean Reno Goes to Olympics as Doraemon in New Live Action Ad News Anime News Network Archived from the original on November 8 2012 Retrieved January 31 2013 a b Schilling Mark 1993 Doraemon Making Dreams Come True PDF Japan Quarterly 40 4 405 417 a b Schodt 1999 p 217 Ressler Karen February 15 2018 Japan s Animation TV Ranking February 5 11 Anime News Network Archived from the original on February 16 2018 Retrieved May 27 2021 Doraemon Average Household Rating 8 3 Sekiguchi Toko March 26 2013 Godzilla Loses Top Spot to Kittybot Doraemon The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on March 30 2013 Retrieved March 26 2013 Blair Gavin J April 6 2015 Japan Box Office Doraemon Anime Still All Conquering The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on May 28 2015 Retrieved May 28 2015 a b Shiraishi 1997 p 234 Shiraishi 1997 pp 264 265 268 269 McCurry Justin June 3 2015 Japanese robot cat Doraemon helps ease diplomatic tensions with China The Guardian Archived from the original on July 22 2016 Retrieved July 18 2016 Shiraishi 1997 p 267 Cooper Chen Anne 2010 Cartoon Cultures The Globalization of Japanese Popular Media Peter Lang p 85 ISBN 978 1433103681 a b Iwamoto Tetsuo September 3 2012 Happy birthday Doraemon will be born 100 years from today Asahi Shimbun Archived from the original on January 24 2015 Retrieved May 27 2021 Easton Yukari August 31 2016 Tokyo 2020 and Japan s Soft Power The Diplomat Archived from the original on September 2 2016 Retrieved November 18 2020 ドラえもん 誕生５０周年にビックリ新刊 第０巻 ２７日発売 Doraemon surprise new publication on the 50th anniversary Volume 0 released on the 27th of November サンスポ in Japanese Sankei Digital Inc November 27 2019 Retrieved March 30 2022 Official exchange rate LCU per US period average Japan World Bank 2010 Archived from the original on September 26 2018 Retrieved May 27 2021 Tsukada Yuko September 7 2001 Action Report No 3 市場環境を調べる Action Report No 3 Examine the market environment クリエイターのための自営学 Self employment studies for creators in Japanese Creative Work Station Asuka Publishing ISBN 4756911501 Archived from the original on April 20 2021 Retrieved September 7 2018 a b Market Share in Japan Yano Research Institute 2005 p 18 Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 7 Doraemon 500 8 Doraemon 300 日本のアニメ マンガを取り巻く状況 The situation surrounding Japanese animation and manga PDF in Japanese Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism March 6 2007 pp 25 26 Archived from the original PDF on March 18 2013 Retrieved May 27 2021 キャラクターが日本を救う Characters Save Japan NTTCom Online Marketing Solutions in Japanese NTT Communications January 26 2009 Archived from the original on April 15 2014 Retrieved May 27 2021 コンテンツ2次利用市場 ライセンス市場 に係る 競争環境及び海外市場動向実態調査 Research on the competitive environment and overseas market trends in the secondary content use market licensing market PDF in Japanese Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry METI 2011 pp 22 23 Archived from the original PDF on January 5 2013 Retrieved May 27 2021 a b Top 20 Preschool Properties in the 12 8 Billion Industry The Licensing Letter July 17 2017 Archived from the original on June 23 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 Content Tokyo 2020 Vtuber 疫情中重塑品牌 以AI創作 日本內容產業熱議的3件事 Content Tokyo 2020 Vtuber Rebranding During the Epidemic Creating With AI 3 Things That Are Hotly Discussed in the Japanese Content Industry Central News Agency in Chinese December 30 2020 Archived from the original on January 8 2021 Retrieved May 27 2021 CharaBiz DATA 2019 18 in Japanese Character Databank May 2019 Archived from the original on February 8 2021 Retrieved May 27 2021 CharaBiz DATA 2020 19 in Japanese Character Databank May 2020 Archived from the original on January 27 2021 Retrieved May 27 2021 a b Thomas Russell February 1 2020 Back to the future The world celebrates the 50th