Jim Inhofe
James Mountain Inhofe (/ˈɪnhɒf/ INN-hoff; born November 17, 1934) is an American politician who served as a United States senator from Oklahoma from 1994 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he is the longest serving U.S. senator from Oklahoma.[2] He served in various elected offices in the state of Oklahoma for nearly sixty years, between 1967 and 2023.
Jim Inhofe | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2018 | |
| United States Senator from Oklahoma | |
| In office November 16, 1994 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | David Boren |
| Succeeded by | Markwayne Mullin |
| Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee | |
| In office February 3, 2021 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Jack Reed |
| Succeeded by | Roger Wicker |
| Chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee | |
| In office September 6, 2018[a] – February 3, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | John McCain |
| Succeeded by | Jack Reed |
| Chair of the Senate Environment Committee | |
| In office January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Barbara Boxer |
| Succeeded by | John Barrasso |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Preceded by | Jim Jeffords |
| Succeeded by | Barbara Boxer |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Oklahoma's 1st district | |
| In office January 3, 1987 – November 15, 1994 | |
| Preceded by | James R. Jones |
| Succeeded by | Steve Largent |
| 32nd Mayor of Tulsa | |
| In office May 9, 1978 – May 8, 1984 | |
| Preceded by | Robert LaFortune |
| Succeeded by | Terry Young |
| Member of the Oklahoma Senate from the 35th district | |
| In office January 7, 1969 – January 4, 1977 | |
| Preceded by | Beauchamp Selman |
| Succeeded by | Warren Green |
| Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 70th district | |
| In office January 7, 1967 – January 7, 1969 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph McGraw |
| Succeeded by | Richard Hancock |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Mountain Inhofe November 17, 1934 Des Moines, Iowa, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Kay Kirkpatrick (m. 1959) |
| Children | 4 |
| Education | University of Tulsa (BA) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1956–1958 |
| Rank | Specialist 4 |
Inhofe chaired the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (EPW) from 2003 to 2007 and again from 2015 to 2017. Inhofe served as acting chairman of the Armed Services Committee between December 2017 and September 6, 2018 while John McCain fought cancer. After McCain's death, he became chairman and served until February 3, 2021.[3] From February 3, 2021 to January 3, 2023, he served as Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee. During his Senate career he was known for his rejection of climate science,[4] his support of constitutional amendments to ban same-sex marriage,[5] and the Inhofe Amendment to make English the national language of the United States.[6]
Prior to his election to the United States Senate, Inhofe was an elected official representing the Tulsa area for nearly three decades. He served as the U.S. representative for Oklahoma's 1st congressional district from 1987 to 1994 (after losing his first campaign for the office in 1976) and as mayor of Tulsa from 1978 to 1984. Prior to serving as mayor, he represented parts of Tulsa in the Oklahoma Senate from 1969 to 1977 and the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1967 to 1969. While a state senator, he unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Oklahoma in the 1974 election.
Early life, education, and business career
Inhofe was born in Des Moines, Iowa, the son of Blanche (née Mountain) and Perry Dyson Inhofe.[7] He moved with his family to Tulsa, Oklahoma, as a child.[when?] He was a member of the Class of 1953 at Tulsa Central High School, where he was a member of the track team.[8] He served in the United States Army from 1957 to 1958.[9] Inhofe received a B.A. in economics from the University of Tulsa in 1973.[10]
College graduation scandal
Until his 1994 campaign for the U.S. Senate, his official biographies and news articles about him indicated that he had graduated in 1959.[10] Inhofe initially denied the stories that uncovered the discrepancy,[10] but later acknowledged them.[11] After admitting that the stories were true, Inhofe explained that he had been allowed to take part in graduation ceremonies in 1959 though he was a few credits short of completing his degree, and did not finish his coursework until 1973.[11]
Early political career
State legislature
Inhofe became active in Oklahoma Republican politics in the mid-1960s.[citation needed] He was a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1967 to 1969, and a member of the Oklahoma Senate from 1969 until 1977,[12] the last four of those years as minority leader.[citation needed]
1974 gubernatorial election
In 1974, he ran for governor of Oklahoma. In October 1974, then President Gerald Ford visited Oklahoma to campaign for him.[13][14] A late October poll by the Daily Oklahoman showed Boren leading 74%–25%.[15] He lost to Democratic State Representative David Boren 64%–36%. Inhofe won only four counties in the election.[16] He lost 57 pounds during the campaign and was down to 148 pounds.[17][better source needed]
1976 congressional election
