fbpx
Wikipedia

London Zoo

London Zoo, previously known as ZSL London Zoo or London Zoological Gardens and sometimes called Regent's Park Zoo, is the world's oldest scientific zoo.[7][8] It was opened in London on 27 April 1828,[9] and was originally intended to be used as a collection for scientific study. In 1831 or 1832, the animals of the Tower of London menagerie were transferred to the zoo's collection. It was opened to the public in 1847.[7] As of December 2022, it houses a collection of 14,926 individuals, making it one of the largest collections in the United Kingdom.[10][11]

London Zoo
Logo as it appears on 2021 online map
51°32′08″N 00°09′21″W / 51.53556°N 0.15583°W / 51.53556; -0.15583
Date opened27 April 1828; 195 years ago (1828-04-27)
LocationRegent's Park
London, NW1
United Kingdom
Land area36 acres (15 ha)[1]
No. of animals19,289 (2018)[2]
No. of species673 (2018)
Annual visitors1,078,519 (2019)[6]
MembershipsBIAZA,[3] EAZA,[4] WAZA[5]
Major exhibitsGorilla Kingdom, Animal Adventure, Blackburn Pavilion, Clore Rainforest Lookout, Into Africa, Tiger territory, Land of the Lions and Penguin Beach.
Websitewww.londonzoo.org

It is managed under the aegis of the Zoological Society of London (established in 1826),[7] and is situated at the northern edge of Regent's Park, on the boundary line between the City of Westminster and the borough of Camden (the Regent's Canal runs through it).[12] The Society also has a more spacious site at Whipsnade Zoo in Bedfordshire to which the larger animals such as elephants and rhinos have been moved.[13][14] As well as being the first scientific zoo, London Zoo also opened the first reptile house (1849), first public aquarium (1853),[15] first insect house (1881) and the first children's zoo (1938).

ZSL receives no state funding and relies on 'Fellows' and 'Friends' memberships, entrance fees, venue hire, and sponsorship to generate income.[16][17]

History edit

1828–1938 edit

 
Bird's eye view drawing of the gardens of the Zoological Society, circa 1828
 
1835 painting of the camel house.

The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) was established by Sir Stamford Raffles and Sir Humphry Davy in 1826,[7] who obtained the land for the zoo and saw the plans before Raffles died of apoplexy (a stroke) later that year on 5 July, his birthday.[17] After his death, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne took over the project and supervised the building of the first animal houses.[17] The zoo opened in April 1828 to fellows of the Society,[7] providing access to species such as Arabian oryx, greater kudus, orangutan and the now extinct quagga and thylacine.[17] The Society was granted a royal charter in 1829 by King George IV, and in 1847 the zoo opened to the public to aid funding.[7][18]

It was believed that tropical animals could not survive outside in London's cold weather, so they were all kept indoors until 1902, when Peter Chalmers Mitchell was appointed secretary of the Society.[17] He set about a major reorganisation of the buildings and enclosures of the zoo, bringing many of the animals out into the open, where many thrived. This was an idea inspired by Hamburg Zoo, and led to newer designs to many of the buildings.[17] Mitchell also envisaged a new 600-acre (240 ha) park to the north of London, and in 1926 Hall Farm, near to Whipsnade village, was bought. In 1931, Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, the world's first open zoological park, opened.[7] The first woman to be a curator at London Zoo was Evelyn Cheesman, in 1920.[19]

Second World War 1939–1945 edit

After the start of the Second World War, the London Zoo was closed multiple times for over a week, the first time being from 11:00am on 3 September 1939, when all zoological places were closed by order of the government. Valuable animals were transferred to Whipsnade Zoo during the war for safety. On 27 September 1940, high explosive bombs damaged the Rodent house, the Civet house, the gardener's office, the propagating sheds, the North Gate and the Zebra house. In January 1941 the Camel House was also hit, and the aquarium could not open until May 1943 due to extensive bombing. No animals were harmed during the incidents, although a zebra, a female ass, and her foal escaped from the zoo during the bombings. For safety reasons, all venomous animals were killed at London Zoo. Throughout the war members of the armed forces paid half price for entry, and the wounded entered free of charge.[20]