anniversary of Doraemon The Japan Times Archived from the original on February 2 2020 Retrieved January 23 2022 Shiraishi 2000 p 288 Giao Hưởng Minh Hoa March 21 2006 6 kỉ lục trong lĩnh vực xuất bản in phat hanh của Việt Nam 6 records in the publishing printing distribution sector of Vietnam Thanh Nien in Vietnamese Archived from the original on January 24 2008 Retrieved October 21 2020 a b Nguyễn Phu Cương October 16 2010 Nguyễn Thắng Vu Ong bố nuoi của Đoremon đa ra đi Nguyễn Thắng Vu Doraemon s adoptive father is gone Thể thao amp Văn hoa in Vietnamese Archived from the original on April 9 2017 Retrieved October 21 2020 Nữ Lam May 14 2020 Thế giới đa sẵn sang chia tay Doraemon chưa Is the world ready to say goodbye to Doraemon Tuổi Trẻ in Vietnamese Archived from the original on May 22 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 Ngay hội Đoremon Doraemon Festival Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper in Vietnamese March 12 2010 Archived from the original on September 23 2015 Retrieved January 13 2018 Phung Ha December 15 2012 Doraemon cơn sốt 20 năm chưa hạ nhiệt Doraemon the 20 year phenomenon which never dies down VnExpress in Vietnamese Archived from the original on December 16 2012 Retrieved June 2 2021 Schilling 2004 p 44 a b Nicora Massimo 2016 C era una volta prima di Mazinga e Goldrake Storia dei robot giapponesi dalle origini agli anni Settanta Once upon a time before Mazinger and Grendizer History of Japanese robots from the origins to the seventies in Italian Youcanprint p 161 ISBN 978 8892635418 Scala Elisabetta 2016 Un anno di zapping Guida critica family friendly ai programmi televisivi A year of zapping Family friendly critical guide to television programs PDF Moige p 211 Archived PDF from the original on December 4 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 Ching Leo 2000 Appadurai Arjun ed Globalizing the Regional Regionalizing the Global Mass Culture and Asianism in the Age of Late Capital Duke University Press p 297 ISBN 0822327236 Allison Anne 2002 Playing with Power Morphing Toys and Transforming Heroes in Kids Mass Culture Cambridge University Press p 83 ISBN 0521004608 Vox Populi Doraemon manga series at age 50 still proves prescient Asahi Shimbun March 4 2020 Archived from the original on March 5 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 第2回 1973年度 2nd 1973 in Japanese Japan Cartoonists Association June 17 2009 Archived from the original on December 15 2013 Retrieved June 10 2018 第23回 1994年度 23rd 1994 in Japanese Japan Cartoonists Association June 17 2009 Archived from the original on December 15 2013 Retrieved June 10 2018 小学館漫画賞 歴代受賞者 第１回 第59回 Shogakukan Manga Award Winners 1st 59th in Japanese Shogakukan Archived from the original on June 26 2015 Retrieved November 3 2022 Hahn Joel 2006 Shogakukan Manga Award Comic Book Awards Almanac Archived from the original on April 5 2008 Retrieved May 27 2021 第1回 マンガ大賞 藤子 Ｆ 不二雄 ドラえもん 小学館 1st Manga Award Fujiko F Fujio Doraemon Shogakukan Asahi Shimbun in Japanese Archived from the original on May 3 2009 Retrieved July 18 2010 作品受賞歴 Work award history in Japanese Shin Ei Animation Archived from the original on February 5 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 Macdonald Christopher October 4 2006 Top 10 Anime and Manga at Japan Media Arts Festival Anime News Network Archived from the original on December 18 2006 Retrieved May 27 2021 Macdonald Christopher September 24 2005 TV Asahi Top 100 Anime Anime News Network Archived from the original on December 18 2006 Retrieved May 27 2021 Macdonald Christopher October 13 2006 Japan s Favorite TV Anime Anime News Network Archived from the original on December 17 2006 Retrieved May 27 2021 Loo Egan May 20 2010 Japan Surveyed on Anime Manga Other Cultural Exports Anime News Network Archived from the original on May 22 2010 Retrieved May 