Stavropol Krai
Stavropol Krai (Russian: Ставропо́льский край, romanized: Stavropolʹsky kray), also known as Stavropolye (Ставропо́лье), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia, and is administratively part of the North Caucasian Federal District. Stavropol Krai has a population of 2,907,593, according to the 2021 Census.
Stavropol Krai | |
|---|---|
| Ставропольский край | |
Coat of arms | |
| Coordinates: 45°03′N 43°16′E / 45.050°N 43.267°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal district | North Caucasian[1] |
| Economic region | North Caucasus[2] |
| Administrative center | Stavropol |
| Government | |
| • Body | Duma[3] |
| • Governor[3] | Vladimir Vladimirov[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 66,160 km2 (25,540 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 45th |
| Population | |
| • Total | 2,907,593 |
| • Estimate (2018)[7] | 2,800,674 |
| • Rank | 14th |
| • Urban | 60.6% |
| • Rural | 39.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [8]) |
| ISO 3166 code | RU-STA |
| License plates | 26, 126 |
| OKTMO ID | 07000000 |
| Official languages | Russian[9] |
| Website | http://www.stavregion.ru |
Stavropol is the largest city and the capital of Stavropol Krai, and Pyatigorsk is the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District.
Stavropol Krai is bordered by Krasnodar Krai to the west, Rostov Oblast to the north-west, Kalmykia to the north, Dagestan to the east, and Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia to the south. It is one of the most multi-ethnic federal subjects in Russia, with thirty-three ethnic groups with more than 2,000 persons each. The western area of Stavropol Krai is considered part of the Kuban region, the traditional home of the Kuban Cossacks, with most of the krai's population living in the drainage basin of the Kuban River.
Geography edit
*Smaller areas along the north Caucasus are the republics: Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, and Chechnya
*Yellow is the Southern Federal District and below it is the North Caucasian Federal District (light grey)
The krai encompasses the central part of the Fore-Caucasus and most of the northern slopes of Caucasus Major. It borders with Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Karachay–Cherkessia.
Climate edit
Most of Stavropol Krai experiences hot-summer humid continental climate (except for mountains). Winters are shorter and warmer than in most of Russia but still freezing and snowy: average January temperature is between −2 °C (28 °F) and −6 °C (21 °F). Summers are warm to hot with average July temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F). Extremes range from −35 °C (−31 °F) in winter to 40 °C (104 °F) in summer. Average annual precipitation is 400 to 600 millimetres (16 to 24 in).
History edit
The krai was established as North Caucasus Krai on October 17, 1924. After undergoing numerous administrative changes, it was renamed Ordzhonikidze Krai (Орджоникидзевский край), after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, in March 1937, and Stavropol Krai on January 12, 1943.
Politics edit
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the region (krai) was shared between three persons: the First Secretary of the Stavropol Krai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the Chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power).
In 1970–1978, Mikhail Gorbachev, a native of Stavropol Krai, occupied the position of the First Secretary of the Krai's Communist Party Committee. He left the region for Moscow in 1978, when he was promoted to a Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, to become the Party's General Secretary and the nation's leader 7 years later. The region was also native to Yuri Andropov, who was also leader of the Soviet Union for a short time.
Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Krai Administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside the elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Stavropol Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Stavropol Krai is the province's regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Economy edit
Large companies in the region include Stavrolen, Arnest, Concern Enorgomera, Nevinomiskiy Azot, Stavropolskiy Gres.[11]
Agriculture edit
Irrigated agriculture is well developed in the region. As of the beginning of 2001, Stavropol Krai had 3,361 km of irrigation canals, of which 959 km were lined (i.e., had concrete or stone walls, rather than merely soil walls, to reduce the loss of water).[12]
Among the major irrigation canals are:[12]
- Nevinnomyssk Canal (Невинномысский канал), the trunk of the Kuban–Yegorlyk Irrigation System.
- The Great Stavropol Canal (Большой Ставропольский канал), transporting water from the Kuban River eastward across the entire krai.
- The Terek-Kuma Canal and Kuma–Manych Canal, transporting water from the Terek River via the Kuma River to the East Manych River.
Demographics edit
According to the 2021 Census the Krai's population was 2,907,593,[13] up from 2,786,281 in the 2010 Census[14] and further up from 2,410,379 recorded in the 1989 Census.[15] The population of the krai is concentrated in the drainage basins of the Kuban River and of the Kuma River, which used to be traditional Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). In modern Russia the Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered ethnic Russians, although their roots are in central Ukraine (historically, their dialect was descended from that of Cherkasy). Other notable ethnic groups include Armenians (mostly Christian Hamsheni), Armeno-Tats, Pontic Greeks, Ukrainians, Turkmens as well as indigenous groups from the North Caucasian republics, especially from Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan.
