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Ely, Cambridgeshire

January 19, 2024

For other uses, see Ely (disambiguation).

Ely (/ˈiːli/ ⓘ EE-lee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in the East Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire, England, about 14 miles (23 km) north-northeast of Cambridge and 80 miles (130 km) from London.

Ely
Ely Cathedral from the south-east
Ely
Location within Cambridgeshire
Area69 sq mi (180 km2) [1]
Population20,112 
• Density291/sq mi (112/km2)
Civil parish
  • Ely
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townELY
Postcode districtCB6, CB7
Dialling code01353
PoliceCambridgeshire
FireCambridgeshire
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
WebsiteVisit Ely
List of places
UK
England
Cambridgeshire
52°23′53″N 00°15′44″E / 52.39806°N 0.26222°E / 52.39806; 0.26222

Ely is built on a 23-square-mile (60 km2) Kimmeridge Clay island which, at 85 feet (26 m), is the highest land in the Fens. It was due to this topography that Ely was not waterlogged like the surrounding Fenland, and was an island separated from the mainland.[2] Major rivers including the Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse feed into the Fens and, until draining commenced in the eighteenth century, formed freshwater marshes and meres within which peat was laid down. Once the Fens were drained, this peat created a rich and fertile soil ideal for farming.

The River Great Ouse was a significant means of transport until the Fens were drained and Ely ceased to be an island in the seventeenth century.[3] The river is now a popular boating spot, and has a large marina. Although now surrounded by land, the city is still known as "The Isle of Ely".

There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the city: a former Kimmeridge Clay quarry, and one of the United Kingdom's best remaining examples of medieval ridge and furrow agriculture.

The economy of the region is mainly agricultural. Before the Fens were drained, eel fishing was an important activity, from which the settlement's name may have been derived. Other important activities included wildfowling, peat extraction, and the harvesting of osier (willow) and sedge (rush). The city had been the centre of local pottery production for more than 700 years, including pottery known as Babylon ware. A Roman road, Akeman Street, passes through the city; the southern end is at Ermine Street near Wimpole and its northern end is at Brancaster. Little direct evidence of Roman occupation in Ely exists, although there are nearby Roman settlements such as those at Little Thetford and Stretham.

A coach route, known to have existed in 1753 between Ely and Cambridge, was improved in 1769 as a turnpike (toll road). The present-day A10 closely follows this route. Ely railway station, built in 1845, is on the Fen Line and is now a railway hub, with lines north to King's Lynn, northwest to Peterborough, east to Norwich, southeast to Ipswich and south to Cambridge and London.

Henry II granted the first annual fair, Saint Etheldreda's (or Saint Audrey's) seven-day event, to the abbot and convent on 10 October 1189. The word "tawdry" originates from cheap lace sold at this fair. A weekly market has taken place in Ely Market Square since at least the 13th century. Markets are now held on Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays, with a farmers' market on the 2nd and 4th Saturdays of each month.

Present-day annual events include the Eel Festival in May, established in 2004, and a fireworks display in Ely Park, first staged in 1974. The city of Ely has been twinned with Denmark's oldest town, Ribe, since 1956. Ely City Football Club was formed in 1885.

History edit

 
1880 map of the Isle of Ely with nearby rivers

Pre-history edit

Roswell Pits[i] are a palaeontologically significant Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) one mile (1.6 km) northeast of the city. The Jurassic Kimmeridge Clays were quarried in the 19th and 20th centuries for the production of pottery and for maintenance of river embankments. Many specimens of ammonites, belemnites and bivalves were found during quarrying, in addition to an almost complete specimen of a pliosaur.[6]

There is some scattered evidence of Late Mesolithic[7] to Bronze Age[8] activity in Ely such as Neolithic flint tools,[9] a Bronze Age axe[10] and spearhead.[11] There is slightly denser Iron Age and Roman activity with some evidence of at least seasonal occupation. For example, a possible farmstead, of the late Iron Age to early Roman period, was discovered at West Fen Road[12] and some Roman pottery was found close to the east end of the cathedral on The Paddock.[13] There was a Roman settlement, including a tile kiln built over an earlier Iron Age settlement, in Little Thetford, three miles (5 km) to the south.[14]

Name edit

The origin and meaning of Ely's name have always been regarded as obscure by place-name scholars, and are still disputed. The earliest record of the name is in the Latin text of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, where he wrote Elge.[15] This is apparently not a Latin name, and subsequent Latin texts nearly all used the forms Elia,[16] Eli, or Heli with inorganic H-. In Old English charters, and in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the spelling is usually Elig.[17]

Skeat derived the name Ely from what he called "O[ld] Northumbrian" ēlġē, meaning "district of eels".[18] This uses a hypothetical word *ġē, which is not recorded in isolation but thought by some to be related to the modern German word Gau, meaning "district". The theory is that the name then developed a vowel to become ēliġē, and was afterwards re-interpreted to mean "Eel Island". This essentially is the explanation accepted by Reaney[19] Ekwall,[20] Mills[21] and Watts.[22]

But difficulties remain. Bailey, in his discussion of ġē names, has pointed out that Ely would be anomalous if really from ēlġē "eel district", being remote from the areas where possible examples of ġē names occur, and moreover, there is no parallel for the use of a fish-name in compounds with ġē. More seriously, the usual English spelling remains Elig, even in the dative case used after many prepositions, where Elige would be expected if the second element were īġ "island". This is in conflict with all the other island names which surround Ely.[23]

Problems also remain, as pointed out by historian Mac Dowdy, as the word eel (or similar) did not exist at the time of the founding of Ely,[dubious – discuss] and they were instead referred to as aguilla or anguilles until the 1300s. Mac proposes that instead the city gets its name from the word "Elysium", later shortened to Ely. This is believed as Etheldreda's chamberlain, Ovin, described it as "an ancient place of great spiritual importance to the people of the region, a paradise". This was later changed as Wilfrid's chronicler used the Latin term for Paradise "Elysium".[24]

Another option, discussed by Miller in Fenland Notes and Queries, is that the name is an old Celtic name deriving either from the Brythonic helig (modern Welsh helyg) meaning willows or heli meaning salt water. Miller construes the name as meaning the singular and thinks it odd a place so abounding in the trees would be called 'a willow'.[25]

Medieval period edit

See also: Lands and Liberties of the Church at Ely

The city's origins lay in the foundation of an abbey in 673,[26][27] one mile (1.6 km) to the north of the village of Cratendune on the Isle of Ely, under the protection of Saint Etheldreda, daughter of King Anna. St Etheldreda (also known as Æthelthryth) was a queen, founder and abbess of Ely. She built a monastery in 673 AD, on the site of what is now Ely Cathedral.[1] This first abbey was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders[28] and rededicated to Etheldreda in 970 by Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester.[29] The abbots of Ely then accumulated such wealth in the region that in the Domesday survey (1086) it was the "second richest monastery in England".[30] The first Norman bishop, Simeon, started building the cathedral in 1083.[31] The octagon was rebuilt by sacrist Alan of Walsingham between 1322 and 1328 after the collapse of the original nave crossing on 22 February 1322.[32] Ely's octagon is considered "one of the wonders of the medieval world".[33] Architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner believes the octagon "is a delight from beginning to end for anyone who feels for space as strongly as for construction" and is the "greatest individual achievement of architectural genius at Ely Cathedral".[34] This gave the cathedral its distinctive shape, earning it the moniker, "The Ship of the Fens".[2] Building continued until the dissolution of the abbey in 1539 during the Reformation. The cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect George Gilbert Scott. As the seat of a diocese, Ely has long been considered a city; in 1974, city status was granted by royal charter.

 
East aspect of St Mary's vicarage, a Grade II* listed building.[35] Oliver Cromwell lived here between 1638 and 1646.[36] Since 1990, the building has been open as the Oliver Cromwell's House tourist attraction and as Ely's tourist information centre.[37][ii]

Cherry Hill is the site of Ely Castle which is of Norman construction and is a United Kingdom scheduled monument.[38] Of similar construction to Cambridge Castle, the 250-foot (76 m) diameter, 40 feet (12 m) high citadel-type motte and bailey is thought to be a royal defence built by William the Conqueror following submission of the Isle from rebels such as the Earl Morcar and the folk-hero Hereward the Wake.[39] This would date the first building of the castle to c. 1070.[38]

Henry III of England granted a market to the Bishop of Ely using letters close on 9 April 1224[40] although Ely had been a trading centre prior to this.[41] Present weekly market days are Thursday and Saturday and seasonal markets are held monthly on Sundays and Bank Holiday Mondays from Easter to November.

Protestant martyrs edit

Following the accession of Mary I of England to the throne in 1553, the papacy made its first effective efforts to enforce the Pope Paul III-initiated Catholic reforms in England.[42] During this time, which became known as the Marian Persecutions, two men from Wisbech, constable William Wolsey and painter Robert Pygot, "were accused of not ... believing that the body and blood of Christ were present in the bread and wine of the sacrament of mass".[43] For this Christian heresy they were condemned by the bishop's chancellor, John Fuller,[44] on 9 October 1555.[45] On 16 October 1555 they were burnt at the stake "probably on the Palace Green in front of Ely Cathedral".[43] In The Book of Ely published in 1990, Blakeman writes that "permission was not given" for a memorial to the martyrs to be placed on Palace Green.[43] In 2011, a plaque recording this martyrdom event was erected on the northeast corner of Palace Green by the City of Ely Perspective. The plaque is located 2 inches from the pavement floor in an obscure, easily missed corner.[46]

Oliver Cromwell edit

 
Earliest known map of Ely[47] by John Speed, 1610.[iii] The cathedral is dedicated to St Peter at this time and a windmill[38] is shown on Mount Hill where the post-conquest motte and bailey Ely Castle once stood. In the 18th century the Reverend James Bentham planted trees on Mount Hill which was named Cherry Hill at least since 1821.[50]

Oliver Cromwell lived in Ely from 1636 to 1646 after inheriting St Mary's vicarage, a sixteenth-century property—now known as Oliver Cromwell's House— from his mother's brother, Sir Thomas Steward.[51] It is possible to visit this house today.[52] During this time Cromwell was a tax collector, though was also one of the governors of Thomas Parsons' Charity,[36] which dates back to 1445[53] and was granted a Royal Charter by Charles I of England.[54] The Charity still provides grants and housing to deserving local applicants.[55]

There was a form of early workhouse in 1687, perhaps at St Mary's, which may have been part of an arrangement made between the Ely people and a Nicholas Wythers of Norwich in 1675.[56] He was paid £30 per annum to employ the poor to "spin jersey" and was to pay them in money not goods.[57] A purpose-built workhouse was erected in 1725 for 35 inmates on what is now St Mary's Court. Four other workhouses existed, including Holy Trinity on Fore Hill for 80 inmates (1738–1956) and the Ely Union workhouse, built in 1837, which housed up to 300 inmates. The latter became Tower Hospital in 1948 and is now a residential building, Tower Court. Two other former workhouses were the Haven Quayside for unmarried mothers and another on the site of what is now the Hereward Hall in Silver Street.[58]

Post-medieval decline edit

The diaries of writers and journalists such as William Camden, Celia Fiennes, Daniel Defoe, John Byng and William Cobbett illustrate the decline of Ely after the 14th century plague and the 16th century reformation which led to the dissolution of the monastery in 1539.[59] In the 1607 edition of Britannia,[iv] chorographic surveyor William Camden records that "as for Ely it selfe, it is no small Citie, or greatly to be counted off either for beauty or frequency and resort, as having an unwholsome aire by reason of the fens round about".[v] In 1698, Celia Fiennes was writing "the Bishop [Simon Patrick] does not Care to stay long in this place not being for his health ... they have lost their Charter ... and its a shame [the Bishop] does not see it better ordered and ye buildings and streetes put in a better Condition. They are a slothful people and for little but ye takeing Care of their Grounds and Cattle wch is of vast advantage".[61] Daniel Defoe, when writing in the Eastern Counties section of A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain (1722), went "to Ely, whose cathedral, standing in a level flat country, is seen far and wide ... that some of it is so antient, totters so much with every gust of wind, looks so like a decay, and seems so near it, that when ever it does fall, all that 'tis likely will be thought strange in it, will be, that it did not fall a hundred years sooner".[62]

The prison reformer John Howard visited Ely and described the conditions in The Gaol:- 'This gaol the property of the bishop, who is lord of the franchise of the Isle of Ely, was in part rebuilt by the late bishop about ten years ago; upon complaint of the cruel method* which for want of a safe gaol, the Keeper took to secure his prisoners (*This was by chaining them down upon their backs on a floor, across which were several iron bars and iron collar with spikes about their neck). The gaoler John Allday did not receive a salary'. He records that the number of debtors outnumbered the number of felons in the prison.[63]

On his way to a Midlands tour, John Byng visited Ely on 5 July 1790 staying at the Lamb Inn.[64] In his diary[vi] he writes that "the town [Ely] is mean, to the extreme ... those withdrawn, their dependancies must decay".[65] Recording in his Rural Rides on 25 March 1830, William Cobbett reports that "Ely is what one may call a miserable little town: very prettily situated, but poor and mean. Everything seems to be on the decline, as, indeed, is the case everywhere, where the clergy are the masters".[66]

The Ely and Littleport riots occurred between 22 and 24 May 1816. At the Special Commission assizes, held at Ely between 17 and 22 June 1816, twenty-four rioters were condemned. Nineteen had their sentences variously commuted from penal transportation for life to twelve-months imprisonment; the remaining five were executed on 28 June 1816.[67] An outbreak of cholera isolated Ely in 1832.[68]

Victorian and twentieth-century regeneration edit

 
The Market Place, Ely, pencil and watercolour by W. W. Collins[69] published 1908[70] showing northeast aspect of Ely Cathedral in the background with the Almonry[71]—now a restaurant and art gallery[72]—in front of that and the 1847 corn exchange building,[39] now demolished, to the right of the picture.

Ely Cathedral was "the first great cathedral to be thoroughly restored".[73] Work commenced in 1845 and was completed nearly thirty years later; most of the work was "sympathetically" carried out by the architect George Gilbert Scott.[74] The only pavement labyrinth to be found in an English cathedral was installed below the west tower in 1870.[75][76]

For over 800 years the cathedral and its associated buildings—built on an elevation 68 feet (21 m) above the nearby fens—have visually influenced the city and its surrounding area. Geographer John Jones, writing in 1924, reports that "from the roof of King's Chapel in Cambridge, on a clear day, Ely [cathedral] can be seen on the horizon, 16 miles (26 km) distant, an expression of the flatness of the fens".[77] In 1954, architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner wrote "as one approaches Ely on foot or on a bicycle, or perhaps in an open car, the cathedral dominates the picture for miles around ... and offers from everywhere an outline different from that of any other English cathedral".[78] Local historian Pamela Blakeman reports a claim that "Grouped around [the cathedral] ... is the largest collection of medieval buildings still in daily use in this country".[79]

Liberty of Ely edit

The abbey at Ely was one of many which were refounded in the Benedictine reforms of King Edgar the Peaceful (943–975).[80] The "special and peculiarly ancient"[81] honour and freedoms given to Ely by charter at that time[82] may have been intended to award only fiscal privilege,[83] but have been interpreted to confer on subsequent bishops the authority and power of a ruler.[84] These rights were reconfirmed in charters granted by Edward the Confessor and in William the Conqueror's confirmation of the old English liberty at Kenford.[84] The Isle of Ely was mentioned in some statutes[vii] as a county palatine;[viii] this provided an explanation of the bishop's royal privileges and judicial authority, which would normally belong to the sovereign; but legal authorities such as Sir Edward Coke did not completely endorse the form of words.[86] These bishop's rights were not fully extinguished until 1837.[87]

City status edit

See also: City status in the United Kingdom and List of smallest cities in the United Kingdom
 
OpenMap of Ely demonstrating city boundary and environs.
  City/parish boundary
  Built-up area
  Countryside
  Greenfield land

As the seat of a diocese, Ely has long been considered a city, holding the status by ancient prescriptive right: the caption to John Speed's 1610 plan of Ely[49] reads "Although this Citie of Ely", and Aikin refers to Ely as a city in 1800.[88] When Ely was given a Local Board of Health by Queen Victoria in 1850, the order creating the board said it was to cover the "city of Ely".[89] The local board which governed the city from 1850 to 1894 called itself "City of Ely Local Board", and the urban district council which replaced it and governed the city from 1894 to 1974 similarly called itself "City of Ely Urban District Council".[90][91]

Ely's city status was not explicitly confirmed, however, until 1 April 1974 when Queen Elizabeth II granted letters patent, to its civil parish.[92] Ely's population of 20,256 (as recorded in 2011)[93] classifies it as one of the smallest cities in England;[94][95] although the population has increased noticeably since 1991 when it was recorded at 11,291. Its urban area brings Ely into the top ten of smallest sized cities (1.84 sq mi—4.77 km2), but by city council area it is much larger in coverage (22.86 sq mi—59.21 km2) than many others.