27 2021 Komatsu Mikikazu February 26 2013 Survey 17 Recommended Anime Titles for Foreign People Crunchyroll Archived from the original on February 28 2013 Retrieved May 27 2021 Cain Rob May 31 2015 Japan s Unlikely Ambassador a Cartoon Robot Cat From the Future Wins China s Hearts and Minds Forbes Archived from the original on June 2 2015 Retrieved February 2 2021 McCurry Justin October 12 2014 Doraemon a character of subversion claim Chinese media The Star Archived from the original on December 2 2014 Retrieved January 18 2021 Piao Vanessa September 29 2014 A Warning in China Beware the Blue Fatty Cat Sinosphere Blog The New York Times Archived from the original on September 29 2014 Retrieved January 18 2021 a b Ressler Karen August 4 2016 Resolution to Ban Doraemon Anime Series Submitted in Pakistan Anime News Network Archived from the original on August 5 2016 Retrieved January 12 2022 McCurry Justin October 7 2016 Japanese robot cat Doraemon raises hackles in India and Pakistan The Guardian Archived from the original on October 7 2016 Retrieved January 16 2021 AFP February 15 2013 Bangladesh bans Japanese cartoon Doraemon to halt Hindi invasion The Straits Times Archived from the original on January 5 2018 Retrieved May 27 2021 Ahmad Imtiaz December 30 2017 Pakistan lawmaker calls for Doraemon ban to be fully implemented Hindustan Times Archived from the original on December 30 2017 Retrieved January 16 2021 Wuyuan Guan July 3 2014 尾田栄一郎 航海王冒險再10年 Eiichiro Oda Another 10 Years of One Piece Adventure China Times in Chinese Archived from the original on July 7 2014 Retrieved May 27 2021 Eiichiro Oda Interview With China Times Updated The One Piece Broadcast July 4 2014 Archived from the original on July 8 2014 Retrieved May 27 2021 Kishimoto Masashi 2005 Naruto Volume 7 Viz Media pp 66 104 ISBN 978 1 59116 875 1 McNulty Amy May 21 2015 Gintama Episode 272 Anime News Network Archived from the original on May 21 2015 Retrieved May 27 2021 Santos Carlo September 24 2012 Review GTO 14 Days in Shonan Anime News Network Archived from the original on September 25 2012 Retrieved May 27 2021 Allen Jordan May 23 2020 Fifty years of Doraemon and still there are lessons to be learned The Japan Times Archived from the original on June 2 2020 Retrieved January 20 2021 Pelliteri 2008 p 85 Hoover William D 2011 Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan Scarecrow Press p 62 ISBN 978 0810875395 Schilling 2004 p 41 Iyer Pico April 29 2002 The Cuddliest Hero in Asia Time Asia Archived from the original on March 8 2010 Retrieved February 17 2010 1000人が選んだ 漫画史上 最強 キャラクターランキング Selected by 1000 people The strongest character ranking in manga history Oricon News in Japanese June 22 2007 Archived from the original on September 22 2014 Retrieved June 1 2021 Little Boy The Arts of Japan s Exploding Subculture Japan Society Archived from the original on January 17 2018 Retrieved May 27 2021 McCurry Justin March 20 2008 Japan enlists cartoon cat as ambassador The Guardian Archived from the original on March 23 2008 Retrieved April 17 2016 AFP March 15 2008 Doraemon named anime ambassador Japan Today Archived from the original on March 18 2008 Retrieved May 27 2021 AFP September 4 2012 Doraemon becomes official resident of Kawasaki a century before his birth The Japan Times Archived from the original on November 8 2012 Retrieved September 4 2012 West David August 13 2012 Hong Kong Celebrates Doraemon s 100th Birthday Early Neo Archived from the original on July 16 2018 Retrieved July 18 2016 Chavez Amy April 20 2013 Doraemon trumps Hello Kitty for Olympic Games ambassador The Japan Times Archived from the original on April 22 2013 Retrieved January 21 2021 Palazzo Chiara August 22 2016 Shinzo Abe emerges from a green pipe disguised as Super Mario during Rio Closing Ceremony The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on