This article is about the federal constituent units. For the grouping of regions by a Presidential Decree, see Federal districts of Russia.
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (Russian: субъекты Российской Федерации, romanized: subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (Russian: субъекты федерации, romanized: subyekty federatsii), are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia.[1]Kaliningrad Oblast is the only federal subject geographically separated from the rest of the Russian Federation by other countries.
According to the Russian Constitution, the Russian Federation consists of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal importance, an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs, all of which are equal subjects of the Russian Federation.[1] Three Russian cities of federal importance (Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Sevastopol) have a status of both city and separate federal subject which comprises other cities and towns (Zelenograd, Troitsk, Kronstadt, Kolpino, etc.) within each federal city—keeping older structures of postal addresses. In 1993, the Russian Federation comprised 89 federal subjects. By 2008 the number of federal subjects had decreased to 83 because of several mergers. In 2014 after being annexed from Ukraine, Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea were announced as the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia, a move that was internationally unrecognized.[2][3] During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, four Ukrainian oblasts were annexed by Russia, however they remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine and are only partially occupied by Russia.[4]
Every federal subject has its own head, a parliament, and a constitutional court. Each federal subject has its own constitution or charter and legislation, although the authority of these organs differ. Subjects have equal rights in relations with federal government bodies.[1] The federal subjects have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council, the upper house of the Federal Assembly. They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy; republics are offered more autonomy.
Post-Soviet Russia formed during the history of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic within the USSR and did not change at the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. In 1992, during so-called "parade of sovereignties", separatist sentiments and the War of Laws within Russia, the Russian regions signed the Federation Treaty (Russian: Федеративный договорFederativny dogovor),[5] establishing and regulating the current inner composition of Russia, based on the division of authorities and powers among Russian government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities. The Federation Treaty was included in the text of the 1978 Constitution of the Russian SFSR. The current Constitution of Russia, adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993, came into force on 25 December 1993 and abolished the model of the Soviet system of government introduced in 1918 by Vladimir Lenin and based on the right to secede from the country and on unlimited sovereignty of federal subjects (in practice secession was never allowed), which conflicts with the country's integrity and federal laws. The new constitution eliminated a number of legal conflicts, reserved the rights of the regions, introduced local self-government and did not grant the Soviet-era right to secede from the country. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the political system became de jure closer to other modern federal states with a republican form of government in the world. In the 2000s, following the policies of Vladimir Putin and of the ruling United Russia party, the Russian parliament changed the distribution of tax revenues, reduced the number of elections in the regions and gave more power to the federal authorities.
An official government translation of the constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krays, oblasts, cities of federal significance, an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation."[1] A translation provided by Garant-Internet instead uses the term "subjects of the Russian Federation".[6]
Tom Fennell, a translator, told the 2008 American Translators Association conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation" is a better translation than "subject".[7] This was supported by Tamara Nekrasova, Head of Translation Department at Goltsblat BLP, saying in a 2011 presentation at a translators conference that "constituent entity of the Russian Federation is more appropriate than subject of the Russian Federation (subject would be OK for a monarchy)".[8]
Rank (as given in constitution and ISO)
Russian
English translations of the constitution
ISO 3166-2:RU (ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-2 (2010-06-30))
The most common type, with a governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after their administrative centres. Kherson and Zaporozhye oblasts are partially occupied and were annexed in 2022 and are not internationally recognized as parts of Russia.
Nominally autonomous,[9][10] each with its own constitution, language, and legislature, but represented by the federal government in international affairs. Most are home to a specific ethnic minority (or group of minorities, in the cases of Dagestan and Mordovia). Donetsk and Lugansk Republics are partially occupied since 2014 and were annexed in 2022 and are not internationally recognized as parts of Russia; Crimea was annexed in 2014 and is not internationally recognized as part of Russia.
For all intents and purposes, krais are legally identical to oblasts. The title "krai" ("frontier" or "territory") is historic, related to geographic (frontier) position in a certain period of history. The current krais are not related to frontiers.
Occasionally referred to as "autonomous district", "autonomous area", or "autonomous region", each with a substantial or predominant ethnic minority. With the exception of Chukotka, each of the autonomous okrugs are a part of another oblast (Arkhangelsk and Tyumen), as well as its own federal subject.
a.^ The largest city is also listed when it is different from the capital/administrative centre.
b.^ According to Article 13 of the Charter of Leningrad Oblast, the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of St. Petersburg. However, St. Petersburg is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast.
c.^ According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast, the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of Moscow and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. However, Moscow is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast.
e.^ In February 2000, the former code of 20 for the Chechen Republic was cancelled and replaced with code 95. License plate production was suspended due to the Chechen Wars, causing numerous issues, which in turn forced the region to use a new code.
f.^ Claimed, but only partially controlled by Russia.
g.^ As Russia only partially controls the region, this is a claimed figure.