Governance edit

Parliamentary edit

For elections to the UK Parliament, Ely is part of the South East Cambridgeshire constituency.[96]

Local government edit

 
Sessions House (formerly Shire Hall), Lynn Road: Courthouse, built 1821. Since 2013 the headquarters of City of Ely Council.

There are three tiers of local government covering Ely, at parish (city), district, and county level: City of Ely Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, and Cambridgeshire County Council.

Regular elections take place to the City of Ely Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council and Cambridgeshire County Council. The civil parish is divided into four wards called Ely North, Ely South, Ely East and Ely West. Fourteen councillors are elected to the parish council. The East Cambridgeshire District Council is also based in Ely.[97] For elections to the East Cambridgeshire District Council the four wards of Ely South, Ely East and Ely West each return two district councillors; and Ely North returns three.[98] For elections to the Cambridgeshire County Council the city returns two councillors. [99]

Administrative history edit

Main article: Ely Urban District

The city was governed by a local board from 1850 until 1894, when it became the City of Ely Urban District Council, which then operated from 1894 to 1974. The Isle of Ely County Council governed the Isle of Ely administrative county that surrounding and included the city from 1889 to 1965. In 1965 there was a reform of local government that merged the county council with that of Cambridgeshire to form the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely County Council. In 1974 as part of a national reform of local government, the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely County Council merged with the Huntingdon and Peterborough County Council to form the Cambridgeshire County Council.[100] The City of Ely Urban District Council became the City of Ely Council, a parish council which covers the same area but with fewer powers, and the East Cambridgeshire District Council which covers a wider area.

Geography edit

See also: The Fens

Geology and topography edit

 
A 1648 drainage map showing the Isle of Ely still surrounded by water
Joan Blaeu (1648) Regiones Inundatae

The west of Cambridgeshire is made up of limestones from the Jurassic period, whilst the east Cambridgeshire area consists of Cretaceous (upper Mesozoic) chalks known locally as clunch.[101] In between these two major formations, the high ground forming the Isle of Ely is from a lower division Cretaceous system known as Lower Greensand which is capped by Boulder Clay; all local settlements, such as Stretham and Littleport, are on similar islands. These islands rise above the surrounding flat land which forms the largest plain of Britain[ix] from the Jurassic system of partly consolidated clays or muds.[28] Kimmeridge Clay beds dipping gently west underlie the Lower Greensand of the area exposed, for example, about one mile (2 km) south of Ely in the Roswell Pits.[103] The Lower Greensand is partly capped by glacial deposits forming the highest point in East Cambridgeshire, rising to 85 feet (26 m) above sea level in Ely.[104]

The low-lying fens surrounding the island of Ely were formed, prior to the 17th century, by alternate fresh-water and sea-water incursions. Major rivers in the region, including the Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse, drain an area of some 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2)—five times larger than the fens—into the basin that forms the fens.[105] Defoe in 1774 described the Fens as "the sink of no less than thirteen Counties".[106] On 23 November of that year, Church of England cleric and Christian theologician John Wesley, wrote of his approach to Ely after visiting Norwich: "about eight, Wednesday, 23, Mr. Dancer met me with a chaise [carriage] and carried me to Ely. Oh, what want of common sense! Water covered the high road for a mile and a half. I asked, 'How must foot-people come to the town?' 'Why, they must wade through!'"[107] Peat formed in the fresh-water swamps and meres whilst silts were deposited by the slow-moving sea-water.[6] Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford, supported by Parliament, financed the draining of the fens during the 17th century, led by the Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden; the fens continue to be drained to this day.[108]

Climate edit

With an average annual rainfall of 24 inches (600 mm), Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in the British Isles. Protected from the cool onshore coastal breezes east of the region, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.[109] Regional weather forecasting and historical summaries are available from the UK Met Office.[110][111] The nearest Met Office weather station is Cambridge.[x] Additional local weather stations report periodic figures to the internet such as Weather Underground, Inc.[112]

Climate data for Cambridge University Botanic Garden,[a] elevation: 13 m (43 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1914–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		27.9
(82.2) 		31.1
(88.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		39.9
(103.8) 		36.9
(98.4) 		33.9
(93.0) 		29.0
(84.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		39.9
(103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.8
(46.0) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.6
(58.3) 		18.0
(64.4) 		20.8
(69.4) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		19.9
(67.8) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.1
(46.6) 		15.1
(59.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.2
(41.4) 		7.3
(45.1) 		9.7
(49.5) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		17.9
(64.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		5.0
(41.0) 		10.8
(51.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.1
(37.6) 		4.7
(40.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		7.4
(45.3) 		4.2
(39.6) 		1.9
(35.4) 		6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −16.1
(3.0) 		−17.2
(1.0) 		−11.7
(10.9) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		2.2
(36.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−15.6
(3.9) 		−17.2
(1.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47.2
(1.86) 		35.9
(1.41) 		32.2
(1.27) 		36.2
(1.43) 		43.9
(1.73) 		52.3
(2.06) 		53.2
(2.09) 		57.6
(2.27) 		49.3
(1.94) 		56.5
(2.22) 		54.4
(2.14) 		49.8
(1.96) 		568.4
(22.38)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.7 8.9 8.1 7.9 7.4 8.7 8.4 8.7 8.1 9.5 10.5 10.3 107.3
Source: ECA&D[113]
Climate data for Cambridge (NIAB)[b], elevation: 26 m (85 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.4
(59.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		26.9
(80.4) 		29.5
(85.1) 		33.5
(92.3) 		39.9
(103.8) 		36.1
(97.0) 		32.0
(89.6) 		29.3
(84.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		39.9
(103.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		14.1
(57.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.9
(73.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		15.1
(59.2) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		14.9
(58.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		7.0
(44.6) 		9.4
(48.9) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		5.1
(41.2) 		10.7
(51.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4) 		1.8
(35.2) 		3.1
(37.6) 		4.6
(40.3) 		7.4
(45.3) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.5
(40.1) 		2.2
(36.0) 		6.7
(44.1)
Record low °C (°F) −16.0
(3.2) 		−15.3
(4.5) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.8
(40.6) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−16.0
(3.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48.6
(1.91) 		35.7
(1.41) 		32.9
(1.30) 		37.6
(1.48) 		43.2
(1.70) 		49.1
(1.93) 		48.3
(1.90) 		55.9
(2.20) 		47.6
(1.87) 		58.7
(2.31) 		52.6
(2.07) 		49.2
(1.94) 		559.4
(22.02)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.4 8.7 8.1 8.0 7.3 8.7 8.4 9.0 8.0 9.6 10.4 10.5 107.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 57.2 77.8 118.4 157.2 182.7 182.5 190.0 181.3 144.0 110.3 67.6 53.7 1,522.7
Source 1: Met Office[114]
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather[115][116]

Demography edit

The Domesday survey of 1086 revealed 110 households[117] which were mainly rural.[118] In 1251, a survey showed an increase to 345 households[117] with the start of urban living although still largely rural.[118] By the 1416 survey there were 457 occupied premises in the city and many of the streets were arranged much as they are today.[118] See also the cartographer John Speed's plan of Ely, 1610.[49] In 1563 there were 800 households and by 1753 the population was recorded as 3,000.[117]

Historical population of Ely
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901
Population 3,948 4,249 5,079 6,189 6,849 7,632 7,982 8,166 8,171 8,017 7,803
Year 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 7,917 7,690 8,381 [xi] 9,988 9,803 9,966 10,392 11,291 15,102 20,256
Census: 1801–2001[1] 2011[93]

Economy edit

As an island surrounded by marshes and meres, the fishing of eels was important as both a food and an income for the abbot and his nearby tenants. For example, to the abbot of Ely in 1086, Stuntenei was worth 24,000 eels, Litelport 17,000 eels and even the small village of Liteltetford was worth 3,250 eels.[119] Prior to the extensive and largely successful drainage of the fens during the seventeenth century, Ely was a trade centre for goods made out of willow, reeds and rushes and wild fowling was a major local activity.[120] Peat in the form of "turf" was used as a fuel and in the form of "moor" as a building material.[xii] Ampthill Clay was dug from the local area for the maintenance of river banks and Kimmeridge Clay at Roswell Pits for the making of pottery wares.[122] In general, from a geological perspective, "The district is almost entirely agricultural and has always been so. The only mineral worked at the present time is gravel for aggregate, although chalk, brick clay (Ampthill and Kimmeridge clays), phosphate (from Woburn Sands, Gault and Cambridge Greensand), sand and gravel, and peat have been worked on a small scale in the past".[123]

Phosphate nodules, referred to locally as coprolites,[xiii] were dug in the area surrounding Ely between 1850 and 1890 for use as an agricultural fertiliser. This industry provided significant employment for the local labour force.[125] One of the largest sugar beet factories in England was opened in Queen Adelaide, two miles (3 km) from the centre of Ely, in 1925.[126] The factory closed in 1981, although sugar beet is still farmed locally.[127]

Pottery was made in Ely from the 12th century until 1860:[128] records show around 80 people who classed their trade as potters.[129] "Babylon ware" is the name given to pottery made in one area of Ely. This ware is thought to be so named because there were potters in an area cut off from the centre by the re-routing of the River Great Ouse around 1200; by the seventeenth century this area had become known as Babylon. Although the reason for the name is unclear, by 1850 it was in official use on maps. The building of the Ely to King's Lynn railway in 1847 cut the area off even further, and the inhabitants could only cross to Ely by boat.[130][131]

Culture edit

 
Eel Day carnival procession down Fore Hill, 2007

Annual events edit

Annual fairs have been held in Ely since the twelfth century.[132] Saint Audrey's (Etheldreda's) seven-day fair, held either side of 23 June, was first granted officially by Henry I to the abbot and convent on 10 October 1189.[40] At this fair, cheap necklaces, made from brightly coloured silk, were sold—these were called "tawdry lace".[133] "Tawdry", a corruption of "Saint Audrey", now means "pertaining to the nature of cheap and gaudy finery".[134] Two other fairs, the 15‑day festival of St Lambert, first granted in 1312 and the 22‑day fair beginning on the Vigil of the Ascension, first granted in 1318.[40] The festival of St Lambert had stopped by the eighteenth century. St Etheldreda's and the Vigil of the Ascension markets still continue, although the number of days have been considerably reduced and the dates have changed.[135]

Present-day annual events in Ely include Aquafest, which has been staged at the riverside by the Rotary Club on the first Sunday of July since 1978.[xiv][137] Other events include the Eel Day carnival procession[138] and the annual fireworks display in Ely Park, first staged in 1974.[139] The Ely Folk Festival has been held in the city since 1985.[140] The Ely Horticultural Society have been staging their Great Autumn Show since 1927.[141] In 2018 Ely hosted the 'Pride' festival, celebrating LGBT and diversity. At the inaugural festival 'For The Hornets' headlined and the cathedral flew the pride rainbow flag.[142]

Twin town edit

Since September 1956, Ely has been twinned with Ribe, Denmark's oldest town and part of the Municipality of Esbjerg; officials from Ribe first came to Ely in 1957. The golden anniversary of this twinning was celebrated in 2006.[143] Exchange visits occur roughly every two years.[144]

Museums and attractions edit

The city of Ely has several visitor attractions, including The Stained Glass Museum, the only museum dedicated to stained glass in the UK. [145] The Stained Glass Museum is located inside Ely Cathedral and has a collection of stained glass from the 13th century to the present day.[146] Ely Museum, housed in the old city gaol, is a local history museum which tells the story of Ely and the surrounding Fens from pre-historic times to the present day.[147] Oliver Cromwell's House is the former family home of Oliver Cromwell, and houses an exhibition about Cromwell and the English Civil War.

Local media edit

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East and ITV Anglia. The city receives its television signals from the Sandy Heath TV transmitter. [148]

Ely’s local radio stations are BBC Radio Cambridgeshire on 96.0 FM, Heart East on 103.0 FM and Star Radio on 107.1.

Local newspapers are the Ely Standard and Cambridge News.

Landmarks edit

 
This cannon was captured during the Crimean War at the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)[149] and was presented to the people of Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860. It is located on the Palace Green west of Ely Cathedral and northwest of the Bishop's Palace.[150]

War memorial edit

A cannon, captured during the Crimean War at the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) and given to Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860, is located on Palace Green, west of the cathedral.[149] The inscription reads "Russian cannon captured during the Crimean War presented to the people of Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860 to mark the creation of the Ely Rifle Volunteers".[150] The cannon was cast[xv] at the Alexandrovski factory in 1802, the factory's director being the Englishman, Charles Gascoigne. The serial number is 8726. The calibre is 30 pounds (14 kg) and the weight is 252 poods, or about 9,000 pounds (4,100 kg).[152] The cannon is mounted on an iron carriage which would previously have been mounted on a "heavy iron traversing slide" known as 'Systeme Venglov 1853'.[151][153] The Ely Rifle Volunteers, formed in 1860, became part of the Cambridgeshire Regiment during 1914–1918 then subsequently part of the Royal Anglian Regiment until disbanded in 1999.[154]

Notable buildings edit

See also: Listed buildings in Ely and Ely Cathedral

There are twenty three Grade I, six Grade II* and one hundred and fifty three Grade II listed buildings[155] in the city of Ely.[156]

Cherry Hill, to the south of Cathedral Park, is the remains of the Norman period, motte and bailey, Ely Castle.[157] The earliest written record of this 40-foot-high (12 m) by 250-foot-diameter (76 m) castle is in the time of Henry I.[39]

Two twelfth century hospitals, St Mary Magdalene founded 1172 and St John the Baptist founded c. 1200, were on the site of what is now a four-building farmstead in West End. Building dates are not known but the extant remains indicate c. 1175–85.[158][159] Bishop Northwold merged the two hospitals in 1240. The farmstead Grade I listed building status was graded on 23 September 1950 between four properties: St John's farmhouse,[160] a barn to the southwest (formerly chapel of St John),[161] a barn to the north (formerly chapel of St Mary)[162] and a dovecote.[163] Above the north doorway of the southwestern barn of St John's farmhouse is a carved Barnack stone which is built into the thirteenth century wall. The stone is thought to have been robbed from the Anglo-Saxon monastery of St Etheldreda.[xvi] This heavily weathered eighth-century stone shows a man blowing a horn whilst riding on an ox.[165][166]

John Alcock, Bishop of Ely and founder of Jesus College, Cambridge,[167] constructed the Bishop's Palace during his bishopric, between 1486 and 1500;[168] of the original fabric, only the east tower and the lower part of the west tower remain.[169] A "startlingly huge" London Plane tree, planted in 1680, still grows in the garden and is "said to be one of the largest in England".[170][171] Benjamin Lany, Bishop of Ely from 1667 until 1675, demolished much of Alcock's work and thus became responsible for most of the present-day building.[172] This Grade I listed building is southwest of and close to the west end of the cathedral, opposite the original village green, now named Palace Green.[173]