August 22 2016 Retrieved August 22 2016 Samuelson Kate August 22 2016 Shinzo Abe Dresses as Super Mario for Rio Closing Ceremony Time Archived from the original on August 22 2016 Retrieved August 22 2016 Anime star Doraemon to have own museum The Independent August 29 2011 Archived from the original on September 25 2015 Retrieved August 22 2017 Doraemon museum opens its doors The Japan Times September 4 2011 Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved April 17 2016 Sor Fern Ong October 27 2020 Doraemon invades National Museum of Singapore for an Instagram fest The Straits Times Archived from the original on October 27 2020 Retrieved May 27 2021 Hodgkins Crystalyn June 22 2011 Shogakukan Publishes Doraemon Earthquake Survival Guide Anime News Network Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved January 5 2014 Doraemon Fund TV Asahi Archived from the original on January 11 2004 Retrieved May 27 2021 Doraemon Charity Fund for the Japan Tohoku Kanto Earthquake TV Asahi Archived from the original on April 3 2011 Retrieved May 28 2021 Jamal Alfea June 29 2020 Mickey Mouse Doraemon distribute books food to children of Mumbai s slum areas Hindustan Times Archived from the original on June 30 2020 Retrieved January 27 2021 Hoang Nguyen May 20 2010 Meo may Doremon tai xuất va đổi ten Doraemon the robot cat reappeared and renamed Thể thao amp Văn hoa in Vietnamese Archived from the original on October 13 2019 Retrieved May 28 2021 Hoang Sơn January 9 2020 Phat động cuộc thi Doraemon với An toan giao thong năm 2019 2020 Doraemon and Traffic Safety 2019 2020 contest launched Cong an nhan dan in Vietnamese Archived from the original on November 23 2020 Retrieved May 28 2021 Gia Hạ October 21 2016 Fujiko F Fujio Người họa sĩ đến từ tương lai Fujiko F Fujio The artist from the future Zing in Vietnamese Archived from the original on October 21 2016 Retrieved January 12 2022 Noda chooses Doraemon as chief Cabinet secretary Asahi Shimbun September 2 2011 Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved January 29 2015 Sharnoff Lora 1993 Grand Sumo Weatherhill p 216 ISBN 0 8348 0283 X Thailand Japan s Doraemon cartoon cat in rain ritual BBC News June 29 2015 Archived from the original on June 30 2015 Retrieved January 27 2021 Bibliography Edit Kenji Andō 2008 封印作品の憂鬱 Melancholy among the Sealed Stories in Japanese Tokyo Yōsensha ISBN 978 4 86248 338 6 Pelliteri Marco 2008 Il drago e la saetta modelli strategie e identita dell immaginario giapponese The Dragon and the Lightning Bolt Models Strategies and Identity of the Japanese Imaginary in Italian Latina Tunue ISBN 978 88 89613 35 1 Peters Jefferson M 2002 9 The Desire to Control Time in Doraemon and Japanese Culture In Westfahl Gary Slusser George Leiby David eds Worlds Enough and Time Explorations of Time in Science Fiction and Fantasy Greenwood Press pp 103 111 ISBN 0 313 31706 2 Schilling Mark 2004 The Encyclopedia of Japanese Pop Culture Weatherhill ISBN 0 8348 0380 1 Schodt Frederik L 1999 Dreamland Japan Writings on Modern Manga Stone Bridge Press ISBN 1 880656 23 X Shiraishi Saya S 1997 7 Japan s Soft Power Doraemon Goes Overseas In Shiraishi Takashi Katzenstein Peter J eds Network Power Japan and Asia Cornell University Press pp 234 272 ISBN 0 8014 3314 2 Shiraishi Saya S 2000 16 Doraemon Goes Abroad In Craig Timothy J ed Japan Pop Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture M E Sharpe pp 287 308 ISBN 0 7656 0560 0 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Doraemon Wikiquote has quotations related to Doraemon Doraemon Official TV Asahi Website in Japanese Doraemon Official US website Doraemon Channel official website in Japanese Doraemon manga at Anime News Network s encyclopediaPortals Japan Science fiction Anime and manga Films Video games 1960s 1980s 1990s 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