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Cricket in the West Indies

March 20, 2023

In the sport of cricket, the West Indies is a sporting confederation of fifteen mainly English-speaking Caribbean countries and territories, many of which historically formed the British West Indies. It consists of Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and the United States Virgin Islands. The governing body for the confederation is Cricket West Indies (CWI), which is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC); beneath the CWI are six territorial governing bodies covering different nations and regions of the confederation. The CWI organises the West Indies cricket team, which represents the confederation in international cricket, as well as administering domestic cricket competitions across the West Indies.

Providence Stadium in Georgetown, Guyana, one of the premier cricket grounds in the West Indies.

The West Indies cricket team, nicknamed "The Windies", are one of the twelve Test cricket teams, having gained Test status in 1928. They were considered amongst the strongest Test teams from the 1960s, ushering a golden age in which they were undisputed champions for the latter part of the 1970s to the mid 1990s. In One Day International cricket, they have won the World Cup twice and the ICC Trophy once. They have also won the World Twenty20 twice.

Domestic competitions organised across the whole of the West Indies include the Regional Four Day Competition (First-class), the Regional Super50 (List A) and the Caribbean Premier League (Twenty20).

Cricket is also played in other Caribbean territories such as the Cayman Islands, who are associate members of the ICC, whilst the Bahamas, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Belize, Suriname and Cuba are affiliate members. As such, these territories do not form part of the West Indies for cricketing purposes, and field their own separate national teams.

Originally introduced to the West Indies by British soldiers, cricket's popularity spread to the black population and it is traditionally considered one of the most popular team sport in the West Indies and a major part of West Indian culture, although others sports such as association football and basketball have challenged its popularity since the 1990s. Major international cricket competitions hosted by the West Indies include the 2007 World Cup and the 2010 World Twenty20.

History

Origin

Cricket originally spread to the West Indies via the British military. Military officials established cricket clubs, including the St. Annes Garrison Club, and integrated cricket pitches into garrisons in the Caribbean. The first known reference to cricket in the West Indies is believed to be from June 1806, in the Barbados Mercury and Bridgetown Gazette.[1] Two years later, a cricket match was held between the officers of the Royal West Indies Rangers and the officers of the Third West India Regiment. It is believed that the military was a major influencing force behind the drive to begin playing cricket porting this, there were known to be cricket pitches located in many garrisons all around the Caribbean.[2]

Expansion of cricket

During the period of colonial rule, cricket began to be played by the black population of the British West Indies. This adoption was a consequence of constant positive reinforcement from their masters for participating in activities that were familiar such as cricket, and abstaining from those that were perceived as taboo. Eventually, slaves were granted permission to play with military officers (who at one point only played cricket amongst themselves) in restricted roles. Foremost, they were allowed to prepare the wicket before matches, although some were permitted to bowl or retrieve batted balls.[3]

As official cricket clubs began to form, some black players were given the opportunity to play for white-majority clubs. However, many cricket clubs remained exclusively white, which led black players to establish their own clubs that would only allow other blacks to join. Clubs such as the Barbados Cricket Committee (BCC), which was established in the late nineteenth century, adhered to the policy of an all-white team, while Jamaica's Melbourne Cricket Club was composed of only professional black cricketeers.[2] The first inter-island competition took place in 1865 between Demerara and Barbados, at the Garrison Savannah.[4] However, these matches were at first "organized and played almost exclusively by whites."[2] Over time, integrated matches became increasingly more common, as integrated cricket teams competed at first in an attempt to prove their dominance over the other teams of other colonies. Some segregation still existed, for instance the fact that black players were often excluded "from clubhouse refreshment breaks during and after the game".[2] Gradually, blacks began to be employed on professional teams, marking the start of full racial integration in the sport.[2]

The English were eager to promote cricket throughout the British Empire, and on 31 May 1926 the West Indian Cricket Board, along with their New Zealand and Indian counterparts, was elected to the Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC), which previously consisted of the English and representatives of Australia and South Africa.[18] Election to full membership of the ICC meant the West Indies could play official Test matches,[19] which is the designation given to the most important international games, and the Windies became the fourth team actually to play a recognised Test match on 23 June 1928 when they took on England at Lord's in London.[2]

Societal impact

Cricket has traditionally been the most popular sport in the West Indies, both before and after independence.[1] The inclusion of black players into West Indian cricket teams marked a moment of racial integration in West Indian society. Talented black players helped to overturn existing attitudes of white superiority.[5] Cricket helped to serve a dual purpose for the West Indies- before slavery was abolished in 1833, cricket was considered as a constructive pastime for blacks. In that same time period, it was also considered a way for the whites to exhibit their loyalty to the Crown.[6]

Two noteworthy West Indian cricketers are George Headley, who captained the West Indies in the first test against the touring MCC team in 1947-48, and Barbadian Sir Frank Worrell, who was captain of the West Indies team against Australia in 1960-61. In 2009, Worrell was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.[7] The early 1970s to mid-1990s showed a major increase in the dominance of the West Indian cricket team. The general historical consensus is that this is due to an increase in fast bowling, backed up by some of the best batsmen in the world. In 1976, fast bowler Michael Holding took 14/149 in the OvalTest against England, setting a record which still stands for best bowling figures in a Test by a West Indies bowler.[8][9][5]

Governing body

Main article: West Indies Cricket Board

The West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in the West Indies. It was originally formed in the early 1920s as the West Indies Cricket Board of Control (and is still sometimes referred by that name), but changed its name in 1996. The Board has its headquarters in St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda.

The WICB has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1926 and is also a member of Americas Cricket Association. It operates the West Indies cricket team and West Indies A cricket team, organising Test tours and one-day internationals with other teams.

Domestic competition

See also: Regional Four Day Competition, Regional Super50, and Caribbean Premier League

The West Indies' major domestic competitions are the Regional Four Day Competition (First-class competition) and the NAGICO Regional Super50 (List A one-day competition) and more recently the Caribbean Premier League (domestic Twenty20 competition – replacing the Caribbean T20, which in turn replaced the Stanford 20/20 that had been financed and organized by Sir Allen Stanford).

Other domestic competitions include the TCL Under-19 West Indies Challenge (three-day competition), TCL Under-19 West Indies Challenge Limited Overs Series (one-day limited overs competition), CLICO West Indies Under-15 competition and the WIWCF Women's Senior Tournament. One prominent former competition (not originally organized by the WICB) was the Inter-Colonial Tournament.[10]

In the case of the Regional Four Day Competition and the NAGICO Super50 (and formerly in the case of the Caribbean Twenty20) the following first-class domestic teams participate:

For the NAGICO Super50, a seventh domestic team still participates:

For the TCL Under-19 West Indies Challenge (both the three-day and limited overs competitions) it is the Under-19 squads for these teams which participate, while for the CLICO Under-15 West Indies tournament it is the Under-15 squads for these teams which participate. In the 2004 TCL Under-19 Challenge the Under-19 Bermuda cricket team and an Under-19 combined Americas cricket team also took part.

In the WIWCF Senior Tournament and in the defunct Stanford 20/20 competition the separate components of the Leeward Islands and Windward Islands compete individually. Additionally for the Stanford 20/20 competition teams from outside the West Indies sporting confederation, but within the Caribbean, also compete including the Bahamas, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Cuba (which was barred from competing in 2008 by the U.S. embargo), the Turks and Caicos Islands (both competing in 2008) as well as the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico (announced for the 2009 edition of the Stanford 20/20).

In the Caribbean Premier League there are franchise teams competing, with each franchise currently representing one of the six traditional cricketing territories in the West Indies:

  • Patriots – representing St Kitts and Nevis and the rest of the Leeward Islands
  • Tridents – representing Barbados
  • Amazon Warriors – representing Guyana
  • Tallawahs – representing Jamaica
  • Zouks – representing St. Lucia and the rest of the Windward Islands
  • Knight Riders – representing Trinidad and Tobago

Representative teams

Main articles: West Indies cricket team and West Indies women's cricket team

The West Indies cricket team, also known colloquially as The Windies or The West Indies, is a multi-national cricket team representing a sporting confederation of the West Indies.

