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U.S. Steel

March 10, 2023

United States Steel Corporation, more commonly known as U.S. Steel, is an American integrated steel producer headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with production operations primarily in the United States of America and in Central Europe. The company produces and sells steel products, including flat-rolled and tubular products for customers in industries across automotive, construction, consumer, electrical, industrial equipment, distribution, and energy. Operations also include iron ore and coke production facilities.[2]

United States Steel Corporation
TypePublic
NYSE: X
S&P 400 Component
IndustrySteel
FoundedMarch 2, 1901; 122 years ago (1901-03-02) by merger of Carnegie Steel with Federal Steel Company & the National Steel Company
FoundersAndrew Carnegie
Elbert Gary
William Moore
J. P. Morgan
Charles M. Schwab
HeadquartersU.S. Steel Tower
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsFlat-rolled steel
Tubular steel
Iron ore
Revenue US$20.275 billion (2021)[1]
US$4.946 billion (2021)[1]
US$4.174 billion (2021)[1]
Total assets US$17.816 billion (2021)[1]
Total equity US$9.010 billion (2021)[1]
Number of employees
24,540[1] (2021)
WebsiteUSSteel.com

It was the 8th largest steel producer in the world in 2008. By 2018, the company was the world's 38th-largest steel producer and the second-largest in the United States behind Nucor Corporation.

Though renamed USX Corporation in 1986, the company was renamed United States Steel in 2001 after spinning off its energy business, including Marathon Oil, and other assets from its core steel concern.

History

Formation

 
Share of the United States Steel Corporation, issued December 30, 1924

J. P. Morgan formed U.S. Steel on March 2, 1901 (incorporated on February 25, 1901),[3][4] by financing the merger of Andrew Carnegie's Carnegie Steel Company with Elbert H. Gary's Federal Steel Company and William Henry "Judge" Moore's National Steel Company[5][6] for $492 million ($17.1 billion today). At one time, U.S. Steel was the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world. It was capitalized at $1.4 billion ($45.6 billion today),[7] making it the world's first billion-dollar corporation.[8] The company established its headquarters in the Empire Building at 71 Broadway in New York City; it remained a major tenant in the building for 75 years.[9] Charles M. Schwab, the Carnegie Steel executive who originally suggested the merger to Morgan,[10] ultimately emerged as the new corporation's first President.[11]

In 1907 U.S. Steel bought its largest competitor, the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, which was headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. Tennessee Coal was replaced in the Dow Jones Industrial Average by the General Electric Company. The federal government attempted to use federal antitrust laws to break up U.S. Steel in 1911 (the same year Standard Oil was broken up), but that effort ultimately failed. In 1902, its first full year of operation, U.S. Steel made 67 percent of all the steel produced in the United States.[7] About 100 years later, as of 2001 it produced only 8 percent more than it did in 1902 and its shipments accounted for only about 8 percent of domestic consumption.[7]

According to the author Douglas Blackmon in Slavery by Another Name,[12] the growth of U.S. Steel and its subsidiaries in the South was partly dependent on the labor of cheaply paid black workers and exploited convicts. The company could obtain black labor at a fraction of the cost of white labor by taking advantage of the Black Codes and discriminatory laws passed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Southern states after the Reconstruction Era. In addition, U.S. Steel had agreements with more than 20 counties in Alabama to obtain the labor of its prisoners, often paying locals nine dollars a month for workers who would be forced into their mines through a system of convict leasing. This practice continued until at least the late 1920s. While some individuals were guilty of a crime they did not receive payment or recognition for their work; many died from abuse, malnutrition, and dire working and living conditions. This practice of convict leasing was fairly ubiquitous as eight Southern states had similar practices and many companies, as well as farmers, took advantage of this.[13][12]

The Corporation, as it was known on Wall Street,[7] was distinguished by its size, rather than for its efficiency or creativity during its heyday. In 1901, it controlled two-thirds of steel production[7] and, through its Pittsburgh Steamship Company, developed the largest commercial fleet on the Great Lakes.[14] Because of heavy debts taken on at the company's formation—Carnegie insisted on being paid in gold bonds for his stake—and fears of antitrust litigation, U.S. Steel moved cautiously. Competitors often innovated faster, especially Bethlehem Steel, run by Charles Schwab, U.S. Steel's former president. U.S. Steel's share of the expanding market slipped to 50 percent by 1911.[7] James A. Farrell was named president in 1911 and served until 1932.

In March 1908, the company formed the Committee on Safety of United States Steel following chairman Elbert H. Gary’s meetings on safety with casualty managers of the operating companies, thereby leading to the introduction of the modern “Safety First” movement.[15] The committee’s formation was intended not only to prevent worker accidents, but to safeguard the company against criticisms and legal liability.

Mid-century

U.S. Steel ranked 16th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts.[16] Production peaked at more than 35 million tons in 1953. Its employment was greatest in 1943, when it had more than 340,000 employees.[7]

The federal government intervened to try to control U.S. Steel. President Harry S. Truman attempted to take over its steel mills in 1952 to resolve a crisis with its union, the United Steelworkers of America. The Supreme Court blocked the takeover by ruling that the president did not have the Constitutional authority to seize the mills.[17] President John F. Kennedy was more successful in 1962 when he pressured the steel industry into reversing price increases that Kennedy considered dangerously inflationary.[18]

According to the author Dan Carter in The Politics Of Rage: George Wallace, The Origins Of The New Conservatism, And The Transformation Of American Politics, U.S. Steel strongly resisted Kennedy administration efforts to enlist Alabama businesses to support the desegregation of the University of Alabama, which race-baiting Gov. George Wallace had promised to block by standing in the schoolhouse door. Although the firm employed more than 30,000 workers in Birmingham, Ala., company president Roger M. Blough in 1963 "went out of his way to announce that any attempt to use his company position in Birmingham to pressure local whites was 'repugnant to me personally' and 'repugnant to my fellow officers at U.S. Steel.'"[19]

In the postwar years, the steel industry and heavy manufacturing went through a restructuring that caused a decline in U.S. Steel's need for labor, production, and portfolio. Many jobs moved offshore. By 2000, the company employed 52,500 people.[7]

 
The U.S. Steel Tower in downtown Pittsburgh

The USX period

In the early days of the Reagan Administration, steel firms won substantial tax breaks in order to compete with imported goods. But instead of modernizing their mills, steel companies shifted capital out of steel and into more profitable areas. In March 1982, U.S. Steel took its concessions and paid $1.4 billion in cash and $4.7 billion in loans for Marathon Oil, saving approximately $500 million in taxes through the merger. The architect of tax concessions to steel firms, Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA), complained that "we go out on a limb in Congress and we feel they should be putting it in steel."[20] The events are the subject of "The U.S. Steal Song" [21] by folk singer Anne Feeney.

In 1984 the federal government prevented U.S. Steel from acquiring National Steel, and political pressure from the United States Congress, as well as the United Steelworkers (USW), forced the company to abandon plans to import British Steel Corporation slabs.[7] U.S. Steel finally acquired National Steel's assets in 2003 after National Steel went bankrupt. As part of its diversification plan, U.S. Steel had acquired Marathon Oil on January 7, 1982, as well as Texas Oil and Gas several years later. Recognizing its new scope, it reorganized its holdings as USX Corporation in 1986, with U.S. Steel (renamed USS, Inc.) as a major subsidiary.[22]

About 22,000 USX employees stopped work on August 1, 1986, after the United Steelworkers of America and the company could not agree on new employee contract terms. This was characterized by the company as a strike and by the union as a lockout. This resulted in most USX facilities becoming idle until February 1, 1987, seriously degrading the steel division's market share. A compromise was brokered and accepted by the union membership on January 31, 1987.[23] On February 4, 1987, three days after the agreement had been reached to end the work stoppage, USX announced that four USX plants would remain closed permanently, eliminating about 3,500 union jobs.[23] The closure of so many plants created the term "rust belt" for a region of idle and derelict factories.

Corporate raider Carl Icahn launched a hostile takeover of the steel giant in late 1986 in the midst of the work stoppage. He conducted separate negotiations with the union and with management and proceeded to have proxy battles with shareholders and management. But he abandoned all efforts to buy out the company on January 8, 1987, a few weeks before union employees returned to work.[23]

Recent history

 
The U.S. Steel Tower in New York City (now One Liberty Plaza)

At the end of the twentieth century, the corporation was deriving much of its revenue and net income from its energy operations. Led by CEO Thomas Usher, U.S. Steel spun off Marathon and other non-steel assets (except railroad company Transtar) in October 2001. It expanded internationally for the first time by purchasing operations in Slovakia and Serbia.[24]

In the early 2010s, U.S. Steel began investing to upgrade software programs throughout their manufacturing facilities.[25]

In January 2012, U.S. Steel sold its Serbian mills outside Belgrade to the Serbian government, as their operations had been running at an economic loss.[26]

On May 2, 2014, U.S. Steel announced an undisclosed number of layoffs affecting employees worldwide.[27] On July 2, 2014, U.S. Steel was removed from S&P 500 index and placed in the S&P MidCap 400 Index, in light of its declining market capitalization.[28]

In October 2019, U.S. Steel announced a $700 million investment in Big River Steel, which became the first steel facility to be LEED-certified in 2017, in exchange for a 49.9% ownership interest.[29] In December 2020, U.S. Steel announced it would acquire the remaining ownership interest in Big River Steel for $774 million.[30][31][32] The acquisition was completed in January 2021.[33]

In February 2022, U.S. Steel began construction on a new mill in Osceola, Arkansas which will be operational by 2024.[34]

In April 2022, the electric arc furnace flat-rolled Big River Steel mill in Osceola became the first ResponsibleSteel site certified in North America following an independent audit by SRI Quality System Registrar (SRI).[35][36]

Railroad ownership

U.S. Steel once owned the Northampton and Bath Railroad.[37] The N&B was an 11-kilometer (6.8 mi) short-line railroad built in 1904 that served Atlas Cement in Northampton, Pennsylvania, and Keystone Cement in Bath, Pennsylvania.[38] By 1979 cement shipments had dropped off such that the railroad was no longer economically viable, and U.S. Steel abandoned the line. A 1.5-kilometer (0.93 mi) section of track was retained to serve Atlas Cement. The remainder of the right-of-way was transformed into the Nor-Bath Trail.[39] U.S. Steel also owned the Atlantic City Mine Railroad, whose 76.7-mile (123.4 km) line in Wyoming operated from 1962 until 1983 and served an iron ore mine north of Atlantic City, Wyoming.

Through its Transtar subsidiary, U.S. Steel also owned other railroads that served its mines and mills. Those properties included the Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway in the iron-mining region of northeast Minnesota; the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern that served its Gary Works in northwest Indiana; the Birmingham Southern Railroad serving the U.S. Steel mill in Birmingham, Alabama; and the Bessemer & Lake Erie and Union railroads in western Pennsylvania that delivered iron ore and provided plant-switching services at its mill complex in Braddock, Pennsylvania and coke works in Clairton, Pennsylvania.

U.S. Steel also owned a large Great Lakes commercial freighter fleet, under the Pittsburgh Steamship Company, that transported its raw materials from the Duluth area to Ashtabula, Ohio; Gary, Indiana; and Conneaut, Ohio. The laker fleet, the B&LE, and the DM&IR were acquired by Canadian National after U.S. Steel sold most of Transtar to that company. The ships are leased out to a different, domestic operator because of the United States cabotage law.

Inclusion in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (1901–1991)

U.S. Steel is a former Dow Jones Industrial Average component, listed from April 1, 1901, to May 3, 1991. It was removed under its USX Corporation name with Navistar International and Primerica.[40] An original member of the S&P 500 since 1957, U.S. Steel was removed from that index on July 2, 2014, due to declining market capitalization.[28][41]

Dividend history

The Board of Directors considers the declaration of dividends four times each year, with checks for dividends declared on common stock mailed for receipt on 10 March, June, September, and December. In 2008, the dividend was $0.30 per share, the highest in company history, but on April 27, 2009, it was reduced to $0.05 per share.[42] In February 2020, the dividend was reduced to $0.01 per share but was then later increased back to $0.05 per share in November 2021.[43][44] Dividends may be paid by mailed check, direct electronic deposit into a bank account, or be reinvested in additional shares of U.S. Steel common stock.[45]

Legal issues

Labor

U.S. Steel maintained the labor policies of Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie believed that “good wages and good workmen I know to be cheap labor.”[46] The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers union that represented workers at the Homestead, Pennsylvania, plant was, for many years, broken after a violent strike in 1892. U.S. Steel defeated another strike in 1901, the year it was founded. U.S. Steel built the city of Gary, Indiana, in 1906, and 100 years later it remained the location of the largest integrated steel mill in the Northern Hemisphere. U.S. Steel reached a détente with unions during World War I, when under pressure from the Wilson Administration it relaxed its opposition to unions enough to allow some to operate in certain factories. It returned to its previous policies as soon as the war ended, however, and in a 1919 strike defeated union-organizing efforts by William Z. Foster of the AFL.[47]

Heavy pressure from public opinion forced the company to give up its 12-hour day and adopt the standard eight-hour day.[48] During the 1920s, U.S. Steel, like many other large employers, coupled paternalistic employment practices with "employee representation plans" (ERPs), which were company unions sponsored by management. These ERPs eventually became an important factor leading to the organization of the United Steelworkers of America. The company dropped its hard-line, anti-union stance in 1937, when Myron Taylor, then president of U.S. Steel, agreed to recognize the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, an arm of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) led by John L. Lewis. Taylor was an outsider, brought in during the Great Depression to rescue U.S. Steel. Watching the upheaval caused by the United Auto Workers' successful sit-down strike in Flint, Michigan, and convinced that Lewis was someone he could deal with on a businesslike basis, Taylor sought stability through collective bargaining.[49][50]

Still, U.S. Steel worked hand-in-hand with the Birmingham (Alabama) Police Department as it vigorously investigated and targeted labor activities during the 1930s and 1940s. The corporation developed and fed information to a "Red Squad" of detectives "who used the city's vagrancy and criminal-anarchy statutes (liberally reinforced by backroom beatings) to strike at radical labor organizers." In the 1950s, those investigations shifted from labor to civil rights activists.[51]

The Steelworkers continue to have a contentious relationship with U.S. Steel, but far less so than the relationship that other unions had with employers in other industries[which?] in the United States. They launched a number of long strikes against U.S. Steel in 1946 and a 116-day strike in 1959, but those strikes were over wages and benefits and not the more fundamental issue of union recognition that led to violent strikes elsewhere.[52][53]

The Steelworkers union attempted to mollify the problems of competitive foreign imports by entering into a so-called Experimental Negotiation Agreement (ENA) in 1974. This was to provide for arbitration if the parties were not able to reach an agreement on any new collective bargaining agreements, thereby preventing disruptive strikes. The ENA failed to stop the decline of the steel industry in the U.S.[54]

U.S. Steel and the other employers terminated the ENA in 1984. In 1986, U.S. Steel employees stopped work after a dispute over contract terms, characterized by the company as a strike and by the union as a lockout. In a letter to striking employees in 1986, Johnston warned, "There are not enough seats in the steel lifeboat for everybody."[55] In addition to reducing the role of unions, the steel industry had sought to induce the federal government to take action to counteract the dumping of steel by foreign producers at below-market prices. Neither the concessions nor anti-dumping laws have restored the industry to the health and prestige it once had.[56]

In December 2022, a new four-year contract was ratified between members of the United Steelworkers union and U.S. Steel. This contract covers 11,000 workers at 13 locations. The new agreements were retroactive to September 1, 2022, and included a 5% base wage increase each year for the four years, a $4,000 bonus upon ratification of the deal, $0.50/hour increase in hourly contributions to the Steel Workers Pension Trust, $0.10/hour increase in 401(k) contributions, and uncapped profit-sharing.[57]

Environmental record

During the 1948 Donora smog, an air inversion trapped industrial effluent (air pollution) from the American Steel and Wire plant and U.S. Steel's Donora Zinc Works in Donora, Pennsylvania.[58]

In three days, 20 people died... After the inversion lifted, another 50 died, including Lukasz Musial, the father of baseball great Stan Musial. Hundreds more lived the rest of their lives with damaged lungs and hearts. But another 40 years would pass before the whole truth about Donora's bad air made public-health history.[59]

Today the Donora Smog Museum in that city tells of the influence that the hazardous Donora Smog had on the air quality standards enacted by the federal government in subsequent years.

Researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute have ranked U.S. Steel as the 58th-greatest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States (down from their 2000 ranking as the second-greatest).[60] In 2008, the company released more than one million kg (2.2 million pounds) of toxins, chiefly ammonia, hydrochloric acid, ethylene, zinc compounds, methanol, and benzene, but including manganese, cyanide, and chromium compounds.[61] In 2004, the city of River Rouge, Michigan, and the residents of River Rouge and the nearby city of Ecorse filed a class-action lawsuit against the company for "the release and discharge of air particulate matter...and other toxic and hazardous substances"[62] at its River Rouge plant.[63]

The company has also been implicated in generating water pollution and toxic waste. In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued an order for U.S. Steel to clean up a site on the Delaware River in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania, where the soil had been contaminated with arsenic, lead, and other heavy metals, as well as naphthalene. Groundwater at the site was found to be polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trichloroethylene (TCE).[64] In 2005, the EPA, United States Department of Justice, and the State of Ohio reached a settlement requiring U.S. Steel to pay more than $100,000 in penalties and $294,000 in reparations in answer to allegations that the company illegally released pollutants into Ohio waters.[65] U.S. Steel's Gary, Indiana facility has been repeatedly charged with discharging polluted wastewater into Lake Michigan and the Grand Calumet River. In 1998 the company agreed to payment of a $30 million settlement to clean up contaminated sediments from a five-mile (8 km) stretch of the river.[66]

With the exception of the Fairless Hills and Gary facilities, the lawsuits concern facilities acquired by U.S. Steel via its 2003 purchase of National Steel Corporation, not its historic facilities.