Since 1946 edit

In 1962, 'Caroline', an Arabian oryx, was lent to Phoenix Zoo, Arizona, US, in the world's first international co-operative breeding programme.[7] Today, the zoo participates in breeding programmes for over 130 species.[7]

In the 1980s, London Zoo housed 8,000 animals of more than 900 species, and in the 1990s the zoo possessed 7,000 animals of 850 species; the next biggest collection in Britain was Chester Zoo, with just under 3,500 animals. Many of the species in London Zoo could not be seen anywhere else in the country, such as the wombat, Tasmanian devil or long-nosed potoroo.[17] Although this vast collection was part of the zoo's appeal, it may also have been one of the main causes of its financial problems.[17] This contributed to the zoo being faced with closure in the 1980s. Due to the public change of attitude to animals kept in captivity and unsuitably cramped space, the zoo also suffered dwindling visitor numbers. However, when it was announced that London Zoo would close in 1991, a swell of public support in visitors and donations allowed the zoo to continue its work, attempt to balance its books, and take on the huge task of restoring its buildings and creating environments more suitable for animal behaviour in the late 20th century.[17][21] The BAFTA winning 1993 documentary series The Ark by Molly Dineen chronicled this period of time.[22]

One benefit of the 'swell of public support' was the development of volunteer staff. Employed by both Education and Animal care, these volunteers give one day a week to assist the running of London Zoo and can be recognised by their red pullovers.[citation needed]

During the covid epidemic that started in 2020, the zoo closed from 21 March to 15 June 2021, causing a "perilous financial position" due to loss of revenue.[23]

The Snowdon Aviary was redeveloped as Monkey Valley, opening in 2022.

Areas and attractions edit

 
Three great white pelicans in their enclosure

The Zoo has many named areas and attractions. Several of them are available for hire outside the zoo's opening hours, including The Terrace, Penguin Beach, Tiny Giants, Land of the Lions, Tiger Territory, and Attenborough Komodo Dragon House.[24]

Group Number of species Number of individuals
Mammals 70 561
Birds 99 671
Reptiles 49 167
Amphibians 20 726
Fish 207 5818
Invertebrates 228 11346
Total 673 19289[25]

Monkey Valley edit

 
The Snowdon Aviary

The Snowdon Aviary was designed by Cedric Price, Frank Newby and Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, built between 1962 and 1964, and opened in 1965.[26][27] It was Britain's first public, walk-through aviary, and primarily housed shorebirds such as gulls and ibis. It is constructed with a pyramidal aluminium framework reaching 21m high. In 2021, the aviary was re-developed into a walkthrough enclosure called "Monkey Valley", which opened to the public in August 2022 and houses a troop of eastern black and white colobus monkeys.[28] The structure is now heritage listed.

Land of the Lions edit

Land of the Lions is London Zoo's Asiatic lion enclosure, opened in 2016.[29] It covers 2,500 square metres, and is designed to resemble an Indian town on the edge of the Gir Forest National Park, intended to demonstrate how the lion's natural habitat overlaps with local urban environments. Hanuman langurs, common dwarf mongooses and Rüppell's vultures are also displayed in this area.[30]

Tiger Territory edit

Tiger Territory is London Zoo's Sumatran tiger enclosure, designed by architect Michael Kozdon[31] and officially opened by the Duke of Edinburgh in March 2013. The zoo currently owns five tigers, a male named Asim, a female named Gaysha, and their two cubs born in June 2022, named Zac and Crispin. The enclosure is 2,500 square metres (27,000 square feet) in size, and features authentic Indonesian plant life,[32] as well as a net canopy of 3mm steel cable supported by four metal poles.[33]

The Casson Pavilion edit

The Casson Pavilion is one of the zoo's Grade II listed buildings and was designed by architect Sir Hugh Casson between 1962 and 1965. It was originally built to house rhinos and elephants, but since the animals were moved to Whipsnade Zoo in 2001 after killing a keeper, the building has housed camels and porcupines, and was at one point in time part of Tiger Territory when it housed bearded pigs and Malayan tapirs.It is now its own exhibit known as The Cassons and houses a family of red river hogs and a babirusa.