In 1976 Inhofe ran for Oklahoma's 1st congressional district. In the Republican primary, he defeated State Senator Frank Keating and Mary Warner, 67%–25%–8%.[18][better source needed] In the general election, he lost to incumbent Democrat James R. Jones, 54%–45%.[19][better source needed]
Mayor of Tulsa
In 1978, Inhofe was elected mayor of Tulsa, defeating Democrat Rodger Randle, 51%–46%.[20][better source needed] In 1980, he won reelection unopposed[21][better source needed] and in 1982 he was reelected with 59% of the vote.[22][better source needed]
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
In 1986, when Representative Jones decided to retire to run for the U.S. Senate, Inhofe ran for the 1st District and won the Republican primary with 54%.[23][better source needed] In the general election, he defeated Democrat Gary Allison 55%–43%.[24][better source needed] In 1988 he won reelection against Democrat Kurt Glassco, Governor George Nigh's legal counsel, 53%–47%.[25][better source needed] In 1990 he defeated Glassco again, 56%–44%.[26][better source needed] After redistricting, the 1st District contained only two counties, all of Tulsa and some parts of Wagoner. In 1992 Inhofe was reelected with 53% of the vote.[27][better source needed]
Tenure
In 1987 Inhofe voted against President Ronald Reagan's budget, which included tax increases and no increase in defense spending.[28]
He first came to national attention in 1993, when he led the effort to reform the House's discharge petition rule, which the House leadership had long used to bottle up bills in committee.
U.S. Senate
Elections
In 1994, incumbent Senator David Boren, who had been serving in the Senate since 1979, agreed to become president of the University of Oklahoma and announced he would resign as soon as a successor was elected. Inhofe was elected Boren's successor in an election cycle that saw the Republican Party take both houses of Congress and the Oklahoma governorship (the latter for only the third time in state history). Inhofe took office on November 16, giving him more seniority than the incoming class of senators. After serving the last two years of Boren's term, he won his first full term in 1996. He was reelected in 2002, 2008, 2014, and 2020.
Inhofe does not plan to seek reelection in 2026,[29] and was reported to be planning retirement by the end of the 117th Congress.[30] His retirement triggered a 2022 special election.
Tenure
- Fundraising
In the 2008 election cycle, Inhofe's largest campaign donors represented the oil and gas ($446,900 in donations), leadership PACs ($316,720) and electric utilities ($221,654) industries/categories.[31][32] In 2010, his largest donors represented the oil and gas ($429,950) and electric ($206,654) utilities.[33]
The primary PACs donating to his campaigns were Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association ($55,869), United Parcel Service ($51,850), National Association of Realtors ($51,700), National Rifle Association ($51,050) and American Medical Association ($51,000). Additionally, if company-sponsored PACs were combined with employee contributions, Koch Industries would be Inhofe's largest contributor, with $90,950 according to OpenSecrets.[32][34][undue weight? ]
- Armed Services Committee
As a member of the Armed Services Committee, Inhofe was among the panelists questioning witnesses about the 2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse, saying he was "outraged by the outrage" over the revelations of abuse. Although he believed that the individuals responsible for mistreating prisoners should be punished, he said that the prisoners "are not there for traffic violations ... they're murderers, they're terrorists, they're insurgents".[35][36] In 2006, Inhofe was one of only nine senators to vote against the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, which prohibits "cruel, inhuman or degrading" treatment of individuals in U.S. Government custody.[37][38]
When chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee John McCain was absent seeking medical treatment for brain cancer from December 2017, Inhofe became acting chairman of the committee. During this time, Inhofe helped secure the passage of the record $716 billion National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019.[39][40] McCain died in August 2018, and Inhofe lauded him as his "hero". Inhofe also said that McCain was "partially to blame for" the White House's controversial decision to raise flags back to full mast after less than two days, as McCain previously "disagreed with the President in certain areas and wasn't too courteous about it".[41]
On March 6, 2019, Inhofe said he intends to put language in the next defense authorization act to reinforce Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear agreement and reintroduce severe sanctions on Tehran.[42]
Committee assignments
During the 115th, 116th, and 117th Congresses, Inhofe was a member of the following committees:
- Committee on Armed Services
- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
- Committee on Environment and Public Works
- Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Caucus memberships
- International Conservation Caucus
- Senate Army Caucus
- Senate Diabetes Caucus
- Senate General Aviation Caucus
- Senate Rural Health Caucus
- Senate Tourism Caucus
- Sportsmen's Caucus
Retirement