Map of the federal subjects of Russia highlighting those that merged in the first decade of the 21st century (in yellow), and those whose merger has been discussed in the same decade (in orange)
Starting in 2005, some of the federal subjects were merged into larger territories. In this process, six very sparsely populated subjects (comprising in total 0.3% of the population of Russia) were integrated into more populated subjects, with the hope that the economic development of those territories would benefit from the much larger means of their neighbours. The merging process was finished on 1 March 2008. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008. The six territories became "administrative-territorial regions with special status". They have large proportions of minorities, with Russians being a majority only in three of them. Four of those territories have a second official language in addition to Russian: Buryat (in two of the merged territories), Komi-Permian, Koryak. This is an exception: all the other official languages of Russia (other than Russian) are set by the Constitutions of its constituent Republics (Mordovia, Chechnya, Dagestan etc.). The status of the "administrative-territorial regions with special status" has been a subject of criticism because it does not appear in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
In addition to those six territories that entirely ceased to be subjects of the Russian Federation and were downgraded to territories with special status, another three subjects have a status of subject but are simultaneously part of a more populated subject:
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug obtained the status of subject in 1992 (after obtaining autonomy in 1977), but is also part of Tyumen Oblast.
With an estimated population of 49348 as of 2018, Chukotka is currently the least populated subject of Russia that is not part of a more populated subject. It was separated from Magadan Oblast in 1993. Chukotka is one of the richest subjects of Russia (with a Gross Regional Product [GRP] per capita equivalent to that of Australia) and therefore does not fit in the pattern of merging a subject to benefit from the economic dynamism of the neighbour.
In 1992, Ingushetia separated from Chechnya, both to stay away from the growing violence in Chechnya and as a bid to obtain the Eastern part of Northern Ossetia (it did not work: the Chechen conflict spread violence to Ingushetia, and North Ossetia retained its Prigorodny District). Those two Muslim republics, populated in vast majority (95%+) by closely related Vainakh people, speaking Vainakhish languages, remain the two poorest subjects of Russia, with the GRP per capita of Ingushetia being equivalent to that of Iraq. According to 2016 statistics, however they are also the safest regions of Russia, and also have the lowest alcohol consumption, with alcohol poisoning at least 40 times lower than the national average.[16][17]
In 2011–2012, the territory of Moscow increased by 140% (to 2,511 km2 (970 sq mi)) by acquiring part of Moscow Oblast.
On 13 May 2020, the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following the collapse of oil prices stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.[18][19] The process was scrapped on 2 July due to its unpopularity among the population.[20]
^ abcde"Constitution of the Russian Federation". Government of the Russian Federation. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
^ abHeaney, Dominic, ed. (2022). "Territorial Surveys". The Territories of the Russian Federation 2022 (23rd ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN9781032249698.
^Steve Gutterman and Pavel Polityuk (March 18, 2014). "Putin signs Crimea treaty as Ukraine serviceman dies in attack". Reuters. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
^"Putin to annex seized Ukrainian land, U.N. Warns of 'dangerous escalation'". Reuters. September 29, 2022.
^This treaty consisted of three treaties, see also Concluding and Transitional Provisions: [1][2]
^ ab"The Constitution of the Russian Federation". Garant-Internet. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
^Knizhnik, Irina (2009). "On legal terminology, the jury is still out" (PDF). SlavFile. Slavic Languages Division, American Translators Association. 18 (1): 20. (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
^Nekrasova, Tamara (2011). "Traps & Mishaps in Legal Translation" (PDF). Eulita. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
^The Territories of the Russian Federation 2012. Taylor & Francis. 2012. p. 5. ISBN978-1-135-09584-0. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
^Saunders, R.A. (2019). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation. Historical Dictionaries of Europe. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 232. ISBN978-1-5381-2048-4. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
^"Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
^"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
^ ab"Crimea becomes part of vast Southern federal district of Russia". Retrieved July 29, 2016.
^ ab. RBC. March 21, 2014. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
^ abcdЧисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2021 / Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2021 (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
^""Рейтинг трезвости-2017": кто в России меньше всех пьет".
^Quinn, Eilís (May 14, 2020). ""Catastrophic" economic situation prompts merger talks for Nenets AO and Arkhangelsk Oblast". The Barents Observer. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
^"Russian Regions to Become Single Federal Subject in Decade-First". The Moscow Times. May 13, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
^Antonova, Elizaveta (July 2, 2020). "The head of the Nenets Autonomous District declared refusal to unite with the Arkhangelsk region". RBC (in Russian). Retrieved July 6, 2020.