Gorilla Kingdom edit

Opened by the Duke of Edinburgh in March 2007, Gorilla Kingdom consists of a moated island, home to a group of western lowland gorillas. The zoo currently owns 5 gorillas: an adult male named Kiburi, two adult females named Mjukuu and Effie, an infant female named Alika (the daughter of Mjukuu and former silverback Kumbuka) born in December 2014, and an infant male named Gernot (the son of Effie and former silverback Kumbuka) born in November 2015.[34] The Gorilla Kingdom area also features smaller enclosures housing white-naped mangabeys, Celebes crested macaques and Diana monkeys. The exhibit also features a walk-through aviary housing African birds

Into Africa edit

Into Africa is an Africa-themed area opened in April 2006.[35] Animals on display in this area include Chapman's zebras, common warthogs, okapis, ostriches, Rothschild's giraffes, pygmy hippos, African wild dogs and a Burchell's zebra. London Zoo's Giraffe House was first built in 1837, and is the world's oldest zoo building that is still used for its original purpose. The current giraffe enclosure features a high-level viewing platform to give the public face-to-face contact with the giraffes. The Giraffe House is heritage listed.

Rainforest Life and Night Life edit

Rainforest Life is a walk-through indoor exhibit that houses many species of South American rainforest animals. Among the species in the main forest walk-through are Linnaeus's two-toed sloths, golden lion tamarins, red titi monkeys, red-faced spider monkeys, big hairy armadillos, Goeldi's marmosets, southern tamandua, golden-headed lion tamarins, red-footed tortoises and Rodrigues flying foxes. The building also has a darkened area called "Nightlife", which houses nocturnal animals such as Mohol bushbaby, slender lorises, West African pottos, Malagasy giant rats, aye-ayes and blind cave fish.

The Outback edit

The Mappin Terraces opened in 1913,[26] and features an artificial rocky cliff made of concrete blocks for animal enrichment. This was the zoo's first major attempt at recreating natural environments without bars, influenced by European zoos such as Tierpark Hagenbeck, and many different species have been kept in this enclosure during its lifetime, including bears, penguins, sheep, goats, kangaroos, leopards, and wild boar. The Mappin Terraces is currently an Australia-themed exhibit called "The Outback", housing emus and red-necked wallabies.

The former Aquarium edit

 
Aquarium
 
A copperband butterflyfish in the coral reef hall

There was an aquarium at the zoo from 1853 until 2019. The zoo's first aquarium was also the world's first public aquarium,[15] and was created and stocked by Philip Henry Gosse who coined the word "aquarium", as a portmanteau of aquatic vivarium.[15] In 1853 opened a building known as Fish House, while the most recent aquarium was built in 1921 next to and beneath the Mappin Terraces, and was officially opened by King George V and his wife Queen Mary in April 1924. The collection in 1853 included 58 fish species and 200 invertebrate species.[36]

The aquarium was separated into three halls, each home to different types of fish and other aquatic wildlife. The first hall primarily contained freshwater species such as rudd and European eels, as well as some saltwater species involved in various conservation projects and captive-breeding programmes, such as broad sea fans, uarus and seahorses. The second hall displayed various species of coral reef fish from around the world, such as clownfish, copperband butterflyfish and regal tangs, as well as real coral. The third hall housed species native to the Amazon River, including red-bellied piranhas, angelfish, arapaimas and ocellate river stingrays. As well as the three halls, the aquarium also featured the "Big Fish Tank", which contained large fish species that were all former pets, and had to be rescued because their owners did not have the proper equipment or understanding to look after them.

The dedicated London Aquarium, unconnected with ZSL, opened in 1997. The Zoo's smaller aquarium closed on 22 October 2019; some of the aquatic creatures were moved to a new aquarium at Whipsnade Zoo, while others were set to be housed in a new corals exhibit in the Tiny Giants building in 2020.[37]

Animal Adventure edit

Animal Adventure (formerly called the Ambika Paul Children's Zoo) opened in 2009 and is an area aimed primarily at children, featuring playgrounds and a water fountain. It was built after a child who loved visiting the zoo with her family, Ambika Paul, died from cancer. Her parents donated £1,000,000 to the zoo to build a children's zoo in her honor. Many of the animals in Animal Adventure are domestic animals, such as llamas, alpacas, and goats, as well as kunekune pigs. Exotic species on display include Cape porcupines, South American coatis and yellow mongooses.