St Mary's Vicarage, better known locally as Cromwell's House, is a Grade II* listed building of mainly sixteenth-century plaster-frame construction although there exist some stone arches, c. 1380. A plaque on the front of the house records that this is "Cromwell House, the residence of Oliver Cromwell from 1636 to 1647 when collector of Ely Tithes".[35] Between 1843 and 1847 the house was the Cromwell Arms public house and it was restored in 1905 when it was given its "timbered appearance".[174] The house was opened as a re-creation of seventeenth-century living and a tourist information centre on 6 December 1990.[ii][175] The former Ely Gaol is a late seventeenth-century Grade II listed building[176] which since has been the Ely museum.[177] From the thirteenth century, buildings on this site have been; a private house, a tavern and—since 1836 when the Bishop transferred his thirteenth-century prison from Ely Porta—the Bishop's Gaol.[178] It was a registry office prior to becoming a museum.[176]

The Maltings is another of Ely's distinguishing buildings. Built in 1868 as part of Ebenezer William Harlock's brewery complex, the Maltings was used to process locally grown barley into Malt for brewing.[179] The Maltings is located on Ely's Waterside and has since left its brewing days behind. It is now a venue that hosts live events and entertainment as well as private functions such as weddings and business conferences.[180] The Maltings is also home to the Ely-Ribe Tapestry.[181] The Ely-Ribe Tapestry was commissioned in 2004 to mark the 50th Anniversary of the twinning of the two towns; Ely in Cambridgeshire England and Ribe in Jutland, Denmark.[182] The designer, Ullrich described the Tapestry as "a portrait of two different cities in two different countries".[183]

The Lamb Hotel is a Grade II listed building which is prominently situated on the corner of Lynn Road and High Street 100 yards (91 m) north of the west end of the cathedral.[184] The hotel was erected as a coaching house on the site of the previous Lamb Inn during 1828 and 1829. At that time it had stabling for 30 horses and a lock-up for two coaches.[185] In 1906 it had five bedrooms for the landlord, 15 rooms for lodgers, room for 15 horses and 12 vehicles. In 2007 it had 31 rooms for guests.[185] It is claimed that an inn has existed on the site since Bishop Fordham's survey between 1416 and 1417.[186] It is also claimed that an inn existed on the site in 1690, but no earlier.[187]

The city's courthouse was built in 1821, being known both as Shire Hall and Sessions House.[188][189] It ceased operation in 2011 as part of central government measures to close 93 magistrates' courts across England and Wales.[190] The building was subsequently acquired by City of Ely Council in 2013 to serve as their offices and meeting place.[191]

Notable sites edit

Further information: Ely Castle, Roswell Pits, and Chettisham Meadow

The former Kimmeridge Clay quarry Roswell Pits, one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Ely Cathedral, is now a nature reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).[192] The trees in Abbey Park were planted on Mount Hill in 1779 by James Bentham, a minor canon of Ely. Ely Castle once stood on Mount Hill, which was renamed Cherry Hill following the tree plantings by Bentham.[193][194][195] The Chettisham Meadow SSSI is a medieval ridge and furrow grassland about 0.6 miles (1 km) north of the city centre.[196] This site, one of the UK's best remaining examples of ridge and furrow agriculture, also contains protected species such as the Green-winged Orchid.[197]

Transport edit

 
Engraving[xvii] from The Illustrated London News of the station at Ely during the opening on 25 October 1847 of the Lynn and Ely Railway, now part of the Fen Line[198]

Rail edit

Main article: Railways in Ely

Ely railway station, on the Fen Line, is a major railway hub with the Cambridge to Ely section opening in 1845. Five major railway lines—excluding the former Ely and St Ives Railway—emanate from this hub: north to King's Lynn, northwest to Peterborough, east to Norwich, southeast to Ipswich and south to Cambridge and London.[199] At the opening of the 26+1⁄2-mile (42.6 km) Lynn and Ely railway "with great éclat"[198] on 25 October 1847, the Ely station building,[xviii] completed in 1847,[201] was described by The Illustrated London News as "an extensive pile[xix] in pleasing mixed Grecian and Italian style".[198] The former Ely and St Ives Railway, known locally as the Grunty Fen Express,[202] opened in 1865 but was never popular. In 1866, the 7+1⁄2-mile (12.1 km) return journey from Ely to Sutton-in-the-Isle cost two shillings,[203] which equates to a cost of almost £10[xx] in 2024.[204] The line closed to passengers in February 1931 and completely closed in 1964.[205] As of December 2016, train operating companies using Ely were: Great Northern, Greater Anglia, CrossCountry and East Midlands Railway with direct trains to Cambridge, London, most of East Anglia, the Midlands and the North. There are connecting services to many other parts of England and to Scotland.[206]

Road edit

A Roman road, named Akeman Street,[xxi] has been documented from Ermine Street near Wimpole through Cambridge, Stretham and Ely to Brancaster through Denver.[208] This is not the same road as the major Roman road named Akeman Street which started from Verulamium (southwest of St Albans) then via Tring and Aylesbury terminating near Alchester.[209] In Bishop John Fordham's survey of Ely in 1416–1417, an east to west Akermanstrete or Agemanstrete is mentioned, which now forms part of the east–west Egremont Street.[210] Akeman Street would have been oriented north-south passing through central Ely and therefore the east–west oriented Egremont Street cannot have a Roman origin.[211] It is suggested that the Wimpole to Brancaster road name of "Akeman" was derived by antiquarians, without justification, from Acemanes-ceastre, an ancient name for Bath.[212]

 
Turnpike marker 1852 showing southwest boundary of Ely

Medieval accountant, Clement of Thetford made, or had others make on his behalf, many journeys between 1291 and 1292, as evidenced by his sacrist's rolls—the earliest known roll of the Ely Monastery.[213] For example, he travelled the 25 miles (40 km)[xxii] to Bury (Bury St Edmunds) fair to obtain rice, sugar, etc., the 16 miles (26 km) to Barnwell for wheels, axles, etc. for carts, then the 51 miles (82 km) to St Botolph's (Boston) for wine, the 14 miles (23 km) to Reche (Reach) for steel and iron and the 78 miles (126 km) to London, principally for things needed in the vestry for the service of the Church, but also to pay taxes.[213] Some or parts of these journeys will have been made by river.[214]

The eighteenth-century historian Edmund Carter, in his 1753 History of the County of Cambridge &c., described a thrice-weekly coach journey "for the conveniency of sending and receiving letters and small parcels" from the Lamb Inn, Ely to the post-house, Cambridge.[215] In the 1760s, the Reverend James Bentham, an antiquarian and minor canon of Ely, encouraged the ecclesiastical authorities and townspeople of Ely to subscribe[xxiii] to a turnpike road between Ely and Cambridge; improvements which started in 1769.[217] The eighteenth century London to King's Lynn coach route, documented by the Postmaster General's surveyor, John Cary, passed through Ely with a stop at the Lamb Inn, a coaching inn in 1753[218] and extant as the Lamb Hotel.[219] Cary measured the distance of the London (Shoreditch) to Ely section as being 67 miles (108 km).[220] The A142 road from Newmarket to Chatteris passes east–west, south of the town.

Ely is on the north-south A10 road from London to King's Lynn; the southwestern bypass of the town was built in 1986.[221] A proposal for an Ely southeast bypass of the A142 is included in the major schemes of the Cambridgeshire Local Transport Plan. The proposed route would include 1.2 miles (1.9 km) of new road between new roundabout junctions on Stuntney Causeway and Angel Drove. The bypass is intended to reduce congestion in Ely, and to avoid the low bridge on the Ely to King's Lynn railway line, which has the third highest vehicle strike rate in the country.[222] Proposals for the bypass went to public consultation in October 2011 and the County Council and District Council have announced that they may fund some of the costs of construction (estimated to be up to £28 million)[223] with contributions from developers who wish to build a retail park near the proposed route.[224][225]

The bypass, completed at £13m over budget, opened on 31 October 2018.[226]

River edit

The local rivers were historically-important transport links, but are now mainly used for leisure. The Great Ouse provides a link to the sea at King's Lynn, and the River Cam flows from Cambridge to join the Great Ouse to the south of Ely. King Cnut arrived at Ely by boat for the Purification of St Mary; "When they were approaching land [at Ely], the king rose up in the middle of his men and directed the boatmen to make for the little port[xxiv] at full speed".[227] Archaeological excavations in the year 2000, between Broad Street and the present river, revealed artificially cut channels "at right-angles to the present river front" thus "evidently part of the medieval port of Ely".[228] In 1753, Carter reports that "for the conveniency of passengers, and heavy goods to and from Cambridge" a boat left Ely every Tuesday and Friday for Cambridge; the 20-mile (32 km) journey took six hours.[215]

Religious sites edit

Ely Cathedral edit

 
Northeast aspect of Ely Cathedral. The Lady Chapel, built between 1335 and 1353, is to the right of the image. Early 19th-century proof-print by John Buckler.[32]
Main article: Ely Cathedral
Further information: Diocese of Ely

The Anglican Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity is known as the Ship of the Fens,[229][230] a name inspired by the distant views of its towers, which dominate the low-lying wetlands known as "The Fens".[78] The diocese of Ely was created in 1108 out of the see of Lincoln, and a year later the bishopric of Ely was founded. Construction of the cathedral was begun by William the Conqueror in 1083, with it finally opening in 1189 after 116 years.[231] On 22 February 1322 it suffered the collapse of the crossing, which was rebuilt as an octagon.[232] The cathedral was completed in 1351. John Wesley wrote of his 22 November 1774 visit to Ely that "the cathedral, [is] one of the most beautiful I have seen. The western tower is exceedingly grand, and the nave of an amazing height".[107]

Ely is the nearest cathedral city to Cambridge, which lies within the same diocese. The Diocese of Ely covers 1,507 square miles (3,903 km2), 641,000 people (2011) and 335 churches. It includes the county of Cambridgeshire, except for much of Peterborough, and three parishes in the south which are in the diocese of Chelmsford. The Diocese of Ely also includes the western part of Norfolk, a few parishes in Peterborough and Essex, and one in Bedfordshire.[233]

Other churches edit

St Mary's Church, dedicated by Bishop Eustace,[170] is an early thirteenth-century building with a c. 1300 spire and tower with eight bells. The church was heavily restored starting in 1877.[234] The Roman Catholic Church of St. Etheldreda, in Egremont Street, dates from 1891.[235] The Methodist chapel, in Chapel Street, was built in 1818 and was restored in 1891.[236] The Salem Baptist chapel was erected in 1840.[235] The Church of St Peter-in-Ely on Broad Street was built in 1890; the architect was James Piers St Aubyn[39] and it contains a fine Ninian Comper rood screen. The Countess Free Church is part of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion.[237][238] From 1566 to 1938 the parish church for Holy Trinity was the Lady Chapel of Ely Cathedral.

Sport edit

See also: Fen skating

Ely City F.C. was established in 1885,[239] joined the Eastern Counties Football League in 1960, and have been members of the league's Premier Division since 2007.[239] In the 1997–1998 season, they reached the 3rd round of the FA Vase. Ely Tigers Rugby Club currently play in the London 3: Eastern Counties Division. A short lived greyhound racing track was opened in May 1933 at the Downham Road Stadium. The racing was independent of the National Greyhound Racing Club.[240][241]

The University of Cambridge rowing club has a boathouse on the bank of the river, and trains there for the annual Boat Race against the University of Oxford.[242] In 1944 and 2021, the Boat Race took place on a course on the Great Ouse on the outskirts of Ely, moved from the River Thames due to World War II and the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively.[243][244][245] The Isle of Ely Rowing Club was formed to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the former event.[246]

In 1973, Ely won the international Jeux Sans Frontières competition (known in Britain as It's a Knockout!), becoming the last British town to win the title outright.

Education edit

 
Ely Library

King's Ely is a coeducational boarding school which was granted a royal charter in 1541 by Henry VIII. King's Ely claims to have beginnings in the re-foundation of St Etheldreda's monastery in 970 by the Benedictine order. The wealthy sent their sons to such places to learn how to read and translate Latin texts. Edward the Confessor may[xxv] have been educated at Ely between c. 1005 and 1010. "The teaching of grammar continued in the cloisters [of Ely] and this tradition was the forerunner of the Cathedral Grammar School, today known as The King's School Ely".[248]

Needham's Charity School was founded in 1740 in Back Hill by Mrs Catherine Needham 'for the education, clothing and apprenticement of poor children'.[249] There were originally 24 free scholars aged 9 to 14 years of age.' After a period in St Mary's Street, Needham's School relocated to a new building in Downham Road adjacent to Ely High School in 1969. The original building on Back Hill is now part of King's Ely.

The National School for boys was located in Silver Street. There was a National School for Girls in Market Street. Both National Schools received bursaries from the Parson's Charity. The Broad Street School was erected in 1858.[249] In later years the Silver Street and Broad Street schools operated as St Mary's Junior School with one year group (Y5) in Broad Street.

The Ely High School for Girls opened in 1905 in St. Mary's Street, moving to the Downham Road site in 1957 on a large site which also housed St Audrey's Infant School which opened on 15 May 1953. In 1972 Ely High School closed when state secondary education in the area changed to the comprehensive model, the site becoming the City of Ely VIth Form College, part of Ely Community College which is currently Ely College.

In 1940 the Bishop's Palace was acquired by the Red Cross as a hospital and after the Second World War it became a school, known as The Palace School, for disabled children and young people.

Education in Ely, as of 2017, includes: King's Ely; Ely College; The Lantern Community Primary School; St Mary's CofE Junior School; Isle of Ely Primary School; St John's Community Primary School and Highfield Special Academy.[250]

Public services edit

Anglian Water supplies the city's water and sewerage services from their Ely Public Water Supply.[xxvi] The water quality was reported as excellent in 2011. In the same report, the hardness was reported as 292 mg/L. The nearest reservoir, Grafham Water, is 21 miles (34 km) west of the city.[251]

The distribution network operator for electricity is EDF Energy. The largest straw-burning power station in the world is at nearby Sutton. This renewable energy resource power station rated at 36.85 MW from burning biomass, nearly 25 percent of the total renewable energy reported for Cambridgeshire in 2009.[252]

East Cambridgeshire District Council is part of the Recycling in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough (RECAP) Partnership, which was granted Beacon status for waste and recycling in 2006–07.[253]

The Princess of Wales Hospital in the north of Ely was built during the Second World War by the Royal Air Force, and until 1993 it served nearby RAF stations including Marham, Feltwell, Lakenheath, and Mildenhall.[254] in 1987 Diana, Princess of Wales renamed the hospital, and it is now a community hospital operated by the Lifespan Healthcare NHS trust which treats 40,000 outpatients per year.[255] Acute cases are handled by four other hospitals in the region, including Addenbrooke's Hospital and Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, 20 miles (32 km) south of Ely.[256]

Notable people edit

 
Dawn by the River Great Ouse, Ely

The former RAF hospital based in Ely meant that many children of serving RAF parents were born in the city, including rugby union player and Rugby World Cup 2003 winning manager with England national rugby team, Clive Woodward,[257] Australian émigrée actor Guy Pearce,[258] and actors Sam Callis, Simon MacCorkindale and David Westhead.[259] Autogyro world record-holder Ken Wallis was also born in Ely. Other notable people from Ely include The Sisters of Mercy singer Andrew Eldritch,[260] journalist Chris Hunt[261] and Margaret Tebbit.[262] Crime writer Jim Kelly[263] and award-winning poet Wendy Cope.[264]

In popular culture edit

Children's book Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce is partly set in Ely and includes a scene in Ely Cathedral and scenes inspired by the author's father's own childhood experiences of skating along the frozen river from Cambridge to Ely in the frost of 1894–95.[265][266][267] The first series of Jim Kelly's crime novels, featuring journalist Philip Dryden, is largely set in the author's home town of Ely and in the Fens.[268] Graham Swift's 1983 novel Waterland takes place, and recounts several historical events, in and around the town of Ely.

The Tales of the Unexpected episode "The Flypaper" was filmed in Ely.

The album cover for Pink Floyd's The Division Bell was created by Storm Thorgerson with Ely as the background between two massive sculptures that he had erected outside the city.[269]

Freedom of the City edit

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Ely.

