Myanmar (also known as Burma) is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognised by the Burmese government. These are grouped into eight "major national ethnic races":
An ethnolinguistic map of Burma (note: A number of ethnic minorities are not acknowledged on this map including the Rakhine who make up 3.5 percent of the population).
The "major national ethnic races" are grouped primarily according to region rather than linguistic or ethnic affiliation, as for example the Shan Major National Ethnic Race includes 33 ethnic groups speaking languages in at least four widely differing language families.[1]
The list has faced criticism for overcounting the number of ethnic groups. Specifically, it represents clans and dialectical differences as distinct ethnic groups, sometimes even repeating the same group under a different name.[2] According to Gamanii, a researcher who scrutinized the claim, only 59 out of the 135 ethnic groups mentioned can be verified as existing entities.[3]
Many unrecognised ethnic groups exist, the largest being the Burmese Chinese and Panthay (who together form 3% of the population), Burmese Indians (who form 2% of the population), Rohingya, Anglo-Burmese and Gurkha. There are no official statistics regarding the population of the latter two groups, although unofficial estimates place around 52,000 Anglo-Burmese in Burma with around 1.6 million outside the country.
Note** This list is very controversial and is only for 135 ethnic groups but doesn’t include government’s unrecognized ethnic groups such as Rohingya which has over a million people living in western part of Myanmar, Chinese Burmese, Gurkha, Panthay,Anglo Burmese and Jews.[4]
^. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2007. For example, the Shan speak a Tai–Kadai language, the Lahu speak a Tibeto-Burman language, the Khamu speak a Mon–Khmer language, and the Yao speak a Hmong–Mien language.
^"2014 Population Census: The problematic of 135 ethnic groups categorization". Shan Herald. 5 December 2017. from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
^ abGamanii (25 September 2012). . Shan Herald. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
^"Party Mergers: Falling Short of Expectation (YMG Season 2 Episode 2) | ISP-Myanmar". 15 December 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^"Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups". from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
^ abcdefg"Ethnologue". from the original on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2006.
^The source of this list is the 9 captions from an unscientific Italian book, therefore Italian spelling. I Ghekhù : tribu criana della Birmania orientale. Paolo Manna. 1902. Milano.
^Mullins, Jeremy; Aye, Mon Mon (30 March 2014). "Panthay Muslims protect their name". Myanmar Times. from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
^Tracing an Indian Diaspora: Contexts, Memories, Representations – Google Books
and Burma: Time for Change by Minority Rights Group International
Booksedit
U Min Naing, National Ethnic Groups of Myanmar (Trans. by Hpone Thant).
Yangon: Thein Myint Win Press, 2000.
"National Races of Myanmar" (1960) by the Ministry of Culture
January 01, 1970