At approximately 6am on Saturday 23 December 2017, a large fire started at Animal Adventure. It was brought under control by 9:30am after spreading to the cafe/shop there, three quarters of which was estimated to have been severely damaged. A nine-year-old aardvark named Misha was pronounced dead, and four meerkats were declared unaccounted for and presumed dead. The zoo reopened on Christmas Eve.[38][39]

The Reptile House edit

One of London Zoo's most well-known buildings, the Reptile House opened in 1927 and was designed by Joan Beauchamp Procter and Sir Edward Guy Dawber.[26] It houses several species of reptile, including Jamaican boa, Philippine crocodiles, Annam leaf turtles, Fiji banded iguanas, northern caiman lizards, puff adders, king cobras and emerald tree boas. In December 2012, a refurbished amphibian section was opened to the public, displaying amphibians such as Chinese giant salamanders, axolotls, African bullfrogs, Lake Oku clawed frogs, White's tree frogs and various types of poison dart frog.[40]

Giants of the Galápagos edit

Giants of the Galápagos was opened in 2009 to coincide with the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin,[41] and is home to three female Galápagos giant tortoises named Dolly, Polly and Priscilla. The exhibit features a large indoor area, with a heated pond and underfloor heating, while the outdoor paddock has been designed to mimic the tortoise's natural environment and features two heated pools, one of which is a naturalistic clay wallow.

The Attenborough Komodo Dragon House edit

 
Raja, the male Komodo dragon

London Zoo's Komodo dragon enclosure was opened by Sir David Attenborough in July 2004.[42] The zoo used to own two Komodo dragons, a female named Rinka and a male named Raja. Raja was filmed in his exhibit for an action sequence in the 2012 James Bond film Skyfall.[43] A new male dragon called Ganas (one of the parthenogenic hatchlings from Chester Zoo) moved to London in 2015 after the previous dragons died. Their enclosure is designed to resemble the dragon's natural habitat of a dry river bed, and sounds of Indonesian birds are regularly played into the enclosure.[44]

Tiny Giants edit

Tiny Giants, formerly called B.U.G.S.) is an exhibit featuring invertebrates and fish. It is held in a building called The Millennium Conservation Centre, and the building displays over 160 species, including western honey bees, leafcutter ants, emperor scorpions, golden orb weavers, Madagascar orb weavers, Mexican redknee tarantulas, bird-eating spiders, desert locusts, moon jellyfish, partula snails and many others.

It also features a large coral reef aquarium with corals and over 200 reef fish. The Millennium Conservation Centre aims to be environmentally friendly, constructed from materials requiring little energy to produce, and generating its heating from the body heat of both the animals and visitors. In May 2015, an exhibit called "In With the Spiders" opened in the exhibit as Europe's first and only spider walkthrough exhibit. It houses many different types of spiders including one of the United Kingdom's most endangered animals, the fen raft spider,[45] as well as golden orb weavers.

Penguin Beach edit

Penguin Beach opened on 26 May 2011 and houses Humboldt penguins. A single male northern rockhopper penguin named Ricky also lived there until he was moved to Whipsnade Zoo in March 2017.[46] The pool itself is the largest penguin pool containing penguins in an English zoo.[47]

In with the Lemurs edit

Opened in March 2015, In with the Lemurs is a walk-through exhibit housing a group of ring-tailed lemurs and Lac Alaotra bamboo lemurs. It also has a family of aye-ayes living in the indoor section as well as lesser hedgehog tenrecs.[48] The exhibit is designed to resemble a shrub forest in Madagascar, featuring plant life such as loquat and Chusan palm trees.

Meet the Monkeys edit

Opened by comedians Noel Fielding and Julian Barratt of The Mighty Boosh in 2005,[49] Meet the Monkeys is a walk-through enclosure that houses a troop of black-capped squirrel monkeys. The exhibit has no roof, and there are no boundaries between the monkeys and the visitors. It is the southernmost enclosure in the zoo.[50]

Butterfly Paradise edit

 
An atlas moth in Butterfly Paradise

Opened in May 2006, Butterfly Paradise houses several different species of butterfly and moth from around the world, as well as plant species specially selected to provide nectar and breeding areas for the insects.[51] Species on display include the clipper butterfly, blue morpho butterfly, atlas moth, zebra longwing, glasswing butterfly and postman butterfly.[10] The exhibit also features a caterpillar hatchery and a pupa display cabinet, where visitors can witness different types of pupae and the development of new butterflies.[52]