The "Windies" is one of the twelve elite international teams that play at the Test match cricket-level.

The West Indies women's cricket team made its Test debut in 1976 and its ODI debut in 1979.

References

  1. ^ a b Malcolm, p. 77.
  2. ^ a b c d e Malcolm, p. ???
  3. ^ Malcolm, p. 78
  4. ^ Shales, Melissa (2007). Barbados. London: New Holland Publishers. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-84537-561-4.
  5. ^ a b Malcolm, p. 83.
  6. ^ Malcolm, p. 78.
  7. ^ Cricinfo (2 January 2009). "ICC and FICA launch Cricket Hall of Fame". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
  8. ^ "West Indies in England, 1976". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  9. ^ "Records / West Indies / Test matches / Best bowling figures in a match". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  10. ^ ESPN CricInfo http://www.espncricinfo.com/caribbean-premier-league-2013/content/story/663757.html

Bibliography

  • Bird, Lester B. (March 3, 2012), "The farce we call West Indies cricket", Caribbean News Now, retrieved June 27, 2012
  • Malcolm, Dominic (2012), Globalizing Cricket: Codification, Colonization and Contemporary Identities, London: Bloomsbury, ISBN 9781849665278

External links

  • – News and Discussion
  • WindiesFans.com Portal site for West Indies cricket fans
  • West Indies Cricket Board
  • West Indies vs Zimbabwe Cricket Series 2007
  • CaribbeanCricket.com Independent news/discussion site on West Indies cricket
  • Westindies Cricketers
  • Global Style Cricket West Indies News and Discussion

