The language is closely related to the Moklen language, and can be mistaken to be similar to Urak Lawoi' but is in actuality distantly related.[2] They are also regarded as "sea people" as the speakers are primarily concentrated within the Andaman Sea.[3]
HistoryEdit
An oral language, Moken is a Malayo-Polynesian language formed after the migration of the Austronesians from Taiwan 5,000–6,000 years ago, resulting in the development of this Austronesian language.[4] While the population consists of 4,000 Moken, only an estimated 1,500 native speakers remain as of 2009, causing the language to be threatened with extinction.
EndangermentEdit
Out of the ethnic population, the main speakers of Moken are the elder generations as its lack of literacy becomes difficult in the transference of the language,[5] however its lack of literacy has also helped conserve the language. Their title of "sea people" alludes to their grand knowledge of the sea, as that was their way of migration, and the traditional lifestyle of remaining within villages has built generations of marine and forest knowledge as well as boating skills. The advantages of their lifestyle were capitalised when the Surin Islands, where a great many Moken reside, experienced a great tsunami in December 2004 as their ancestors have integrated legends of the "seven rollers" and the "laboon" (giant wave).[3]
Geographic distributionEdit
The language of Moken is spoken in Burma and Thailand, and its derived languages are spoken around the Andaman Sea.
The Moken language follows similar to English phonology regarding intonation in sentences. Rising contour intonations occur when saying sentences that end as questions or as exclamations. Falling contour intonations are used within regular sentences.
When it comes to two words in Moken that are pronounced in sequences; the first word will maintain a level intonation and the second word ends with a rising intonation.
In terms of syllables, monosyllabic words with have a levelled amount of stress throughout pronunciation; while words composed of a prefixed syllable and a major syllable will have stress placed on the major syllable. In other words, the last syllable will always be stressed and its absence gives clue to word breaks.
Bradley, David (2007). "East and Southeast Asia". In Moseley, Christopher (ed.). Encyclopedia of the World’s Endangered Languages. London: Routledge. pp. 349–424.
Chantanakomes, V. (1980). A Description of Moken: A Malayo-Polynesian Language (Master's thesis). Mahidol University.
Dancause, Kelsey Needham; Chan, Chim W; Arunotai, Narumon Hinshiranan; Lum, J Koji (2009). "Origins of the Moken Sea Gypsies Inferred from Mitochondrial Hypervariable Region and Whole Genome Sequences". Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (2): 86–93. doi:10.1038/jhg.2008.12.
Kraisame, Sarawut (2018). "Language Endangerment and Community Empowerment: Experience Form Community Training in the Moken Language Documentation and Preservation Project". Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 39 (2): 244–253. doi:10.1016/j.kjss.2017.05.002.
Larish, Michael (2005). "Moken and Moklen". In Adelaar, Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. (eds.). The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar. London: Routledge. pp. 513–533. ISBN0-7007-1286-0.
Naw Say Bay (1995). "The Phonology of the Dung Dialect of Moken". In Bradley, D. (ed.). Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 13: Studies in Burmese Languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 193–205. doi:10.15144/PL-A83.193. ISBN0-85883-427-8.
Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2005). "Moken as a Mainland Southeast Asian language". In Grant, A.; Sidwell, P. (eds.). Chamic and Beyond: Studies in Mainland Austronesian Languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 189–209. doi:10.15144/PL-569.189. ISBN0-85883-561-4.
UN/ISDR (2008). Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction: Good Practices and Lessons Learnt from the Asia-Pacific Region.