Bird Safari edit

The Bird Safari opened in 2005 as a redevelopment of the old stork and ostrich house, replacing enclosures that were out of date by modern zoo-keeping standards.[53] It is a walk-through exhibit housing various species of birds including waldrapp ibises, Abdim's storks, Fischer's turacos, hamerkops, white-faced whistling ducks and blue-bellied rollers.[53][54]

Blackburn Pavilion edit

The Blackburn Pavilion is a rainforest-themed tropical bird aviary that opened in March 2008, as a refurbishment of the zoo's outdated bird house.[55] It rejuvenated the bird house by adding a walk-through element. The building was originally constructed in 1883, as a reptile house. The pavilion houses 50 different species of exotic rainforest birds, including blue-crowned laughingthrush, trogons, Socorro doves, red-crested turacos, splendid sunbirds and red-and-yellow barbets. Outside the entrance is one of the pavilion's prominent features, a large elaborate clock by Tim Hunkin.[56] It gives a bird-themed display every thirty minutes throughout the day.[57]

Gibbon Habitat edit

The Gibbon Habitat is a new enclosure for the zoo's two gibbons with two viewing points: one at ground level near the camel paddock, and one at a higher level from Tiger Territory. Of the pair of males, one is a northern white-cheeked gibbon and the other is a hybrid species. They were originally housed in Gorilla Kingdom.

Meerkats and Otters edit

Meerkats and Otters, formerly called Happy Families, features two enclosures. One houses Asian small-clawed otters and the other houses meerkats. The exhibit was originally created to house meerkats, otters, European forest reindeer and Goeldi's monkeys. The reindeer were later moved to Whipsnade Zoo and the monkeys were moved into the zoo's Rainforest Life building.

Three Island Pond edit

Three Island Pond was only given exhibit status in 2021. This artificially shaped pond is named after the three islands that are in it. It is split into two enclosures: one houses greater flamingos and the other Eastern white pelicans.

Others edit

Other notable animals in London Zoo's collection include Bactrian camels, military macaws, hyacinth macaws, blue-throated macaws and Alaotran gentle lemurs.

The zoo's north bank, north of the canal, formerly housed the bird incubation and rearing unit. The area is currently undeveloped.

Subsidised entry edit

London Zoo in 2019 set up a Community Access Scheme which was to offer 100,000 subsidised tickets to charities and similar groups working with low income families, the elderly, and the disabled, intended to run until 2023.[58] This started with a grant from the National Lottery Heritage Fund to convert the Snowdon Aviary to a colobus monkey enclosure.[59] The scheme was successful and was later extended to allow anyone who received certain benefits to buy tickets for £3,[60] about a tenth of the full price, leading to visits by thousands of families, and long queues which were controlled by requiring pre-booking and capping numbers. There were complaints about the crowds from some visitors not on benefits.[59]

As of February 2023 the Zoo was trying to ensure that the £3 tickets were not cannibalising demand for full-price ones, but intended to maintain the £3 scheme if further funding became available. The director general of the Zoological Society of London described the result of the scheme as a "brilliant development", despite the queues and challenges.[59]

Notable past animals edit

 
The only photographs taken of a living quagga were taken of a mare at London Zoo between 1864 and 1870.

Throughout its history, the zoo has had many well-known residents. These may have been scientifically important individuals or simply beloved by the public.

Old Martin was a large grizzly bear, the first in Britain, moved to the zoo with many other animals from the Royal Menagerie, Tower of London when it was closed in 1832.[61][62]

The zoo was home to the only living quagga ever to be photographed, before the species became extinct in the wild due to hunting in southern Africa in about 1870. Another now extinct species the zoo held was a number of thylacines, or "Tasmanian tigers".[63]

 
Jumbo giving a ride to children at the zoo. The Illustrated London News, 1882

Obaysch was the first hippopotamus to be seen in Europe since the Roman Empire, and the first in England since prehistoric times. The hippo arrived at London Zoo in May 1850 as a gift from the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt in exchange for some greyhounds and deerhounds. Obaysch led to a doubling of the zoo's visitors that year.[64]