Sources
12 декабря 1993 г. «Конституция Российской Федерации», в ред. Федерального конституционного закона №7-ФКЗ от 30 декабря 2008 г. Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская газета", №237, 25 декабря 1993 г. (December 12, 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation, as amended by the Federal Constitutional Law #7-FKZ of December 30, 2008. Effective as of the official publication date.).
January 26, 2023
federal, subjects, russia, this, article, about, federal, constituent, units, grouping, regions, presidential, decree, federal, districts, russia, federal, subjects, russia, also, referred, subjects, russian, federation, russian, субъекты, Российской, Федераци. This article is about the federal constituent units For the grouping of regions by a Presidential Decree see Federal districts of Russia The federal subjects of Russia also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation Russian subekty Rossijskoj Federacii romanized subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii or simply as the subjects of the federation Russian subekty federacii romanized subyekty federatsii are the constituent entities of Russia its top level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia 1 Kaliningrad Oblast is the only federal subject geographically separated from the rest of the Russian Federation by other countries Federal subjectsSubekty federacii Russian Crimean peninsula internationally recognized as part of Ukraine shown with diagonal stripes Oblasts provinces Republics Krais territories Autonomous Okrugs with a substantial ethnic minority Federal cities Autonomous OblastCategoryFederal semi presidential constitutional republicLocation Russian FederationCreated12 December 1993Number83Populations41 431 Nenets Autonomous Okrug 13 010 112 Moscow Areas864 km2 334 sq mi Sevastopol 3 103 200 km2 1 198 200 sq mi Sakha Republic GovernmentRegional government national governmentSubdivisionsDistrictAccording to the Russian Constitution the Russian Federation consists of republics krais oblasts cities of federal importance an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs all of which are equal subjects of the Russian Federation 1 Three Russian cities of federal importance Moscow Saint Petersburg and Sevastopol have a status of both city and separate federal subject which comprises other cities and towns Zelenograd Troitsk Kronstadt Kolpino etc within each federal city keeping older structures of postal addresses In 1993 the Russian Federation comprised 89 federal subjects By 2008 the number of federal subjects had decreased to 83 because of several mergers In 2014 after being annexed from Ukraine Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea were announced as the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia a move that was internationally unrecognized 2 3 During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine four Ukrainian oblasts were annexed by Russia however they remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine and are only partially occupied by Russia 4 Every federal subject has its own head a parliament and a constitutional court Each federal subject has its own constitution or charter and legislation although the authority of these organs differ Subjects have equal rights in relations with federal government bodies 1 The federal subjects have equal representation two delegates each in the Federation Council the upper house of the Federal Assembly They do however differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy republics are offered more autonomy Post Soviet Russia formed during the history of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic within the USSR and did not change at the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 In 1992 during so called parade of sovereignties separatist sentiments and the War of Laws within Russia the Russian regions signed the Federation Treaty Russian Federativnyj dogovor Federativny dogovor 5 establishing and regulating the current inner composition of Russia based on the division of authorities and powers among Russian government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities The Federation Treaty was included in the text of the 1978 Constitution of the Russian SFSR The current Constitution of Russia adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993 came into force on 25 December 1993 and abolished the model of the Soviet system of government introduced in 1918 by Vladimir Lenin and based on the right to secede from the country and on unlimited sovereignty of federal subjects in practice secession was never allowed which conflicts