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Wikipedia

Chuck Hagel

January 04, 2024

Charles Timothy Hagel (/ˈheɪɡəl/ HAY-gəl;[2] born October 4, 1946)[3] is an American military veteran and former politician who served as a United States senator from Nebraska from 1997 to 2009 and as the 24th United States secretary of defense from 2013 to 2015 in the Obama administration.[4]

Chuck Hagel
Official portrait, 2013
24th United States Secretary of Defense
In office
February 27, 2013 – February 17, 2015
PresidentBarack Obama
DeputyAsh Carter
Christine Fox (acting)
Robert O. Work
Preceded byLeon Panetta
Succeeded byAsh Carter
Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board
In office
October 28, 2009 – February 27, 2013
Served with David Boren
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded bySteve Friedman
Succeeded byShirley Ann Jackson
Jami Miscik (2014)
Chair of the Intelligence Oversight Board
In office
October 28, 2009 – February 27, 2013
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded bySteve Friedman
Succeeded byDan Meltzer
United States Senator
from Nebraska
In office
January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2009
Preceded byJ. James Exon
Succeeded byMike Johanns
Personal details
Born
Charles Timothy Hagel

(1946-10-04) October 4, 1946 (age 77)
North Platte, Nebraska, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouses
Patricia Lloyd
​
​
(m. 1979; div. 1982)​
Lilibet Ziller
​
(m. 1985)​
Children2
EducationBrown Institute
University of Nebraska Omaha (BGS)
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1967–1968
RankSergeant
Unit2nd Battalion, 47th Infantry Regiment
9th Infantry Division[1]
Battles/warsVietnam War (WIA)
AwardsPurple Heart (x2)
Army Commendation Medal
Vietnam Gallantry Cross
Combat Infantryman Badge
Chuck Hagel's voice
Chuck Hagel testifies at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing on the AUMF Against Syria
Recorded September 3, 2013

A recipient of two Purple Hearts while an infantry squad leader in the Vietnam War, Hagel returned home to start careers in business and politics. He co-founded Vanguard Cellular, the primary source of his personal wealth, and served as president of the McCarthy Group, an investment banking firm, and CEO of American Information Systems Inc., a computerized voting machine manufacturer. A member of the Republican Party, Hagel was first elected to the United States Senate in 1996. He was reelected in 2002, but did not run in 2008.

On January 7, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Hagel to serve as Secretary of Defense. On February 12, 2013, the Senate Armed Services Committee approved Hagel's nomination by a vote of 14–11.[5] On February 14, 2013, Senate Republicans did not vote with Democrats so there were not 60 votes needed to end the debate on Hagel's nomination and proceed to a final vote, citing the need for further review. It was the first time that a nominee for Secretary of Defense was filibustered,[6] although candidates for other cabinet offices had been filibustered before.[7] On February 26, 2013, the Senate voted for cloture on Hagel's nomination and confirmed him by a vote of 58–41.[8][9] He took office on February 27, 2013, as his predecessor, Leon Panetta, stepped down.[10]

Hagel previously served as a professor at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, chairman of the Atlantic Council, and co-chairman of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board. Before his appointment as Secretary of Defense, Hagel served on a number of boards of directors, including that of Chevron Corporation.

On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would resign following conflicts within the administration, particularly relating to issues concerning ISIL.[11]

Early life, education, military, and early political career edit

Hagel was born in North Platte, Nebraska, a son of Charles Dean Hagel, and his wife Elizabeth (Betty) Dunn. His father was of German heritage, while his mother was of Irish and Polish ancestry.[12][13] Growing up, Hagel lived across Nebraska; in Ainsworth, Rushville, Scottsbluff, Terrytown, York and Columbus.[14] Hagel was the oldest of four brothers.[15] His father, a veteran of World War II, died suddenly on Christmas morning, 1962, at the age of 39, when Hagel was 16.[16] He graduated from St. Bonaventure High School (now Scotus Central Catholic High School) in Columbus, Nebraska, in 1964, attended Brown Institute for radio and TV through 1966, and earned a BGS degree with a concentration in history from the University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1971.[3][failed verification][17][failed verification]

Hagel volunteered to be drafted into the United States Army during the Vietnam War, rejecting a draft board recommendation that he go to college instead.[18] He served in the United States Army infantry in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. As a sergeant (E-5), he served as an infantry squad leader in the 9th Infantry Division.[19] Hagel served in the same infantry squad as his younger brother Tom, and they are thought to be the only American brothers to have done so during the Vietnam War.[20] They also saved each other's lives on separate occasions.[20] Hagel received the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, two Purple Hearts, the Army Commendation Medal, and the Combat Infantryman Badge.[21]

After his discharge, he worked as a radio newscaster and talk show host in Omaha from 1969 to 1971[22] while finishing college on Veterans Administration (VA) assistance under the GI Bill.[23]

In 1971, Hagel was hired as a staffer for Congressman John Y. McCollister (R-NE), serving until 1977. For the next four years, he worked as a lobbyist for Firestone Tire and Rubber Company,[24] and in 1980, he served as an organizer for the successful presidential campaign of former California Governor Ronald Reagan.[24]

After Reagan's inauguration as president, Hagel was named deputy administrator of the Veterans Administration. In 1982, however, he resigned over a disagreement with VA Administrator Robert P. Nimmo, who was intent on cutting funding for VA programs. Nimmo had referred to veterans groups as "greedy", and to Agent Orange as not much worse than a "little teenage acne."[25]

Business career (1982–1996) edit

After leaving government employment, Hagel co-founded Vanguard Cellular, a mobile phone service carrier that made him a multi-millionaire.[26] While working with Vanguard, he served as president and chief executive officer of the United Service Organizations and the Private Sector Council, as deputy director and chief operating officer of the 1990 G7 Summit, and on the board of directors or advisory committee of the American Red Cross, the Eisenhower World Affairs Institute, Bread for the World, and the Ripon Society. He also served as Chairman of the Agent Orange Settlement Fund and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.[27]

Although he was pressured by some to run for Governor of Virginia, where he had lived for 20 years, in 1992 Hagel moved back to Nebraska to become president of the McCarthy Group, LLC, an investment banking firm.[28] He also served as a chairman and was CEO of American Information Systems Inc. (AIS), later known as Election Systems & Software, a computerized voting machine manufacturer jointly owned by McCarthy Group, LLC and the Omaha World-Herald company.[27][29] On March 15, 1995, Hagel resigned from the board of AIS as he intended to run for office.[30] Michael McCarthy, the parent company's founder, was Hagel's campaign treasurer.[31] Until at least 2003, he retained between $1 million and $5 million in stock in Election Systems & Software's parent company, the McCarthy Group.[32]

U.S. Senate (1997–2009) edit

Elections edit

Main article: 1996 United States Senate election in Nebraska

In 1996, Hagel ran for the open US Senate seat created by the retirement of Democrat J. James Exon. Hagel's opponent was Ben Nelson, then the sitting governor of Nebraska. Hagel won and became the first Republican in 24 years to win a Senate seat in Nebraska. Six years later, in 2002, Hagel overwhelmingly won re-election with over 83% of the vote, the largest margin of victory in any statewide race in Nebraska history.

Senate voting record edit

 
Hagel's portrait as a senator.

According to David Boaz, of the Cato Institute, during the Bush administration, Hagel maintained a "traditionally Republican" voting record, receiving "a lifetime rating of 84 percent from the American Conservative Union and consistent A and B grades from the National Taxpayers Union."[33] On the Issues describes Hagel as a "libertarian-leaning conservative."[34] According to Boaz, among his most notable votes, Hagel:

Foreign policy edit

Hagel co-sponsored the failed Kosovo Resolution, authorizing the use of U.S. military force against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[41]

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Hagel voted in favor of Senate Joint Resolution 23, authorizing "necessary and appropriate U.S. Military force" in Afghanistan against those who planned or aided the September 11 attacks.[42] During his tenure in the Senate, Hagel continued his support for NATO involvement, and funding in the War in Afghanistan.[43] In a 2009 The Washington Post op-ed after being nominated as Chairman of President Obama's Intelligence advisory board, Hagel said that "We cannot view U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan through a lens that sees only 'winning' or 'losing,' Iraq and Afghanistan are not America's to win or lose." And that "We can help them buy time or develop, but we cannot control their fates."[44] In 2011, after he left office, Hagel stated that President Obama needs to start "looking for the exit in Afghanistan", and that "We need to start winding this down."[45]

 
Hagel in a 2002 visit with Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and Afghan Minister of Women's Affairs Sima Samar

On October 11, 2002, Hagel, along with 76 other senators, voted in favor of the Iraq Resolution.[46] Hagel, a later critic of the war, commented on his vote authorizing the use of force against Iraq saying,

How many of us really know and understand much about Iraq, the country, the history, the people, the role in the Arab world? I approach the issue of post-Saddam Iraq and the future of democracy and stability in the Middle East with more caution, realism, and a bit more humility.[47]

In July 2007, Hagel was one of three Republican senators who supported Democratic-proposed legislation requiring a troop withdrawal from Iraq to begin within 120 days. He told Robert D. Novak "This thing is really coming undone quickly, and [Prime Minister] Maliki's government is weaker by the day. The police are corrupt, top to bottom. The oil problem is a huge problem. They still can't get anything through the parliament—no hydrocarbon law, no de-Baathification law, no provincial elections."[48] In 2008, along with then-Senator (and presumptive Democratic nominee for president) Barack Obama, and Senator Jack Reed (D-RI), Hagel visited Iraq in a congressional delegation trip, meeting with U.S. service members, General David Petraeus, and the Prime Minister of Iraq Nouri al-Maliki.[49] While talking to reporters in Iraq, Hagel said, "Each one of us who has a responsibility of helping lead this country needs to reflect on what we think is in the interests of our country, not the interest of our party or our president."[50]

National security edit

In his first term in the Senate, Hagel voted in favor of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Threat Reduction Act, establishing criminal penalties for possession of Chemical or Biological weapons, and he cosponsored the American Missile Protection Act, deploying an effective National Missile Defense system capable of defending the U.S. against limited ballistic missile attacks.[51][52] Hagel voted to establish the United States Department of Homeland Security, and supported increasing Defense Department spending, voting in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act every year he served in the Senate.[43][53] Hagel voted for spending increases in preventing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria funding, and voting against caps on the U.S.'s foreign aid budget.[54][55]

Veterans affairs edit

In 2007, Hagel introduced Senate Amendment 2032, amending the Defense Authorization bill limiting the deployment of U.S. service members serving in Iraq to 12 months. The amendment needed 60 votes in the Senate to pass, and was ultimately defeated in a 52–45 vote.[56] In 2008, Hagel was a principal co-sponsor with two other veterans in the Senate of Senator Jim Webb's "21st Century GI Bill" which passed Congress as the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008, expanding education assistance to veterans who served after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.[57][58] During his tenure in the Senate, Hagel supported the military's "Don't ask, don't tell" policy, barring openly LGBT members of the armed forces from serving, but was later described as "pro-ending don't ask, don't tell."[59]

Civil liberties edit

In 2001, Hagel voted in favor of the Patriot Act.[60] Although Hagel originally indicated a "nay" vote in reauthorizing expiring provisions of the Patriot Act in 2006,[61] Hagel voted in favor of reauthorization.[62] After calls from the Bush Administration for the House and Senate to reform FISA, the House introduced the Protect America Act of 2007, expanding provisions allowing electronic surveillance of foreigners outside of the U.S. with a warrant. In a 68–29 vote, the Protect America Act of 2007 passed the Senate, with Hagel voting to expand FISA's provisions on warrantless surveillance.[63]

Hagel voted in favor of Senate Amendment 2022, restoring habeas corpus, the right to due process, to American citizens detained at Guantanamo Bay detention camp, but voted against a similar resolution restoring it to all prisoners detained at Guantanamo.[64][65] In response to the Bush Administration's intentions to keep Guantanamo Bay open permanently, Hagel said the military prison is why the U.S. is "losing the image war around the world," and that "It's identifiable with, for right or wrong, a part of America that people in the world believe is a power, an empire that pushes people around, we do it our way, we don't live up to our commitments to multilateral institutions."[66]

Immigration edit

Hagel co-sponsored the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006.[67] He supported the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 and, with Senator Bob Menendez proposed an amendment to allow immigration authorities to consider family-unification petitions submitted by people for an additional two years, which would have allowed approximately estimated 833,000 additional individuals to seek permanent residency. The proposal received 51 votes but was defeated by a procedural maneuver.[68] The bill failed to pass.[69] Hagel voted in favor of the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which aimed to build a 700-mile (1,100 km) double fence along the Mexico–United States border and appropriated $1.2 billion for the fence and a systematic surveillance system.[70]

Committee assignments edit

Criticism of Bush administration edit

On August 18, 2005, Hagel compared the Iraq War to Vietnam, and openly mocked Vice President Dick Cheney's assertion that the Iraqi insurgency was in its "last throes."[71] In November 2005, Hagel defended his criticism of the Iraq war, stating "To question your government is not unpatriotic — to not question your government is unpatriotic."[72] In December 2005, in reference to Bush, the Republican Party, and the Patriot Act, Hagel stated "I took an oath of office to the Constitution, I didn't take an oath of office to my party or my president."[73]

 
Senator Chuck Hagel arriving at Camp Ramadi, during a 2008 visit to U.S. Service members in Iraq

In January 2006, Hagel took issue with Karl Rove's statement that the Republican and Democratic worldviews were "post-9/11" and "pre-9/11", respectively. Hagel stated, "I didn't like what Mr. Rove said, because it frames terrorism and the issue of terrorism and everything that goes with it, whether it's the renewal of the Patriot Act or the NSA wiretapping, in a political context."[74]

