fbpx
Wikipedia

Mir Osman Ali Khan

March 28, 2023

Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII GCSI GBE (5[3] or 6 April 1886 – 24 February 1967),[5] was the last Nizam[6] (ruler) of the Princely State of Hyderabad, the largest princely state in British India. He ascended the throne on 29 August 1911, at the age of 25[7] and ruled the Kingdom of Hyderabad between 1911 and 1948, until India annexed it.[8] He was styled as His Exalted Highness-(H.E.H) the Nizam of Hyderabad,[9] and was widely considered as one of the world's wealthiest people of all time.[10] With some estimate placing his wealth at 2% of U.S. GDP,[10] his portrait was on the cover of Time magazine in 1937.[11] As a semi-autonomous monarch, he had his own mint, printing his own currency, the Hyderabadi rupee, and had a private treasury that was said to contain £100 million in gold and silver bullion, and a further £400 million of jewels (in 2008 terms).[10][12] The major source of his wealth was the Golconda mines, the only supplier of diamonds in the world at that time.[12][13][14] Among them was the Jacob Diamond, valued at some £50 million (in 2008 terms),[15][16][17] and used by the Nizam as a paperweight.[18]

Mir Osman Ali Khan
Mir Osman Ali Khan in 1926
7th Nizam of Hyderabad
Reign29 August 1911 –
17 September 1948
Titular: 17 September 1948 – 24 February 1967[1]
Coronation18 September 1911[2]
PredecessorMahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI
SuccessorBarkat Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VIII (titular)
Prime minister
See list
Born(1886-04-05)5 April 1886[3] or (1886-04-06)6 April 1886
Purani Haveli, Hyderabad City, Hyderabad State, British India
(now in Telangana, India)
Died24 February 1967
(aged 80)
King Kothi Palace, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
(now in Telangana, India)[not verified in body]
Burial
Judi Mosque, (opposite King Kothi Palace), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
(now in Telangana, India)
SpouseAzmathunnisa Begum (m. 1906), Iqbal Begum
IssueSee below
Urduنواب میر عثمان علی خان
HouseAsaf Jahi dynasty
FatherMahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI
MotherAzmat-uz-Zahrunnisa Begum[contradictory]
ReligionSunni Islam[4]

During his 37-year rule, electricity was introduced, and railways, roads and airports were developed. He was known as the "Architect of modern Hyderabad" and is credited with establishing many public institutions in the city of Hyderabad, including among others: Osmania University, Osmania General Hospital, State Bank of Hyderabad,[19] Begumpet Airport, and the Hyderabad High Court. Two reservoirs, Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar, were built during his reign, to prevent another great flood in the city. Nizam Sagar Dam named after the Nizam of Hyderabad. Constructed by Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII in 1923, a reservoir constructed across the Manjira River, a tributary of the Godavari River, between Achampet and BanjePally villages of the Kamareddy district in Telangana, India. It is located at about 144 km (89 mi) north-west of Hyderabad. Nizam Sagar is the oldest dam in the state of Telangana.

[20]

The Nizam had refused to accede to India after the country’s independence on 15th August, 1947. He wanted to remain an independent state or join Pakistan.[21] By then; however, his power had weakened because of the Telangana Rebellion and the rise of a radical militia known as the Razakars whom he could not put down. In 1948, the Indian Army invaded and annexed Hyderabad State, and the Nizam had to surrender. Post-independence, he became the Rajpramukh of Hyderabad State between 1950 and 1956, after which the state was partitioned and became part of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra.[22][23]

In 1951, he not only started the construction of Nizam Orthopedic hospital (now known as Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS)) and gave it to the government on a 99-year lease for a monthly rent of just Rs.1,[24] he also donated 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) of land from his personal estate to Vinobha Bhave's Bhoodan movement for re-distribution among landless farmers.[7][25]

Early life

Mir Osman Ali Khan was born 5[3] or 6 April 1886, the second son of Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI and Azmat-uz-Zahra Begum[contradictory] at Purani Haveli (also known as Masarrat Mahal palace). He was educated privately and reportedly became fluent in Urdu, Persian, Arabic and English.[26][27][3] Under Nawab Muhammad Ali Beg he received court ethics and military training.[28]

On the recommendation of the Viceroy of India, Lord Elgin in 1898, in early 1899 Sir Brian Egerton (of the Egerton family and former tutor to Maharajah of Bikaner Ganga Singh) was appointed as Mir Osman Ali Khan's English tutor for two years.[3] During this period he lived away from the principal palace. He lived on his own to avoid the atmosphere of the palace quarters under the guidance of Sir Brian and other British officials and mentors, so that he could flourish as a gentleman of the highest class. Sir Brian Egerton recorded that as a child, Mir Osman Ali Khan was magnanimous and "anxious to learn". Because of the indomitable attitude of zenana (the women) who were determined to send Mir Osman Ali Khan out of Hyderabad for further studies, he pursued them at Mayo College after consultation with the principal nobles of the Paigah family.[28][29]

Reign

 
The Nizam when he ascended the throne at 25 years of age
 
Silver coin: 1 rupee Hyderabad State, Mir Osman Ali Khan, 1913

Mir Mahboob Ali Khan the VI Nizam died on 29 August 1911 and on the same day Mir Osman Ali Khan was proclaimed Nizam VII under the supervision of Nawab Shahab Jung, a minister of Police and Public works.[30] On 18 September 1911, the crowning ceremony was officially held at the Chowmahalla Palace.

His coronation Durbar (court) included the prime minister of Hyderabad- Maharaja Kishen Pershad, Colonel Alexander Pinhey (1911–1916) British resident of Hyderabad, the Paigah, and the distinguished nobles of the state and the head of principalities under Nizam domain.[3][28][31]

The famous mines of Golconda were the major source of wealth for the Nizams,[32] with the Kingdom of Hyderabad being the only supplier of diamonds for the global market in the 18th century.[32]

Mir Osman Ali Khan acceded as the Nizam of Hyderabad upon the death of his father in 1911. The state of Hyderabad was the largest of the princely states in pre-independence India. With an area of 86,000 square miles (223,000 km2), it was roughly the size of the present-day United Kingdom. The Nizam was the highest-ranking prince in India, was one of only five princes entitled to a 21-gun salute, held the unique title of "Nizam", and titled "His Exalted Highness" and "Faithful Ally of the British Crown".[33][failed verification]

Early years (1911 to 1918)

In 1908, three years before the Nizam's coronation, the city of Hyderabad was struck by a major flood that resulted in the death of thousands. The Nizam, on the advice of Sir M. Visvesvaraya, ordered the construction of two large reservoirs—the Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar—to prevent another flood.[34]

He was given the title of "Faithful Ally of the British Crown" after World War One because of his financial contribution to the British Empire's war effort.[35] Part of the reason behind his unique title of "His Exalted Highness" and other titles was due to the huge amounts of financial help that he provided the British amounting nearly £25 million (£1,295,631,000 in 2023).[35] (For example, No. 110 Squadron RAF's original complement of Airco DH.9A aircraft were Osman Ali's gift. Each aircraft bore an inscription to that effect, and the unit became known as the "Hyderabad Squadron".)[36] He also paid for a Royal Navy vessel, the N-class destroyer, HMAS Nizam commissioned in 1940 and transferred to the Royal Australian Navy.[37]

In 1918, the Nizam issued a firman (decree) that established Osmania University, the first university to have Urdu as the language of instruction. The present campus was completed in 1934. The firman also mentioned the university's detailed mission and objectives.[38] The establishment of Osmania University was highly lauded by Nobel-Prize Laureate-Poet Rabindranath Tagore who was overjoyed to see the day when Indians are "freed from the shackles of a foreign language and our education becomes naturally accessible to all our people".[35]

Post-World War (1918 to 1939)

 
The Nizam pays homage to King George and Queen Mary at the Delhi Durbar, December 1911.

In 1919, the Nizam ordered the formation of the Executive Council of Hyderabad, presided over by Sir Sayyid Ali Imam, including eight other members, each in charge of one or more departments. The president of the Executive Council would also be the prime minister of Hyderabad.[citation needed]

The Begumpet Airport was established in the year 1930 with the eventual formation of Hyderabad Aero Club by the Nizam in 1936. Initially, the Nizam's private airways the Deccan Airways, one of the earliest airlines in British India, used it as a domestic and international airport. The terminal building was constructed in 1937.[39] The first commercial flight took off from the airport in 1946.[40]

Final years of his reign (1939 to 1948)

 
President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito meeting with the Nizam, c. 1956
 
The Nizam with the Al-Quaiti Royal Family
 
The Nizam with King Saud during his visit to Hyderabad

The Nizam arranged a matrimonial alliance with deposed caliph Abdulmejid II whereby the Nizam's first son Azam Jah would marry Princess Durrushehvar of the Ottoman Empire. It was believed that the matrimonial alliance between the Nizam and Abdulmejid II would lead to the emergence of a Muslim ruler who could be acceptable to the world powers in place of the Ottoman Sultans. After India's Independence, the Nizam attempted to declare his sovereignty over the state of Hyderabad, either as a protectorate of the British Empire or as a sovereign monarchy. However, his power weakened because of the Telangana Rebellion and the rise of the Razakars, a radical Muslim militia who wanted Hyderabad to remain under Muslim rule. In 1948, India invaded and annexed Hyderabad State, and the rule of the Nizam ended. He became the Rajpramukh and served from 26 January 1950 to 31 October 1956.[41]

Contributions to society

Educational initiatives

By donating to major educational institutions throughout India, he introduced many educational reforms during his reign. Up to 11% of his budget was spent on education.[42] Schools, colleges and a Department for Translation were set up. Primary education was made compulsory and provided free for the poor.