Vital statistics for 2022:[16][17]
- Births: 25,332 (9.1 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 33,865 (12.2 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):[18]
1.29 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):[19]
Total — 71.66 years (male — 67.68, female — 75.43)
Settlements edit
Largest cities or towns in Stavropol Krai 2010 Russian Census | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Administrative Division | Pop. | |||||||
| Stavropol Pyatigorsk | 1 | Stavropol | City of krai significance of Stavropol | 398,539 | Kislovodsk Nevinnomyssk | ||||
| 2 | Pyatigorsk | City of krai significance of Pyatigorsk | 142,511 | ||||||
| 3 | Kislovodsk | City of krai significance of Kislovodsk | 128,553 | ||||||
| 4 | Nevinnomyssk | City of krai significance of Nevinnomyssk | 118,360 | ||||||
| 5 | Yessentuki | City of krai significance of Yessentuki | 100,996 | ||||||
| 6 | Mineralnye Vody | Mineralovodsky District | 76,728 | ||||||
| 7 | Georgiyevsk | Georgiyevsky District | 72,153 | ||||||
| 8 | Mikhaylovsk | Shpakovsky District | 70,981 | ||||||
| 9 | Budyonnovsk | Budyonnovsky District | 64,624 | ||||||
| 10 | Izobilny | Izobilnensky District | 40,555 | ||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 873,301 | — |
| 1926 | 674,559 | −22.8% |
| 1939 | 1,950,887 | +189.2% |
| 1959 | 1,882,911 | −3.5% |
| 1970 | 2,305,780 | +22.5% |
| 1979 | 2,539,219 | +10.1% |
| 1989 | 2,857,188 | +12.5% |
| 2002 | 2,735,139 | −4.3% |
| 2010 | 2,786,281 | +1.9% |
| 2021 | 2,907,593 | +4.4% |
| Source: Census data | ||
Ethnic groups edit
The 2010 Census counted thirty-three ethnic groups of more than 2,000 persons each, making this federal subject one of the most multiethnic in Russia. The inhabitants identified themselves as belonging to more than 140 different ethnic groups, as shown in the following table:[20]
| Population | Ethnicity | Percentage of total population |
|---|---|---|
| 2,309,460 | Russians | 79.4% |
| 135,384 | Armenians | 4.7% |
| 58,785 | Dargins | 2.0% |
| 38,045 | Romani people | 1.3% |
| 23,943 | Greeks | 0.8% |
| 22,569 | Nogais | 0.8% |
| 15,649 | Karachay | 0.5% |
| 15,100 | Turkmens | 0.5% |
| 13,996 | Azerbaijanis | 0.5% |
| 13,779 | Chechens | 0.5% |
| 12,724 | Turks | 0.4% |
| 10,288 | Avars | 0.4% |
| 9,895 | Ukrainians | 0.3% |
| 8,354 | Tatars | 0.3% |
| 97,793 | Other Ethnicity | 3.4% |
| 121,829 | Ethnicity not stated | 4.2% |
Religion edit
According to a 2012 survey[21] 46.9% of the population of Stavropol Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Muslims, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies, and 1% of the population adheres to Rodnovery or local native faiths. In addition, 19% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 7.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[21]
Administrative divisions edit
Stavropol Krai is administratively divided into twenty-six districts (raions) and ten cities/towns. The districts are further subdivided into nine towns of district subordinance, seven urban-type settlements, and 284 rural okrugs and stanitsa okrugs.
Notable people edit
- Yuri Andropov (1914–1984), the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022), the last President of the Soviet Union.
- Joseph Trumpeldor (1880–1920), early Zionist activist and organizer of the Jewish Legion.
- Fyodor Kulakov (1918–1978), a former Soviet governor of Stavropol Krai
- Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841), a Russian poet, novelist, playwright and painter.[23]
- Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), a writer, author of The Gulag Archipelago, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
- Piotr Mikhailovich Skarżyński (1744–1805), A Russian Major General. He served in the cavalry units of the Russian army and he commanded the Buzhan Cossacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1791, he showed heroism during the assault on Ochakov and the defense of the Kinburn fortress. He was awarded the Order of St. George.[24]
References edit
Notes edit
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ a b Charter of Stavropol Krai, Article 8
- ^ Official website of Stavropol Krai. Vladimir Vladimirovich Vladimirov, Governor of Stavropol Krai (in Russian)
- ^ . Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ October 17, 1924 is the date of establishment of North Caucasus Krai, which underwent several renamings and administrative changes before stabilizing in its present borders.
- ^ "Stavropol Territory Industries". investinregions.ru. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ a b Общая информация О водных ресурсах края December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (General information about the water resources of the krai), from the regional government site. (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ . ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ . ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
- ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
- ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. .
- ^ Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 484–485.
- ^ "Пионеры русского виноделия на Кавказе: Скаржинский".
Sources edit
- Государственная Дума Ставропольского края. №6-кз 12 октября 1994 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Ставропольского края», в ред. Закона №132-кз от 2 декабря 2015 г. «О поправках к Уставу (Основному Закону) Ставропольского края». Опубликован: "Ставропольская правда", №198–199, 14 октября 1994 г. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. #6-kz October 12, 1994 Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #132-kz of December 2, 2015 On the Amendments to the Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai. ).
External links edit
- News and events of Stavropol Krai
- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). p. 816.
- (in Russian) Official website of Stavropol Krai
- (in Russian) Stavropol Krai News Portal February 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine