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Anguilla

December 04, 2023

This article is about the Caribbean British Overseas Territory. For other uses, see Anguilla (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Anguillita or Antigua.

Anguilla (/æŋˈɡwɪlə/ ang-GWIL-ə) is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean.[6] It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin.[7] The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla, approximately 16 miles (26 kilometres) long by 3 miles (5 km) wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The territory's capital is The Valley.[8] The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles (91 km2),[9] with a population of approximately 15,753[2][3] (2021).

Anguilla
British Overseas Territory

Flag

Coat of arms
Motto: 
"Unity, Strength and Endurance"
Anthem: "God Save the King"
National song: "God Bless Anguilla"
Location of Anguilla (red)
Sovereign state United Kingdom
English control1667
Federation with Saint Kitts and Nevis1871
Secession and independence12 July 1967
British control restored18 March 1969
Capital
and largest city
The Valley
Official languagesEnglish
Ethnic groups
(2011)[1]
Demonym(s)Anguillan
GovernmentParliamentary dependency under a constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Charles III
• Governor
Julia Crouch
• Deputy Governor
Perin A. Bradley
• Premier
Ellis Webster
LegislatureHouse of Assembly
Government of the United Kingdom
• Minister
David Rutley
Area
• Total
91 km2 (35 sq mi)
• Water (%)
negligible
Highest elevation
73 m (240 ft)
Population
• 2021 estimate
15,753[2][3] (not ranked)
• 2011 census
13,452
• Density
132/km2 (341.9/sq mi) (not ranked)
GDP (PPP)2014 estimate
• Total
$311 million[4]
• Per capita
$29,493
GDP (nominal)2020 estimate
• Total
US$307,000,000[5]
CurrencyEastern Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Time zoneUTC–4 (AST)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideleft
Calling code+1-264
UK postcode
AI-2640
ISO 3166 codeAI
Internet TLD.ai
Websitegov.ai

Etymology edit

The native Arawak name for the island was Malliouhana.[7]

In reference to the island's shape, the Italian anguilla, meaning "eel" (in turn, from the Latin diminutive of anguis, "snake") was used as its name.[8][10][11][12] Christopher Columbus is held in Anguillan tradition to have named the island.[13]

History edit

Main article: History of Anguilla
 
Wallblake House, a plantation house thought to be the oldest building in Anguilla

Anguilla was first settled by Indigenous Amerindian peoples who migrated from South America.[7] The earliest Native American artefacts found on Anguilla have been dated to around 1300 BC; remains of settlements date from AD 600.[14][15] There are two known petroglyph sites in Anguilla: Big Spring and Fountain Cavern. The rock ledges of Big Spring contain over 100 petroglyphs (dating back to AD 600–1200), the majority consisting of three indentations that form faces.[16]

Precisely when Anguilla was first seen by Europeans is uncertain: some sources claim that Columbus sighted the island during his second voyage in 1493, while others state that the first European explorer was the French Huguenot nobleman and merchant René Goulaine de Laudonnière in 1564.[15] The Dutch West India Company established a fort on the island in 1631. However, the Company later withdrew after its fort was destroyed by the Spanish in 1633.[17]

Traditional accounts state that Anguilla was first colonised by English settlers from Saint Kitts beginning in 1650.[10][18][19] The settlers focused on planting tobacco, and to a lesser extent cotton.[7] The French temporarily took over the island in 1666 but returned it to English control under the terms of the Treaty of Breda the next year.[7] Major John Scott who visited in September 1667, wrote of leaving the island "in good condition" and noted that in July 1668, "200 or 300 people fled thither in time of war".[20] The French attacked again in 1688, 1745 and 1798, causing much destruction but failing to capture the island.[7][15]

The Indigenous Amerindian population was almost entirely gone within decades of European contact, with disease and enslavement as contributing factors.[13] It is likely that the early European settlers brought enslaved Africans with them. Historians confirm that African slaves lived in the region in the early 17th century, such as slaves from Senegal living on St Kitts in the mid-1600s.[21] By 1672 a slave depot existed on the island of Nevis, serving the Leeward Islands.[citation needed] While the time of African arrival in Anguilla is difficult to place precisely, archival evidence indicates a substantial African presence of at least 100 enslaved people by 1683; these seem to have come from Central Africa as well as West Africa.[22] The slaves were forced to work on the sugar plantations which had begun to replace tobacco as Anguilla's main crop.[7] Over time the African slaves and their descendants came to vastly outnumber the white settlers.[7] The African slave trade was eventually terminated within the British Empire in 1807, and slavery was outlawed completely in 1834.[7] Many planters subsequently sold up or left the island.[7]

During the early colonial period, Anguilla was administered by the British through Antigua; in 1825, it was placed under the administrative control of nearby Saint Kitts.[15] Anguilla was federated with St Kitts and Nevis in 1882, against the wishes of many Anguillans.[7] Economic stagnation, and the severe effects of several droughts in the 1890s and later the Great Depression of the 1930s led many Anguillans to emigrate for better prospects elsewhere.[7]

 
Flag of the short-lived Republic of Anguilla

Full adult suffrage was introduced to Anguilla in 1952.[7] After a brief period as part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962), the island of Anguilla became part of the associated state of Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla with full internal autonomy in 1967.[23] However many Anguillans had no wish to be a part of this union, and resented the dominance of St Kitts within it. On 30 May 1967 Anguillans forcibly ejected the St Kitts police force from the island and declared their separation from St Kitts following a referendum.[24][7][25] The events, led by Atlin Harrigan[26] and Ronald Webster among others, became known as the Anguillan Revolution; its goal was not independence per se, but rather independence from Saint Kitts and Nevis and a return to being a British colony.

With negotiations failing to break the deadlock, a second referendum confirming Anguillans' desire for separation from St Kitts was held and the Republic of Anguilla was declared unilaterally, with Ronald Webster as president. Efforts by British envoy William Whitlock failed to break the impasse and 300 British troops were subsequently sent in March 1969.[7] British authority was restored, and confirmed by the Anguilla Act of July 1971.[7] In 1980, Anguilla was finally allowed to formally secede from Saint Kitts and Nevis and become a separate British Crown colony (now a British overseas territory).[27][28][23][6][7] Since then, Anguilla has been politically stable, and has seen a large growth in its tourism and offshore financing sectors.[7]

Geography and geology edit

Main article: Geography of Anguilla
 
An aerial view of the western portion of the island of Anguilla. The Blowing Point ferry terminal is visible in the lower right, as are (right to left) Shaddick Point, Rendezvous Bay, Cove Bay and Maundays Bay.

Anguilla is a flat, low-lying island of coral and limestone in the Caribbean Sea, measuring some 16 miles (26 km) long and 3.5 miles (6 km) in width.[7] It lies to the east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin, separated from that island by the Anguilla Channel.[7][8] The soil is generally thin and poor, supporting scrub, tropical and forest vegetation.[8] The terrain is generally low-lying, with the highest terrain located in the vicinity of The Valley; Crocus Hill, Anguilla's highest peak at 240 feet (73 m), lies in the western regions of the town.[8]

Anguilla is noted for its ecologically important coral reefs and beaches. Apart from the main island of Anguilla itself, the territory includes a number of other smaller islands and cays, mostly tiny and uninhabited:

Geology edit

Main article: Geology of Anguilla

Anguilla (and the wider Anguilla Bank) is of volcanic origin, lying on the Lesser Antilles volcanic island arc, and tuffs and volcaniclastic breccias of Eocene age are exposed locally on the island.[29] The island was largely submerged during the Miocene, leading to the formation of the reefal limestone Anguilla Formation, which was subsequently tectonically uplifted and covers most of the island today.[29][30] Since the late Pleistocene, however, Anguilla has undergone tectonic subsidence at a rate of around 1-2mm/yr.[31]

 
Map showing the location of Anguilla relative to Sint Maarten/Saint Martin and other islands to its south
 
Map of Anguilla

Climate edit

Main article: Climate of Anguilla

Temperature edit

Northeastern trade winds keep this tropical island relatively cool and dry. Average annual temperature is 80 °F (27 °C).[9] July–October is its hottest period, December–February, its coolest.

Rainfall edit

Rainfall averages 35 inches (890 mm) annually,[9] although the figures vary from season to season and year to year. The island is subject to both sudden tropical storms and hurricanes, which occur in the period from July to November. The island suffered damage in 1995 from Hurricane Luis and severe flooding 5 to 20 feet (1.5 to 6 metres) from Hurricane Lenny in 1999.