On July 15, 2021, Inhofe told Tulsa World he planned to retire at the end of his current term, in 2027.[29] In February 2022, The New York Times reported that Inhofe was planning to resign January 3, 2023, at the end of the 117th Congress.[43]
Ideology and opinions
Inhofe was ranked the most conservative member of Congress on the 2017 GovTrack report card.[44] He received the same ranking for 2018.[45] For 2019, he was ranked as the fifth-most conservative member of the U.S. Senate with a score of 0.91 out of 1, behind Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), Joni Ernst (R-IA), Mike Braun (R-IN), and Ted Cruz (R-TX).[46]
Environmental issues
Early years; 2003 Chair of Environment and Public Works committee
In December 1997, Inhofe argued that the Kyoto Protocol was a "political, economic, and national security fiasco."[47]
Before the Republicans regained control of the Senate in the November 2002 elections, Inhofe had compared the United States Environmental Protection Agency to a Gestapo bureaucracy,[48][49] and EPA Administrator Carol Browner to a Tokyo Rose, i.e. an English-speaking spreader of Japanese propaganda during World War II.[50] In January 2003, he became Chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, and continued challenging mainstream science in favor of what he called "sound science", in accordance with the Luntz memo.[49]
Climate change denial
Since 2003, when he was first elected Chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Inhofe has been the foremost Republican promoting climate change denial. He famously claimed in the Senate that global warming is a hoax, invited contrarians to testify in Committee hearings, and spread his views via the Committee website run by Marc Morano as well as through his access to conservative media.[51][4] In 2012, Inhofe's The Greatest Hoax: How the Global Warming Conspiracy Threatens Your Future was published by WorldNetDaily Books, presenting his global warming conspiracy theory.[52] He has said that, because "God's still up there", the "arrogance of people to think that we, human beings, would be able to change what He is doing in the climate is to me outrageous",[53][54][55] but also that he appreciates that this argument is unpersuasive, and that he has "never pointed to Scriptures in a debate, because I know this would discredit me."
As Environment and Public Works chairman, Inhofe gave a two-hour Senate floor speech on July 28, 2003, in the context of discussions on the McCain-Lieberman Bill.[56] He said he was "going to expose the most powerful, most highly financed lobby in Washington, the far left environmental extremists", and laid out in detail his opposition to attribution of recent climate change to humans, using the word "hoax" four times, including the statement that he had "offered compelling evidence that catastrophic global warming is a hoax" and his conclusion that "manmade global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people".[57][58] He supported what he called "sound science", citing contrarian scientists such as Patrick Michaels, Fred Singer, Richard Lindzen and Sallie Baliunas as well as some mainstream scientists. Two of these, Tom Wigley and Stephen Schneider, later issued statements that Inhofe had misrepresented their work.[58][59]
On July 29, the day after his Senate speech, Inhofe chaired an Environment and Public Works hearing with contrarian views represented by Baliunas and David Legates, and praised their "1,000-year climate study", then involved in the Soon and Baliunas controversy, as "a powerful new work of science". Against them, Michael E. Mann defended mainstream science and specifically his work on reconstructions (the hockey stick graph) that they and the Bush administration disputed.[56][60] During the hearing Senator Jim Jeffords read out an email from Hans von Storch saying he had resigned as editor-in-chief of the journal that published the Soon and Baliunas paper, as the peer review had "failed to detect significant methodological flaws in the paper" and the critique by Mann and colleagues was valid.[60][61]
In a continuation of these themes, Inhofe had a 20-page brochure published under the Seal of the United States Senate reiterating his "hoax" statement and comparing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to a "Soviet style trial". In a section headed "The IPCC Plays Hockey" he attacked what he called "Mann's flawed, limited research."[62][63] The brochure restated themes from Inhofe's Senate speech, and in December 2003 he distributed copies of it in Milan at a meeting about the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, where he met "green activists" with posters quoting him as saying that global warming "is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people". He signed a poster for them,[49] and thanked them for quoting him correctly. In an October 2004 Senate speech he said, "Global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people. It was true when I said it before, and it remains true today. Perhaps what has made this hoax so effective is that we hear over and over that the science is settled and there is a consensus that, unless we fundamentally change our way of life by limiting greenhouse gas emissions, we will cause catastrophic global warming. This is simply a false statement."[62][64] In January 2005 Inhofe told Bloomberg News that global warming was "the second-largest hoax ever played on the American people, after the separation of church and state", and that carbon dioxide would not be restricted by the Clear Skies Act of 2003.[65][66][67] In a Senate Floor "update", he extended his argument against Mann's work by extensively citing Michael Crichton's fictional thriller State of Fear, mistakenly describing Crichton as a "scientist".[68][69] On August 28, 2005, at Inhofe's invitation, Crichton appeared as an expert witness at a hearing on climate change, disputing Mann's work.[62]