 
The Nizam at the inauguration of the Osmania University Arts College, c. 1937

Osmania University

See also: Osmania University

He founded the Osmania University in 1918 through a royal firman;[43] It is one of the largest universities in India. Schools, colleges and a Department for Translation were set up. [44]

Construction of major public buildings

Nearly all the major public buildings and institutions in Hyderabad city, such as the Hyderabad High Court, Jubilee Hall, Nizamia Observatory, Moazzam Jahi Market, Kachiguda Railway Station, Asafiya Library (State Central Library, Hyderabad), the Town Hall now known as the Assembly Hall, Hyderabad Museum now known as the State Museum; hospitals like Osmania General Hospital, Nizamia Hospital and many other buildings were constructed under his reign.[45][46][47] He also built the Hyderabad House in Delhi, now used for diplomatic meetings by the Government of India.[48][49]

Establishment of Hyderabad State Bank

Main article: State Bank of Hyderabad

In 1941, he started his own bank, the Hyderabad State Bank. It was later renamed State Bank of Hyderabad and merged with the State Bank of India as the state's central bank in 2017. It was established on 8 August 1941 under the Hyderabad State Bank Act. The bank managed the Osmania Sikka (Hyderabadi rupee), the currency of the state of Hyderabad. It was the only state in India which had its own currency, and the only state in British India where the ruler was allowed to issue currency. In 1953, the bank absorbed, by merger, the Mercantile Bank of Hyderabad, which Raja Pannalal Pitti had founded in 1935.[50][need quotation to verify]

In 1956, the Reserve Bank of India took over the bank as its first subsidiary and renamed it State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH). The Subsidiary Banks Act was passed in 1959. On 1 October 1959, SBH and the other banks of the princely states became subsidiaries of SBI. It merged with SBI on 31 March 2017.[51]

Flood prevention

After the Great Musi Flood of 1908, which killed an estimated 50,000 people, the Nizam constructed two lakes to prevent flooding—the Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar[20][52] named after himself, and his son Azam Jah respectively.[53]

Agricultural reforms

The Nizam founded agricultural research in the Marathwada region of Hyderabad State with the establishment of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in Parbhani. During his rule, agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centres for sorghum, cotton, and fruits existed in Parbhani. After independence, the Indian government developed this facility further and renamed Marathwada Agriculture University on 18 May 1972.[54]

Contribution to Indian aviation

India's first airport—the Begumpet Airport—was established in the 1930s with the formation of the Hyderabad Aero Club by the Nizam. Initially, it was used as a domestic and international airport by Deccan Airways Limited, the first airline in British India. The airport terminal was constructed in 1937.[55] Contribution to Indian National defence

Philanthropy

Donations towards Hindu temples

The Nizam donated Rs. 82,825 to the Yadagirigutta temple at Bhongir, Rs. 29,999 to the Sita Ramachandraswamy temple, Bhadrachalam[56] and Rs. 8,000 to the Tirupati Balaji Temple.[57]

He also donated Rs. 50,000 towards the re-construction of Sitarambagh temple located in the old city of Hyderabad,[56] and bestowed a grant of 100,000 Hyderabadi rupees towards the reconstruction of Thousand Pillar Temple.[58]

After hearing about the Golden Temple of Amritsar through Maharaja Ranjit Singh,[59][60] Mir Osman Ali Khan started providing it with yearly grants.[61][62]

Donation towards the compilation of the Holy Mahabharata

In 1932, there was a need for money for the publication of the Holy Mahabharata by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute located in Pune. A formal request was made to Mir Osman Ali Khan who granted Rs. 1000 per year for a period of 11 years.[63]

He also gave Rs 50,000 for the construction of the institute's guest house[64] which stands today as the Nizam Guest House.[65][66]

Donation in Gold to the National Defence Fund

 
The Nizam with the then Prime minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri

In October 1965, during the Sino-Indian War, the PM Lal Bahadur Shastri visited Hyderabad and requested the Nizam to contribute to the National Defence Fund, set up in the wake of the Indo-Chinese skirmish.[67][68] In response, the Nizam donated five tonnes (5,000kg) of gold to the Indian army. In terms of today’s gold price in the international market, this donation translates to a whopping Rs 1,500 crore.[69][70][71]

Donations to educational institutions

The Nizam donated Rs 1 million for the Banaras Hindu University,[72][73] Rs. 500,000 for the Aligarh Muslim University,[74] and 300,000 for the Indian Institute of Science.[72]

He also made large donations to many institutions in India and abroad with special emphasis given to educational institutions such as the Jamia Nizamia and the Darul Uloom Deoband.[75][76]

Restoration of Ajanta Ellora caves

During the early 1920s, the Ajanta site was in the territory of the princely state of the Hyderabad[77] and Osman Ali Khan (the Nizam of Hyderabad) appointed experts to restore the artwork, converted the site into a museum and built a road to enable tourists come to the site.[77][78]

The Nizam's Director of Archaeology obtained the services of two experts from Italy, Professor Lorenzo Cecconi, assisted by Count Orsini, to restore the paintings in the caves. The Director of Archaeology for the last Nizam of Hyderabad said of the work of Cecconi and Orsini:

The repairs to the caves and the cleaning and conservation of the frescoes have been carried out on such sound principles and in such a scientific manner that these matchless monuments have found a fresh lease of life for at least a couple of centuries.[79]

Operation Polo and abdication

 
(From left to right): Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the Nizam and Major General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri after Hyderabad's accession to India
See also: Operation Polo

After Indian independence in 1947, the country was partitioned into India and Pakistan. The princely states were left free to make whatever arrangement they wished with either India or Pakistan. The Nizam ruled over more than 16 million people and 82,698 square miles (214,190 km2) of territory when the British withdrew from the sub-continent in 1947.[80] But unlike the other princely states, Nizam refused to sign the instrument of accession. Instead he opted to sign a 1-year standstill agreement agreed upon by the British, and signed by then viceroy Lord Mountbatten.[81] The Nizam refused to join either India or Pakistan, preferring to form a separate independent kingdom within the British Commonwealth of Nations.[80]

This proposal for independence was rejected by the British government, but the Nizam continued to explore it. Towards this end, he kept up open negotiations with the Government of India regarding the modalities of a future relationship while opening covert negotiations with Pakistan in a similar vein. The Nizam cited the Razakars as evidence that the people of the state were opposed to any agreement with India.[citation needed]

The one year standstill agreement turned out to be a severe blow to the Nizam as it gave all foreign affairs, communication and defense power to the Indian government. The new Indian government wasn't happy that a sovereign state would exist right at the center of India.[82] In accordance to this, they ultimately decided to invade Hyderabad in 1948, in an operation code-named Operation Polo. Under the supervision of Major General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri, one division of the Indian Army and a tank brigade invaded and captured Hyderabad.[83] The annexation was over in just 109 hours or roughly 4 days. Due to no foreign connections and no real defense the war was a losing cause for Hyderabad from the start. After the annexation the territory came under Indian rule and Nizam was removed from his position but allowed to keep all personal wealth and title.[84]

Wealth

See also: Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad

The Nizam was so wealthy that he was portrayed on the cover of Time magazine on 22 February 1937, being described as the world's richest man.[85] At its peak, the wealth of Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII was worth ₹660 crore (US$83 million) (all his conceivable assets combined) in the early 1940s, while his entire treasure of jewels, would be worth between US$150 million and US$500 million variously in today's terms.[86][87][88][89] He used the Jacob Diamond, a 185-carat diamond that is part of the Nizam's jewellery, as a paperweight.[90] During his days as Nizam, he was reputed to be the richest man in the world, having a fortune estimated at US$2 billion in the early 1940s[91] ( US$33.2 billion in 2021 dollars)[92] or two per cent of the US economy then.[93]

The Nizam's personal fortune was estimated to be roughly £110 million, including £40 million in gold and jewels (equivalent to £2,265,847,176 in 2021)[94].[95][96]

The Indian government still exhibits the jewellery as the Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad (now in Delhi). There are 173 jewels, which include emeralds weighing nearly 2,000 carats (0.40 kg), and pearls exceeding 40 thousand chows. The collection includes gemstones, turban ornaments, necklaces and pendants, belts and buckles, earrings, armbands, bangles and bracelets, anklets, cufflinks and buttons, watch chains, and rings, toe rings, and nose rings.[97]

Along with the Nizam’s jewels, two Bari gold coins worth hundreds of crores, were considered the rarest in the world. Himayat Ali Mirza has requested the central government to bring these coins, which were made in the Arabic script should be brought back to Hyderabad.[98]

Gift to Queen Elizabeth II

In 1947, the Nizam made a gift of diamond jewels, including a tiara and necklace, to the future Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her marriage. The brooches and necklace were still worn by the Queen until her death and the necklace is known as the Nizam of Hyderabad necklace.[99]

Personal life

 
The Nizam with his heir apparent and grandson Mukarram Jah

The Nizam lived at King Kothi Palace—bought from a nobleman(Kamal Khan an architect of those times)—from age 13 until his death. He never moved to Chowmahalla Palace, even after his accession to the throne.[100]

Unlike his father, he was not interested in fine clothing or hunting. His hobbies rather included poetry and writing ghazals in Urdu.[101]

He revered his mother and visited her every day she was alive; he used to visit her grave almost every day after she died.[102]

Family

On 14 April 1906, at the age of 21, he first married Azam Unnisa Begum (Dulhan Pasha Begum), a daughter of the noble Nawab Jahangir Jung.[3][103] His first son Azam Jah married Durru Shehvar, (daughter of the Ottoman caliph Abdul Mejid II), while his second son Moazzam Jah married Niloufer, (a niece of the Ottoman sultan).[104][105]

Azam Jah and Durru Shehvar had two sons, Mukarram Jah and Muffakham Jah, with the former succeeding his grandfather as the de jure Nizam.[104]

The 7th Nizam in total, had 34 children: 18 sons and 16 daughters.[106][107][108][109][110][111]from his 8 wives[112][113][114][115][116]

His second son HH Moazzam Jah had three wives[citation needed] first being princess Nilofer. Since princess Niloufer couldn't bear a child, Moazzam Jah married Razia Begum and had three daughters - princess Fatima Fouzia, princess Amina Merzia and princess Oolia Kulsum. Prince Moazzam Jah also married Anwari Begum and had a son prince Shahmat Jah.[117]

Another socially prominent grandson is Mir Najaf Ali Khan,[118][119][120] who represents several trusts of the last Nizam, including the H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust and the Nizam Family Welfare Association.[119]

Lately, Nizam's name was being used by various parties for political gains. Another great grandson, Himayat Ali Mirza wrote to prime minister in this regard along with Election Commission of India, requesting political parties not to use Nizam's name in today's politics as it is both disrespectful to such a great personality.[35][121]

The Nizams' daughters had been married traditionally to young men of the House of Paigah. This family belonged to the Sunni sect.[122]

Final years and death

The Nizam continued to stay at the King Kothi Palace until his death. He used to issue firmans on inconsequential matters in his newspaper, the Nizam Gazette.[100]

He died on Friday, 24 February 1967. In his will, he asked to buried in Masjid-e Judi, a mosque where his mother was buried, that faced King Kothi Palace.[123][124] The government declared state mourning on 25 February 1967, the day when he was buried. State government offices remained closed as a mark of respect while the National Flag of India was flown at half-mast on all the government buildings throughout the state.[125] The Nizam Museum documents state :

"The streets and pavements of the city were littered with the pieces of broken glass bangles as an incalculable number of women broke their bangles in mourning, which Telangana women usually do as per Indian customs on the death of a close relative."[126]

"The Nizam's funeral procession was the biggest non-religious, non-political meeting of people in the history of India till that date."