Individuals edit

  • Malcolm Fletcher, saxophonist with the Ely Military Band: 18 December 2017.[270]

Military units edit

See also edit

References edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Roswell Pits are also known as Roslyn Hole[4] and Roslyn Pit[5]
  2. ^ a b Plaque inside the building
  3. ^ Taken from Dorman 1986 p. 54[48] which originates from John Speed's plan of Ely on his 1610 Huntingdonshire map[49]
  4. ^ First published in 1586. In 1610, Philemon Holland translated the 1607 edition from the original Latin
  5. ^ Originally "Ipsa vero Elye urbs est non-exigua, nec sua sane vel elegentia vel frequentia praedicanda, utpote ob uliginosum situm, coelo parum salubri" which Google translates as "The city is no small for Elias, nor the frequency of his or elegentia or, indeed, be preached, for instance because of wet site, wholesome little heaven"[60]
  6. ^ According to Dorman[65]
  7. ^ For example in 33 Hen. 8. c. 10 and in the Writ De Excommunicato Capiendo Act 1562[85]
  8. ^ "Palatine". Oxford English Dictionary online. Oxford University Press. 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011. Originally: designating a county or other territory in England (and later other countries) as having a ruler with royal privileges and judicial authority (within the territory) which elsewhere belong to the sovereign alone (now hist.). Later: designating a modern administrative area corresponding to this. Usu. as postmodifier, esp. in county palatine.(subscription required)
  9. ^ "Largest ...", according to Miller and Skertchley (1878) "... by reason of its magnitude, its almost unbroken flatness, and its fertility".[102]
  10. ^ The UK Metrology Office weather station identifier for Cambridge is NIAB
  11. ^ There was no census in 1941 due to World War II
  12. ^ Turf is "Unweathered peat worked for fuel in 'turbaries'" and moor is "weathered peat unsuitable for fuel"[121]
  13. ^ The word coprolite is from the Greek kopros which means dung and lithos which means stone. The word was first coined in 1829 by Rev. William Buckland and is a misnomer as the nodules are fossilised bone[124]
  14. ^ "[The Aquafest has been held] annually since 1977"[136]
  15. ^ Chiselled into the ends of the trunnions of the gun is the "vital data"; the serial number, name of factory and director's name on one side, and the calibre, weight and date of manufacture on the other[151]
  16. ^ Cobbett writes "I do not claim that this stone formed part of Ethelreda's original monastery, and is of seventh century date, though this is just possible; but rather that it belonged to the monastery which she founded in 673 and was carried on by her royal sisters after her death".[164]
  17. ^ By kind permission of the Cambridgeshire Library Service
  18. ^ "The present temporary Station at Ely, having been found insufficient, orders were given last Tuesday, for extensive additional buildings" Ely Chronicle 10 January 1846[200]
  19. ^ OED pile, n. 2. a. "A large building or edifice, esp. a stately home"(subscription required)
  20. ^ Using RPI as described in Choosing the Best Indicator to Measure Relative Worth 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ Dorman calls it Akerman Street[207]
  22. ^ This distance and all following medieval road distances are calculated on contemporary roads using Google Maps
  23. ^ "An Act for repairing, widening, turning and keeping in Repair, the Road from the Town of Cambridge to Ely, and from thence to Soham; and for building a Bridge cross the River Ouze, at or near a Place called Stretham Ferry, in the County of Cambridge"[216]
  24. ^ Here Fairweather postulates that in the 10th century it may have been possible to "row considerably nearer to the monastery" than is possible today
  25. ^ Fairweather (2005) p. 191 note 418 "This detail about the upbringing of Edward is not attested anywhere else. See F. Barlow, Edward the Confessor (second edition, Newhaven and London 1997), pp. 28ff."[247]
  26. ^ zone FE33
  1. ^ Weather station is located 0.8 miles (1.3 km) from the Cambridge city centre.
  2. ^ Weather station is located 3 miles (4.8 km) from the Cambridge city centre.

Notes edit

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Bibliography edit

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  • Blakeman, Pamela (1990). The Book of Ely (Limited no. 589 ed.). Barracuda Books. ISBN 0-86023-466-5.
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  • Cessford, Craig; Alexander, Mary; Dickens, Alison (2006). "Between Broad Street and the Great Ouse: waterfront archaeology in Ely". East Anglian Archaeology. Cambridge Archaeology Unit. Report No. 114.
  • Cobbett, William (1912) [1853]. "Rural Rides". Nature. London: Dent. 130 (3275): 187–188. Bibcode:1932Natur.130..187S. doi:10.1038/130187a0. S2CID 8835768. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
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  • Darby, H. C. (1974) [1940]. The Medieval Fenland. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 978-1-107-61498-7.
  • Defoe, Daniel (1891) [1722]. A Tour Through the Eastern Counties of England, 1722. London, Paris, Melbourne: Cassell. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  • Dorman, B. E. (1986) [1945]. The Story of Ely (7 ed.). Norwich: Black Horse.
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  • Foxe, John (1838). Seymour, Michael Hobart (ed.). The Acts and Monuments of the Church; containing the history and sufferings of the martyrs. A new ed., revised, corrected, and condensed by M. H. Seymour. London: Scott, Webster and Geary.
  • Franklin, William (2018). The Hospital of St John and St Mary Magdalene in Ely and its successor, St John's Farm. Ely History Publications.
  • Gallois, R. W.; Cox, Beris M.; Ivimey-Cook, H. C.; Morter, A. A; Seale, R. S. (1988). Geology of the Country around Ely: Memoir for 1:50,000 Geological Sheet 173 (England and Wales). London:HMSO: British Geological Survey. ISBN 0-11-884395-8.
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  • Hampson, Ethel M.; Atkinson, T. D. (1953). "Chapter 2: City of Ely". In Pugh, Ralph B (ed.). A History of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely. The Victoria History of the Counties of England. Vol. IV. London: for The University of London Institute of Historical Research by the Oxford University Press. pp. 27–89.
  • Holton-Krayenbuhl, Anne, ed. (2011). The Topography of Medieval Ely. Vol. 20. Cambridge: Cambridgeshire Records Society. ISBN 978-0-904323-22-1.
  • Johnson, C. (1893). An Account of the Ely and Littleport Riots in 1816. Littleport: Harris & Sons. pp. 12–24, 65–66.
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  • Marr, J. E.; Thomas, H. D. (1967) [1938]. "Chapter 1: Geology". In Salzman, L. F. (ed.). A History of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely. The Victoria History of the Counties of England. Vol. I. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall for The University of London Institute of Historical Research. pp. 1–33.
  • Miller, Edward (1969) [1951]. The Abbey and Bishopric of Ely. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-07778-8.
  • Miller, Edward (1953). "Chapter 1: The Liberty of Ely". In Pugh, Ralph B. (ed.). A History of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely. The Victoria History of the Counties of England. Vol. IV. London: Oxford University Press for The University of London Institute of Historical Research. pp. 1–27.
  • Miller, Samuel H.; Skertchly, Sydney B. J. (1878). "The Fenland Past and Present: Chapter 1: Geographical sketch of the Fenland". Nature. London: Longmans & Green. 18 (463): 1–13. Bibcode:1878Natur..18..514J. doi:10.1038/018514a0. S2CID 4140649.
  • Mills, A. D. (2003). A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Oxford: OUP.
  • Oppitz, Leslie (1989). East Anglia Railways Remembered. Countryside Books. ISBN 1-85306-040-2.
  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1977) [1954]. The Buildings of England: Cambridgeshire (2nd ed.). Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071010-8.
  • Reaney, P. H. (1943). "The place-names of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely". Nature. Cambridge: English Place-name Society. XIX (3849): 99–105. Bibcode:1943Natur.152..145B. doi:10.1038/152145a0. S2CID 38497274. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  • Skeat, W. W. (1901). The Place-Names of Cambridgeshire. Cambridge: Cambridge Antiquarian Society.
  • Skertchly, S. B. J. (1877). Geology of the Fenland. London: HM Stationery Office.
  • Stewart, D. J. (1868). On the Architectural History of Ely Cathedral. London: John van Voorst.
  • Summers, Dorothy (1976). The Great Level: A History of Drainage and Land Reclamation in the Fens. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7041-3.
  • Turner, Lynne (2003). In the Shadow of the Cathedral: A History of the King's School, Ely. Cambridge: Book Production Consultants. ISBN 0-9545799-0-9.
  • Watts, V. (2004). The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names. Cambridge: CUP.

Further reading edit

  • Bentham, James (1817), The History and Antiquities of the Conventual & Cathedral Church of Ely: from the Foundation of the Monastery A. D. 673 to the Year 1771. Supplement: Comprising enlarged accounts of the monastery, Lady Chapel, Prior Crawden's Chapel, the places and other buildings connected with the ..., vol. III, Stevenson

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ely, Cambridgeshire.
  •   Ely travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • Historical documents relating to Ely, including Church of England parish registers, court records, maps and photographs, are held by Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies at the County Record Office in Cambridge.
  • "Ely" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 301.
  • Spotted in Ely – the biggest Social Media project for Ely
  • Ely Online – the longest-established website about Ely which has been online since 1996.