In his 2006 book The Republican War on Science, Chris Mooney wrote that Inhofe "politicizes and misuses the science of climate change".[70]
During the 2006 North American heat wave, Inhofe said that the environmentalist movement reminded him of "the Third Reich, the Big Lie": "You say something over and over and over and over again, and people will believe it, and that's their strategy."[67][71] In a September 2006 Senate speech Inhofe argued that the threat of global warming was exaggerated by "the media, Hollywood elites and our pop culture". He said that in the 1960s the media had switched from warning of global warming to warning of global cooling and a coming ice age, then in the 1970s had returned to warming to promote "climate change fears".[72] In February 2007 he told Fox News that mainstream science increasingly attributed climate change to natural causes, and only "those individuals on the far left, such as Hollywood liberals and the United Nations", disagreed.[73]
In 2006 Inhofe introduced Senate Amendment 4682 with Kit Bond (R-MO), which would have modified oversight responsibility of the Army Corps of Engineers. The League of Conservation Voters, an environmentalist group, said analyses for corps projects "have been manipulated to favor large-scale projects that harm the environment."[74] During the 109th Congress Inhofe voted to increase offshore oil drilling, to include provisions for drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in the House Budget Amendment, and to deny funding for both low-income energy assistance and environmental stewardship, citing heavy costs and unproven programs.[74]
In May 2009 Inhofe gave support to the idea that black carbon is a significant contributor to global warming.[75]
Inhofe has received money from the fossil fuel industry. For example: "Exxon's beneficiaries in Congress include the Oklahoma senator Jim Inhofe, who called global warming a hoax, and who has received $20,500 since 2007, according to the Dirty Energy Money database maintained by Oil Change International."[76][77]
Climatic Research Unit email controversy
On November 23, 2009, as the Climatic Research Unit email controversy emerged, Inhofe said the emails confirmed his view that scientists were "cooking the science".[78][79] On December 7 on the CNN program The Situation Room, Inhofe said that the emails showed that the science behind climate change "has been pretty well debunked"; the fact checking organization PolitiFact concluded that Inhofe's statement was false.[80] On the same day, Inhofe said he would lead a three-man "truth squad" consisting of himself and fellow senators Roger Wicker and John Barrasso to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen. Inhofe was unable to secure meetings with any negotiators or delegations to the conference and only met with a small group of reporters.[81][82][83][84] The minority group of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works prepared a report on "the CRU Controversy", published in February 2010, which listed as "Key Players" 17 scientists including Mann and Phil Jones. Inhofe said it showed that the controversy was "about unethical and potentially illegal behavior by some of the world's leading climate scientists."[85][86] On May 26 Inhofe formally requested that the Inspector General of the United States Department of Commerce investigate how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had dealt with the emails, and whether the emails showed any wrongdoing; it found no major issues or inappropriate actions.[87][88]
Global warming temperatures
In July 2010 Inhofe said, "I don't think that anyone disagrees with the fact that we actually are in a cold period that started about nine years ago. Now, that's not me talking, those are the scientists that say that." The Union of Concerned Scientists said that Inhofe was wrong, pointing to a NOAA report indicating that the summer of 2010 had so far been the hottest on record since 1880. Inhofe added, "People on the other side of this argument back in January, they said, 'Inhofe, it has nothing to do with today's or this month or next month. We're looking at a long period of time. We go into twenty year periods.'"[89][90][91]
During a House committee hearing in 2011, Inhofe testified, "I have to admit—and, you know, confession is good for the soul ... I, too, once thought that catastrophic global warming was caused by anthropogenic gases—because everyone said it was."[92] Under questioning from committee member Jay Inslee, Inhofe dismissed the notion that he was less knowledgeable than climate scientists, saying that he'd already given "five speeches on the science."[92]
2015: Chair of Environment and Public Works committee