Millions of people of all religions from different parts of the state entered Hyderabad in trains, buses and bullocks for a last glimpse of their king in a coffin in the King Kothi Palace Camp in Hyderabad.[127] The crowd was so uncontrollable that barricades were installed alongside the road to enable people to move in a queue.[128] D. Bhaskara Rao, chief curator, of the Nizam's Museum stated that an estimated one million (1 million) people were part of the procession.[129]

Title and salutation

Salutation style

The Nizam was the honorary Colonel of the 20 Deccan Horse. In 1918, King George V elevated Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur from "His Highness" to "His Exalted Highness". In a letter dated 24 January 1918, the title "Faithful Ally of the British Government' was conferred on him.[130][better source needed]

Full Titular Name

The titles during his life were:

1886–1911: Nawab Bahadur Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi.
[130] 1911–1912: His Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI
[130] 1912–1917: Colonel His Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI
[130] 1917–1918: Colonel His Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI, GBE
[130] 1918–1936: Lieutenant-General His Exalted Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Faithful Ally of the British Government, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI, GBE
[130] 1936–1941: Lieutenant-General His Exalted Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Faithful Ally of the British Government, Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar, GCSI, GBE
[130] 1941–1967: General His Exalted Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Faithful Ally of the British Government, Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar, GCSI, GBE.[130][131]

Honours and Eponyms

List of Eponyms

See also

References

  1. ^ Ali, Mir Quadir (17 September 2019). "Hyderabad's tryst with history". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 18 November 2020. The question now is: What exactly happened on September 17, 1948? [...] The Nizam's radio broadcast meant the lifting of the house arrest of Government of India's Agent General K.M. Munshi, allowing him to work on a new government, with the Nizam as Head of State.
  2. ^ Benjamin B. Cohen, Kingship and Colonialism in India's Deccan, 1850–1948 (Macmillan, 2007) p81[need quotation to verify]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Jaganath, Santosh (2013). The History of Nizam's Railways System. Laxmi Book Publication. p. 44. ISBN 9781312496477. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  4. ^ "No parallel to Hyderabad's Muharram procession in India". News18. news18. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  5. ^ "Here are five super-rich people from the pages of history!". The Economic Times. 1 May 2015.
  6. ^ "Family of Indian royals wins £35m court battle against Pakistan". BBC News. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  7. ^ a b ":: The Seventh Nizam - The Nizam's Museum Hyderabad, Telangana, India". thenizamsmuseum.com. from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  8. ^ . 16 September 2018. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  9. ^ . Time. 22 February 1937. Archived from the original on 24 May 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
  10. ^ a b c Zupan, M.A. (2017). Inside Job: How Government Insiders Subvert the Public Interest. Inside Job: How Government Insiders Subvert the Public Interest. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–115. ISBN 978-1-107-15373-8. LCCN 2016044124.
  11. ^ . Time. Archived from the original on 6 March 2005.
  12. ^ a b Jhala, A.D. (2015). Royal Patronage, Power and Aesthetics in Princely India. Empires in Perspective. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-31656-5.
  13. ^ "Globalisation of Golconda".
  14. ^ "Making money the royal way!". Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  15. ^ McCaffrey, Julie (3 February 2012). "Exclusive: The last Nizam of Hyderabad was so rich he had a £50 million diamond paperweight". Mirror.co.uk. London.
  16. ^ Bedi, Rahul (12 April 2008). "India finally settles £1million Nizam dispute". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  17. ^ . 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009.
  18. ^ Shah, Tahir. "Alan the Red, the Brit who makes Bill Gates a pauper." Times Online. The Sunday Times. 7 October 2007. Web. 19 9ay 2010.
  19. ^ Pagdi, Raghavendra Rao (1987) Short History of Banking in Hyderabad District, 1879-1950. In M. Radhakrishna Sarma, K.D. Abhyankar, and V.G. Bilolikar, eds. History of Hyderabad District, 1879-1950AD (Yugabda 4981-5052). (Hyderabad : Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti), Vol. 2, pp.85-87.
  20. ^ a b "Nature Discovery in Telangana :: Telangana Tourism". telanganatourism.gov. from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  21. ^ "Why wealth of Hyderabad Nizam's heirs depends on Pakistan". NDTV.com. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  22. ^ . pib.nic.in. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  23. ^ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Gulbarga. Director of Printing, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1966. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  24. ^ "The Last Nizam who put Hyderabad on global map". from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  25. ^ Sunil, Mungara (4 September 2016). "Much of Bhoodan land found to be under encroachment in city | Hyderabad News". The Times of India. TNN / Updated.
  26. ^ IFTHEKHAR, J. S. (13 February 2012). "Nizam's generous side and love for books". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  27. ^ "Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society". Pakistan Historical Society. the University of Michigan. 46: 3–4(104). 1998. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  28. ^ a b c "Chapter II" (PDF). Shodh Ganga-Indian Electronic Thesises and Dissertations. p. 56. (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  29. ^ Keen, Caroline (2003). The power behind the throne: Relations between the British and the Indian states 1870-1909 (PDF) (PhD thesis). SOAS University of London. pp. 84–86. (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020.
  30. ^ "Delhi Durbar of 1911: All you wanted to know !". The Heritage Lab. 17 December 2020.
  31. ^ T, Uma (April 2003). "1". Accession of Hyderabad state to the Indian union: a study of the political and pressure groups (1945-1948) (PhD thesis). Department of History, School of Social Sciences, University of Hyderabad. p. 20. hdl:10603/1882. from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2020 – via Shodh Ganga-Indian Electronic Thesises and Dissertations.
  32. ^ a b "Celebrating the Nizam's fabled golconda diamonds". Economic Times Blog. 23 February 2019. from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  33. ^ "'His Exalted Highness' to be staged today". The Hindu. 14 March 2007. from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  34. ^ Law 1914, p. 85-92.
  35. ^ a b c d Zompa, Tenzin (6 April 2021). "Mir Osman Ali Khan, Hyderabad Nizam who wore cotton pyjamas & used a diamond as paper weight". ThePrint. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  36. ^ . raf.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  37. ^ "HMAS Nizam". Royal Australian Navy. from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  38. ^ "Osmania University". osmania.ac.in. from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  39. ^ . Archived from the original on 21 December 2005.
  40. ^ . Archived from the original on 19 October 2021.
  41. ^ "Fact Check: The Nizam of Hyderabad never fled Hyderabad". India Today. 29 January 2019. from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  42. ^ . The Siasat Daily - Archive. 13 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  43. ^ "Osmania University". osmania.ac.in. from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  44. ^ . Osmania.ac.in. 26 April 1917. Archived from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  45. ^ Lasania, Yunus Y. (26 April 2017). "100 years of Osmania University, the hub of Telangana agitation". Mint. from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  46. ^ . The News Minute. 24 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  47. ^ "Kacheguda station scripts 100 years of history". The Hans India. 3 June 2016. from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  48. ^ Nayar, K.P. (18 July 2011). . The Telegraph. Kolkota. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  49. ^ Sharma, Manoj (8 June 2011). . Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  50. ^ Pagdi, Raghavendra Rao (1987) Short History of Banking in Hyderabad District, 1879–1950. In M. Radhakrishna Sarma, K.D. Abhyankar, and V.G. Bilolikar, eds. History of Hyderabad District, 1879-1950AD (Yugabda 4981–5052). (Hyderabad : Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti), Vol. 2, pp.85–87.
  51. ^ Sridhar, G. Naga (8 April 2014). "Ethnic flavour: SBH to be chief banker to new Telangana state". BusinessLine. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  52. ^ "Gandipet's Osman Sagar Lake, Hyderabad". exploretelangana.com. 24 August 2013. from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  53. ^ . exploretelangana.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  54. ^ . mkv. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  55. ^ Venkateshwarlu, K. (26 May 2001). "A tome on the aviation history of the Deccan". The Hindu. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  56. ^ a b "A 'miser' who donated generously". 20 September 2010. from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  57. ^ . 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  58. ^ "Attempt to portray Nizam as 'intolerant oppressor' decried". Gulf News. from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  59. ^ . Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  60. ^ "A Brief History of The Nizams of Hyderabad". from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  61. ^ Jaganath, Dr Santosh. The History of Nizam's Railways System. ISBN 9781312496477. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  62. ^ Morgan, Diane (2007). From Satan's Crown to the Holy Grail: Emeralds in Myth, Magic, and History. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275991234. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  63. ^ . 18 August 2016. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  64. ^ "Nizam's Guest House, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune". from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  65. ^ "Reminiscing the seventh Nizam's enormous contribution to education". telanganatoday. 27 March 2017. from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  66. ^ "Over Year On, Bori's Historic Nizam Guest House Still Awaits Reopening". 14 November 2011. from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  67. ^ Bureau, Our (12 September 2014). "When the miserly Nizam became munificent". www.thehansindia.com.
  68. ^ "When Osman Ali Khan donated 5 tonnes of gold to Govt. of India". from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  69. ^ Nanisetti, Serish (11 November 2018). "The truth about the Nizam and his gold". The Hindu.
  70. ^ Elliot, Sir Henry Miers (1849). Bibliographical Index to the Historians of Muhammedan India. J. Thomas.
  71. ^ Hashmi, Syed Ali (2017). Hyderabad 1948 : an avoidable invasion. New Delhi. ISBN 9788172210793. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  72. ^ a b . missiontelangana. 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  73. ^ . siasat. 10 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  74. ^ . 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  75. ^ "Mir Osman Ali Khan: Richest Indian to ever exist in documented history". The Siasat Daily - Archive. 30 March 2018. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  76. ^ "NISAB AHLE KHIDMAT-E-SHARIA(Syllabus for Observers of Islamic Law)" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  77. ^ a b Cohen, Richard S. (2006). Beyond Enlightenment: Buddhism, Religion, Modernity. Routledge. pp. 51–58. ISBN 978-1-134-19205-2.
  78. ^ Jain, Madhu. "Cave paintings of Ajanta and Ellora become a tragic monument to archaeological neglect post independence". India Today.
  79. ^ "Ajanta cave paintings of Nizam era lie in a state of neglect".
  80. ^ a b "Lessons to learn from Hyderabad's past". The Times of India. 15 December 2013. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  81. ^ Trumbull, Robert (23 October 1947). "BIG INDIAN STATE KEEPS SOVEREIGNTY; Hyderabad Makes Standstill Agreement With Dominion, Holding Status for Year". The New York Times.
  82. ^ Nanisetti, Serish (15 September 2018). "Accession of Hyderabad: When a battle by cables forced the Nizam's hand". The Hindu.
  83. ^ "Exclusive sunder lal report on indian armies annexation of Hyderabad and the following mass killings of muslims". 30 November 2013. from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  84. ^ Nanisetti, Serish (15 September 2018). "Accession of Hyderabad: When a battle by cables forced the Nizam's hand". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  85. ^ "Time Magazine Cover: The Nizam of Hyderabad – Feb. 22, 1937". Time. from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  86. ^ . Time. 19 January 1959. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009.
  87. ^ "Exhibition of jewels of Hyderabad Nizams includes fifth-largest diamond in world".
  88. ^ "rediff.com: Hyderabad museum to exhibit Nizam's jewels".
  89. ^ "Priceless Nizam jewels to be exhibited". The Times of India.
  90. ^ Y. Lasania, Yunus. "The last Nizam of Hyderabad was not a miser". The Hindu. from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  91. ^ . Time. 19 January 1959. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2007.
  92. ^ Foreign Commerce Weekly. Vol. 24. U.S. Department of Commerce. 1946. p. 25.
  93. ^ "Here are five super-rich people from the pages of history!". The Economic Times. 1 May 2015. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  94. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  95. ^ "Gifts of gold to help the Indian treasury". The Times. 14 December 1965.[need quotation to verify]
  96. ^ Krishnan, Usha Ramamrutham Bala; Ramamrutham, Bharath (2001). Jewels of the Nizams. Department of Culture, Government of India. ISBN 978-81-85832-15-9. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  97. ^ Methil Renuka (3 September 2001). "Exhibition of jewels of Hyderabad Nizams includes fifth-largest diamond in world". India Today. from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  98. ^ "Clipping of Sakshi Telugu Daily - Hyderabad Constituencies". epaper.sakshi.com. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  99. ^ "The Nizam of Hyderabad Rose Brooches and Necklace". From Her Majesty's Jewel Vault. 11 February 2013. from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  100. ^ a b Khalidi, Omar (2009). (PDF). p. 163. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  101. ^ "A visual ode to Mir Osman Ali Khan, the architect of modern". The Times of India. 8 April 2018. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  102. ^ ":: The Seventh Nizam - the Nizam's Museum Hyderabad, Telangana, India". from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  103. ^ Khan, Mir Ayoob Ali (23 September 2013). "Nizam paid 128 kg in gold coins as meher to first wife". The Times of India. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  104. ^ a b "Princess Dürrühsehvar of Berar". The Daily Telegraph. 11 February 2006. from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  105. ^ Leonard, Karen Isaksen (2007). Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-8047-5442-2.
  106. ^ Nanisetti, Serish (6 October 2019). "Who gets to own the Nizam's millions?". The Hindu. from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  107. ^ Webb, Philippa (2016). Robert McCorquodale; Jean-Pierre Gauci (eds.). British Influences on International Law, 1915-2015. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 162. ISBN 978-90-04-28417-3.
  108. ^ Mohla, Anika (21 October 2012). "From richest to rags in seven generations". The New Indian Express. from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  109. ^ Paran Balakrishnan (23 February 2014). . The Telegraph. Kolkota. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  110. ^ Bedi, Rahul. "India finally settles £1million Nizam dispute". The Telegraph. New Delhi. from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  111. ^ Nadeau, Barbie Latza (30 January 2017). "Whose $40 Million Diamond Is It? An Italian Family Feud". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  112. ^ Bawa, Basant K. (1992). The Last Nizam: The Life and Times of Mir Osman Ali Khan. Viking. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-670-83997-1.
  113. ^ Mir Ayoob Ali Khan (19 February 2018). "Last surviving son of Nizam, Fazal Jah, dies". from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  114. ^ "Last Surviving son of seventh Nizam passes away in Hyderabad". from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  115. ^ "Menace of Black Money: Bring back Nizam's wealth first". from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  116. ^ "Nizam's heirs seek Pakistani intervention to unfreeze bank account". India Today. 20 July 2012. from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  117. ^ Family, Nizam's Family Tree, retrieved 13 October 2021
  118. ^ "Last Hyderabad Nizam's Heirs Demand 277 Acres Royal Property in Aurangabad". NDTV.com. from the original on 11 August 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  119. ^ a b Syed Akbar (5 July 2017). "Nizam's heir goes by Blue Book, wants market rate for acquired land". The Times of India. from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  120. ^ "Nizam's grandson basks in grandpa's glory". The Hans India. 27 April 2017. from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  121. ^ Syed Akbar (1 October 2021). "Hyderabad: Don't project Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan as villain for votes, kin writes to PM | Hyderabad News". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  122. ^ a, TNN (9 April 2008). "Paigah scion Mujeeb Yar Jung dead | Hyderabad News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  123. ^ "Floarl Tribute to Nizam VII – The Siasat Daily". siasat.com. 25 February 2018. from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  124. ^ "Heritage enthusiasts pay rich tributes to seventh Nizam". The Hindu. 7 April 2018. from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  125. ^ "In pictures: 50 years ago a sea of people turned up for Death of Hyderabads Last Nizam". thenewsminute.com. 24 February 2017. from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  126. ^ . The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  127. ^ "On his 50th death anniversary, the last Nizam of Hyderabad". Hindustan Times. 24 February 2017. from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  128. ^ "Nizam's opulence has no takers". The Hans India. from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  129. ^ Syed Akbar (25 February 2017). "Mir Osman Ali Khan: Modern Hyderabad architect and statehood icon, Nizam VII fades into history". The Times of India. from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  130. ^ a b c d e f g h . The Indian Princely States Website. Archived from the original on 7 January 2003. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  131. ^ "Page 3 | The Gazette". from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  132. ^ "No. 28559". The London Gazette. 12 December 1911. p. 9357.
  133. ^ Shanker, CR Gowri (27 May 2018). "Nizam VII cared more for people than himself". Deccan Chronicle.
  134. ^ a b c d e f Cannadine, David (2002). Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515794-9. from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  135. ^ Safvi, Rana (16 February 2019). "In the Chishti shrine in Ajmer". The Hindu.

