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Banaras Hindu University

October 14, 2023

"BHU" redirects here. For other uses, see BHU (disambiguation).
"Banaras University" and "Hindu University" redirect here. For other uses, see List of educational institutions in Varanasi.

Banaras Hindu University (BHU) (IAST: kāśī hindū viśvavidyālaya IPA: /kaːʃiː hɪnd̪uː ʋɪʃwəʋid̪jaːləj/) is a public state university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, and founded in 1916. The university incorporated the Central Hindu College, founded by Indian Home Rule-leaguer and Theosophist, Annie Besant in 1898.[6][7] After Besant and her associates were marginalized,[8] the university was established by Madan Mohan Malaviya with the financial support of the maharaja of Darbhanga Rameshwar Singh, the maharaja of Benares Prabhu Narayan Singh, and the lawyer Sunder Lal. With over 30,000 students, and 18,000 residing on campus, BHU is the largest residential university in Asia.[9][10] The university is one of the eight public institutions declared as an Institute of Eminence by the Government of India.[11][12] It is also one of the 12 institutions from India in BRICS Universities League, a consortium of leading research universities from BRICS countries.[13]

Banaras Hindu University
Hindi: Kashi Hindu Vishwavidyalaya
Seal of the University
Other names
BHU
Former name
Central Hindu College
MottoIAST: Vidyayā'mr̥tamaśnute
Motto in English
"Knowledge imparts immortality"
TypePublic
Established4 February 1916; 107 years ago (1916-02-04)
Founders
Academic affiliations
Budget₹18,087,557,399 (US$230 million)[1]
ChancellorGiridhar Malaviya[2]
Vice-ChancellorSudhir K. Jain[3]
Students30,698[4]
Undergraduates15,746[4]
Postgraduates7,557[4]
4,555[4]
Location
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
,
India

25°16′04″N 82°59′21″E / 25.2677°N 82.9891°E / 25.2677; 82.9891
CampusUrban
LanguageHindi, English
AnthemKulgeet - Madhur Manohar
Colours    BHU Saffron, BHU Blue, BHU Grey/Silver[5]
MascotGoddess Saraswati
Websitebhu.ac.in

BHU has often been referred by different names throughout the history and present. Some of the English names include Banaras University,[14][15] Benares Hindu University, and Hindu University.[16]

The university's main campus, spread over 1,370 acres (5.5 km2), was built on land donated by the Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh, the hereditary ruler of Banaras ("Kashi" being an alternative name for Banaras or Varanasi). The south campus, spread over 2,700 acres (11 km2) is built on land donated later by Maharaj Kumar Aditya Narayan Singh in Sunderpur,[17] hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agriculture Science Centre)[18] and is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district, about 60 km (37 mi) from Varanasi.[19][20]

BHU is organized into six institutes, 14 faculties (streams) and about 140 departments. As of 2020, the total student enrolment at the university is 30,698[4][21] coming from 48 countries.[22][23] It has over 65 hostels for resident students. Several of its faculties and institutes include Arts, Social Sciences, Commerce, Management Studies, Science, Performing Arts, Law, Agricultural Science, Medical Science, and Environment and Sustainable Development along with departments of Linguistics, Journalism & Mass Communication, among others.[24] The university's engineering institute was designated as an Indian Institute of Technology in June 2012, and henceforth is Indian Institute of Technology (BHU).[25]

Centralised in 1916 through the Banaras Hindu University Act, Banaras Hindu University is India's first central university. BHU celebrated its centenary year in 2015–2016.[26][27]

History Edit

The Banaras Hindu University was jointly established by Madan Mohan Malaviya, Annie Besant, Maharaja Rameshwar Singh of Darbhanga Raj and Prabhu Narayan Singh and Aditya Narayan Singh of Narayan dynasty, while the university is the brainchild of Malviya.[28][29][30]

 
Madan Mohan Malviya at the university

At the 21st Conference of the Indian National Congress in Benares in December 1905, Malaviya publicly announced his intent to establish a university in Banaras. Malaviya continued to develop his vision for the university with inputs from other Indian nationalists and educationists. He published his plan in 1911. The focus of his arguments was the prevailing poverty in India and the decline in income of Indians compared to Europeans. The plan called for the focus on technology and science, besides the study of India's religion and culture:[31]

"The millions mired in poverty here can only get rid (of it) when science is used in their interest. Such maximum application of science is only possible when scientific knowledge is available to Indians in their own country."

-- Madan Mohan Malviya[31]

Malaviya's plan evaluated whether to seek government recognition for the university or operate without its control. He decided in favour of the former for various reasons. Malaviya also considered the question of medium of instruction and decided to start with English given the prevalent environment, and gradually add Hindi and other Indian languages. A distinguishing characteristic of Malaviya's vision was the preference for a residential university. All other Indian universities of the period, such as the universities in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, etc., were affiliating universities which only conducted examinations and awarded degrees to students of their affiliated colleges.[32] Malaviya had supported Annie Besant's cause and in 1903, he had raised 250,000 Rupees in donations to finance the construction of the school's hostel.[33] In 1907 Besant had applied for a royal charter to establish a university. However, there was no response from the British government.

Following the publication of Malviya's plan, Besant met Malviya and in April 1911 they agreed to unite their forces to build the university in Varanasi [34]

Malaviya soon left his legal practice to focus exclusively on developing the university and his independence activities.[35] On 22 November 1911, he registered the Hindu University Society to gather support and raise funds for building the university.[36] He spent the next four years gathering support and raising funds for the university. Malaviya sought and received early support from the Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh and Rameshwar Singh Bahadur of Raj Darbhanga.[32] Thakur Jadunath Singh of Arkha along with other noble houses of United Provinces contributed for the development of the university.[37]

 
Initial prospectus of the university

On 22 March 1915, then Education Minister Harcourt Butler introduced the Benares Hindu University Bill in the Imperial Legislative Council.[38] In his speech, he remarked about the university:

My Lord, this is no ordinary occasion. We are watching to-day the birth of a new and, many hope, a better type of University in India. The main features of this University, which distinguish it from existing Universities, will be, first. that it will be a teaching and residential University; secondly, that while it will be open to all castes and creeds, it will insist upon religious instructions for Hindus, and thirdly, that it will be conducted and managed by the Hindu community and almost entirely by non-officials.

— Harcourt Butler 11 March 1915, Imperial Legislative Council, New Delhi, India [37]

The Benares Hindu University Bill was passed on 1 October 1915 and assented by the Viceroy and Governor-General of India on the same day.

See also: Banaras Hindu University Act
 
Founder Mahamana inaugurate literacy day among students

BHU was finally established in 1916, the first university in India that was the result of people's efforts.[39] The foundation for the main campus of the university was laid by Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India, on Vasant Panchami 4 February 1916.[34][40] To promote the university's expansion, Malviya invited eminent guest speakers such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jagadish Chandra Bose, C. V. Raman, Prafulla Chandra Ray, Sam Higginbottom, Patrick Geddes, and Besant to deliver a series of what are now called The University Extension Lectures between 5–8 February 1916. Gandhi's lecture on the occasion was his first public address in India.[40]

Sunder Lal was appointed the first Vice-Chancellor, and the university began its academic session[41] the same month with classes initially held at the Central Hindu School in the Kamachha area, while the campus was being built on over 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) of land donated by the Kashi Naresh on the outskirts of the city. The Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar, Mir Osman Ali Khan, also made a donation for the university.[42][43][44]

The university's anthem, called Kulgeet, was composed by university professor and eminent scientist Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar.[45]

 
Scrollable image. Commemorative coins released on the centenary year of Banaras Hindu University[46]

Campus Edit

Main campus Edit

Banaras Hindu University's main campus is located on the southern edge of Varanasi, near the banks of the river Ganges. Development of the main campus, spread over 1,370 acres (5.5 km2),[47][48] started in 1916 on land donated by the then Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh. The campus layout approximates a semicircle, with intersecting roads laid out along the radii or in arcs. Buildings built in the first half of the 20th century are fine examples of Indo-Gothic architecture.

The campus has over 65 hostels offering residential accommodation for over 12,000 students.[49] On-campus housing is also available to a majority of the full-time faculty.

 
Singh Dwar, the main entrance gate to university campus

The main entrance gate and boundary wall was built on the donation made by Maharaja of Balrampur, Maharaja Pateshvari Prashad Singh, and is named after him as the Singh Dwar (transl. Singh Gate).[50]

The Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library is the main library on campus and houses over 1.3 million volumes as of 2011. Completed in 1941, its construction was financed by Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda. In addition to the main library, there are three institute libraries, eight faculty libraries and over 25 departmental libraries available to students and staff.

Sir Sunderlal Hospital on the campus is a teaching hospital for the Institute of Medical Sciences. Established in 1926 with 96 beds, it has since been expanded to over 900 beds and is the largest tertiary referral hospital in the region.

The most prominent landmark is the Shri Vishwanath Mandir, located in the centre of the campus. The foundation for this 252 feet (77 m) high complex of seven temples was laid in March 1931, and took almost three decades to complete.[51]

Established in 1920, Bharat Kala Bhavan is the university museum of the Banaras Hindu University. It is situated inside the main campus of the university with over 100,000 holdings which include artifacts, paintings, philately, textiles, costumes, etc.[52][53]

 
Scrollable image. Aerial view of the university.

Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Edit

The south campus is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district,[17] about 60 km (37 mi) southwest of the main campus. Spread over an area of over 2,700 acres (11 km2), it was transferred as a lease in perpetuity to BHU by the Bharat Mandal Trust in 1979.[54][55]

 
Rajiv Gandhi South Campus of the university

It hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agricultural Science Centre), with focus on research in agricultural techniques, agro-forestry and bio-diversity appropriate to the Vindhya Range region.[56][57] The South Campus features a lecture complex, library, student hostels and faculty housing, besides administrative offices.[58][59]

Halls of residence Edit

 
Limbdi hostel in the university

BHU is a fully residential university with a total of 66 hostels[60] - 41 hostels for male, 21 hostels for female students, and 4 hostels for International students.[61][62]

Hostels in the university are divided among different faculties, institutes, campuses, and colleges catering to their specific demands.[63] Out of the four separate hostels for international students, two are for boys and the other two for girls.[61][63]

Hostels of the university are named after several historically important figures such as Raja Baldev Das Jugal Kishore Birla, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Rani Laxmibai and M. Visvesvaraya.[61] Some hostels are named after important rivers of India; 'Triveni' for instance was initially a cluster of three girls' hostels named after rivers Ganga, Yamuna, and Sarasvati; thereby the cluster being called after Triveni Sangam. Later, hostels named after river Godavari and Kaveri were also added to the 'Triveni' block.[64]

BHU also provides on-campus residence to a substantial number of teaching and non-teaching staff. There are 654 quarters for teaching staff, 688 quarters for non-teaching staff.[65]

Organisation and administration Edit

Governance Edit

See also: Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University
 
President Murmu, Visitor of the university

The President of India (as of December 2022, Droupadi Murmu) is the visitor of the Banaras Hindu University.[66][67][68] The university's formal head is the chancellor (as of December 2022, Giridhar Malaviya), though this is a titular figure, and is not involved with the day-to-day running of the university.[69] The chancellor is elected by the members of the University Court. The university's chief executive is the Vice-chancellor (as of December 2022, Sudhir K. Jain),[70] appointed by the President of India on the recommendations of Ministry of Education which, in turn, is based on an open application process.[71][72] All permanent administrative offices of the university are located in the Central Office.[73]

 
The Central Office of BHU, atop is the BHU flag at what is also known as the Central Registry.

The university is governed as per the procedures laid out in the Banaras Hindu University Act of 1915, and statutes of the university.[74] The Executive Council is the supreme executive governing body of the university and exercises all the powers on management and administration of the revenue, property, and administrative affairs of the university. The University Court is the supreme advisory body to the Visitor for all matters not otherwise provided for by the Banaras Hindu University Act, and the statutes.[75][76] The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the university and is responsible for the maintenance of standards of instruction, education and examination within the university.[77] It has the right to advise the Executive Council on all academic matters. The Finance Committee is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets.[78][74]

 
Prof. Jain, Vice-Chancellor of the university

The BHU Act[79] has clearly laid out procedure and functions of different administrative bodies of the university. All officers of the university draw their power and responsibilities from the BHU Act of 1915, and statues of the university.[80]

 
Office of the Controller of Examinations

University Temple Edit

Main article: Shri Vishwanath Mandir
 
Shri Vishwanath Mandir has the tallest temple tower in the world.[81]

The university has a university temple called Shri Vishwanath Mandir also known as Vishwanath Temple located in the center of the campus, primarily dedicated to Lord Shiva along with 8 other temples inside the main temple structure.[82][83]

International Centre Edit

BHU established International Centre, a university department, in 2004 to handle all international academic affairs such as foreign students' applications, international collaboration, international alumni outreach.[84][85][86]

University Museum Edit

Main article: Bharat Kala Bhavan

The University Museum, Bharat Kala Bhavan, is an art and archaeological museum on the campus. Established in January 1920, its first chairman was Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, with his nephew Abanindranath Tagore as the vice-chairman.[86] The museum was expanded and gained prominence with the efforts of Rai Krishnadasa.[87] The museum is best known for its collection of Indian paintings, but also includes archaeological artefacts, textiles and costumes, Indian philately as well as literary and archival materials.[88][89] The Alice Boner Gallery was also set up at Bharat Kala Bhavan with the assistance of the Alice Boner Foundation in 1989 to mark the birth centenary of Alice Boner.[90][91]

 
Krishna killing Aghasura, c. 1760 Malwa painting in University Museum

Banaras Hindu University Press Edit

 
Organization chart of the university

Established in 1936 with initial funding from Seth Jugal Kishore Birla, formally the Banaras Hindu University Press and Publication Cell, is the university press of BHU. It comprises two entities, namely BHU Press, and the Publication Cell. While the BHU press publishes books, and journals of the university, the Publication Cell looks after the sales aspect.[92][93][94] The BHU Press also publishes Vishwa Panchang prepared by the Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan.[95][96][97]

Academics Edit

Academic entities in the Banaras Hindu University are divided in several types of units with varying independence and budget. Institutes are a cluster of one or more faculties; faculties are a cluster of one or more departments, departments are specifically dedicated to one subject such as political science, or mathematics, or pottery. The university also has special chairs, inter-disciplinary schools, and special centres.[98]

Institutes Edit

Banaras Hindu University maintains six institutes:[99][24]

 
Dept. of Electrical Engineering IIT-BHU

The Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University (IIT-BHU) has its roots in the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (IT-BHU). Upon receiving a proposal from the MHRD to convert IT-BHU into an Indian Institutes of Technology, the university's Executive Council approved the change in 2012.[100][101] Today the IIT-BHU functions as an autonomous IIT, with certain powers vested in the BHU. IIT provides courses at UG, PG, and PhD level.[102]

 
Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University

The Institute of Science, originally established as the Faculty of Science and later upgraded, provides education in zoology, botany, biochemistry, computer science, geography, mathematics, physics, geology, geophysics , chemistry, statistics.[103][104][105] The Institute also publishes the double-blind peer reviewed Journal of Scientific Research.[106]

 
Agriculture Fields of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU

Established in 1931 as the Institute of Agricultural Research, the Institute of Agricultural Sciences is one of the premier institutes of agricultural sciences in India.[107] The institute comprises 11 departments and four auxiliary units and imparts education through undergraduate, postgraduate, special courses, PhD, and diploma programs.[108][109][110]

 
Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU

The Institute of Medical Sciences, comprising three faculties and one college, is one of the premier medical institutions in India.[111][112][113] The institute provides courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, PhD, and diploma levels.[114] It also has the Sir Sunderlal Hospital, and a Trauma centre and Super Speciality Hospital[115]

 
Sir Sundarlal Hospital, IMS-BHU

The Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD), which aims to develop and advance the knowledge of technology and processes for sustainable development, was started in 2010.[116] The institute was established in accordance with the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development goal to contribute significantly to the development of appropriate knowledge and competences in the area of sustainable development.[117][118]

Starting as the Department of Management Studies, which was upgraded to Faculty of Management Studies in 1984, IMSt-BHU was finally upgraded into an institute in 2015.[119] The Institute of Management Studies is the business school of Banaras Hindu University. Among the earliest management schools in India, the institute imparts education at postgraduate and doctoral levels.[120][121][122] Alok Kumar Rai, a professor at FMS-BHU is currently the vice-chancellor of the University of Lucknow.[123]

Faculties Edit

There are nine standalone (which are not under any institute or college) faculties at the Banaras Hindu University:[124][99][24]

 
Faculty of Arts, Banaras Hindu University

Founded in 1898 as the Central Hindu College, the Faculty of Arts is the oldest faculty of the university. It offers courses in History, Culture, Philosophy, Languages, Literature along with various professional and vocational courses. Due to its nature of age, it is also called the 'Mother faculty' of the university.[125][126][127]

Established in 1940 as the Department of Commerce, the Faculty of Commerce was fully institutionalized as an independent faculty in 1965.[128] The FoC offers courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels in commerce, financial management, foreign trade, and risk & insurance.[129][130]

Established in 1918 as the Teacher's Training College, the Faculty of Education is based out of the Kamachha Complex (outside main campus).[131] The FoE provides B.Ed, B.Ed (Special Visual Impairment), M.Ed and Ph.D in education.[132] The faculty has been publishing its journal National Journal of Education starting 1978.[133]

Established in 1922, the Law School offers courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral, and diploma level in law.[134]

The Faculty of Performing Arts offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctorate courses in performing arts.[135] It was founded in 1950 and had several renowned and award-winning artists and musicians as faculty members.[136][137] Faculty of Performing Arts was started by Omkarnath Thakur in 1950. It was initially instituted as a college called "Music and Fine Arts". In 1966, under Govind Malviya and founding principal Omkarnath Thakur, the college was restructured to a faculty, with three departments (Vocal music, Instrumental music and Musicology). The Faculty of Performing Arts claims to have started the first department of Musicology in India headed by musicologist Prem Lata Sharma.[136]

 
Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vijnan

Established in 1918, the Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vijnan (SVDV) offers courses at Shastri (undergraduate), Acharya (postgraduate), Vidyavardhi (doctoral) and diploma levels in Hindu, Jain, and Buddhism practices and philosophies.[138][139] The Faculty of Visual Arts offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in applied and visual arts. It was founded in 1916.[140] It includes five departments: Painting, Applied arts, Plastic arts, Pottery and Ceramics, and Textile designing.[141]

The Faculty of Social Sciences was bifurcated from the Faculty of Arts in 1971.[127] It offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Social science and includes the departments of Economics, History, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology.[142] Other than the departments, there are five centres which carry on the studies in various fields, namely the Centre for the Study of Nepal, Centre for Women's Study and Development, Centre for Integrated Rural Development, Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusion Policy and the Malviya Centre for Peace Research. and Special Courses like Master of Personnel Management and Industrial Relations (MPMIR) [143]

Colleges and schools Edit

Colleges Edit

Four colleges in Varanasi are admitted to the privileges of the Banaras Hindu University.[99][24][144][145]

The DAV Post Graduate College is a public, co-ed, research college admitted to the privileges of Banaras Hindu University, which was established in 1938. The DAV PG College is also accredited with A+ rating by NAAC.[146] There are three public women's colleges: Arya Mahila Post Graduate College, established in 1956;[147] Vasanta College for Women, which was established in 1913 by Annie Besant;[148] and Vasant Kanya Mahavidyalaya, established in 1954.[149]

Mahila Mahavidyalaya (MMV) (transl. Women's College) is an undergraduate level women's college.[150][151]

Schools Edit

Three schools in Varanasi are run by the Banaras Hindu University School Board:[152]

Kendriya Vidyalaya BHU situated inside the university campus is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education, run by the Kendriya Vidyalya Sangathan.[156]

Inter-disciplinary schools Edit

School of Biotechnology Edit

 
School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University

The School of Biotechnology (SBT) is a center for postgraduate teaching and research under the aegis of Institute of Science of the BHU.[157][158] It was established in 1986 with funding from the Department of Biotechnology,[159] of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It offers MSc and PhD programmes in Biotechnology.