On January 21, 2015, Inhofe returned to chairing the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works as part of a new Republican majority in the Senate. In response to NOAA and NASA reports that 2014 had been the warmest year globally in the temperature record, he said, "we had the coldest in the western hemisphere in the same time frame", and attributed changes to a 30-year cycle, not human activities.[93] In a debate on the same day about a bill for the Keystone XL pipeline, Inhofe endorsed an amendment proposed by Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, "Climate change is real and not a hoax", which passed 98–1. Inhofe clarified his view that "Climate is changing and climate has always changed and always will. There is archaeological evidence of that, there is biblical evidence of that, there is historical evidence of that", but added, "there are some people who are so arrogant to think they are so powerful they can change climate."[94]
On February 26, 2015, Inhofe brought a snowball to the Senate floor and tossed it before delivering remarks in which he said that environmentalists keep talking about global warming even though it keeps getting cold.[95]
Hydraulic fracturing
On March 19, 2015, Inhofe introduced S.828, "The Fracturing Regulations are Effective in State Hands (FRESH) Act." The bill would transfer regulatory power over hydraulic fracturing from the federal government to state governments. In his announcement of the bill, Inhofe said that hydraulic fracturing has never contaminated ground water in Oklahoma.[96] The U.S. senators from seven states (Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, South Dakota and Texas) cosponsored the bill.[97]
Paris Agreement
Inhofe co-authored and was one of 22 senators to sign a letter[98] to President Donald Trump urging him to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. According to OpenSecrets, Inhofe has received over $529,000 from the oil and gas industry since 2012.[99]
Political positions and controversies
Foreign policy
Israel Anti-Boycott Act
In October 2017, Inhofe co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (s. 720), which would have made it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government.[100][101]
Western Sahara
Inhofe has long supported the Polisario Front and has traveled to Algeria many times to meet with its leaders.[102][103] He has urged Morocco to hold a referendum on Western Saharan independence. In 2017, Inhofe blocked the Trump administration's nomination of J. Peter Pham for Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, citing a disagreement over Western Sahara.[104]
After the December 2020 Israel–Morocco normalization agreement, Inhofe sharply criticized the Trump administration for recognizing Morocco's claim over Western Sahara, calling the decision "shocking and deeply disappointing" and adding that he was "saddened that the rights of the Western Sahara people have been traded away".[105]
War in Afghanistan
Inhofe opposed the 2021 withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan under President Biden, saying that Biden should maintain "a relatively small troop presence until the conditions outlined in the 2020 U.S.-Taliban Agreement are fully implemented."[106]
Immigration
Inhofe wrote the Inhofe Amendment to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006, which was debated in Congress in May 2006. The amendment would make English the national language of the United States and require that new citizens take an English proficiency test. The amendment was passed on May 18, 2006, with 32 Democrats, one independent, and one Republican dissenting. The measure had 11 cosponsors, including one Democrat.[107]
Social issues
Gun policy
In the aftermath of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, Inhofe blamed the "culture of sanctuary cities" for the shootings.[108]
LGBT rights
Inhofe has generally been seen as overtly hostile by LGBT advocacy groups, earning a 0% in every one of his terms on Human Rights Campaign's position scorecard.[109] Inhofe is in favor of a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, against adding sexual orientation to the definition of hate crimes, and voted against prohibiting job discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.[110] Inhofe's office has said he "does not hire openly gay staffers due to the possibility of a conflict of agenda."[111]
Inhofe campaigned for his Senate seat in 1994 using the phrase "God, guns, and gays."[112][113] In 2008, his campaign was noted by the Associated Press for running an ad with "anti-gay overtones" featuring a wedding cake with two male figures on top, fading into his opponent's face.[114]
In 1999, along with Republican colleagues Tim Hutchinson and Bob Smith, and Republican Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, Inhofe stalled the nomination of James Hormel, a gay man, as US Ambassador to Luxembourg for over 20 months specifically because of Hormel's sexual orientation.[115] President Bill Clinton eventually appointed him in a recess appointment, making him the United States' first openly gay ambassador in June 1999, and angering Inhofe, who held up seven more Clinton appointees in retaliation.[116][117]
In 2015, Inhofe condemned the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, which held that same-sex marriage bans violated the constitution.[118]
Racial and gender civil rights