January 19, 2024
cambridgeshire, other, uses, disambiguation, cathedral, city, civil, parish, east, cambridgeshire, district, cambridgeshire, england, about, miles, north, northeast, cambridge, miles, from, london, elyely, cathedral, from, south, eastelylocation, within, cambr. For other uses see Ely disambiguation Ely ˈ iː l i EE lee is a cathedral city and civil parish in the East Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire England about 14 miles 23 km north northeast of Cambridge and 80 miles 130 km from London ElyEly Cathedral from the south eastElyLocation within CambridgeshireArea69 sq mi 180 km2 1 Population20 112 Density291 sq mi 112 km2 Civil parishElyDistrictEast CambridgeshireShire countyCambridgeshireRegionEastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townELYPostcode districtCB6 CB7Dialling code01353PoliceCambridgeshireFireCambridgeshireAmbulanceEast of EnglandUK ParliamentSouth East CambridgeshireWebsiteVisit ElyList of places UK England Cambridgeshire 52 23 53 N 00 15 44 E 52 39806 N 0 26222 E 52 39806 0 26222Ely is built on a 23 square mile 60 km2 Kimmeridge Clay island which at 85 feet 26 m is the highest land in the Fens It was due to this topography that Ely was not waterlogged like the surrounding Fenland and was an island separated from the mainland 2 Major rivers including the Witham Welland Nene and Great Ouse feed into the Fens and until draining commenced in the eighteenth century formed freshwater marshes and meres within which peat was laid down Once the Fens were drained this peat created a rich and fertile soil ideal for farming The River Great Ouse was a significant means of transport until the Fens were drained and Ely ceased to be an island in the seventeenth century 3 The river is now a popular boating spot and has a large marina Although now surrounded by land the city is still known as The Isle of Ely There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the city a former Kimmeridge Clay quarry and one of the United Kingdom s best remaining examples of medieval ridge and furrow agriculture The economy of the region is mainly agricultural Before the Fens were drained eel fishing was an important activity from which the settlement s name may have been derived Other important activities included wildfowling peat extraction and the harvesting of osier willow and sedge rush The city had been the centre of local pottery production for more than 700 years including pottery known as Babylon ware A Roman road Akeman Street passes through the city the southern end is at Ermine Street near Wimpole and its northern end is at Brancaster Little direct evidence of Roman occupation in Ely exists although there are nearby Roman settlements such as those at Little Thetford and Stretham A coach route known to have existed in 1753 between Ely and Cambridge was improved in 1769 as a turnpike toll road The present day A10 closely follows this route Ely railway station built in 1845 is on the Fen Line and is now a railway hub with lines north to King s Lynn northwest to Peterborough east to Norwich southeast to Ipswich and south to Cambridge and London Henry II granted the first annual fair Saint Etheldreda s or Saint Audrey s seven day event to the abbot and convent on 10 October 1189 The word tawdry originates from cheap lace sold at this fair A weekly market has taken place in Ely Market Square since at least the 13th century Markets are now held on Thursdays Saturdays and Sundays with a farmers market on the 2nd and 4th Saturdays of each month Present day annual events include the Eel Festival in May established in 2004 and a fireworks display in Ely Park first staged in 1974 The city of Ely has been twinned with Denmark s oldest town Ribe since 1956 Ely City Football Club was formed in 1885 Contents 1 History 1 1 Pre history 1 2 Name 1 3 Medieval period 1 4 Protestant martyrs 1 5 Oliver Cromwell 1 6 Post medieval decline 1 7 Victorian and twentieth century regeneration 1 8 Liberty of Ely 2 City status 3 Governance 3 1 Parliamentary 3 2 Local government 3 3 Administrative history 4 Geography 4 1 Geology and topography 4 2 Climate 5 Demography 6 Economy 7 Culture 7 1 Annual events 7 2 Twin town 7 3 Museums and attractions 7 4 Local media 8 Landmarks 8 1 War memorial 8 2 Notable buildings 8 3 Notable sites 9 Transport 9 1 Rail 9 2 Road 9 3 River 10 Religious sites 10 1 Ely Cathedral 10 2 Other churches 11 Sport 12 Education 13 Public services 14 Notable people 15 In popular culture 16 Freedom of the City 16 1 Individuals 16 2 Military units 17 See also 18 References 18 1 Footnotes 18 2 Notes 18 3 Bibliography 18 4 Further reading 19 External linksHistory edit nbsp 1880 map of the Isle of Ely with nearby riversPre history edit Roswell Pits i are a palaeontologically significant Site of Special Scientific Interest SSSI one mile 1 6 km northeast of the city The Jurassic Kimmeridge Clays were quarried in the 19th and 20th centuries for the production of pottery and for maintenance of river embankments Many specimens of ammonites belemnites and bivalves were found during quarrying in addition to an almost complete specimen of a pliosaur 6 There is some scattered evidence of Late Mesolithic 7 to Bronze Age 8 activity in Ely such as Neolithic flint tools 9 a Bronze Age axe 10 and spearhead 11 There is slightly denser Iron Age and Roman activity with some evidence of at least seasonal occupation For example a possible farmstead of the late Iron Age to early Roman period was discovered at West Fen Road 12 and some Roman pottery was found close to the east end of the cathedral on The Paddock 13 There was a Roman settlement including a tile kiln built over an earlier Iron Age settlement in Little Thetford three miles 5 km to the south 14 Name edit The origin and meaning of Ely s name have always been regarded as obscure by place name scholars and are still disputed The earliest record of the name is in the Latin text of Bede s Ecclesiastical History of the English People where he wrote Elge 15 This is apparently not a Latin name and subsequent Latin texts nearly all used the forms Elia 16 Eli or Heli with inorganic H In Old English charters and in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle the spelling is usually Elig 17 Skeat derived the name Ely from what he called O ld Northumbrian elġe meaning district of eels 18 This uses a hypothetical word ġe which is not recorded in isolation but thought by some to be related to the modern German word Gau meaning district The theory is that the name then developed a vowel to become eliġe and was afterwards re interpreted to mean Eel Island This essentially is the explanation accepted by Reaney 19 Ekwall 20 Mills 21 and Watts 22 But difficulties remain Bailey in his discussion of ġe names has pointed out that Ely would be anomalous if really from elġe eel district being remote from the areas where possible examples of ġe names occur and moreover there is no parallel for the use of a fish name in compounds with ġe More seriously the usual English spelling remains Elig even in the dative case used after many prepositions where Elige would be expected if the second element were iġ island This is in conflict with all the other island names which surround Ely 23 Problems also remain as pointed out by historian Mac Dowdy as the word eel or similar did not exist at the time of the founding of Ely dubious discuss and they were instead referred to as aguilla or anguilles until the 1300s Mac proposes that instead the city gets its name from the word Elysium later shortened to Ely This is believed as Etheldreda s chamberlain Ovin described it as an ancient place of great spiritual importance to the people of the region a paradise This was later changed as Wilfrid s chronicler used the Latin term for Paradise Elysium 24 Another option discussed by Miller in Fenland Notes and Queries is that the name is an old Celtic name deriving either from the Brythonic helig modern Welsh helyg meaning willows or heli meaning salt water Miller construes the name as meaning the singular and thinks it odd a place so abounding in the trees would be called a willow 25 Medieval period edit See also Lands and Liberties of the Church at Ely The city s origins lay in the foundation of an abbey in 673 26 27 one mile 1 6 km to the north of the village of Cratendune on the Isle of Ely under the protection of Saint Etheldreda daughter of King Anna St Etheldreda also known as AEthelthryth was a queen founder and abbess of Ely She built a monastery in 673 AD on the site of what is now Ely Cathedral 1 This first abbey was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders 28 and rededicated to Etheldreda in 970 by Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester 29 The abbots of Ely then accumulated such wealth in the region that in the Domesday survey 1086 it was the second richest monastery in England 30 The first Norman bishop Simeon started building the cathedral in 1083 31 The octagon was rebuilt by sacrist Alan of Walsingham between 1322 and 1328 after the collapse of the original nave crossing on 22 February 1322 32 Ely s octagon is considered one of the wonders of the medieval world 33 Architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner believes the octagon is a delight from beginning to end for anyone who feels for space as strongly as for construction and is the greatest individual achievement of architectural genius at Ely Cathedral 34 This gave the cathedral its distinctive shape earning it the moniker The Ship of the Fens 2 Building continued until the dissolution of the abbey in 1539 during the Reformation The cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect George Gilbert Scott As the seat of a diocese Ely has long been considered a city in 1974 city status was granted by royal charter nbsp East aspect of St Mary s vicarage a Grade II listed building 35 Oliver Cromwell lived here between 1638 and 1646 36 Since 1990 the building has been open as the Oliver Cromwell s House tourist attraction and as Ely s tourist information centre 37 ii Cherry Hill is the site of Ely Castle which is of Norman construction and is a United Kingdom scheduled monument 38 Of similar construction to Cambridge Castle the 250 foot 76 m diameter 40 feet 12 m high citadel type motte and bailey is thought to be a royal defence built by William the Conqueror following submission of the Isle from rebels such as the Earl Morcar and the folk hero Hereward the Wake 39 This would date the first building of the castle to c 1070 38 Henry III of England granted a market to the Bishop of Ely using letters close on 9 April 1224 40 although Ely had been a trading centre prior to this 41 Present weekly market days are Thursday and Saturday and seasonal markets are held monthly on Sundays and Bank Holiday Mondays from Easter to November Protestant martyrs edit Following the accession of Mary I of England to the throne in 1553 the papacy made its first effective efforts to enforce the Pope Paul III initiated Catholic reforms in England 42 During this time which became known as the Marian Persecutions two men from Wisbech constable William Wolsey and painter Robert Pygot were accused of not believing that the body and blood of Christ were present in the bread and wine of the sacrament of mass 43 For this Christian heresy they were condemned by the bishop s chancellor John Fuller 44 on 9 October 1555 45 On 16 October 1555 they were burnt at the stake probably on the Palace Green in front of Ely Cathedral 43 In The Book of Ely published in 1990 Blakeman writes that permission was not given for a memorial to the martyrs to be placed on Palace Green 43 In 2011 a plaque recording this martyrdom event was erected on the northeast corner of Palace Green by the City of Ely Perspective The plaque is located 2 inches from the pavement floor in an obscure easily missed corner 46 Oliver Cromwell edit nbsp Earliest known map of Ely 47 by John Speed 1610 iii The cathedral is dedicated to St Peter at this time and a windmill 38 is shown on Mount Hill where the post conquest motte and bailey Ely Castle once stood In the 18th century the Reverend James Bentham planted trees on Mount Hill which was named Cherry Hill at least since 1821 50 Oliver Cromwell lived in Ely from 1636 to 1646 after inheriting St Mary s vicarage a sixteenth century property now known as Oliver Cromwell s House from his mother s brother Sir Thomas Steward 51 It is possible to visit this house today 52 During this time Cromwell was a tax collector though was also one of the governors of Thomas Parsons Charity 36 which dates back to 1445 53 and was granted a Royal Charter by Charles I of England 54 The Charity still provides grants and housing to deserving local applicants 55 There was a form of early workhouse in 1687 perhaps at St Mary s which may have been part of an arrangement made between the Ely people and a Nicholas Wythers of Norwich in 1675 56 He was paid 30 per annum to employ the poor to spin jersey and was to pay them in money not goods 57 A purpose built workhouse was erected in 1725 for 35 inmates on what is now St Mary s Court Four other workhouses existed including Holy Trinity on Fore Hill for 80 inmates 1738 1956 and the Ely Union workhouse built in 1837 which housed up to 300 inmates The latter became Tower Hospital in 1948 and is now a residential building Tower Court Two other former workhouses were the Haven Quayside for unmarried mothers and another on the site of what is now the Hereward Hall in Silver Street 58 Post medieval decline edit The diaries of writers and journalists such as William Camden Celia Fiennes Daniel Defoe John Byng and William Cobbett illustrate the decline of Ely after the 14th century plague and the 16th century reformation which led to the dissolution of the monastery in 1539 59 In the 1607 edition of Britannia iv chorographic surveyor William Camden records that as for Ely it selfe it is no small Citie or greatly to be counted off either for beauty or frequency and resort as having an unwholsome aire by reason of the fens round about v In 1698 Celia Fiennes was writing the Bishop Simon Patrick does not Care to stay long in this place not being for his health they have lost their Charter and its a shame the Bishop does not see it better ordered and ye buildings and streetes put in a better Condition They are a slothful people and for little but ye takeing Care of their Grounds and Cattle wch is of vast advantage 61 Daniel Defoe when writing in the Eastern Counties section of A tour thro the whole island of Great Britain 1722 went to Ely whose cathedral standing in a level flat country is seen far and wide that some of it is so antient totters so much with every gust of wind looks so like a decay and seems so near it that when ever it does fall all that tis likely will be thought strange in it will be that it did not fall a hundred years sooner 62 The prison reformer John Howard visited Ely and described the conditions in The Gaol This gaol the property of the bishop who is lord of the franchise of the Isle of Ely was in part rebuilt by the late bishop about ten years ago upon complaint of the cruel method which for want of a safe gaol the Keeper took to secure his prisoners This was by chaining them down upon their backs on a floor across which were several iron bars and iron collar with spikes about their neck The gaoler John Allday did not receive a salary He records that the number of debtors outnumbered the number of felons in the prison 63 On his way to a Midlands tour John Byng visited Ely on 5 July 1790 staying at the Lamb Inn 64 In his diary vi he writes that the town Ely is mean to the extreme those withdrawn their dependancies must decay 65 Recording in his Rural Rides on 25 March 1830 William Cobbett reports that Ely is what one may call a miserable little town very prettily situated but poor and mean Everything seems to be on the decline as indeed is the case everywhere where the clergy are the masters 66 The Ely and Littleport riots occurred between 22 and 24 May 1816 At the Special Commission assizes held at Ely between 17 and 22 June 1816 twenty four rioters were condemned Nineteen had their sentences variously commuted from penal transportation for life to twelve months imprisonment the remaining five were executed on 28 June 1816 67 An outbreak of cholera isolated Ely in 1832 68 Victorian and twentieth century regeneration edit nbsp The Market Place Ely pencil and watercolour by W W Collins 69 published 1908 70 showing northeast aspect of Ely Cathedral in the background with the Almonry 71 now a restaurant and art gallery 72 in front of that and the 1847 corn exchange building 39 now demolished to the right of the picture Ely Cathedral was the first great cathedral to be thoroughly restored 73 Work commenced in 1845 and was completed nearly thirty years later most of the work was sympathetically carried out by the architect George Gilbert Scott 74 The only pavement labyrinth to be found in an English cathedral was installed below the west tower in 1870 75 76 For over 800 years the cathedral and its associated buildings built on an elevation 68 feet 21 m above the nearby fens have visually influenced the city and its surrounding area Geographer John Jones writing in 1924 reports that from the roof of King s Chapel in Cambridge on a clear day Ely cathedral can be seen on the horizon 16 miles 26 km distant an expression of the flatness of the fens 77 In 1954 architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner wrote as one approaches Ely on foot or on a bicycle or perhaps in an open car the cathedral dominates the picture for miles around and offers from everywhere an outline different from that of any other English cathedral 78 Local historian Pamela Blakeman reports a claim that Grouped around the cathedral is the largest collection of medieval buildings still in daily use in this country 79 Liberty of Ely edit The abbey at Ely was one of many which were refounded in the Benedictine reforms of King Edgar the Peaceful 943 975 80 The special and peculiarly ancient 81 honour and freedoms given to Ely by charter at that time 82 may have been intended to award only fiscal privilege 83 but have been interpreted to confer on subsequent bishops the authority and power of a ruler 84 These rights were reconfirmed in charters granted by Edward the Confessor and in William the Conqueror s confirmation of the old English liberty at Kenford 84 The Isle of Ely was mentioned in some statutes vii as a county palatine viii this provided an explanation of the bishop s royal privileges and judicial authority which would normally belong to the sovereign but legal authorities such as Sir Edward Coke did not completely endorse the form of words 86 These bishop s rights were not fully extinguished until 1837 87 City status editSee also City status in the United Kingdom and List of smallest cities in the United Kingdom nbsp OpenMap of Ely demonstrating city boundary and environs City parish boundary Built up area Countryside Greenfield landAs the seat of a diocese Ely has long been considered a city holding the status by ancient prescriptive right the caption to John Speed s 1610 plan of Ely 49 reads Although this Citie of Ely and Aikin refers to Ely as a city in 1800 88 When Ely was given a Local Board of Health by Queen Victoria in 1850 the order creating the board said it was to cover the city of Ely 89 The local board which governed the city from 1850 to 1894 called itself City of Ely Local Board and the urban district council which replaced it and governed the city from 1894 to 1974 similarly called itself City of Ely Urban District Council 90 91 Ely s city status was not explicitly confirmed however until 1 April 1974 when Queen Elizabeth II granted letters