In 1865, Jumbo, the largest elephant known at the time, was transferred to the zoo from Jardin des Plantes in Paris. His name, possibly from Jambo, Swahili for hello, became an epithet for anything of large size, such as Boeing's 747 Jumbo jet. Jumbo became a crowd favourite due to his size, and would give rides to children on his back, including those of Queen Victoria. The sale of Jumbo sent the citizens of London into a panic, and 100,000 school children wrote to the Queen begging her to stop the sale.[65] He was sold to Phineas Barnum's circus, the Barnum & Bailey Circus, in 1882, where he was later crushed by a locomotive and killed.[66]

 
This sculpture at the zoo marks where A. A. Milne took his son to see the amiable bear Winnipeg that inspired Milne to write Winnie-the-Pooh.[67]

Winnipeg the Bear (or Winnie) was an American black bear given to the zoo in 1914 by a Canadian lieutenant, Harry Colebourn. A. A. Milne visited with his son Christopher Robin, and the boy was so enamoured with the bear Milne wrote the famous series of books for him entitled Winnie-the-Pooh.[63] A 2004 film A Bear Named Winnie is based on the story of Winnie the bear, with Michael Fassbender playing Harry Colebourn.[68]

Mo Koundje ('Mok'), a western lowland gorilla, was purchased by the zoo in 1932. A new gorilla house was designed for him by Berthold Lubetkin. Mok died of Bright's disease in 1938. His skeleton and skin were purchased by Leeds Museums and Galleries and are on display in Leeds, UK at Leeds City Museum and Leeds Discovery Centre.[69]

 
A bronze statue of Guy in Barclay Court

Guy, a western lowland gorilla, arrived at the zoo on Guy Fawkes Night (hence the name) 1947 from Paris Zoo, and lived at the zoo until his death in 1978. Over his 32-year life, he became one of the zoo's best-loved residents.[70] After years of trying to find a mate, in 1969 five-year-old Lomie arrived from Chessington Zoo. They were kept separated for a year to adjust to each other, until they were finally united. Although they got on well together they never produced any offspring. In 1982 Guy was commemorated by a bronze statue in Barclay Court, sculpted by William Timym.[70]

Dumbo (born 1948) was a female Indian elephant who lived at London Zoo during the 1950s and was well known for her fondness for sweets.[71] Her parents were killed by hunters, and she was transported from India to England by air, where she spent her adult life giving rides to the children.[72] Dumbo was named after the eponymous Disney character because she was the first elephant to travel by airplane. In 1958 she was transferred to Moscow Zoo in return for four endangered snow leopards.[73] At some point between 1962 and 1971, Dumbo was acquired by circus performer Dolly Jacobs, but by 1978 she had been sold to Hollywood circus producer Paul V. Kaye and was living in California with three other elephants.[74]

On 27 November 1949, Brumas became the first polar bear to be successfully bred at the zoo, and immediately became a major attraction with the public. This led to the zoo's annual attendance to rise to over 3 million in 1950 - a figure that has yet to be topped. Although a female, the press reported that she was a 'he' and this was not corrected at the time, leading the public to believe the bear was a male.[63] Eighteen years later, on 1 December 1967 the second polar bear bred at the zoo, this time a male, was born. He was named Pipaluk (a Greenlandic Inuit feminine given name meaning little one or sweet little thing) but, in 1985, had to leave the zoo when the Mappin Terraces closed.

One of the zoo's most famous giant pandas, Chi Chi, arrived in 1958. Although originally destined for an American zoo, Washington, D.C. had ceased all trade with communist China and so Chi Chi was refused entry to the United States. In the interests of conservation, ZSL had stated they would not encourage the collection of wild pandas. However, when it was pointed out that Chi Chi had already been collected, her purchase was approved, and she immediately become the star attraction at London Zoo. As the only giant panda in the west she was the inspiration of Peter Scott's design for the World Wildlife Fund logo.[75][76] In July 1972, Chi Chi died and was publicly mourned.[17] The zoo's last giant panda was Ming Ming. She arrived in 1991 on a breeding loan from China. After unsuccessful breeding attempts with Berlin's Zoo giant panda Bao Bao it had been decided to return Ming Ming to China, leaving the London Zoo without a giant panda since the end of October 1994. Zoo staff later suggested that Chinese zookeepers knew that she was infertile and lent her in order to hide how much more advanced Western husbandry techniques were compared to theirs.[77]

On 31 January 1996 Turgi, who was the last Partula turgida, died in his habitat.