Governance edit

Political system edit

Main article: Politics of Anguilla
See also: Law of Anguilla

Anguilla is an internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom.[8] Its politics take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Premier is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.[8] A governor is appointed by the British government to represent the king.

The United Nations Committee on Decolonization includes Anguilla on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories. The territory's constitution is the Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982 (amended 1990).[8] Executive power is exercised by the government, with legislative power being vested in both the government and the House of Assembly.[8] The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.[7]

Defence edit

As a British overseas territory, the UK is responsible for Anguilla's military defence,[7][8] although there are no active garrisons or armed forces present in the territory. Since 2020, the Royal Navy has forward-deployed the offshore patrol vessel HMS Medway long-term to the Caribbean for patrol and sovereignty protection duties.[32] In October 2023, the destroyer HMS Dauntless (which had temporarily replaced Medway on her normal Caribbean tasking), visited the territory in order to assist local authorities in preparing for the climax of the hurricane season.[33]

Anguilla had a small marine police force, comprising around 32 personnel, which operated one VT Halmatic M160-class 52-foot fast patrol boat.[citation needed] Policing on the island is the responsibility of the Royal Anguilla Police Force.

Population edit

Demographics edit

Main article: Demographics of Anguilla

The majority of residents (90.08%) are black, most of whom are the descendants of enslaved people transported from Africa.[7] Minorities include whites at 3.74% and people of mixed race at 4.65% (figures from 2001 census).

72% of the population is Anguillan while 28% is non-Anguillan (2001 census). Of the non-Anguillan population, many are citizens of the United States, United Kingdom, St Kitts & Nevis, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Nigeria.[34]

2006 and 2007 saw an influx of large numbers of Chinese, Indian and Mexican workers, brought in as labour for major tourist developments due to the local population not being large enough to support the labour requirements.[35]

Religion edit

Christian churches did not have a consistent or strong presence during the initial period of English colonisation; spiritual and religious practices of Europeans and Africans tended to reflect their regional origins. As early as 1813, Christian ministers formally ministered to enslaved Africans and promoted literacy among converts.[36] The Wesleyan (Methodist) Missionary Society of England built churches and schools from 1817.[37]

According to the 2001 census, Christianity is Anguilla's predominant religion, with 29% of the population practising Anglicanism; another 23.9% are Methodist.[7] Other churches on the island include Seventh-day Adventist, Baptist, Roman Catholic (served by the Diocese of Saint John's–Basseterre, with the See at Saint John on Antigua and Barbuda) and a small community of Jehovah's Witnesses (0.7%).[38] Between 1992 and 2001, the number of followers of the Church of God and Pentecostals increased considerably.[citation needed] There are at least 15 churches on the island. Although a minority on the island, Anguilla is an important location to followers of Rastafarian religion as the birthplace of Robert Athlyi Rogers, author of the Holy Piby which had a strong influence on Rastafarian and other Africa-centre belief systems.[39][40] More recently, a Muslim cultural centre has opened on the island.[38]

Religions in Anguilla[38]
by percentage
Religion 1992 2001 2011
Anglican 40.4 29.0 22.7
Methodist 33.2 23.9 19.4
Pentecostal – 7.7 10.5
Seventh-day Adventist 7.0 7.6 8.3
Baptist 4.7 7.3 7.1
Catholic 3.2 5.7 6.8
Church of God – 7.6 4.9
Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.7 1.1
Rastafarian – 0.7
Evangelical – 0.5
Plymouth Brethren – 0.3 0.1
Muslim – 0.3
Presbyterian – 0.2 0.2
Hindu – 0.4
Jewish – 0.1
None – 4.0 4.5
Other 10.7 3.5
Not stated 0.7 0.3

Languages edit

Main article: Anguillian Creole
 
Anguillan Flag

Today most people in Anguilla speak a British-influenced variety of standard English.[8] Other languages are also spoken on the island, including varieties of Spanish, Chinese and the languages of other immigrant communities. However, the most common language other than Standard English is the island's own English-lexifier Creole language (not to be confused with Antillean Creole ('French Creole'), spoken in French islands such as Martinique and Guadeloupe). It is referred to locally by terms such as "dialect" (pronounced "dialek"), Anguilla Talk or "Anguillian".[41] It has its main roots in early varieties of English and West African languages, and is similar to the dialects spoken in English-speaking islands throughout the Eastern Caribbean in terms of its structural features.[42]

Linguists who are interested in the origins of Anguillan and other Caribbean Creoles point out that some of its grammatical features can be traced to African languages while others can be traced to European languages. Three areas have been identified as significant for the identification of the linguistic origins of those forced migrants who arrived before 1710: the Gold Coast, the Slave Coast and the Windward Coast.[43]

Sociohistorical information from Anguilla's archives suggest that Africans and Europeans formed two distinct, but perhaps overlapping speech communities in the early phases of the island's colonisation. "Anguillian" is believed to have emerged as the language of the masses as time passed, slavery was abolished and locals began to see themselves as "belonging" to Anguillan society.[22]

Education edit

Main article: Education in Anguilla

There are six government primary schools, one government secondary school (Albena Lake Hodge Comprehensive School), and two private schools.[44] There is a single library, the Edison L. Hughes Education & Library Complex of the Anguilla Public Library.[45] A branch of the Saint James School of Medicine was established in 2011 in Anguilla.[46] It is a private, for-profit medical school headquartered in Park Ridge, Illinois.[47]

There is a University of the West Indies Open campus site in the island.[48]

Culture edit

 
The beach at the Cap Juluca resort on Maundays Bay
 
Sandy Ground beach

The island's cultural history begins with the native Taino, Arawak and Carib. Their artifacts have been found around the island, telling of life before European settlers arrived.[49]

Anguillan culture has also been built through immigration. Many European families have moved to the island and have impacted the formalities of the Anguillan people. Restaurants such as Dolce Vita and Roy's Bayside Grill, located in Sandy Ground, represent the European culture assimilating within the island.

Similar to nearby islands, Anguillans geography and location require a cultural reliance on the ocean. The island's abundance of sea life has led to the incorporation of many fish and crustacean into daily life. They have become a part of the local cuisine, opened up opportunities for ecotourism, and introduced celebrations such as Lobster Fest and boat races.

As throughout the Caribbean, holidays are a cultural fixture. Anguilla's most important holidays are of historic as much as cultural importance – particularly the anniversary of the emancipation (previously August Monday in the Park), celebrated as the Summer Festival, or Carnival,[7] the sailboat races, and Lobster Fest. British festivities, such as the King's Birthday, are also celebrated.[50]

Music in Anguilla presents itself as an important part of its culture as well. All different genres of music are played at the celebrations mentioned above. This music represents the deep history of talent that Anguillans have displayed for decades.

The Anguilla National Trust (ANT) was established in 1989 and opened its current office in 1991 charged with the responsibility of preserving the heritage of the island, including its cultural heritage.[51]

Cuisine edit

Main article: Anguillan cuisine
 
Sunshine Shack Beachbar N Grill located in Rendezvous Bay

Anguillan cuisine is influenced by native Caribbean, West African, Spanish, French, and English cuisines.[52] Seafood is abundant, including prawns, shrimp, crab, spiny lobster, conch, mahi-mahi, red snapper, marlin, and grouper.[52] Salt cod is a staple food eaten on its own and used in stews, casseroles and soups.[52] Livestock is limited due to the small size of the island and people there use poultry, pork, goat, and mutton, along with imported beef.[52] Goat is the most commonly eaten meat, used in a variety of dishes.[52] The official national food of Anguilla is pigeon peas and rice.[53]

A significant amount of the island's produce is imported due to limited land suitable for agriculture production; much of the soil is sandy and infertile.[52] The agriculture produce of Anguilla includes tomatoes, peppers, limes and other citrus fruits, onion, garlic, squash, pigeon peas, and callaloo. Starch staple foods include imported rice and other foods that are imported or locally grown, including yams,[54] sweet potatoes[54] and breadfruit.[52]

Literature edit

The Anguilla National Trust has programmes encouraging Anguillan writers and the preservation of the island's history. In 2015, Where I See The Sun – Contemporary Poetry in Anguilla A New Anthology by Lasana M. Sekou was published by House of Nehesi Publishers.[55] Among the forty three poets in the collection are Rita Celestine-Carty, Bankie Banx, John T. Harrigan, Patricia J. Adams, Fabian Fahie, Dr. Oluwakemi Linda Banks, and Reuel Ben Lewi.[56]

Music edit

Main article: Music of Anguilla
 
Bankie Banx, noted reggae artist and poet from Anguilla who has built up an international following

Various Caribbean musical genres are popular on the island, such as soca and calypso, but reggae most deeply roots itself in Anguillan society. Anguilla has produced many artists and groups in this genre.