Further reading

  • The Splendour of Hyderabad: The Last Phase of an Oriental Culture (1591–1948 A.D.) By M.A. Nayeem ISBN 81-85492-20-4
  • The Nocturnal Court: The Life of a Prince of Hyderabad By Sidq Jaisi
  • Developments in Administration Under H.E.H. the Nizam VII By Shamim Aleem, M. A. Aleem Developments in Administration Under H.E.H. the Nizam VII
  • Jewels of the Nizams (Hardcover) by Usha R. Krishnan (Author) ISBN 81-85832-15-3
  • Fabulous Mogul: Nizam VII of Hyderabad By Dosoo Framjee Karaka Published 1955 D. Verschoyle, Original from the University of Michigan Fabulous Mogul: Nizam VII of Hyderabad
  • The Seventh Nizam: The Fallen Empire By Zubaida Yazdani, Mary Chrystal ISBN 0-9510819-0-X
  • The Last Nizam: The Life and Times of Mir Osman Ali Khan By V.K. Bawa, Basant K. Bawa ISBN 0-670-83997-3
  • The Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad: An Archival Appraisal By Sayyid Dā'ūd Ashraf The Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad: An Archival Appraisal
  • Raghavendra Rao, D (27 July 1926). Misrule of the Nizam: being extracts from and translations of articles regarding the administration of Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur, the Nizam of Hyderabad, Deccan. "Swarajya" Press. OCLC 5067242.
  • Photographs of Lord Willingdon's visit to Hyderabad in the early 1930s. 27 July 1931. OCLC 33453066.
  • Law, John (1914). Modern Hyderabad (Deccan). Thacker, Spink and Co.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Asaf Jah VII.
  • "The Nizam often used to call Muslims and the Hindus as his two eyes" in Siasat
  • The Nizam of Hyderabad on the cover of Time
Mir Osman Ali Khan
Born: 8 April 1886 Died: 24 February 1967
Regnal titles
Preceded by Nizam of Hyderabad
1911–1948 		Annexed by Dominion of India
Titles in pretence
New title — TITULAR —
Nizam of Hyderabad
1948–1967 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Hyderabad
1914–1919 		Succeeded by
Sir Sayyid Ali Imam

