An exurb (or alternately: exurban area) is an area outside the typically denser inner suburban area, at the edge of a metropolitan area, which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing density, and growth. It shapes an interface between urban and rural landscapes holding a limited urban nature for its functional, economic, and social interaction with the urban center, due to its dominant residential character.[1] They consist of "agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city"[2] and beyond the surrounding suburbs.[3]
The word exurb (a portmanteau of extra (outside) and urban) was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky, in his 1955 book The Exurbanites, to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs, that are commuter towns for an urban area.[4] In other uses the term has expanded to include popular extraurban districts which nonetheless may have poor transportation and underdeveloped economies due to distance from the urban center.[5] Exurbs can be defined in terms of population density across the extended urban area, for example "the urban core (old urban areas including Siming and Huli, where the population density is greater than 51 persons per ha), the suburban zone (old urban and new urban transitional zones including Haicang and Jimei, where the population density is greater than 8 persons per ha), and the exurban areas (newly urbanized areas including Tong'an and Xiang'an, where the population density is less than 8 persons per ha)".[6] The mixture of urban and rural environments raises ecological issues.[7][6]
Since the Finding Exurbia report by the Brookings Institution in 2006, the term is generally used[citation needed] for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built and populated than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute.[9] To qualify as exurban, a census tract must meet three criteria:[9]
Economic connection to a large metropolis.
Low housing density: bottom third of census tracts with regard to housing density. In 2000, this was a minimum of 2.6 acres (11,000 m2) per resident.
Population growth exceeding the average for its central metropolitan area.
Exurban areas incorporate a mix of rural development (e.g., farms and open space) and in places, suburban-style development (e.g., tracts of single-family homes, though usually on large lots). In long-settled areas, such as the U.S. Northeast megalopolis, exurban areas incorporate pre-existing towns, villages and smaller cities, as well as strips of older single-family homes built along pre-existing roads that connected the older population centers of what was once a rural area. The Brookings Institution listed exurban counties, defined as having at least 20% of their residents in exurban Census tracts.[9]
^Fra Paleo, Urbano (2004). "Exurbia". In Caves, R. W. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 254.
^Shirgaokar, M (2014). "Employment centers and travel behavior: exploring the work commute of Mumbai's rapidly motorizing middle class". Journal of Transport Geography. 41: 249–258. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.10.003. "Here the term exurb is taken from the North American planning literature, and is used to designate agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city. Such exurbs may have independent municipal governance."
^Duffy, A (2009). "Land use planning in Ireland – a life cycle energy analysis of recent residential development in the Greater Dublin Area". The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 14 (3): 268–277. doi:10.1007/s11367-009-0059-7. S2CID 56212626. "The GDA was split into four zones each encompassing development at increasing radii from Dublin's city centre, namely: city centre, suburbs, exurbs and commuter towns."
^Spectorsky, Auguste C. (1955). The Exurbanites. Lippincott, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. OCLC 476943.
^ abZhang, Ying; Chen, Zuzhan; Sun, Hongkai; Zhang, Shili; Liu, Haoqian (December 1, 2019). "Study on the Utilization of Vacant Houses in Rural Exurbs Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy by Taking Shenjia Village in Hunan Province as an Example". Earth and Environmental Science. IOP conference series. 371 (2): 22055.
^ abRen, Y., Wei, X., Wei, X., Pan, J., Xie, P., Song, X., Peng, D., & Zhao, J. (2011). "Relationship between vegetation carbon storage and urbanization: A case study of Xiamen, China". Forest Ecology and Management. 261 (7): 1214–1223. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.038.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Vinzant, Carol (December 17, 2007). "Dog vs. bear: release the hounds! A new weapon in the battle to keep New Jersey exurbs bear-free". New York. 40 (45): 2.
^Salomatin, Konstantin. "Moscow's poshest neighborhood is shockingly empty as money pours out of Russia". business insider. insider. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
^ abcBerube, Alan; Singer, Audrey; Wilson, Jill H.; Frey, William H. (October 2006). "Finding Exurbia: America's Fast-Growing Communities at the Metropolitan Fringe". Living Cities Census Series. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Retrieved August 3, 2020. We first identify exurbs using census tracts—small areas with an average of 4,000 people—and then aggregate these areas to the county level for further analysis.