list, ethnic, groups, myanmar, myanmar, also, known, burma, ethnically, diverse, nation, with, distinct, ethnic, groups, officially, recognised, burmese, government, these, grouped, into, eight, major, national, ethnic, races, bamar, kayin, rakhine, shan, chin. Myanmar also known as Burma is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognised by the Burmese government These are grouped into eight major national ethnic races Bamar Kayin Rakhine Shan Mon Chin Kachin KarenniAn ethnolinguistic map of Burma note A number of ethnic minorities are not acknowledged on this map including the Rakhine who make up 3 5 percent of the population The major national ethnic races are grouped primarily according to region rather than linguistic or ethnic affiliation as for example the Shan Major National Ethnic Race includes 33 ethnic groups speaking languages in at least four widely differing language families 1 The list has faced criticism for overcounting the number of ethnic groups Specifically it represents clans and dialectical differences as distinct ethnic groups sometimes even repeating the same group under a different name 2 According to Gamanii a researcher who scrutinized the claim only 59 out of the 135 ethnic groups mentioned can be verified as existing entities 3 Many unrecognised ethnic groups exist the largest being the Burmese Chinese and Panthay who together form 3 of the population Burmese Indians who form 2 of the population Rohingya Anglo Burmese and Gurkha There are no official statistics regarding the population of the latter two groups although unofficial estimates place around 52 000 Anglo Burmese in Burma with around 1 6 million outside the country Note This list is very controversial and is only for 135 ethnic groups but doesn t include government s unrecognized ethnic groups such as Rohingya which has over a million people living in western part of Myanmar Chinese Burmese Gurkha Panthay Anglo Burmese and Jews 4 Ethnic composition of Myanmar Bamar 68 78 Kayin 6 69 Rakhine 4 61 Shan 4 51 Mon 2 19 Chin 2 09 Kachin 1 50 Karenni 0 39 Other minorities 9 24 Contents 1 Officially recognized ethnic groups 2 List grouped by language family 2 1 Sino Tibetan 2 2 Tai Kadai 2 3 Indo European 2 4 Hmong Mien 2 5 Austroasiatic 2 6 Austronesian 3 Unrecognised ethnic groups 4 Language ISO 639 3 codes 10 5 See also 6 References 7 External links 8 BooksOfficially recognized ethnic groups editNote The list is very controversial Many of the names and spelling variants are known only from this list 3 5 Kachin comprises 12 different ethnic groups 1 Kachin see Jingpo people 2 Tarone see Taron people 3 Dalaung unknown 6 4 Jinghpaw see Singpho people 5 Guari unknown 6 6 Hkahku see Jingpo people 7 Duleng unknown 6 8 Maru Lawgore 9 Rawang see Nung Rawang 10 Lashi La Chit 11 Atsi see Zaiwa language 12 Lisu Kayah comprises 9 different ethnic groups Note a known questionable source 7 13 Kayah Karenni 14 Zayein Lahta Gaungto Loilong Karens 15 Ka Yun Kayan Padaung 16 Gheko Karen Geko 17 Kebar maybe translation error for Geba Karen language 18 Bre Ka Yaw Kayaw 19 Manu Manaw Manumanaw 20 Yin Talai maybe Yintale 21 Yin Baw Yinbaw Kayin comprises 11 different ethnic groups 22 Karen Kayin 23 Kayinpyu Geba Karen 24 Pa Le Chi maybe Mobwa 25 Mon Kayin Sarpyu unknown 6 26 Sgaw Karen S gaw 27 Ta Lay Pwa maybe Thalebwa 6 28 Paku Karen Paku 29 Bwe Bwe Karen 30 Monnepwa Karen Paku 31 Monpwa unknown 6 32 Shu Pwo Kayin Chin comprises 53 different ethnic groups Possibly originally a