In 1995, Inhofe voted to ban affirmative action hiring with federal funds.[119] In 1997, he voted to end special funding for minority- and women-owned businesses. The bill he voted for would have abolished a program that helps businesses owned by women and minorities to compete for federally funded transportation; it did not pass.[120] The next year, Inhofe voted to repeal the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program,[121] which is designed to "remedy ongoing discrimination and the continuing effects of past discrimination in federally-assisted highway, transit, airport, and highway safety financial assistance transportation contracting markets nationwide" by allocating 10% of highway funds to benefit the business enterprises of racial minorities and women.[122]
Overall, in 2002, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) rated Inhofe at 20%, indicating that he has an anti-racial civil rights record.[123] Four years later, on December 31, 2006, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rated Inhofe at 7%, indicating that he has an anti-civil rights and anti-affirmative action record.[124]
Privacy
In 2001, Inhofe voted to loosen restrictions on cell phone wiretapping.[125] The bill, which passed, removed the requirement that a person or party implementing an order to wiretap a private citizen's cellphone must ascertain that the target of the surveillance is present in the house or using the phone that has been tapped.[126]
Free speech and expression
In 1995, Inhofe co-sponsored a constitutional amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would give Congress and individual U.S. states the power to prohibit the physical desecration of the American flag. The bill's primary sponsor was Orrin Hatch (R-UT).[127]
GI Bill reform
Inhofe, an initial sponsor of Senator Jim Webb's Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008, subsequently withdrew support for this bill to support S 2938, a competing bill that would have provided benefits beyond those offered in Webb's bill.[128] But he voted to enact Webb's legislation in June 2008.[129]
Inhofe agreed to support legislation allowing military mental health specialists to talk with veterans about private firearms in an effort to reduce suicides.[130]
Economic issues
Aviation
Trained by the U.S. Navy, Inhofe is one of the few members of Congress holding a Commercial Airman certificate. In 1994, when he first ran for the U.S. Senate, he used his plane as a daily campaign vehicle to travel throughout Oklahoma and visit almost every town in the state.[131] He has been influential in Senate and Congressional debates involving aircraft regulation.[132]
Taxpayer-funded travel
Inhofe has said that he has made over 140 trips to Africa over about 20 years and helped to get United States Africa Command established.[133] He has made multiple foreign trips, especially to Africa, on missions that he described as "a Jesus thing" and that were paid for by the U.S. government. He has used these trips for activities on behalf of The Fellowship, a Christian organization.[134] Inhofe has said that his trips included some governmental work but also involved "the political philosophy of Jesus, something that had been put together by Doug Coe, the leader of The Fellowship ... It's all scripturally based." Inhofe used his access as a Senator to pursue religious goals.[135]
Federal disaster relief
Inhofe has consistently voted against federal disaster relief, most notably in the case of relief for the 24 states affected by Hurricane Sandy,[136] but argued for federal aid when natural disasters hit Oklahoma.[137] In defense of his decision to vote against a relief fund for Sandy but not in Oklahoma after tornadoes ravaged it in May 2013, he claimed the situations were "totally different", in that the Sandy funding involved "Everybody getting in and exploiting the tragedy that took place. That won't happen in Oklahoma."[138] Inhofe pointedly did not thank President Obama for his attention to the tragedy in his state, so as to not be compared to Chris Christie.[139]
Earmarks
In April 2021, Inhofe expressed support for bringing back earmarks to the United States Senate.[140]
Presidential Impeachments
On February 12, 1999, Inhofe was one of 50 senators to vote to convict and remove Bill Clinton from office.[141] On February 5, 2020, he voted to acquit Donald Trump.
2016 presidential election
Early during the Republican Party presidential primaries in 2016, Inhofe endorsed fellow Republican John Kasich.[142] Since Trump's election, he has voted in line with Trump's position 94.2% of the time.[143]
Purchase of Raytheon stock
In December 2018, Inhofe bought $50,000 to $100,000 worth of stock in Raytheon, a major defense contractor that has billions of dollars' worth of contracts with the Pentagon. The week before, he had successfully lobbied the Trump administration to increase military spending. Ethics watchdogs said the purchase raised conflict of interest concerns, and noted that members of Congress are not allowed to purchase stocks on the basis of information that is not publicly available. Inhofe sold the stock shortly after reporters asked him about the purchase. He said the purchase was made by a third-party adviser who manages Inhofe's investments on his behalf.[144]
Judiciary
In March 2016, around seven months before the next presidential election, Inhofe argued that the Senate should not consider Obama's Supreme Court nominee because "we must let the people decide the Supreme Court's future" via the presidential election.[145] In September 2020, less than two months before the next presidential election, Inhofe supported an immediate vote on Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death.