In July 2006, Hagel criticized the Bush administration on its handling of the 2006 Lebanon War, saying "The sickening slaughter on both sides must end and it must end now. President Bush must call for an immediate cease-fire. This madness must stop." He also said "Our relationship with Israel is special and historic... But it need not and cannot be at the expense of our Arab and Muslim relationships. That is an irresponsible and dangerous false choice."[75]

Following heavy Republican losses in the 2006 midterm election, Hagel penned an editorial in The Washington Post highly critical of military strategies both employed and proposed for Iraq. He wrote that "There will be no victory or defeat for the United States in Iraq," and called for a "phased troop withdrawal."[76] According to a SurveyUSA poll, in August 2006 Hagel had a 10% higher approval rating among Nebraska Democrats than Republicans.[77][78]

In January 2007, Hagel openly criticized President Bush's plan to send an additional 20,000 troops to Iraq. He called it "the most dangerous foreign policy blunder in this country since Vietnam, if it's carried out."[79] Together with Democrats Joe Biden and Carl Levin, he proposed a non-binding resolution to the Democratic-controlled Senate Foreign Relations Committee, which rejected Bush's policy as "not in the national interest" in a 12–9 vote.[80] After an April 2007 visit to Iraq with U.S. congressman Joe Sestak (D-PA), Hagel stated his belief that the occupation of Iraq should not continue indefinitely and expressed his intention to cooperate with Senate Democrats in voting for a bill that would set a timeline to get out of Iraq.[81]

In November 2007, he rated the Bush administration "the lowest in capacity, in capability, in policy, in consensus—almost every area" of any presidency in the last forty years.[82]

2008 presidential election edit

In the 2008 presidential election, Hagel was seen as a likely choice to hold a top cabinet position in a future John McCain or Barack Obama administration. In 2006, McCain told The New York Times that he would be "honored to have Chuck with me in any capacity. He'd make a great Secretary of State."[83][84][85]

Hagel was rumored to be a possible running mate for vice president for then Senator Barack Obama, in his 2008 presidential campaign.[86][87] On June 20, 2008, Hagel said he would consider running with Obama if offered the VP spot, though he added that he did not believe that Obama would pick him for the position.[88][89] At the time he also was mentioned as a potential United States Secretary of Defense to succeed incumbent Robert Gates in the Obama administration.[90][91] Hagel said that he would consider serving if asked.[92]

Hagel and Senator John McCain were close friends until 2007 when they diverged regarding Iraq policy; Hagel did not endorse McCain for President in the 2008 Republican primaries or in the general election.[93][94] Explaining his reason for not endorsing John McCain in the 2008 election, Hagel told The New Yorker, "In good conscience, I could not enthusiastically—honestly—go out and endorse him, when we so fundamentally disagree on the future course of our foreign policy and our role in the world."[93][95] In August 2008, Hagel indicated that he would not endorse either candidate or get involved in their campaigns.[96]

Retirement from U.S. Senate edit

During his first campaign, Hagel indicated that, were he to be elected, he would retire in 2008 after two terms in the Senate.[97] In August 2004 Hagel acknowledged that he was considering a presidential campaign in 2008.[98] In 2006 he cooperated with Charlyne Berens who wrote a biography titled Chuck Hagel: Moving Forward.[99] On September 10, 2007, Hagel announced that he would retire and not seek a third term. Hagel also remains the last person to serve two full terms in Nebraska's Class 2 Senate seat. He also declined to run for president in 2008. He decided to go into academia.[100][101][102]

Hiatus from public service (2009–2013) edit

 
Hagel speaking at a forum for the Law of the Sea Convention in Washington, D.C., May 9, 2012.

America: Our Next Chapter edit

In Hagel's 2008 book, America: Our Next Chapter: Tough Questions, Straight Answers (with Peter Kaminsky), he suggests that the United States should adopt independent leadership and possibly another political party. He also believes that the Iraq War is one of the five biggest blunders in U.S. history. Hagel is critical of George W. Bush's foreign policy, calling it "reckless." He has been a major critic of the war since it started, and has stated that the United States should learn from its mistakes in the Vietnam War. He considered Bush's foreign policy a "ping pong game with American lives."[103]

Service in academia and on boards of directors edit

Following Hagel's retirement from the Senate, in February 2009 he accepted a position as Distinguished Professor in National Governance at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.[104] He was chairman of the Atlantic Council, a foreign policy think tank; co-chairman of President Obama's Intelligence Advisory Board; a member of the Defense Department's Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee and the Energy Departments Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future; a member of The Washington Center's board of directors; and a member of the Public Broadcasting Service's board of directors. In the private sector, he served on the board of directors of Chevron Corporation, Deutsche Bank's Americas Advisory Board, and the advisory board of Corsair Capital, and was a director of the Zurich Holding Company of America and a senior advisor to McCarthy Capital Corporation.[105] In October 2012, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta asked Hagel to chair an advisory committee for the Vietnam War 50th anniversary commemoration. While a Senator, Hagel co-sponsored the bill creating the commemoration committee.[58]

Hagel identifies with Ronald Reagan's nuclear disarmament policies and was an initial signatory to the Global Zero campaign which advocates the international elimination of nuclear weaponry.[106][107] He also served on the board of the Ploughshares Fund, which pursues the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and seeks to prevent their use.[108]

Endorsement of Senate candidates edit

In 2010, Hagel endorsed Democratic Pennsylvania congressman Joe Sestak in his run for the United States Senate.[109] In 2012 he endorsed Democrat Bob Kerrey in the race for an open U.S. Senate seat in Nebraska.[110][111]

Secretary of Defense (2013–2015) edit

 
Hagel meeting with Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Martin Dempsey, and former Virginia Senator John Warner
 
Hagel with Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi and General al-Sisi in Cairo, April 24, 2013
 
Hagel with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem, May 16, 2014
 
Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel presents Japan's minister of defense Itsunori Onodera with a University of Nebraska Omaha tennis shirt at the joint press availability at the United States Department of Defense Washington, DC on July 11, 2014. DoD photo taken by Casper Manlangit (Released)

President Obama nominated Hagel to succeed Leon Panetta and serve as his second term Secretary of Defense on January 7, 2013.[112] Hagel, who became, upon confirmation, the first former enlisted combat soldier to hold the office of Secretary of Defense, was interviewed by the Senate Armed Services Committee during a seven-and-a-half-hour hearing on January 31, 2013.[113]

Nomination process edit

Criticism of the nomination edit

According to Jon Swaine writing in The Daily Telegraph, Hagel has been accused of having "views [that] verged on anti-Semitic" due to his stating in a 2006 interview with Aaron David Miller that "[t]he Jewish lobby intimidates a lot of people [on Capitol Hill]",[114] and "I'm not an Israeli senator. I'm a United States senator."[115] Hagel later clarified these remarks saying he was referring to the Israel lobby.[116] Hagel also has been criticized by the American Jewish Committee for an incident in 1999 where he was the only senator not to sign an open letter to Russian President Boris Yeltsin threatening to cut aid to Russia if it did not take action against rising anti-Semitism in the country.[117] However, Hagel's refusal to sign the letter was consistent with his policy of never signing letters to foreign heads of state. Hagel, instead, wrote to Bill Clinton on this issue, saying "Anti-Semitism or any form of religious persecution should never be tolerated."[118]

Hagel was criticized by The Christian Science Monitor and many Republicans, including senator John McCain, for opposing some sanctions against Iran, and for calling for dialogue with Iran and Hamas.[119][120][121][122]

Some of Hagel's policy positions became the subject of heated debate in the Senate, including support of defense cuts, opposition to preemptive action against Iran, and support of talks with Hamas and Hezbollah. However, U.S. News & World Report cited public opinion polls and foreign policy experts to suggest that Hagel's views were within the mainstream of American foreign policy thought.[123] Opponents also complained of Hagel's 2011 call to have the Pentagon "pared down", saying that "[t]he Defense Department, I think in many ways, has been bloated."[124]

The Human Rights Campaign criticized Hagel for having a "consistent anti-LGBT" voting record in the Senate and for opposing President Bill Clinton's nomination of James Hormel as the U.S. Ambassador to Luxembourg, stating that Hormel was "openly, aggressively gay." The group demanded that Hagel apologize for this 1998 remark.[125] The Log Cabin Republicans ran full-page newspaper ads opposing Hagel's nomination.[126][127] Hagel apologized to Hormel in December 2012.[128] On January 24, 2013, Senator Jeanne Shaheen stated that Hagel will oppose restrictions on LGBT military family benefits.[129][130] Shortly thereafter, on February 13, 2013, the Senate's first openly LGBT member, Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) stated that after meeting with Hagel, she would support his nomination.[131]

Republican Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina predicted that Hagel would be "the most antagonistic Secretary of Defense toward the State of Israel in our nation's history" and called it an "in-your-face nomination."[119]

The New York Times reported that the media campaign opposing Hagel's appointment was financed by new groups including a conservative group, Americans for a Strong Defense and a gay rights group, Use Your Mandate. The donors of these groups were mostly anonymous and running advertisements on issues raised by critics. The Times described the campaign as "unmatched in the annals of modern presidential cabinet appointments".[132]

Support for the nomination edit

In December 2012, nine former United States ambassadors, including five former ambassadors to Israel, wrote a letter in support of nominating Hagel.[133][134] Brent Scowcroft, Anthony Zinni and nine other retired senior military officers signed a separate letter of support.[135] Robert Gates and Colin Powell also endorsed Hagel for the nomination, with Powell calling him "that kind of independent and bold leader who thinks in and out of the box" who can "deal with the strategic and resource challenges [the Department of Defense] will be facing over the next several years."[136] Rabbi Aryeh Azriel, the senior rabbi at Temple Israel in Omaha, Nebraska since 1988, wrote in a CNN article that "[Hagel's] record shows strong support for Israel" and that Hagel understands "the Israeli people and their desire to live in peace and security." He added that "Recent efforts to smear Chuck ... ultimately that hurts the long-term security of the state of Israel."[137]

Defenses of Hagel have included opinion pieces by writers Amy Davidson,[138] Thomas Friedman,[139] and Robert Wright, with Wright objecting to what he called "McCarthyite" smears against Hagel.[140] Jeremy Ben-Ami, President of the liberal lobby group J Street, said: "The notion that Chuck Hagel is anti-Israel is ludicrous. The notion that he is anti-Semitic is slanderous."[120] Harvard University Professor Stephen Walt, co-author of a 2007 book critical of the Israeli lobby wrote in Foreign Policy that "The real meaning of the Hagel affair is what it says about the climate inside Washington. Simply put, the question is whether supine and reflexive support for all things Israeli remains a prerequisite for important policy positions here in the Land of the Free."[141]

Commentators at The American Conservative[142][143][144] and Pat Buchanan[145] endorsed Hagel. Hagel's nomination received support from Antiwar.com founder Justin Raimondo and the libertarian think tank Cato Institute;[146] Justin Logan, director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, expressed the hope that Hagel's confirmation might "loosen the neoconservative stranglehold on the GOP."[147]

Senate hearing and votes edit

 
Leon Panetta with President Barack Obama, after announcing his nomination of Chuck Hagel as the next Defense Secretary at the White House, January 7, 2013.

During his Senate hearing opening statement Hagel said that he endorsed use of American military power, supported Israel and supported using special operations forces and unmanned combat aerial vehicles ("drones") on terrorist groups in Yemen, Somalia and North Africa. He stated "I believe, and always have, that America must engage—not retreat—in the world". During the hearing he explained his 2001 and 2002 votes against unilateral American sanctions on Iran as being for strategic reasons. He said he supported President Obama's drawing down troops in Afghanistan and said he would do "everything possible under current law" to support gay and women service members equal benefits and combat roles.[113][148]

Hagel faced sharp questioning from Republicans. Senator John McCain berated him for refusing to give a yes or no answer to the question of whether the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 was a success. Senator Lindsey Graham demanded he "name one dumb thing we've been goaded into doing because of the pressure from the Israeli or Jewish lobby."[113] Hagel stated "I've already said I regret referencing the Jewish lobby, I should have said, 'pro-Israel lobby. ... The use of 'intimidation'—I should have used 'influence.' I think that would have been more appropriate. I should not have said 'dumb' or 'stupid,' because I understand or appreciate there are other views on these things.".[149] Senator Ted Cruz played video excerpts from a 2009 Al Jazeera interview and asserted that Hagel had agreed with a caller who suggested that Israel had committed war crimes. Hagel denied he agreed with that view.[113] After the hearing, Cruz organized a letter from 25 Republican senators saying they would not vote until Hagel gave them copies of speeches given to organizations and told them the amount he was paid and whether the organizations received money from foreign sources. Lindsey Graham said they wanted to know if he spoke for any "anti-Israel" groups. Senate Committee chair Carl Levin said the demands were unprecedented, asking "for information no prior nominee has been asked for," and expressed confidence Hagel would be approved by the Senate.[150][151]

Cloture and final vote edit

Despite the committee's February 12, 2013, 14-to-11 vote to approve Hagel, committee member James Inhofe vowed to use procedural tactics to delay a full Senate confirmation vote.[152] Inhofe told the National Review "Each day that goes by will make it more difficult for Democrats who say they are pro-Israel to hold out."[153] On February 14 Republicans refused to close debate on Hagel's nomination, which would require 60 votes, even though the nomination was assured the simple majority of votes needed to pass. Reasons given included a demand for more White House information about the 2012 Benghazi attack, remaining questions about Hagel's views on Iran and Israel, and assertions two weeks after the hearings was insufficient time. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said the Republicans were politically motivated[154] and that the vote would proceed after the recess.[155]