patent to its civil parish 92 Ely s population of 20 256 as recorded in 2011 93 classifies it as one of the smallest cities in England 94 95 although the population has increased noticeably since 1991 when it was recorded at 11 291 Its urban area brings Ely into the top ten of smallest sized cities 1 84 sq mi 4 77 km2 but by city council area it is much larger in coverage 22 86 sq mi 59 21 km2 than many others Governance editParliamentary edit For elections to the UK Parliament Ely is part of the South East Cambridgeshire constituency 96 Local government edit nbsp Sessions House formerly Shire Hall Lynn Road Courthouse built 1821 Since 2013 the headquarters of City of Ely Council There are three tiers of local government covering Ely at parish city district and county level City of Ely Council East Cambridgeshire District Council and Cambridgeshire County Council Regular elections take place to the City of Ely Council East Cambridgeshire District Council and Cambridgeshire County Council The civil parish is divided into four wards called Ely North Ely South Ely East and Ely West Fourteen councillors are elected to the parish council The East Cambridgeshire District Council is also based in Ely 97 For elections to the East Cambridgeshire District Council the four wards of Ely South Ely East and Ely West each return two district councillors and Ely North returns three 98 For elections to the Cambridgeshire County Council the city returns two councillors 99 Administrative history edit Main article Ely Urban District The city was governed by a local board from 1850 until 1894 when it became the City of Ely Urban District Council which then operated from 1894 to 1974 The Isle of Ely County Council governed the Isle of Ely administrative county that surrounding and included the city from 1889 to 1965 In 1965 there was a reform of local government that merged the county council with that of Cambridgeshire to form the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely County Council In 1974 as part of a national reform of local government the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely County Council merged with the Huntingdon and Peterborough County Council to form the Cambridgeshire County Council 100 The City of Ely Urban District Council became the City of Ely Council a parish council which covers the same area but with fewer powers and the East Cambridgeshire District Council which covers a wider area Geography editSee also The Fens Geology and topography edit nbsp A 1648 drainage map showing the Isle of Ely still surrounded by waterJoan Blaeu 1648 Regiones InundataeThe west of Cambridgeshire is made up of limestones from the Jurassic period whilst the east Cambridgeshire area consists of Cretaceous upper Mesozoic chalks known locally as clunch 101 In between these two major formations the high ground forming the Isle of Ely is from a lower division Cretaceous system known as Lower Greensand which is capped by Boulder Clay all local settlements such as Stretham and Littleport are on similar islands These islands rise above the surrounding flat land which forms the largest plain of Britain ix from the Jurassic system of partly consolidated clays or muds 28 Kimmeridge Clay beds dipping gently west underlie the Lower Greensand of the area exposed for example about one mile 2 km south of Ely in the Roswell Pits 103 The Lower Greensand is partly capped by glacial deposits forming the highest point in East Cambridgeshire rising to 85 feet 26 m above sea level in Ely 104 The low lying fens surrounding the island of Ely were formed prior to the 17th century by alternate fresh water and sea water incursions Major rivers in the region including the Witham Welland Nene and Great Ouse drain an area of some 6 000 square miles 16 000 km2 five times larger than the fens into the basin that forms the fens 105 Defoe in 1774 described the Fens as the sink of no less than thirteen Counties 106 On 23 November of that year Church of England cleric and Christian theologician John Wesley wrote of his approach to Ely after visiting Norwich about eight Wednesday 23 Mr Dancer met me with a chaise carriage and carried me to Ely Oh what want of common sense Water covered the high road for a mile and a half I asked How must foot people come to the town Why they must wade through 107 Peat formed in the fresh water swamps and meres whilst silts were deposited by the slow moving sea water 6 Francis Russell Earl of Bedford supported by Parliament financed the draining of the fens during the 17th century led by the Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden the fens continue to be drained to this day 108 Climate edit With an average annual rainfall of 24 inches 600 mm Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in the British Isles Protected from the cool onshore coastal breezes east of the region Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter 109 Regional weather forecasting and historical summaries are available from the UK Met Office 110 111 The nearest Met Office weather station is Cambridge x Additional local weather stations report periodic figures to the internet such as Weather Underground Inc 112 vteClimate data for Cambridge University Botanic Garden a elevation 13 m 43 ft 1991 2020 normals extremes 1914 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 7 60 3 18 8 65 8 23 9 75 0 27 9 82 2 31 1 88 0 35 0 95 0 39 9 103 8 36 9 98 4 33 9 93 0 29 0 84 2 21 1 70 0 16 0 60 8 39 9 103 8 Mean daily maximum C F 7 8 46 0 8 6 47 5 11 5 52 7 14 6 58 3 18 0 64 4 20 8 69 4 23 3 73 9 22 9 73 2 19 9 67 8 15 3 59 5 10 9 51 6 8 1 46 6 15 1 59 2 Daily mean C F 4 8 40 6 5 2 41 4 7 3 45 1 9 7 49 5 12 8 55 0 15 6 60 1 17 9 64 2 17 7 63 9 15 0 59 0 11 4 52 5 7 5 45 5 5 0 41 0 10 8 51 4 Mean daily minimum C F 1 7 35 1 1 7 35 1 3 1 37 6 4 7 40 5 7 5 45 5 10 5 50 9 12 6 54 7 12 5 54 5 10 2 50 4 7 4 45 3 4 2 39 6 1 9 35 4 6 5 43 7 Record low C F 16 1 3 0 17 2 1 0 11 7 10 9 6 1 21 0 4 4 24 1 0 6 30 9 2 2 36 0 3 3 37 9 2 2 28 0 6 5 20 3 13 3 8 1 15 6 3 9 17 2 1 0 Average precipitation mm inches 47 2 1 86 35 9 1 41 32 2 1 27 36 2 1 43 43 9 1 73 52 3 2 06 53 2 2 09 57 6 2 27 49 3 1 94 56 5 2 22 54 4 2 14 49 8 1 96 568 4 22 38 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 10 7 8 9 8 1 7 9 7 4 8 7 8 4 8 7 8 1 9 5 10 5 10 3 107 3Source ECA amp D 113 vteClimate data for Cambridge NIAB b elevation 26 m 85 ft 1991 2020 normals extremes 1959 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 4 59 7 18 3 64 9 23 9 75 0 26 9 80 4 29 5 85 1 33 5 92 3 39 9 103 8 36 1 97 0 32 0 89 6 29 3 84 7 18 3 64 9 16 1 61 0 39 9 103 8 Mean daily maximum C F 7 7 45 9 8 3 46 9 11 0 51 8 14 1 57 4 17 4 63 3 20 4 68 7 23 1 73 6 22 9 73 2 19 6 67 3 15 1 59 2 10 7 51 3 8 0 46 4 14 9 58 8 Daily mean C F 4 8 40 6 5 0 41 0 7 0 44 6 9 4 48 9 12 4 54 3 15 4 59 7 17 8 64 0 17 7 63 9 15 0 59 0 11 5 52 7 7 6 45 7 5 1 41 2 10 7 51 3 Mean daily minimum C F 1 9 35 4 1 8 35 2 3 1 37 6 4 6 40 3 7 4 45 3 10 5 50 9 12 6 54 7 12 6 54 7 10 5 50 9 7 9 46 2 4 5 40 1 2 2 36 0 6 7 44 1 Record low C F 16 0 3 2 15 3 4 5 9 4 15 1 5 9 21 4 1 8 28 8 0 0 32 0 4 8 40 6 3 3 37 9 0 6 30 9 5 4 22 3 8 9 16 0 12 5 9 5 16 0 3 2 Average precipitation mm inches 48 6 1 91 35 7 1 41 32 9 1 30 37 6 1 48 43 2 1 70 49 1 1 93 48 3 1 90 55 9 2 20 47 6 1 87 58 7 2 31 52 6 2 07 49 2 1 94 559 4 22 02 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 10 4 8 7 8 1 8 0 7 3 8 7 8 4 9 0 8 0 9 6 10 4 10 5 107 2Mean monthly sunshine hours 57 2 77 8 118 4 157 2 182 7 182 5 190 0 181 3 144 0 110 3 67 6 53 7 1 522 7Source 1 Met Office 114 Source 2 Starlings Roost Weather 115 116 Demography editThe Domesday survey of 1086 revealed 110 households 117 which were mainly rural 118 In 1251 a survey showed an increase to 345 households 117 with the start of urban living although still largely rural 118 By the 1416 survey there were 457 occupied premises in the city and many of the streets were arranged much as they are today 118 See also the cartographer John Speed s plan of Ely 1610 49 In 1563 there were 800 households and by 1753 the population was recorded as 3 000 117 Historical population of ElyYear 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901Population 3 948 4 249 5 079 6 189 6 849 7 632 7 982 8 166 8 171 8 017 7 803Year 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011Population 7 917 7 690 8 381 xi 9 988 9 803 9 966 10 392 11 291 15 102 20 256Census 1801 2001 1 2011 93 Economy editAs an island surrounded by marshes and meres the fishing of eels was important as both a food and an income for the abbot and his nearby tenants For example to the abbot of Ely in 1086 Stuntenei was worth 24 000 eels Litelport 17 000 eels and even the small village of Liteltetford was worth 3 250 eels 119 Prior to the extensive and largely successful drainage of the fens during the seventeenth century Ely was a trade centre for goods made out of willow reeds and rushes and wild fowling was a major local activity 120 Peat in the form of turf was used as a fuel and in the form of moor as a building material xii Ampthill Clay was dug from the local area for the maintenance of river banks and Kimmeridge Clay at Roswell Pits for the making of pottery wares 122 In general from a geological perspective The district is almost entirely agricultural and has always been so The only mineral worked at the present time is gravel for aggregate although chalk brick clay Ampthill and Kimmeridge clays phosphate from Woburn Sands Gault and Cambridge Greensand sand and gravel and peat have been worked on a small scale in the past 123 Phosphate nodules referred to locally as coprolites xiii were dug in the area surrounding Ely between 1850 and 1890 for use as an agricultural fertiliser This industry provided significant employment for the local labour force 125 One of the largest sugar beet factories in England was opened in Queen Adelaide two miles 3 km from the centre of Ely in 1925 126 The factory closed in 1981 although sugar beet is still farmed locally 127 Pottery was made in Ely from the 12th century until 1860 128 records show around 80 people who classed their trade as potters 129 Babylon ware is the name given to pottery made in one area of Ely This ware is thought to be so named because there were potters in an area cut off from the centre by the re routing of the River Great Ouse around 1200 by the seventeenth century this area had become known as Babylon Although the reason for the name is unclear by 1850 it was in official use on maps The building of the Ely to King s Lynn railway in 1847 cut the area off even further and the inhabitants could only cross to Ely by boat 130 131 Culture edit nbsp Eel Day carnival procession down Fore Hill 2007Annual events edit Annual fairs have been held in Ely since the twelfth century 132 Saint Audrey s Etheldreda s seven day fair held either side of 23 June was first granted officially by Henry I to the abbot and convent on 10 October 1189 40 At this fair cheap necklaces made from brightly coloured silk were sold these were called tawdry lace 133 Tawdry a corruption of Saint Audrey now means pertaining to the nature of cheap and gaudy finery 134 Two other fairs the 15 day festival of St Lambert first granted in 1312 and the 22 day fair beginning on the Vigil of the Ascension first granted in 1318 40 The festival of St Lambert had stopped by the eighteenth century St Etheldreda s and the Vigil of the Ascension markets still continue although the number of days have been considerably reduced and the dates have changed 135 Present day annual events in Ely include Aquafest which has been staged at the riverside by the Rotary Club on the first Sunday of July since 1978 xiv 137 Other events include the Eel Day carnival procession 138 and the annual fireworks display in Ely Park first staged in 1974 139 The Ely Folk Festival has been held in the city since 1985 140 The Ely Horticultural Society have been staging their Great Autumn Show since 1927 141 In 2018 Ely hosted the Pride festival celebrating LGBT and diversity At the inaugural festival For The Hornets headlined and the cathedral flew the pride rainbow flag 142 Twin town edit Since September 1956 Ely has been twinned with Ribe Denmark s oldest town and part of the Municipality of Esbjerg officials from Ribe first came to Ely in 1957 The golden anniversary of this twinning was celebrated in 2006 143 Exchange visits occur roughly every two years 144 Museums and attractions edit The city of Ely has several visitor attractions including The Stained Glass Museum the only museum dedicated to stained glass in the UK 145 The Stained Glass Museum is located inside Ely Cathedral and has a collection of stained glass from the 13th century to the present day 146 Ely Museum housed in the old city gaol is a local history museum which tells the story of Ely and the surrounding Fens from pre historic times to the present day 147 Oliver Cromwell s House is the former family home of Oliver Cromwell and houses an exhibition about Cromwell and the English Civil War Local media edit Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East and ITV Anglia The city receives its television signals from the Sandy Heath TV transmitter 148 Ely s local radio stations are BBC Radio Cambridgeshire on 96 0 FM Heart East on 103 0 FM and Star Radio on 107 1 Local newspapers are the Ely Standard and Cambridge News Landmarks edit nbsp This cannon was captured during the Crimean War at the Siege of Sevastopol 1854 1855 149 and was presented to the people of Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860 It is located on the Palace Green west of Ely Cathedral and northwest of the Bishop s Palace 150 War memorial edit A cannon captured during the Crimean War at the Siege of Sevastopol 1854 1855 and given to Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860 is located on Palace Green west of the cathedral 149 The inscription reads Russian cannon captured during the Crimean War presented to the people of Ely by Queen Victoria in 1860 to mark the creation of the Ely Rifle Volunteers 150 The cannon was cast xv at the Alexandrovski factory in 1802 the factory s director being the Englishman Charles Gascoigne The serial number is 8726 The calibre is 30 pounds 14 kg and the weight is 252 poods or about 9 000 pounds 4 100 kg 152 The cannon is mounted on an iron carriage which would previously have been mounted on a heavy iron traversing slide known as Systeme Venglov 1853 151 153 The Ely Rifle Volunteers formed in 1860 became part of the Cambridgeshire Regiment during 1914 1918 then subsequently part of the Royal Anglian Regiment until disbanded in 1999 154 Notable buildings edit See also Listed buildings in Ely and Ely Cathedral There are twenty three Grade I six Grade II and one hundred and fifty three Grade II listed buildings 155 in the city of Ely 156 Cherry Hill to the south of Cathedral Park is the remains of the Norman period motte and bailey Ely Castle 157 The earliest written record of this 40 foot high 12 m by 250 foot diameter 76 m castle is in the time of Henry I 39 Two twelfth century hospitals St Mary Magdalene founded 1172 and St John the Baptist founded c 1200 were on the site of what is now a four building farmstead in West End Building dates are not known but the extant remains indicate c 1175 85 158 159 Bishop Northwold merged the two hospitals in 1240 The farmstead Grade I listed building status was graded on 23 September 1950 between four properties St John s farmhouse 160 a barn to the southwest formerly chapel of St John 161 a barn to the north formerly chapel of St Mary 162 and a dovecote 163 Above the north doorway of the southwestern barn of St John s farmhouse is a carved Barnack stone which is built into the thirteenth century wall The stone is thought to have been robbed from the Anglo Saxon monastery of St Etheldreda xvi This heavily weathered eighth century stone shows a man blowing a horn whilst riding on an ox 165 166 John Alcock Bishop of Ely and founder of Jesus College Cambridge 167 constructed the Bishop s Palace during his bishopric between 1486 and 1500 168 of the original fabric only the east tower and the lower part of the west tower remain 169 A startlingly huge London Plane tree planted in 1680 still grows in the garden and is said to be one of the largest in England 170 171 Benjamin Lany Bishop of Ely from 1667 until 1675 demolished much of Alcock s work and thus became responsible for most of the present day building 172 This Grade I listed building is southwest of and close to the west end of the cathedral opposite the original village green now named Palace Green 173 St Mary s Vicarage better known locally as Cromwell s House is a Grade II listed building of mainly sixteenth century plaster frame construction although there exist some stone arches c 1380 A plaque on the front of the house records that this is Cromwell House the residence of Oliver Cromwell from 1636 to 1647 when collector of Ely Tithes 35 Between 1843 and 1847 the house was the Cromwell Arms public house and it was restored in 1905 when it was given its timbered appearance 174 The house was opened as a re creation of seventeenth century living and a tourist information centre on 6 December 1990 ii 175 The former Ely Gaol is a late seventeenth century Grade II listed building 176 which since has been the Ely museum 177 From the thirteenth century buildings on this site have been a private house a tavern and since 1836 when the Bishop transferred his thirteenth century prison from Ely Porta the Bishop s Gaol 178 It was a registry office prior to becoming a museum 176 The Maltings is another of Ely s distinguishing buildings Built in 1868 as part of Ebenezer William Harlock s brewery complex the Maltings was used to process locally grown barley into Malt for brewing 179 The Maltings is located on Ely s Waterside and has since left its brewing days behind It is now a venue that hosts live events and entertainment as well as private functions such as weddings and business conferences 180 The Maltings is also home to the Ely Ribe Tapestry 181 The Ely Ribe Tapestry was commissioned in 2004 to mark the 50th Anniversary of the twinning of the two towns Ely in Cambridgeshire England and Ribe in Jutland Denmark 182 The designer Ullrich described the Tapestry as a portrait of two different cities in two different countries 183 The Lamb Hotel is a Grade II listed building which is prominently situated on the corner of Lynn Road and High Street 100 yards 91 m north of the west end of the cathedral 184 The hotel was erected as a coaching house on the site of the previous Lamb Inn during 1828 and 1829 At that time it had stabling for 30 horses and a lock up for two coaches 185 In 1906 it had five bedrooms for the landlord 15 rooms for lodgers room for 15 horses and 12 vehicles In 2007 it had 31 rooms for guests 185 It is claimed that an inn has existed on the site since Bishop Fordham s survey between 1416 and 1417 186 It is also claimed that an inn existed on the site in 1690 but no earlier 187 The city s courthouse was built in 1821 being known both as Shire Hall and Sessions House 188 189 It ceased operation in 2011 as part of central government measures to close 93 magistrates courts across England and Wales 190 The building was subsequently acquired by City of Ely Council in 2013 to serve as their offices and meeting place 191 Notable sites edit Further information Ely Castle Roswell Pits and Chettisham Meadow The former Kimmeridge Clay quarry Roswell Pits one mile 1 6 km southwest of Ely Cathedral is now a nature reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest SSSI 192 The trees in Abbey Park were planted on Mount Hill in 1779 by James Bentham a minor canon of Ely Ely Castle once stood on Mount Hill which was renamed Cherry