In 2021, U. S. Steel announced a goal to target net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The company previously set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 20% by 2030.[67]

Legacy

U.S. Steel Tower

The U.S. Steel Tower in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is named after the company and since 1970, the company's corporate headquarters have been located there. It is the tallest skyscraper in the downtown Pittsburgh skyline, built out of the company's Corten Steel.[68] New York City's One Liberty Plaza was also built by the corporation as that city's U.S. Steel Tower in 1973.[69]

 
The "Steelmark" logo, originated by U.S. Steel

When the Steelmark logo was created, U.S. Steel attached the following meaning to it: "Steel lightens your work, brightens your leisure and widens your world."[70] The logo was used as part of a major marketing campaign to educate consumers about how important steel is in people's daily lives. The Steelmark logo was used in print, radio and television ads as well as on labels for all steel products, from steel tanks to tricycles to filing cabinets.[71]

In the 1960s, U.S. Steel turned over the Steelmark program to the AISI, where it came to represent the steel industry as a whole. During the 1970s, the logo's meaning was extended to include the three materials used to produce steel: yellow for coal, orange for ore and blue for steel scrap. In the late 1980s, when the AISI founded the Steel Recycling Institute (SRI), the logo took on a new life reminiscent of its 1950s meaning.[72]

The Pittsburgh Steelers professional football team borrowed elements of its logo, a circle containing three hypocycloids, from the Steelmark logo belonging to the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and created by U.S. Steel. In the 1950s, when helmet logos became popular, the Steelers added players' numbers to either side of their gold helmets. Later that decade, the numbers were removed and in 1962, Cleveland's Republic Steel suggested to the Steelers that they use the Steelmark as a helmet logo.[73]

U.S. Steel financed and constructed the Unisphere in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens, New York, for the 1964 World's Fair. It is the largest globe ever made and is one of the world's largest free-standing sculptures.[74][75]

Fabrication of Chicago Picasso sculpture

The Chicago Picasso sculpture was fabricated by U.S. Steel in Gary, Indiana, before being disassembled and relocated to Chicago.[76] U.S. Steel donated the steel for the construction of St. Michael's Catholic Church in Chicago since 90 percent of the parishioners worked at its mills.[77]

United States Steel Hour television program and Walt Disney World involvement

U.S. Steel sponsored The United States Steel Hour television program from 1945 until 1963 on CBS. U.S. Steel built both the Disney's Contemporary Resort[78][79][80] and the Disney's Polynesian Resort in 1971 at Walt Disney World, in part to showcase its residential steel building "modular" products to high-end and luxury consumers.[81]

This same U.S. Steel manufacturing plant that was located on Disney property also helped build the now defunct Court of Flags Resort in Orlando, Florida, on Major Blvd.

Real estate development

U.S. Steel was also involved with Florida real estate development including building beachfront condominiums during the 1970s, such as Sand Key near Daytona Beach, Florida,[82][83][84] and the Pasadena Yacht and Country Club near St. Petersburg, Florida.[85]

Facilities

 
BOP Shop (Basic Oxygen Process) and Ladle Metallurgy Facility of the Edgar Thomson works, as of the mid-1990s

U.S. Steel has multiple domestic and international facilities.[86]

Of note in the United States is Clairton Works, Edgar Thomson Works, and Irvin Plant, which are all members of Mon Valley Works [87] just outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Clairton Works is the largest coking facility in North America. Edgar Thomson Works is one of the oldest steel mills in the world. The company acquired Great Lakes Works and Granite City Works, both large integrated steel mills, in 2003 and is partnered with Severstal North America in operating the world's largest electro-galvanizing line, Double Eagle Steel Coating Company at the historic Rouge complex in Dearborn, Michigan.

U.S. Steel's largest domestic facility is Gary Works, in Gary, Indiana, on the shore of Lake Michigan. For many years, the Gary Works Plant was the world-largest steel mill and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America. It was built in 1906 and has been operating since June 28, 1908. Gary is also home to the U.S. Steel Yard baseball stadium.

U.S. Steel operates a tin mill in East Chicago now known as East Chicago Tin.[88] The mill was idled in 2015, but reopened shortly after.[89] The mill was then 'permanently idled' in 2019, however the facility remains in possession of the corporation as of early 2020.[90]

U.S. Steel operates a sheet and tin finishing facility in Portage, Indiana, known as Midwest Plant, acquired after the National Steel Corporation bankruptcy. U.S. Steel acquired National Steel Corporation in May 2003 for $850 million and assumption of $200 million in debt. U.S. Steel operates Great Lakes Works[91] in Ecorse, Michigan, Midwest Plant in Portage, Indiana, and Granite City Steel in Granite City, Illinois. In 2008 a major expansion of Granite City was announced, including a new coke plant with an annual capacity of 650,000 tons.[92]

U.S. Steel operates Fairfield Works in Fairfield, Alabama (Birmingham), employing 1,500 people, and operates a sheet galvanizing operation at the Fairless Works facility in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania, employing 75 people.

U.S. Steel operates three pipe mills: Fairfield Tubular Operations in Fairfield, Alabama (Birmingham), McKeesport Tubular Operations, in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, and Texas Operations (Formerly Lone Star Steel) in Lone Star, Texas. A fourth pipe mill, Lorain Tubular Operations in Lorain, Ohio is no longer operating at this time.

U.S. Steel operates two major taconite mining and pelletizing operations in northeastern Minnesota's Iron Range under the operating name Minnesota Ore Operations. The Minntac mine is located near Mountain Iron, Minnesota, and the Keetac mine is near Keewatin, Minnesota. U.S. Steel announced on February 1, 2008, that it would be investing approximately $300 million in upgrading (project later abandoned) the operations at Keetac, a facility purchased in 2003 from the now-defunct National Steel Corporation.[93] In December 2022, an investment of $150 million was made in the plant.[94]

U.S. Steel has completely closed nine of its major integrated mills. The Duluth Works in Duluth, Minnesota, closed in 1973. The Ohio Works and Macdonald Works in Youngstown, Ohio, closed in 1980, the Duquesne Works in Duquesne, Pennsylvania, and Ensley Works in Ensley, Alabama in 1984, the Homestead Works in Homestead, Pennsylvania, in 1986. Geneva Steel in Vineyard, Utah, was sold in 1987, South Chicago's South Works closed in 1992, followed by the National Tube Works in Mckeesport, Pennsylvania, in 2014.

Internationally, U.S. Steel operates facilities in Slovakia (former East Slovakian Iron Works in Košice). It also operated facilities in Serbia – former Sartid with facilities in Smederevo (steel plant, hot and cold mill) and Šabac (tin mill).[95]

U.S. Steel added facilities in Texas with the purchase of Lone Star Steel Company in 2007.[96]

The company operates two joint ventures in Pittsburg, California, with POSCO of South Korea.[97]

U.S. Steel added facilities in Hamilton and Nanticoke, Ontario, Canada, with the purchase of Stelco (now U.S. Steel Canada) in 2007.[98] These facilities were sold in 2016 to venture capital firm Bedrock Resources and has since been renamed Stelco. The blast furnaces in Hamilton have not been reactivated as they were shut down by U.S. Steel in 2013, but those at Nanticoke are functional.[99]

The company opened a training facility, the Mon Valley Works Training Hub, in Duquesne, Pennsylvania, in 2008. The state-of-the-art facility, located on a portion of the property once occupied by the company's Duquesne Works, serves as the primary training site for employees at U.S. Steel's three Pittsburgh-area Mon Valley Works locations. This site also served as the company's temporary technical support headquarters during the 2009 G20 Summit.[100]

In January 2021, U.S. Steel fully acquired Big River Steel in northeast Arkansas. [101][102] In February 2022, U.S. Steel began construction of a new mill in Osceola, Arkansas, which is expected to be operational by 2024.[103]The new Osceola plant will be adjacent to U.S. Steel's Big River Steel. Together the facilities will be known as Big River Steel Works.[104]

In June 2022, U.S. Steel signed a non-binding letter of intent with SunCoke Energy that would allow SunCoke to purchase two blast furnaces from U.S. Steel’s Granite City Works for use in pig iron fabrication.[105]

List of presidents and chairmen

Presidents

Chairmen of the Board of Directors

See also

References

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Bibliography

  • Brawley, Mark R. " 'And we would have the field': US Steel and American trade policy, 1908–1912." Business and Politics 19.3 (2017): 424-453.
  • Brody, David (1987). Labor in Crisis: The Steel Strike of 1919. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-01373-7.
  • Burn, Duncan (1961). The Steel Industry, 1939–1959: A Study in Competition and Planning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-04385-4.
  • Hall, Christopher G.L. Steel phoenix: The fall and rise of the US steel industry (Palgrave Macmillan, 1997)
  • Meade, Edward Sherwood (August 1901). "The Genesis of the United States Steel Corporation". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 15 (4): 517–550. doi:10.2307/1884974. JSTOR 1884974.
  • Meade, Edward Sherwood (February 1902). "Capitalization of the United States Steel Corporation". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 16 (2): 214–232. doi:10.2307/1882744. JSTOR 1882744.
  • Misa, Thomas (1998). Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865–1925. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6052-2.
  • Scheuerman, William (1986). The Steel Crisis: The Economics and Politics of a Declining Industry. New York: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-92124-8.
  • Seely, Bruce Edsall, ed. Iron and Steel in the Twentieth Century (Facts on File, 1994) 512pp, an encyclopedia
  • Urofsky, Melvin (1969). Big Steel and the Wilson Administration: A Study in Business-Government Relations. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press.
  • Warne, Colston (1963). R.D. Cross (ed.). The Steel Strike of 1919. D. C. Heath.
  • Warren, Kenneth (2001). Big Steel: The First Century of the United States Steel Corporation, 1901–2001. University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-8229-4160-6.
  • Warren, Kenneth. The American steel industry, 1850–1970: a geographical interpretation (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987)
  • "History of U.S. Steel". U.S. Steel. Retrieved 2008-08-03.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to U.S. Steel.
  • Official website
  • Business data for U.S. Steel:
    • Bloomberg
    • Google
    • Reuters
    • SEC filings
    • Yahoo!
  • Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. PA-49, "U.S. Steel Corporation, Clairton Works"
  • HAER No. PA-49-A, "U.S. Steel Corporation, Clairton Works, Blast Furnace Blowing Engine Building"
  • HAER No. PA-49-B, "U.S. Steel Corporation, Clairton Works, 14-Inch Mill Engines No. 1 & No. 2"
  • HAER No. PA-49-C, "U.S. Steel Corporation, Clairton Works, 22-Inch Mill Engine"
  • HAER No. PA-115, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works"
  • HAER No. PA-115-A, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Blast Furnace Plant"
  • HAER No. PA-115-B, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Plant"
  • HAER No. PA-115-C, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Electric Furnace Steelmaking Plant"
  • HAER No. PA-115-D, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Primary Mill"
  • HAER No. PA-115-E, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Fuel & Utilities Plant"
  • HAER No. PA-115-F, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Auxiliary Buildings & Shops"
  • HAER No. PA-115-G, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, 22-Inch Bar Mill"
  • HAER No. PA-115-H, "U.S. Steel Duquesne Works, Heat Treatment Plant"
  • U.S. Steel Gary Works Photograph Collection, 1906–1971
  • U.S. Steel Movie clip of the Contemporary Resort Construction, on BigFloridaCountry.com
  • The "World's Largest Plate Mill," formerly a part of U.S. Steel-Gary Works
  • History of the United States Steel Corporation, 1873–2011
  • Guide to United States Steel Corporation. Training manuals. 5342. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Martin P. Catherwood Library, Cornell University.
  • Fortune Magazine 1959 "Fortune 500" list

Archives and records

  • United States Steel Corporation photographs at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School.