The interdisciplinary program involves the partnership between the Institute of Science, the Institute of Medical Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology at BHU. Notable faculty include Arvind Mohan Kayastha.[160]

DBT-BHU Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences Edit

The Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences (ISLS) is a joint initiative of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India and the BHU. It was established with a grant of INR 238.9 million from the DBT.[161]

Research centres Edit

Apart from specialised centres directly funded by DBT, DST, ICAR and ISRO, a large number of departments under the Institutes of Sciences, Engineering & Technology and Faculty of Social Sciences receive funding from the DST Fund for Improvement of Science & Technology Infrastructure (FIST) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) Special Assistance Programme (SAP). UGC SAP provides funds under its Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Department of Special Assistance (DSA) and Departmental Research Support (DRS) programmes.[162]

The Centre for Genetic Disorders was established in 2008. This centre is involved in genetic diagnosis and counselling of cases referred from BHU hospital. The centre is engaged in research on various genetic disorders. It offers Ph.D. programmes and a one-year PG diploma course on Chromosomal, Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics.[163][164]

The Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences (CIMS) focuses on research and education in mathematics, modelling and statistics. It was established under the management of the Faculty of Science, with support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST).[165] The centre imparts post-graduate education and research with participation from the Department of Mathematics, Department of Statistics and Department of Computer Science of the Institute of Science and the Department of Applied Mathematics of the IIT-BHU. It regularly organises training programmes, workshops, seminars, and conferences.

The Centre of Food Science & Technology (CFST) is an inter-disciplinary research centre with collaboration between the Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) focusing on food processing technology.[166] The Center for Environmental Science and Technology (CEST) is an interdisciplinary university research centre at the Faculty of Science. The CEST conducts three-year M.Sc.(Tech) and Ph.D programmes in Environmental Science & Technology. The centre also works to coordinate environmental programmes of the university[167]

Established by the executive council of the university under the Government of India's Namami Gange Mission, the Malaviya Research Centre for Ganga, River Development & Water Resource Management is dedicated to the study of pollution of the Ganges.[168] The centre focuses on the study of river basin ecology, hydrology and pollution management, technology development, socio-economic and culture, and data management.[169] The centre provides training called Ganga Mitra (transl. Ganga's Friends) in pursuance of its objectives on various subjects.[170] Established in 1991, the Malviya Centre for Ethics and Values aims to promote ethics and human values in higher education.[171] The centre provides two-year diploma courses on human values and ethics.[172] The centre has been tasked as the nodal agency for developing and monitoring courses on human values and ethics in all central universities.[172]

Other research centres Edit

 
Centre for Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University

Other research centres of the university include:

  • Center for Nanotechnology[173]
  • Hydrogen Energy Center
  • UGC Advanced Immunodiagnostic Training and Research Center
  • Centre for Experimental Medicine and Surgery
  • Center for Women's Studies and Development[174]
  • Center for the Study of Nepal[175]
  • Malviya Center for Peace Research[176]
  • Center for Rural Integrated Development[177]
  • Centre for Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy[178]

Special centres Edit

Design Innovation Centre Edit

Funded by Department of Higher Education, MHRD, and established in 2015, the Design Innovation Centre(DIC) is a collaboration between IIT-BHU and BHU. The DIC focuses on providing a platform to the students and faculties of the university in order to foster innovation and creative problem solving.[179][180] The centre also serves Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad,[181] Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad,[182] and the University of Allahabad.[183]

BioNest-BHU Edit

Established in 2020 as the InnoResTech Foundation-BHU (called BioNest-BHU)[184] by funding from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council, BioNest-BHU aims to promote startup and entrepreneurship in sciences, biotechnology, healthcare, agritech, food technology, etc. composed of expert faculty members from IMS-BHU, IAS-BHU, and ISc-BHU.[185][186][187]

Admissions Edit

 
Faculty building in the university

Starting academic year 2022, the university has confirmed shifting towards the All-India Common University Entrance Test (CUET) for admission to several undergraduate and postgraduate[188] courses, which shall replace the Banaras Hindu University Undergraduate Entrance Test (BHU-UET) and Banaras Hindu University Postgraduate Entrance Test (BHU-PET) exams.[189][190] Admissions are done according to coursewise eligibility criteria set by the university, merit in the entrance tests, and as per reservation policy of the Government of India.

University admission statistics
Year Level Applications Offers Offer Rate(%)
2022 UG 4,34,140[191] 8,231[192] 1.90

Admissions to undergraduate programs of IIT-BHU are only through JEE Advanced,[193] similarly, admissions to programs of IMS-BHU are only through NEET,[194] and admissions to FMS-BHU is through a mix of Common Admission Test and personal interview, etc.[195]

Admissions for PhD are done on the basis of either qualification of National Eligibility Test (NET) by the candidates, or through the scores of Banaras Hindu University Research Entrance Test (BHU-RET).[196] Admissions in Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University are done through PMT exam. Starting 2021, the UET & PET exams have been conducted by the National Testing Agency.[197]

Admissions to the Banaras Hindu University are highly competitive and tough with more than 50 applicants for one seat.[198][191] BHU attracts a substantial number of international students. The university has a separate admission pipeline for international students. Applications from international students wishing to continue their education at BHU are invited directly to the university International Centre.[84][199]

Admissions to the diploma and Special Courses of Study (SCS) are conducted through varying processes depending on the faculty, directly by the university.[200][201]

Banaras Hindu University Entrance Tests Edit

After opting for CUET exam for undergraduate and postgraduate courses, the Banaras Hindu University now only conducts the Banaras Hindu University Research Entrance Test (BHU-RET) for admission to the PhD courses.[202]

Until 2021, Banaras Hindu University has used to conduct national level BHU-UET for undergraduate courses, and BHU-PET, for postgraduate courses, usually during May–June for admission for which registrations begun on Vasant Panchmi i.e., university foundation day, for over 24 undergraduate and over 100 postgraduate courses.[203] The UET & PET exams were held for 5166 seats in online and offline mode in subject-wise papers. The total exam duration was two hours with multiple-choice questions. Total marks varied with the exam.[204]

The entire admission process is conducted by the Controller of Examinations.

Rankings Edit

University rankings
General – international
Times (World) (2022)[205]601-800
Times (Asia) (2021)[206]153 (2022)
Times (Emerging) (2021)[207]159 (2022)
General – India
NIRF (Overall) (2022)[208]11
NIRF (Universities) (2022)[209]6
Outlook India (Universities) (2020)[210]7
Engineering – India
NIRF (2022)[211]13
Medical – India
NIRF (2022)[212]5
India Today (2020)[213]7
Law – India
NIRF (2022)[214]20
India Today (2020)[215]5
Business/Management – India
NIRF (2022)[216]50


Internationally, BHU was ranked 601–800 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2022[217][205] and 153 in Asia in 2022.[206]

In India, the 2022 National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked BHU sixth among universities[218] and eleventh overall.[219] [220] In NIRF 2022 rankings, BHU ranked fifth in medical,[221] 20 in law,[222] and 50 in management.[223]

The university was ranked seventh among universities in India by Outlook India in 2020.[224]

Its engineering institute, IIT-BHU, was ranked thirteenth by the NIRF Engineering ranking for 2021.[225] In 2019, IIT-BHU was ranked ninth among engineering colleges in India by The Week.[226]

The Faculty of Law, Banaras Hindu University was ranked fifth in India by Outlook India in 2019[227] and seventh in India by The Week.[226]

The Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University was ranked fifth among medical colleges in India in 2022 by NIRF.[228] It was ranked seventh among medical colleges in India in 2020 by India Today,[213] sixth by The Week [229] and eighth by Outlook India.[230]

Library Edit

Main article: Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library, BHU
 
Central Library, BHU

The Banaras Hindu University Library system was established from a collection donated by P.K. Telang in the memory of his father Justice Kashinath Trimbak Telang in 1917. The collection was housed in the Telang Hall of the Central Hindu College, Kamachha. In 1921, the library was moved to the Central Hall of the Arts College (now the Faculty of Arts).

The present Central Library of BHU was established with a donation from Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda. Upon his return from the First round Table Conference, Gaekwad wanted a library built on the pattern of the British Library and its reading room, which was then located in the British Museum. On Malviya's suggestion, he made the donation to build the library on the BHU campus.[231]

The Gaekwad Library is a designated Manuscript Conservation Centre (MCC) of the National Mission for Manuscripts,[232] established in 2003.[233]

By 1931, the library had built a collection of around 60,000 volumes. The trend of donation of personal and family collection to the library continued as late as the 1940s with the result that it has unique pieces of rarities of books and journals dating back to the 18th century.