March 28, 2023
osman, khan, asaf, gcsi, april, 1886, february, 1967, last, nizam, ruler, princely, state, hyderabad, largest, princely, state, british, india, ascended, throne, august, 1911, ruled, kingdom, hyderabad, between, 1911, 1948, until, india, annexed, styled, exalt. Mir Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII GCSI GBE 5 3 or 6 April 1886 24 February 1967 5 was the last Nizam 6 ruler of the Princely State of Hyderabad the largest princely state in British India He ascended the throne on 29 August 1911 at the age of 25 7 and ruled the Kingdom of Hyderabad between 1911 and 1948 until India annexed it 8 He was styled as His Exalted Highness H E H the Nizam of Hyderabad 9 and was widely considered as one of the world s wealthiest people of all time 10 With some estimate placing his wealth at 2 of U S GDP 10 his portrait was on the cover of Time magazine in 1937 11 As a semi autonomous monarch he had his own mint printing his own currency the Hyderabadi rupee and had a private treasury that was said to contain 100 million in gold and silver bullion and a further 400 million of jewels in 2008 terms 10 12 The major source of his wealth was the Golconda mines the only supplier of diamonds in the world at that time 12 13 14 Among them was the Jacob Diamond valued at some 50 million in 2008 terms 15 16 17 and used by the Nizam as a paperweight 18 Mir Osman Ali KhanMir Osman Ali Khan in 19267th Nizam of HyderabadReign29 August 1911 17 September 1948Titular 17 September 1948 24 February 1967 1 Coronation18 September 1911 2 PredecessorMahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VISuccessorBarkat Ali Khan Asaf Jah VIII titular Prime ministerSee list Kishen PershadSalar Jung IIISayyid Ali ImamFaridoon ul MulkWali ud DaulaAkbar HydariNawab of ChhatariMirza Muhammad IsmailNawab of ChhatariMir Laiq AliBorn 1886 04 05 5 April 1886 3 or 1886 04 06 6 April 1886Purani Haveli Hyderabad City Hyderabad State British India now in Telangana India Died24 February 1967 aged 80 King Kothi Palace Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India now in Telangana India not verified in body BurialJudi Mosque opposite King Kothi Palace Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India now in Telangana India SpouseAzmathunnisa Begum m 1906 Iqbal BegumIssueSee belowUrduنواب میر عثمان علی خانHouseAsaf Jahi dynastyFatherMahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VIMotherAzmat uz Zahrunnisa Begum contradictory ReligionSunni Islam 4 During his 37 year rule electricity was introduced and railways roads and airports were developed He was known as the Architect of modern Hyderabad and is credited with establishing many public institutions in the city of Hyderabad including among others Osmania University Osmania General Hospital State Bank of Hyderabad 19 Begumpet Airport and the Hyderabad High Court Two reservoirs Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar were built during his reign to prevent another great flood in the city Nizam Sagar Dam named after the Nizam of Hyderabad Constructed by Mir Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII in 1923 a reservoir constructed across the Manjira River a tributary of the Godavari River between Achampet and BanjePally villages of the Kamareddy district in Telangana India It is located at about 144 km 89 mi north west of Hyderabad Nizam Sagar is the oldest dam in the state of Telangana 20 The Nizam had refused to accede to India after the country s independence on 15th August 1947 He wanted to remain an independent state or join Pakistan 21 By then however his power had weakened because of the Telangana Rebellion and the rise of a radical militia known as the Razakars whom he could not put down In 1948 the Indian Army invaded and annexed Hyderabad State and the Nizam had to surrender Post independence he became the Rajpramukh of Hyderabad State between 1950 and 1956 after which the state was partitioned and became part of Andhra Pradesh Karnataka and Maharashtra 22 23 In 1951 he not only started the construction of Nizam Orthopedic hospital now known as Nizam s Institute of Medical Sciences NIMS and gave it to the government on a 99 year lease for a monthly rent of just Rs 1 24 he also donated 14 000 acres 5 700 ha of land from his personal estate to Vinobha Bhave s Bhoodan movement for re distribution among landless farmers 7 25 Contents 1 Early life 2 Reign 2 1 Early years 1911 to 1918 2 2 Post World War 1918 to 1939 2 3 Final years of his reign 1939 to 1948 3 Contributions to society 3 1 Educational initiatives 3 1 1 Osmania University 3 2 Construction of major public buildings 3 3 Establishment of Hyderabad State Bank 3 4 Flood prevention 3 5 Agricultural reforms 3 6 Contribution to Indian aviation 4 Philanthropy 4 1 Donations towards Hindu temples 4 2 Donation towards the compilation of the Holy Mahabharata 4 3 Donation in Gold to the National Defence Fund 4 4 Donations to educational institutions 4 5 Restoration of Ajanta Ellora caves 5 Operation Polo and abdication 6 Wealth 6 1 Gift to Queen Elizabeth II 7 Personal life 7 1 Family 8 Final years and death 9 Title and salutation 9 1 Salutation style 9 2 Full Titular Name 10 Honours and Eponyms 10 1 List of Eponyms 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksEarly life EditMir Osman Ali Khan was born 5 3 or 6 April 1886 the second son of Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI and Azmat uz Zahra Begum contradictory at Purani Haveli also known as Masarrat Mahal palace He was educated privately and reportedly became fluent in Urdu Persian Arabic and English 26 27 3 Under Nawab Muhammad Ali Beg he received court ethics and military training 28 On the recommendation of the Viceroy of India Lord Elgin in 1898 in early 1899 Sir Brian Egerton of the Egerton family and former tutor to Maharajah of Bikaner Ganga Singh was appointed as Mir Osman Ali Khan s English tutor for two years 3 During this period he lived away from the principal palace He lived on his own to avoid the atmosphere of the palace quarters under the guidance of Sir Brian and other British officials and mentors so that he could flourish as a gentleman of the highest class Sir Brian Egerton recorded that as a child Mir Osman Ali Khan was magnanimous and anxious to learn Because of the indomitable attitude of zenana the women who were determined to send Mir Osman Ali Khan out of Hyderabad for further studies he pursued them at Mayo College after consultation with the principal nobles of the Paigah family 28 29 Reign Edit The Nizam when he ascended the throne at 25 years of age Silver coin 1 rupee Hyderabad State Mir Osman Ali Khan 1913 Mir Mahboob Ali Khan the VI Nizam died on 29 August 1911 and on the same day Mir Osman Ali Khan was proclaimed Nizam VII under the supervision of Nawab Shahab Jung a minister of Police and Public works 30 On 18 September 1911 the crowning ceremony was officially held at the Chowmahalla Palace His coronation Durbar court included the prime minister of Hyderabad Maharaja Kishen Pershad Colonel Alexander Pinhey 1911 1916 British resident of Hyderabad the Paigah and the distinguished nobles of the state and the head of principalities under Nizam domain 3 28 31 The famous mines of Golconda were the major source of wealth for the Nizams 32 with the Kingdom of Hyderabad being the only supplier of diamonds for the global market in the 18th century 32 Mir Osman Ali Khan acceded as the Nizam of Hyderabad upon the death of his father in 1911 The state of Hyderabad was the largest of the princely states in pre independence India With an area of 86 000 square miles 223 000 km2 it was roughly the size of the present day United Kingdom The Nizam was the highest ranking prince in India was one of only five princes entitled to a 21 gun salute held the unique title of Nizam and titled His Exalted Highness and Faithful Ally of the British Crown 33 failed verification Early years 1911 to 1918 Edit In 1908 three years before the Nizam s coronation the city of Hyderabad was struck by a major flood that resulted in the death of thousands The Nizam on the advice of Sir M Visvesvaraya ordered the construction of two large reservoirs the Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar to prevent another flood 34 He was given the title of Faithful Ally of the British Crown after World War One because of his financial contribution to the British Empire s war effort 35 Part of the reason behind his unique title of His Exalted Highness and other titles was due to the huge amounts of financial help that he provided the British amounting nearly 25 million 1 295 631 000 in 2023 35 For example No 110 Squadron RAF s original complement of Airco DH 9A aircraft were Osman Ali s gift Each aircraft bore an inscription to that effect and the unit became known as the Hyderabad Squadron 36 He also paid for a Royal Navy vessel the N class destroyer HMAS Nizam commissioned in 1940 and transferred to the Royal Australian Navy 37 In 1918 the Nizam issued a firman decree that established Osmania University the first university to have Urdu as the language of instruction The present campus was completed in 1934 The firman also mentioned the university s detailed mission and objectives 38 The establishment of Osmania University was highly lauded by Nobel Prize Laureate Poet Rabindranath Tagore who was overjoyed to see the day when Indians are freed from the shackles of a foreign language and our education becomes naturally accessible to all our people 35 Post World War 1918 to 1939 Edit The Nizam pays homage to King George and Queen Mary at the Delhi Durbar December 1911 In 1919 the Nizam ordered the formation of the Executive Council of Hyderabad presided over by Sir Sayyid Ali Imam including eight other members each in charge of one or more departments The president of the Executive Council would also be the prime minister of Hyderabad citation needed The Begumpet Airport was established in the year 1930 with the eventual formation of Hyderabad Aero Club by the Nizam in 1936 Initially the Nizam s private airways the Deccan Airways one of the earliest airlines in British India used it as a domestic and international airport The terminal building was constructed in 1937 39 The first commercial flight took off from the airport in 1946 40 Final years of his reign 1939 to 1948 Edit President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito meeting with the Nizam c 1956 The Nizam with the Al Quaiti Royal Family The Nizam with King Saud during his visit to Hyderabad The Nizam arranged a matrimonial alliance with deposed caliph Abdulmejid II whereby the Nizam s first son Azam Jah would marry Princess Durrushehvar of the Ottoman Empire It was believed that the matrimonial alliance between the Nizam and Abdulmejid II would lead to the emergence of a Muslim ruler who could be acceptable to the world powers in place of the Ottoman Sultans After India s Independence the Nizam attempted to declare his sovereignty over the state of Hyderabad either as a protectorate of the British Empire or as a sovereign monarchy However his power weakened because of the Telangana Rebellion and the rise of the Razakars a radical Muslim militia who wanted Hyderabad to remain under Muslim rule In 1948 India invaded and annexed Hyderabad State and the rule of the Nizam ended He became the Rajpramukh and served from 26 January 1950 to 31 October 1956 41 Contributions to society EditEducational initiatives Edit By donating to major educational institutions throughout India he introduced many educational reforms during his reign Up to 11 of his budget was spent on education 42 Schools colleges and a Department for Translation were set up Primary education was made compulsory and provided free for the poor The Nizam at the inauguration of the Osmania University Arts College c 1937 Osmania University Edit See also Osmania University He founded the Osmania University in 1918 through a royal firman 43 It is one of the largest universities in India Schools colleges and a Department for Translation were set up 44 Construction of major public buildings Edit Nearly all the major public buildings and institutions in Hyderabad city such as the Hyderabad High Court Jubilee Hall Nizamia Observatory Moazzam Jahi Market Kachiguda Railway Station Asafiya Library State Central Library Hyderabad the Town Hall now known as the Assembly Hall Hyderabad Museum now known as the State Museum hospitals like Osmania General Hospital Nizamia Hospital and many other buildings were