Reggae has shown itself to be the most popular genre in Anguilla. The most successful of reggae artists originating in Anguilla come from the Banks family. Bankie "Banx" and his son Omari Banks have had many chart-topping songs listened to around the world. The two musicians continue to provide live performances across the island quite often.

British Dependency has also gained popularity throughout the 21st century. The band, who began in Anguilla, boasts the island's first female bass player. Performing alongside The Wailers on tour, British Dependency have earned attention from an American audience.

One of many musical events that take place in Anguilla is Moonsplash. Moonsplash is an annual reggae music festival that has occurred in Anguilla for 33 consecutive years and proves to be the oldest independent musical event in the Caribbean. Along with its longstanding history, it is the largest festival annually alongside carnival.

While not many soca and calypso artists have gained extreme popularity, the genres are still widely listened to across the island.

Sports edit

See also: Sailing in Anguilla, Cricket in the West Indies, and Rugby union in Anguilla

Boat racing has deep roots in Anguillan culture and is the national sport.[7] There are regular sailing regattas on national holidays, such as Carnival, which are contested by locally built and designed boats. These boats have names and have sponsors that print their logo on their sails.

As in many other former British colonies, cricket is also a popular sport. Anguilla is the home of Omari Banks, who played for the West Indies Cricket Team, while Cardigan Connor played first-class cricket for English county side Hampshire and was 'chef de mission' (team manager) for Anguilla's Commonwealth Games team in 2002. Other noted players include Chesney Hughes, who played for Derbyshire County Cricket Club in England.

Rugby union is represented in Anguilla by the Anguilla Eels RFC, who were formed in April 2006.[57] The Eels have been finalists in the St. Martin tournament in November 2006 and semi-finalists in 2007, 2008, 2009 and Champions in 2010. The Eels were formed in 2006 by Scottish club national second row Martin Welsh, Club Sponsor and President of the AERFC Ms. Jacquie Ruan, and Canadian standout Scrumhalf Mark Harris (Toronto Scottish RFC).

Anguilla is the birthplace of sprinter Zharnel Hughes who has represented Great Britain since 2015, and England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. He won the 100 metres at the 2018 European Athletics Championships, the 4 x 100 metres at the same championships, and the 4 x 100 metres for England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. He also won a 4 × 100 m relay team gold at the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games and a silver on the 4 × 100 m relay for Great Britain at the 2020 Olympic Games.[58] In 2023 he broke the British record for the 100m sprint, with a time of 9.83 seconds.[59]

Shara Proctor, British Long Jump Silver Medalist at the World Championships in Beijing, first represented Anguilla in the event until 2010 when she began to represent Great Britain and England. Under the Anguillan Flag she achieved several medals in the NACAC games.[60]

Keith Connor, triple jumper, is also an Anguillan. He represented Great Britain and England and achieved several international titles including Commonwealth and European Games gold medals and an Olympic bronze medal. Keith later became Head Coach of Australia Athletics.[61]

Natural history edit

Wildlife edit

 
The Cuban tree frog can be found on the island.

Anguilla has habitat for the Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis).[62] The red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) is a species of tortoise found here, which originally came from South America.[49] Hurricanes in the mid-90s led to over-water dispersal of the green iguanas (Iguana iguana) to Anguilla.[63] All three animals are introductions.[49]

Five species of bats are known in the literature from Anguilla – the threatened insular single leaf bat (Monophyllus plethodon), the Antillean fruit-eating bat (Brachyphylla cavernarum), the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), the Mexican funnel-eared bat (Natalus stramineus), and the velvety free-tailed bat (Molossus molossus).[64]

Notable people edit

Economy edit

Main article: Economy of Anguilla
 
2019 export percentages

Anguilla's thin arid soil being largely unsuitable for agriculture, the island has few land-based natural resources.[8] Its main industries are tourism, offshore incorporation and management, offshore banking, captive insurance and fishing.[8][7]

Anguilla's currency is the East Caribbean dollar, though the US dollar is also widely accepted.[7] The exchange rate is fixed to the US dollar at US$1 = EC$2.70.

The economy, and especially the tourism sector, suffered a setback in late 1995 due to the effects of Hurricane Luis in September. Hotels were hit particularly hard but a recovery occurred the following year. Another economic setback occurred during the aftermath of Hurricane Lenny in 2000.[65] Before the 2008 worldwide crisis, the economy of Anguilla was growing strongly, especially the tourism sector, which was driving major new developments in partnerships with multi-national companies. Anguilla's tourism industry received a major boost when it was selected to host the World Travel Awards in December 2014. Known as "the Oscars of the travel industry", the awards ceremony was held at the CuisinArt Resort and Spa and was hosted by Vivica A. Fox. Anguilla was voted the World's Leading Luxury Island Destination from a short list of top-tier candidates such as St. Barts, the Maldives, and Mauritius.[66]

Anguilla's financial system comprises seven banks,[67] two money services businesses, more than 40 company managers, more than 50 insurers, 12 brokers, more than 250 captive intermediaries, more than 50 mutual funds, and eight trust companies.[68]

Anguilla has become a popular tax haven, having no capital gains, estate, profit, sales, or corporate taxes. In April 2011, faced with a mounting deficit, it introduced a 3% "Interim Stabilisation Levy", Anguilla's first form of income tax. Anguilla also has a 0.75% property tax.[69]

Anguilla aims to obtain 15% of its energy from solar power to become less reliant on expensive imported diesel. The Climate & Development Knowledge Network is helping the government gather the information it needs to change the territory's legislation, so that it can integrate renewables into its grid. Barbados has also made good progress in switching to renewables, but many other Small Island Developing States are still at the early stages of planning how to integrate renewable energy into their grids. "For a small island we're very far ahead," said Beth Barry, Coordinator of the Anguilla Renewable Energy Office. "We've got an Energy Policy and a draft Climate Change policy and have been focusing efforts on the question of sustainable energy supply for several years now. As a result, we have a lot of information we can share with other islands."[70]

According to a Bloomberg report, due to a skyrocketing interest in artificial intelligence, Anguilla was expected to profit in 2023 from a surge in demand for web addresses ending with the country's top-level domain .ai. The total number of registrations of .ai domain names had already doubled in 2022, and according to Vince Cate, who has managed the top-level domain, Anguilla will bring in as much as $30 million in domain-registration fees for 2023.[71]

Transportation edit

Main article: Transport in Anguilla

Air edit

Anguilla is served by Clayton J. Lloyd International Airport (prior to 4 July 2010 known as Wallblake Airport). The primary runway at the airport is 5,462 feet (1,665 m) in length and can accommodate moderate-sized aircraft. Regional scheduled passenger services connect to various other Caribbean islands via local airlines.

In December 2021 Anguilla inaugurated its first ever international regular commercial jet service flight to and from the mainland U.S. American Eagle operating on behalf of American Airlines began nonstop Embraer 175 regional jet service to Anguilla from Miami[72] in an aviation watershed moment for Anguilla with the airport also currently attempting to attract other international air carriers.

Other airlines currently serving the airport include Tradewind Aviation and Cape Air which provide scheduled air service to San Juan, Puerto Rico. Several other small airlines serve the airport as well.

The airport can handle large narrow-body jets such as the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 and has growing private jet service flights with a new private jet terminal being built.

Road edit

Aside from taxis, there is no public transport on the island. Cars drive on the left.

Boat edit

There are regular ferries from Saint Martin to Anguilla. It is a 20-minute crossing from Marigot, St. Martin to Blowing Point, Anguilla. Ferries commence service from 7:00 am. There is also a charter service, from Blowing Point, Anguilla to Princess Juliana Airport to make travel easier. This way of travel is the most common method of transport between Anguilla and St. Martin.