list of tax rate districts With the highest tax first 33 Chin 34 Meithei Meitei Kathe Pangal dd 35 Saline ethnic group 36 Ka Lin Kaw people Lushay 37 Khumi Khami 38 Mro Khimi people 39 Khawno 40 Kaungso 41 Kaung Saing Chin 42 Kwelshin Khualsim 43 Kwangli Sim 44 Gunte people Lyente Falam 45 Gwete Guite 46 Ngorn Chin Ngawn 47 Siyin Sizaang Sizang 6 48 Sentang 49 Saing Zan 50 Za How Zahau 51 Zotung 52 Zo Pe 53 Zo 54 Zanniat Zanniet 55 Tapong 56 Tiddim Hai Dim 57 Tay Zan 58 Taishon Tashon 59 Thado 60 Torr people Tawr 61 Dim 62 Dai Yindu 63 Naga 64 Tangkhul 65 Malin 66 Panun 67 Magun 68 Matu 69 Miram Mara Shendu Lakher etc 70 Mi er 71 Mgan 72 Lushei Lushay 73 Laymyo 74 Lyente 75 Lautu 76 Lai Haka Chin 77 Laizao 78 Mro Wakim 79 Hualngo 80 Anu 81 Anun 82 Oo Pu 83 Lhinbu 84 Asho Plain 85 Rongtu Burman comprises 9 ethnic groups 86 Burman Bamar 87 Dawei of Dawei city 88 Beik 89 Yaw 90 Yabein 91 Kadu Kado 92 Ganan 93 Salone Salon Moken 94 Hpon Mon comprises 1 ethnic group 95 Mon Rakhine comprises 7 ethnic groups 96 Rakhine Arakanese 97 Kamein 98 Khami 99 Daingnet 100 Maramagyi 101 Mro people Awa Khami 102 Thet Shan comprises 33 ethnic groups 103 Shan Tai 104 Yun Lao 105 Kwi 106 Pyin 107 Yao Hmong Mien 108 Danaw Danau 109 Pale 110 Eng En 111 Son 112 Khamu Khmu 113 Kaw Akha E Kaw 114 Kokant Kokang 115 Khamti Shan 116 Hkun Khun 117 Taungyo 118 Danu 119 Palaung 120 Man Zi 121 Yin Kya 122 Yin Net 123 Shan Gale 124 Shan Gyi 125 Lahu 126 Intha 127 Eik swair 128 Pa O Taungthu Black Karen 129 Tai Loi 130 Tai Leng Red Shan 131 Tai Lon 132 Tai Lay 133 Maingtha Achang 134 Maw Shan 135 Wa Va List grouped by language family editSino Tibetan edit Chinese Kokang Mandarin Chinese dialect sometimes spelled Kokant Tibeto Burman Burman Bamar Anu Asho Plain Atsi Beik Bwe Chin Ngawn Dalaung Danu Dawei Dim Duleng Ganan Gheko Gunte Lyente Haulngo Hpon Intha Kachin Jingpo Kadu Kado Karen Kayin Kaw Akha E Kaw Akha Kayinpyu Geba Karen Khams Tibetan Kwelshin Lahu Tai Kadai edit Tai Shan Hkun also spelled Khun Khamti Shan Thai Indo European edit Indo Aryan Daignet people Kamein Maramagyi Lai Haka Chin Laizo Lashi La Chit Lisu Lyente Maingtha Marma Maru Lawgore Meitei Pangal also spelled Meithei or Kathe Miram Mara Monnepwa Mro Wakim Naga Pa O Pyin Rakhine Arakanese Rawang Sgaw Shu Pwo Taron Taungyo Thet Tiddim Hai Dim Torr also spelled Tawr Yaw Zo Zophei Zotung Hmong Mien edit Yao Austroasiatic edit Mon Khmer Mon Danaw also spelled Danau Khmu Khamu Tai Loi Wa Va Palaung Pale Austronesian edit Malayo Polynesian Malay Moken also spelled Salon or Salone Unrecognised ethnic groups editThe government of Myanmar does not recognise several ethnic groups as being among the list of 135 officially recognised ethnic groups Anglo Burmese people Burmese Chinese Panthay 8 Burmese Indians 9 Taungtha people Rohingya people Burmese gorkhas Nepalese Burmese Mizos Jews Bamar Muslims Pathi Language ISO 639 3 codes 10 editNote This is a list of is languages and the name of a language are not always the same as the name of an ethnic group Achang acn Akeu aeu Akha ahk Anal anm Anong nun Blang blr Burmese mya Chak ckh Chakma ccp Chin Chin Anu Hkongso anl Chin Asho csh Chin Bawm bgr Chin Bualkhaw cbl Chin Chinbon cnb Chin Daai dao Chin Dim ctd Chin Eastern Khumi cek Chin Falam cfm Chin Haka cnh Chin Kaang ckn Chin Khumi cnk Chin Laitu clj Chin Lautu clt Chin Mara mrh Chin Matu hlt Chin