^Taylor, Laura (2011), "No boundaries: exurbia and the study of contemporary urban dispersion", GeoJournal, 76 (4): 323–339, doi:10.1007/s10708-009-9300-y, S2CID 128461360
January 07, 2023
exurb, exurb, alternately, exurban, area, area, outside, typically, denser, inner, suburban, area, edge, metropolitan, area, which, some, economic, commuting, connection, metro, area, housing, density, growth, shapes, interface, between, urban, rural, landscap. An exurb or alternately exurban area is an area outside the typically denser inner suburban area at the edge of a metropolitan area which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area low housing density and growth It shapes an interface between urban and rural landscapes holding a limited urban nature for its functional economic and social interaction with the urban center due to its dominant residential character 1 They consist of agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city 2 and beyond the surrounding suburbs 3 Exurban style density along the Pennsylvania Maryland Delaware border part of Philadelphia metropolitan area Exurban development left side blends into suburban development right side in Loudoun County Virginia in the western part of the Baltimore Washington metropolitan area Contents 1 Definitions 2 Examples by country 2 1 China 2 2 Russia 2 3 United States 3 See also 4 ReferencesDefinitions EditThe word exurb a portmanteau of extra outside and urban was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky in his 1955 book The Exurbanites to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs that are commuter towns for an urban area 4 In other uses the term has expanded to include popular extraurban districts which nonetheless may have poor transportation and underdeveloped economies due to distance from the urban center 5 Exurbs can be defined in terms of population density across the extended urban area for example the urban core old urban areas including Siming and Huli where the population density is greater than 51 persons per ha the suburban zone old urban and new urban transitional zones including Haicang and Jimei where the population density is greater than 8 persons per ha and the exurban areas newly urbanized areas including Tong an and Xiang an where the population density is less than 8 persons per ha 6 The mixture of urban and rural environments raises ecological issues 7 6 Examples by country EditChina Edit Changping District Beijing Shunyi District Beijing Shenjia village Loudi city Hunan province 5 Russia Edit Rublyovka Moscow 8 United States Edit See also List of exurbs in the United States Since the Finding Exurbia report by the Brookings Institution in 2006 the term is generally used citation needed for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built and populated than the suburbs to which the exurbs residents commute 9 To qualify as exurban a census tract must meet three criteria 9 Economic connection to a large metropolis Low housing density bottom third of census tracts with regard to housing density In 2000 this was a minimum of 2 6 acres 11 000 m2 per resident Population growth exceeding the average for its central metropolitan area These are based on published datasets Alternative approaches include working with Oak Ridge National Laboratory LandScan data and GIS 10 Exurban areas incorporate a mix of rural development e g farms and open space and in places suburban style development e g tracts of single family homes though usually on large lots In long settled areas such as the U S Northeast megalopolis exurban areas incorporate pre existing towns villages and smaller cities as well as strips of older single family homes built along pre existing roads that connected the older population centers of what was once a rural area The Brookings Institution listed exurban counties defined as having at least 20 of their residents in exurban Census tracts 9 See also EditBedroom town Rural area Rural urban commuting area Rural urban fringe SuburbReferences Edit Fra Paleo Urbano 2004 Exurbia In Caves R W ed Encyclopedia of the City Routledge p 254 Shirgaokar M 2014 Employment centers and travel behavior exploring the work commute of Mumbai s rapidly motorizing middle class Journal of Transport Geography 41 249 258 doi 10 1016 j jtrangeo 2014 10 003 Here the term exurb is taken from the North American planning literature and is used to designate agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city Such exurbs may have independent municipal governance Duffy A 2009 Land use planning in Ireland a life cycle energy analysis of recent residential development in the Greater Dublin Area The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 14 3 268 277 doi 10 1007 s11367 009 0059 7 S2CID 56212626 The GDA was split into four zones each encompassing development at increasing radii from Dublin s city centre namely city centre suburbs exurbs and commuter towns Spectorsky Auguste C 1955 The Exurbanites Lippincott Philadelphia J B Lippincott amp Co OCLC 476943 a b Zhang Ying Chen Zuzhan Sun Hongkai Zhang Shili Liu Haoqian December 1 2019 Study on the Utilization of Vacant Houses in Rural Exurbs Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy by Taking Shenjia Village in Hunan Province as an Example Earth and Environmental Science IOP conference series 371 2 22055 a b Ren Y Wei X Wei X Pan J Xie P Song X Peng D amp Zhao J 2011 Relationship between vegetation carbon storage and urbanization A case study of Xiamen China Forest Ecology and Management 261 7 1214 1223 doi 10 1016 j foreco 2010 12 038 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Vinzant Carol December 17 2007 Dog vs bear release the hounds A new weapon in the battle to keep New Jersey exurbs bear free New York 40 45 2 Salomatin Konstantin Moscow s poshest neighborhood is shockingly empty as money pours out of Russia business insider insider Retrieved August 11 2020 a b c Berube Alan Singer Audrey Wilson Jill H Frey William H October 2006 Finding Exurbia America s Fast Growing Communities at the Metropolitan Fringe Living Cities Census Series Washington D C The Brookings Institution Retrieved August 3 2020 We first identify exurbs using census tracts small areas with an average of 4 000 people and then aggregate these areas to the county level for further analysis Taylor Laura 2011 No boundaries exurbia and the study of contemporary urban dispersion GeoJournal 76 4 323 339 doi 10 1007 s10708 009 9300 y S2CID 128461360 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Exurb amp oldid 1123677226, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