March 10, 2023
steel, united, states, steel, corporation, more, commonly, known, american, integrated, steel, producer, headquartered, pittsburgh, pennsylvania, with, production, operations, primarily, united, states, america, central, europe, company, produces, sells, steel. United States Steel Corporation more commonly known as U S Steel is an American integrated steel producer headquartered in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania with production operations primarily in the United States of America and in Central Europe The company produces and sells steel products including flat rolled and tubular products for customers in industries across automotive construction consumer electrical industrial equipment distribution and energy Operations also include iron ore and coke production facilities 2 United States Steel CorporationTypePublicTraded asNYSE XS amp P 400 ComponentIndustrySteelFoundedMarch 2 1901 122 years ago 1901 03 02 by merger of Carnegie Steel with Federal Steel Company amp the National Steel CompanyFoundersAndrew CarnegieElbert GaryWilliam MooreJ P MorganCharles M SchwabHeadquartersU S Steel TowerPittsburgh Pennsylvania USArea servedWorldwideKey peopleDavid S Sutherland wbr chairman David Burritt president and wbr CEO ProductsFlat rolled steelTubular steelIron oreRevenueUS 20 275 billion 2021 1 Operating incomeUS 4 946 billion 2021 1 Net incomeUS 4 174 billion 2021 1 Total assetsUS 17 816 billion 2021 1 Total equityUS 9 010 billion 2021 1 Number of employees24 540 1 2021 WebsiteUSSteel comIt was the 8th largest steel producer in the world in 2008 By 2018 the company was the world s 38th largest steel producer and the second largest in the United States behind Nucor Corporation Though renamed USX Corporation in 1986 the company was renamed United States Steel in 2001 after spinning off its energy business including Marathon Oil and other assets from its core steel concern Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation 1 2 Mid century 1 3 The USX period 1 4 Recent history 1 5 Railroad ownership 1 6 Inclusion in the Dow Jones Industrial Average 1901 1991 1 7 Dividend history 2 Legal issues 2 1 Labor 2 2 Environmental record 3 Legacy 3 1 U S Steel Tower 3 2 Steelmark logo 3 3 Fabrication of Chicago Picasso sculpture 3 4 United States Steel Hour television program and Walt Disney World involvement 3 5 Real estate development 4 Facilities 5 List of presidents and chairmen 5 1 Presidents 5 2 Chairmen of the Board of Directors 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External links 10 Archives and recordsHistory EditFormation Edit Share of the United States Steel Corporation issued December 30 1924 J P Morgan formed U S Steel on March 2 1901 incorporated on February 25 1901 3 4 by financing the merger of Andrew Carnegie s Carnegie Steel Company with Elbert H Gary s Federal Steel Company and William Henry Judge Moore s National Steel Company 5 6 for 492 million 17 1 billion today At one time U S Steel was the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world It was capitalized at 1 4 billion 45 6 billion today 7 making it the world s first billion dollar corporation 8 The company established its headquarters in the Empire Building at 71 Broadway in New York City it remained a major tenant in the building for 75 years 9 Charles M Schwab the Carnegie Steel executive who originally suggested the merger to Morgan 10 ultimately emerged as the new corporation s first President 11 In 1907 U S Steel bought its largest competitor the Tennessee Coal Iron and Railroad Company which was headquartered in Birmingham Alabama Tennessee Coal was replaced in the Dow Jones Industrial Average by the General Electric Company The federal government attempted to use federal antitrust laws to break up U S Steel in 1911 the same year Standard Oil was broken up but that effort ultimately failed In 1902 its first full year of operation U S Steel made 67 percent of all the steel produced in the United States 7 About 100 years later as of 2001 it produced only 8 percent more than it did in 1902 and its shipments accounted for only about 8 percent of domestic consumption 7 According to the author Douglas Blackmon in Slavery by Another Name 12 the growth of U S Steel and its subsidiaries in the South was partly dependent on the labor of cheaply paid black workers and exploited convicts The company could obtain black labor at a fraction of the cost of white labor by taking advantage of the Black Codes and discriminatory laws passed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Southern states after the Reconstruction Era In addition U S Steel had agreements with more than 20 counties in Alabama to obtain the labor of its prisoners often paying locals nine dollars a month for workers who would be forced into their mines through a system of convict leasing This practice continued until at least the late 1920s While some individuals were guilty of a crime they did not receive payment or recognition for their work many died from abuse malnutrition and dire working and living conditions This practice of convict leasing was fairly ubiquitous as eight Southern states had similar practices and many companies as well as farmers took advantage of this 13 12 The Corporation as it was known on Wall Street 7 was distinguished by its size rather than for its efficiency or creativity during its heyday In 1901 it controlled two thirds of steel production 7 and through its Pittsburgh Steamship Company developed the largest commercial fleet on the Great Lakes 14 Because of heavy debts taken on at the company s formation Carnegie insisted on being paid in gold bonds for his stake and fears of antitrust litigation U S Steel moved cautiously Competitors often innovated faster especially Bethlehem Steel run by Charles Schwab U S Steel s former president U S Steel s share of the expanding market slipped to 50 percent by 1911 7 James A Farrell was named president in 1911 and served until 1932 In March 1908 the company formed the Committee on Safety of United States Steel following chairman Elbert H Gary s meetings on safety with casualty managers of the operating companies thereby leading to the introduction of the modern Safety First movement 15 The committee s formation was intended not only to prevent worker accidents but to safeguard the company against criticisms and legal liability Mid century Edit U S Steel ranked 16th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts 16 Production peaked at more than 35 million tons in 1953 Its employment was greatest in 1943 when it had more than 340 000 employees 7 The federal government intervened to try to control U S Steel President Harry S Truman attempted to take over its steel mills in 1952 to resolve a crisis with its union the United Steelworkers of America The Supreme Court blocked the takeover by ruling that the president did not have the Constitutional authority to seize the mills 17 President John F Kennedy was more successful in 1962 when he pressured the steel industry into reversing price increases that Kennedy considered dangerously inflationary 18 According to the author Dan Carter in The Politics Of Rage George Wallace The Origins Of The New Conservatism And The Transformation Of American Politics U S Steel strongly resisted Kennedy administration efforts to enlist Alabama businesses to support the desegregation of the University of Alabama which race baiting Gov George Wallace had promised to block by standing in the schoolhouse door Although the firm employed more than 30 000 workers in Birmingham Ala company president Roger M Blough in 1963 went out of his way to announce that any attempt to use his company position in Birmingham to pressure local whites was repugnant to me personally and repugnant to my fellow officers at U S Steel 19 In the postwar years the steel industry and heavy manufacturing went through a restructuring that caused a decline in U S Steel s need for labor production and portfolio Many jobs moved offshore By 2000 the company employed 52 500 people 7 The U S Steel Tower in downtown Pittsburgh The USX period Edit In the early days of the Reagan Administration steel firms won substantial tax breaks in order to compete with imported goods But instead of modernizing their mills steel companies shifted capital out of steel and into more profitable areas In March 1982 U S Steel took its concessions and paid 1 4 billion in cash and 4 7 billion in loans for Marathon Oil saving approximately 500 million in taxes through the merger The architect of tax concessions to steel firms Senator Arlen Specter R PA complained that we go out on a limb in Congress and we feel they should be putting it in steel 20 The events are the subject of The U S Steal Song 21 by folk singer Anne Feeney In 1984 the federal government prevented U S Steel from acquiring National Steel and political pressure from the United States Congress as well as the United Steelworkers USW forced the company to abandon plans to import British Steel Corporation slabs 7 U S Steel finally acquired National Steel s assets in 2003 after National Steel went bankrupt As part of its diversification plan U S Steel had acquired Marathon Oil on January 7 1982 as well as Texas Oil and Gas several years later Recognizing its new scope it reorganized its holdings as USX Corporation in 1986 with U S Steel renamed USS Inc as a major subsidiary 22 About 22 000 USX employees stopped work on August 1 1986 after the United Steelworkers of America and the company could not agree on new employee contract terms This was characterized by the company as a strike and by the union as a lockout This resulted in most USX facilities becoming idle until February 1 1987 seriously degrading the steel division s market share A compromise was brokered and accepted by the union membership on January 31 1987 23 On February 4 1987 three days after the agreement had been reached to end the work stoppage USX announced that four USX plants would remain closed permanently eliminating about 3 500 union jobs 23 The closure of so many plants created the term rust belt for a region of idle and derelict factories Corporate raider Carl Icahn launched a hostile takeover