Hill following the tree plantings by Bentham 193 194 195 The Chettisham Meadow SSSI is a medieval ridge and furrow grassland about 0 6 miles 1 km north of the city centre 196 This site one of the UK s best remaining examples of ridge and furrow agriculture also contains protected species such as the Green winged Orchid 197 Transport edit nbsp Engraving xvii from The Illustrated London News of the station at Ely during the opening on 25 October 1847 of the Lynn and Ely Railway now part of the Fen Line 198 Rail edit Main article Railways in Ely Ely railway station on the Fen Line is a major railway hub with the Cambridge to Ely section opening in 1845 Five major railway lines excluding the former Ely and St Ives Railway emanate from this hub north to King s Lynn northwest to Peterborough east to Norwich southeast to Ipswich and south to Cambridge and London 199 At the opening of the 26 1 2 mile 42 6 km Lynn and Ely railway with great eclat 198 on 25 October 1847 the Ely station building xviii completed in 1847 201 was described by The Illustrated London News as an extensive pile xix in pleasing mixed Grecian and Italian style 198 The former Ely and St Ives Railway known locally as the Grunty Fen Express 202 opened in 1865 but was never popular In 1866 the 7 1 2 mile 12 1 km return journey from Ely to Sutton in the Isle cost two shillings 203 which equates to a cost of almost 10 xx in 2024 204 The line closed to passengers in February 1931 and completely closed in 1964 205 As of December 2016 update train operating companies using Ely were Great Northern Greater Anglia CrossCountry and East Midlands Railway with direct trains to Cambridge London most of East Anglia the Midlands and the North There are connecting services to many other parts of England and to Scotland 206 Road edit A Roman road named Akeman Street xxi has been documented from Ermine Street near Wimpole through Cambridge Stretham and Ely to Brancaster through Denver 208 This is not the same road as the major Roman road named Akeman Street which started from Verulamium southwest of St Albans then via Tring and Aylesbury terminating near Alchester 209 In Bishop John Fordham s survey of Ely in 1416 1417 an east to west Akermanstrete or Agemanstrete is mentioned which now forms part of the east west Egremont Street 210 Akeman Street would have been oriented north south passing through central Ely and therefore the east west oriented Egremont Street cannot have a Roman origin 211 It is suggested that the Wimpole to Brancaster road name of Akeman was derived by antiquarians without justification from Acemanes ceastre an ancient name for Bath 212 nbsp Turnpike marker 1852 showing southwest boundary of ElyMedieval accountant Clement of Thetford made or had others make on his behalf many journeys between 1291 and 1292 as evidenced by his sacrist s rolls the earliest known roll of the Ely Monastery 213 For example he travelled the 25 miles 40 km xxii to Bury Bury St Edmunds fair to obtain rice sugar etc the 16 miles 26 km to Barnwell for wheels axles etc for carts then the 51 miles 82 km to St Botolph s Boston for wine the 14 miles 23 km to Reche Reach for steel and iron and the 78 miles 126 km to London principally for things needed in the vestry for the service of the Church but also to pay taxes 213 Some or parts of these journeys will have been made by river 214 The eighteenth century historian Edmund Carter in his 1753 History of the County of Cambridge amp c described a thrice weekly coach journey for the conveniency of sending and receiving letters and small parcels from the Lamb Inn Ely to the post house Cambridge 215 In the 1760s the Reverend James Bentham an antiquarian and minor canon of Ely encouraged the ecclesiastical authorities and townspeople of Ely to subscribe xxiii to a turnpike road between Ely and Cambridge improvements which started in 1769 217 The eighteenth century London to King s Lynn coach route documented by the Postmaster General s surveyor John Cary passed through Ely with a stop at the Lamb Inn a coaching inn in 1753 218 and extant as the Lamb Hotel 219 Cary measured the distance of the London Shoreditch to Ely section as being 67 miles 108 km 220 The A142 road from Newmarket to Chatteris passes east west south of the town Ely is on the north south A10 road from London to King s Lynn the southwestern bypass of the town was built in 1986 221 A proposal for an Ely southeast bypass of the A142 is included in the major schemes of the Cambridgeshire Local Transport Plan The proposed route would include 1 2 miles 1 9 km of new road between new roundabout junctions on Stuntney Causeway and Angel Drove The bypass is intended to reduce congestion in Ely and to avoid the low bridge on the Ely to King s Lynn railway line which has the third highest vehicle strike rate in the country 222 Proposals for the bypass went to public consultation in October 2011 and the County Council and District Council have announced that they may fund some of the costs of construction estimated to be up to 28 million 223 with contributions from developers who wish to build a retail park near the proposed route 224 225 The bypass completed at 13m over budget opened on 31 October 2018 226 River edit The local rivers were historically important transport links but are now mainly used for leisure The Great Ouse provides a link to the sea at King s Lynn and the River Cam flows from Cambridge to join the Great Ouse to the south of Ely King Cnut arrived at Ely by boat for the Purification of St Mary When they were approaching land at Ely the king rose up in the middle of his men and directed the boatmen to make for the little port xxiv at full speed 227 Archaeological excavations in the year 2000 between Broad Street and the present river revealed artificially cut channels at right angles to the present river front thus evidently part of the medieval port of Ely 228 In 1753 Carter reports that for the conveniency of passengers and heavy goods to and from Cambridge a boat left Ely every Tuesday and Friday for Cambridge the 20 mile 32 km journey took six hours 215 Religious sites editEly Cathedral edit nbsp Northeast aspect of Ely Cathedral The Lady Chapel built between 1335 and 1353 is to the right of the image Early 19th century proof print by John Buckler 32 Main article Ely Cathedral Further information Diocese of Ely The Anglican Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity is known as the Ship of the Fens 229 230 a name inspired by the distant views of its towers which dominate the low lying wetlands known as The Fens 78 The diocese of Ely was created in 1108 out of the see of Lincoln and a year later the bishopric of Ely was founded Construction of the cathedral was begun by William the Conqueror in 1083 with it finally opening in 1189 after 116 years 231 On 22 February 1322 it suffered the collapse of the crossing which was rebuilt as an octagon 232 The cathedral was completed in 1351 John Wesley wrote of his 22 November 1774 visit to Ely that the cathedral is one of the most beautiful I have seen The western tower is exceedingly grand and the nave of an amazing height 107 Ely is the nearest cathedral city to Cambridge which lies within the same diocese The Diocese of Ely covers 1 507 square miles 3 903 km2 641 000 people 2011 and 335 churches It includes the county of Cambridgeshire except for much of Peterborough and three parishes in the south which are in the diocese of Chelmsford The Diocese of Ely also includes the western part of Norfolk a few parishes in Peterborough and Essex and one in Bedfordshire 233 Other churches edit St Mary s Church dedicated by Bishop Eustace 170 is an early thirteenth century building with a c 1300 spire and tower with eight bells The church was heavily restored starting in 1877 234 The Roman Catholic Church of St Etheldreda in Egremont Street dates from 1891 235 The Methodist chapel in Chapel Street was built in 1818 and was restored in 1891 236 The Salem Baptist chapel was erected in 1840 235 The Church of St Peter in Ely on Broad Street was built in 1890 the architect was James Piers St Aubyn 39 and it contains a fine Ninian Comper rood screen The Countess Free Church is part of the Countess of Huntingdon s Connexion 237 238 From 1566 to 1938 the parish church for Holy Trinity was the Lady Chapel of Ely Cathedral Sport editSee also Fen skating Ely City F C was established in 1885 239 joined the Eastern Counties Football League in 1960 and have been members of the league s Premier Division since 2007 239 In the 1997 1998 season they reached the 3rd round of the FA Vase Ely Tigers Rugby Club currently play in the London 3 Eastern Counties Division A short lived greyhound racing track was opened in May 1933 at the Downham Road Stadium The racing was independent of the National Greyhound Racing Club 240 241 The University of Cambridge rowing club has a boathouse on the bank of the river and trains there for the annual Boat Race against the University of Oxford 242 In 1944 and 2021 the Boat Race took place on a course on the Great Ouse on the outskirts of Ely moved from the River Thames due to World War II and the COVID 19 pandemic respectively 243 244 245 The Isle of Ely Rowing Club was formed to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the former event 246 In 1973 Ely won the international Jeux Sans Frontieres competition known in Britain as It s a Knockout becoming the last British town to win the title outright Education edit nbsp Ely LibraryKing s Ely is a coeducational boarding school which was granted a royal charter in 1541 by Henry VIII King s Ely claims to have beginnings in the re foundation of St Etheldreda s monastery in 970 by the Benedictine order The wealthy sent their sons to such places to learn how to read and translate Latin texts Edward the Confessor may xxv have been educated at Ely between c 1005 and 1010 The teaching of grammar continued in the cloisters of Ely and this tradition was the forerunner of the Cathedral Grammar School today known as The King s School Ely 248 Needham s Charity School was founded in 1740 in Back Hill by Mrs Catherine Needham for the education clothing and apprenticement of poor children 249 There were originally 24 free scholars aged 9 to 14 years of age After a period in St Mary s Street Needham s School relocated to a new building in Downham Road adjacent to Ely High School in 1969 The original building on Back Hill is now part of King s Ely The National School for boys was located in Silver Street There was a National School for Girls in Market Street Both National Schools received bursaries from the Parson s Charity The Broad Street School was erected in 1858 249 In later years the Silver Street and Broad Street schools operated as St Mary s Junior School with one year group Y5 in Broad Street The Ely High School for Girls opened in 1905 in St Mary s Street moving to the Downham Road site in 1957 on a large site which also housed St Audrey s Infant School which opened on 15 May 1953 In 1972 Ely High School closed when state secondary education in the area changed to the comprehensive model the site becoming the City of Ely VIth Form College part of Ely Community College which is currently Ely College In 1940 the Bishop s Palace was acquired by the Red Cross as a hospital and after the Second World War it became a school known as The Palace School for disabled children and young people Education in Ely as of 2017 includes King s Ely Ely College The Lantern Community Primary School St Mary s CofE Junior School Isle of Ely Primary School St John s Community Primary School and Highfield Special Academy 250 Public services editAnglian Water supplies the city s water and sewerage services from their Ely Public Water Supply xxvi The water quality was reported as excellent in 2011 In the same report the hardness was reported as 292 mg L The nearest reservoir Grafham Water is 21 miles 34 km west of the city 251 The distribution network operator for electricity is EDF Energy The largest straw burning power station in the world is at nearby Sutton This renewable energy resource power station rated at 36 85 MW from burning biomass nearly 25 percent of the total renewable energy reported for Cambridgeshire in 2009 252 East Cambridgeshire District Council is part of the Recycling in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough RECAP Partnership which was granted Beacon status for waste and recycling in 2006 07 253 The Princess of Wales Hospital in the north of Ely was built during the Second World War by the Royal Air Force and until 1993 it served nearby RAF stations including Marham Feltwell Lakenheath and Mildenhall 254 in 1987 Diana Princess of Wales renamed the hospital and it is now a community hospital operated by the Lifespan Healthcare NHS trust which treats 40 000 outpatients per year 255 Acute cases are handled by four other hospitals in the region including Addenbrooke s Hospital and Papworth Hospital in Cambridge 20 miles 32 km south of Ely 256 Notable people edit nbsp Dawn by the River Great Ouse ElyThe former RAF hospital based in Ely meant that many children of serving RAF parents were born in the city including rugby union player and Rugby World Cup 2003 winning manager with England national rugby team Clive Woodward 257 Australian emigree actor Guy Pearce 258 and actors Sam Callis Simon MacCorkindale and David Westhead 259 Autogyro world record holder Ken Wallis was also born in Ely Other notable people from Ely include The Sisters of Mercy singer Andrew Eldritch 260 journalist Chris Hunt 261 and Margaret Tebbit 262 Crime writer Jim Kelly 263 and award winning poet Wendy Cope 264 In popular culture editChildren s book Tom s Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce is partly set in Ely and includes a scene in Ely Cathedral and scenes inspired by the author s father s own childhood experiences of skating along the frozen river from Cambridge to Ely in the frost of 1894 95 265 266 267 The first series of Jim Kelly s crime novels featuring journalist Philip Dryden is largely set in the author s home town of Ely and in the Fens 268 Graham Swift s 1983 novel Waterland takes place and recounts several historical events in and around the town of Ely The Tales of the Unexpected episode The Flypaper was filmed in Ely The album cover for Pink Floyd s The Division Bell was created by Storm Thorgerson with Ely as the background between two massive sculptures that he had erected outside the city 269 Freedom of the City editThe following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Ely This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items January 2020 Individuals edit Malcolm Fletcher saxophonist with the Ely Military Band 18 December 2017 270 Military units edit RAF Hospital Ely 1977 271 RAF Strike Command 26 September 1987 272 6th Battalion The Royal Anglian Regiment 1977 273 274 1094 City of Ely Squadron Air Training Corps 8 October 2019 275 City of Ely Detachment 3 Ironside Company Cambridgeshire Army Cadet Force 24 June 2023 276 See also editList of places in CambridgeshireReferences editFootnotes edit Roswell Pits are also known as Roslyn Hole 4 and Roslyn Pit 5 a b Plaque inside the building Taken from Dorman 1986 p 54 48 which originates from John Speed s plan of Ely on his 1610 Huntingdonshire map 49 First published in 1586 In 1610 Philemon Holland translated the 1607 edition from the original Latin Originally Ipsa vero Elye urbs est non exigua nec sua sane vel elegentia vel frequentia praedicanda utpote ob uliginosum situm coelo parum salubri which Google translates as The city is no small for Elias nor the frequency of his or elegentia or indeed be preached for instance because of wet site wholesome little heaven 60 According to Dorman 65 For example in 33 Hen 8 c 10 and in the Writ De Excommunicato Capiendo Act 1562 85 Palatine Oxford English Dictionary online Oxford University Press 2011 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Originally designating a county or other territory in England and later other countries as having a ruler with royal privileges and judicial authority within the territory which elsewhere belong to the sovereign alone now hist Later designating a modern administrative area corresponding to this Usu as postmodifier esp in county palatine subscription required Largest according to Miller and Skertchley 1878 by reason of its magnitude its almost unbroken flatness and its fertility 102 The UK Metrology Office weather station identifier for Cambridge is NIAB There was no census in 1941 due to World War II Turf is Unweathered peat worked for fuel in turbaries and moor is weathered peat unsuitable for fuel 121 The word coprolite is from the Greek kopros which means dung and lithos which means stone The word was first coined in 1829 by Rev William Buckland and is a misnomer as the nodules are fossilised bone 124 The Aquafest has been held annually since 1977 136 Chiselled into the ends of the trunnions of the gun is the vital data the serial number name of factory and director s name on one side and the calibre weight and date of manufacture on the other 151 Cobbett writes I do not claim that this stone formed part of Ethelreda s original monastery and is of seventh century date though this is just possible but rather that it belonged to the monastery which she founded in 673 and was carried on by her royal sisters after her death 164 By kind permission of the Cambridgeshire Library Service The present temporary Station at Ely having been found insufficient orders were given last Tuesday for extensive additional buildings Ely Chronicle 10 January 1846 200 OED pile n 2 a A large building or edifice esp a stately home subscription required Using RPI as described in Choosing the Best Indicator to Measure Relative Worth Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Dorman calls it Akerman Street 207 This distance and all following medieval road distances are calculated on contemporary roads using Google Maps An Act for repairing widening turning and keeping in Repair the Road from the Town of Cambridge to Ely and from thence to Soham and for building a Bridge cross the River Ouze at or near a Place called Stretham Ferry in the County of Cambridge 216 Here Fairweather postulates that in the 10th century it may have been possible to row considerably nearer to the monastery than is possible today Fairweather 2005 p 191 note 418 This detail about the upbringing of Edward is not attested anywhere else See F Barlow Edward the Confessor second edition Newhaven and London 1997 pp 28ff 247 zone FE33 Weather station is located 0 8 miles 1 3 km from the Cambridge city centre Weather station is located 3 miles 4 8 km from the Cambridge city centre Notes edit a b Historic Census Population Figures Cambridgeshire County Council 2010 Archived from the original XLS on 9 June 2011 Retrieved 20 August 2010 The History of Ely Cambridgeshire Darby 1974 pp 93 106 Skertchly 1877 p 236 Marr amp Thomas 1967 p 19 a b Stubbington Paul January 2008 Ely master plan report number 14555 02 PS JFR Infrastructure and constraints assessment PDF Cambridgeshire Horizons p 2 Archived from the original PDF on 17 July 2011 Retrieved 14 November 2011 Multiperiod remains Chief s Street Ely CHER number CB15534 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Neolithic Bronze Age activity Trinity and Runciman lands West Fen Road Ely CHER number CB15553 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Neolithic flints Bray s Lane Ely CHER number 10475 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Bronze Age battle axe Springhead Lane Ely CHER number 08043 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Bronze spearhead Ely area CHER number 09452 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Late