For four days in late August 2005, the zoo ran an exhibit entitled the Human zoo, which put eight humans on display in the Mappin Terraces. The idea behind the exhibit was to demonstrate the basic nature of man as an animal and examine the impact we have on the animal kingdom.[78][79]

Architecture edit

 
Penguin Pool a Grade I listed building
 
Penguin Pool

Since its earliest days, the zoo has prided itself on appointing leading architects to design its buildings. Today, it holds two Grade I and eight Grade II listed structures.[80]

The initial grounds were laid out in 1828 by Decimus Burton, the zoo's first official architect from 1826 to 1841, made famous for his work on the London Colosseum and Marble Arch.[17] Burton's work began with the Clock Tower in 1828 above what was then the llama house, which today is the first aid kiosk.[80] In 1830 the East Tunnel, which linked the north and south parts of the zoo together for the first time, was completed, which also acted as a bomb shelter during the Second World War.[26] Burton concluded his work in 1837 with the Giraffe House, which, due to its functional design, still remains in use as the zoo's giraffe enclosure in the Into Africa exhibit.[26]

The earliest surviving exhibit is the Ravens' Cage, an ornate ironwork aviary now retained as a monument. The Ravens' Cage was installed in 1829, soon after the zoo first opened. Its location on the grounds has changed over time, and several refurbishments have been required because of weather damage.

The Eastern Aviary, along the eastern boundary currently holding parrot and birds of prey, was built in 1863 with a hooped tubular steel frame. Refurbishment occurred in 1989 using 'invisible' wire.

The Stork and Ostrich House, built in 1896, can still be seen as holding pens behind the current Bird Safari exhibit. Victorian structures that have been demolished over time included the Lion House, Monkey House, Carnivore Terrace, and Elephant and Rhino House.

After Burton, Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell and John James Joass were appointed to design the Mappin Terraces. Completed in 1914, the Mappin Terraces imitates a mountain landscape to provide a naturalistic habitat for bears and other mountain wildlife. In 1933 the Round House, designed by Berthold Lubetkin's Tecton Architectural Group to house gorillas, was one of the first modernist style buildings to be built in Britain. The following year the Penguin Pool also designed by Tecton, was opened; both now grade I listed.[81] The Modernist dual concrete spiral ramps of the Penguin Pool have made it famous as a piece of modern architecture, but in 2004 the African penguins were moved out of the pool permanently following 'bumblefoot' infections in the birds caused by micro-abrasions from walking on the concrete.[82][83]

The Snowdon Aviary, built-in 1964 by Cedric Price, Lord Snowdon and Frank Newby, made pioneering use of aluminium and tension for support. A year later the Casson Pavilion, designed by Sir Hugh Casson and Neville Conder, was opened as an elephant and rhinoceros house.[26] The Pavilion was commissioned "to display these massive animals in the most dramatic way" and designed to evoke a herd of elephants gathered around a watering hole.[31]

Many of these buildings are available on a private hire basis for events,[84] as well as a number of the animal houses. The profits from use of spaces at the zoo are re-invested directly back into the society.

In popular culture edit

In film and television edit

 
Harry Potter with a Burmese python in the Reptile House
Audio description of the London Zoo by Andrew Sachs.