with the country s integrity and federal laws The new constitution eliminated a number of legal conflicts reserved the rights of the regions introduced local self government and did not grant the Soviet era right to secede from the country In the late 1990s and early 2000s the political system became de jure closer to other modern federal states with a republican form of government in the world In the 2000s following the policies of Vladimir Putin and of the ruling United Russia party the Russian parliament changed the distribution of tax revenues reduced the number of elections in the regions and gave more power to the federal authorities Contents 1 Terminology 2 Types 3 List 3 1 Notes 4 Statistics of federal subjects 5 Mergers splits and internal territorial changes 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Notes 7 2 SourcesTerminologyAn official government translation of the constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term constituent entities of the Russian Federation For example Article 5 reads The Russian Federation shall consist of republics krays oblasts cities of federal significance an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation 1 A translation provided by Garant Internet instead uses the term subjects of the Russian Federation 6 Tom Fennell a translator told the 2008 American Translators Association conference that constituent entity of the Russian Federation is a better translation than subject 7 This was supported by Tamara Nekrasova Head of Translation Department at Goltsblat BLP saying in a 2011 presentation at a translators conference that constituent entity of the Russian Federation is more appropriate than subject of the Russian Federation subject would be OK for a monarchy 8 Rank as given in constitution and ISO Russian English translations of the constitution ISO 3166 2 RU ISO 3166 2 Newsletter II 2 2010 06 30 Cyrillic Latin Official 1 Unofficial 6 subekt Rossijskoj Federacii sub yekt Rossiyskoy Federatsii constituent entity of the Russian Federation subject of the Russian Federation not mentioned 1 respublika respublika republic2 kraj kray territory administrative territory3 oblast oblastʹ oblast region administrative region3 gorod federalnogo znacheniya gorod federalʹnogo znacheniya city of federal significance city of federal importance autonomous city the Russian term used in ISO 3166 2 is avtonomnyj gorod avtonomnyy gorod 5 avtonomnaya oblast avtonomnaya oblastʹ autonomous oblast autonomous region autonomous region6 avtonomnyj okrug avtonomnyy okrug autonomous okrug autonomous area autonomous districtTypes Each federal subject belongs to one of the following types Legend 2 Description 46 oblasts 2 unrecognized The most common type with a governor and locally elected legislature Commonly named after their administrative centres Kherson and Zaporozhye oblasts are partially occupied and were annexed in 2022 and are not internationally recognized as parts of Russia 21 republics 3 unrecognized Nominally autonomous 9 10 each with its own constitution language and legislature but represented by the federal government in international affairs Most are home to a specific ethnic minority or group of minorities in the cases of Dagestan and Mordovia Donetsk and Lugansk Republics are partially occupied since 2014 and were annexed in 2022 and are not internationally recognized as parts of Russia Crimea was annexed in 2014 and is not internationally recognized as part of Russia 9 krais For all intents and purposes krais are legally identical to oblasts The title krai frontier or territory is historic related to geographic frontier position in a certain period of history The current krais are not related to frontiers 4 autonomous okrugs Occasionally referred to as autonomous district autonomous area or autonomous region each with a substantial or predominant ethnic minority With the exception of Chukotka each of the autonomous okrugs are a part of another oblast Arkhangelsk and Tyumen as well as its own federal subject 2 federal cities 1 unrecognized Major cities that function as separate regions Sevastopol was annexed in 2014 and is not internationally recognized as part of Russia 1 autonomous oblast The only one is the Jewish Autonomous Oblast ListFederal Subjects of the Russian FederationCode Name Capital Administrative centre a Flag Coatof arms Type Head of subject Federal district Economic region Area km 11 Population 12 Est Total density km 01 Adygea Maykop republic Murat Kumpilov UR Southern North Caucasus 7 792 496 934 63 77 192202 Bashkortostan Ufa Radiy Khabirov UR Volga Ural 142 947 4 091 423 28 62 191903 Buryatia Ulan Ude Alexey