Iron Age Conquest period settlement West Fen Road CHER number CB15472 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 30 August 2012 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Roman pottery The Paddock Ely CHER number 10170B Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Romano British settlement Little Thetford CHER number CB15675 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 25 September 2012 Retrieved 1 December 2011 Giles 1843 chap XIX Crabb 1833 ELY Earle 1865 pp 161 210 242 et al Skeat 1901 pp 51 2 Reaney 1943 pp 213 4 Ekwall 1960 p 166 Mills 2003 p 178 Watts 2004 p 215 Bailey 1999 pp 63 76 Mansfield Daniel 27 December 2012 Cambridge academic has new theory on how Ely got its name Ely Standard Retrieved 1 July 2020 Miller S H 1892 Fenland notes and queries a quarterly antiquarian journal for the fenland in the counties of Huntingdon Cambridge Lincoln Northampton Norfolk and Suffolk Vol 2 316 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help A Brief History of the Diocese of Ely The Diocese of Ely The Diocese of Ely limited Archived from the original on 22 May 2011 Retrieved 30 October 2011 Miller 1953 p 1 a b Marr amp Thomas 1967 p 1 Miller 1969 p 8 Turner 2003 p 13 Pevsner 1977 p 339 a b Pevsner 1977 p 340 Andrews 2004 p 596 Pevsner 1977 pp 355 357 a b Historic England St Mary s vicarage Grade II 1126467 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 8 November 2011 a b Dorman 1986 p 63 Oliver Cromwell House a jewel in the district East Cambridgeshire District Council Archived from the original on 19 January 2012 Retrieved 26 November 2011 a b c Cherry Hill Castle Mound CHER number 01764 Heritage Gateway English Heritage Archived from the original on 2 January 2012 Retrieved 30 November 2011 Scheduled Monument Cambridgeshire 39 Cherry Hill castle mound a b c d Pevsner 1977 p 380 a b c Letters Samantha 15 July 2010 Ely Online Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England Wales to 1516 Institute of Historical research Archived from the original on 9 June 2007 Retrieved 14 November 2011 Smith Lisa Davies Charlotte 2008 25 Broad Street Ely Cambridgeshire Construction of Residential Dwellings PDF Archaeological Monitoring amp Recording Cambridge Archaeological Solutions p 8 Archived PDF from the original on 2 April 2012 Retrieved 14 November 2011 Foxe 1838 pp ii iii a b c Blakeman 1990 p 131 Fuller John Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 10231 Subscription or UK public library membership required Foxe 1838 pp 820 821 Ely Martyrs City of Ely Perspective Archived from the original on 26 April 2012 Retrieved 14 December 2011 Jakes Chris 2009 Recent accessions to the Cambridgeshire Collection PDF Cambridgeshire Antiquarian Society Archived PDF from the original on 11 September 2011 Retrieved 1 December 2011 BENDALL Sarah The earliest known map of Ely John Speed s survey map of 1607 Ely Ely Society 2009 ISBN 978 0 903616 28 7 Dorman 1986 p 54 a b c Speed John Huntingdonshire From a proof copy of John Speed s Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine which was first published 1611 12 Cambridge University Library classmark Atlas 2 61 1 John Speed proof maps Atlas 2 61 1 Cambridge University Library Archived from the original on 19 September 2012 Retrieved 12 November 2011 Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 30 Gillingham John 1976 Portrait of a Soldier Cromwell London Weidenfeld and Nicolson p 8 ISBN 0 297 77148 5 Oliver Cromwell s House Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 88 Bishop of Ely Unveils Charter With Oliver Cromwell s Signature Eastern Daily Press 25 September 2008 Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 14 December 2011 Land and possessions the poor of Ely otherwise Parsons Charity reg 202634 Charity Commission HMG Crown Archived from the original on 13 January 2011 Retrieved 31 October 2011 Blakeman 1990 p 60 Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 pp 43 44 Ely Draft Report PDF Cambridgeshire Extensive Urban Survey Cambridgeshire County Council Archaeology Unit 17 January 2001 p 43 Archived from the original PDF on 29 September 2011 Retrieved 19 November 2011 Extensive Urban Survey Leisure archaeology record projects Ely Cambridgeshire County Council 21 December 2007 Archived from the original on 3 September 2012 Retrieved 18 November 2011 Camden 1607 17 Fiennes Celia 2009 1698 1698 Tour Cambridge to Lichfield A vision of Britain through time University of Portsmouth and others Archived from the original on 26 December 2010 Retrieved 19 November 2011 Defoe 1891 pp 152 153 John Howard 1777 The state of Prisons in England and Wales with preliminary observations and an account of some foreign prisons Cadell Dorman 1986 pp 74 75 a b Dorman 1986 p 74 Cobbett 1912 p 228 Johnson 1893 pp 12 24 65 66 Reg Holmes 1974 That Alarming Malady Ely Local History Publications Board p 15 Collins William Wiehe 19 November 1992 William Wiehe Collins Sale 4835 Lot 60 Christie s on line catalogue London South Kensington Christie s Archived from the original on 3 December 2013 Retrieved 2 December 2011 pencil and watercolour heightened with white Collins William Wiehe 1908 Cathedral Cities of England 60 Reproductions from Original Water Colours Project Gutenberg Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Retrieved 2 December 2011 Historic England Almonry Sacrists Hall gate and Goldsmiths Tower High Street south side Grade I 1126503 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 2 November 2011 The Almonry Restaurant Corporate amp Hospitality Ely Cathedral Archived from the original on 3 January 2012 Retrieved 4 December 2011 Dorman 1986 chap XIV p 81 Dorman 1986 p 81 Saward Jeff Historic Church Labyrinths in England Labarinthos Labyrinths amp Mazes Resource Centre Photo Library amp Archive Labyrinthos Archived from the original on 24 April 2012 Retrieved 14 November 2011 Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 75 Jones 1924 p 3 a b Pevsner 1977 p 342 Blakeman 1990 p 13 Edgar Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 8463 Subscription or UK public library membership required Miller 1969 p 20 Miller 1969 p 25 Miller 1969 p 28 a b Miller 1969 p 200 Miller 1969 p 27 Miller 1969 p 1 General Act 7 William IV amp 1 Victoria I c 53 The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Vol 31 32 London HMSO 1838 p 585 Aikin 1800 p 206 At the Court at Buckingham Palace the 15th day of July 1850 London Gazette 21120 2055 23 July 1850 Retrieved 18 June 2022 City of Ely Local Board of Health Notice of audit Cambridge Chronicle and University Journal 22 May 1852 p 2 Retrieved 18 June 2022 City of Ely Urban District Council Notice of audit Cambridge Independent Press 7 June 1895 p 1 Retrieved 18 June 2022 No 46255 The London Gazette 4 April 1974 p 4401 a b Census 2011 Cambridgeshire amp Peterborough Cambridgeshire County Council 2011 Archived from the original on 30 September 2012 Retrieved 3 January 2011 Dalton et al 2011 p 503 Ely Today PDF East Cambridgeshire District Council Archived from the original PDF on 18 January 2012 Retrieved 14 October 2011 Cambridgeshire South East Hansard 1805 2005 Constituencies Parliamentary Debates Hansard Archived from the original on 6 February 2012 Retrieved 26 October 2011 East Cambridgeshire District Council What kind of Council Are We East Cambridgeshire District Council Archived from the original on 19 October 2011 Retrieved 8 November 2011 Wards East Cambridgeshire District Council Archived from the original on 22 October 2011 Retrieved 8 November 2011 Your Councillors Cambridgeshire County Council Archived from the original on 21 November 2018 Retrieved 23 June 2014 Local Government Act 1972 Schedule 1 Archived from the original on 1 July 2018 Retrieved 8 November 2011 Pearce Ian 3 July 2006 Gone for clunch BBC News Archived from the original on 31 August 2011 Retrieved 12 November 2011 Miller amp Skertchly 1878 p 1 Marr amp Thomas 1967 p 9 Ely S amp D Map Based on 1st series 1 50 000 map part of sheet 173 1974 ed 1 50000 British Geological Survey 1980 173 ISBN 0 7518 0573 4 Summers 1976 p 14 Defoe 1891 p 161 a b Wesley John 22 November 1774 Wesley in the Fens A vision of Britain through time University of Portsmouth and others Archived from the original on 26 December 2010 Retrieved 19 November 2011 Summers 1976 pp 67 68 Greig amp Martin 1998 p 305 Forecast East of England UK Climate Forecasts Archived from the original on 9 February 2010 Retrieved 5 June 2010 Historical Data Regional Cambridge NIAB UK Climate Summaries Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 5 June 2010 Ely United Kingdom Weather Underground Inc 2010 Archived from the original on 12 January 2012 Retrieved 5 June 2010 Indices Data Cambridge B Gdns Station 1639 KNMI Retrieved 12 March 2019 Cambridgeniab 1991 2020 averages Station District and regional averages 1981 2010 Met Office Retrieved 3 March 2023 Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature Starlings Roost Weather Retrieved 3 March 2023 Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature Starlings Roost Weather Retrieved 3 March 2023 a b c Ely Draft Report PDF Cambridgeshire Extensive Urban Survey Cambridgeshire County Council Archaeology Unit 17 January 2001 p 12 Archived from the original PDF on 29 September 2011 Retrieved 22 November 2011 a b c Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 34 Cambridgeshire Domesday on line Domesdaybook co uk Archived from the original on 18 January 2012 Retrieved 4 December 2011 Summers 1976 pp 10 11 Gallois et al 1988 p 92 Gallois et al 1988 pp 89 90 Gallois et al 1988 p 1 O Connor Bernard Ford T 2001 The origins and development of the British coprolite industry 14 5 Mining History The Bulletin of the Peak District Historical Mines Society a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Gallois et al 1988 pp 91 92 Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 47 Key dates in the UK sugar industry NFU Sugar National Farmers Union Archived from the original on 18 January 2012 Retrieved 4 December 2011 Cessford Alexander amp Dickens 2006 pp 83 98 Cessford Alexander amp Dickens 2006 p 83 Babylon Gallery blog ADrCArts Archived from the original on 11 January 2012 Retrieved 16 November 2011 Denison Simon ed October 2000 News Post medieval pottery collection found in Ely British Archaeology 55 ISSN 1357 4442 Dorman 1986 p 48 Tawdry lace Oxford English Dictionary Oxford University Press Retrieved 9 November 2011 subscription required Tawdry Oxford English Dictionary Oxford University Press Retrieved 9 November 2011 subscription required Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 50 Blakeman 1990 p 114 para 2 and errata Ely Aquafest Rotary clubs of Ely Archived from the original on 25 April 2012 Retrieved 2 November 2011 Eely best place to spend your weekend Press release East Cambridgeshire District Council 15 April 2011 Archived from the original on 18 January 2012 Retrieved 30 October 2011 Ely Fireworks Back with a Bang in 2011 Ely People Northcliffe Media Limited 12 October 2011 Archived from the original on 15 June 2012 Retrieved 30 October 2011 The 2011 Ely Folk Festival Has It All Ely People Northcliffe Media Limited 22 June 2011 Archived from the original on 15 June 2012 Retrieved 30 October 2011 Ely Horticultural Society 2011 Great Autumn Show Ely People Northcliffe Media Limited 1 September 2011 Archived from the original on 15 June 2012 Retrieved 30 October 2011 Ely Cathedral will fly the rainbow flag Cambridge Evening News Archived from the original on 26 July 2019 Retrieved 26 July 2019 Ely marks 60 years of twinning with Denmark s oldest town Ribe Ely Standard 5 May 2005 Retrieved 29 March 2020 Ely Ribe Association Ely Ribe Tapestry Retrieved 29 March 2020 About Us The Stained Glass Museum Ely stainedglassmuseum com Retrieved 20 October 2022 About Us The Stained Glass Museum Ely stainedglassmuseum com Retrieved 20 October 2022 Home Ely Museum Retrieved 20 October 2022 Sandy Heath Central Bedfordshire England Full Freeview transmitter May 2004 a b Cannon on The Green This web site is not WP RS but will do until something better is found UK Attraction Archived from the original on 19 January 2012 Retrieved 31 October 2011 a b Grytr 13 October 2006 Peaceful inscription Commemorative inscription alongside the cannon displayed on the green outside Ely Cathedral Flickr Flickr Yahoo Archived from the original on 20 November 2015 Retrieved 8 November 2011 a b Carpenter 1993 p 147 Carpenter 1993 p 187 1861 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from the original on 5 June 2012 Retrieved 4 December 2011 Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 82 Historic England Bishop s Palace Palace Green Ely Grade I 1296856 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 21 November 2011 Blakeman 1990 p 49 with c 1870 engraving Oliver Cromwell s House Council web site East Cambridgeshire District Council Archived from the original on 1 November 2011 Retrieved 8 November 2011 a b Historic England 4 Lynn Road east side Ely East Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire Grade II 1126487 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 4 December 2011 About Ely Museum Ely museum at the old gaol Ely museum charity No 274253 Archived from the original on 6 December 2011 Retrieved 4 December 2011 Hampson amp Atkinson 1953 p 31 About The Maltings The Maltings Archived from the original on 3 June 2018 Retrieved 31 May 2018 Welcome to The Maltings The Maltings Archived from the original on 4 June 2018 Retrieved 31 May 2018 The Ely Ribe Tapestry The Maltings Archived from the 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history mythology heraldry biography bibliography geography and numismatics Vol 1 Baldwin and Cradock Retrieved 12 January 2012 Dale Rodney 2000 Haddenham amp Aldreth Past and Present Fern House ISBN 1 902702 06 9 Dalton Nick Ford Rebecca Strachan Donald Keeling Stephen Stone Deborah Carrier Rhonda McGrath Louise 2011 Frommer s England amp the Best of Wales 2012 John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 119 97257 0 Darby H C 1974 1940 The Medieval Fenland Newton Abbot David amp Charles ISBN 978 1 107 61498 7 Defoe Daniel 1891 1722 A Tour Through the Eastern Counties of England 1722 London Paris Melbourne Cassell Retrieved 12 November 2011 Dorman B E 1986 1945 The Story of Ely 7 ed Norwich Black Horse Ekwall Eilert 1960 The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English place names 4th ed Oxford Clarendon Press Earle John 1865 Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel With supplementary extracts from the others Clarendon Press Fairweather Janet 2005 Liber Eliensis A history of the Isle of Ely from the seventh century to the twelfth The Boydell Press ISBN 1 84383 015 9 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Foxe John 1838 Seymour Michael Hobart ed The Acts and Monuments of the Church containing the history and sufferings of the martyrs A new ed revised corrected and condensed by M H Seymour London Scott Webster and Geary Franklin William 2018 The Hospital of St John and St Mary Magdalene in Ely and its successor St John s Farm Ely History Publications Gallois R W Cox Beris M Ivimey Cook H C Morter A A Seale R S 1988 Geology of the Country around Ely Memoir for 1 50 000 Geological Sheet 173 England and Wales London HMSO British Geological Survey ISBN 0 11 884395 8 Giles J A 1843 chapter XIX The Complete Works of Venerable Bede in the original Latin collated with the Manuscripts and various printed editions and accompanied by a new English translation of the Historical Works and a Life of the Author Vol 3 part 2 London Whittaker Retrieved 10 January 2012 Gray Ronald D Stubbings Derek 2000 Cambridge Street Names Their Origins and Associations Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 78956 1 Greig A Martin J 1998 Cambridgeshire and Peterborough s State of the Environment Report PDF Cambridgeshire County Council Archived from the original PDF on 9 June 2011 Retrieved 3 November 2011 Hampson Ethel M Atkinson T D 1953 Chapter 2 City of Ely In Pugh Ralph B ed A History of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely The Victoria History of the Counties of England Vol IV London for The University of London Institute of Historical Research by the Oxford University Press pp 27 89 Holton Krayenbuhl Anne ed 2011 The Topography of Medieval Ely Vol 20 Cambridge Cambridgeshire Records Society ISBN 978 0 904323 22 1 Johnson C 1893 An Account of the Ely and Littleport Riots in 1816 Littleport Harris amp Sons pp 12 24 65 66 Jones John 1924 A Human Geography of Cambridgeshire London Sidgwick amp Jackson Marr J E Thomas H D 1967 1938 Chapter 1 Geology In Salzman L F ed A History of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely The Victoria History of the Counties of England Vol I London Dawsons of Pall Mall for The University of London Institute of Historical Research pp 1 33 Miller Edward 1969 1951 The Abbey and Bishopric of Ely Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 07778 8 Miller Edward 1953 Chapter 1 The Liberty of Ely In Pugh Ralph B ed A History of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely The Victoria History of the Counties of England Vol IV London Oxford University Press for The University of London Institute of Historical Research pp 1 27 Miller Samuel H Skertchly Sydney B J 1878 The Fenland Past and Present Chapter 1 Geographical sketch of the Fenland Nature London Longmans amp Green 18 463 1 13 Bibcode 1878Natur 18 514J doi 10 1038 018514a0 S2CID 4140649 Mills A D 2003 A Dictionary of British Place Names Oxford OUP Oppitz Leslie 1989 East Anglia Railways Remembered Countryside Books ISBN 1 85306 040 2 Pevsner Nikolaus 1977 1954 The Buildings of England Cambridgeshire 2nd ed Penguin Books ISBN 0 14 071010 8 Reaney P H 1943 The place names of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely Nature Cambridge English Place name Society XIX 3849 99 105 Bibcode 1943Natur 152 145B doi 10 1038 152145a0 S2CID 38497274 Retrieved 10 January 2012 Skeat W W 1901 The Place Names of Cambridgeshire Cambridge Cambridge Antiquarian Society Skertchly S B J 1877 Geology of the Fenland London HM Stationery Office Stewart D J 1868 On the Architectural History of Ely Cathedral London John van Voorst Summers Dorothy 1976 The Great Level A History of Drainage and Land Reclamation in the Fens Newton Abbot David amp Charles ISBN 0 7153 7041 3 Turner Lynne 2003 In the Shadow of the Cathedral A History of the King s School Ely Cambridge Book Production Consultants ISBN 0 9545799 0 9 Watts V 2004 The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place Names Cambridge CUP Further reading edit Bentham James 1817 The History and Antiquities of the Conventual amp Cathedral Church of Ely from the Foundation of the Monastery A D 673 to the Year 1771 Supplement Comprising enlarged accounts of the monastery Lady Chapel Prior Crawden s Chapel the places and other buildings connected with the vol III StevensonExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ely Cambridgeshire nbsp Ely travel guide from Wikivoyage Historical documents relating to Ely including Church of England parish registers court records maps and photographs are held by Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies at the County Record Office in Cambridge Ely Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 9 11th ed 1911 p 301 Spotted in Ely the biggest Social Media project for Ely Ely Online the longest established website about Ely which has been online since 1996 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ely Cambridgeshire amp oldid 1195330352, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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