Senate Republicans successfully filibustered his nomination after a cloture vote failed 58–40 with one present and one not voting. This filibuster marked the first time a nominee for Secretary of Defense was successfully filibustered.[156]

The Senate voted 71-27 for cloture on Hagel's nomination on February 26, 2013.[157][158] Later that day the Senate voted to make Hagel the Secretary of Defense by a vote of 58–41.[9][159][160]

Criticism of the process edit

The hearings were criticized in the media. In Time magazine Brandon Friedman presented a chart showing that Israel was mentioned 106 times while Afghanistan was mentioned only 24 times; nuclear-armed Pakistan was barely mentioned. Friedman asked if the Senate committee was more concerned with Hagel's "relationship with Israel than with the future of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the fate of U.S. troops engaged in both locations."[161] A Michael McGough Op-Ed in the Los Angeles Times was titled "Hagel hearings: Is Israel more important than Afghanistan?"[162] Gene Healy in Reason called the hearings "farcical" and wrote there was "plenty of bloviating, grandstanding and browbeating—but, apparently, not enough time for serious deliberation over key policy questions facing any new Pentagon chief."[163]

Mark Mardell, the BBC News North America editor, criticized the "whole process, which has been used not to examine a candidate's fitness for high office, but to underline the rather obvious fact that the Obama administration does not share the world view of Republican senators, and they don't like their former colleague joining it."[164] Mardell noted the senators repeatedly "insisted he gave a simple 'yes' or 'no' to complex questions. These are old men who hold themselves in high regard, but seem to see serious examination of difficult problems as a personal affront. They desperately want to play 'gotcha', but haven't the self-restraint to design effective questions." Mardell called Senator Hagel "equally unimpressive, almost unprepared, for a level of hostility that had been signalled long in advance. Neither smart, nor humble, his tactic seemed to be a kind of bumbling blandness." According to Mardell, only Cruz was effective and well-prepared, as "he ripped into the nominee with all the skill honed as a Texas solicitor general."[164]

Tenure edit

 
Hagel starts his day reading newspaper excerpts in the Early Bird, (The U.S. Department of Defense early morning newspaper.) in Kabul, Afghanistan, March 9, 2013

Hagel was sworn in on February 27, 2013, taking over from Leon Panetta.

In May 2013, during a visit to Asian countries whose "main doubt" was American staying power in the region, Hagel called the decline of American military power a "good thing", because it forced American allies to share responsibilities.[165][166]

On July 31, 2013, Hagel announced the results of his Strategic Choices and Management Review, undertaken in response to the budget sequestration in 2013.[167] One of the options he highlighted was to reduce the navy's aircraft carrier groups down from 11 to as little as eight.[168]

On August 27, 2013, Hagel told the BBC that the United States was ready to launch a strike against Syria if given the orders.[169]

 
Hagel shakes hands with Turkish General Erdal Öztürk. Öztürk was later arrested in connection with the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.

Hagel has pushed National Guard leadership to provide benefits for same-sex domestic partnerships, as directed by the Department of Defense.[170]

Speaking at the Halifax International Security Forum in November 2013,[171] Hagel announced the Pentagon's new Arctic strategy[172] emphasizing the commitment of the United States to "detect, deter, prevent and defeat threats to the United States, and continue to exercise US sovereignty in and around Alaska".[173] He also called for more international cooperation to protect the Arctic's environment[174] and to keep the region "peaceful, stable and free of conflict".[175]

 
Chuck Hagel and Ursula von der Leyen at the September 2014 NATO summit in Newport, Wales

In December 2013, after the suspension of an Association Agreement with the EU by the Ukrainian Government of President Victor Yanukovych in November 2013 had led to massive protests, Hagel in a phone call warned the Ukrainian Minister of Defense Pavlo Lebedyev "not to use the armed forces of Ukraine against the civilian population in any fashion".[176] After Yanukovych's impeachment and the beginning of the Crimean crisis in February 2014, Hagel warned Russia against military maneuvers "that could be misinterpreted, or lead to miscalculation during a very delicate time".[177] In several phone calls with the Russian Minister of Defense Sergey Shoygu[178][179][180] Hagel expressed deep concerns about Russian military activities near the Ukrainian border and called for an end of any "destabilizing influence inside Ukraine". He was assured by Shoygu that the Russian army would not invade Ukraine.[181] Speaking in April 2023, Hagel said that unfortunately in 2014 the Ukrainian armed forces were in no condition to receive advanced weaponry in order to reverse the course of events.[182]

In May 2014, speaking at the Wilson Center on the future of NATO, Hagel focused on the alliance's imbalance in defense spending and called for "renewed financial commitments from all NATO members". According to Hagel, the alliance "should expect Russia to test our alliance's purpose, stamina and commitment":[183][184][185]

Since the end of the Cold War, America’s military spending has become increasingly disproportionate within the Alliance. Today, America’s GDP is smaller than the combined GDPs of our 27 NATO Allies, but America’s defense spending is three times our Allies’ combined defense spending. Over time, this lopsided burden threatens NATO’s integrity, cohesion, and capability – and, ultimately, both European and transatlantic security. Many of NATO’s smaller members have pledged to increase their defense investment.. but the Alliance cannot afford for Europe’s larger economies and most militarily capable Allies not to do the same, particularly as transatlantic economies grow stronger. We must see renewed financial commitments from all NATO members.

Hagel was not insensitive to the European dependence on Russian natural gas and consequent exposure to "Russia’s coercive energy policies". In fact he saw even then an opportunity for North American producers. NATO's European allies were "positioned" to reduce their natural gas imports from Russia by more than 25% and the U.S. Department of Energy had conditionally approved export permits for American liquefied natural gas that add up to more than half of Europe’s gas imports from Russia.[185]

Hagel was instrumental in formulating the 2014 NATO Wales summit declaration, in which the Allies agreed to increase (over a period of ten years) their defence expenditures.[186] The target of 2% GDP, formulated as a trial balloon at the 2006 NATO Riga summit by then-NATO Ambassador Victoria Nuland,[187] had been scorned by most in Europe, for example Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. Only three alliance members did so in 2014.[188] In light of the crisis in Ukraine, the issue had assumed increased political relevance.[187]

 
Chuck Hagel with IDF General Benny Gantz and Moshe Ya'alon

During his time as Secretary of Defense, he was known for the close relationship he formed with Israeli defense officials, in particular Moshe Ya'alon, who described Hagel as a 'true friend'.[189] Even as his relations with the White House deteriorated, Hagel was positively viewed by Israeli military officials, which was seen as a stark contrast to the way Hagel was perceived by some in Washington prior to his appointment.[189]

Resignation edit

On November 24, 2014, The New York Times reported that Hagel would be resigning from his position as Secretary of Defense under pressure from the Obama administration, in particular because of a dispute with NSA Advisor Susan E. Rice over Syria policy. The administration under Hagel's watch had struggled to articulate a strategy to defeat ISIL in both Iraq and Syria.[190] Later that day, President Obama announced Hagel's resignation and thanked him for his service. Hagel said in a statement, "You should know I did not make this decision lightly. But after much discussion, the President and I agreed that now was the right time for new leadership here at the Pentagon."[191][192][193]

Hagel did not deny rumors that Obama asked for his resignation, but he explicitly contended that it was a "mutual decision" between him and President Obama.[194] Senator John McCain offered his own insight: Hagel was frustrated with the White House decision-making process, national security policy, and "excessive micromanagement" within the White House.[195] In December 2015, during an interview with Foreign Policy, Hagel stated he was "backstabbed" and accused Obama administration officials of making anonymous comments after his resignation in an effort to destroy his reputation.[196]

Hagel continued in post until the confirmation of his successor, Ash Carter, in February 2015.

Retirement edit

In 2019 Hagel funded the annual Hagel Lecture at the University of Chicago Project for Security and Threats,[182] and on 17 October 2019 gave a keynote speech at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in Hamburg to address: "How healthy is the ocean’s constitution? 25 Years of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea".[197]

2020 presidential election edit

In 2020, Hagel, along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials, signed a statement that asserted that President Trump was unfit to serve another term, and "To that end, we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States, and we will vote for him."[198]

Hagel, along with more than 100 Republican former national security officials, signed a letter in November 2020 that stated that the delay of the presidential transition imperiled the security of the nation. The 9/11 Commission finding that the shortened transition to the administration of George W. Bush during the disputed 2000 presidential election "hampered the new administration in identifying, recruiting, clearing, and obtaining Senate confirmation of key appointees" was mentioned in the statement.[199]

Hagel, along with all other former secretaries of defense, nine in total, published a Washington Post op-ed piece in January 2021 telling President Trump not to involve the military in determining the outcome of the 2020 elections.[200]

Awards and honors edit

In 2001, Hagel was awarded the Horatio Alger Award for Distinguished Americans.[201] He was also granted the title of Nebraska Admiral by Nebraska's governor, an honorary title, considering Nebraska is a landlocked state.

On June 7, 2001, Hagel gave the commencement address for North Central College and was given an honorary L.L.D.[202] He was the keynote speaker at the College of William & Mary's Charter Day in 2007, at which he was awarded an honorary degree of Public Service.[203] On March 3, 2008, he led a town meeting on domestic and foreign policy issues at the University of Maryland, at which the Center for American Politics and Citizenship (CAPC) gave him the Millard Tydings Award for Courage and Leadership in American Politics.[204] Hagel served as the 2010 Clifford P. Case Professor of Public Affairs at Rutgers University's Eagleton Institute of Politics, speaking at public programs in New Brunswick and Newark, New Jersey.[205]

Hagel was also the featured speaker at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Chemistry Council at Colorado Springs.

Personal life edit

Hagel has two younger brothers: Thomas, a professor at the University of Dayton School of Law,[206] and Michael, an artist resident in Omaha, Nebraska.[207] Hagel's third brother, James, died in an automobile accident at the age of 16.[208] Hagel was raised in the Roman Catholic faith, but converted to Episcopalianism.[209]

In 1979, Hagel married Patricia Lloyd. The couple separated in 1981 and divorced a year later.[210] He married his second wife, Lilibet Ziller, in April 1985. The couple live with their daughter, Allyn, and son, Ziller, in McLean, Virginia.[211]

While a Senator, Hagel had a tradition of wearing costumes to work on Halloween, usually masquerading as one of his colleagues or other notable political figures, including Joe Biden, John McCain, Colin Powell, and Pat Roberts in past years.[212] He gave back a portion of his salary for the 2013 fiscal year in solidarity with his department's workers who were facing 14 days of furloughs.[213]

Hagel is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.[214] In October 2022, Hagel joined Issue One's Council for Responsible Social Media project to address the negative mental, civic, and public health impacts of social media in the United States co-chaired by former House Democratic Caucus Leader Dick Gephardt and former Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey.[215][216]

Electoral history edit

1996 edit

Republican United States Senatorial Primary Election in Nebraska, 1996[217]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Chuck Hagel 112,953 62.24
Republican Don Stenberg 67,974 37.46
Republican Write-ins 544 0.30
Total votes 181,471 100.00
United States Senate election in Nebraska, 1996[218]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Chuck Hagel 379,933 56.14% +15.21%
Democratic Ben Nelson 281,904 41.65% −17.25%
Libertarian John DeCamp 9,483 1.40%
Natural Law Bill Dunn 4,806 0.71%
Write-ins 663 0.10%
Majority 98,029 14.48% −3.49%
Turnout 676,958
Republican gain from Democratic Swing

2002 edit

Republican United States Senatorial Primary Election in Nebraska, 2002[219]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Chuck Hagel (inc.) 144,160 100.00
Total votes 144,160 100.00
2002 United States Senate election in Nebraska[220]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Chuck Hagel (inc.) 397,438 82.76% +25.36%
Democratic Charlie A. Matulka 70,290 14.64% −27.96%
Libertarian John J. Graziano 7,423 1.55%
Independent Phil Chase 5,066 1.05%
Majority 327,148 68.13% +53.31%
Turnout 480,217
Republican hold Swing

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Further reading edit

External links edit

 
Wikisource has original works by or about:
Chuck Hagel
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chuck Hagel.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Chuck Hagel.
Documentaries, topic pages and databases
Selected speeches
  • Speech on U.S.-Iran Relations, Senate Speeches, U.S. Government, February 22, 2007
Selected news articles
  • Josh Rogin, Chuck Hagel does not like sanctions January 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Foreign Policy, December 17, 2012e
  • Bruck, Connie (November 3, 2008). "Odd Man Out: Chuck Hagel's Republican Exile". The Political Scene. The New Yorker. Vol. 84, no. 35. pp. 52–63.
  • Sen. Chuck Hagel Interview (video), The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, March 31, 2008
  • Hagel low on cash on hand, raising retirement issue, The Hill, January 30, 2007
  • Joseph Lelyveld, "The Heartland Dissident", New York Times Magazine, February 12, 2006
  • , The Washington Post, December 22, 2005
  • Interview C-SPAN Q&A, November 13, 2005
  • , The Hill, January 29, 2003
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Nebraska
(Class 2)
1996, 2002 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 2) from Nebraska
1997–2009
Served alongside: Bob Kerrey, Ben Nelson 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the Joint China Commission
2005–2007 		Succeeded by
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by Chair of the Atlantic Council
2009–2013 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board
2009–2013
Served alongside: David Boren 		Vacant
Title next held by
Shirley Jackson
Jami Miscik
Chair of the Intelligence Oversight Board
2009–2013 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by United States Secretary of Defense
2013–2015 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Cabinet Member Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Cabinet Member 		Succeeded byas Former US Cabinet Member