Mizo lus Chin Mro Khimi cmr Chin Muun mwq Chin Ngawn cnw Chin Rawngtu weu Chin Rungtu rtc Chin Senthang sez Chin Siyin csy Chin Songlai csj Chin Sumtu csv Chin Tawr tcp Chin Tedim ctd Chin Thado tcz Chin Thaiphum cth Chin Zotung czt Chin Zyphe zyp Chin Zanniat language Chinese Chinese Mandarin cmn Danau dnu Danu dnv Drung duu Hmong Njua hnj Hpon hpo Intha int Jingpho kac Kadu zkd Kanan zkn Karen Karen Bwe bwe Karen Geba kvq Karen Geko ghk Karen Mobwa jkm Karen Paku jkp Karen Pwo Eastern kjp Karen Pwo Western pwo Karen S gaw ksw Kayah Kayah Eastern eky Kayah Western kyu Kedah Malay meo Kayan pdu Kayaw kvl Khamti kht Khun kkh Lahta kvt Lahu lhu Lahu Shi lhi Lashi lsi Lhao Vo mhx Lisu lis Lu khb Manumanaw kxf Moken mwt Mon mnw Mru mro Naga Naga Akyaung Ari nqy Naga Khiamniungan kix Naga Koki nxk Naga Konyak nbe Naga Kyan Karyaw nqq Naga Lao nlq Naga Leinong lzn Naga Long Phuri lpn Naga Makuri jmn Naga Makyan umn Naga Para pzn Naga Ponyo Gongwang npg Naga Tangkhul ntx Naga Tase nst Nusu nuf Palaung Palaung Ruching pce Palaung Rumai rbb Palaung Shwe pll Pali pli Pa o blk Pyen pyy Rakhine rki Rawang raw Riang ril Samtao stu Shan shn Tai Laing tjl Tai Loi tlq Tai Nua tdd Taman tcl Taungyo tobacco Tavoyan tvn Tibetan Tibetan Khams khg Wa Wa Parauk prk Wewaw wea Yinbaw kvu Yinchia yin Yintale yin Zaiwa atb Zayein kxk Zo zom Thaungtha is similar with rabainSee also edit nbsp Myanmar portalReferences edit Myanmar People amp Races Archived from the original on 9 June 2010 Retrieved 14 December 2007 For example the Shan speak a Tai Kadai language the Lahu speak a Tibeto Burman language the Khamu speak a Mon Khmer language and the Yao speak a Hmong Mien language 2014 Population Census The problematic of 135 ethnic groups categorization Shan Herald 5 December 2017 Archived from the original on 29 January 2022 Retrieved 8 March 2023 a b Gamanii 25 September 2012 135 Counting Races in Burma Shan Herald Archived from the original on 5 January 2014 Retrieved 26 August 2013 Party Mergers Falling Short of Expectation YMG Season 2 Episode 2 ISP Myanmar 15 December 2020 Retrieved 10 May 2024 Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups Archived from the original on 10 April 2020 Retrieved 17 August 2013 a b c d e f g Ethnologue Archived from the original on 13 October 2011 Retrieved 1 May 2006 The source of this list is the 9 captions from an unscientific Italian book therefore Italian spelling I Ghekhu tribu criana della Birmania orientale Paolo Manna 1902 Milano Mullins Jeremy Aye Mon Mon 30 March 2014 Panthay Muslims protect their name Myanmar Times Archived from the original on 23 May 2017 Retrieved 30 May 2017 Tracing an Indian Diaspora Contexts Memories Representations Google Books http www ethnologue com country MM languages Archived 5 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Ethnologue MyanmarExternal links editList of ethnic groups in Myanmar Myanmar Ministry of Hotels and Tourism Ethnologue page for Burma languages Minorities in Burma and Burma Time for Change by Minority Rights Group InternationalBooks editU Min Naing National Ethnic Groups of Myanmar Trans by Hpone Thant Yangon Thein Myint Win Press 2000 National Races of Myanmar 1960 by the Ministry of Culture Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of ethnic groups in Myanmar amp oldid 1223224618, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