See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  3. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  4. ^ "UN Data". from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  5. ^ UNCTAD. . UNCTADstat. Archived from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Anguilla". The World Factbook (2023 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 October 2009. (Archived 2009 edition)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Encyclopedia Britannica – Anguilla". Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Anguilla". The World Factbook (2023 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 11 July 2019. (Archived 2019 edition)
  9. ^ a b c "Anguilla Facts". Government of Anguilla. from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
  10. ^ a b Martin (1839).
  11. ^ EB (1878).
  12. ^ EB (1911).
  13. ^ a b Robinson, Lisa Clayton (2005). "Anguilla". In Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Africa. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 212–213. ISBN 9780195223255.
  14. ^ Caribbean Islands, Sarah Cameron (Footprint Travel Guides), p. 466 (Google Books)
  15. ^ a b c d , The Anguilla House of Assembly Elections, Government of Anguilla, 2007, archived from the original on 13 August 2007, retrieved 9 June 2015
  16. ^ Source: The Anguilla National Trust - Preservation for Generations.
  17. ^ Source: Atlas of Mutual Heritage 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ^ Charles Prestwood Lucas (2009). A Historical Geography of the British Colonies: The West Indies. General Books LLC. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-4590-0868-7.
  19. ^ "Encyclopedia Britannica - Anguilla". Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  20. ^ British Colonial and State Papers 1661–1668, 16 November 1667 and 9 July 1668.
  21. ^ Hubbard, Vincent K. (2002). A History of St Kitts: The Sweet Trade. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-74760-5.
  22. ^ a b Walicek, Don E. (2009). "The Founder Principle and Anguilla's Homestead Society," Gradual Creolization: Studies Celebrating Jacques Arends, ed. by M. van den Berg, H. Cardoso, and R. Selbach. (Creole Language Library Series 34), Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 349–372.
  23. ^ a b "Encyclopedia Britannica – St Kitts and Nevis". Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  24. ^ Anguilla, 11 July 1967: Separation from St Kitts and Nevis; Peace Committee as Government Direct Democracy (in German)
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Further reading edit

  • Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Anguilla" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 46–47
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Anguilla" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 42–43
  • Hakluyt, Richard (1904), "The second voyage unto Florida, made and written by Captaine Laudonniere, which fortified and inhabited there two Summers and one whole Winter", The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, & Discoveries of the English Nation Made by Sea or Over-land to the Remote and Farthest Distant Quarters of the Earth at any time within the compasse of these 1600 Yeeres, Vol. IX Made to Florida and New Mexico; certeine Voyages made for the discovery of the Gulfe of California, and to the famous city of Mexico, with the Discourses and Letters depending upon the Voyages of this ninth Volume, Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons.
  • Law, Gwillim (1999), "Chapter XIV. Anguilla", Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, McFarland, p. 29, ISBN 978-0-7864-6097-7
  • Martin, Robert Montgomery (1839), Statistics of the Colonies of the British Empire in the West Indies, South America, North America, Asia, Austral-Asia, Africa and Europe; comprising the Area, Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Shipping, Custom Duties, Population, Education, Religion, Crime, Government, Finances, Laws, Military Defence, Cultivated and Waste Lands, Emigration, Rates of Wages, Prices of Provisions, Banks, Coins, Staple Products, Stock, Moveable and Immoveable Property, Public Companies, &c. of Each Colony; with the Charters and the Engraved Seals. From the Official Records of the Colonial Office., London: William H. Allen & Co., p. 102.
  • Brisk, William J. (1969). The dilemma of a ministate: Anguilla. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-179-X.
  • Harris, David R. - Plants, Animals and Man in the Outer Leeward Islands, West Indies. An Ecological Study of Antigua, Barbuda, and Anguilla.
  • Kobbé, Montague (2013). The Night of the Rambler. New York: Akashic Books. ISBN 9781617751813.
  • Kobbé, Montague (2016). On the Way Back. New York: Akashic Books. ISBN 9781617754418.
  • Marten, Neil (1969). Their's Not to Reason Why: Study of the Anguillan Operations as Presented to Parliament. London: Conservative Political Centre. ISBN 0-85070-437-5.
  • Westlake, Donald (1972). Under an English Heaven. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-21311-3.