of the steel giant in late 1986 in the midst of the work stoppage He conducted separate negotiations with the union and with management and proceeded to have proxy battles with shareholders and management But he abandoned all efforts to buy out the company on January 8 1987 a few weeks before union employees returned to work 23 Recent history Edit The U S Steel Tower in New York City now One Liberty Plaza At the end of the twentieth century the corporation was deriving much of its revenue and net income from its energy operations Led by CEO Thomas Usher U S Steel spun off Marathon and other non steel assets except railroad company Transtar in October 2001 It expanded internationally for the first time by purchasing operations in Slovakia and Serbia 24 In the early 2010s U S Steel began investing to upgrade software programs throughout their manufacturing facilities 25 In January 2012 U S Steel sold its Serbian mills outside Belgrade to the Serbian government as their operations had been running at an economic loss 26 On May 2 2014 U S Steel announced an undisclosed number of layoffs affecting employees worldwide 27 On July 2 2014 U S Steel was removed from S amp P 500 index and placed in the S amp P MidCap 400 Index in light of its declining market capitalization 28 In October 2019 U S Steel announced a 700 million investment in Big River Steel which became the first steel facility to be LEED certified in 2017 in exchange for a 49 9 ownership interest 29 In December 2020 U S Steel announced it would acquire the remaining ownership interest in Big River Steel for 774 million 30 31 32 The acquisition was completed in January 2021 33 In February 2022 U S Steel began construction on a new mill in Osceola Arkansas which will be operational by 2024 34 In April 2022 the electric arc furnace flat rolled Big River Steel mill in Osceola became the first ResponsibleSteel site certified in North America following an independent audit by SRI Quality System Registrar SRI 35 36 Railroad ownership Edit U S Steel once owned the Northampton and Bath Railroad 37 The N amp B was an 11 kilometer 6 8 mi short line railroad built in 1904 that served Atlas Cement in Northampton Pennsylvania and Keystone Cement in Bath Pennsylvania 38 By 1979 cement shipments had dropped off such that the railroad was no longer economically viable and U S Steel abandoned the line A 1 5 kilometer 0 93 mi section of track was retained to serve Atlas Cement The remainder of the right of way was transformed into the Nor Bath Trail 39 U S Steel also owned the Atlantic City Mine Railroad whose 76 7 mile 123 4 km line in Wyoming operated from 1962 until 1983 and served an iron ore mine north of Atlantic City Wyoming Through its Transtar subsidiary U S Steel also owned other railroads that served its mines and mills Those properties included the Duluth Missabe amp Iron Range Railway in the iron mining region of northeast Minnesota the Elgin Joliet amp Eastern that served its Gary Works in northwest Indiana the Birmingham Southern Railroad serving the U S Steel mill in Birmingham Alabama and the Bessemer amp Lake Erie and Union railroads in western Pennsylvania that delivered iron ore and provided plant switching services at its mill complex in Braddock Pennsylvania and coke works in Clairton Pennsylvania U S Steel also owned a large Great Lakes commercial freighter fleet under the Pittsburgh Steamship Company that transported its raw materials from the Duluth area to Ashtabula Ohio Gary Indiana and Conneaut Ohio The laker fleet the B amp LE and the DM amp IR were acquired by Canadian National after U S Steel sold most of Transtar to that company The ships are leased out to a different domestic operator because of the United States cabotage law Inclusion in the Dow Jones Industrial Average 1901 1991 Edit U S Steel is a former Dow Jones Industrial Average component listed from April 1 1901 to May 3 1991 It was removed under its USX Corporation name with Navistar International and Primerica 40 An original member of the S amp P 500 since 1957 U S Steel was removed from that index on July 2 2014 due to declining market capitalization 28 41 Dividend history Edit The Board of Directors considers the declaration of dividends four times each year with checks for dividends declared on common stock mailed for receipt on 10 March June September and December In 2008 the dividend was 0 30 per share the highest in company history but on April 27 2009 it was reduced to 0 05 per share 42 In February 2020 the dividend was reduced to 0 01 per share but was then later increased back to 0 05 per share in November 2021 43 44 Dividends may be paid by mailed check direct electronic deposit into a bank account or be reinvested in additional shares of U S Steel common stock 45 Legal issues EditLabor Edit U S Steel maintained the labor policies of Andrew Carnegie Carnegie believed that good wages and good workmen I know to be cheap labor 46 The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers union that represented workers at the Homestead Pennsylvania plant was for many years broken after a violent strike in 1892 U S Steel defeated another strike in 1901 the year it was founded U S Steel built the city of Gary Indiana in 1906 and 100 years later it remained the location of the largest integrated steel mill in the Northern Hemisphere U S Steel reached a detente with unions during World War I when under pressure from the Wilson Administration it relaxed its opposition to unions enough to allow some to operate in certain factories It returned to its previous policies as soon as the war ended however and in a 1919 strike defeated union organizing efforts by William Z Foster of the AFL 47 Heavy pressure from public opinion forced the company to give up its 12 hour day and adopt the standard eight hour day 48 During the 1920s U S Steel like many other large employers coupled paternalistic employment practices with employee representation plans ERPs which were company unions sponsored by management These ERPs eventually became an important factor leading to the organization of the United Steelworkers of America The company dropped its hard line anti union stance in 1937 when Myron Taylor then president of U S Steel agreed to recognize the Steel Workers Organizing Committee an arm of the Congress of Industrial Organizations CIO led by John L Lewis Taylor was an outsider brought in during the Great Depression to rescue U S Steel Watching the upheaval caused by the United Auto Workers successful sit down strike in Flint Michigan and convinced that Lewis was someone he could deal with on a businesslike basis Taylor sought stability through collective bargaining 49 50 Still U S Steel worked hand in hand with the Birmingham Alabama Police Department as it vigorously investigated and targeted labor activities during the 1930s and 1940s The corporation developed and fed information to a Red Squad of detectives who used the city s vagrancy and criminal anarchy statutes liberally reinforced by backroom beatings to strike at radical labor organizers In the 1950s those investigations shifted from labor to civil rights activists 51 The Steelworkers continue to have a contentious relationship with U S Steel but far less so than the relationship that other unions had with employers in other industries which in the United States They launched a number of long strikes against U S Steel in 1946 and a 116 day strike in 1959 but those strikes were over wages and benefits and not the more fundamental issue of union recognition that led to violent strikes elsewhere 52 53 The Steelworkers union attempted to mollify the problems of competitive foreign imports by entering into a so called Experimental Negotiation Agreement ENA in 1974 This was to provide for arbitration if the parties were not able to reach an agreement on any new collective bargaining agreements thereby preventing disruptive strikes The ENA failed to stop the decline of the steel industry in the U S 54 U S Steel and the other employers terminated the ENA in 1984 In 1986 U S Steel employees stopped work after a dispute over contract terms characterized by the company as a strike and by the union as a lockout In a letter to striking employees in 1986 Johnston warned There are not enough seats in the steel lifeboat for everybody 55 In addition to reducing the role of unions the steel industry had sought to induce the federal government to take action to counteract the dumping of steel by foreign producers at below market prices Neither the concessions nor anti dumping laws have restored the industry to the health and prestige it once had 56 In December 2022 a new four year contract was ratified between members of the United Steelworkers union and U S Steel This contract covers 11 000 workers at 13 locations The new agreements were retroactive to September 1 2022 and included a 5 base wage increase each year for the four years a 4 000 bonus upon ratification of the deal 0 50 hour increase in hourly contributions to the Steel Workers Pension Trust 0 10 hour increase in 401 k contributions and uncapped profit sharing 57 Environmental record Edit During the 1948 Donora smog an air inversion trapped industrial effluent air pollution from the American Steel and Wire plant and U S Steel s Donora Zinc Works in Donora Pennsylvania 58 In three days 20 people died After the inversion lifted another 50 died including Lukasz Musial the father of baseball great Stan Musial Hundreds more lived the rest of their lives with damaged lungs and hearts But another 40 years would pass before the whole truth about Donora s bad air made public health history 59 Today the Donora Smog Museum in that city tells of the influence that the hazardous Donora Smog had on the air quality standards enacted by the federal government in subsequent years Researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute have ranked U S Steel as the 58th greatest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States down from their 2000 ranking as the second greatest 60 In 2008 the company released more than one million kg 2 2 million pounds of toxins chiefly ammonia hydrochloric acid ethylene zinc compounds methanol and benzene but