As of 2011, the BHU Library System consisted of the Central Library and 3 Institute Libraries, 8 Faculty Libraries and over 25 Departmental Libraries, with a collection of at least 1.3 million volumes.[231] The digital library is available to students and staff and provides online access to thousands of journals, besides access to large collections of online resources[234] through the National Informatics Centre's DELNET[235] and UGC's INFLIBNET.[236]

Student life Edit

Festivals and traditions Edit

 
Swatantra Bhawan (Hall of Independence) is the university auditorium with seating capacity of 2,000 [237]

The Banaras Hindu University observes Saraswati puja day (also known as Vasant Panchami) as its foundation day.[238][239] Goddess Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, arts, wisdom and nature. She is also the revered mascot of the university, and is a part of the university seal.[240][241]

There is an intra-university fest, Spandan, where students represent their faculty/institute in various art competitions such as literature (essay-writing, poems, debates), painting, sketches, vocal music, dancing, singing, drama, and mimicry. It is held every year after Vasant Panchami in the month of February or March.[242] Apart from Spandan, each faculty and institute have their own in-house annual festivals, for instance, Aakanksha is the annual festival of Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University.[243][244][245]

The university anthem, Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet, is sung in chorus before the convocation[246][247] or any other official event begins.[248]

Apart from the three national day festivals,[249][250][251] the following festivals are celebrated at an official level in the university:

 
BHU Foundation Day Ceremony in 1916 [252]
Major Festivals at the Banaras Hindu University
Name of Faculty/Institute/College Name of the Festival Dates References
Banaras Hindu University Foundation Day On Vasant Panchami [253][254][255][256]
Banaras Hindu University Spandan (Intra-university festival and competition) February–March [257][258][259]
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Kashiyatra January [260][261][262]
Institute of Science, BHU Aakanksha February–March [263][264][265]
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU Srishti February–March [266][267][268]
Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU Elixir February–March [269][270][271]
Institute of Management Studies, BHU Unnayan February–March [272][273][274]
Faculty of Arts, BHU Sanskriti February–March [275][276][277]
Faculty of Social Sciences, BHU Abhikalpan February–March [278][279][280]
Law School, BHU Srijan December, or February–March [281][282][283]
DAV PG College, BHU Udaan June–July [284][285][286]
Banaras Hindu University Malviya Jayanti December [287][288]

Some other festivals celebrated in the Banaras Hindu University at a non-official, students' level include:

Convocation Dress Edit

 
Convocation attendees in university academic costume

Academic costume is mandatory for university convocation. The university's academic costume is White Saree with red border, and red blouse for females; and White Kurta with Dhoti or Pyjama for male students. Both academic costumes include Safa and Uttariya.[299][300] BHU was the first prominent university in India to ditch Western convocation dress for Indian traditional convocation dress, which led to students at other universities demanding the same,[301] and eventually other universities following suit.[302][303]

Clubs and societies Edit

BHU has university level Mountaineering Centre,[304][305] and University Sports Board.[306][307] Other interest-specific clubs[308][309] and societies exist at faculty, institute, and college level, like FSS Connect,[310] which is a consortium of all societies and clubs at the Faculty of Social Sciences. In 2022 BHU Connect was introduced, which is a platform that acts as a consortium for different institutes' clubs and societies, as well as act as an umbrella for students run unit to manage clubs, events and ensure help to aspirants and freshers at the Banaras Hindu University.[311]

Awards and medals Edit

 
BHU Medal

Medals and prizes are awarded at faculty, as well as university level. Each faculty and institute have several in-house awards and medals.[312] Some of the university level medals include:

  • The BHU Chancellor's Medal is given to the student securing highest CGPA in the university.[313][312]
  • The BHU Medal is given to students who secure the first position in their respective courses (e.g. B.Com.).[314][312]
  • Late Maharaja Vibhuti Narain Singh Gold Medal is given to the student securing the highest CGPA in the university.[315][316]
  • Ex-President of India Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma Gold Medal is awarded to the student exhibiting best character, academic excellence, outstanding co-curricular, extra-curricular, and social services in the university.[317][318]
  • Bhagwandas Thakurdas Chandwani Gold Medal is given to the student standing first in MBBS at the IMS-BHU.[319][312]
  • The Wagle Gold Medal is given to the student standing first in M.A. Economics.[320][312]

Student unions and protests Edit

See also: Banaras Hindu University Students' Union

Banaras Hindu University does not have an active political student union, but an administrative student council called the Banaras Hindu University Students Council to represent and safeguard the interests of the students.[321][322]

Despite no elections, student wings of major political parties have an active presence on the campus.[323][324]

Organized and unorganized protests are held often in the campus due to the vast majority of students.[325][326] The most prominent protest in the last few years have been the Banaras Hindu University women's rights protest.[327]

Gallery of notable alumni and faculty Edit

Main articles: List of Banaras Hindu University people and List of Vice-Chancellors of Banaras Hindu University

Alumni and faculty of the Banaras Hindu University, called BHUians and महामना के मानस पुत्र/पुत्री [328][329](transl. Soulful Sons/Daughters of Mahamana), have gained prominence in India and across the world in almost all fields of arts, science, and social work. Two former Presidents of India, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam have worked and taught at the university. Other famous administrators include Sunder Lal,[330] K. L. Shrimali,[331] and Moti Lal Dhar.[332]

Alumni include:

See also Edit

References Edit

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October 14, 2023
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BHU redirects here For other uses see BHU disambiguation Banaras University and Hindu University redirect here For other uses see List of educational institutions in Varanasi This article relies excessively on references to primary sources Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources Find sources Banaras Hindu University news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Banaras Hindu University BHU IAST kasi hindu visvavidyalaya IPA kaːʃiː hɪnd uː ʋɪʃweʋid jaːlej is a public state university located in Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India and founded in 1916 The university incorporated the Central Hindu College founded by Indian Home Rule leaguer and Theosophist Annie Besant in 1898 6 7 After Besant and her associates were marginalized 8 the university was established by Madan Mohan Malaviya with the financial support of the maharaja of Darbhanga Rameshwar Singh the maharaja of Benares Prabhu Narayan Singh and the lawyer Sunder Lal With over 30 000 students and 18 000 residing on campus BHU is the largest residential university in Asia 9 10 The university is one of the eight public institutions declared as an Institute of Eminence by the Government of India 11 12 It is also one of the 12 institutions from India in BRICS Universities League a consortium of leading research universities from BRICS countries 13 Banaras Hindu UniversityHindi Kashi Hindu VishwavidyalayaSeal of the UniversityOther namesBHUFormer nameCentral Hindu CollegeMottoIAST Vidyaya mr tamasnuteMotto in English Knowledge imparts immortality TypePublicEstablished4 February 1916 107 years ago 1916 02 04 FoundersMadan Mohan Malaviya Annie Besant Rameshwar Singh Prabhu Narayan Singh Sunder LalAcademic affiliationsAIUUGCICARBudget 18 087 557 399 US 230 million 1 ChancellorGiridhar Malaviya 2 Vice ChancellorSudhir K Jain 3 Students30 698 4 Undergraduates15 746 4 Postgraduates7 557 4 Doctoral students4 555 4 LocationVaranasi Uttar Pradesh India25 16 04 N 82 59 21 E 25 2677 N 82 9891 E 25 2677 82 9891CampusUrbanLanguageHindi EnglishAnthemKulgeet Madhur ManoharColours BHU Saffron BHU Blue BHU Grey Silver 5 MascotGoddess SaraswatiWebsitebhu wbr ac wbr inBHU has often been referred by different names throughout the history and present Some of the English names include Banaras University 14 15 Benares Hindu University and Hindu University 16 The university s main campus spread over 1 370 acres 5 5 km2 was built on land donated by the Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh the hereditary ruler of Banaras Kashi being an alternative name for Banaras or Varanasi The south campus spread over 2 700 acres 11 km2 is built on land donated later by Maharaj Kumar Aditya Narayan Singh in Sunderpur 17 hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra Agriculture Science Centre 18 and is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district about 60 km 37 mi from Varanasi 19 20 BHU is organized into six institutes 14 faculties streams and about 140 departments As of 2020 update the total student enrolment at the university is 30 698 4 21 coming from 48 countries 22 23 It has over 65 hostels for resident students Several of its faculties and institutes include Arts Social Sciences Commerce Management Studies Science Performing Arts Law Agricultural Science Medical Science and Environment and Sustainable Development along with departments of Linguistics Journalism amp Mass Communication among others 24 The university s engineering institute was designated as an Indian Institute of Technology in June 2012 and henceforth is Indian Institute of Technology BHU 25 Centralised in 1916 through the Banaras Hindu University Act Banaras Hindu University is India s first central university BHU celebrated its centenary year in 2015 2016 26 27 Contents 1 History 2 Campus 2 1 Main campus 2 2 Rajiv Gandhi South Campus 2 3 Halls of residence 3 Organisation and administration 3 1 Governance 3 2 University Temple 3 3 International Centre 3 4 University Museum 3 5 Banaras Hindu University Press 4 Academics 4 1 Institutes 4 2 Faculties 4 3 Colleges and schools 4 3 1 Colleges 4 3 2 Schools 4 4 Inter disciplinary schools 4 4 1 School of Biotechnology 4 4 2 DBT BHU Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences 4 5 Research centres 4 5 1 Other research centres 4 6 Special centres 4 6 1 Design Innovation Centre 4 6 2 BioNest BHU 4 7 Admissions 4 7 1 Banaras Hindu University Entrance Tests 4 8 Rankings 4 9 Library 5 Student life 5 1 Festivals and traditions 5 1 1 Convocation Dress 5 2 Clubs and societies 5 3 Awards and medals 5 4 Student unions and protests 6 Gallery of notable alumni and faculty 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory EditThe Banaras Hindu University was jointly established by Madan Mohan Malaviya Annie Besant Maharaja Rameshwar Singh of Darbhanga Raj and Prabhu Narayan Singh and Aditya Narayan Singh of Narayan dynasty while the university is the brainchild of Malviya 28 29 30 nbsp Madan Mohan Malviya at the universityAt the 21st Conference of the Indian National Congress in Benares in December 1905 Malaviya publicly announced his intent to establish a university in Banaras Malaviya continued to develop his vision for the university with inputs from other Indian nationalists and educationists He published his plan in 1911 The focus of his arguments was the prevailing poverty in India and the decline in income of Indians compared to Europeans The plan called for the focus on technology and science besides the study of India s religion and culture 31 The millions mired in poverty here can only get rid of it when science is used in their interest Such maximum application of science is only possible when scientific knowledge is available to Indians in their own country Madan Mohan Malviya 31 Malaviya s plan evaluated whether to seek government recognition for the university or operate without its control He decided in favour of the former for various reasons Malaviya also considered the question of medium of instruction and decided to start with English given the prevalent environment and gradually add Hindi and other Indian languages A distinguishing characteristic of Malaviya s vision was the preference for a residential university All other Indian universities of the period such as the universities in Bombay Calcutta Madras etc were affiliating universities which only conducted examinations and awarded degrees to students of their affiliated colleges 32 Malaviya had supported Annie Besant s cause and in 1903 he had raised 250 000 Rupees in donations to finance the construction of the school s hostel 33 In 1907 Besant had applied for a royal charter to establish a university However there was no response from the British government Following the publication of Malviya s plan Besant met Malviya and in April 1911 they agreed to unite their forces to build the university in Varanasi 34 Malaviya soon left his legal practice to focus exclusively on developing the university and his independence activities 35 On 22 November 1911 he registered the Hindu University Society to gather support and raise funds for building the university 36 He spent the next four years gathering support and raising funds for the university Malaviya sought and received early support from the Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh and Rameshwar Singh Bahadur of Raj Darbhanga 32 Thakur Jadunath Singh of Arkha along with other noble houses of United Provinces contributed for the development of the university 37 nbsp Initial prospectus of the universityOn 22 March 1915 then Education Minister Harcourt Butler introduced the Benares Hindu University Bill in the Imperial Legislative Council 38 In his speech he remarked about the university My Lord this is no ordinary occasion We are watching to day the birth of a new and many hope a better type of University in India The main features of this University which distinguish it from existing Universities will be first that it will be a teaching and residential University secondly that while it will be open to all castes and creeds it will insist upon religious instructions for Hindus and thirdly that it will be conducted and managed by the Hindu community and almost entirely by non officials Harcourt Butler 11 March 1915 Imperial Legislative Council New Delhi India 37 The Benares Hindu University Bill was passed on 1 October 1915 and assented by the Viceroy and Governor General of India on the same day See also Banaras Hindu University Act nbsp Founder Mahamana inaugurate literacy day among studentsBHU was finally established in 1916 the first university in India that was the result of people s efforts 39 The foundation for the main campus of the university was laid by Lord Hardinge the then Viceroy of India on Vasant Panchami 4 February 1916 34 40 To promote the university s expansion Malviya invited eminent guest speakers such as Mahatma Gandhi Jagadish Chandra Bose C V Raman Prafulla Chandra Ray Sam Higginbottom Patrick Geddes and Besant to deliver a series of what are now called The University Extension Lectures between 5 8 February 1916 Gandhi s lecture on the occasion was his first public address in India 40 Sunder Lal was appointed the first Vice Chancellor and the university began its academic session 41 the same month with classes initially held at the Central Hindu School in the Kamachha area while the campus was being built on over 1 300 acres 5 3 km2 of land donated by the Kashi Naresh on the outskirts of the city The Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar Mir Osman Ali Khan also made a donation for the university 42 43 44 The university s anthem called Kulgeet was composed by university professor and eminent scientist Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar 45 nbsp Scrollable image Commemorative coins released on the centenary year of Banaras Hindu University 46 Campus EditMain campus Edit Banaras Hindu University s main campus is located on the southern edge of Varanasi near the banks of the river Ganges Development of the main campus spread over 1 370 acres 5 5 km2 47 48 started in 1916 on land donated by the then Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh The campus layout approximates a semicircle with intersecting roads laid out along the radii or in arcs Buildings built in the first half of the 20th century are fine examples of Indo Gothic architecture The campus has over 65 hostels offering residential accommodation for over 12 000 students 49 On campus housing is also available to a majority of the full time faculty nbsp Singh Dwar the main entrance gate to university campusThe main entrance gate and boundary wall was built on the donation made by Maharaja of Balrampur Maharaja Pateshvari Prashad Singh and is named after him as the Singh Dwar transl Singh Gate 50 The Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library is the main library on campus and houses over 1 3 million volumes as of 2011 Completed in 1941 its construction was financed by Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda In addition to the main library there are three institute libraries eight faculty libraries and over 25 departmental libraries available to students and staff Sir Sunderlal Hospital on the campus is a teaching hospital for the Institute of Medical Sciences Established in 1926 with 96 beds it has since been expanded to over 900 beds and is the largest tertiary referral hospital in the region The most prominent landmark is the Shri Vishwanath Mandir located in the centre of the campus The foundation for this 252 feet 77 m high complex of seven temples was laid in March 1931 and took almost three decades to complete 51 Established in 1920 Bharat Kala Bhavan is the university museum of the Banaras Hindu University It is situated inside the main campus of the university with over 100 000 holdings which include artifacts paintings philately textiles costumes etc 52 53 nbsp Scrollable image Aerial view of the university Rajiv Gandhi South Campus EditThe south campus is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district 17 about 60 km 37 mi southwest of the main campus Spread over an area of over 2 700 acres 11 km2 it was transferred as a lease in perpetuity to BHU by the Bharat Mandal Trust in 1979 54 55 nbsp Rajiv Gandhi South Campus of the universityIt hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra Agricultural Science Centre with focus on research in agricultural techniques agro forestry and bio diversity appropriate to the Vindhya Range region 56 57 The South Campus features a lecture complex library student hostels and faculty housing besides administrative offices 58 59 Halls of residence