Tsydenov UR Far Eastern East Siberian 351 334 978 588 2 79 192304 Altai Republic Gorno Altaysk Oleg Khorokhordin Ind Siberian West Siberian 92 903 210 924 2 27 192205 Dagestan Makhachkala Sergey Melikov Ind North Caucasian North Caucasus 50 270 3 182 054 63 30 192106 Ingushetia Magas Largest city Nazran Mahmud Ali Kalimatov UR North Caucasian North Caucasus 3 628 509 541 163 16 199207 Kabardino Balkaria Nalchik Kazbek Kokov UR North Caucasian North Caucasus 12 470 904 200 72 51 193608 Kalmykia Elista Batu Khasikov UR Southern Volga 74 731 267 133 3 57 195709 Karachay Cherkessia Cherkessk Rashid Temrezov UR North Caucasian North Caucasus 14 277 469 865 32 91 195710 Karelia Petrozavodsk Artur Parfenchikov UR Northwestern Northern 180 520 533 121 2 95 195611 Komi Republic Syktyvkar Vladimir Uyba UR Northwestern Northern 416 774 737 853 1 77 192112 Mari El Yoshkar Ola Yury Zaitsev UR acting Volga Volga Vyatka 23 375 677 097 28 97 192013 Mordovia Saransk Artyom Zdunov UR Volga Volga Vyatka 26 128 783 552 29 99 193014 Sakha Yakutia Yakutsk Aysen Nikolayev UR Far Eastern Far Eastern 3 083 523 995 686 0 32 192215 North Ossetia Alania Vladikavkaz Sergey Menyaylo UR North Caucasian North Caucasus 7 987 687 357 86 06 192416 Tatarstan Kazan Rustam Minnikhanov UR Volga Volga 67 847 4 004 809 59 03 192017 Tuva Kyzyl Vladislav Khovalyg UR Siberian East Siberian 168 604 336 651 2 00 194418 Udmurtia Izhevsk Aleksandr Brechalov UR Volga Ural 42 061 1 452 914 34 54 192019 Khakassia Abakan Valentin Konovalov CPRF Siberian East Siberian 61 569 534 795 8 69 193020 Chechnya Grozny Ramzan Kadyrov UR North Caucasian North Caucasus 16 165 1 510 824 93 43 199121 Chuvashia Cheboksary Oleg Nikolayev SRZP Volga Volga Vyatka 18 343 1 186 909 64 71 192022 Altai Krai Barnaul krai Viktor Tomenko UR Siberian West Siberian 167 996 2 163 693 12 88 193723 Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Veniamin Kondratyev UR Southern North Caucasus 75 485 5 838 273 77 34 193724 Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Aleksandr Uss UR Siberian East Siberian 2 366 797 2 856 971 1 21 193425 Primorsky Krai Vladivostok Oleg Kozhemyako UR Far Eastern Far Eastern 164 673 1 845 165 11 21 193826 Stavropol Krai Stavropol Vladimir Vladimirov UR North Caucasian North Caucasus 66 160 2 907 593 43 95 193427 Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk Mikhail Degtyarev LDPR Far Eastern Far Eastern 787 633 1 292 944 1 64 193828 Amur Oblast Blagoveshchensk oblast Vasily Orlov UR Far Eastern Far Eastern 361 908 766 912 2 12 193229 Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Alexander Tsybulsky UR Northwestern Northern 413 103 978 873 2 37 193730 Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan Igor Babushkin Ind Southern Volga 49 024 960 142 19 59 194331 Belgorod Oblast Belgorod Vyacheslav Gladkov UR Central Central Black Earth 27 134 1 540 486 56 77 195432 Bryansk Oblast Bryansk Alexander Bogomaz UR Central Central 34 857 1 169 161 33 54 194433 Vladimir Oblast Vladimir Aleksandr Avdeyev UR acting Central Central 29 084 1 348 134 46 35 194434 Volgograd Oblast Volgograd Andrey Bocharov Ind Southern Volga 112 877 2 500 781 22 15 193735 Vologda Oblast Vologda Largest city Cherepovets Oleg Kuvshinnikov UR Northwestern Northern 144 527 1 142 827 7 91 193736 Voronezh Oblast Voronezh Aleksandr Gusev UR Central Central Black Earth 52 216 2 308 792 44 22 193437 Ivanovo Oblast Ivanovo Stanislav Voskresensky Ind Central Central 21 437 927 828 43 28 193638 Irkutsk Oblast Irkutsk Igor Kobzev Ind Siberian East Siberian 774 846 2 370 102 3 06 193739 Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Anton Alikhanov UR Northwestern Kaliningrad 15 125 1 029 966 68 10 194640 Kaluga Oblast Kaluga Vladislav Shapsha UR Central Central 29 777 1 069 904 35 93 194441 Kamchatka Krai Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky krai Vladimir Solodov Ind Far Eastern Far Eastern 464 275 291 705 0 63 200742 Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo oblast Sergey Tsivilyov UR Siberian West Siberian 95 725 2 600 923 27 17 194343 Kirov Oblast Kirov Aleksandr Sokolov UR acting Volga Volga Vyatka 120 374 1 153 680 9 58 193444 Kostroma Oblast Kostroma Sergey Sitnikov Ind Central Central 60 211 580 976 9 65 194445 Kurgan Oblast Kurgan Vadim Shumkov Ind Ural Ural 71 488 776 661 10 86 194346 Kursk Oblast Kursk Roman Starovoyt UR Central Central Black Earth 29 997 1 082 458 36 09 193447 Leningrad Oblast Largest city Gatchina b Aleksandr Drozdenko UR Northwestern Northwestern 83 908 2 000 997 23 85 192748 Lipetsk Oblast Lipetsk Igor Artamonov UR Central Central Black Earth 24 047 1 143 224 47 54 195449 Magadan Oblast Magadan