including manganese cyanide and chromium compounds 61 In 2004 the city of River Rouge Michigan and the residents of River Rouge and the nearby city of Ecorse filed a class action lawsuit against the company for the release and discharge of air particulate matter and other toxic and hazardous substances 62 at its River Rouge plant 63 The company has also been implicated in generating water pollution and toxic waste In 1993 the Environmental Protection Agency EPA issued an order for U S Steel to clean up a site on the Delaware River in Fairless Hills Pennsylvania where the soil had been contaminated with arsenic lead and other heavy metals as well as naphthalene Groundwater at the site was found to be polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trichloroethylene TCE 64 In 2005 the EPA United States Department of Justice and the State of Ohio reached a settlement requiring U S Steel to pay more than 100 000 in penalties and 294 000 in reparations in answer to allegations that the company illegally released pollutants into Ohio waters 65 U S Steel s Gary Indiana facility has been repeatedly charged with discharging polluted wastewater into Lake Michigan and the Grand Calumet River In 1998 the company agreed to payment of a 30 million settlement to clean up contaminated sediments from a five mile 8 km stretch of the river 66 With the exception of the Fairless Hills and Gary facilities the lawsuits concern facilities acquired by U S Steel via its 2003 purchase of National Steel Corporation not its historic facilities In 2021 U S Steel announced a goal to target net zero carbon emissions by 2050 The company previously set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 20 by 2030 67 Legacy EditU S Steel Tower Edit The U S Steel Tower in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania is named after the company and since 1970 the company s corporate headquarters have been located there It is the tallest skyscraper in the downtown Pittsburgh skyline built out of the company s Corten Steel 68 New York City s One Liberty Plaza was also built by the corporation as that city s U S Steel Tower in 1973 69 Steelmark logo Edit The Steelmark logo originated by U S Steel When the Steelmark logo was created U S Steel attached the following meaning to it Steel lightens your work brightens your leisure and widens your world 70 The logo was used as part of a major marketing campaign to educate consumers about how important steel is in people s daily lives The Steelmark logo was used in print radio and television ads as well as on labels for all steel products from steel tanks to tricycles to filing cabinets 71 In the 1960s U S Steel turned over the Steelmark program to the AISI where it came to represent the steel industry as a whole During the 1970s the logo s meaning was extended to include the three materials used to produce steel yellow for coal orange for ore and blue for steel scrap In the late 1980s when the AISI founded the Steel Recycling Institute SRI the logo took on a new life reminiscent of its 1950s meaning 72 The Pittsburgh Steelers professional football team borrowed elements of its logo a circle containing three hypocycloids from the Steelmark logo belonging to the American Iron and Steel Institute AISI and created by U S Steel In the 1950s when helmet logos became popular the Steelers added players numbers to either side of their gold helmets Later that decade the numbers were removed and in 1962 Cleveland s Republic Steel suggested to the Steelers that they use the Steelmark as a helmet logo 73 U S Steel financed and constructed the Unisphere in Flushing Meadows Corona Park Queens New York for the 1964 World s Fair It is the largest globe ever made and is one of the world s largest free standing sculptures 74 75 Fabrication of Chicago Picasso sculpture Edit The Chicago Picasso sculpture was fabricated by U S Steel in Gary Indiana before being disassembled and relocated to Chicago 76 U S Steel donated the steel for the construction of St Michael s Catholic Church in Chicago since 90 percent of the parishioners worked at its mills 77 United States Steel Hour television program and Walt Disney World involvement Edit U S Steel sponsored The United States Steel Hour television program from 1945 until 1963 on CBS U S Steel built both the Disney s Contemporary Resort 78 79 80 and the Disney s Polynesian Resort in 1971 at Walt Disney World in part to showcase its residential steel building modular products to high end and luxury consumers 81 This same U S Steel manufacturing plant that was located on Disney property also helped build the now defunct Court of Flags Resort in Orlando Florida on Major Blvd Real estate development Edit U S Steel was also involved with Florida real estate development including building beachfront condominiums during the 1970s such as Sand Key near Daytona Beach Florida 82 83 84 and the Pasadena Yacht and Country Club near St Petersburg Florida 85 Facilities Edit BOP Shop Basic Oxygen Process and Ladle Metallurgy Facility of the Edgar Thomson works as of the mid 1990s U S Steel has multiple domestic and international facilities 86 Of note in the United States is Clairton Works Edgar Thomson Works and Irvin Plant which are all members of Mon Valley Works 87 just outside Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Clairton Works is the largest coking facility in North America Edgar Thomson Works is one of the oldest steel mills in the world The company acquired Great Lakes Works and Granite City Works both large integrated steel mills in 2003 and is partnered with Severstal North America in operating the world s largest electro galvanizing line Double Eagle Steel Coating Company at the historic Rouge complex in Dearborn Michigan U S Steel s largest domestic facility is Gary Works in Gary Indiana on the shore of Lake Michigan For many years the Gary Works Plant was the world largest steel mill and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America It was built in 1906 and has been operating since June 28 1908 Gary is also home to the U S Steel Yard baseball stadium U S Steel operates a tin mill in East Chicago now known as East Chicago Tin 88 The mill was idled in 2015 but reopened shortly after 89 The mill was then permanently idled in 2019 however the facility remains in possession of the corporation as of early 2020 90 U S Steel operates a sheet and tin finishing facility in Portage Indiana known as Midwest Plant acquired after the National Steel Corporation bankruptcy U S Steel acquired National Steel Corporation in May 2003 for 850 million and assumption of 200 million in debt U S Steel operates Great Lakes Works 91 in Ecorse Michigan Midwest Plant in Portage Indiana and Granite City Steel in Granite City Illinois In 2008 a major expansion of Granite City was announced including a new coke plant with an annual capacity of 650 000 tons 92 U S Steel operates Fairfield Works in Fairfield Alabama Birmingham employing 1 500 people and operates a sheet galvanizing operation at the Fairless Works facility in Fairless Hills Pennsylvania employing 75 people U S Steel operates three pipe mills Fairfield Tubular Operations in Fairfield Alabama Birmingham McKeesport Tubular Operations in McKeesport Pennsylvania and Texas Operations Formerly Lone Star Steel in Lone Star Texas A fourth pipe mill Lorain Tubular Operations in Lorain Ohio is no longer operating at this time U S Steel operates two major taconite mining and pelletizing operations in northeastern Minnesota s Iron Range under the operating name Minnesota Ore Operations The Minntac mine is located near Mountain Iron Minnesota and the Keetac mine is near Keewatin Minnesota U S Steel announced on February 1 2008 that it would be investing approximately 300 million in upgrading project later abandoned the operations at Keetac a facility purchased in 2003 from the now defunct National Steel Corporation 93 In December 2022 an investment of 150 million was made in the plant 94 U S Steel has completely closed nine of its major integrated mills The Duluth Works in Duluth Minnesota closed in 1973 The Ohio Works and Macdonald Works in Youngstown Ohio closed in 1980 the Duquesne Works in Duquesne Pennsylvania and Ensley Works in Ensley Alabama in 1984 the Homestead Works in Homestead Pennsylvania in 1986 Geneva Steel in Vineyard Utah was sold in 1987 South Chicago s South Works closed in 1992 followed by the National Tube Works in Mckeesport Pennsylvania in 2014 Internationally U S Steel operates facilities in Slovakia former East Slovakian Iron Works in Kosice It also operated facilities in Serbia former Sartid with facilities in Smederevo steel plant hot and cold mill and Sabac tin mill 95 U S Steel added facilities in Texas with the purchase of Lone Star Steel Company in 2007 96 The company operates two joint ventures in Pittsburg California with POSCO of South Korea 97 U S Steel added facilities in Hamilton and Nanticoke Ontario Canada with the purchase of Stelco now U S Steel Canada in 2007 98 These facilities were sold in 2016 to venture capital firm Bedrock Resources and has since been renamed Stelco The blast furnaces in Hamilton have not been reactivated as they were shut down by U S Steel in 2013 but those at Nanticoke are functional 99 The company opened a training facility the Mon Valley Works Training Hub in Duquesne Pennsylvania in 2008 The state of the art facility located on a portion of the property once occupied by the company s Duquesne Works serves as the primary training site for employees at U S Steel s three Pittsburgh area Mon Valley Works locations This site also served as the company s temporary technical support headquarters during the 2009 G20 Summit 100 In January 2021 U S Steel fully acquired Big River Steel in northeast Arkansas 101 102 In February 2022 U S Steel began construction of a new mill in Osceola Arkansas which is expected to be operational by 2024 103 The new Osceola plant will be adjacent to U S Steel s Big River Steel Together the facilities will be known as Big River Steel Works 104 In June 2022 U S Steel signed a non binding letter of intent with SunCoke Energy that would allow SunCoke to purchase two blast furnaces from U S