March 20, 2023
cricket, west, indies, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cricket in the West Indies news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message In the sport of cricket the West Indies is a sporting confederation of fifteen mainly English speaking Caribbean countries and territories many of which historically formed the British West Indies It consists of Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Barbados the British Virgin Islands Dominica Grenada Guyana Jamaica Montserrat St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Maarten St Vincent amp the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago and the United States Virgin Islands The governing body for the confederation is Cricket West Indies CWI which is a full member of the International Cricket Council ICC beneath the CWI are six territorial governing bodies covering different nations and regions of the confederation The CWI organises the West Indies cricket team which represents the confederation in international cricket as well as administering domestic cricket competitions across the West Indies Providence Stadium in Georgetown Guyana one of the premier cricket grounds in the West Indies The West Indies cricket team nicknamed The Windies are one of the twelve Test cricket teams having gained Test status in 1928 They were considered amongst the strongest Test teams from the 1960s ushering a golden age in which they were undisputed champions for the latter part of the 1970s to the mid 1990s In One Day International cricket they have won the World Cup twice and the ICC Trophy once They have also won the World Twenty20 twice Domestic competitions organised across the whole of the West Indies include the Regional Four Day Competition First class the Regional Super50 List A and the Caribbean Premier League Twenty20 Cricket is also played in other Caribbean territories such as the Cayman Islands who are associate members of the ICC whilst the Bahamas the Turks and Caicos Islands Belize Suriname and Cuba are affiliate members As such these territories do not form part of the West Indies for cricketing purposes and field their own separate national teams Originally introduced to the West Indies by British soldiers cricket s popularity spread to the black population and it is traditionally considered one of the most popular team sport in the West Indies and a major part of West Indian culture although others sports such as association football and basketball have challenged its popularity since the 1990s Major international cricket competitions hosted by the West Indies include the 2007 World Cup and the 2010 World Twenty20 Contents 1 History 1 1 Origin 1 2 Expansion of cricket 1 3 Societal impact 2 Governing body 3 Domestic competition 4 Representative teams 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksHistory EditOrigin Edit Cricket originally spread to the West Indies via the British military Military officials established cricket clubs including the St Annes Garrison Club and integrated cricket pitches into garrisons in the Caribbean The first known reference to cricket in the West Indies is believed to be from June 1806 in the Barbados Mercury and Bridgetown Gazette 1 Two years later a cricket match was held between the officers of the Royal West Indies Rangers and the officers of the Third West India Regiment It is believed that the military was a major influencing force behind the drive to begin playing cricket porting this there were known to be cricket pitches located in many garrisons all around the Caribbean 2 Expansion of cricket Edit During the period of colonial rule cricket began to be played by the black population of the British West Indies This adoption was a consequence of constant positive reinforcement from their masters for participating in activities that were familiar such as cricket and abstaining from those that were perceived as taboo Eventually slaves were granted permission to play with military officers who at one point only played cricket amongst themselves in restricted roles Foremost they were allowed to prepare the wicket before matches although some were permitted to bowl or retrieve batted balls 3 As official cricket clubs began to form some black players were given the opportunity to play for white majority clubs However many cricket clubs remained exclusively white which led black players to establish their own clubs that would only allow other blacks to join Clubs such as the Barbados Cricket Committee BCC which was established in the late nineteenth century adhered to the policy of an all white team while Jamaica s Melbourne Cricket Club was composed of only professional black cricketeers 2 The first inter island competition took place in 1865 between Demerara and Barbados at the Garrison Savannah 4 However these matches were at first organized and played almost exclusively by whites 2 Over time integrated matches became increasingly more common as integrated cricket teams competed at first in an attempt to prove their dominance over the other teams of other colonies Some segregation still existed for instance the fact that black players were often excluded from clubhouse refreshment breaks during and after the game 2 Gradually blacks began to be employed on professional teams marking the start of full racial integration in the sport 2 The English were eager to promote cricket throughout the British Empire and on 31 May 1926 the West Indian Cricket Board along with their New Zealand and Indian counterparts was elected to the Imperial Cricket Conference ICC which previously consisted of the English and representatives of Australia and South Africa 18 Election to full membership of the ICC meant the West Indies could play official Test matches 19 which is the designation given to the most important international games and the Windies became the fourth team actually to play a recognised Test match on 23 June 1928 when they took on England at Lord s in London 2 Societal impact Edit Cricket has traditionally been the most popular sport in the West Indies both before and after independence 1 The inclusion of black players into West Indian cricket teams marked a moment of racial integration in West Indian society Talented black players helped