January 04, 2024
chuck, hagel, charles, timothy, hagel, gəl, born, october, 1946, american, military, veteran, former, politician, served, united, states, senator, from, nebraska, from, 1997, 2009, 24th, united, states, secretary, defense, from, 2013, 2015, obama, administrati. Charles Timothy Hagel ˈ h eɪ ɡ el HAY gel 2 born October 4 1946 3 is an American military veteran and former politician who served as a United States senator from Nebraska from 1997 to 2009 and as the 24th United States secretary of defense from 2013 to 2015 in the Obama administration 4 Chuck HagelOfficial portrait 201324th United States Secretary of DefenseIn office February 27 2013 February 17 2015PresidentBarack ObamaDeputyAsh CarterChristine Fox acting Robert O WorkPreceded byLeon PanettaSucceeded byAsh CarterChair of the President s Intelligence Advisory BoardIn office October 28 2009 February 27 2013Served with David BorenPresidentBarack ObamaPreceded bySteve FriedmanSucceeded byShirley Ann JacksonJami Miscik 2014 Chair of the Intelligence Oversight BoardIn office October 28 2009 February 27 2013PresidentBarack ObamaPreceded bySteve FriedmanSucceeded byDan MeltzerUnited States Senatorfrom NebraskaIn office January 3 1997 January 3 2009Preceded byJ James ExonSucceeded byMike JohannsPersonal detailsBornCharles Timothy Hagel 1946 10 04 October 4 1946 age 77 North Platte Nebraska U S Political partyRepublicanSpousesPatricia Lloyd m 1979 div 1982 wbr Lilibet Ziller m 1985 wbr Children2EducationBrown InstituteUniversity of Nebraska Omaha BGS Military serviceBranch serviceUnited States ArmyYears of service1967 1968RankSergeantUnit2nd Battalion 47th Infantry Regiment9th Infantry Division 1 Battles warsVietnam War WIA AwardsPurple Heart x2 Army Commendation MedalVietnam Gallantry CrossCombat Infantryman BadgeChuck Hagel s voice source source Chuck Hagel testifies at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing on the AUMF Against SyriaRecorded September 3 2013A recipient of two Purple Hearts while an infantry squad leader in the Vietnam War Hagel returned home to start careers in business and politics He co founded Vanguard Cellular the primary source of his personal wealth and served as president of the McCarthy Group an investment banking firm and CEO of American Information Systems Inc a computerized voting machine manufacturer A member of the Republican Party Hagel was first elected to the United States Senate in 1996 He was reelected in 2002 but did not run in 2008 On January 7 2013 President Barack Obama nominated Hagel to serve as Secretary of Defense On February 12 2013 the Senate Armed Services Committee approved Hagel s nomination by a vote of 14 11 5 On February 14 2013 Senate Republicans did not vote with Democrats so there were not 60 votes needed to end the debate on Hagel s nomination and proceed to a final vote citing the need for further review It was the first time that a nominee for Secretary of Defense was filibustered 6 although candidates for other cabinet offices had been filibustered before 7 On February 26 2013 the Senate voted for cloture on Hagel s nomination and confirmed him by a vote of 58 41 8 9 He took office on February 27 2013 as his predecessor Leon Panetta stepped down 10 Hagel previously served as a professor at the Edmund A Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University chairman of the Atlantic Council and co chairman of the President s Intelligence Advisory Board Before his appointment as Secretary of Defense Hagel served on a number of boards of directors including that of Chevron Corporation On November 24 2014 it was announced that Hagel would resign following conflicts within the administration particularly relating to issues concerning ISIL 11 Contents 1 Early life education military and early political career 2 Business career 1982 1996 3 U S Senate 1997 2009 3 1 Elections 3 2 Senate voting record 3 2 1 Foreign policy 3 2 2 National security 3 2 3 Veterans affairs 3 2 4 Civil liberties 3 2 5 Immigration 3 3 Committee assignments 3 4 Criticism of Bush administration 3 5 2008 presidential election 3 6 Retirement from U S Senate 4 Hiatus from public service 2009 2013 4 1 America Our Next Chapter 4 2 Service in academia and on boards of directors 4 3 Endorsement of Senate candidates 5 Secretary of Defense 2013 2015 5 1 Nomination process 5 1 1 Criticism of the nomination 5 1 2 Support for the nomination 5 1 3 Senate hearing and votes 5 1 4 Cloture and final vote 5 1 5 Criticism of the process 5 2 Tenure 5 3 Resignation 6 Retirement 6 1 2020 presidential election 7 Awards and honors 8 Personal life 9 Electoral history 9 1 1996 9 2 2002 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksEarly life education military and early political career editHagel was born in North Platte Nebraska a son of Charles Dean Hagel and his wife Elizabeth Betty Dunn His father was of German heritage while his mother was of Irish and Polish ancestry 12 13 Growing up Hagel lived across Nebraska in Ainsworth Rushville Scottsbluff Terrytown York and Columbus 14 Hagel was the oldest of four brothers 15 His father a veteran of World War II died suddenly on Christmas morning 1962 at the age of 39 when Hagel was 16 16 He graduated from St Bonaventure High School now Scotus Central Catholic High School in Columbus Nebraska in 1964 attended Brown Institute for radio and TV through 1966 and earned a BGS degree with a concentration in history from the University of Nebraska at Omaha in 1971 3 failed verification 17 failed verification Hagel volunteered to be drafted into the United States Army during the Vietnam War rejecting a draft board recommendation that he go to college instead 18 He served in the United States Army infantry in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968 As a sergeant E 5 he served as an infantry squad leader in the 9th Infantry Division 19 Hagel served in the same infantry squad as his younger brother Tom and they are thought to be the only American brothers to have done so during the Vietnam War 20 They also saved each other s lives on separate occasions 20 Hagel received the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry two Purple Hearts the Army Commendation Medal and the Combat Infantryman Badge 21 After his discharge he worked as a radio newscaster and talk show host in Omaha from 1969 to 1971 22 while finishing college on Veterans Administration VA assistance under the GI Bill 23 In 1971 Hagel was hired as a staffer for Congressman John Y McCollister R NE serving until 1977 For the next four years he worked as a lobbyist for Firestone Tire and Rubber Company 24 and in 1980 he served as an organizer for the successful presidential campaign of former California Governor Ronald Reagan 24 After Reagan s inauguration as president Hagel was named deputy administrator of the Veterans Administration In 1982 however he resigned over a disagreement with VA Administrator Robert P Nimmo who was intent on cutting funding for VA programs Nimmo had referred to veterans groups as greedy and to Agent Orange as not much worse than a little teenage acne 25 Business career 1982 1996 editAfter leaving government employment Hagel co founded Vanguard Cellular a mobile phone service carrier that made him a multi millionaire 26 While working with Vanguard he served as president and chief executive officer of the United Service Organizations and the Private Sector Council as deputy director and chief operating officer of the 1990 G7 Summit and on the board of directors or advisory committee of the American Red Cross the Eisenhower World Affairs Institute Bread for the World and the Ripon Society He also served as Chairman of the Agent Orange Settlement Fund and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations 27 Although he was pressured by some to run for Governor of Virginia where he had lived for 20 years in 1992 Hagel moved back to Nebraska to become president of the McCarthy Group LLC an investment banking firm 28 He also served as a chairman and was CEO of American Information Systems Inc AIS later known as Election Systems amp Software a computerized voting machine manufacturer jointly owned by McCarthy Group LLC and the Omaha World Herald company 27 29 On March 15 1995 Hagel resigned from the board of AIS as he intended to run for office 30 Michael McCarthy the parent company s founder was Hagel s campaign treasurer 31 Until at least 2003 he retained between 1 million and 5 million in stock in Election Systems amp Software s parent company the McCarthy Group 32 U S Senate 1997 2009 editElections edit Main article 1996 United States Senate election in Nebraska In 1996 Hagel ran for the open US Senate seat created by the retirement of Democrat J James Exon Hagel s opponent was Ben Nelson then the sitting governor of Nebraska Hagel won and became the first Republican in 24 years to win a Senate seat in Nebraska Six years later in 2002 Hagel overwhelmingly won re election with over 83 of the vote the largest margin of victory in any statewide race in Nebraska history Senate voting record edit nbsp Hagel s portrait as a senator According to David Boaz of the Cato Institute during the Bush administration Hagel maintained a traditionally Republican voting record receiving a lifetime rating of 84 percent from the American Conservative Union and consistent A and B grades from the National Taxpayers Union 33 On the Issues describes Hagel as a libertarian leaning conservative 34 According to Boaz among his most notable votes Hagel Voted for the Patriot Act 35 Voted for the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts 36 37 Voted against No Child Left Behind 38 Voted against the Medicare prescription drug bill 39 Voted against McCain Feingold 40 Foreign policy edit Hagel co sponsored the failed Kosovo Resolution authorizing the use of U S military force against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 41 After the 9 11 terrorist attacks Hagel voted in favor of Senate Joint Resolution 23 authorizing necessary and appropriate U S Military force in Afghanistan against those who planned or aided the September 11 attacks 42 During his tenure in the Senate Hagel continued his support for NATO involvement and funding in the War in Afghanistan 43 In a 2009 The Washington Post op ed after being nominated as Chairman of President Obama s Intelligence advisory board Hagel said that We cannot view U S involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan through a lens that sees only winning or losing Iraq and Afghanistan are not America s to win or lose And that We can help them buy time or develop but we cannot control their fates 44 In 2011 after he left office Hagel stated that President Obama needs to start looking for the exit in Afghanistan and that We need to start winding this down 45 nbsp Hagel in a 2002 visit with Afghan President Hamid Karzai and Afghan Minister of Women s Affairs Sima SamarOn October 11 2002 Hagel along with 76 other senators voted in favor of the Iraq Resolution 46 Hagel a later critic of the war commented on his vote authorizing the use of force against Iraq saying How many of us really know and understand much about Iraq the country the history the people the role in the Arab world I approach the issue of post Saddam Iraq and the future of democracy and stability in the Middle East with more caution realism and a bit more humility 47 In July 2007 Hagel was one of three Republican senators who supported Democratic proposed legislation requiring a troop withdrawal from Iraq to begin within 120 days He told Robert D Novak This thing is really coming undone quickly and Prime Minister Maliki s government is weaker by the day The police are corrupt top to bottom The oil problem is a huge problem They still can t get anything through the parliament no hydrocarbon law no de Baathification law no provincial elections 48 In 2008 along with then Senator and presumptive Democratic nominee for president Barack Obama and Senator Jack Reed D RI Hagel visited Iraq in a congressional delegation trip meeting with U S service members General David Petraeus and the Prime Minister of Iraq Nouri al Maliki 49 While talking to reporters in Iraq Hagel said Each one of us who has a responsibility of helping lead this country needs to reflect on what we think is in the interests of our country not the interest of our party or our president 50 National security edit In his first term in the Senate Hagel voted in favor of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Threat Reduction Act establishing criminal penalties for possession of Chemical or Biological weapons and he cosponsored the American Missile Protection Act deploying an effective National Missile Defense system capable of defending the U S against limited ballistic missile attacks 51 52 Hagel voted to establish the United States Department of Homeland Security and supported increasing Defense Department spending voting in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act every year he served in the Senate 43 53 Hagel voted for spending increases in preventing HIV AIDS tuberculosis and malaria funding and voting against caps on the U S s foreign aid budget 54 55 Veterans affairs edit In 2007 Hagel introduced Senate Amendment 2032 amending the Defense Authorization bill limiting the deployment of U S service members serving in Iraq to 12 months The amendment needed 60 votes in the Senate to pass and was ultimately defeated in a 52 45 vote 56 In 2008 Hagel was a principal co sponsor with two other veterans in the Senate of Senator Jim Webb s 21st Century GI Bill which passed Congress as the Post 9 11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 expanding education assistance to veterans who served after the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks 57 58 During his tenure in the Senate Hagel supported the military s Don t ask don t tell policy barring openly LGBT members of the armed forces from serving but was later described as pro ending don t ask don t tell 59 Civil liberties edit In 2001 Hagel voted in favor of the Patriot Act 60 Although Hagel originally indicated a nay vote in reauthorizing expiring provisions of the Patriot Act in 2006 61 Hagel voted in favor of reauthorization 62 After calls from the Bush Administration for the House and Senate to reform FISA the House introduced the Protect America Act of 2007 expanding provisions allowing electronic surveillance of foreigners outside of the U S with a warrant In a 68 29 vote the Protect America Act of 2007 passed the Senate with Hagel voting to expand FISA s provisions on warrantless surveillance 63 Hagel voted in favor of Senate Amendment 2022 restoring habeas corpus the right to due process to American citizens detained at Guantanamo Bay detention camp but voted against a similar resolution restoring it to all prisoners detained at Guantanamo 64 65 In response to the Bush Administration s intentions to keep Guantanamo Bay open permanently Hagel said the military prison is why the U S is losing the image war around the world and that It s identifiable with for right or wrong a part of America that people in the world believe is a power an empire that pushes people around we do it our way we don t live up to our commitments to multilateral institutions 66 Immigration edit Hagel co sponsored the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 67 He supported the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 and with Senator Bob Menendez