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Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute

April 26, 2024

The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (Dutch: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, pronounced [ˈkoːnɪŋklək ˈneːdərlɑnts ˌmeːteːoːroːˈloːɣis ˌɪnstiˈtyt]; KNMI) is the Dutch national weather forecasting service, which has its headquarters in De Bilt, in the province of Utrecht, central Netherlands.

Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
Dutch: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut

KNMI headquarters in De Bilt
Agency overview
Formed31 January 1854 (1854-01-31)
HeadquartersDe Bilt, Netherlands
Deputy Minister responsible
Parent departmentMinistry of Infrastructure and Water Management
Websitewww.knmi.nl

The primary tasks of KNMI are weather forecasting, monitoring of climate changes and monitoring seismic activity. KNMI is also the national research and information centre for climate, climate change and seismology.

History edit

 
C. H. D. Buys Ballot, 1st director (from 1854 to 1890)

KNMI was established by royal decree of King William III on 21 January 1854 under the title "Royal Meteorological Observatory". Professor C. H. D. Buys Ballot was appointed as the first Director.[1] The year before Professor Ballot had moved the Utrecht University Observatory to the decommissioned fort at Sonnenborgh. It was only later, in 1897, that the headquarters of the KNMI moved to the Koelenberg estate in De Bilt.

The "Royal Meteorological Observatory" originally had two divisions, the land branch under Dr. Frederik Wilhelm Christiaan Krecke and the marine branch under navy Lt. Marin H. Jansen.[1]

Like Robert FitzRoy who founded the Meteorological Office in Britain the same year, Ballot was disenchanted with the non-scientific weather reports found in European newspapers at the time. Like the Met Office, the KNMI also pioneered daily weather predictions, which he called by a new combination "weervoorspelling" (weather prognostication).

Research at KNMI edit

Applied research at KNMI is focused on three areas:[2]

  • Research aimed at improving the quality, usefulness and accessibility of meteorological and oceanographical data in support of operational weather forecasting and other applications of such data.
  • Climate-related research on oceanography; atmospheric boundary layer processes, clouds and radiation; the chemical composition of the atmosphere (e.g. ozone); climate variability research; the analysis of climate, climate variability and climatic change; modelling support and policy support to the Dutch Government with respect to climate and climatic change.
  • Seismological research as well as monitoring of seismic activity (earthquakes).

KNMI's development of atmospheric dispersion models edit

KNMI's applied research also encompasses the development and operational use of atmospheric dispersion models.[3][4]

Whenever a disaster occurs within Europe which causes the emission of toxic gases or radioactive material into the atmosphere, it is of utmost importance to quickly determine where the atmospheric plume of toxic material is being transported by the prevailing winds and other meteorological factors. At such times, KNMI activates a special calamity service. For this purpose, a group of seven meteorologists is constantly on call day and night. KNMI's role in supplying information during emergencies is included in municipal and provincial disaster management plans. Civil services, fire departments and the police can be provided with weather and other relevant information directly by the meteorologist on duty, through dedicated telephone connections.

KNMI has available two atmospheric dispersion models for use by their calamity service:

  • PUFF - In cooperation with the Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Dutch: Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene or simply RIVM), KNMI has developed the dispersion model PUFF. It has been designed to calculate the dispersion of air pollution on European scales. The model was originally tested by using measurements of the dispersion of radioactivity caused by the accident in the nuclear power plant of Chernobyl in 1986. A few years later, in 1994, a dedicated dispersion experiment called ETEX (European Tracer EXperiment) was carried out, which also provided useful data for further testing of PUFF.
  • CALM - CALM is a CALamity Model designed for the calculation of air pollution dispersion on small spatial scales, within the Netherlands. The algorithms and parameters contained in the CALM model are practically identical to that of the PUFF model. However, the meteorological input can only be supplied manually in CALM. The user provides both observed and predicted values for wind velocity at the 10 meter height level, the atmospheric stability classification and the mixing height. After the model calculations have been performed, a map is created and displayed with the derived trajectories of the pollution plume and an indication of how and where the cloud will disperse.

Storm naming edit

In 2019 KNMI decided to join the western storm naming group to help awareness of the danger of storms, the first named storm was Storm Ciara on 9 February 2020.[5]

See also edit

 
Maurits Snellen [nl], 2nd director
(from 1890 to 1902)

References edit

  1. ^ a b Maury, Matthew Fontaine (1858). "Account of Lt. Van Gough". Explanations and sailing directions to accompany the Wind and current charts. Washington D.C.: United States Naval Observatory. pp. 376–377.
  2. ^ KNMI Research Programme, 2003-2007 2006-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Turner, D.B. (1994). Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 1-56670-023-X. www.crcpress.com 2007-11-05 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Beychok, Milton R. (2005). Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion (4th ed.). author-published. ISBN 0-9644588-0-2. www.air-dispersion.com
  5. ^ "Naamgeving van stormen". knmi. Retrieved 4 October 2020.