Steel s Granite City Works for use in pig iron fabrication 105 List of presidents and chairmen EditPresidents Edit Charles M Schwab 1901 1903 106 Elbert H Gary 1903 1911 James Augustine Farrell Sr 1911 1932 Note His obituary says he was president starting in 1911 107 William A Irvin 19 April 1932 1 January 1938 108 Benjamin Franklin Fairless 1938 1952 109 Clifford Hood 1952 1959 Walter Munford 18 May 1959 29 September 1959 110 Leslie B Worthington 1959 1967 Edwin H Gott 1967 1969 Edgar B Speer 1969 1973 David M Roderick 1973 1979 William R Roesch 1979 1983 Charles A Corry 25 January 1988 31 May 1989 Thomas J Usher 1994 1995 Paul J Wilhelm 1994 2001 Thomas J Usher 2001 2003 John Surma 2003 2013 Mario Longhi President amp CEO of U S Steel September 1 2013 May 10 2017 111 David Burritt President amp CEO May 10 2017 present 112 Chairmen of the Board of Directors Edit Elbert Henry Gary 1901 1927 J P Morgan Jr 1927 1932 Myron C Taylor 1932 1938 Edward Stettinius Jr 1938 1940 Irving Sands Olds 1940 1952 113 114 Benjamin Franklin Fairless Chairman amp CEO of U S Steel 1952 1955 Roger Blough Chairman amp CEO 3 May 1955 31 January 1969 115 Edwin H Gott Chairman amp CEO January 31 1969 March 1 1973 116 Edgar B Speer Chairman amp CEO March 1 1973 April 24 1979 117 David M Roderick Chairman amp CEO April 24 1979 May 31 1989 118 Charles A Corry Chairman amp CEO May 31 1989 July 1 1995 119 Thomas Usher Chairman amp CEO July 1 1995 October 1 2004 120 John Surma Chairman amp CEO October 1 2004 December 31 2013 121 David S Sutherland Non executive Chairman of the Board 2014 present See also Edit Companies portalHistory of the steel industry 1850 1970 Iron and steel industry in the United States Weathering steelReferences Edit a b c d e f Corporation United States Steel 7 February 2022 U S STEEL ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 d OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 2021 PDF Retrieved 27 April 2022 United States Steel Corp X NYQ profile FT com markets ft com Retrieved 2023 01 19 Hitchcock s Holdup by Sam Tamburro The Cleveland Memory Project Retrieved 17 April 2017 US Steel first billion dollar company www famousdaily com Retrieved 2023 01 19 Morris Charles R The Tycoons How Andrew Carnegie John D Rockefeller Jay Gould and J P Morgan invented the American supereconomy H Holt and Co New York 2005 pp 255 258 ISBN 0 8050 7599 2 United States Steel Corporation History FundingUniverse Retrieved 3 January 2014 a b c d e f g h i Boselovic Len February 25 2001 Steel Standing U S Steel celebrates 100 years PG News Business amp Technology post gazette com PG Publishing Retrieved 6 August 2013 US Steel case edu Archived from the original on 2013 11 12 Retrieved 17 April 2017 Empire Building Landmark Report PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 25 June 1996 Archived from the original PDF on 12 November 2013 Retrieved 2 September 2013 Chernow Ron 2001 1st pub 1990 The House of Morgan An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance New York City NY Grove Press pp 83 84 ISBN 0 8021 3829 2 Chernow Ron 2001 1st pub 1990 The House of Morgan An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance New York City NY Grove Press pp 85 ISBN 0 8021 3829 2 a b Douglas Blackmon 2008 Slavery by Another Name The Re enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War Two Anchor Books ISBN 978 0 385 50625 0 The Untold History of Post Civil War Neoslavery NPR org Al Miller Tin Stackers The History of the Pittsburgh Steamship Company Great Lakes Books Series Wayne State University 1999 Aldrich Mark 1997 03 18 Safety First Technology Labor and Business in the Building of American Work Safety 1870 1939 JHU Press ISBN 978 0 8018 5405 7 Peck Merton J amp Scherer Frederic M The Weapons Acquisition Process An Economic Analysis 1962 Harvard Business School p 619 Alan F Westin The Anatomy of a Constitutional Law Case Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co V Sawyer the Steel Seizure Decision 1990 Grant McConnell Steel and the Presidency 1962 1963 Carter Dan T 1995 The politics of rage George Wallace the origins of the new conservatism and the transformation of American politics New York Simon amp Schuster p 129 ISBN 0 684 80916 8 OCLC 32739924 John Hinshaw February 2012 Steel and Steelworkers Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth Century Pittsburgh SUNY Press p 238 ISBN 9780791489406 The U S Steal Song YouTube Archived from the original on 2021 11 04 Retrieved 4 February 2021 John Leopard Duluth Missabe amp Iron Range Railway Voyageur Press p 105 ISBN 9781610606257 a b c Nash Bradley Jr 2000 Chapter Six Strikes and the Reagan Labor Law Project Three Case Studies Labor Law and the State The Crises of Unions in the 1980s Ph D hdl 10919 27339 Archived from the original on 2013 05 26 Retrieved 2020 09 23 Business Week 2007 Strategy Power Plays How the World s Most Strategic Minds Reach the Top of Their Game New York NY McGraw Hill pp 111 120 ISBN 978 0 07 147560 0 Retrieved 2009 12 18 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a last has generic name help Boselovic Len 2013 05 17 Can pricey software streamline U S Steel Pittsburgh Post Gazette Post gazette com Retrieved 2014 05 07 APJanuary 31 2012 4 00 PM 2012 01 31 Serbia buys U S Steel plant Price 1 CBS News Retrieved 2014 05 07 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link U S Steel laying off employees worldwide Pittsburgh Post Gazette May 3 2014 Retrieved May 7 2014 a b Martin Marietta Materials Set to Join the S amp P 500 PDF www spice indices com 2014 06 27 Retrieved 2014 06 27 Tita Bob U S Steel to Buy Stake in Lower Cost Competitor WSJ Retrieved 2023 01 19 Tita Bob WSJ News Exclusive U S Steel to Buy Remaining Stake in New Low Cost Steel Mill WSJ Retrieved 2023 01 19 Big River Steel Production Facility U S Green Building Council www usgbc org Retrieved 2023 01 19 Big River Steel Mill is First Steel Production Facility to be LEED Certified Green Building News Retrieved 2023 01 19 Zack s Equity Research 19 January 2021 U S Steel X Wraps Up the Acquisition of Big River Steel Nasdaq Retrieved 19 January 2023 U S Steel breaks ground in Osceola creating thousands of jobs FOX13 News Memphis 2022 02 10 Retrieved 2023 01 19 Appliance auto demand slows US Steel Argus Media www argusmedia com 2022 07 28 Retrieved 2023 01 19 U S Steel facility first steel mill in North America to win certification from ResponsibleSteel Pittsburgh Post Gazette Retrieved 2023 01 19 Northampton County Bicentennial Commission 1976 Two Hundred Years of Life in Northampton County Pa Knight J and Hahn B Communications and transportation Northampton County Bicentennial Commission p 342 Retrieved 24 February 2013 Moody s Investors Service 1976 Moody s Transportation Manual Mergent FIS Sexton Thomas P 2002 02 01 Pennsylvania s Rail Trails Rails to Trails Conservancy Northeast Regional Office p 112 ISBN 9780925794178 Retrieved 24 February 2013 Dow Additions and Deletion Since 1929 dogsofthedow com Retrieved 17 April 2017 Krantz Matt June 27 2014 S amp P 500 loses original member regains another kind of USA Today Retrieved July 4 2014 U S Steel Dividend history ussteel com Archived from the original on 27 September 2016 Retrieved 17 April 2017 US Steel declares 0 01 dividend NYSE X Seeking Alpha seekingalpha com 30 January 2020 Retrieved 2023 01 19 US Steel raises quarterly dividend to 0 05 Seeking Alpha seekingalpha com 28 October 2021 Retrieved 2023 01 19 U S Steel uss com Retrieved 17 April 2017 Rees Jonathan 1997 Homestead in Context Andrew Carnegie and the Decline of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers Managing the Mills Labor Policy in the American Steel Industry 1892 1937 University of Wisconsin Madison pp 509 529 David Brody Labor in crisis The steel strike of 1919 1965 Whaples Robert 1990 Winning the Eight Hour Day 1909 1919 The Journal of Economic History 50 2 393 406 doi 10 1017 S0022050700036512 S2CID 154433870 Massacre at Republic Steel illinoislaborhistory org Archived from the original on 26 July 2011 Retrieved 17 April 2017 Hogler Raymond L 1999 Changing forms of workplace representation the United States Steel Corporation 1933 1937 Journal of Management History 5 6 349 361 doi 10 1108 13552529910288136 Carter Dan T 1995 The politics of rage George Wallace the origins of the new conservatism and the transformation of American politics New York Simon amp Schuster p 229 ISBN 0 684 80916 8 OCLC 32739924 Christopher G L Hall Steel phoenix The fall and rise of the US steel industry Palgrave Macmillan 1997 pp 42 45 Jack Metzgar Striking Steel Solidarity Remembered 1999 Hall Steel phoenix The fall and rise of the US steel industry 1997 pp 48 76 Verbatim Looking for a lifeline The New York Times August 10 1986 Hall Steel phoenix The fall and rise of the US steel industry 1997 pp 192 95 USW members ratify new contract with U S Steel Pittsburgh Post Gazette Retrieved 2023 01 19 Boissoneault Lorraine 26 October 2018 The Deadly Donora Smog of 1948 Spurred Environmental Protection But Have We Forgotten the Lesson Smithsonian Magazine Retrieved 3 October 2021 The Globe and Mail December 7 2002 book review by Andrew Nikiforuk When Smoke Ran Like Water by Devra Davis Baylor Matthew 2019 07 25 Toxic 100 Air Polluters Index 2022 Report Based on 2020 Data PERI Retrieved 2023 01 19 Toxic 100 Detailed Company Report Archived from the original on 2008 10 04 Retrieved 2007 06 05 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Political Economy Research Institute Charfoos amp Christensen P C Archived 26 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine U S Steel Fact Sheet from Charfoos amp Christensen P C Retrieved June 1 2016 dead link Environmental Protection Agency epa gov 2016 04 14 Retrieved 17 April 2017 09 21 2005 EPA DOJ and state of Ohio reach agreement with U S Steel epa gov Retrieved 17 April 2017 U S Fish and Wildlife Service Archived 27 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine Coyne Justine 2021 04 21 US Steel aims to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 www spglobal com Retrieved 2023 01 19 US Steel Tower Pittsburgh SkyscraperPage com Retrieved 2014 05 07 Pittsburgh Post Gazette Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 