Edit nbsp Limbdi hostel in the universityBHU is a fully residential university with a total of 66 hostels 60 41 hostels for male 21 hostels for female students and 4 hostels for International students 61 62 Hostels in the university are divided among different faculties institutes campuses and colleges catering to their specific demands 63 Out of the four separate hostels for international students two are for boys and the other two for girls 61 63 Hostels of the university are named after several historically important figures such as Raja Baldev Das Jugal Kishore Birla Lal Bahadur Shastri Rani Laxmibai and M Visvesvaraya 61 Some hostels are named after important rivers of India Triveni for instance was initially a cluster of three girls hostels named after rivers Ganga Yamuna and Sarasvati thereby the cluster being called after Triveni Sangam Later hostels named after river Godavari and Kaveri were also added to the Triveni block 64 BHU also provides on campus residence to a substantial number of teaching and non teaching staff There are 654 quarters for teaching staff 688 quarters for non teaching staff 65 Organisation and administration EditGovernance Edit See also Vice Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University nbsp President Murmu Visitor of the universityThe President of India as of December 2022 Droupadi Murmu is the visitor of the Banaras Hindu University 66 67 68 The university s formal head is the chancellor as of December 2022 Giridhar Malaviya though this is a titular figure and is not involved with the day to day running of the university 69 The chancellor is elected by the members of the University Court The university s chief executive is the Vice chancellor as of December 2022 Sudhir K Jain 70 appointed by the President of India on the recommendations of Ministry of Education which in turn is based on an open application process 71 72 All permanent administrative offices of the university are located in the Central Office 73 nbsp The Central Office of BHU atop is the BHU flag at what is also known as the Central Registry The university is governed as per the procedures laid out in the Banaras Hindu University Act of 1915 and statutes of the university 74 The Executive Council is the supreme executive governing body of the university and exercises all the powers on management and administration of the revenue property and administrative affairs of the university The University Court is the supreme advisory body to the Visitor for all matters not otherwise provided for by the Banaras Hindu University Act and the statutes 75 76 The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the university and is responsible for the maintenance of standards of instruction education and examination within the university 77 It has the right to advise the Executive Council on all academic matters The Finance Committee is responsible for recommending financial policies goals and budgets 78 74 nbsp Prof Jain Vice Chancellor of the universityThe BHU Act 79 has clearly laid out procedure and functions of different administrative bodies of the university All officers of the university draw their power and responsibilities from the BHU Act of 1915 and statues of the university 80 nbsp Office of the Controller of ExaminationsUniversity Temple Edit Main article Shri Vishwanath Mandir nbsp Shri Vishwanath Mandir has the tallest temple tower in the world 81 The university has a university temple called Shri Vishwanath Mandir also known as Vishwanath Temple located in the center of the campus primarily dedicated to Lord Shiva along with 8 other temples inside the main temple structure 82 83 International Centre Edit BHU established International Centre a university department in 2004 to handle all international academic affairs such as foreign students applications international collaboration international alumni outreach 84 85 86 University Museum Edit Main article Bharat Kala Bhavan The University Museum Bharat Kala Bhavan is an art and archaeological museum on the campus Established in January 1920 its first chairman was Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore with his nephew Abanindranath Tagore as the vice chairman 86 The museum was expanded and gained prominence with the efforts of Rai Krishnadasa 87 The museum is best known for its collection of Indian paintings but also includes archaeological artefacts textiles and costumes Indian philately as well as literary and archival materials 88 89 The Alice Boner Gallery was also set up at Bharat Kala Bhavan with the assistance of the Alice Boner Foundation in 1989 to mark the birth centenary of Alice Boner 90 91 nbsp Krishna killing Aghasura c 1760 Malwa painting in University Museum Banaras Hindu University Press Edit nbsp Organization chart of the universityEstablished in 1936 with initial funding from Seth Jugal Kishore Birla formally the Banaras Hindu University Press and Publication Cell is the university press of BHU It comprises two entities namely BHU Press and the Publication Cell While the BHU press publishes books and journals of the university the Publication Cell looks after the sales aspect 92 93 94 The BHU Press also publishes Vishwa Panchang prepared by the Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vigyan 95 96 97 Academics EditAcademic entities in the Banaras Hindu University are divided in several types of units with varying independence and budget Institutes are a cluster of one or more faculties faculties are a cluster of one or more departments departments are specifically dedicated to one subject such as political science or mathematics or pottery The university also has special chairs inter disciplinary schools and special centres 98 Institutes Edit Banaras Hindu University maintains six institutes 99 24 nbsp Dept of Electrical Engineering IIT BHUThe Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University IIT BHU has its roots in the Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University IT BHU Upon receiving a proposal from the MHRD to convert IT BHU into an Indian Institutes of Technology the university s Executive Council approved the change in 2012 100 101 Today the IIT BHU functions as an autonomous IIT with certain powers vested in the BHU IIT provides courses at UG PG and PhD level 102 nbsp Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityThe Institute of Science originally established as the Faculty of Science and later upgraded provides education in zoology botany biochemistry computer science geography mathematics physics geology geophysics chemistry statistics 103 104 105 The Institute also publishes the double blind peer reviewed Journal of Scientific Research 106 nbsp Agriculture Fields of Institute of Agricultural Sciences BHUEstablished in 1931 as the Institute of Agricultural Research the Institute of Agricultural Sciences is one of the premier institutes of agricultural sciences in India 107 The institute comprises 11 departments and four auxiliary units and imparts education through undergraduate postgraduate special courses PhD and diploma programs 108 109 110 nbsp Institute of Medical Sciences BHUThe Institute of Medical Sciences comprising three faculties and one college is one of the premier medical institutions in India 111 112 113 The institute provides courses at undergraduate postgraduate PhD and diploma levels 114 It also has the Sir Sunderlal Hospital and a Trauma centre and Super Speciality Hospital 115 nbsp Sir Sundarlal Hospital IMS BHUThe Institute of Environment amp Sustainable Development IESD which aims to develop and advance the knowledge of technology and processes for sustainable development was started in 2010 116 The institute was established in accordance with the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development goal to contribute significantly to the development of appropriate knowledge and competences in the area of sustainable development 117 118 Starting as the Department of Management Studies which was upgraded to Faculty of Management Studies in 1984 IMSt BHU was finally upgraded into an institute in 2015 119 The Institute of Management Studies is the business school of Banaras Hindu University Among the earliest management schools in India the institute imparts education at postgraduate and doctoral levels 120 121 122 Alok Kumar Rai a professor at FMS BHU is currently the vice chancellor of the University of Lucknow 123 Faculties Edit There are nine standalone which are not under any institute or college faculties at the Banaras Hindu University 124 99 24 nbsp Faculty of Arts Banaras Hindu UniversityFounded in 1898 as the Central Hindu College the Faculty of Arts is the oldest faculty of the university It offers courses in History Culture Philosophy Languages Literature along with various professional and vocational courses Due to its nature of age it is also called the Mother faculty of the university 125 126 127 Established in 1940 as the Department of Commerce the Faculty of Commerce was fully institutionalized as an independent faculty in 1965 128 The FoC offers courses at undergraduate postgraduate and doctoral levels in commerce financial management foreign trade and risk amp insurance 129 130 Established in 1918 as the Teacher s Training College the Faculty of Education is based out of the Kamachha Complex outside main campus 131 The FoE provides B Ed B Ed Special Visual Impairment M Ed and Ph D in education 132 The faculty has been publishing its journal National Journal of Education starting 1978 133 Established in 1922 the Law School offers courses at undergraduate postgraduate doctoral and diploma level in law 134 The Faculty of Performing Arts offers undergraduate postgraduate and doctorate courses in performing arts 135 It was founded in 1950 and had several renowned and award winning artists and musicians as faculty members 136 137 Faculty of Performing Arts was started by Omkarnath Thakur in 1950 It was initially instituted as a college called Music and Fine Arts In 1966 under Govind Malviya and founding principal Omkarnath Thakur the college was restructured to a faculty with three departments Vocal music Instrumental music and Musicology The Faculty of Performing Arts claims to have started the first department of Musicology in India headed by musicologist Prem Lata Sharma 136 nbsp Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma VijnanEstablished in 1918 the Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vijnan SVDV offers courses at Shastri undergraduate Acharya postgraduate Vidyavardhi doctoral and diploma levels in Hindu Jain and Buddhism practices and philosophies 138 139 The Faculty of Visual Arts offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in applied and visual arts It was founded in 1916 140 It includes five departments Painting Applied arts Plastic arts Pottery and Ceramics and Textile designing 141 The Faculty of Social Sciences was bifurcated from the Faculty of Arts in 1971 127 It offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Social science and includes the departments of Economics History Political Science Psychology and Sociology 142 Other than the departments there are five centres which carry on the studies in various fields namely the Centre for the Study of Nepal Centre for Women s Study and Development Centre for Integrated Rural Development Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusion Policy and the Malviya Centre for Peace Research and Special Courses like Master of Personnel Management and Industrial Relations MPMIR 143 Colleges and schools Edit Colleges Edit Four colleges in Varanasi are admitted to the privileges of the Banaras Hindu University 99 24 144 145 The DAV Post Graduate College is a public co ed research college admitted to the privileges of Banaras Hindu University which was established in 1938 The DAV PG College is also accredited with A rating by NAAC 146 There are three public women s colleges Arya Mahila Post Graduate College established in 1956 147 Vasanta College for Women which was established in 1913 by Annie Besant 148 and Vasant Kanya Mahavidyalaya established in 1954 149 Mahila Mahavidyalaya MMV transl Women s College is an undergraduate level women s college 150 151 Schools Edit Three schools in Varanasi are run by the Banaras Hindu University School Board 152 Ranveer Sanskrit Vidyalaya 153 Central Hindu Boys School 154 Central Hindu Girls School 155 Kendriya Vidyalaya BHU situated inside the university campus is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education run by the Kendriya Vidyalya Sangathan 156 Inter disciplinary schools Edit School of Biotechnology Edit nbsp School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Banaras Hindu UniversityThe School of Biotechnology SBT is a center for postgraduate teaching and research under the aegis of Institute of