52°06′05″N 5°10′42″E / 52.10139°N 5.17833°E / 52.10139; 5.17833

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to KNMI.
  • KNMI website (in Dutch)
  • KNMI website (in English)
  • RIVM website (in English)

April 26, 2024
royal, netherlands, meteorological, institute, dutch, koninklijk, nederlands, meteorologisch, instituut, pronounced, ˈkoːnɪŋklək, ˈneːdərlɑnts, ˌmeːteːoːroːˈloːɣis, ˌɪnstiˈtyt, knmi, dutch, national, weather, forecasting, service, which, headquarters, bilt, pr. The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute Dutch Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut pronounced ˈkoːnɪŋklek ˈneːderlɑnts ˌmeːteːoːroːˈloːɣis ˌɪnstiˈtyt KNMI is the Dutch national weather forecasting service which has its headquarters in De Bilt in the province of Utrecht central Netherlands Royal Netherlands Meteorological InstituteDutch Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch InstituutKNMI headquarters in De BiltAgency overviewFormed31 January 1854 1854 01 31 HeadquartersDe Bilt NetherlandsDeputy Minister responsibleSteven van WeyenbergParent departmentMinistry of Infrastructure and Water ManagementWebsitewww wbr knmi wbr nl The primary tasks of KNMI are weather forecasting monitoring of climate changes and monitoring seismic activity KNMI is also the national research and information centre for climate climate change and seismology Contents 1 History 2 Research at KNMI 3 KNMI s development of atmospheric dispersion models 4 Storm naming 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory edit nbsp C H D Buys Ballot 1st director from 1854 to 1890 KNMI was established by royal decree of King William III on 21 January 1854 under the title Royal Meteorological Observatory Professor C H D Buys Ballot was appointed as the first Director 1 The year before Professor Ballot had moved the Utrecht University Observatory to the decommissioned fort at Sonnenborgh It was only later in 1897 that the headquarters of the KNMI moved to the Koelenberg estate in De Bilt The Royal Meteorological Observatory originally had two divisions the land branch under Dr Frederik Wilhelm Christiaan Krecke and the marine branch under navy Lt Marin H Jansen 1 Like Robert FitzRoy who founded the Meteorological Office in Britain the same year Ballot was disenchanted with the non scientific weather reports found in European newspapers at the time Like the Met Office the KNMI also pioneered daily weather predictions which he called by a new combination weervoorspelling weather prognostication Research at KNMI editApplied research at KNMI is focused on three areas 2 Research aimed at improving the quality usefulness and accessibility of meteorological and oceanographical data in support of operational weather forecasting and other applications of such data Climate related research on oceanography atmospheric boundary layer processes clouds and radiation the chemical composition of the atmosphere e g ozone climate variability research the analysis of climate climate variability and climatic change modelling support and policy support to the Dutch Government with respect to climate and climatic change Seismological research as well as monitoring of seismic activity earthquakes KNMI s development of atmospheric dispersion models editKNMI s applied research also encompasses the development and operational use of atmospheric dispersion models 3 4 Whenever a disaster occurs within Europe which causes the emission of toxic gases or radioactive material into the atmosphere it is of utmost importance to quickly determine where the atmospheric plume of toxic material is being transported by the prevailing winds and other meteorological factors At such times KNMI activates a special calamity service For this purpose a group of seven meteorologists is constantly on call day and night KNMI s role in supplying information during emergencies is included in municipal and provincial disaster management plans Civil services fire departments and the police can be provided with weather and other relevant information directly by the meteorologist on duty through dedicated telephone connections KNMI has available two atmospheric dispersion models for use by their calamity service PUFF In cooperation with the Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Dutch Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene or simply RIVM KNMI has developed the dispersion model PUFF It has been designed to calculate the dispersion of air pollution on European scales The model was originally tested by using measurements of the dispersion of radioactivity caused by the accident in the nuclear power plant of Chernobyl in 1986 A few years later in 1994 a dedicated dispersion experiment called ETEX European Tracer EXperiment was carried out which also provided useful data for further testing of PUFF CALM CALM is a CALamity Model designed for the calculation of air pollution dispersion on small spatial scales within the Netherlands The algorithms and parameters contained in the CALM model are practically identical to that of the PUFF model However the meteorological input can only be supplied manually in CALM The user provides both observed and predicted values for wind velocity at the 10 meter height level the atmospheric stability classification and the mixing height After the model calculations have been performed a map is created and displayed with the derived trajectories of the pollution plume and an indication of how and where the cloud will disperse Storm naming editIn 2019 KNMI decided to join the western storm naming group to help awareness of the danger of storms the first named storm was Storm Ciara on 9 February 2020 5 See also edit nbsp Maurits Snellen nl 2nd director from 1890 to 1902 Atmospheric dispersion modeling List of atmospheric dispersion models National Center for Atmospheric Research NERI the National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark NILU the Norwegian Institute for Air Research Roadway air dispersion modeling Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute TA Luft UK Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Liaison Committee UK Dispersion Modelling Bureau University Corporation for Atmospheric ResearchReferences edit a b Maury Matthew Fontaine 1858 Account of Lt Van Gough Explanations and sailing directions to accompany the Wind and current charts Washington D C United States Naval Observatory pp 376 377 KNMI Research Programme 2003 2007 Archived 2006 09 28 at the Wayback Machine Turner D B 1994 Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates an introduction to dispersion modeling 2nd ed CRC Press ISBN 1 56670 023 X www crcpress com Archived 2007 11 05 at the Wayback Machine Beychok Milton R 2005 Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion 4th ed author published ISBN 0 9644588 0 2 www air dispersion com Naamgeving van stormen knmi Retrieved 4 October 2020 52 06 05 N 5 10 42 E 52 10139 N 5 17833 E 52 10139 5 17833External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to KNMI KNMI website in Dutch KNMI website in English KNMI atmospheric dispersion models RIVM website in English Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute amp oldid 1191639135, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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