Official site of the Pittsburgh Steelers Logo History Archived 2010 01 26 at the Wayback Machine Staff Producers Agree on Symbol to Appear on Products Steel Industry Opens Campaign The New York Times January 14 1960 Accessed January 5 2009 Maffei N P 2013 Selling Gleam Making Steel Modern in Post war America Journal of Design History 26 3 304 320 doi 10 1093 jdh ept021 Pittsburgh Steelers History of the Steelers Logo Steelers com Archived from the original on 2018 05 14 Retrieved 2014 05 07 The Unisphere Designation Report PDF Retrieved 2014 05 07 Unisphere Biggest World on Earth The MPO Productions Inc Free Download amp Streaming Internet Archive 1964 Retrieved 2014 05 07 Chicago 1967 August 15 Picasso Statue Unveiled In Civic Center Plaza Archived from the original on August 31 2006 Retrieved 2014 05 07 Justin G Riskus Lithuanian Chicago Arcadia Publishing 2013 Disney s Contemporary Resort The Disney Drawing Board Retrieved 2014 05 07 Construction of WDW Contemporary Resort by U S Steel YouTube 2007 01 31 Archived from the original on 2021 11 04 Retrieved 2014 05 07 The Contemporary Resort Hotel US Steel Commercial YouTube 2008 12 27 Archived from the original on 2021 11 04 Retrieved 2014 05 07 United States Steel to Construct First Two Theme Hotels In Walt Disney World PDF Stetson University Retrieved 2014 05 07 Daytona Beach Morning Journal Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 Sarasota Herald Tribune Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 St Petersburg Times Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 List of Subsidiaries U S Steel Facilities ussteel com Archived from the original on 16 February 2016 Retrieved 17 April 2017 Sheet Archived from the original on 2014 03 11 Retrieved 2014 09 05 U S Steel East Chicago Tin ussteel com Archived from the original on 27 September 2016 Retrieved 17 April 2017 US STEEL TO LAY OFF 350 AT EAST CHICAGO TIN MILL ABC January 22 2015 U S Steel to idle East Chicago Tin lay off around 150 workers ArcelorMittal laying off tin workers in West Virginia NWI Times August 23 2019 Deaux Joe 2019 12 20 U S Steel to cut 1 545 Michigan jobs as weakness overwhelms Trump s protection Los Angeles Times Retrieved 2019 12 21 U S Steel Breaks Ground on State of the Art Expansion at Its Granite City Works PRNewsire May 5 2008 Duluth News Tribune duluthnewstribune com Archived from the original on 2008 09 25 Retrieved 17 April 2017 WDIO News 5 October 2022 Leaders help Keetac mark the start of 150 million dollar DR pellet project Retrieved 19 January 2023 US Steel Serbia Archived 6 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine U S Steel Completes Purchase of Lone Star Technologies PRNewswire June 14 2007 USS Posco to lay off 690 employees in California Pittsburgh Business Times January 3 2014 United States Steel Corporation Completes Acquisition of Stelco Inc PRNewswire October 31 2007 Stelco Is Back With C 200 Million IPO to Fund Steel Expansion Bloomberg com Bloomberg News 2017 11 03 U S Steel official Web site Press Room Archived from the original on 2011 12 03 Retrieved 2008 07 28 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link U S Steel completes Big River Steel acquisition KAIT January 18 2021 Retrieved September 13 2022 A little more than a year after announcing its intentions United States Steel Corp has acquired Big River Steel The Pittsburgh based company announced in a news release it closed acquisition of the remaining equity for approximately 764 million from cash on hand U S Steel X Wraps Up the Acquisition of Big River Steel Nasdaq January 19 2021 Retrieved September 13 2022 United States Steel Corporation X recently announced the completion of the purchase of remaining equity of Big River Steel for roughly 774 million from cash on hand The transaction conforms to customary closing conditions including antitrust approval from the United States Department of Justice U S Steel breaks ground in Osceola creating thousands of jobs WHBQ TV February 10 2022 Retrieved September 13 2022 United States Steel Corporation broke ground on a new steel mill in Osceola Ark that will bring thousands of jobs to the area Project completion and full operation is expected by 2024 U S Steel breaks ground in Osceola creating thousands of jobs WHBQ TV February 10 2022 Retrieved September 13 2022 The new plant will be adjacent to U S Steel s Big River Steel Together the two facilities will be known as Big River Steel Works the release said The new plant is expected to bring 900 plant jobs to the area along with thousands of construction jobs Coyne Justine June 28 2022 US Steel to produce DR pellets in Minnesota may end Granite City steelmaking S amp P Global Retrieved September 13 2022 Additionally US Steel said it has signed a non binding letter of intent with SunCoke for a potential arrangement in which SunCoke would acquire the two blast furnaces at US Steel s Granite City Works and build a 2 million st year granulated pig iron production facility Charles M Schwab American manufacturer britannica com Retrieved 27 July 2018 J A Farrell Dies U S Steel Ex Head Laborer at 15 President for 21 Years of World s Largest Industrial Concern Dean of Foreign Trade Broke All Shipments Records Urged Economic Front With Britain to Insure Peace New York Times March 29 1943 Retrieved 2016 07 05 The Owosso Argus Press Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 LIFE Internet Archive Time 1937 11 08 p 36 Retrieved 2014 05 07 benjamin franklin fairless Pittsburgh Post Gazette Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 US Steel new CEO expected to slash more costs steelguru com Retrieved 17 April 2017 DiChristopher Tom 10 May 2017 US Steel s CEO steps down as the company s challenges pile up COO David Burritt takes over the top job CNBC Irving S Olds U S steel war chief is dead Chicago Tribune March 5 1963 dead link Irving S Olds U S steel war chief is dead Chicago Tribune March 5 1963 p 49 Retrieved 10 August 2018 via Newspapers com History of United States Steel Corporation FundingUniverse Fundinguniverse com Retrieved 2017 04 17 Pittsburgh Post Gazette Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 The Press Courier Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 US Steel Names Chief The Milwaukee Journal 28 Nov 1972 Retrieved 9 Aug 2018 Pittsburgh Post Gazette Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 Daniel F Cuff 1989 01 31 BUSINESS PEOPLE President to Succeed Roderick in USX Job New York Times The New York Times Retrieved 2014 05 07 New Chairman and Ceo at Usx Chicago Tribune Pittsburgh Post Gazette Google News Archive Search google com Retrieved 17 April 2017 Bibliography EditBrawley Mark R And we would have the field US Steel and American trade policy 1908 1912 Business and Politics 19 3 2017 424 453 Brody David 1987 Labor in Crisis The Steel Strike of 1919 University of Illinois Press ISBN 978 0 252 01373 7 Burn Duncan 1961 The Steel Industry 1939 1959 A Study in Competition and Planning Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 04385 4 Hall Christopher G L Steel phoenix The fall and rise of the US steel industry Palgrave Macmillan 1997 Meade Edward Sherwood August 1901 The Genesis of the United States Steel Corporation The Quarterly Journal of Economics 15 4 517 550 doi 10 2307 1884974 JSTOR 1884974 Meade Edward Sherwood February 1902 Capitalization of the United States Steel Corporation The Quarterly Journal of Economics 16 2 214 232 doi 10 2307 1882744 JSTOR 1882744 Misa Thomas 1998 Nation of Steel The Making of Modern America 1865 1925 Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978 0 8018 6052 2 Scheuerman William 1986 The Steel Crisis The Economics and Politics of a Declining Industry New York Praeger Publishers ISBN 978 0 275 92124 8 Seely Bruce Edsall ed Iron and Steel in the Twentieth Century Facts on File 1994 512pp an encyclopedia Urofsky Melvin 1969 Big Steel and the Wilson Administration A Study in Business Government Relations Columbus Ohio Ohio State University Press Warne Colston 1963 R D Cross ed The Steel Strike of 1919 D C Heath Warren Kenneth 2001 Big Steel The First Century of the United States Steel Corporation 1901 2001 University of Pittsburgh Press ISBN 978 0 8229 4160 6 Warren Kenneth The American steel industry 1850 1970 a geographical interpretation University of Pittsburgh Press 1987 History of U S Steel U S Steel Retrieved 2008 08 03 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to U S Steel Official website Business data for U S Steel BloombergGoogleReutersSEC filingsYahoo Historic American Engineering Record HAER No PA 49 U S Steel Corporation Clairton Works HAER No PA 49 A U S Steel Corporation Clairton Works Blast Furnace Blowing Engine Building HAER No PA 49 B U S Steel Corporation Clairton Works 14 Inch Mill Engines No 1 amp No 2 HAER No PA 49 C U S Steel Corporation Clairton Works 22 Inch Mill Engine HAER No PA 115 U S Steel Duquesne Works HAER No PA 115 A U S Steel Duquesne Works Blast Furnace Plant HAER No PA 115 B U S Steel Duquesne Works Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Plant HAER No PA 115 C U S Steel Duquesne Works Electric Furnace Steelmaking Plant HAER No PA 115 D U S Steel Duquesne Works Primary Mill HAER No PA 115 E U S Steel Duquesne Works Fuel amp Utilities Plant HAER No PA 115 F U S Steel Duquesne Works Auxiliary Buildings amp Shops HAER No PA 115 G U S Steel Duquesne Works 22 Inch Bar Mill HAER No PA 115 H U S Steel Duquesne Works Heat Treatment Plant U S Steel Gary Works Photograph Collection 1906 1971 U S Steel Movie clip of the Contemporary Resort Construction on BigFloridaCountry com The World s Largest Plate Mill formerly a part of U S Steel Gary Works History of the United States Steel Corporation 1873 2011 Guide to United States Steel Corporation Training manuals 5342 Kheel Center for Labor Management Documentation and Archives Martin P Catherwood Library Cornell University Fortune Magazine 1959 Fortune 500 listArchives and records EditUnited States Steel Corporation photographs at Baker Library Special Collections Harvard Business School Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php 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