proposed an amendment to allow immigration authorities to consider family unification petitions submitted by people for an additional two years which would have allowed approximately estimated 833 000 additional individuals to seek permanent residency The proposal received 51 votes but was defeated by a procedural maneuver 68 The bill failed to pass 69 Hagel voted in favor of the Secure Fence Act of 2006 which aimed to build a 700 mile 1 100 km double fence along the Mexico United States border and appropriated 1 2 billion for the fence and a systematic surveillance system 70 Committee assignments edit Committee on Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs Subcommittee on African Affairs Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance Economic Affairs and International Environmental Protection Ranking Member Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Securities Insurance and Investment Subcommittee on Financial Institutions Ranking Member Subcommittee on Housing Transportation and Community Development Select Committee on Intelligence Committee on Rules and AdministrationCriticism of Bush administration edit On August 18 2005 Hagel compared the Iraq War to Vietnam and openly mocked Vice President Dick Cheney s assertion that the Iraqi insurgency was in its last throes 71 In November 2005 Hagel defended his criticism of the Iraq war stating To question your government is not unpatriotic to not question your government is unpatriotic 72 In December 2005 in reference to Bush the Republican Party and the Patriot Act Hagel stated I took an oath of office to the Constitution I didn t take an oath of office to my party or my president 73 nbsp Senator Chuck Hagel arriving at Camp Ramadi during a 2008 visit to U S Service members in IraqIn January 2006 Hagel took issue with Karl Rove s statement that the Republican and Democratic worldviews were post 9 11 and pre 9 11 respectively Hagel stated I didn t like what Mr Rove said because it frames terrorism and the issue of terrorism and everything that goes with it whether it s the renewal of the Patriot Act or the NSA wiretapping in a political context 74 In July 2006 Hagel criticized the Bush administration on its handling of the 2006 Lebanon War saying The sickening slaughter on both sides must end and it must end now President Bush must call for an immediate cease fire This madness must stop He also said Our relationship with Israel is special and historic But it need not and cannot be at the expense of our Arab and Muslim relationships That is an irresponsible and dangerous false choice 75 Following heavy Republican losses in the 2006 midterm election Hagel penned an editorial in The Washington Post highly critical of military strategies both employed and proposed for Iraq He wrote that There will be no victory or defeat for the United States in Iraq and called for a phased troop withdrawal 76 According to a SurveyUSA poll in August 2006 Hagel had a 10 higher approval rating among Nebraska Democrats than Republicans 77 78 In January 2007 Hagel openly criticized President Bush s plan to send an additional 20 000 troops to Iraq He called it the most dangerous foreign policy blunder in this country since Vietnam if it s carried out 79 Together with Democrats Joe Biden and Carl Levin he proposed a non binding resolution to the Democratic controlled Senate Foreign Relations Committee which rejected Bush s policy as not in the national interest in a 12 9 vote 80 After an April 2007 visit to Iraq with U S congressman Joe Sestak D PA Hagel stated his belief that the occupation of Iraq should not continue indefinitely and expressed his intention to cooperate with Senate Democrats in voting for a bill that would set a timeline to get out of Iraq 81 In November 2007 he rated the Bush administration the lowest in capacity in capability in policy in consensus almost every area of any presidency in the last forty years 82 2008 presidential election edit In the 2008 presidential election Hagel was seen as a likely choice to hold a top cabinet position in a future John McCain or Barack Obama administration In 2006 McCain told The New York Times that he would be honored to have Chuck with me in any capacity He d make a great Secretary of State 83 84 85 Hagel was rumored to be a possible running mate for vice president for then Senator Barack Obama in his 2008 presidential campaign 86 87 On June 20 2008 Hagel said he would consider running with Obama if offered the VP spot though he added that he did not believe that Obama would pick him for the position 88 89 At the time he also was mentioned as a potential United States Secretary of Defense to succeed incumbent Robert Gates in the Obama administration 90 91 Hagel said that he would consider serving if asked 92 Hagel and Senator John McCain were close friends until 2007 when they diverged regarding Iraq policy Hagel did not endorse McCain for President in the 2008 Republican primaries or in the general election 93 94 Explaining his reason for not endorsing John McCain in the 2008 election Hagel told The New Yorker In good conscience I could not enthusiastically honestly go out and endorse him when we so fundamentally disagree on the future course of our foreign policy and our role in the world 93 95 In August 2008 Hagel indicated that he would not endorse either candidate or get involved in their campaigns 96 Retirement from U S Senate edit During his first campaign Hagel indicated that were he to be elected he would retire in 2008 after two terms in the Senate 97 In August 2004 Hagel acknowledged that he was considering a presidential campaign in 2008 98 In 2006 he cooperated with Charlyne Berens who wrote a biography titled Chuck Hagel Moving Forward 99 On September 10 2007 Hagel announced that he would retire and not seek a third term Hagel also remains the last person to serve two full terms in Nebraska s Class 2 Senate seat He also declined to run for president in 2008 He decided to go into academia 100 101 102 Hiatus from public service 2009 2013 edit nbsp Hagel speaking at a forum for the Law of the Sea Convention in Washington D C May 9 2012 America Our Next Chapter edit In Hagel s 2008 book America Our Next Chapter Tough Questions Straight Answers with Peter Kaminsky he suggests that the United States should adopt independent leadership and possibly another political party He also believes that the Iraq War is one of the five biggest blunders in U S history Hagel is critical of George W Bush s foreign policy calling it reckless He has been a major critic of the war since it started and has stated that the United States should learn from its mistakes in the Vietnam War He considered Bush s foreign policy a ping pong game with American lives 103 Service in academia and on boards of directors edit Following Hagel s retirement from the Senate in February 2009 he accepted a position as Distinguished Professor in National Governance at the Edmund A Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington D C 104 He was chairman of the Atlantic Council a foreign policy think tank co chairman of President Obama s Intelligence Advisory Board a member of the Defense Department s Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee and the Energy Departments Blue Ribbon Commission on America s Nuclear Future a member of The Washington Center s board of directors and a member of the Public Broadcasting Service s board of directors In the private sector he served on the board of directors of Chevron Corporation Deutsche Bank s Americas Advisory Board and the advisory board of Corsair Capital and was a director of the Zurich Holding Company of America and a senior advisor to McCarthy Capital Corporation 105 In October 2012 Defense Secretary Leon Panetta asked Hagel to chair an advisory committee for the Vietnam War 50th anniversary commemoration While a Senator Hagel co sponsored the bill creating the commemoration committee 58 Hagel identifies with Ronald Reagan s nuclear disarmament policies and was an initial signatory to the Global Zero campaign which advocates the international elimination of nuclear weaponry 106 107 He also served on the board of the Ploughshares Fund which pursues the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and seeks to prevent their use 108 Endorsement of Senate candidates edit In 2010 Hagel endorsed Democratic Pennsylvania congressman Joe Sestak in his run for the United States Senate 109 In 2012 he endorsed Democrat Bob Kerrey in the race for an open U S Senate seat in Nebraska 110 111 Secretary of Defense 2013 2015 editThe neutrality of this section is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Hagel meeting with Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Martin Dempsey and former Virginia Senator John Warner nbsp Hagel with Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi and General al Sisi in Cairo April 24 2013 nbsp Hagel with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem May 16 2014 nbsp Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel presents Japan s minister of defense Itsunori Onodera with a University of Nebraska Omaha tennis shirt at the joint press availability at the United States Department of Defense Washington DC on July 11 2014 DoD photo taken by Casper Manlangit Released President Obama nominated Hagel to succeed Leon Panetta and serve as his second term Secretary of Defense on January 7 2013 112 Hagel who became upon confirmation the first former enlisted combat soldier to hold the office of Secretary of Defense was interviewed by the Senate Armed Services Committee during a seven and a half hour hearing on January 31 2013 113 Nomination process edit This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia s inclusion policy May 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Criticism of the nomination edit According to Jon Swaine writing in The Daily Telegraph Hagel has been accused of having views that verged on anti Semitic due to his stating in a 2006 interview with Aaron David Miller that t he Jewish lobby intimidates a lot of people on Capitol Hill 114 and I m not an Israeli senator I m a United States senator 115 Hagel later clarified these remarks saying he was referring to the Israel lobby 116 Hagel also has been criticized by the American Jewish Committee for an incident in 1999 where he was the only senator not to sign an open letter to Russian President Boris Yeltsin threatening to cut aid to Russia if it did not take action against rising anti Semitism in the country 117 However Hagel s refusal to sign the letter was consistent with his policy of never signing letters to foreign heads of state Hagel instead wrote to Bill Clinton on this issue saying Anti Semitism or any form of religious persecution should never be tolerated 118 Hagel was criticized by The Christian Science Monitor and many Republicans including senator John McCain for opposing some sanctions against Iran and for calling for dialogue with Iran and Hamas 119 120 121 122 Some of Hagel s policy positions became the subject of heated debate in the Senate including support of defense cuts opposition to preemptive action against Iran and support of talks with Hamas and Hezbollah However U S News amp World Report cited public opinion polls and foreign policy experts to suggest that Hagel s views were within the mainstream of American foreign policy thought 123 Opponents also complained of Hagel s 2011 call to have the Pentagon pared down saying that t he Defense Department I think in many ways has been bloated 124 The Human Rights Campaign criticized Hagel for having a consistent anti LGBT voting record in the Senate and for opposing President Bill Clinton s nomination of James Hormel as the U S Ambassador to Luxembourg stating that Hormel was openly aggressively gay The group demanded that Hagel apologize for this 1998 remark 125 The Log Cabin Republicans ran full page newspaper ads opposing Hagel s nomination 126 127 Hagel apologized to Hormel in December 2012 128 On January 24 2013 Senator Jeanne Shaheen stated that Hagel will oppose restrictions on LGBT military family benefits 129 130 Shortly thereafter on February 13 2013 the Senate s first openly LGBT member Tammy Baldwin D WI stated that after meeting with Hagel she would support his nomination 131 Republican Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina predicted that Hagel would be the most antagonistic Secretary of Defense toward the State of Israel in our nation s history and called it an in your face nomination 119 The New York Times reported that the media campaign opposing Hagel s appointment was financed by new groups including a conservative group Americans for a Strong Defense and a gay rights group Use Your Mandate The donors of these groups were mostly anonymous and running advertisements on issues raised by critics The Times described the campaign as unmatched in the annals of modern presidential cabinet appointments 132 Support for the nomination edit In December 2012 nine former United States ambassadors including five former ambassadors to Israel wrote a letter in support of nominating Hagel 133 134 Brent Scowcroft Anthony Zinni and nine other retired senior military officers signed a separate letter of support 135 Robert Gates and Colin Powell also endorsed Hagel for the nomination with Powell calling him that kind of independent and bold leader who thinks in and out of the box who can deal with the strategic and resource challenges the Department of Defense will be facing over the next several years 136 Rabbi Aryeh Azriel the senior rabbi at Temple Israel in Omaha Nebraska since 1988 wrote in a CNN article that Hagel s record shows strong support for Israel and that Hagel understands the Israeli people and their desire to live in peace and security He added that Recent efforts to smear Chuck ultimately that hurts the long term security of the state of Israel 137 Defenses of Hagel have included opinion pieces by writers Amy Davidson 138 Thomas Friedman 139 and Robert Wright with Wright objecting to what he called McCarthyite smears against Hagel 140 Jeremy Ben Ami President of the liberal lobby group J Street said The notion that Chuck Hagel is anti Israel is ludicrous The notion that he is anti Semitic is slanderous 120 Harvard University Professor Stephen Walt co author of a 2007 book critical of the Israeli lobby wrote in Foreign Policy that The real meaning of the Hagel affair is what it says about the climate inside Washington Simply put the question is whether supine and reflexive support for all things Israeli remains a prerequisite for important policy positions here in the Land of the Free 141 Commentators at The American Conservative 142 143 144 and Pat Buchanan 145 endorsed Hagel Hagel s nomination received support from Antiwar com founder Justin Raimondo and the libertarian think tank Cato Institute 146 Justin Logan director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute expressed the hope that Hagel s confirmation might loosen the neoconservative stranglehold on the GOP 147 Senate hearing and votes edit nbsp Leon Panetta with President Barack Obama after announcing his nomination of Chuck Hagel as the next Defense Secretary at the White House January 7 2013 During his Senate hearing opening statement Hagel said that he endorsed use of American military power supported Israel and supported using special operations forces and unmanned combat aerial vehicles drones on terrorist groups