constructed under his reign 45 46 47 He also built the Hyderabad House in Delhi now used for diplomatic meetings by the Government of India 48 49 Establishment of Hyderabad State Bank Edit Main article State Bank of Hyderabad In 1941 he started his own bank the Hyderabad State Bank It was later renamed State Bank of Hyderabad and merged with the State Bank of India as the state s central bank in 2017 It was established on 8 August 1941 under the Hyderabad State Bank Act The bank managed the Osmania Sikka Hyderabadi rupee the currency of the state of Hyderabad It was the only state in India which had its own currency and the only state in British India where the ruler was allowed to issue currency In 1953 the bank absorbed by merger the Mercantile Bank of Hyderabad which Raja Pannalal Pitti had founded in 1935 50 need quotation to verify In 1956 the Reserve Bank of India took over the bank as its first subsidiary and renamed it State Bank of Hyderabad SBH The Subsidiary Banks Act was passed in 1959 On 1 October 1959 SBH and the other banks of the princely states became subsidiaries of SBI It merged with SBI on 31 March 2017 51 Flood prevention Edit After the Great Musi Flood of 1908 which killed an estimated 50 000 people the Nizam constructed two lakes to prevent flooding the Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar 20 52 named after himself and his son Azam Jah respectively 53 Agricultural reforms Edit The Nizam founded agricultural research in the Marathwada region of Hyderabad State with the establishment of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in Parbhani During his rule agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad crop research centres for sorghum cotton and fruits existed in Parbhani After independence the Indian government developed this facility further and renamed Marathwada Agriculture University on 18 May 1972 54 Contribution to Indian aviation Edit India s first airport the Begumpet Airport was established in the 1930s with the formation of the Hyderabad Aero Club by the Nizam Initially it was used as a domestic and international airport by Deccan Airways Limited the first airline in British India The airport terminal was constructed in 1937 55 Contribution to Indian National defencePhilanthropy EditDonations towards Hindu temples Edit The Nizam donated Rs 82 825 to the Yadagirigutta temple at Bhongir Rs 29 999 to the Sita Ramachandraswamy temple Bhadrachalam 56 and Rs 8 000 to the Tirupati Balaji Temple 57 He also donated Rs 50 000 towards the re construction of Sitarambagh temple located in the old city of Hyderabad 56 and bestowed a grant of 100 000 Hyderabadi rupees towards the reconstruction of Thousand Pillar Temple 58 After hearing about the Golden Temple of Amritsar through Maharaja Ranjit Singh 59 60 Mir Osman Ali Khan started providing it with yearly grants 61 62 Donation towards the compilation of the Holy Mahabharata Edit In 1932 there was a need for money for the publication of the Holy Mahabharata by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute located in Pune A formal request was made to Mir Osman Ali Khan who granted Rs 1000 per year for a period of 11 years 63 He also gave Rs 50 000 for the construction of the institute s guest house 64 which stands today as the Nizam Guest House 65 66 Donation in Gold to the National Defence Fund Edit The Nizam with the then Prime minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri In October 1965 during the Sino Indian War the PM Lal Bahadur Shastri visited Hyderabad and requested the Nizam to contribute to the National Defence Fund set up in the wake of the Indo Chinese skirmish 67 68 In response the Nizam donated five tonnes 5 000kg of gold to the Indian army In terms of today s gold price in the international market this donation translates to a whopping Rs 1 500 crore 69 70 71 Donations to educational institutions Edit The Nizam donated Rs 1 million for the Banaras Hindu University 72 73 Rs 500 000 for the Aligarh Muslim University 74 and 300 000 for the Indian Institute of Science 72 He also made large donations to many institutions in India and abroad with special emphasis given to educational institutions such as the Jamia Nizamia and the Darul Uloom Deoband 75 76 Restoration of Ajanta Ellora caves Edit During the early 1920s the Ajanta site was in the territory of the princely state of the Hyderabad 77 and Osman Ali Khan the Nizam of Hyderabad appointed experts to restore the artwork converted the site into a museum and built a road to enable tourists come to the site 77 78 The Nizam s Director of Archaeology obtained the services of two experts from Italy Professor Lorenzo Cecconi assisted by Count Orsini to restore the paintings in the caves The Director of Archaeology for the last Nizam of Hyderabad said of the work of Cecconi and Orsini The repairs to the caves and the cleaning and conservation of the frescoes have been carried out on such sound principles and in such a scientific manner that these matchless monuments have found a fresh lease of life for at least a couple of centuries 79 Operation Polo and abdication Edit From left to right Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru the Nizam and Major General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri after Hyderabad s accession to India See also Operation Polo After Indian independence in 1947 the country was partitioned into India and Pakistan The princely states were left free to make whatever arrangement they wished with either India or Pakistan The Nizam ruled over more than 16 million people and 82 698 square miles 214 190 km2 of territory when the British withdrew from the sub continent in 1947 80 But unlike the other princely states Nizam refused to sign the instrument of accession Instead he opted to sign a 1 year standstill agreement agreed upon by the British and signed by then viceroy Lord Mountbatten 81 The Nizam refused to join either India or Pakistan preferring to form a separate independent kingdom within the British Commonwealth of Nations 80 This proposal for independence was rejected by the British government but the Nizam continued to explore it Towards this end he kept up open negotiations with the Government of India regarding the modalities of a future relationship while opening covert negotiations with Pakistan in a similar vein The Nizam cited the Razakars as evidence that the people of the state were opposed to any agreement with India citation needed The one year standstill agreement turned out to be a severe blow to the Nizam as it gave all foreign affairs communication and defense power to the Indian government The new Indian government wasn t happy that a sovereign state would exist right at the center of India 82 In accordance to this they ultimately decided to invade Hyderabad in 1948 in an operation code named Operation Polo Under the supervision of Major General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri one division of the Indian Army and a tank brigade invaded and captured Hyderabad 83 The annexation was over in just 109 hours or roughly 4 days Due to no foreign connections and no real defense the war was a losing cause for Hyderabad from the start After the annexation the territory came under Indian rule and Nizam was removed from his position but allowed to keep all personal wealth and title 84 Wealth EditSee also Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad The Nizam was so wealthy that he was portrayed on the cover of Time magazine on 22 February 1937 being described as the world s richest man 85 At its peak the wealth of Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII was worth 660 crore US 83 million all his conceivable assets combined in the early 1940s while his entire treasure of jewels would be worth between US 150 million and US 500 million variously in today s terms 86 87 88 89 He used the Jacob Diamond a 185 carat diamond that is part of the Nizam s jewellery as a paperweight 90 During his days as Nizam he was reputed to be the richest man in the world having a fortune estimated at US 2 billion in the early 1940s 91 US 33 2 billion in 2021 dollars 92 or two per cent of the US economy then 93 The Nizam s personal fortune was estimated to be roughly 110 million including 40 million in gold and jewels equivalent to 2 265 847 176 in 2021 94 95 96 The Indian government still exhibits the jewellery as the Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad now in Delhi There are 173 jewels which include emeralds weighing nearly 2 000 carats 0 40 kg and pearls exceeding 40 thousand chows The collection includes gemstones turban ornaments necklaces and pendants belts and buckles earrings armbands bangles and bracelets anklets cufflinks and buttons watch chains and rings toe rings and nose rings 97 Along with the Nizam s jewels two Bari gold coins worth hundreds of crores were considered the rarest in the world Himayat Ali Mirza has requested the central government to bring these coins which were made in the Arabic script should be brought back to Hyderabad 98 Gift to Queen Elizabeth II Edit In 1947 the Nizam made a gift of diamond jewels including a tiara and necklace to the future Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her marriage The brooches and necklace were still worn by the Queen until her death and the necklace is known as the Nizam of Hyderabad necklace 99 Personal life Edit The Nizam with his heir apparent and grandson Mukarram Jah The Nizam lived at King Kothi Palace bought from a nobleman Kamal Khan an architect of those times from age 13 until his death He never moved to Chowmahalla Palace even after his accession to the throne 100 Unlike his father he was not interested in fine clothing or hunting His hobbies rather included poetry and writing ghazals in Urdu 101 He revered his mother and visited her every day she was alive he used to visit her grave almost every day after she died 102 Family Edit On 14 April 1906 at the age of 21 he first married Azam Unnisa Begum Dulhan Pasha Begum a daughter of the noble Nawab Jahangir Jung 3 103 His first son Azam Jah married Durru Shehvar daughter of the Ottoman caliph Abdul Mejid II while his second son Moazzam Jah married Niloufer a niece of the Ottoman sultan 104 105 Azam Jah and Durru Shehvar had two sons Mukarram Jah and Muffakham Jah with the former succeeding his grandfather as the de jure Nizam 104 The 7th Nizam in total had 34 children 18 sons and 16 daughters 106 107 108 109 110 111 from his 8 wives 112 113 114 115 116 His second son HH Moazzam Jah had three wives citation needed first being princess Nilofer Since princess Niloufer couldn t bear a child Moazzam Jah married Razia Begum and had three daughters princess Fatima Fouzia princess Amina Merzia and princess Oolia Kulsum Prince Moazzam Jah also married Anwari Begum and had a son prince Shahmat Jah 117 Another socially prominent grandson is Mir Najaf Ali Khan 118 119 120 who represents several trusts of the last Nizam including the H E H the Nizam s Charitable Trust and the Nizam Family Welfare Association 119 Lately Nizam s name was being used by various parties for political gains Another great grandson Himayat Ali Mirza wrote to prime minister in this regard along with Election Commission of India requesting political parties not to use Nizam s name in today s politics as it is both disrespectful to such a great personality 35 121 The Nizams daughters had been married traditionally to young men of the House of Paigah This family belonged to the Sunni sect 122 Final years and death EditThe Nizam continued to stay at the King Kothi Palace until his death He used to issue firmans on inconsequential matters in his newspaper the Nizam Gazette 100 He died on Friday 24 February 1967 In his will he asked to buried in Masjid e Judi a mosque where his mother was buried that faced King Kothi Palace 123 124 The government declared state mourning on 25 February 1967 the day when he was buried State government offices remained closed as a mark of respect while the National Flag of India was flown at half mast on all the government buildings throughout the state 125 The Nizam Museum documents state The streets and pavements of the city were littered with the pieces of broken glass bangles as an incalculable number of women broke their bangles in mourning which Telangana women usually do as per Indian customs on the death of a close relative 126 The Nizam s funeral procession was the biggest non religious non political meeting of people in