Inhofe also voted to confirm Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh (Trump's other two Supreme Court nominations) while voting against Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan (Obama's two Supreme Court nominations). All four were successful.
2021 storming of the United States Capitol
On May 28, 2021, Inhofe abstained from voting on the creation of an independent commission to investigate the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[146]
Personal life
In 1959, Inhofe married Kay Kirkpatrick, with whom he has had four children (one of whom they adopted from Ethiopia and one of whom is deceased).[147][148][149]
Inhofe is a private pilot and flies a Van's Aircraft RV-8 he built in 2002. He has attended the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh gathering over 40 times; in 2021, he said, "I've slept in the same tent for 20 years. If you're not sleeping in a tent, it's not like being at Oshkosh."[150][151][152][153]
On November 10, 2013, Inhofe's son, Perry Inhofe, died in a plane crash in Owasso, Oklahoma, flying alone for the first time since training in a newly acquired Mitsubishi MU-2.[149]
Inhofe was the first recipient of the U.S. Air Force Academy's Character and Leadership Award for his character and leadership in public service.[154]
Electoral history
Oklahoma governor
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe | 88,594 | 58.76 | ||
| Republican | Denzil D. Garrison | 62,188 | 41.24 | ||
| Total votes | 150,782 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Democratic | David Boren | 514,389 | 63.91 | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe | 290,459 | 36.09 | ||
| Total votes | 804,848 | 100.00 | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Tulsa mayor
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jim Inhofe | 39,236 | 51.05 | ||
| Democratic | Rodger Randle | 35,213 | 45.81 | ||
| independent (politician) | Jim Primdahl, Jr. | 2,412 | 3.14 | ||
| Total votes | 76,861 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 43,463 | 59.29 | ||
| Democratic | Tom Seymour | 27,177 | 37.07 | ||
| independent (politician) | Robert T. Murphy | 2,668 | 3.64 | ||
| Total votes | 73,308 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
U.S. Representative
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe | 19,575 | 54.21 | ||
| Republican | Bill Colvert | 10,577 | 29.29 | ||
| Republican | Joan Hastings | 5,956 | 16.49 | ||
| Total votes | 36,108 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe | 78,919 | 54.79 | ||
| Democratic | Gary D. Allison | 61,663 | 42.81 | ||
| independent (politician) | Carl E. McCullough, Jr. | 3,455 | 2.40 | ||
| Total votes | 144,037 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican gain from Democratic | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 103,458 | 52.63 | ||
| Democratic | Kurt Glassco | 93,101 | 47.37 | ||
| Total votes | 196,559 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 75,618 | 55.96 | ||
| Democratic | Kurt Glassco | 59,521 | 44.04 | ||
| Total votes | 135,139 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 36,354 | 67.71 | ||
| Republican | Richard L. Bunn | 17,339 | 32.29 | ||
| Total votes | 53,693 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 119,211 | 52.79 | ||
| Democratic | John Selph | 106,619 | 47.21 | ||
| Total votes | 225,830 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
U.S. Senator
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe | 159,001 | 77.80 | ||
| Republican | Tony Caldwell | 45,359 | 22.20 | ||
| Total votes | 204,360 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe | 542,390 | 55.21 | ||
| Democratic | Dave McCurdy | 392,488 | 40.56 | ||
| independent (politician) | Danny Corn | 47,552 | 4.84 | ||
| Total votes | 982,430 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican gain from Democratic | |||||
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 116,241 | 75.34 | ||
| Republican | Dan Lowe | 38,044 | 24.66 | ||
| Total votes | 154,285 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 670,610 | 56.68 | ||
| Democratic | Jim Boren | 474,162 | 40.08 | ||
| independent (politician) | Bill Maguire | 15,092 | 1.28 | ||
| Libertarian | Agnes Marie Regier | 14,595 | 1.23 | ||
| independent (politician) | Chris Nedbalek | 8,691 | 0.73 | ||
| Total votes | 1,183,150 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 583,579 | 57.30 | ||
| Democratic | David Walters | 369,789 | 36.31 | ||
| independent (politician) | James Germalic | 65,056 | 6.39 | ||
| Total votes | 1,018,424 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 116,371 | 84.18 | ||
| Republican | Evelyn L. Rogers | 10,770 | 7.79 | ||
| Republican | Ted Ryals | 7,306 | 5.28 | ||
| Republican | Dennis Lopez | 3,800 | 2.75 | ||
| Total votes | 138,247 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 763,375 | 56.68 | ||
| Democratic | Andrew Rice | 527,736 | 39.18 | ||
| independent (politician) | Stephen P. Wallace | 55,708 | 4.14 | ||
| Total votes | 1,346,819 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 231,291 | 87.68 | ||
| Republican | Evelyn Rogers | 11,960 | 4.53 | ||