Science of the BHU 157 158 It was established in 1986 with funding from the Department of Biotechnology 159 of the Ministry of Science and Technology Government of India It offers MSc and PhD programmes in Biotechnology The interdisciplinary program involves the partnership between the Institute of Science the Institute of Medical Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology at BHU Notable faculty include Arvind Mohan Kayastha 160 DBT BHU Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences Edit The Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences ISLS is a joint initiative of the Department of Biotechnology DBT Government of India and the BHU It was established with a grant of INR 238 9 million from the DBT 161 Research centres Edit Apart from specialised centres directly funded by DBT DST ICAR and ISRO a large number of departments under the Institutes of Sciences Engineering amp Technology and Faculty of Social Sciences receive funding from the DST Fund for Improvement of Science amp Technology Infrastructure FIST and the University Grants Commission UGC Special Assistance Programme SAP UGC SAP provides funds under its Centre of Advanced Study CAS Department of Special Assistance DSA and Departmental Research Support DRS programmes 162 The Centre for Genetic Disorders was established in 2008 This centre is involved in genetic diagnosis and counselling of cases referred from BHU hospital The centre is engaged in research on various genetic disorders It offers Ph D programmes and a one year PG diploma course on Chromosomal Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics 163 164 The Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences CIMS focuses on research and education in mathematics modelling and statistics It was established under the management of the Faculty of Science with support from the Department of Science and Technology DST 165 The centre imparts post graduate education and research with participation from the Department of Mathematics Department of Statistics and Department of Computer Science of the Institute of Science and the Department of Applied Mathematics of the IIT BHU It regularly organises training programmes workshops seminars and conferences The Centre of Food Science amp Technology CFST is an inter disciplinary research centre with collaboration between the Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology BHU focusing on food processing technology 166 The Center for Environmental Science and Technology CEST is an interdisciplinary university research centre at the Faculty of Science The CEST conducts three year M Sc Tech and Ph D programmes in Environmental Science amp Technology The centre also works to coordinate environmental programmes of the university 167 Established by the executive council of the university under the Government of India s Namami Gange Mission the Malaviya Research Centre for Ganga River Development amp Water Resource Management is dedicated to the study of pollution of the Ganges 168 The centre focuses on the study of river basin ecology hydrology and pollution management technology development socio economic and culture and data management 169 The centre provides training called Ganga Mitra transl Ganga s Friends in pursuance of its objectives on various subjects 170 Established in 1991 the Malviya Centre for Ethics and Values aims to promote ethics and human values in higher education 171 The centre provides two year diploma courses on human values and ethics 172 The centre has been tasked as the nodal agency for developing and monitoring courses on human values and ethics in all central universities 172 Other research centres Edit nbsp Centre for Advanced Study Banaras Hindu UniversityOther research centres of the university include Center for Nanotechnology 173 Hydrogen Energy Center UGC Advanced Immunodiagnostic Training and Research Center Centre for Experimental Medicine and Surgery Center for Women s Studies and Development 174 Center for the Study of Nepal 175 Malviya Center for Peace Research 176 Center for Rural Integrated Development 177 Centre for Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy 178 Special centres Edit Design Innovation Centre Edit Funded by Department of Higher Education MHRD and established in 2015 the Design Innovation Centre DIC is a collaboration between IIT BHU and BHU The DIC focuses on providing a platform to the students and faculties of the university in order to foster innovation and creative problem solving 179 180 The centre also serves Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad 181 Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad 182 and the University of Allahabad 183 BioNest BHU Edit Established in 2020 as the InnoResTech Foundation BHU called BioNest BHU 184 by funding from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council BioNest BHU aims to promote startup and entrepreneurship in sciences biotechnology healthcare agritech food technology etc composed of expert faculty members from IMS BHU IAS BHU and ISc BHU 185 186 187 Admissions Edit nbsp Faculty building in the universityStarting academic year 2022 the university has confirmed shifting towards the All India Common University Entrance Test CUET for admission to several undergraduate and postgraduate 188 courses which shall replace the Banaras Hindu University Undergraduate Entrance Test BHU UET and Banaras Hindu University Postgraduate Entrance Test BHU PET exams 189 190 Admissions are done according to coursewise eligibility criteria set by the university merit in the entrance tests and as per reservation policy of the Government of India University admission statistics Year Level Applications Offers Offer Rate 2022 UG 4 34 140 191 8 231 192 1 90Admissions to undergraduate programs of IIT BHU are only through JEE Advanced 193 similarly admissions to programs of IMS BHU are only through NEET 194 and admissions to FMS BHU is through a mix of Common Admission Test and personal interview etc 195 Admissions for PhD are done on the basis of either qualification of National Eligibility Test NET by the candidates or through the scores of Banaras Hindu University Research Entrance Test BHU RET 196 Admissions in Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University are done through PMT exam Starting 2021 the UET amp PET exams have been conducted by the National Testing Agency 197 Admissions to the Banaras Hindu University are highly competitive and tough with more than 50 applicants for one seat 198 191 BHU attracts a substantial number of international students The university has a separate admission pipeline for international students Applications from international students wishing to continue their education at BHU are invited directly to the university International Centre 84 199 Admissions to the diploma and Special Courses of Study SCS are conducted through varying processes depending on the faculty directly by the university 200 201 Banaras Hindu University Entrance Tests Edit After opting for CUET exam for undergraduate and postgraduate courses the Banaras Hindu University now only conducts the Banaras Hindu University Research Entrance Test BHU RET for admission to the PhD courses 202 Until 2021 Banaras Hindu University has used to conduct national level BHU UET for undergraduate courses and BHU PET for postgraduate courses usually during May June for admission for which registrations begun on Vasant Panchmi i e university foundation day for over 24 undergraduate and over 100 postgraduate courses 203 The UET amp PET exams were held for 5166 seats in online and offline mode in subject wise papers The total exam duration was two hours with multiple choice questions Total marks varied with the exam 204 The entire admission process is conducted by the Controller of Examinations Rankings Edit University rankingsGeneral internationalTimes World 2022 205 601 800Times Asia 2021 206 153 2022 Times Emerging 2021 207 159 2022 General IndiaNIRF Overall 2022 208 11NIRF Universities 2022 209 6Outlook India Universities 2020 210 7Engineering IndiaNIRF 2022 211 13Medical IndiaNIRF 2022 212 5India Today 2020 213 7Law IndiaNIRF 2022 214 20India Today 2020 215 5Business Management IndiaNIRF 2022 216 50Internationally BHU was ranked 601 800 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2022 217 205 and 153 in Asia in 2022 206 In India the 2022 National Institutional Ranking Framework NIRF ranked BHU sixth among universities 218 and eleventh overall 219 220 In NIRF 2022 rankings BHU ranked fifth in medical 221 20 in law 222 and 50 in management 223 The university was ranked seventh among universities in India by Outlook India in 2020 224 Its engineering institute IIT BHU was ranked thirteenth by the NIRF Engineering ranking for 2021 225 In 2019 IIT BHU was ranked ninth among engineering colleges in India by The Week 226 The Faculty of Law Banaras Hindu University was ranked fifth in India by Outlook India in 2019 227 and seventh in India by The Week 226 The Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University was ranked fifth among medical colleges in India in 2022 by NIRF 228 It was ranked seventh among medical colleges in India in 2020 by India Today 213 sixth by The Week 229 and eighth by Outlook India 230 Library Edit Main article Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library BHU nbsp Central Library BHUThe Banaras Hindu University Library system was established from a collection donated by P K Telang in the memory of his father Justice Kashinath Trimbak Telang in 1917 The collection was housed in the Telang Hall of the Central Hindu College Kamachha In 1921 the library was moved to the Central Hall of the Arts College now the Faculty of Arts The present Central Library of BHU was established with a donation from Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda Upon his return from the First round Table Conference Gaekwad wanted a library built on the pattern of the British Library and its reading room which was then located in the British Museum On Malviya s suggestion he made the donation to build the library on the BHU campus 231 The Gaekwad Library is a designated Manuscript Conservation Centre MCC of the National Mission for Manuscripts 232 established in 2003 233 By 1931 the library had built a collection of around 60 000 volumes The trend of donation of personal and family collection to the library continued as late as the 1940s with the result that it has unique pieces of rarities of books and journals dating back to the 18th century As of 2011 the BHU Library System consisted of the Central Library and 3 Institute Libraries 8 Faculty Libraries and over 25 Departmental Libraries with a collection of at least 1 3 million volumes 231 The digital library is available to students and staff and provides online access to thousands of journals besides access to large collections of online resources 234 through the National Informatics Centre s DELNET 235 and UGC s INFLIBNET 236 Student life EditFestivals and traditions Edit nbsp Swatantra Bhawan Hall of Independence is the university auditorium with seating capacity of 2 000 237 The Banaras Hindu University observes Saraswati puja day also known as Vasant Panchami as its foundation day 238 239 Goddess Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge music arts wisdom and nature She is also the revered mascot of the university and is a part of the university seal 240 241 There is an intra university fest Spandan where students represent their faculty institute in various art competitions such as literature essay writing poems debates painting sketches vocal music dancing singing drama and mimicry It is held every year after Vasant Panchami in the month of February or March 242 Apart from Spandan each faculty and institute have their own in house annual festivals for instance Aakanksha is the annual festival of Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University 243 244 245 The university anthem Banaras Hindu University Kulgeet is sung in chorus before the convocation 246 247 or any other official event begins 248 Apart from the three national day festivals 249 250 251 the following festivals are celebrated at an official level in the university nbsp BHU Foundation Day Ceremony in 1916 252 Major Festivals at the Banaras Hindu University Name of Faculty Institute College Name of the Festival Dates ReferencesBanaras Hindu University Foundation Day On Vasant Panchami 253 254 255 256 Banaras Hindu University Spandan Intra university festival and competition February March 257 258 259 Indian Institute of Technology BHU Kashiyatra January 260 261 262 Institute of Science BHU Aakanksha February March 263 264 265 Institute of Agricultural Sciences BHU Srishti February March 266 267 268 Institute of Medical Sciences BHU Elixir February March 269 270 271 