in Yemen Somalia and North Africa He stated I believe and always have that America must engage not retreat in the world During the hearing he explained his 2001 and 2002 votes against unilateral American sanctions on Iran as being for strategic reasons He said he supported President Obama s drawing down troops in Afghanistan and said he would do everything possible under current law to support gay and women service members equal benefits and combat roles 113 148 Hagel faced sharp questioning from Republicans Senator John McCain berated him for refusing to give a yes or no answer to the question of whether the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 was a success Senator Lindsey Graham demanded he name one dumb thing we ve been goaded into doing because of the pressure from the Israeli or Jewish lobby 113 Hagel stated I ve already said I regret referencing the Jewish lobby I should have said pro Israel lobby The use of intimidation I should have used influence I think that would have been more appropriate I should not have said dumb or stupid because I understand or appreciate there are other views on these things 149 Senator Ted Cruz played video excerpts from a 2009 Al Jazeera interview and asserted that Hagel had agreed with a caller who suggested that Israel had committed war crimes Hagel denied he agreed with that view 113 After the hearing Cruz organized a letter from 25 Republican senators saying they would not vote until Hagel gave them copies of speeches given to organizations and told them the amount he was paid and whether the organizations received money from foreign sources Lindsey Graham said they wanted to know if he spoke for any anti Israel groups Senate Committee chair Carl Levin said the demands were unprecedented asking for information no prior nominee has been asked for and expressed confidence Hagel would be approved by the Senate 150 151 Cloture and final vote edit Despite the committee s February 12 2013 14 to 11 vote to approve Hagel committee member James Inhofe vowed to use procedural tactics to delay a full Senate confirmation vote 152 Inhofe told the National Review Each day that goes by will make it more difficult for Democrats who say they are pro Israel to hold out 153 On February 14 Republicans refused to close debate on Hagel s nomination which would require 60 votes even though the nomination was assured the simple majority of votes needed to pass Reasons given included a demand for more White House information about the 2012 Benghazi attack remaining questions about Hagel s views on Iran and Israel and assertions two weeks after the hearings was insufficient time Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said the Republicans were politically motivated 154 and that the vote would proceed after the recess 155 Senate Republicans successfully filibustered his nomination after a cloture vote failed 58 40 with one present and one not voting This filibuster marked the first time a nominee for Secretary of Defense was successfully filibustered 156 The Senate voted 71 27 for cloture on Hagel s nomination on February 26 2013 157 158 Later that day the Senate voted to make Hagel the Secretary of Defense by a vote of 58 41 9 159 160 Criticism of the process edit The hearings were criticized in the media In Time magazine Brandon Friedman presented a chart showing that Israel was mentioned 106 times while Afghanistan was mentioned only 24 times nuclear armed Pakistan was barely mentioned Friedman asked if the Senate committee was more concerned with Hagel s relationship with Israel than with the future of Afghanistan Pakistan and the fate of U S troops engaged in both locations 161 A Michael McGough Op Ed in the Los Angeles Times was titled Hagel hearings Is Israel more important than Afghanistan 162 Gene Healy in Reason called the hearings farcical and wrote there was plenty of bloviating grandstanding and browbeating but apparently not enough time for serious deliberation over key policy questions facing any new Pentagon chief 163 Mark Mardell the BBC News North America editor criticized the whole process which has been used not to examine a candidate s fitness for high office but to underline the rather obvious fact that the Obama administration does not share the world view of Republican senators and they don t like their former colleague joining it 164 Mardell noted the senators repeatedly insisted he gave a simple yes or no to complex questions These are old men who hold themselves in high regard but seem to see serious examination of difficult problems as a personal affront They desperately want to play gotcha but haven t the self restraint to design effective questions Mardell called Senator Hagel equally unimpressive almost unprepared for a level of hostility that had been signalled long in advance Neither smart nor humble his tactic seemed to be a kind of bumbling blandness According to Mardell only Cruz was effective and well prepared as he ripped into the nominee with all the skill honed as a Texas solicitor general 164 Tenure edit nbsp Hagel starts his day reading newspaper excerpts in the Early Bird The U S Department of Defense early morning newspaper in Kabul Afghanistan March 9 2013Hagel was sworn in on February 27 2013 taking over from Leon Panetta In May 2013 during a visit to Asian countries whose main doubt was American staying power in the region Hagel called the decline of American military power a good thing because it forced American allies to share responsibilities 165 166 On July 31 2013 Hagel announced the results of his Strategic Choices and Management Review undertaken in response to the budget sequestration in 2013 167 One of the options he highlighted was to reduce the navy s aircraft carrier groups down from 11 to as little as eight 168 On August 27 2013 Hagel told the BBC that the United States was ready to launch a strike against Syria if given the orders 169 nbsp Hagel shakes hands with Turkish General Erdal Ozturk Ozturk was later arrested in connection with the 2016 Turkish coup d etat attempt Hagel has pushed National Guard leadership to provide benefits for same sex domestic partnerships as directed by the Department of Defense 170 Speaking at the Halifax International Security Forum in November 2013 171 Hagel announced the Pentagon s new Arctic strategy 172 emphasizing the commitment of the United States to detect deter prevent and defeat threats to the United States and continue to exercise US sovereignty in and around Alaska 173 He also called for more international cooperation to protect the Arctic s environment 174 and to keep the region peaceful stable and free of conflict 175 nbsp Chuck Hagel and Ursula von der Leyen at the September 2014 NATO summit in Newport WalesIn December 2013 after the suspension of an Association Agreement with the EU by the Ukrainian Government of President Victor Yanukovych in November 2013 had led to massive protests Hagel in a phone call warned the Ukrainian Minister of Defense Pavlo Lebedyev not to use the armed forces of Ukraine against the civilian population in any fashion 176 After Yanukovych s impeachment and the beginning of the Crimean crisis in February 2014 Hagel warned Russia against military maneuvers that could be misinterpreted or lead to miscalculation during a very delicate time 177 In several phone calls with the Russian Minister of Defense Sergey Shoygu 178 179 180 Hagel expressed deep concerns about Russian military activities near the Ukrainian border and called for an end of any destabilizing influence inside Ukraine He was assured by Shoygu that the Russian army would not invade Ukraine 181 Speaking in April 2023 Hagel said that unfortunately in 2014 the Ukrainian armed forces were in no condition to receive advanced weaponry in order to reverse the course of events 182 In May 2014 speaking at the Wilson Center on the future of NATO Hagel focused on the alliance s imbalance in defense spending and called for renewed financial commitments from all NATO members According to Hagel the alliance should expect Russia to test our alliance s purpose stamina and commitment 183 184 185 Since the end of the Cold War America s military spending has become increasingly disproportionate within the Alliance Today America s GDP is smaller than the combined GDPs of our 27 NATO Allies but America s defense spending is three times our Allies combined defense spending Over time this lopsided burden threatens NATO s integrity cohesion and capability and ultimately both European and transatlantic security Many of NATO s smaller members have pledged to increase their defense investment but the Alliance cannot afford for Europe s larger economies and most militarily capable Allies not to do the same particularly as transatlantic economies grow stronger We must see renewed financial commitments from all NATO members Hagel was not insensitive to the European dependence on Russian natural gas and consequent exposure to Russia s coercive energy policies In fact he saw even then an opportunity for North American producers NATO s European allies were positioned to reduce their natural gas imports from Russia by more than 25 and the U S Department of Energy had conditionally approved export permits for American liquefied natural gas that add up to more than half of Europe s gas imports from Russia 185 Hagel was instrumental in formulating the 2014 NATO Wales summit declaration in which the Allies agreed to increase over a period of ten years their defence expenditures 186 The target of 2 GDP formulated as a trial balloon at the 2006 NATO Riga summit by then NATO Ambassador Victoria Nuland 187 had been scorned by most in Europe for example Belgium Canada Denmark Germany and the Netherlands Only three alliance members did so in 2014 188 In light of the crisis in Ukraine the issue had assumed increased political relevance 187 nbsp Chuck Hagel with IDF General Benny Gantz and Moshe Ya alonDuring his time as Secretary of Defense he was known for the close relationship he formed with Israeli defense officials in particular Moshe Ya alon who described Hagel as a true friend 189 Even as his relations with the White House deteriorated Hagel was positively viewed by Israeli military officials which was seen as a stark contrast to the way Hagel was perceived by some in Washington prior to his appointment 189 Resignation edit On November 24 2014 The New York Times reported that Hagel would be resigning from his position as Secretary of Defense under pressure from the Obama administration in particular because of a dispute with NSA Advisor Susan E Rice over Syria policy The administration under Hagel s watch had struggled to articulate a strategy to defeat ISIL in both Iraq and Syria 190 Later that day President Obama announced Hagel s resignation and thanked him for his service Hagel said in a statement You should know I did not make this decision lightly But after much discussion the President and I agreed that now was the right time for new leadership here at the Pentagon 191 192 193 Hagel did not deny rumors that Obama asked for his resignation but he explicitly contended that it was a mutual decision between him and President Obama 194 Senator John McCain offered his own insight Hagel was frustrated with the White House decision making process national security policy and excessive micromanagement within the White House 195 In December 2015 during an interview with Foreign Policy Hagel stated he was backstabbed and accused Obama administration officials of making anonymous comments after his resignation in an effort to destroy his reputation 196 Hagel continued in post until the confirmation of his successor Ash Carter in February 2015 Retirement editIn 2019 Hagel funded the annual Hagel Lecture at the University of Chicago Project for Security and Threats 182 and on 17 October 2019 gave a keynote speech at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in Hamburg to address How healthy is the ocean s constitution 25 Years of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 197 2020 presidential election edit In 2020 Hagel along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials signed a statement that asserted that President Trump was unfit to serve another term and To that end we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States and we will vote for him 198 Hagel along with more than 100 Republican former national security officials signed a letter in November 2020 that stated that the delay of the presidential transition imperiled the security of the nation The 9 11 Commission finding that the shortened transition to the administration of George W Bush during the disputed 2000 presidential election hampered the new administration in identifying recruiting clearing and obtaining Senate confirmation of key appointees was mentioned in the statement 199 Hagel along with all other former secretaries of defense nine in total published a Washington Post op ed piece in January 2021 telling President Trump not to involve the military in determining the outcome of the 2020 elections 200 Awards and honors editIn 2001 Hagel was awarded the Horatio Alger Award for Distinguished Americans 201 He was also granted the title of Nebraska Admiral by Nebraska s governor an honorary title considering Nebraska is a landlocked state On June 7 2001 Hagel gave the commencement address for North Central College and was given an honorary L L D 202 He was the keynote speaker at the College of William amp Mary s Charter Day in 2007 at which he was awarded an honorary degree of Public Service 203 On March 3 2008 he led a town meeting on domestic and foreign policy issues at the University of Maryland at which the Center for American Politics and Citizenship CAPC gave him the Millard Tydings Award for Courage and Leadership in American Politics 204 Hagel served as the 2010 Clifford P Case Professor of Public Affairs at Rutgers University s Eagleton Institute of Politics speaking at public programs in New Brunswick and Newark New Jersey 205 Hagel was also the featured speaker at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Chemistry Council at Colorado Springs Personal life editHagel has two younger brothers Thomas a professor at the University of Dayton School of Law 206 and Michael an artist resident in Omaha Nebraska 207 Hagel s third brother James died in an automobile accident at the age of 16 208 Hagel was raised in the Roman Catholic faith but converted to Episcopalianism 209 In 1979 Hagel married Patricia Lloyd The couple separated in 1981 and divorced a year later 210 He married his second wife Lilibet Ziller in April 1985 The couple live with their daughter Allyn and son Ziller in McLean Virginia 211 While a Senator Hagel had a tradition of wearing costumes to work on Halloween usually masquerading as one of his colleagues or other notable political figures including Joe Biden John McCain Colin Powell and Pat Roberts in past years 212 He gave back a portion of his salary for the 2013 fiscal year in solidarity with his department s workers who were facing 14 days of furloughs 213 Hagel is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One 214 In October 2022 Hagel joined Issue One s Council for Responsible Social Media project to address the negative mental civic and public health impacts of social media in the United States co chaired by former House Democratic Caucus Leader Dick Gephardt and former Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey 215 216 Electoral history edit1996 edit Republican United States Senatorial Primary Election in Nebraska 1996 217 Party Candidate Votes Republican Chuck Hagel 112 953 62 24Republican Don Stenberg 67 974 37 46Republican Write ins 544 0 30Total votes 181 471 100 00United States Senate election in Nebraska 1996 218 Party Candidate Votes Republican Chuck Hagel 379 933 56 14 15 21 Democratic Ben Nelson 281 904 41 65 17 25 Libertarian John DeCamp 9 483 1 40 Natural Law Bill Dunn 4 806 0 71 Write ins 663 0 10 Majority 98 029 14 48 3 49 Turnout 676 958Republican gain from Democratic Swing2002 edit Republican United States Senatorial Primary Election in Nebraska 2002 219 Party Candidate Votes Republican Chuck Hagel inc 144 160 100 00Total votes 144 160 100 002002 United States Senate election in Nebraska 220 Party Candidate Votes Republican Chuck Hagel inc 397 438 82 76 25 36 Democratic Charlie A Matulka 70 290 14 64 27 96 Libertarian John J Graziano 7 423 1 55 Independent Phil Chase 5 066 1 05 Majority 327 148 68 13 53 31 Turnout 480 217Republican hold SwingReferences edit Charles Timothy Hagel Digital Collection Veterans History Project Library of Congress Lcweb2 loc gov October 26 2011 Retrieved July 5 2013 Pronounce VOA News Retrieved December 7 2013 a b Biographical information on ex Sen Chuck Hagel permanent dead link Associated Press published in The News Times December 17 2012 Chuck Hagel Barack Obama Administration Office of the Secretary of Defense Historical Office Londono Ernesto February 12 2013 Senate committee advances Hagel nomination for defense secretary The Washington Post Retrieved February 12 2013 Senate Republicans block Hagel nomination for Defense secretary The Hill February 14 2013 Retrieved February 15 2013 Jamie Dupree s Washington Insider Entries for Sunday February 10 2013 Atlanta Journal Constitution February 10 2013 Archived from the original on February 14 2013 Retrieved July 5 2013 Jim Garamone February 26 2013 Senate Confirms Hagel as Defense Secretary U S Department of Defense American Forces Press Service Retrieved July 5 2013 a b Memoli Michael A February 26 2013 Senate confirms Chuck Hagel as new Defense secretary Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 26 2013 Panetta Bids Farewell to Defense Department Team U S Department of Defense American Forces Press Service February 26 2013 Retrieved July 5 2013 Stewart Phil Holland Steve November 24 2014 Hagel under pressure resigns as U S defense secretary Reuters Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved July 28 2017 Lelyveld Joseph 1 The New York Times Magazine online edition The Heartland Dissident February 12 2006 Retrieved January 4 2012 Dufour Jeff Glenn Close and Chuck Norris push pet projects Archived October 30 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Hill online edition Under The Dome May 11 2006 Retrieved March 4 2007 David Hendee January 13 2012 Chuck Hagel s lifetime lessons from battlefield Omaha World Herald Retrieved February 18 2013 Susan Cornwell January 31 2013 Republican maverick Hagel forged bond with Obama over Iraq Reuters Retrieved February 18 2013 Text of Chuck Hagel s Opening Remarks nytimes com January 31 2013 Retrieved February 18 2013 Biographical information on ex Sen Chuck Hagel The Huffington Post The Associated Press October 4 1946 Retrieved January 7 2013 Berens Charlyne 2006 Chuck Hagel Moving Forward Lincoln u a Univ of Nebraska Press p 24 ISBN 978 0 8032 1075 2 Chuck Hagel volunteer immediately Experiencing War Stories from the Veterans History Project Charles Timothy Hagel Library of Congress accessed December 12 2012 a b The private war of Chuck and Tom Hagel by Myra MacPherson Salon April 30 2007 Congressional Record Proceedings and Debates of the 110th Congress Government Printing Office October 2 2008 Remarks by Senator Harry Reid p 692 Biographical Directory of the U S Congress United States Congress accessed December 17 2012 Loren Thompson Why Republicans Should Welcome Chuck Hagel To The Pentagon s Top Job Forbes January 7 2012 a b Berens Charlyne 2006 Chuck Hagel Moving Forward Lincoln u a Univ of Nebraska Press pp 52 54 ISBN 978 0 8032 1075 2 Chuck Hagel Firestone MacPherson Myra 2001 Long Time Passing Vietnam and the Haunted Generation Indiana University Press p xxxvi ISBN 9780253002761 Seven things you need to know about Chuck Hagel The Washington Post December 20 2012 Retrieved December 24 2012 a b Chuck Hagel Atlantic Council of the United States Archived from the original on January 12 2013 Retrieved December 24 2012 Lelyveld Joseph December 14 2012 The Heartland Dissident The New York Times Retrieved December 24 2012 The Heartland Dissident The New York Times December 14 2012 Archived from the original on December 21 2013 Retrieved December 23 2012 Fitrakis Bob and Harvey Wasserman March 5 2004 Diebold s Political Machine Mother Jones Retrieved January 8 2010 Collier Victoria October 18 2012 How to Rig an Election Harper s Magazine Harper s November 2012 Retrieved November 6 2012 Bolton Alexander January 29 2003 Hagel s ethics filings pose disclosure issue The Hill Archived from the original on April 1 2003 Retrieved June 27 2009 Boaz David December 27 2010 Is Chuck Hagel a Republican Cato Institute Chuck Hagel profile On the Issues accessed December 19 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 107th Congress 1st Session U S Senate HR 1836 ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TAX RELIEF RECONCILIATION ACT 2001 VOTING RECORD votesmart org May 26 2001 Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 108th Congress 1st Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 107th Congress 1st Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Legislation amp Records Home Votes Roll Call Vote Senate gov Retrieved January 7 2013 HR 2356 CAMPAIGN REFORM ACT OF 2001 VOTING RECORD votesmart org Retrieved December 24 2012 S Con Res 21 106th Kosovo resolution govtrack us March 3 1999 Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 107th Congress 1st Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 a b Charles chuck t hagel s voting records defense votesmart org Retrieved December 24 2012 Hagel Chuck September 3 2009 Why Going It Alone No Longer Works The Washington Post Retrieved December 24 2012 Chuck Hagel says time to wind down in Afghanistan Lincoln Journal Star May 3 2011 Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 107th Congress 2nd Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 Lelyveld Joseph February 11 2006 Tilting at the Republican windmill Conservative from the U S heartland is a party maverick International Herald Tribune Archived from the original on March 9 2016 Retrieved January 23 2015 Bob Novak Hagel s Stand The Washington Post April 30 2007 Oppel Richard A Jr Rubin Alissa J July 22 2008 Obama Meets Iraqi Prime Minister in Baghdad nytimes com Retrieved December 24 2012 Hagel chides candidates on Iraq USA Today July 24 2008 Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 105th Congress 1st Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 S 1873 American Missile Protection Act of 1998 Congress gov September 9 1998 Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 107th Congress 2nd Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 HR 5501 FUNDING TO COMBAT AIDS MALARIA AND TUBERCULOSIS KEY VOTE votesmart org Retrieved December 24 2012 Chuck Hagel on Foreign Policy ontheissues org Retrieved December 24 2012 S AMDT 2032 To limit the length of deployment of members of the Armed Forced for Operation Iraqi Freedom Congress gov July 11 2007 Achieving a Post 9 11 GI Bill for Our New Greatest Generation Archived December 15 2012 at the Wayback Machine Senator Jim Webb site p 4 accessed December 18 2012 a b Chuck Hagel Leads 50th Anniversary Advisory Group Vietnam Magazine published at History net November 29 2012 The Chuck Hagel I Know A Staunch Defender of Gay Rights The Atlantic December 21 2012 Retrieved December 24 2012 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 107th Congress 1st Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 Babington Charles December 21 2005 4 GOP Senators Hold Firm Against Patriot Act Renewal The Washington Post Retrieved December 24 2012 H R 3199 109th USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 On the Conference Report b govtrack us March 2 2006 Retrieved December 24 2012 S 1927 110th Protect America Act of 2007 On Passage of the Bill govtrack us August 3 2007 Retrieved December 24 2012 S amdt 2022 habeas corpus for detainees of the united states key vote votesmart org Retrieved December 24 2012 S AMDT 2022 HABEAS CORPUS FOR DETAINEES OF THE UNITED STATES KEY VOTE votesmart org Retrieved December 24 2012 Kaufman Marc June 13 2005 Cheney U S Not Aiming To Close Guantanamo The Washington Post Retrieved December 24 2012 Bill Summary amp Status 109th Congress 2005 2006 S 2611 THOMAS database Library of Congress accessed December 18 2012 Bill Cahir Senate immigration bill a study in complexities and contention The Patriot News June 8 2007 Marre Klaus June 28 2007 46 53 immigration bill goes down in defeat The Hill Capitol Hill Publishing Corp a subsidiary of News Communications Inc Retrieved October 30 2009 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 109th Congress 2nd Session senate gov Retrieved December 24 2012 Hagel Iraq growing more like Vietnam Republican Senator says Bush should meet with protesting mom Politics CNN online edition August 18 2005 Retrieved March 4 2007 Glenn Kessler Hagel Defends Criticisms of Iraq Policy The Washington Post November 16 2005 Babington Charles 4 GOP Senators Hold Firm Against Patriot Act Renewal More Safeguards Needed They Say The Washington Post online edition December 21 2005 p A04 Retrieved March 4 2007 UPI Hagel takes issue with Rove United Press International online edition January 30 2006 Retrieved March 4 2007 Key Republican breaks with Bush on Mideast Nebraska s Sen Hagel calls for immediate cease fire CNN online edition July 31 2006 accessed December 20 2012 Leaving Iraq Honorably The Washington Post Opinion by Senator C Hagel p B07 online edition November 26 2006 Retrieved March 4 2007 News Poll 9977 SurveyUSA August 15 2006 Retrieved March 4 2007 Profile Nebraska Senator Chuck Hagel Republican Jr Senator On the Issues Retrieved March 4 2007 Barrett Ted GOP senator Bush plan could match Vietnam blunder CNN online edition January 11 2007 Retrieved March 4 2007 BBC US Senate panel rejects Iraq plan BBC News online edition Americas January 24 2007 Retrieved March 4 2007 Barrett Ted Dems Plan Senate All nighter CNN Political Ticker blog July 16 2007 Retrieved July 16 2007 Haass Richard N November 28 2007 A Conversation with Chuck Hagel Federal News Service FNS rush transcript Council on Foreign Relations Archived from the original on April 14 2013 Retrieved March 23 2008 Joseph Lelyveld February 12 2006 The Heartland Dissident The New York Times Retrieved February 19 2013 Josh Rogin December 27 2012 Republican senators were for Hagel before they were against him Foreign Policy Archived from the original on December 12 2013 Retrieved February 19 2013 Josh Avlon January 31 2013 A reality check for Chuck Hagel bashers CNN Retrieved February 19 2013 Jan Crawford July 17 2008 Rules Stacked Against Bi Partisan Ticket ABC News Rachel Weiner July 28 2008 Chuck Hagel Obama s Vice President The Huffington Post Scott Conroy July 20 2008 Hagel Says He d Consider An Obama VP Offer CBS News Anna Jo Bratton Hagel says he d consider VP offer from Obama Associated Press via The Arizona Republic online June 20 2008 Madden Mike June 17 2008 And Obama s veep is a Republican Salon Retrieved June 17 2008 Who will be Obama s running mate Senators section CNN June 4 2008 accessed December 18 2012 Republican ready to serve as Obama s vice president Breaking News June 25 2008 Retrieved June 25 2008 a b Connie Bruck November 3 2008 THE POLITICAL SCENE ODD MAN OUTChuck Hagel s Republican exile The New Yorker Retrieved February 18 2013 Elisabeth Bumiller Veterans and Senate Buddies Until Another War Split Them The New York Times Jan 12 2013 Kevin Spark October 28 2008 Foreign Policy Drove Wedge Between Hagel McCain FELLOW GOP SENATORS AND VIETNAM VETS FUNDAMENTALLY DISAGREE ON KEY ISSUES The New Yorker newser com Retrieved February 18 2013 Mark Memmott and Jill Lawrence Sen Hagel won t be endorsing a presidential candidate Archived August 23 2008 at the Wayback Machine August 12 2008 USA Today s On Politics blog A Hagel Hint The Hotline National Journal Group March 9 2007 Archived from the original on March 6 2008 Retrieved March 23 2008 Linda Feldmann A search for GOP s heirs apparent The Christian Science Monitor September 1 2004 Berens Charlyne Chuck Hagel Moving Forward University of Nebraska Press 2006 Archived from the original on May 16 2007 Retrieved January 22 2007 Bratton Anna Jo September 10 2007 Sen Hagel leaving Congress after 08 ABC News Retrieved December 18 2012 AFP Anti war Republican and presidential hopeful Hagel to retire AFP September 10 2007 Archived from the original on July 7 2012 Retrieved August 7 2011 Rucker Philip February 3 2009 Hagel To Teach at Georgetown The Washington Post Retrieved December 23 2012 Grieve Tim January 24 2007 A ping pong game with American lives Salon Retrieved December 23 2012 Senator Hagel joins The Walsh School of Foreign Service Mortara Center for International Studies Georgetown University March 18 2009 Archived from the original on June 9 2010 Retrieved January 11 2013 Chuck Hagel Atlantic Council Archived from the original on January 12 2013 Retrieved August 7 2011 Hagel Reagan wouldn t identify with today s GOP Foreign Policy May 11 2012 Retrieved July 5 2013 Ryan Grim January 22 2013 Chuck Hagel Would Be Excellent Defense Secretary On Nuclear Weapons Ellen Tauscher The Huffington Post Retrieved July 5 2013 Ploughshares Fund Ploughshares org Archived from the original on December 20 2012 Retrieved July 5 2013 Shira Toeplitz Sestak gets nod from Hagel Politico August 23 2010 Kevin Robillard Report Chuck Hagel to endorse Bob Kerrey Politico November 1 2012 Humberto Sanchez Nebraska Bob Kerrey Nabs Chuck Hagel Endorsement Archived January 2 2013 at the Wayback Machine Roll Call November 1 2012 Scott Wilson and William Branigin Obama nominates Chuck Hagel for Defense John Brennan for CIA January 7 2013 The Washington Post a b c d Elizabether Bumiller Hagel Has Rough Outing Before Ex Colleagues The New York Times January 31 2013 Jon Swaine January 6 2013 Chuck Hagel to face questions over Israel views ahead of defence secretary nomination The Daily Telegraph Yitzhak Benhorin US Hagel nomination irks pro Israel conservatives Ynetnews December 18 2012 Rachael Weiner January 31 2013 Hagel regrets words on Jewish lobby The Washington Post Prospect of Hagel nomination sets off alarm bells for some U S Jews Haaretz December 19 2012 Retrieved January 8 2013 Why Chuck Hagel Didn t Sign That 1999 Letter Against Russian Anti Semitism BuzzFeed January 7 2013 a b Gold Matea January 6 2013 Critics slam Chuck Hagel s likely nomination as Defense secretary Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 7 2013 a b Anna Mulrine Chuck Hagel why his candidacy for Defense post is losing altitude The Christian Science Monitor December 27 2012 Chuck Hagel s opponents switched gears by Shashank Bengali Los Angeles Times January 14 2013 Chuck Hagel and Israel in context A guide to his controversial statements