Sergey Nosov UR Far Eastern Far Eastern 462 464 136 085 0 29 195350 Moscow Oblast Largest city Balashikha c Andrey Vorobyov UR Central Central 44 329 8 524 665 192 30 192951 Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Andrey Chibis UR Northwestern Northern 144 902 667 744 4 61 193852 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Gleb Nikitin UR Volga Volga Vyatka 76 624 3 119 115 40 71 193653 Novgorod Oblast Veliky Novgorod Andrey Nikitin UR Northwestern Northwestern 54 501 583 387 10 70 194454 Novosibirsk Oblast Novosibirsk Andrey Travnikov UR Siberian West Siberian 177 756 2 797 176 15 74 193755 Omsk Oblast Omsk Alexander Burkov SRZP Siberian West Siberian 141 140 1 858 798 13 17 193456 Orenburg Oblast Orenburg Denis Pasler UR Volga Ural 123 702 1 862 767 15 06 193457 Oryol Oblast Oryol Andrey Klychkov CPRF Central Central 24 652 713 374 28 94 193758 Penza Oblast Penza Oleg Melnichenko UR Volga Volga 43 352 1 266 348 29 21 193959 Perm Krai Perm krai Dmitry Makhonin Ind Volga Ural 160 236 2 532 405 15 80 200560 Pskov Oblast Pskov oblast Mikhail Vedernikov UR Northwestern Northwestern 55 399 599 084 10 81 194461 Rostov Oblast Rostov on Don oblast Vasily Golubev UR Southern North Caucasus 100 967 4 200 729 41 60 193762 Ryazan Oblast Ryazan Pavel Malkov Ind Central Central 39 605 1 102 810 27 85 193763 Samara Oblast Samara Dmitry Azarov UR Volga Volga 53 565 3 172 925 59 24 192864 Saratov Oblast Saratov Roman Busargin UR Volga Volga 101 240 2 442 575 24 13 193665 Sakhalin Oblast Yuzhno Sakhalinsk Valery Limarenko UR Far Eastern Far Eastern 87 101 466 609 5 36 194766 Sverdlovsk Oblast Yekaterinburg Yevgeny Kuyvashev UR Ural Ural 194 307 4 268 998 21 97 193567 Smolensk Oblast Smolensk Alexey Ostrovsky LDPR Central Central 49 779 888 421 17 85 193768 Tambov Oblast Tambov Maksim Yegorov UR acting Central Central Black Earth 34 462 982 991 28 52 193769 Tver Oblast Tver Igor Rudenya UR Central Central 84 201 1 230 171 14 61 193570 Tomsk Oblast Tomsk Vladimir Mazur UR acting Siberian West Siberian 314 391 1 062 666 3 38 194471 Tula Oblast Tula Aleksey Dyumin UR Central Central 25 679 1 501 214 58 46 193772 Tyumen Oblast Tyumen Aleksandr Moor UR Ural West Siberian 160 122 1 601 940 10 00 194473 Ulyanovsk Oblast Ulyanovsk Aleksey Russkikh CPRF Volga Volga 37 181 1 196 745 32 19 194374 Chelyabinsk Oblast Chelyabinsk Aleksey Teksler UR Ural Ural 88 529 3 431 224 38 76 193475 Zabaykalsky Krai Chita krai Aleksandr Osipov Ind Far Eastern East Siberian 431 892 1 004 125 2 32 200876 Yaroslavl Oblast Yaroslavl oblast Mikhail Yevrayev Ind Central Central 36 177 1 209 811 33 44 193677 Moscow federal city Sergey Sobyanin UR Central Central 2 561 13 010 112 5 080 09 114778 Saint Petersburg Alexander Beglov UR Northwestern Northwestern 1 403 5 601 911 3 992 81 170379 Jewish Autonomous Oblast Birobidzhan autonomous oblast Rostislav Goldstein UR Far Eastern Far Eastern 36 271 150 453 4 15 193480 Nenets Autonomous Okrug Naryan Mar autonomous okrug Yury Bezdudny UR Northwestern Northern 176 810 41 434 0 23 192981 Khanty Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra Khanty Mansiysk Largest city Surgut Natalya Komarova UR Ural West Siberian 534 801 1 711 480 3 20 193082 Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Anadyr Roman Kopin UR Far Eastern Far Eastern 721 481 47 490 0 07 193083 Yamalo Nenets Autonomous Okrug Salekhard Largest city Novy Urengoy Dmitry Artyukhov UR Ural West Siberian 769 250 510 490 0 66 1930Federal subjects whose territories are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine 84 Republic of Crimea d Simferopol republic Sergey Aksyonov UR Southern 13 14 North Caucasus 26 081 1 934 630 74 18 201485 Sevastopol d federal city Mikhail Razvozhayev UR Southern 13 14 North Caucasus 864 547 820 634 05 201486 Donetsk People s Republic d f Donetsk republic Denis Pushilin UR 26 517 g 4 100 280 15 g 154 63 g 202287 Lugansk People s Republic d f Luhansk Leonid Pasechnik UR 26 684 g 2 121 322 15 g 79 50 g 202288 Zaporozhye Oblast d f Melitopol de facto Zaporizhzhia claimed oblast Yevgeny Balitsky UR 27 183 g 1 666 515 15 g 61 31 g 202289 Kherson Oblast d f Henichesk de facto Kherson claimed Largest city Nova Kakhovka Volodymyr Saldo 28 461 g 1 016 707 15 g 35 72 g 2022Notes a The largest city is also listed when it is different from the capital administrative centre b According to Article 13 of the Charter of Leningrad Oblast the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of St Petersburg However St Petersburg is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast c According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast the governing bodies of the