the history of India till that date Millions of people of all religions from different parts of the state entered Hyderabad in trains buses and bullocks for a last glimpse of their king in a coffin in the King Kothi Palace Camp in Hyderabad 127 The crowd was so uncontrollable that barricades were installed alongside the road to enable people to move in a queue 128 D Bhaskara Rao chief curator of the Nizam s Museum stated that an estimated one million 1 million people were part of the procession 129 Title and salutation EditSalutation style Edit The Nizam was the honorary Colonel of the 20 Deccan Horse In 1918 King George V elevated Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur from His Highness to His Exalted Highness In a letter dated 24 January 1918 the title Faithful Ally of the British Government was conferred on him 130 better source needed Full Titular Name Edit The titles during his life were 1886 1911 Nawab Bahadur Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi 130 1911 1912 His Highness Rustam i Dauran Arustu i Zaman Wal Mamaluk Asaf Jah VII Muzaffar ul Mamaluk Nizam ul Mulk Nizam ud Daula Nawab Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur Sipah Salar Fath Jang Nizam of Hyderabad GCSI 130 1912 1917 Colonel His Highness Rustam i Dauran Arustu i Zaman Wal Mamaluk Asaf Jah VII Muzaffar ul Mamaluk Nizam ul Mulk Nizam ud Daula Nawab Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur Sipah Salar Fath Jang Nizam of Hyderabad GCSI 130 1917 1918 Colonel His Highness Rustam i Dauran Arustu i Zaman Wal Mamaluk Asaf Jah VII Muzaffar ul Mamaluk Nizam ul Mulk Nizam ud Daula Nawab Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur Sipah Salar Fath Jang Nizam of Hyderabad GCSI GBE 130 1918 1936 Lieutenant General His Exalted Highness Rustam i Dauran Arustu i Zaman Wal Mamaluk Asaf Jah VII Muzaffar ul Mamaluk Nizam ul Mulk Nizam ud Daula Nawab Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur Sipah Salar Fath Jang Faithful Ally of the British Government Nizam of Hyderabad GCSI GBE 130 1936 1941 Lieutenant General His Exalted Highness Rustam i Dauran Arustu i Zaman Wal Mamaluk Asaf Jah VII Muzaffar ul Mamaluk Nizam ul Mulk Nizam ud Daula Nawab Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur Sipah Salar Fath Jang Faithful Ally of the British Government Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar GCSI GBE 130 1941 1967 General His Exalted Highness Rustam i Dauran Arustu i Zaman Wal Mamaluk Asaf Jah VII Muzaffar ul Mamaluk Nizam ul Mulk Nizam ud Daula Nawab Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur Sipah Salar Fath Jang Faithful Ally of the British Government Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar GCSI GBE 130 131 Honours and Eponyms EditDelhi Durbar Gold Medal 1911 as part of the 1911 Delhi Durbar Honours 132 133 GCSI Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India 1911 134 GCStJ Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of St John 1911 134 need quotation to verify GBE Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire 1917 134 need quotation to verify King George V Silver Jubilee Medal 1935 134 need quotation to verify King George VI Coronation Medal 1937 134 need quotation to verify Royal Victorian Chain 1946 134 need quotation to verify List of Eponyms Edit Osmania General Hospital Osmania Biscuit Osman Sagar a reservoir in Hyderabad Osmanabad The Nizam of Hyderabad necklace The Nizam Gate of Ajmer Sharif Dargah 135 See also EditEstablishments of the Nizams Hospitals established by the Nizams Nizam s Guaranteed State Railway Nizams of Hyderabad Asaf Jahi dynasty Hyderabad StateReferences Edit Ali Mir Quadir 17 September 2019 Hyderabad s tryst with history Deccan Chronicle Retrieved 18 November 2020 The question now is What exactly happened on September 17 1948 The Nizam s radio broadcast meant the lifting of the house arrest of Government of India s Agent General K M Munshi allowing him to work on a new government with the Nizam as Head of State Benjamin B Cohen Kingship and Colonialism in India s Deccan 1850 1948 Macmillan 2007 p81 need quotation to verify a b c d e f g Jaganath Santosh 2013 The History of Nizam s Railways System Laxmi Book Publication p 44 ISBN 9781312496477 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 22 July 2020 No parallel to Hyderabad s Muharram procession in India News18 news18 24 November 2012 Retrieved 23 February 2022 Here are five super rich people from the pages of history The Economic Times 1 May 2015 Family of Indian royals wins 35m court battle against Pakistan BBC News 2 October 2019 Retrieved 16 September 2020 a b The Seventh Nizam The Nizam s Museum Hyderabad Telangana India thenizamsmuseum com Archived from the original on 17 May 2019 Retrieved 16 July 2020 This day that year How Hyderabad became a part of the union of India 16 September 2018 Archived from the original on 30 December 2018 Retrieved 16 July 2020 HYDERABAD Silver Jubilee Durbar Time 22 February 1937 Archived from the original on 24 May 2007 Retrieved 20 May 2007 a b c Zupan M A 2017 Inside Job How Government Insiders Subvert the Public Interest Inside Job How Government Insiders Subvert the Public Interest Cambridge University Press pp 10 115 ISBN 978 1 107 15373 8 LCCN 2016044124 The Nizam of Hyderabad Time Archived from the original on 6 March 2005 a b Jhala A D 2015 Royal Patronage Power and Aesthetics in Princely India Empires in Perspective Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1 317 31656 5 Globalisation of Golconda Making money the royal way Retrieved 8 February 2019 McCaffrey Julie 3 February 2012 Exclusive The last Nizam of Hyderabad was so rich he had a 50 million diamond paperweight Mirror co uk London Bedi Rahul 12 April 2008 India finally settles 1million Nizam dispute The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Exhibitions at National Museum of India New Delhi India 2 April 2009 Archived from the original on 2 April 2009 Shah Tahir Alan the Red the Brit who makes Bill Gates a pauper Times Online The Sunday Times 7 October 2007 Web 19 9ay 2010 Pagdi Raghavendra Rao 1987 Short History of Banking in Hyderabad District 1879 1950 In M Radhakrishna Sarma K D Abhyankar and V G Bilolikar eds History of Hyderabad District 1879 1950AD Yugabda 4981 5052 Hyderabad Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti Vol 2 pp 85 87 a b Nature Discovery in Telangana Telangana Tourism telanganatourism gov Archived from the original on 15 August 2018 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Why wealth of Hyderabad Nizam s heirs depends on Pakistan NDTV com Retrieved 13 February 2023 A Memorable Republic Day pib nic in Archived from the original on 23 October 2017 Retrieved 3 May 2017 Karnataka State Gazetteer Gulbarga Director of Printing Stationery and Publications at the Government Press 1966 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 13 September 2020 The Last Nizam who put Hyderabad on global map Archived from the original on 7 April 2019 Retrieved 11 June 2020 Sunil Mungara 4 September 2016 Much of Bhoodan land found to be under encroachment in city Hyderabad News The Times of India TNN Updated IFTHEKHAR J S 13 February 2012 Nizam s generous side and love for books The Hindu Retrieved 27 January 2023 Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society Pakistan Historical Society the University of Michigan 46 3 4 104 1998 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 26 July 2020 a b c Chapter II PDF Shodh Ganga Indian Electronic Thesises and Dissertations p 56 Archived PDF from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 28 July 2020 Keen Caroline 2003 The power behind the throne Relations between the British and the Indian states 1870 1909 PDF PhD thesis SOAS University of London pp 84 86 Archived PDF from the original on 15 September 2020 Delhi Durbar of 1911 All you wanted to know The Heritage Lab 17 December 2020 T Uma April 2003 1 Accession of Hyderabad state to the Indian union a study of the political and pressure groups 1945 1948 PhD thesis Department of History School of Social Sciences University of Hyderabad p 20 hdl 10603 1882 Archived from the original on 25 April 2019 Retrieved 28 July 2020 via Shodh Ganga Indian Electronic Thesises and Dissertations a b Celebrating the Nizam s fabled golconda diamonds Economic Times Blog 23 February 2019 Archived from the original on 2 August 2019 Retrieved 16 July 2020 His Exalted Highness to be staged today The Hindu 14 March 2007 Archived from the original on 19 February 2020 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Law 1914 p 85 92 a b c d Zompa Tenzin 6 April 2021 Mir Osman Ali Khan Hyderabad Nizam who wore cotton pyjamas amp used a diamond as paper weight ThePrint Retrieved 10 October 2021 RAF Bomber Command No 110 Squadron raf mod uk Archived from the original on 3 February 2017 Retrieved 3 May 2017 HMAS Nizam Royal Australian Navy Archived from the original on 26 July 2020 Retrieved 19 July 2020 Osmania University osmania ac in Archived from the original on 25 April 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Begumpet Airport History Archived from the original on 21 December 2005 Begumpet Airport Archived from the original on 19 October 2021 Fact Check The Nizam of Hyderabad never fled Hyderabad India Today 29 January 2019 Archived from the original on 23 September 2019 Retrieved 23 September 2019 Nizam Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan was a perfect secular ruler The Siasat Daily Archive 13 August 2015 Archived from the original on 17 September 2018 Retrieved 19 July 2020 Osmania University osmania ac in Archived from the original on 25 April 2020 Retrieved 30 July 2020 Welcome to Osmania University Osmania ac in 26 April 1917 Archived from the original on 12 August 2015 Retrieved 18 August 2015 Lasania Yunus Y 26 April 2017 100 years of Osmania University the hub of Telangana agitation Mint Archived from the original on 19 June 2018 Retrieved 20 July 2018 Once the pride of the Nizam Hyderabad s iconic Osmania hospital now lies in shambles The News Minute 24 January 2017 Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 Retrieved 20 July 2018 Kacheguda station scripts 100 years of history The Hans India 3 June 2016 Archived from the original on 20 June 2018 Retrieved 20 July 2018 Nayar K P 18 July 2011 Ties too big for Delhi table Space dilemma mirrors growth in Indo US relationship The Telegraph Kolkota Archived from the original on 25 July 2015 Retrieved 13 December 2013 Sharma Manoj 8 June 2011 Of princes palaces and plush points Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 10 October 2013 Retrieved 13 December 2013 Pagdi Raghavendra Rao 1987 Short History of Banking in Hyderabad District 1879 1950 In M Radhakrishna Sarma K D Abhyankar and V G Bilolikar eds History of Hyderabad District 1879 1950AD Yugabda 4981 5052 Hyderabad Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti Vol 2 pp 85 87 Sridhar G Naga 8 April 2014 Ethnic flavour SBH to be chief banker to new Telangana state BusinessLine Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Gandipet s Osman Sagar Lake Hyderabad exploretelangana com 24 August 2013 Archived from the original on 19 June 2018 Retrieved 20 July 2018 Himayat Sagar Lake Weekend Tourist Spot of Hyderabad exploretelangana com Archived from the original on 19 June 2018 Retrieved 20 July 2018 MAU mkv Archived from the original on 18 May 2015 Retrieved 24 May 2015 Venkateshwarlu K 26 May 2001 A tome on the aviation history of the Deccan The Hindu Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 17 April 2020 a b A miser who donated generously 20 September 2010 Archived from the original on 5 February 2019 Retrieved 12 August 2018 Nizam gave funding for temples and Hindu educational institutions 28 May 2013 Archived from the original on 8 July 2018 Retrieved 9 July 2018 Attempt to portray Nizam as intolerant oppressor decried Gulf News Archived from the original on 30 July 2019 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Maharaja Ranjit Singh s contributions to Harimandir Sahib Archived from the original on 17 April 2015 Retrieved 1 March 2019 A Brief History of The Nizams of Hyderabad Archived from the original on 2 April 2019 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Jaganath Dr Santosh The History of Nizam s Railways System ISBN 9781312496477 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Morgan Diane 2007 From Satan s Crown to the Holy Grail Emeralds in Myth Magic and History Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 9780275991234 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Family members rue that Hyderabad has forgotten the last Nizam s contribution to the city 18 August 2016 Archived from the original on 9 July 2018 Retrieved 5 February 2019 Nizam s Guest House Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute Pune Archived from the original on 9 July 2018 Retrieved 5 February 2019 Reminiscing the seventh Nizam s enormous contribution to education telanganatoday 27 March 2017 Archived from the original on 26 August 2018 Retrieved 5 February 2019 Over Year On Bori s Historic Nizam Guest House Still Awaits Reopening 14 November 2011 Archived from the original on 9 July 2018 Retrieved 5 February 2019 Bureau Our 12 September 2014 When the miserly Nizam became munificent www thehansindia com When Osman Ali Khan donated 5 tonnes of gold to Govt of India Archived from the original on 4 September 2018 Retrieved 19 June 2020 Nanisetti Serish 11 November 2018 The truth about the Nizam and his gold The Hindu Elliot Sir Henry Miers 1849 Bibliographical Index to the Historians of Muhammedan India J Thomas Hashmi Syed Ali 2017 Hyderabad 1948 an avoidable invasion New Delhi ISBN 9788172210793 Retrieved 8 June 2022 a b Nizam gave funding for temples and Hindu educational institutions missiontelangana 28 May 2013 Archived from the original on 8 July 2018 Retrieved 30 December 2018 Nizam gave funding for temples Hindu educational institutions siasat 10 September 2010 Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 9 July 2018 Nothing is more disgraceful for a nation than to throw into the oblivion its historical heritage and the works of its ancestors 12 April 2016 Archived from the original on 9 July 2018 Retrieved 30 December 2018 Mir Osman Ali Khan Richest Indian to ever exist in documented history The Siasat Daily Archive 30 March 2018 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 13 September 2020 NISAB AHLE KHIDMAT E SHARIA Syllabus for Observers of Islamic Law PDF Archived PDF from the original on 22 June 2017 Retrieved 13 September 2020 a b Cohen Richard S 2006 Beyond Enlightenment Buddhism Religion Modernity Routledge pp 51 58 ISBN 978 1 134 19205 2 Jain Madhu Cave paintings of Ajanta and Ellora become a tragic monument to archaeological neglect post independence India Today Ajanta cave paintings of Nizam era lie in a state of neglect a b Lessons to learn from Hyderabad s past The Times of India 15 December 2013 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 19 June 2020 Trumbull Robert 23 October 1947 BIG INDIAN STATE KEEPS SOVEREIGNTY Hyderabad Makes Standstill Agreement With Dominion Holding Status for Year The New York Times Nanisetti Serish 15 September 2018 Accession of Hyderabad When a battle by cables forced the Nizam s hand The Hindu Exclusive sunder lal report on indian armies annexation of Hyderabad and the following mass killings of muslims 30 November 2013 Archived from the original on 18 June 2020 Retrieved 19 June 2020 Nanisetti Serish 15 September 2018 Accession of Hyderabad When a battle by cables forced the Nizam s hand The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 11 October 2021 Time Magazine Cover The Nizam of Hyderabad Feb 22 1937 Time Archived from the original on 17 June 2017 Retrieved 4 June 2017 INDIA The Nizam s Daughter Time 19 January 1959 Archived from the original on 3 February 2009 Exhibition of jewels of Hyderabad Nizams includes fifth largest diamond in world rediff com Hyderabad museum to exhibit Nizam s jewels Priceless Nizam jewels to be exhibited The Times of India Y Lasania Yunus The last Nizam of Hyderabad was not a miser The Hindu Archived from the original on 26 February 2017 Retrieved 26 February 2017 INDIA The Nizam s Daughter Time 19 January 1959 Archived from the original on 3 February 2009 Retrieved 18 October 2007 Foreign Commerce Weekly Vol 24 U S Department of Commerce 1946 p 25 Here are five super rich people from the pages of history The Economic Times 1 May 2015 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2020 UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark Gregory 2017 The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain 1209 to Present New Series MeasuringWorth Retrieved 11 June 2022 Gifts of gold to help the Indian treasury The Times 14 December 1965 need quotation to verify Krishnan Usha Ramamrutham Bala Ramamrutham Bharath 2001 Jewels of the Nizams Department of Culture Government of India ISBN 978 81 85832 15 9 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 13 September 2020 Methil Renuka 3 September 2001 Exhibition of jewels of Hyderabad Nizams includes fifth largest diamond in world India Today Archived from the original on 27 July 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Clipping of Sakshi Telugu Daily Hyderabad Constituencies epaper sakshi com Retrieved 15 July 2022 The Nizam of Hyderabad Rose Brooches and Necklace From Her Majesty s Jewel Vault 11 February 2013 Archived from the original on 17 December 2013 Retrieved 12 February 2013 a b Khalidi Omar 2009 A Guide to Architecture in Hyderabad Deccan India PDF p 163 Archived from the original PDF on 25 September 2019 Retrieved 27 July 2020 A visual ode to Mir Osman Ali Khan the architect of modern The Times of India 8 April 2018 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 17 June 2020 The Seventh Nizam the Nizam s Museum Hyderabad Telangana India Archived from the original on 17 May 2019 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Khan Mir Ayoob Ali 23 September 2013 Nizam paid 128 kg in gold coins as meher to first wife The Times of India Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 23 July 2020 a b Princess Durruhsehvar of Berar The Daily Telegraph 11 February 2006 Archived from the original on 20 July 2018 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Leonard Karen Isaksen 2007 Locating Home India s Hyderabadis Abroad Stanford California Stanford University Press p 310 ISBN 978 0 8047 5442 2 Nanisetti Serish 6 October 2019 Who gets to own the Nizam s millions The Hindu Archived from the original on 27 March 2021 Retrieved 27 March 2021 Webb Philippa 2016 Robert McCorquodale Jean Pierre Gauci eds British Influences on International Law 1915 2015 Leiden Boston BRILL p 162 ISBN 978 90 04 28417 3 Mohla Anika 21 October 2012 From richest to rags in seven generations The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 14 August 2015 Retrieved 18 August 2015 Paran Balakrishnan 23 February 2014 Return of the Royals The Telegraph Kolkota Archived from the original on 21 August 2017 Retrieved 21 August 2017 Bedi Rahul India finally settles 1million Nizam dispute The Telegraph New Delhi Archived from the original on 26 July 2012 Retrieved 12 March 2021 Nadeau Barbie Latza 30 January 2017 Whose 40 Million Diamond Is It An Italian Family Feud The Daily Beast Archived from the original on 15 June 2017 Retrieved 15 June 2017 Bawa Basant K 1992 The Last Nizam The Life and Times of Mir Osman Ali Khan Viking p 377 ISBN 978 0 670 83997 1 Mir Ayoob Ali Khan 19 February 2018 Last surviving son of Nizam Fazal Jah dies Archived from the original on 20 February 2018 Retrieved 18 December 2018 Last Surviving son of seventh Nizam passes away in Hyderabad Archived from the original on 18 December 2018 Retrieved 18 December 2018 Menace of Black Money Bring back Nizam s wealth first Archived from the original on 18 December 2018 Retrieved 18 December 2018 Nizam s heirs seek Pakistani intervention to unfreeze bank account India Today 20 July 2012 Archived from the original on 18 December 2018 Retrieved 18 December 2018 Family Nizam s Family Tree retrieved 13 October 2021 Last Hyderabad Nizam s Heirs Demand 277 Acres Royal Property in Aurangabad NDTV com Archived from the original on 11 August 2019 Retrieved 16 July 2020 a b Syed Akbar 5 July 2017 Nizam s heir goes by Blue Book wants market rate for acquired land The Times of India Archived from the original on 25 July 2018 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Nizam s grandson basks in grandpa s glory The Hans India 27 April 2017 Archived from the original on 16 September 2018 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Syed Akbar 1 October 2021 Hyderabad Don t project Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan as villain for votes kin writes to PM Hyderabad News The Times of India Retrieved 15 October 2021 a TNN 9 April 2008 Paigah scion Mujeeb Yar Jung dead Hyderabad News Times of India The Times of India Floarl Tribute to Nizam VII The Siasat Daily siasat com 25 February 2018 Archived from the original on 22 April 2018 Retrieved 21 April 2018 Heritage enthusiasts pay rich tributes to seventh Nizam The Hindu 7 April 2018 Archived from the original on 30 December 2018 Retrieved 14 June 2018 In pictures 50 years ago a sea of people turned up for Death of Hyderabads Last Nizam thenewsminute com 24 February 2017 Archived from the original on 18 December 2017 Retrieved 23 March 2019 The Times Group The Times of India Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 23 March 2019 On his 50th death anniversary the last Nizam of Hyderabad Hindustan Times 24 February 2017 Archived from the original on 19 October 2018 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Nizam s opulence has no takers The Hans India Archived from the original on 23 August 2018 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Syed Akbar 25 February 2017 Mir Osman Ali Khan Modern Hyderabad architect and statehood icon Nizam VII fades into history The Times of India Archived from the original on 2 September 2018 Retrieved 16 July 2020 a b c d e f g h Hyderabad Princely State The Indian Princely States Website Archived from the original on 7 January 2003 Retrieved 16 July 2020 Page 3 The Gazette Archived from the original on 12 March 2020 Retrieved 30 July 2020 No 28559 The London Gazette 12 December 1911 p 9357 Shanker CR Gowri 27 May 2018 Nizam VII cared more for people than himself Deccan Chronicle a b c d e f Cannadine David 2002 Ornamentalism How the British Saw Their Empire Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 515794 9 Archived from the original on 15 September 2020 Retrieved 2 August 2020 Safvi Rana 16 February 2019 In the Chishti shrine in Ajmer The Hindu Further reading EditThe Splendour of Hyderabad The Last Phase of an Oriental Culture 1591 1948 A D By M A Nayeem ISBN 81 85492 20 4 The Nocturnal Court The Life of a Prince of Hyderabad By Sidq Jaisi Developments in Administration Under H E H the Nizam VII By Shamim Aleem M A Aleem Developments in Administration Under H E H the Nizam VII Jewels of the Nizams Hardcover by Usha R Krishnan Author ISBN 81 85832 15 3 Fabulous Mogul Nizam VII of Hyderabad By Dosoo Framjee Karaka Published 1955 D Verschoyle Original from the University of Michigan Fabulous Mogul Nizam VII of Hyderabad The Seventh Nizam The Fallen Empire By Zubaida Yazdani Mary Chrystal ISBN 0 9510819 0 X The Last Nizam The Life and Times of Mir Osman Ali Khan By V K Bawa Basant K Bawa ISBN 0 670 83997 3 The Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad An Archival Appraisal By Sayyid Da ud Ashraf The Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad An Archival Appraisal Raghavendra Rao D 27 July 1926 Misrule of the Nizam being extracts from and translations of articles regarding the administration of Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur the Nizam of Hyderabad Deccan Swarajya Press OCLC 5067242 Photographs of Lord Willingdon s visit to Hyderabad in the early 1930s 27 July 1931 OCLC 33453066 Law John 1914 Modern Hyderabad Deccan Thacker Spink and Co External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Asaf Jah VII The Nizam often used to call Muslims and the Hindus as his two eyes in Siasat The Nizam of Hyderabad on the cover of TimeMir Osman Ali KhanAsaf Jahi dynastyBorn 8 April 1886 Died 24 February 1967Regnal titlesPreceded byMahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI Nizam of Hyderabad1911 1948 Annexed by Dominion of IndiaTitles in pretenceNew title TITULAR Nizam of Hyderabad1948 1967 Succeeded byBarkat Ali Khan Asaf Jah VIIIGovernment officesPreceded byMir Yousuf Ali Khan Salar Jung III Prime Minister of Hyderabad1914 1919 Succeeded bySir Sayyid Ali ImamPortals Biography Royalty India History Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mir Osman Ali Khan amp oldid 1145832062, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.