by Glenn Kessler The Washington Post January 8 2013 Heather Hurlburt Chuck Hagel Is Mainstream Enough To Be Secretary of Defense U S News amp World Report December 20 2012 HBO History Makers with Chuck Hagel Archived January 16 2013 at the Wayback Machine Council on Foreign Relations June 14 2012 Stephanie Kirchgaessne December 19 2012 FT interview with Chuck Hagel Financial Times Gay rights group challenges Hagel comments The Huffingon Post December 20 2012 Retrieved December 28 2012 Log Cabin Republicans Slam Chuck Hagel in Full Page Ad The Advocate December 28 2012 Retrieved December 28 2012 Natalie Jennings January 7 2013 Log Cabin Republicans run another anti Hagel ad The Washington Post Post Politics blog Hormel questions sincerity of Hagel apology politico com December 22 2012 Retrieved December 28 2012 SHAHEEN ANNOUNCES SUPPORT FOR HAGEL NOMINATION shaheen senate gov January 24 2013 Retrieved January 24 2013 Sen Shaheen backs Hagel for Secretary of Defense New Hampshire Union Leader January 24 2013 Retrieved January 26 2013 Tammy Baldwin Supports Chuck Hagel as Defense Secretary The Advocate February 13 2013 Retrieved March 19 2013 Jim Rutenberg January 26 2013 Secret Donors Finance Fight Against Hagel The New York Times Retrieved May 17 2014 Kevin Bacon Former ambassadors open letter Archived November 19 2014 at the Wayback Machine Foreign Policy December 20 2012 Friends of Chuck the case for Hagel begins Archived June 5 2013 at the Wayback Machine Foreign Policy December 20 2012 December 21 2012 letter in support of Chuck Hagel reprinted in Politico accessed January 10 2013 Baron Kevin January 7 2013 Gates Powell endorse Hagel Foreign Policy Archived from the original on May 30 2013 Retrieved November 8 2019 Chuck Hagel is a friend to Israel by Aryeh Azriel Special to CNN January 14 2013 Behind the Ugly Attacks on Chuck Hagel The New Yorker December 23 2012 Thomas Friedman Give Chuck a chance The New York Times December 25 2012 Robert Wright Chuck Hagel Gets His Second Wind December 26 2012 Stephen Walt What s at stake in the Hagel affair Archived December 30 2012 at the Wayback Machine Foreign Policy December 26 2012 Daniel Larison December 19 2012 The Attempted Borking of Chuck Hagel The American Conservative W James Antle III December 24 2012 Somehow a Republican The American Conservative Scott McConnell January 7 2013 Hagel in History s Cockpit The American Conservative Pat Buchanan December 28 2012 Why the War Party Fears Hagel buchanan org Christopher A Preble December 13 2012 Chuck Hagel Would Be an Excellent Secretary of Defense Cato Institute Justin Logan January 7 2013 Why Americans Should Care about the Hagel Nomination Cato Institute Transcript Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee on the Nomination of Chuck Hagel to be Secretary of Defense submitted by Robert Naiman on February 1 2013 at Justforeignpolicy org accessed February 10 2013 In hearings Chuck Hagel expands on Jewish lobby apology Archived February 3 2013 at the Wayback Machine Jewish Telegraphic Agency JTA January 31 2013 Laura Litvan Levin Says Committee Will Vote on Hagel as Soon as Possible Bloomberg L P February 7 2013 Jeremy Herb Levin Hagel demands unprecedented The Hill February 7 2013 Jeremy W Peters Hagel Nomination Clears Panel After Combative Debate The New York Times February 12 2013 Congress Hagel committee vote set NBC News February 12 2013 Patricia Zengerle Democrats decry delay in vote for Hagel as defense chief Reuters February 14 2013 Susan Davis and David Jackson Senate blocks Hagel nomination for now USA Today February 14 2013 U S Senate Roll Call Votes 113th Congress 1st Session Peralta Eyder February 26 2013 Senate Allows Nomination Of Chuck Hagel To Move Forward NPR Retrieved February 26 2013 Senate Roll Call Senate gov Retrieved July 5 2013 Chuck Hagel confirmed as US defence secretary by Senate BBC February 27 2013 Retrieved February 26 2013 Senate Roll Call Senate gov Retrieved July 5 2013 Brandon Friedman Just Who Do They Represent At Hagel Hearing Concern for Israel Tops U S Troops in Combat Time magazine February 4 2013 Michael McGough Hagel hearings Is Israel more important than Afghanistan Los Angeles Times February 7 2013 Gene Healy Gene Healy Chuck Hagel s farcical hearings Reason February 4 2013 a b Mardell Mark January 31 2013 Chuck Hagel s hectoring aimed at Obama BBC News Retrieved February 26 2013 Ten Daniel May 30 2013 Hagel Set for Vietnam Embrace as Wary Asia Eyes Rising China Bloomberg com Retrieved July 5 2013 Ernesto Londono May 31 2013 Hagel visits Asia to reassure allies M washingtonpost com Retrieved July 5 2013 Statement on Strategic Choices and Management Review Cavas Christopher P January 26 2014 Carrier Cut Could Be Back on Table defensenews com Gannett Government Media Corporation Archived from the original on January 26 2014 Retrieved January 26 2014 US ready to launch Syria strike says Chuck Hagel BBC August 27 2013 Retrieved August 27 2013 Bentz Leslie November 1 2013 Hagel directs National Guard to press forward with same sex benefits CNN Archived from the original on October 19 2014 Retrieved November 1 2013 Chuck Hagel November 22 2013 Halifax International Security Forum DoD Arctic Strategy U S Department of Defense Retrieved May 15 2014 Karen Parrish November 22 2013 Hagel Announces DOD s Arctic Strategy U S Department of Defense Retrieved May 15 2014 Lolita C Baldor November 23 2013 Hagel says nations must avoid conflict in Arctic The Guardian Retrieved May 15 2014 Jane Taber November 22 2013 U S sounds alarm over melting Arctic at Halifax security forum The Globe and Mail Retrieved May 15 2014 Paul D Shinkman November 22 2013 Climate Change Forces New Pentagon Plan U S News amp World Report Retrieved May 15 2014 Hagel Warns Ukraine Not to Use Military Against Protestors U S Department of Defense December 12 2013 Retrieved May 9 2014 James G Neuger and Gopal Ratnam February 27 2014 Hagel Warns Russia on Ukraine Miscalculation Amid Crimea Unrest Bloomberg Retrieved May 9 2014 Obama Hagel Contact Top Russian Officials on Ukraine U S Department of Defense March 1 2014 Retrieved May 9 2014 Brendan Cullerton March 20 2014 Hagel Demands Answers on Russian Troop Buildup at Ukraine Border ABC News Retrieved May 9 2014 Spencer Ackerman March 20 2014 Hagel assured by Russian minister Moscow will not push beyond Crimea The Guardian Retrieved May 9 2014 Ukraine crisis Moscow assures Pentagon it will not invade The Telegraph April 29 2014 Archived from the original on January 12 2022 Retrieved May 9 2014 a b Ukraine Russia and the Future of the Liberal Order Hagel lecture series The University of Chicago YouTube April 10 2023 Ukraine crisis highlights NATO defense spending problem Hagel Reuters May 2 2014 Retrieved May 9 2014 Into the Fold or Out in the Cold NATO Expansion and European Security after the Cold War Video NATO Expansion and European Security after the Cold War The Wilson Center May 2 2014 a b Hagel Chuck May 2 2014 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE CHUCK HAGEL REMARKS AT THE WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER PDF The Wilson Center nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State Wales Summit Declaration NATO September 5 2014 a b Techau Jan September 2 2015 The Politics of 2 Percent NATO and the Security Vacuum in Europe Carnegie Europe Alozious Juuko 2022 NATO s Two Percent Guideline A Demand for Military Expenditure Perspective Defence and Peace Economics 33 4 475 488 doi 10 1080 10242694 2021 1940649 S2CID 237888569 a b Ya alon praises Chuck Hagel as true friend By MICHAEL WILNER HERB KEINON November 24 2014 Helene Cooper Hagel Resigns Under Pressure as Global Crises Test Pentagon The New York Times November 24 2014 Miklaszewski JIm November 24 2014 Greatest Privilege of My Life Chuck Hagel Resigns as Defense Secretary NBCNews com Retrieved November 24 2014 US defence secretary Chuck Hagel resigns BBC News November 24 2014 Retrieved November 25 2014 Chuck Hagel forced to step down as US defense secretary Guardian November 24 2014 Retrieved November 25 2014 Shinkman Paul Chuck Hagel Explains Why He Resigned as Secretary of Defense U S News amp World Report Retrieved December 8 2014 Starr Barbara December 2 2014 Hagel refused to hold off resignation announcement in spite of White House wishes CNN Retrieved December 8 2014 De Luce Dan December 18 2015 Hagel The White House Tried to Destroy Me Foreign Policy Retrieved April 9 2021 How healthy is the ocean s constitution 25 Years of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Indiana University HAMILTON LUGAR SCHOOL OF GLOBAL AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES October 2019 Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden Defending Democracy Together August 20 2020 Retrieved August 26 2021 Brook Tom Vanden Special jeopardy 100 former Republican national security officials warn Trump must allow transition USA TODAY Retrieved November 25 2020 All 10 living former defense secretaries Involving the military in election disputes would cross into dangerous territory Washington Post January 3 2021 Retrieved January 3 2021 Chuck Hagel Former United States Senator District of Columbia Class Year 2001 Horatio Alger Association North Central College 2006 2007 Highlights Naperville IL NCC Archived from the original on February 17 2013 Retrieved January 11 2013 Zagursky Erin January 9 2007 U S Sen Chuck Hagel to speak at William and Mary s Charter Day The College of William amp Mary Archived from the original on August 25 2012 Retrieved August 7 2011 Neil Tickner February 28 2008 Sen Chuck Hagel Town Mtg with Youth Voters at UM University Communications Newsdesk University of Maryland Retrieved January 11 2013 Eagleton Institute Report 2009 2010 Archived June 4 2013 at the Wayback Machine PDF Eagleton Institute p 4 accessed December 18 2012 Alum Notes PDF The Nebraska Transcript The University of Nebraska College of Law 44 Archived from the original PDF on August 19 2011 Retrieved August 7 2011 Veterans Memorial Museum Unveils Original Oil Painting Red Tails Strike Again in Honor of Tuskegee Airmen Veterans Memorial Museum of Branson Archived from the original on July 17 2011 Retrieved August 7 2011 Lelyveld Joseph February 12 2006 The Heartland Dissident The New York Times Retrieved February 25 2016 cached excerpt from Charlyne Berens biography Chuck Hagel which refers to Hagel s parents as pillars of their Catholic church Hagel s father Charles Hagel had converted to the Catholic faith of his wife Page 17 of the same work refers to Hagel as now an Episcopalian Charlyne Berens Chuck Hagel Moving Forward University of Nebraska Press 2006 p 53 Robert G Kaiser The Political Veteran He Survived Vietnam and Won the Senate Could Chuck Hagel Take the White House The Washington Post Monday November 15 2004 p C01 Retrieved July 10 2007 Kornreich Lauren October 31 2007 Will the real Joe Biden please stand up Political Ticker CNN Retrieved March 23 2008 Stephanie Gaskell April 3 2013 Chuck Hagel to give back some of his salary to DOD Politico Retrieved July 5 2013 Issue One ReFormers Caucus Retrieved November 25 2020 Feiner Lauren October 12 2022 Facebook whistleblower former defense and intel officials form group to fix social media CNBC Retrieved October 12 2022 Council for Responsible Social Media Issue One issueone org Retrieved October 12 2022 Federal Elections 96 1996 U S Senate Results by State Fec gov Retrieved January 7 2013 96 PRESIDENTIAL and CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION STATISTICS Clerk house gov Retrieved January 7 2013 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 5 2008 Retrieved December 24 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link 2002 ELECTION STATISTICS Clerk house gov Retrieved January 7 2013 Further reading editCharlyne Berens Chuck Hagel Moving Forward University of Nebraska Press 2006 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Chuck Hagel nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chuck Hagel Hagel Joins MIC Industries Corsair Capital Appearances on C SPAN U S Senator Chuck Hagel Archives at the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library U S Senator Chuck Hagel Archives finding aid at the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library Digital collection including selected speeches of Senator Chuck Hagel at the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library Charles Timothy Hagel A Life in Photographs online exhibit from the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library Parading Around Chuck Hagel Campaign Parades and Events online exhibit from the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library Life of a Senator Schedules in a Senate Office online exhibit from the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library In the News Press Media and Speeches in the Hagel Archives online exhibit from the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library Under the Bright Lights Videos in the Hagel Archives online exhibit from the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library At Home in Nebraska online exhibit from the Dr C C and Mabel L Criss Library nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Chuck Hagel Documentaries topic pages and databasesBiography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Financial information federal office at the Federal Election Commission Profile at Vote SmartSelected speechesSpeech on U S Iran Relations Senate Speeches U S Government February 22 2007Selected news articlesJosh Rogin Chuck Hagel does not like sanctions Archived January 13 2013 at the Wayback Machine Foreign Policy December 17 2012e Bruck Connie November 3 2008 Odd Man Out Chuck Hagel s Republican Exile The Political Scene The New Yorker Vol 84 no 35 pp 52 63 Sen Chuck Hagel Interview video The Daily Show with Jon Stewart March 31 2008 Hagel low on cash on hand raising retirement issue The Hill January 30 2007 Joseph Lelyveld The Heartland Dissident New York Times Magazine February 12 2006 Chuck Hagel A Christmas Present and Past The Washington Post December 22 2005 Interview C SPAN Q amp A November 13 2005 Hagel s ethics filings pose disclosure issue The Hill January 29 2003Party political officesPreceded byHal Daub Republican nominee for U S Senator from Nebraska Class 2 1996 2002 Succeeded byMike JohannsU S SenatePreceded byJames Exon U S senator Class 2 from Nebraska1997 2009 Served alongside Bob Kerrey Ben Nelson Succeeded byMike JohannsPreceded byJim Leach Chair of the Joint China Commission2005 2007 Succeeded bySandy LevinNon profit organization positionsPreceded byJim Jones Chair of the Atlantic Council2009 2013 Succeeded byBrent ScowcroftActingGovernment officesPreceded bySteve Friedman Chair of the President s Intelligence Advisory Board2009 2013 Served alongside David Boren VacantTitle next held byShirley JacksonJami MiscikChair of the Intelligence Oversight Board2009 2013 Succeeded byDan MeltzerPolitical officesPreceded byLeon Panetta United States Secretary of Defense2013 2015 Succeeded byAsh CarterU S order of precedence ceremonial Preceded byJohn Brysonas Former US Cabinet Member Order of precedence of the United Statesas Former US Cabinet Member Succeeded byJack Lewas Former US Cabinet Member Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chuck Hagel amp oldid 1192560272, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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