oblast are located in the city of Moscow and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast However Moscow is not officially the administrative centre of the oblast d Internationally recognized as a part of Ukraine e In February 2000 the former code of 20 for the Chechen Republic was cancelled and replaced with code 95 License plate production was suspended due to the Chechen Wars causing numerous issues which in turn forced the region to use a new code f Claimed but only partially controlled by Russia g As Russia only partially controls the region this is a claimed figure Statistics of federal subjectsList of federal subjects of Russia by GRP Armorial of Russia Coat of arms of Russian federal subjects List of federal subjects of Russia by incidence of substance abuse List of federal subjects of Russia by GDP per capita List of federal subjects of Russia by murder rate List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy List of federal subjects of Russia by population List of federal subjects of Russia by total fertility rate List of federal subjects of Russia by Human Development Index List of federal subjects of Russia by unemployment rate Regional parliaments of Russia List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia Forest cover by federal subject in Russia ISO 3166 2 RUMergers splits and internal territorial changes Map of the federal subjects of Russia highlighting those that merged in the first decade of the 21st century in yellow and those whose merger has been discussed in the same decade in orange Starting in 2005 some of the federal subjects were merged into larger territories In this process six very sparsely populated subjects comprising in total 0 3 of the population of Russia were integrated into more populated subjects with the hope that the economic development of those territories would benefit from the much larger means of their neighbours The merging process was finished on 1 March 2008 No new mergers have been planned since March 2008 The six territories became administrative territorial regions with special status They have large proportions of minorities with Russians being a majority only in three of them Four of those territories have a second official language in addition to Russian Buryat in two of the merged territories Komi Permian Koryak This is an exception all the other official languages of Russia other than Russian are set by the Constitutions of its constituent Republics Mordovia Chechnya Dagestan etc The status of the administrative territorial regions with special status has been a subject of criticism because it does not appear in the Constitution of the Russian Federation Date of referendum Date of merger Original entities Original codes New code Original entities New entity2003 12 07 2005 12 01 1 1a 59 1 81 1a 90 Perm Oblast 1 Komi Permyak Autonomous Okrug 1a Perm Krai2005 04 17 2007 01 01 2 2a 2b 24 2 88 2a 84 2b 24 Krasnoyarsk Krai 2 Evenk Autonomous Okrug 2a Taymyr Autonomous Okrug 2b Krasnoyarsk Krai2005 10 23 2007 07 01 3 3a 41 3 82 3a 91 Kamchatka Oblast 3 Koryak Autonomous Okrug 3a Kamchatka Krai2006 04 16 2008 01 01 4 4a 38 4 85 4a 38 Irkutsk Oblast 4 Ust Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug 4a Irkutsk Oblast2007 03 11 2008 03 01 5 5a 75 5 80 5a 92 Chita Oblast 5 Agin Buryat Autonomous Okrug 5a Zabaykalsky KraiIn addition to those six territories that entirely ceased to be subjects of the Russian Federation and were downgraded to territories with special status another three subjects have a status of subject but are simultaneously part of a more populated subject Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2010 population of 42090 is a subject since 1993 but is also according to its Constitution a part of Arkhangelsk Oblast Khanty Mansi Autonomous Okrug obtained autonomy in 1977 but is simultaneously part of Tyumen Oblast Yamalo Nenets Autonomous Okrug obtained the status of subject in 1992 after obtaining autonomy in 1977 but is also part of Tyumen Oblast With an estimated population of 49348 as of 2018 Chukotka is currently the least populated subject of Russia that is not part of a more populated subject It was separated from Magadan Oblast in 1993 Chukotka is one of the richest subjects of Russia with a Gross Regional Product GRP per capita equivalent to that of Australia and therefore does not fit in the pattern of merging a subject to benefit from the economic dynamism of the neighbour In 1992 Ingushetia separated from Chechnya both to stay away from the growing violence in Chechnya and as a bid to obtain the Eastern part of Northern Ossetia it did not work the Chechen conflict spread violence