| Republican | Erick Paul Wyatt | 11,713 | 4.44 | ||
| Republican | Rob Moye | 4,846 | 1.84 | ||
| Republican | Jean McBride-Samuels | 3,965 | 1.50 | ||
| Total votes | 263,775 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 558,166 | 68.01 | ||
| Democratic | Matt Silverstein | 234,307 | 28.55 | ||
| independent (politician) | Joan Farr | 10,554 | 1.29 | ||
| independent (politician) | Ray Woods | 9,913 | 1.21 | ||
| independent (politician) | Aaron DeLozier | 7,793 | 0.95 | ||
| Total votes | 820,733 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
| Primary election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 277,868 | 74.05 | ||
| Republican | JJ Stitt | 57,433 | 15.31 | ||
| Republican | John Tompkins | 23,563 | 6.28 | ||
| Republican | Neil Mavis | 16,363 | 4.36 | ||
| Total votes | 375,227 | 100.00 | |||
| General election | |||||
| Republican | Jim Inhofe (incumbent) | 979,140 | 62.91 | ||
| Democratic | Abby Broyles | 509,763 | 32.75 | ||
| Libertarian | Robert Murphy | 34,435 | 2.21 | ||
| independent (politician) | Joan Farr | 21,652 | 1.39 | ||
| independent (politician) | J.D. Nesbit | 11,371 | 0.73 | ||
| Total votes | 1,556,361 | 100.00 | |||
| Republican hold | |||||
See also
Notes
- ^ Served as acting chairman in the absence of John McCain from December 2017 – September 6, 2018.[1]
References
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The single most prominent Republican when it comes to climate change denial is Oklahoma Senator James Inhofe, famous for claiming in a Senate speech that global warming is 'the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people.'
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- ^ Inhofe, Jim (January 19, 2017). "Hugh Hewitt Show" (Interview). Interviewed by Hugh Hewitt.
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- ^ Joint Committee on Printing (2014). Official Congressional Directory: 113th Congress. Government Printing Office. p. 212. ISBN 9780160919220.
- ^ a b Lynch, Kerry. . Aviation Week. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
- ^ Tom Snow (August 18, 2021). "Senator continues fighting for general aviation — General Aviation News". generalaviationnews.com. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
- ^ "FAA N-Number Lookup: N4546Y". faa.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
Manufacturer Name INHOFE JAMES M / DAVIS JIM Certificate Issue Date 07/10/2002
- ^ Tim Talley (July 4, 2016). "Sen. Jim Inhofe forced landing latest incident for the pilot". AP NEWS. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
- ^ Tom Snow (September 1, 2015). "Inhofe continues fight for pilots' rights — General Aviation News". generalaviationnews.com. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
An active pilot for 60 of his 80 years, Inhofe is truly "one of us" and at this year's AirVenture, as in the past 36 consecutive years, he camped in the North 40 at his usual spot near Runway 9-27.
- ^ "Inhofe Honored with Air Force Leadership Award". inhofe.senate.gov. The Office of Senator James M. Inhofe. March 5, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
- ^ "Election Results 1968-1974" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Mayor – Tulsa, OK". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Mayor – Tulsa, OK". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1986" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1988" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1990" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1992" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1994 Primary Election" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1994 General Election" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1996 Primary Election" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 1996 General Election" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 2002 General Election" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Election Results 2008 Primary Election". ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ . ok.gov. Archived from the original on April 7, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "Official Results: Statewide Primary Election — June 24, 2014" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)[dead link] - ^ "Official Results: Statewide General Election — November 4, 2014" (PDF). ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)[dead link] - ^ "2020 June Primary Election and Special Elections". ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- ^ "2020 November General Election". ok.gov. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
Sources
- Gerald Kutney (February 3, 2014). Carbon Politics and the Failure of the Kyoto Protocol. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-91466-2.
External links
- Senator James Inhofe official U.S. Senate website
- Reports and White Papers from the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, many of which were produced by Sen. Inhofe's staff
- Jim Inhofe at Curlie
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
- Profile at Vote Smart
- Voices of Oklahoma interview with Jim Inhofe. First person interview conducted on September 29, 2011, with Jim Inhofe.