Institute of Management Studies BHU Unnayan February March 272 273 274 Faculty of Arts BHU Sanskriti February March 275 276 277 Faculty of Social Sciences BHU Abhikalpan February March 278 279 280 Law School BHU Srijan December or February March 281 282 283 DAV PG College BHU Udaan June July 284 285 286 Banaras Hindu University Malviya Jayanti December 287 288 Some other festivals celebrated in the Banaras Hindu University at a non official students level include Holi Milan Samaroh transl Holi Meeting Event is celebrated each year outside Vishwanath Temple 289 290 291 Janmashtami celebrations are held each year Jhaanki Tableaus are prepared by students celebrating the birth of Lord Krishna 292 293 294 Diwali Mahotsav transl Diwali Celebrations are held each year during which students light up the campus hostels etc with diyas 295 296 Guru Nanak Jayanti Dev Deepawali etc are also celebrated by students 297 298 Convocation Dress Edit nbsp Convocation attendees in university academic costumeAcademic costume is mandatory for university convocation The university s academic costume is White Saree with red border and red blouse for females and White Kurta with Dhoti or Pyjama for male students Both academic costumes include Safa and Uttariya 299 300 BHU was the first prominent university in India to ditch Western convocation dress for Indian traditional convocation dress which led to students at other universities demanding the same 301 and eventually other universities following suit 302 303 Clubs and societies Edit BHU has university level Mountaineering Centre 304 305 and University Sports Board 306 307 Other interest specific clubs 308 309 and societies exist at faculty institute and college level like FSS Connect 310 which is a consortium of all societies and clubs at the Faculty of Social Sciences In 2022 BHU Connect was introduced which is a platform that acts as a consortium for different institutes clubs and societies as well as act as an umbrella for students run unit to manage clubs events and ensure help to aspirants and freshers at the Banaras Hindu University 311 Awards and medals Edit nbsp BHU MedalMedals and prizes are awarded at faculty as well as university level Each faculty and institute have several in house awards and medals 312 Some of the university level medals include The BHU Chancellor s Medal is given to the student securing highest CGPA in the university 313 312 The BHU Medal is given to students who secure the first position in their respective courses e g B Com 314 312 Late Maharaja Vibhuti Narain Singh Gold Medal is given to the student securing the highest CGPA in the university 315 316 Ex President of India Dr Shanker Dayal Sharma Gold Medal is awarded to the student exhibiting best character academic excellence outstanding co curricular extra curricular and social services in the university 317 318 Bhagwandas Thakurdas Chandwani Gold Medal is given to the student standing first in MBBS at the IMS BHU 319 312 The Wagle Gold Medal is given to the student standing first in M A Economics 320 312 Student unions and protests Edit See also Banaras Hindu University Students Union Banaras Hindu University does not have an active political student union but an administrative student council called the Banaras Hindu University Students Council to represent and safeguard the interests of the students 321 322 Despite no elections student wings of major political parties have an active presence on the campus 323 324 Organized and unorganized protests are held often in the campus due to the vast majority of students 325 326 The most prominent protest in the last few years have been the Banaras Hindu University women s rights protest 327 Gallery of notable alumni and faculty EditMain articles List of Banaras Hindu University people and List of Vice Chancellors of Banaras Hindu UniversityAlumni and faculty of the Banaras Hindu University called BHUians and मह मन क म नस प त र प त र 328 329 transl Soulful Sons Daughters of Mahamana have gained prominence in India and across the world in almost all fields of arts science and social work Two former Presidents of India Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and A P J Abdul Kalam have worked and taught at the university Other famous administrators include Sunder Lal 330 K L Shrimali 331 and Moti Lal Dhar 332 Past and present administrators visiting faculty and faculty nbsp S Radhakrishnan 333 nbsp CV Raman 334 nbsp APJ Abdul Kalam 335 nbsp Girija Devi 336 nbsp Sucheta Kripalani 337 nbsp N Rajam 338 nbsp B C Nirmal 339 nbsp Adya Prasad Pandey 340 nbsp S R Ranganathan 341 nbsp Ramchandra Shukla 342 nbsp Omkarnath Thakur 343 nbsp Prem Saran Satsangi 344 nbsp Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar 345 nbsp Patcha Ramachandra Rao 346 nbsp Birbal Sahni 347 Alumni include nbsp Ashok Agarwal 348 nbsp Harivansh Rai Bachchan 349 nbsp Harkishan Singh nbsp Bindeshwar Pathak 350 nbsp Bhupen Hazarika nbsp Krishan Kant nbsp Raj Narain nbsp T V Ramakrishnan nbsp Kamanio Chattopadhyay 351 nbsp Tapan Singhel nbsp Shyam Sunder Surolia nbsp Robert M Pirsig nbsp Koenraad Elst nbsp Kota Harinarayana 352 nbsp Mannu Bhandari 353 See also Edit nbsp India portal nbsp Education portalList of universities in India List of educational institutions in VaranasiReferences Edit Archived copy PDF Archived PDF from the original on 7 April 2023 Retrieved 7 April 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Banaras Hindu University Varanasi www bhu ac in Archived from the original on 30 October 2019 Retrieved 4 November 2019 Banaras university Twitter twitter com Archived from the original on 7 January 2022 Retrieved 7 January 2022 a b c d e University www ugc ac in Archived from the original on 26 June 2020 Retrieved 10 February 2020 Banaras Hindu University PDF bhu ac in Archived from the original on 12 November 2021 Retrieved 12 November 2021 Van der Linden B 2022 Hindu Nationalism and North Indian Music in the Global Age In Ahmad I Kang J eds The National Form in the Global Age Springer Nature ISBN 978 3 030 85580 2 While ustads were thus more or less marginalized at Lucknow s Marris College AIR and Paluskar s schools they were as expected expelled entirely from Benares Hindu University BHU Formerly known as Central Hindu College BHU had been a centre for dissemination of Hindu nationalist ideas since its foundation in 1916 The Theosophist Annie Besant who was actually the President of Indian National Congress in 1917 1918 had established Central Hindu College in 1898 and for a long time it was closely linked with the Theosophical movement Theosophists generally played an important role in the making of Indian nationalism especially because they propagated the spirituality of the Hindu and Buddhist traditions as superior to Western materialistic civilization Jaffe Richard M 2019 Seeking Sakyamuni South Asia in the Formation of Modern Japanese Buddhism University of Chicago Press ISBN 978 0 226 39114 4 In Benares Kawaguchi took up residence in the faculty residence hall at Central Hindu College later Banares Hindu University while studying Sanskrit there as well as at the Government Sanskrit College a k a Benares Sanskrit College founded in 1791 p 84 Annie Besant and her Theosophical Society associates founded Central Hindu College in 1898 as part of her broader efforts to build a higher education system in India that honored Indian traditions Cultivating the rising tide of nationalism Besant argued that government run schools were denigrating Indian language religion and literature turning Indians against their glorious culture In order to preserve the sanatana Dharma eternal Dharma which was understood as orthodox Hinduism Besant garnered the support of many wealthy Indians including the Maharaja of Benares who augmented the original property holdings with additional land and buildings At the time of the college s inception each day began with a Hindu prayer segregation of students by caste was honored and religious education in nonsectarian Hinduism as portrayed in the school textbook Sanatana Dharma was emphasized The founders concession to modern education was including instruction in science and other subjects that were in tune with the times p 87 Jaffe Richard M 2019 Seeking Sakyamuni South Asia in the Formation of Modern Japanese Buddhism University of Chicago Press ISBN 978 0 226 39114 4 Over the course of Kawaguchi s seven years in Benares particularly as Annie Besant became enmeshed in the founding of the Order of the Rising Sun later Order of the Star in East which was centered on Jiddu Krishnamurti as the world messiah Indian supporters sought to wrest control of the college from the Theosophists fearing that Hindu education was being infused with a Theosophically tinged version of Christianity By 1911 Madan Mohan Malaviya 1861 1946 and others promoting Hindu education were putting plans in place to forge a university that would train teachers of religion for the preservation and promotion of the Sanatan Dharma which is inculcated by the Srutis Smritis and Puranas and recognised by Varna Ashram In addition the University was to be residential students were to be admitted directly after the upanayan sacred thread ceremony and to observed the laws of Brahmacharya throughout their student career At the time of the college s thirteenth anniversary celebrations in December 1911 the Theosophists including Besant had lost control of the institution they had begun Their approach to Hindu education as expressed in Sanatana Dharma was abandoned for the more orthodox Hinduism of Malaviya and his associates who now controlled the governance of the school By 1913 as Central Hindu College merged into the new Benares Hindu University the Theosophists were left with but a nominal role in the institution s governance pp 87 88 University at Buffalo BHU sign exchange programme Rediff News 4 October 2007 Archived from the original on 25 October 2012 Retrieved 11 October 2007 Tradition meets modernity India Today 30 June 2016 Retrieved 2 May 2022 Institutions Government of India Ministry of Education 23 April 2021 Archived from the original on 23 April 2021 Retrieved 1 May 2022 Institution of Eminence BHU to invite best professors of world says VC Hindustan Times 7 September 2019 Retrieved 8 December 2022 BRICS Network University nu brics ru Archived from the original on 28 June 2020 Retrieved 28 June 2020 Asian Recorder K K Thomas at Recorder Press 1958 Sabha India Parliament Rajya 1960 Parliamentary Debates Official Report Dar S L 1966 History of the Banaras Hindu University 2007 Reprint ed Varanasi Banaras Hindu University Press pp 237 243 ISBN 8185305226 a b About the Campus Krishi Vigyan Kendra BHU Archived from the original on 18 June 2012 Retrieved 3 June 2012 Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Krishi Vigyan Kendra BHU Archived from the original on 21 May 2012 Retrieved 3 June 2012 Banaras Hindu University keen to setup its Center in Bihar IANS Biharprabha News Archived from the original on 14 April 2014 Retrieved 1 February 2014 Bhu South Campus Stores Rainwater Becomes Self reliant In Water Needs The Times of India TNN 17 March 2022 Retrieved 8 December 2022 BHU apathy How many women safety panels does varsity with 30 000 students has Zero DNA India Retrieved 8 December 2022 Submitted Institute Data for National Institute Ranking Framework Banaras Hindu University Varanasi PDF NIRF Archived from the original PDF on 3 April 2018 Retrieved 3 April 2018 Banaras Hindu University All rounder 2011 India Today indiatoday intoday in Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 Retrieved 10 November 2015 a b c d UGC Fact Sheet Archived from the original on 23 July 2018 IRMA Home Indian Institute of Technology BHU iitbhu ac in Retrieved 30 May 2022 President Pranab Mukherjee to attend centenary year celebrations at Banaras Hindu University The Economic Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2021 Retrieved 10 December 2021 IIT BHU floats mega plans for 100 year celebrations The Times of India 29 September 2015 Archived from the original on 23 September 2021 Retrieved 21 September 2021 Tradition meets modernity India Today 30 June 2016 Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 12 January 2022 Shekhar Shashi 25 December 2017 Mahamana A forgotten visionary mint Archived from the original on 13 January 2022 Retrieved 13 January 2022 Sharma Anurag 14 September 2023 Bhramins who refused to beg 2nd ed notionpress com ISBN 979 8 88833 370 9 a b Founder of Banaras Hindu University Mahamana Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya PDF Banarash Hindu University 2006 p 19 Archived PDF from the original on 12 April 2012 Retrieved 4 June 2012 a b Singh Rana P B Pravin S Rana 2002 Banaras Region A Spiritual and Cultural Guide 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