to overturn existing attitudes of white superiority 5 Cricket helped to serve a dual purpose for the West Indies before slavery was abolished in 1833 cricket was considered as a constructive pastime for blacks In that same time period it was also considered a way for the whites to exhibit their loyalty to the Crown 6 Two noteworthy West Indian cricketers are George Headley who captained the West Indies in the first test against the touring MCC team in 1947 48 and Barbadian Sir Frank Worrell who was captain of the West Indies team against Australia in 1960 61 In 2009 Worrell was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame 7 The early 1970s to mid 1990s showed a major increase in the dominance of the West Indian cricket team The general historical consensus is that this is due to an increase in fast bowling backed up by some of the best batsmen in the world In 1976 fast bowler Michael Holding took 14 149 in the OvalTest against England setting a record which still stands for best bowling figures in a Test by a West Indies bowler 8 9 5 Governing body EditMain article West Indies Cricket Board The West Indies Cricket Board WICB is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in the West Indies It was originally formed in the early 1920s as the West Indies Cricket Board of Control and is still sometimes referred by that name but changed its name in 1996 The Board has its headquarters in St John s Antigua and Barbuda The WICB has been a full member of the International Cricket Council ICC since 1926 and is also a member of Americas Cricket Association It operates the West Indies cricket team and West Indies A cricket team organising Test tours and one day internationals with other teams Domestic competition EditSee also Regional Four Day Competition Regional Super50 and Caribbean Premier League The West Indies major domestic competitions are the Regional Four Day Competition First class competition and the NAGICO Regional Super50 List A one day competition and more recently the Caribbean Premier League domestic Twenty20 competition replacing the Caribbean T20 which in turn replaced the Stanford 20 20 that had been financed and organized by Sir Allen Stanford Other domestic competitions include the TCL Under 19 West Indies Challenge three day competition TCL Under 19 West Indies Challenge Limited Overs Series one day limited overs competition CLICO West Indies Under 15 competition and the WIWCF Women s Senior Tournament One prominent former competition not originally organized by the WICB was the Inter Colonial Tournament 10 In the case of the Regional Four Day Competition and the NAGICO Super50 and formerly in the case of the Caribbean Twenty20 the following first class domestic teams participate Barbados cricket team Guyana cricket team Jamaica cricket team Leeward Islands cricket team Trinidad and Tobago cricket team Windward Islands cricket teamFor the NAGICO Super50 a seventh domestic team still participates Combined Campuses and Colleges cricket teamFor the TCL Under 19 West Indies Challenge both the three day and limited overs competitions it is the Under 19 squads for these teams which participate while for the CLICO Under 15 West Indies tournament it is the Under 15 squads for these teams which participate In the 2004 TCL Under 19 Challenge the Under 19 Bermuda cricket team and an Under 19 combined Americas cricket team also took part In the WIWCF Senior Tournament and in the defunct Stanford 20 20 competition the separate components of the Leeward Islands and Windward Islands compete individually Additionally for the Stanford 20 20 competition teams from outside the West Indies sporting confederation but within the Caribbean also compete including the Bahamas Bermuda the Cayman Islands Cuba which was barred from competing in 2008 by the U S embargo the Turks and Caicos Islands both competing in 2008 as well as the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico announced for the 2009 edition of the Stanford 20 20 In the Caribbean Premier League there are franchise teams competing with each franchise currently representing one of the six traditional cricketing territories in the West Indies Patriots representing St Kitts and Nevis and the rest of the Leeward Islands Tridents representing Barbados Amazon Warriors representing Guyana Tallawahs representing Jamaica Zouks representing St Lucia and the rest of the Windward Islands Knight Riders representing Trinidad and TobagoRepresentative teams EditMain articles West Indies cricket team and West Indies women s cricket team The West Indies cricket team also known colloquially as The Windies or The West Indies is a multi national cricket team representing a sporting confederation of the West Indies The Windies is one of the twelve elite international teams that play at the Test match cricket level The West Indies women s cricket team made its Test debut in 1976 and its ODI debut in 1979 References Edit a b Malcolm p 77 a b c d e Malcolm p Malcolm p 78 Shales Melissa 2007 Barbados London New Holland Publishers p 92 ISBN 978 1 84537 561 4 a b Malcolm p 83 Malcolm p 78 Cricinfo 2 January 2009 ICC and FICA launch Cricket Hall of Fame ESPNcricinfo Retrieved 19 July 2019 West Indies in England 1976 ESPN Cricinfo Retrieved 16 September 2012 Records West Indies Test matches Best bowling figures in a match ESPN Cricinfo Retrieved 16 September 2012 ESPN CricInfo http www espncricinfo com caribbean premier league 2013 content story 663757 htmlBibliography EditBird Lester B March 3 2012 The farce we call West Indies cricket Caribbean News Now retrieved June 27 2012 Malcolm Dominic 2012 Globalizing Cricket Codification Colonization and Contemporary Identities London Bloomsbury ISBN 9781849665278External links EditWest Indies Cricket Forum News and Discussion WindiesFans com Portal site for West Indies cricket fans West Indies Cricket Board West Indies vs Zimbabwe Cricket Series 2007 CaribbeanCricket com Independent news discussion site on West Indies cricket Westindies Cricketers Global Style Cricket West Indies News and Discussion Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cricket in the West Indies amp oldid 1140391026, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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