October 16, 2023
moken, language, moken, spoken, inhabitants, southern, myanmar, southern, thailand, refer, themselves, moken, people, mawken, mokenselung, mawken, basing, selong, salong, salon, chau, moklennative, tothailand, myanmarregionsoutheast, asiaethnicitymokennative, . Moken is spoken by inhabitants in southern Myanmar and Southern Thailand who refer to themselves as Moken people and Mawken 2 MokenSelung Mawken Basing Selong Salong Salon Chau Ko MoklenNative toThailand MyanmarRegionSoutheast AsiaEthnicityMokenNative speakers6 000 worldwide 2010 1 Language familyAustronesian Malayo PolynesianMoklenicMokenLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code mwt class extiw title iso639 3 mwt mwt a Glottologmoke1242ELPMoken Contents 1 Classification 2 History 3 Endangerment 4 Geographic distribution 5 Dialects Varieties 6 Sounds Phonology 7 References 8 BibliographyClassification EditThe language is closely related to the Moklen language and can be mistaken to be similar to Urak Lawoi but is in actuality distantly related 2 They are also regarded as sea people as the speakers are primarily concentrated within the Andaman Sea 3 History EditAn oral language Moken is a Malayo Polynesian language formed after the migration of the Austronesians from Taiwan 5 000 6 000 years ago resulting in the development of this Austronesian language 4 While the population consists of 4 000 Moken only an estimated 1 500 native speakers remain as of 2009 causing the language to be threatened with extinction Endangerment EditOut of the ethnic population the main speakers of Moken are the elder generations as its lack of literacy becomes difficult in the transference of the language 5 however its lack of literacy has also helped conserve the language Their title of sea people alludes to their grand knowledge of the sea as that was their way of migration and the traditional lifestyle of remaining within villages has built generations of marine and forest knowledge as well as boating skills The advantages of their lifestyle were capitalised when the Surin Islands where a great many Moken reside experienced a great tsunami in December 2004 as their ancestors have integrated legends of the seven rollers and the laboon giant wave 3 Geographic distribution EditThe language of Moken is spoken in Burma and Thailand and its derived languages are spoken around the Andaman Sea Dialects Varieties Edit nbsp Dung 635 speakers 6 spoken in Burma Jait 331 speakers 6 spoken in Burma Lebi L be 980 speakers 6 spoken in Burma Niawi spoken in Burma Jadiak spoken in ThailandDung Jait Lebi and Niawi are spoken in Burma and Jadiak in Thailand The Burmese varieties have not been adequately investigated Sounds Phonology EditConsonants of Moken 7 8 Labial Alveolar Palatal Dorsalp t c kpʰ tʰ cʰ kʰb d ɟ gs hm n ɲ ŋw l r jVowels of Moken 7 i i u u e e e o o ɛ ɛ a a ɔ ɔ ie ueThe Moken language follows similar to English phonology regarding intonation in sentences Rising contour intonations occur when saying sentences that end as questions or as exclamations Falling contour intonations are used within regular sentences When it comes to two words in Moken that are pronounced in sequences the first word will maintain a level intonation and the second word ends with a rising intonation In terms of syllables monosyllabic words with have a levelled amount of stress throughout pronunciation while words composed of a prefixed syllable and a major syllable will have stress placed on the major syllable In other words the last syllable will always be stressed and its absence gives clue to word breaks Moken mostly consists of disyllabic words 9 References Edit UNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in Danger a b Naw Say Bay 1995 p 193 a b UN ISDR 2008 Dancause et al 2009 Kraisame 2018 a b c Naw Say Bay 2015 The Process of Preserving Moken from Extinction Paper presented at SoLE 4 Payap University a b Pittayaporn 2005 Naw et al 1995 harvp error no target CITEREFNawSay Bay1995 help Chantanakomes 1980 Bibliography EditBradley David 2007 East and Southeast Asia In Moseley Christopher ed Encyclopedia of the World s Endangered Languages London Routledge pp 349 424 Chantanakomes V 1980 A Description of Moken A Malayo Polynesian Language Master s thesis Mahidol University Dancause Kelsey Needham Chan Chim W Arunotai Narumon Hinshiranan Lum J Koji 2009 Origins of the Moken Sea Gypsies Inferred from Mitochondrial Hypervariable Region and Whole Genome Sequences Journal of Human Genetics 54 2 86 93 doi 10 1038 jhg 2008 12 Kraisame Sarawut 2018 Language Endangerment and Community Empowerment Experience Form Community Training in the Moken Language Documentation and Preservation Project Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 39 2 244 253 doi 10 1016 j kjss 2017 05 002 Larish Michael 2005 Moken and Moklen In Adelaar Alexander Himmelmann Nikolaus P eds The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar London Routledge pp 513 533 ISBN 0 7007 1286 0 Naw Say Bay 1995 The Phonology of the Dung Dialect of Moken In Bradley D ed Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No 13 Studies in Burmese Languages Canberra Pacific Linguistics pp 193 205 doi 10 15144 PL A83 193 ISBN 0 85883 427 8 Pittayaporn Pittayawat 2005 Moken as a Mainland Southeast Asian language In Grant A Sidwell P eds Chamic and Beyond Studies in Mainland Austronesian Languages Canberra Pacific Linguistics pp 189 209 doi 10 15144 PL 569 189 ISBN 0 85883 561 4 UN ISDR 2008 Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Good Practices and Lessons Learnt from the Asia Pacific Region Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Moken language amp oldid 1167539085, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