External links edit

Government edit

  • Government of Anguilla—Official government website

General information edit

18°13′38″N 63°02′56″W / 18.22723°N 63.04899°W / 18.22723; -63.04899

December 04, 2023
anguilla, this, article, about, caribbean, british, overseas, territory, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, anguillita, antigua, gwil, british, overseas, territory, caribbean, most, northerly, leeward, islands, lesser, antilles, lying, east, puerto, . This article is about the Caribbean British Overseas Territory For other uses see Anguilla disambiguation Not to be confused with Anguillita or Antigua Anguilla ae ŋ ˈ ɡ w ɪ l e ang GWIL e is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean 6 It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin 7 The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla approximately 16 miles 26 kilometres long by 3 miles 5 km wide at its widest point together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population The territory s capital is The Valley 8 The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles 91 km2 9 with a population of approximately 15 753 2 3 2021 AnguillaBritish Overseas TerritoryFlagCoat of armsMotto Unity Strength and Endurance Anthem God Save the King source track track track track track track track track track National song God Bless Anguilla source source Location of Anguilla red Sovereign state United KingdomEnglish control1667Federation with Saint Kitts and Nevis1871Secession and independence12 July 1967British control restored18 March 1969Capitaland largest cityThe ValleyOfficial languagesEnglishEthnic groups 2011 1 85 3 Black 4 9 Hispanic 3 8 Mixed 3 2 White 1 0 Indian 1 9 Other 0 3 No answerDemonym s AnguillanGovernmentParliamentary dependency under a constitutional monarchy MonarchCharles III GovernorJulia Crouch Deputy GovernorPerin A Bradley PremierEllis WebsterLegislatureHouse of AssemblyGovernment of the United Kingdom MinisterDavid RutleyArea Total91 km2 35 sq mi Water negligibleHighest elevation73 m 240 ft Population 2021 estimate15 753 2 3 not ranked 2011 census13 452 Density132 km2 341 9 sq mi not ranked GDP PPP 2014 estimate Total 311 million 4 Per capita 29 493GDP nominal 2020 estimate TotalUS 307 000 000 5 CurrencyEastern Caribbean dollar XCD Time zoneUTC 4 AST Date formatdd mm yyyyDriving sideleftCalling code 1 264UK postcodeAI 2640ISO 3166 codeAIInternet TLD aiWebsitegov ai Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography and geology 3 1 Geology 3 2 Climate 3 2 1 Temperature 3 2 2 Rainfall 4 Governance 4 1 Political system 4 2 Defence 5 Population 5 1 Demographics 5 2 Religion 5 3 Languages 6 Education 7 Culture 7 1 Cuisine 7 2 Literature 7 3 Music 7 4 Sports 8 Natural history 8 1 Wildlife 9 Notable people 10 Economy 11 Transportation 11 1 Air 11 2 Road 11 3 Boat 12 See also 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External links 15 1 Government 15 2 General informationEtymology editThe native Arawak name for the island was Malliouhana 7 In reference to the island s shape the Italian anguilla meaning eel in turn from the Latin diminutive of anguis snake was used as its name 8 10 11 12 Christopher Columbus is held in Anguillan tradition to have named the island 13 History editMain article History of Anguilla nbsp Wallblake House a plantation house thought to be the oldest building in AnguillaAnguilla was first settled by Indigenous Amerindian peoples who migrated from South America 7 The earliest Native American artefacts found on Anguilla have been dated to around 1300 BC remains of settlements date from AD 600 14 15 There are two known petroglyph sites in Anguilla Big Spring and Fountain Cavern The rock ledges of Big Spring contain over 100 petroglyphs dating back to AD 600 1200 the majority consisting of three indentations that form faces 16 Precisely when Anguilla was first seen by Europeans is uncertain some sources claim that Columbus sighted the island during his second voyage in 1493 while others state that the first European explorer was the French Huguenot nobleman and merchant Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere in 1564 15 The Dutch West India Company established a fort on the island in 1631 However the Company later withdrew after its fort was destroyed by the Spanish in 1633 17 Traditional accounts state that Anguilla was first colonised by English settlers from Saint Kitts beginning in 1650 10 18 19 The settlers focused on planting tobacco and to a lesser extent cotton 7 The French temporarily took over the island in 1666 but returned it to English control under the terms of the Treaty of Breda the next year 7 Major John Scott who visited in September 1667 wrote of leaving the island in good condition and noted that in July 1668 200 or 300 people fled thither in time of war 20 The French attacked again in 1688 1745 and 1798 causing much destruction but failing to capture the island 7 15 The Indigenous Amerindian population was almost entirely gone within decades of European contact with disease and enslavement as contributing factors 13 It is likely that the early European settlers brought enslaved Africans with them Historians confirm that African slaves lived in the region in the early 17th century such as slaves from Senegal living on St Kitts in the mid 1600s 21 By 1672 a slave depot existed on the island of Nevis serving the Leeward Islands citation needed While the time of African arrival in Anguilla is difficult to place precisely archival evidence indicates a substantial African presence of at least 100 enslaved people by 1683 these seem to have come from Central Africa as well as West Africa 22 The slaves were forced to work on the sugar plantations which had begun to replace tobacco as Anguilla s main crop 7 Over time the African slaves and their descendants came to vastly outnumber the white settlers 7 The African slave trade was eventually terminated within the British Empire in 1807 and slavery was outlawed completely in 1834 7 Many planters subsequently sold up or left the island 7 During the early colonial period Anguilla was administered by the British through Antigua in 1825 it was placed under the administrative control of nearby Saint Kitts 15 Anguilla was federated with St Kitts and Nevis in 1882 against the wishes of many Anguillans 7 Economic stagnation and the severe effects of several droughts in the 1890s and later the Great Depression of the 1930s led many Anguillans to emigrate for better prospects elsewhere 7 nbsp Flag of the short lived Republic of AnguillaFull adult suffrage was introduced to Anguilla in 1952 7 After a brief period as part of the West Indies Federation 1958 1962 the island of Anguilla became part of the associated state of Saint Kitts Nevis Anguilla with full internal autonomy in 1967 23 However many Anguillans had no wish to be a part of this union and resented the dominance of St Kitts within it On 30 May 1967 Anguillans forcibly ejected the St Kitts police force from the island and declared their separation from St Kitts following a referendum 24 7 25 The events led by Atlin Harrigan 26 and Ronald Webster among others became known as the Anguillan Revolution its goal was not independence per se but rather independence from Saint Kitts and Nevis and a return to being a British colony With negotiations failing to break the deadlock a second referendum confirming Anguillans desire for separation from St Kitts was held and the Republic of Anguilla was declared unilaterally with Ronald Webster as president Efforts by British envoy William Whitlock failed to break the impasse and 300 British troops were subsequently sent in March 1969 7 British authority was restored and confirmed by the Anguilla Act of July 1971 7 In 1980 Anguilla was finally allowed to formally secede from Saint Kitts and Nevis and become a separate British Crown colony now a British overseas territory 27 28 23 6 7 Since then Anguilla has been politically stable and has seen a large growth in its tourism and offshore financing sectors 7 Geography and geology editMain article Geography of Anguilla nbsp An aerial view of the western portion of the island of Anguilla The Blowing Point ferry terminal is visible in the lower right as are right to left Shaddick Point Rendezvous Bay Cove Bay and Maundays Bay Anguilla is a flat low lying island of coral and limestone in the Caribbean Sea measuring some 16 miles 26 km long and 3 5 miles 6 km in width 7 It lies to the east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin separated from that island by the Anguilla Channel 7 8 The soil is generally thin and poor supporting scrub tropical and forest vegetation 8 The terrain is generally low lying with the highest terrain located in the vicinity of The Valley Crocus Hill Anguilla s highest peak at 240 feet 73 m lies in the western regions of the town 8 Anguilla is noted for its ecologically important coral reefs and beaches Apart from the main island of Anguilla itself the territory includes a number of other smaller islands and cays mostly tiny and uninhabited Anguillita Blowing Rock Dog Island Little Scrub Island Prickly Pear Cays Scrub Island Seal Island Sombrero also known as Hat Island Sandy Island Scilly CayGeology edit Main article Geology of Anguilla Anguilla and the wider Anguilla Bank is of volcanic origin lying on the Lesser Antilles volcanic island arc and tuffs and volcaniclastic breccias of Eocene age are exposed locally on the island 29 The island was largely submerged during the Miocene leading to the formation of the reefal limestone Anguilla Formation which was subsequently tectonically uplifted and covers most of the island today 29 30 Since the late Pleistocene however Anguilla has undergone tectonic subsidence at a rate of around 1 2mm yr 31 nbsp Map showing the location of Anguilla relative to Sint Maarten Saint Martin and other islands to its south nbsp Map of AnguillaClimate edit Main article Climate of Anguilla Temperature edit Northeastern trade winds keep this tropical island relatively cool and dry Average annual temperature is 80 F 27 C 9 July October is its hottest period December February its coolest Rainfall edit Rainfall averages 35 inches 890 mm annually 9 although the figures vary from season to season and year to year The island is subject to both sudden tropical storms and hurricanes which occur in the period from July to November The island suffered damage in 1995 from Hurricane Luis and severe flooding 5 to 20 feet 1 5 to 6 metres from Hurricane Lenny in 1999 Governance editPolitical system edit Main article Politics of Anguilla See also Law of Anguilla Anguilla is an internally self governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom 8 Its politics