to Ingushetia and North Ossetia retained its Prigorodny District Those two Muslim republics populated in vast majority 95 by closely related Vainakh people speaking Vainakhish languages remain the two poorest subjects of Russia with the GRP per capita of Ingushetia being equivalent to that of Iraq According to 2016 statistics however they are also the safest regions of Russia and also have the lowest alcohol consumption with alcohol poisoning at least 40 times lower than the national average 16 17 Until 1994 Sokolsky District Nizhny Novgorod Oblast was part of Ivanovo Oblast In 2011 2012 the territory of Moscow increased by 140 to 2 511 km2 970 sq mi by acquiring part of Moscow Oblast On 13 May 2020 the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following the collapse of oil prices stemming from the COVID 19 pandemic 18 19 The process was scrapped on 2 July due to its unpopularity among the population 20 See alsoSubdivisions of Russia Federal districts of Russia Economic regions of Russia History of the administrative division of Russia Armorial of Russia Republics of the Soviet Union Flags of the Soviet Republics Flags of the federal subjects of Russia List of federal subjects of Russia by population List of heads of federal subjects of RussiaReferencesNotes a b c d e Constitution of the Russian Federation Government of the Russian Federation Retrieved August 11 2022 a b Heaney Dominic ed 2022 Territorial Surveys The Territories of the Russian Federation 2022 23rd ed Abingdon Oxon Routledge ISBN 9781032249698 Steve Gutterman and Pavel Polityuk March 18 2014 Putin signs Crimea treaty as Ukraine serviceman dies in attack Reuters Retrieved May 7 2016 Putin to annex seized Ukrainian land U N Warns of dangerous escalation Reuters September 29 2022 This treaty consisted of three treaties see also Concluding and Transitional Provisions 1 2 a b The Constitution of the Russian Federation Garant Internet Retrieved August 11 2022 Knizhnik Irina 2009 On legal terminology the jury is still out PDF SlavFile Slavic Languages Division American Translators Association 18 1 20 Archived PDF from the original on October 31 2020 Retrieved August 11 2022 Nekrasova Tamara 2011 Traps amp Mishaps in Legal Translation PDF Eulita Retrieved August 11 2022 The Territories of the Russian Federation 2012 Taylor amp Francis 2012 p 5 ISBN 978 1 135 09584 0 Retrieved October 6 2019 Saunders R A 2019 Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation Historical Dictionaries of Europe Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers p 232 ISBN 978 1 5381 2048 4 Retrieved October 6 2019 Tablica 5 Chislennost naseleniya Rossii federalnyh okrugov subektov Rossijskoj Federacii gorodskih okrugov municipalnyh rajonov municipalnyh okrugov gorodskih i selskih poselenij gorodskih naselennyh punktov selskih naselennyh punktov s naseleniem 3000 chelovek i bolee Federal Service for State Registration Cadastre and Cartography Retrieved March 4 2019 Ocenka chislennosti postoyannogo naseleniya po subektam Rossijskoj Federacii Federal State Statistics Service Retrieved September 1 2022 a b Crimea becomes part of vast Southern federal district of Russia Retrieved July 29 2016 a b V Rossii sozdan Krymskij federalnyj okrug RBC March 21 2014 Archived from the original on March 22 2014 Retrieved November 18 2015 a b c d Chiselnist nayavnogo naselennya Ukrayini na 1 sichnya 2021 Number of Present Population of Ukraine as of January 1 2021 PDF in Ukrainian and English Kyiv State Statistics Service of Ukraine 3 4 Archived March 26 2018 at the Wayback Machine Rejting trezvosti 2017 kto v Rossii menshe vseh pet Quinn Eilis May 14 2020 Catastrophic economic situation prompts merger talks for Nenets AO and Arkhangelsk Oblast The Barents Observer Retrieved May 15 2020 Russian Regions to Become Single Federal Subject in Decade First The Moscow Times May 13 2020 Retrieved May 15 2020 Antonova Elizaveta July 2 2020 The head of the Nenets Autonomous District declared refusal to unite with the Arkhangelsk region RBC in Russian Retrieved July 6 2020 Sources 12 dekabrya 1993 g Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii v red Federalnogo konstitucionnogo zakona 7 FKZ ot 30 dekabrya 2008 g Vstupil v silu so dnya oficialnogo opublikovaniya Opublikovan Rossijskaya gazeta 237 25 dekabrya 1993 g December 12 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation as amended by the Federal Constitutional Law 7 FKZ of December 30 2008 Effective as of the official publication date Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Federal subjects of Russia amp oldid 1134161335, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