take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency whereby the Premier is the head of government and of a pluriform multi party system 8 A governor is appointed by the British government to represent the king The United Nations Committee on Decolonization includes Anguilla on the United Nations list of non self governing territories The territory s constitution is the Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982 amended 1990 8 Executive power is exercised by the government with legislative power being vested in both the government and the House of Assembly 8 The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature 7 Defence edit As a British overseas territory the UK is responsible for Anguilla s military defence 7 8 although there are no active garrisons or armed forces present in the territory Since 2020 the Royal Navy has forward deployed the offshore patrol vessel HMS Medway long term to the Caribbean for patrol and sovereignty protection duties 32 In October 2023 the destroyer HMS Dauntless which had temporarily replaced Medway on her normal Caribbean tasking visited the territory in order to assist local authorities in preparing for the climax of the hurricane season 33 Anguilla had a small marine police force comprising around 32 personnel which operated one VT Halmatic M160 class 52 foot fast patrol boat citation needed Policing on the island is the responsibility of the Royal Anguilla Police Force Population editDemographics edit Main article Demographics of Anguilla The majority of residents 90 08 are black most of whom are the descendants of enslaved people transported from Africa 7 Minorities include whites at 3 74 and people of mixed race at 4 65 figures from 2001 census 72 of the population is Anguillan while 28 is non Anguillan 2001 census Of the non Anguillan population many are citizens of the United States United Kingdom St Kitts amp Nevis the Dominican Republic Jamaica and Nigeria 34 2006 and 2007 saw an influx of large numbers of Chinese Indian and Mexican workers brought in as labour for major tourist developments due to the local population not being large enough to support the labour requirements 35 Religion edit Christian churches did not have a consistent or strong presence during the initial period of English colonisation spiritual and religious practices of Europeans and Africans tended to reflect their regional origins As early as 1813 Christian ministers formally ministered to enslaved Africans and promoted literacy among converts 36 The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society of England built churches and schools from 1817 37 According to the 2001 census Christianity is Anguilla s predominant religion with 29 of the population practising Anglicanism another 23 9 are Methodist 7 Other churches on the island include Seventh day Adventist Baptist Roman Catholic served by the Diocese of Saint John s Basseterre with the See at Saint John on Antigua and Barbuda and a small community of Jehovah s Witnesses 0 7 38 Between 1992 and 2001 the number of followers of the Church of God and Pentecostals increased considerably citation needed There are at least 15 churches on the island Although a minority on the island Anguilla is an important location to followers of Rastafarian religion as the birthplace of Robert Athlyi Rogers author of the Holy Piby which had a strong influence on Rastafarian and other Africa centre belief systems 39 40 More recently a Muslim cultural centre has opened on the island 38 Religions in Anguilla 38 by percentage Religion 1992 2001 2011Anglican 40 4 29 0 22 7Methodist 33 2 23 9 19 4Pentecostal 7 7 10 5Seventh day Adventist 7 0 7 6 8 3Baptist 4 7 7 3 7 1Catholic 3 2 5 7 6 8Church of God 7 6 4 9Jehovah s Witnesses 0 7 1 1Rastafarian 0 7Evangelical 0 5Plymouth Brethren 0 3 0 1Muslim 0 3Presbyterian 0 2 0 2Hindu 0 4Jewish 0 1None 4 0 4 5Other 10 7 3 5Not stated 0 7 0 3Languages edit Main article Anguillian Creole nbsp Anguillan FlagToday most people in Anguilla speak a British influenced variety of standard English 8 Other languages are also spoken on the island including varieties of Spanish Chinese and the languages of other immigrant communities However the most common language other than Standard English is the island s own English lexifier Creole language not to be confused with Antillean Creole French Creole spoken in French islands such as Martinique and Guadeloupe It is referred to locally by terms such as dialect pronounced dialek Anguilla Talk or Anguillian 41 It has its main roots in early varieties of English and West African languages and is similar to the dialects spoken in English speaking islands throughout the Eastern Caribbean in terms of its structural features 42 Linguists who are interested in the origins of Anguillan and other Caribbean Creoles point out that some of its grammatical features can be traced to African languages while others can be traced to European languages Three areas have been identified as significant for the identification of the linguistic origins of those forced migrants who arrived before 1710 the Gold Coast the Slave Coast and the Windward Coast 43 Sociohistorical information from Anguilla s archives suggest that Africans and Europeans formed two distinct but perhaps overlapping speech communities in the early phases of the island s colonisation Anguillian is believed to have emerged as the language of the masses as time passed slavery was abolished and locals began to see themselves as belonging to Anguillan society 22 Education editMain article Education in Anguilla There are six government primary schools one government secondary school Albena Lake Hodge Comprehensive School and two private schools 44 There is a single library the Edison L Hughes Education amp Library Complex of the Anguilla Public Library 45 A branch of the Saint James School of Medicine was established in 2011 in Anguilla 46 It is a private for profit medical school headquartered in Park Ridge Illinois 47 There is a University of the West Indies Open campus site in the island 48 Culture edit nbsp The beach at the Cap Juluca resort on Maundays Bay nbsp Sandy Ground beachThe island s cultural history begins with the native Taino Arawak and Carib Their artifacts have been found around the island telling of life before European settlers arrived 49 Anguillan culture has also been built through immigration Many European families have moved to the island and have impacted the formalities of the Anguillan people Restaurants such as Dolce Vita and Roy s Bayside Grill located in Sandy Ground represent the European culture assimilating within the island Similar to nearby islands Anguillans geography and location require a cultural reliance on the ocean The island s abundance of sea life has led to the incorporation of many fish and crustacean into daily life They have become a part of the local cuisine opened up opportunities for ecotourism and introduced celebrations such as Lobster Fest and boat races As throughout the Caribbean holidays are a cultural fixture Anguilla s most important holidays are of historic as much as cultural importance particularly the anniversary of the emancipation previously August Monday in the Park celebrated as the Summer Festival or Carnival 7 the sailboat races and Lobster Fest British festivities such as the King s Birthday are also celebrated 50 Music in Anguilla presents itself as an important part of its culture as well All different genres of music are played at the celebrations mentioned above This music represents the deep history of talent that Anguillans have displayed for decades The Anguilla National Trust ANT was established in 1989 and opened its current office in 1991 charged with the responsibility of preserving the heritage of the island including its cultural heritage 51 Cuisine edit Main article Anguillan cuisine nbsp Sunshine Shack Beachbar N Grill located in Rendezvous BayAnguillan cuisine is influenced by native Caribbean West African Spanish French and English cuisines 52 Seafood is abundant including prawns shrimp crab spiny lobster conch mahi mahi red snapper marlin and grouper 52 Salt cod is a staple food eaten on its own and used in stews casseroles and soups 52 Livestock is limited due to the small size of the island and people there use poultry pork goat and mutton along with imported beef 52 Goat is the most commonly eaten meat used in a variety of dishes 52 The official national food of Anguilla is pigeon peas and rice 53 A significant amount of the island s produce is imported due to limited land suitable for agriculture production much of the soil is sandy and infertile 52 The agriculture produce of Anguilla includes tomatoes peppers limes and other citrus fruits onion garlic squash pigeon peas and callaloo Starch staple foods include imported rice and other foods that are imported or locally grown including yams 54 sweet potatoes 54 and breadfruit 52 Literature edit The Anguilla National Trust has programmes encouraging Anguillan writers and the preservation of the island s history In 2015 Where I See The Sun Contemporary Poetry in Anguilla A New Anthology by Lasana M Sekou was published by House of Nehesi Publishers 55 Among the forty three poets in the collection are Rita Celestine Carty Bankie Banx John T Harrigan Patricia J Adams Fabian Fahie Dr Oluwakemi Linda Banks and Reuel Ben Lewi 56 Music edit Main article Music of Anguilla nbsp Bankie Banx noted reggae artist and poet from Anguilla who has built up an international followingVarious Caribbean musical genres are popular on the island such as soca and calypso but reggae most deeply roots itself in Anguillan society Anguilla has produced many artists and groups in this genre Reggae has shown itself to be the most popular genre in Anguilla The most successful of reggae artists originating in Anguilla come from the Banks family Bankie Banx and his son Omari Banks have had many chart topping songs listened to around the world The two musicians continue to provide live performances across the island quite often British Dependency has also gained popularity throughout the 21st century The band who began in Anguilla boasts the island s first female bass player Performing alongside The Wailers on tour British Dependency have earned attention from an American audience One of many musical events that take place in Anguilla is Moonsplash Moonsplash is an annual reggae music festival that has occurred in Anguilla for 33 consecutive years and proves to be the oldest independent musical event in the Caribbean Along with its longstanding history it is the largest festival annually alongside carnival While not many soca and calypso artists have gained extreme popularity the genres are still widely listened to across the island Sports edit See also Sailing in Anguilla Cricket in the West Indies and Rugby union in Anguilla Boat racing has deep roots in Anguillan culture and is the national sport 7 There are regular sailing regattas on national holidays such as Carnival which are contested by locally built and designed boats These boats have names and have sponsors that print their logo on their sails As in many other former British colonies cricket is also a popular sport Anguilla is the home of Omari Banks who played for the West Indies Cricket Team while Cardigan Connor played first class cricket for English county side Hampshire and was chef de mission team manager for Anguilla s Commonwealth Games team in 2002 Other noted players include Chesney Hughes who played for Derbyshire County Cricket Club in England Rugby union is represented in Anguilla by the Anguilla Eels RFC who were formed in April 2006 57 The Eels have been finalists in the St Martin tournament in November 2006 and semi finalists in 2007 2008 2009 and Champions in 2010 The Eels were formed in 2006 by Scottish club national second row Martin Welsh Club Sponsor and President of the AERFC Ms Jacquie Ruan and Canadian standout Scrumhalf Mark Harris Toronto Scottish RFC Anguilla is the birthplace of sprinter Zharnel Hughes who has represented Great Britain since 2015 and England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games He won the 100 metres at the 2018 European Athletics Championships the 4 x 100 metres at the same championships and the 4 x 100 metres for England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games He also won a 4 100 m relay team gold at the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games and a silver on the 4 100 m relay for Great Britain at the 2020 Olympic Games 58 In 2023 he broke the British record for the 100m sprint with a time of 9 83 seconds 59 Shara Proctor British Long Jump Silver Medalist at the World Championships in Beijing first represented Anguilla in the event until 2010 when she began to represent Great Britain and England Under the Anguillan Flag she achieved several medals in the NACAC games 60 Keith Connor triple jumper is also an Anguillan He represented Great Britain and England and achieved several international titles including Commonwealth and European Games gold medals and an Olympic bronze medal Keith later became Head Coach of Australia Athletics 61 Natural history editWildlife edit nbsp The Cuban tree frog can be found on the island Anguilla has habitat for the Cuban tree frogs Osteopilus septentrionalis 62 The red footed tortoise Chelonoidis carbonaria is a species of tortoise found here which originally came from South America 49 Hurricanes in the mid 90s led to over water dispersal of the green iguanas Iguana iguana to Anguilla 63 All three animals are introductions 49 Five species of bats are known in the literature from Anguilla the threatened insular single leaf bat Monophyllus plethodon the Antillean fruit eating bat Brachyphylla cavernarum the Jamaican fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis the Mexican funnel eared bat Natalus stramineus and the velvety free tailed bat Molossus molossus 64 Notable people editZharnel Hughes born 1995 sprinter Dee Ann Kentish Rogers born 1993 politician model and Miss Universe Great Britain 2018 Carlos Newton born 1976 former UFC Welterweight Champion Shara Proctor born 1988 long jump athleteEconomy editMain article Economy of Anguilla nbsp 2019 export percentagesAnguilla s thin arid soil being largely unsuitable for agriculture the island has few land based natural resources 8 Its main industries are tourism offshore incorporation and management offshore banking captive insurance and fishing 8 7 Anguilla s currency is the East Caribbean dollar though the US dollar is also widely accepted 7 The exchange rate is fixed to the US dollar at US 1 EC 2 70 The economy and especially the tourism sector suffered a setback in late 1995 due to the effects of Hurricane Luis in September Hotels were hit particularly hard but a recovery occurred the following year Another economic setback occurred during the aftermath of Hurricane Lenny in 2000 65 Before the 2008 worldwide crisis the economy of Anguilla was growing strongly especially the tourism sector which was driving major new developments in partnerships with multi national companies Anguilla s tourism industry received a major boost when it was selected to host the World Travel Awards in December 2014 Known as the Oscars of the travel industry the awards ceremony was held at the CuisinArt Resort and Spa and was hosted by Vivica A Fox Anguilla was voted the World s Leading Luxury Island Destination from a short list of top tier candidates such as St Barts the Maldives and Mauritius 66 Anguilla s financial system comprises seven banks 67 two money services businesses more than 40 company managers more than 50 insurers 12 brokers more than 250 captive intermediaries more than 50 mutual funds and eight trust companies 68 Anguilla has become a popular tax haven having no capital gains estate profit sales or corporate taxes In April 2011 faced with a mounting deficit it introduced a 3 Interim Stabilisation Levy Anguilla s first form of income tax Anguilla also has a 0 75 property tax 69 Anguilla aims to obtain 15 of its energy from solar power to become less reliant on expensive imported diesel The Climate amp Development Knowledge Network is helping the government gather the information it needs to change the territory s legislation so that it can integrate renewables into its grid Barbados has also made good progress in switching to renewables but many other Small Island Developing States are still at the early stages of planning how to integrate renewable energy into their grids For a small island we re very far ahead said Beth Barry Coordinator of the Anguilla Renewable Energy Office We ve got an Energy Policy and a draft Climate Change policy and have been focusing efforts on the question of sustainable energy supply for several years now As a result we have a lot of information we can share with other islands 70 According to a Bloomberg report due to a skyrocketing interest in artificial intelligence Anguilla was expected to profit in 2023 from a surge in demand for web addresses ending with the country s top level domain ai The total number of registrations of ai domain names had already doubled in 2022 and according to Vince Cate who has managed the top level domain Anguilla will bring in as much as 30 million in domain registration fees for 2023 71 Transportation editMain article Transport in Anguilla Air edit Anguilla is served by Clayton J Lloyd International Airport prior to 4 July 2010 known as Wallblake Airport The primary runway at the airport is 5 462 feet 1 665 m in length and can accommodate moderate sized aircraft Regional scheduled passenger services connect to various other Caribbean islands via local airlines In December 2021 Anguilla inaugurated its first ever international regular commercial jet service flight to and from the mainland U S American Eagle operating on behalf of American Airlines began nonstop Embraer 175 regional jet service to Anguilla from Miami 72 in an aviation watershed moment for Anguilla with the airport also currently attempting to attract other international air carriers Other airlines currently serving the airport include Tradewind Aviation and Cape Air which provide scheduled air service to San Juan Puerto Rico Several other small airlines serve the airport as well The airport can handle large narrow body jets such as the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 and has growing private jet service flights with a new private jet terminal being built Road edit Aside from taxis there is no public transport on the island Cars drive on the left Boat edit There are regular ferries from Saint Martin to Anguilla It is a 20 minute crossing from Marigot St Martin to Blowing Point Anguilla Ferries commence service from 7 00 am There is also a charter service from Blowing Point Anguilla to Princess Juliana Airport to make travel easier This way of travel is the most common method of transport between Anguilla and St Martin See also edit nbsp Caribbean portal nbsp United Kingdom portalBibliography of Anguilla Outline of Anguilla Index of Anguilla related articlesReferences edit Anguilla The World Factbook 2023 ed Central Intelligence Agency Retrieved 20 September 2019 Archived 2019 edition a b World Population Prospects 2022 population un org United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division Retrieved 17 July 2022 a b World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region subregion and country annually for 1950 2100 XSLX population un org Total Population as of 1 July thousands United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division Retrieved 17 July 2022 UN Data Archived from the original on 30 December 2016 Retrieved 7 January 2017 UNCTAD UNCTADstat General Profile Anguilla UNCTADstat Archived from the original on 9 August 2021 Retrieved 9 August 2021 a b Anguilla The World Factbook 2023 ed Central Intelligence Agency Retrieved 31 October 2009 Archived 2009 edition a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Encyclopedia Britannica Anguilla Retrieved 12 July 2019 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Anguilla The World Factbook 2023 ed Central Intelligence Agency Retrieved 11 July 2019 Archived 2019 edition a b c Anguilla Facts Government of Anguilla Archived from the original on 17 May 2013 Retrieved 1 January 2013 a b Martin 1839 EB 1878 EB 1911 a b Robinson Lisa Clayton 2005 Anguilla In Appiah Kwame Anthony Gates Henry Louis Jr eds Encyclopedia of Africa Vol 1 2 ed Oxford University Press pp 212 213 ISBN 9780195223255 Caribbean Islands Sarah Cameron Footprint Travel Guides p 466 Google Books a b c d Anguilla s History The Anguilla House of Assembly Elections Government of Anguilla 2007 archived from the original on 13 August 2007 retrieved 9 June 2015 Source The Anguilla National Trust Preservation for Generations Source Atlas of Mutual Heritage Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Charles Prestwood Lucas 2009 A Historical Geography of the British Colonies The West Indies General Books LLC p 143 ISBN 978 1 4590 0868 7 Encyclopedia Britannica Anguilla Retrieved 12 July 2019 British Colonial and State Papers 1661 1668 16 November 1667 and 9 July 1668 Hubbard Vincent K 2002 A History of St Kitts The Sweet Trade Macmillan ISBN 978 0 333 74760 5 a b Walicek Don E 2009 The Founder Principle and Anguilla s Homestead Society Gradual Creolization Studies Celebrating Jacques Arends ed by M van den Berg H Cardoso and R Selbach Creole Language Library Series 34 Amsterdam John Benjamins pp 349 372 a b Encyclopedia Britannica St Kitts and Nevis Retrieved 10 July 2019 Anguilla 11 July 1967 Separation from St Kitts and Nevis Peace Committee as Government Direct Democracy in German David X Noack Die abtrunnige Republik Anguilla Archived 17 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine amerika21 de 27 September 2016 Retrieved 23 April 2017 Budget Address 2009 Strengthening the Collective We are the Solution PDF Archived PDF from the original on 20 October 2016 Retrieved 22 January 2016 Minahan James 2013 The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems Abc Clio pp 656 657 ISBN 9780313344978 Hubbard Vincent 2002 A History of St Kitts Macmillan Caribbean pp 147 149 ISBN 9780333747605 a b Budd A F Johnson K G Edwards J C May 1995 Caribbean reef coral diversity during the early to middle Miocene an example from the Anguilla Formation Coral Reefs 14 2 109 117 Bibcode 1995CorRe 14 109B doi 10 1007 BF00303432 ISSN 0722 4028 S2CID 22827668 Christman Robert A 1953 Geology of St Bartholomew St Martin and Anguilla Lesser Antilles Geological Society of America Bulletin 64 1 85 doi 10 1130 0016 7606 1953 64 85 GOSBSM 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0016 7606 van Rijsingen Elenora Calais Eric Jolivet Romain de Chabalier Jean Bernard Robertson Richard Ryan Graham Symithe Steeve 3 March 2021 Vertical tectonic motions in the Lesser Antilles linking short and long term observations EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts Bibcode 2021EGUGA 23 934V doi 10 5194 egusphere egu21 934 S2CID 235385841 HMS Medway Sets Sail for the Caribbean Royal Navy 20 January 2019 Retrieved 1 October 2020 HMS Dauntless visits trio of Caribbean Islands in disaster relief preparation mission Royal Navy 4 October 2023 Retrieved 4 October 2023 Demography Culture Migration Crime Marital Status and Fertility of the Resident Population of Anguilla According to the May 2001 Census PDF Archived PDF from the original on 9 July 2021 Retrieved 12 September 2021 Anguilla Country Poverty Assessment 2007 2009 PDF n d Walicek Don E 2011 Christianity Literacy and Creolization in Nineteenth Century Anguilla In Anansi s Defiant Webs Contact Continuity Convergence and Complexity in the Language Literatures and Cultures of the Greater Caribbean ed by N Faraclas R Severing et al Willemstad University of Curacao and Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma pp 181 189 Hodge S Wilfred 2003 Bethel the road and due west In Wilbert Forker Ed Born in Slavery A story of Methodism in Anguilla and its influence in the Caribbean pp 20 29 Edinburgh Dunedin Academic Press a b c Persons by Religion Census 1992 and 2001 Table 14 Statistics Department of Anguilla Archived from the original on 24 November 2007 Retrieved 16 April 2008 Selassie I PhD W Gabriel 2017 Introduction and Analysis The Holy Piby The Blackman s Bible Los Angeles Orunmilla Inc pp xiii ISBN 978 0986381904 Charles Price 2009 Becoming Rasta Origins of Rastafari Identity in Jamaica NYU Press pp 48 49 ISBN 978 0 8147 6768 9 Anguillian Language 101 Whatwedoinanguilla com Retrieved 11 July 2019 Antigua and Barbuda Creole English Ethnologue Archived from the original on 19 October 2012 Retrieved 11 July 2012 Singler John 1993 African influence upon Afro American language varieties A consideration of sociohistorical factors In Africanisms in Afro American language varieties S Mufwene and n Condon eds 235 253 Athens GA University of Georgia Press Schools Archived 15 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Government of Anguilla Retrieved 7 December 2017 The Edison L Hughes Education amp Library Complex Archived 20 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine Government of Anguilla Retrieved 7 December 2017 Saint James Medical School Officially Opened The Anguillian Archived from the original on 31 March 2012 Saint James School of Medicine s top MD Program Bonaire sjsm org 7 January 2014 Archived from the original on 17 June 2014 Retrieved 9 February 2014 The Open Campus in Anguilla Open Campus open uwi edu Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 11 June 2018 a b c Hailey Adrian Wilson Byron Horrocks Julia 7 April 2011 Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas Volume 2 Regional Accounts of the West Indies BRILL ISBN 978 9004194083 Retrieved 12 June 2016 Public Holiday Celebration of the Birthday of Her Majesty The Queen Whatwedoinanguila com 17 June 2019 Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 10 February 2020 About us Anguilla National Trust Retrieved 11 March 2022 a b c d e f g Robinson Peg Foods That Are Important in Anguilla Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine USA Today Travel Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 2011 29 Tasty Anguilla Food and Drink You ll Love Bacon is Magic Bacon is Magic The Best Food Around the World 3 June 2019 Retrieved 19 December 2019 a b Higgins Michelle 28 January 2007 For Foodies Anguilla Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Travel Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 2011 WHERE I SEE THE SUN ANTHOLOGY AVAILABLE IN ANGUILLA 29 May 2015 Archived from the original on 22 June 2015 Retrieved 22 June 2015 Think and Know Where I See The Sun Contemporary Poetry in Anguilla Archived from the original on 7 April 2016 Retrieved 17 December 2018 Rugby in Anguilla Archived 21 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine Anguilla News Zharnel Hughes breaks silence on CJ Ujah doping scandal as Team GB face silver medal loss Mirror 24 August 2021 Retrieved 7 February 2022 Zharnel Hughes shatters Linford Christie s 30 year British 100m record The Guardian Retrieved 25 June 2023 Shara Proctor It s time for Anguilla to have an Olympic Committee Caribbean Loop Retrieved 7 February 2022 SMU s Connor Bounds To Triple Jump Greatness USTFCCCA org Retrieved 7 February 2022 Townsend JH Eaton JM Parmlee JS 2000 Cuban treefrogs Osteopilus septentrionalis in Anguilla Lesser Antilles Caribbean Journal of Science 36 3 4 326 328 ISSN 0008 6452 Retrieved 12 June 2016 permanent dead link Censky Ellen J Hodge Karim Dudley Judy 1998 Over water dispersal of lizards due to hurricanes Nature 395 556 556 Bibcode 1998Natur 395 556C doi 10 1038 26886 S2CID 4360916 Genoways Hugh H Phillips Carleton J Pedersen Scott C Gordon Linda 24 October 2007 Bats of Anguilla Northern Lesser Antilles Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech Occasional papers 270 doi 10 5962 bhl title 156960 S2CID 14279221 Archived from the original on 30 May 2016 Retrieved 12 June 2016 South America Central America and the Caribbean 2003 11 ed Routledge 2002 p 52 ISBN 978 1 85743 138 4 Vivica A Fox Brings Hollywood Glam To The World s Leading Luxury Island Destination HuffPost 17 December 2014 Archived from the original on 29 September 2017 Retrieved 17 October 2017 List of Banks in Anguilla Archived from the original on 7 May 2017 Retrieved 29 June 2017 Market Participants Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 Retrieved 3 October 2014 Tax TIES Anguilla Overview and introduction kpmg com KPMG Archived from the original on 28 September 2018 Retrieved 1 April 2011 Fry Carolyn 28 June 2012 Anguilla moves towards cleaner energy Archived 29 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine Metz Rachel 31 August 2023 AI Startups Create Digital Demand for Anguilla s Website Domain Name Bloomberg News Archived from the original on 31 August 2023 Retrieved 5 September 2023 Britell Alexander 26 July 2021 American Airlines Launching Nonstop Flights to Anguilla and Dominica Caribbean Journal Retrieved 27 December 2022 Further reading editBaynes T S ed 1878 Anguilla Encyclopaedia Britannica vol 2 9th ed New York Charles Scribner s Sons p 46 47 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Anguilla Encyclopaedia Britannica vol 2 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 42 43 Hakluyt Richard 1904 The second voyage unto Florida made and written by Captaine Laudonniere which fortified and inhabited there two Summers and one whole Winter The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques amp Discoveries of the English Nation Made by Sea or Over land to the Remote and Farthest Distant Quarters of the Earth at any time within the compasse of these 1600 Yeeres Vol IXMade to Florida and New Mexico certeine Voyages made for the discovery of the Gulfe of California and to the famous city of Mexico with the Discourses and Letters depending upon the Voyages of this ninth Volume Glasgow James MacLehose amp Sons Law Gwillim 1999 Chapter XIV Anguilla Administrative Subdivisions of Countries A Comprehensive World Reference McFarland p 29 ISBN 978 0 7864 6097 7 Martin Robert Montgomery 1839 Statistics of the Colonies of the British Empire in the West Indies South America North America Asia Austral Asia Africa and Europe comprising the Area Agriculture Commerce Manufactures Shipping Custom Duties Population Education Religion Crime Government Finances Laws Military Defence Cultivated and Waste Lands Emigration Rates of Wages Prices of Provisions Banks Coins Staple Products Stock Moveable and Immoveable Property Public Companies amp c of Each Colony with the Charters and the Engraved Seals From the Official Records of the Colonial Office London William H Allen amp Co p 102 Brisk William J 1969 The dilemma of a ministate Anguilla University of South Carolina Press ISBN 0 87249 179 X Harris David R Plants Animals and Man in the Outer Leeward Islands West Indies An Ecological Study of Antigua Barbuda and Anguilla Kobbe Montague 2013 The Night of the Rambler New York Akashic Books ISBN 9781617751813 Kobbe Montague 2016 On the Way Back New York Akashic Books ISBN 9781617754418 Marten Neil 1969 Their s Not to Reason Why Study of the Anguillan Operations as Presented to Parliament London Conservative Political Centre ISBN 0 85070 437 5 Westlake Donald 1972 Under an English Heaven New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 0 671 21311 3 External links editAnguilla at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity Government edit Government of Anguilla Official government websiteGeneral information edit Anguilla The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency Anguilla from UCB Libraries GovPubs nbsp Wikimedia Atlas of Anguilla battle for freedom youtube video compilation archived at Ghostarchive org on 18 May 2022 18 13 38 N 63 02 56 W 18 22723 N 63 04899 W 18 22723 63 04899 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anguilla amp oldid 1188118525 Further reading, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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