Many films and television programmes have made use of London Zoo as a film set.[85]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . zsl.org. ZSL. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 3 March 2008.
  2. ^ "Animal inventory". Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
  3. ^ "BIAZA Zoos and Aquariums". biaza.org.uk. BIAZA. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  4. ^ "EAZA Member Zoos & Aquariums". eaza.net. EAZA. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  5. ^ "Zoos and Aquariums of the World". waza.org. WAZA. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  6. ^ "ALVA - Association of Leading Visitor Attractions". www.alva.org.uk. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i . ZSL. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  8. ^ Waliczek, Tina Marie (6 January 2016). Urban Horticulture. CRC Press. p. 150. doi:10.1201/b19618. ISBN 9781482261004. OCLC 1002261405. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  9. ^ "April 27". Today in Science History. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  10. ^ a b "ZSL Animal Inventory" (PDF). ZSL. 31 December 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  11. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2023.
  12. ^ "Google Maps". Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  13. ^ . ZSL. 30 October 2001. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  14. ^ "Elephants leave London". BBC News. 1 November 2001. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  15. ^ a b c . ZSL. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  16. ^ (PDF). ZSL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k . Good Zoos. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  18. ^ "London Zoo". Places to Go. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
  19. ^ Shaw, Heather (2 March 2015). "Amazing Women from ZSL's History". ZSL London Zoo.
  20. ^ "ZSL London Zoo during World War Two". London Zoo. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  21. ^ "It could be Zoo..." ZSL. 4 October 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  22. ^ "TELEVISION / An original of the species: Mark Lawson praises Molly". The Independent. 10 February 1993. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  23. ^ "ZSL London Zoo will open its gates to visitors on Monday 15th June for the first time since its historic closure on Saturday 21st March - after months of lost revenue put the oldest scientific zoo in the world in a perilous position". London Zoo. 10 June 2020.
  24. ^ "Venues". London Zoo. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  25. ^ "Animal inventory". Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
  26. ^ a b c d e f . ZSL. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  27. ^ "London Zoo History". ZSL London Zoo. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  28. ^ "ZSL London Zoo 'unwraps' Snowdon Aviary". London Zoo. 30 July 2021.
  29. ^ "Land of the Lions". ZSL London Zoo. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  30. ^ "Land of the Lions". Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
  31. ^ a b Wainwright, Oliver (20 March 2013). "London Zoo's new Tiger Territory: built for the animals first, and visitors second". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  32. ^ . www.zsl.org. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012.
  33. ^ "Pig ugly". Zoological Society of London (ZSL). Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  34. ^ "Gorilla Kingdom". Zoological Society of London (ZSL). Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  35. ^ "Malcolm Fitzpatrick, Curator of Mammals". ZSL. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  36. ^ "History of London Zoo". ZSL London Zoo. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  37. ^ "It's all change at the London Zoo aquarium". ZSL London Zoo. ZSL. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  38. ^ "London Zoo shuts as fire hits buildings". BBC News. 23 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  39. ^ "ZSL London Zoo statement - 23 December 2017". Zoological Society of London (ZSL). Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  40. ^ . Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  41. ^ "Galapagos Tortoises". Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
  42. ^ "Komodo Dragons Arrive". ZSL. 2 August 2004. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  43. ^ "London Zoo: New Komodo dragon unveiled for Land of the Giants exhibition [video]". International Business Times UK. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  44. ^ "Komodo Dragon". Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
  45. ^ "Catch up with the B.U.G.S!". ZSL. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  46. ^ "Bachelor penguin Ricky moving to ZSL Whipsnade Zoo for love". Zoological Society of London (ZSL). 15 March 2017.
  47. ^ "Penguin Beach". Zoological Society of London (ZSL). Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  48. ^ "ZootierlisteHomepage". www.zootierliste.de. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  49. ^ "Meet the Monkeys Walkthrough". ZSL. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  50. ^ "A revolutionary new monkey walkthrough at London Zoo". ZSL. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  51. ^ "Butterfly Paradise". ZSL. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  52. ^ "Pupae Breeding Room". ZSL. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  53. ^ a b "African Bird Sarafi". ZSL. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  54. ^ "Pitter Patter of Webbed Feet at ZSL London Zoo". ZSL. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
  55. ^ "Blackburn Pavilion". ZSL. Retrieved 3 March 2008.
  56. ^ "London Zoo Clock 2008". Tim Hunkin.
  57. ^ "Blackburn Pavilion". Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
  58. ^ Wren, James (28 November 2019). "Community access scheme hands out subsidised tickets to London Zoo to charities in Camden and Westminster". Ham & High.
  59. ^ a b c Gould, Matthew (3 March 2023). "Letting thousands of poorer families into London Zoo for £3 has changed us for ever". The Guardian.
  60. ^ "Community Access Scheme". London Zoo. 16 February 2023. from the original on 20 February 2023.
  61. ^ Spragg, Iain (23 May 2014). "A Grizzly Sight, 1811". London's Strangest Tales: Historic Royal Palaces: Extraordinary but True Stories. Pavilion Books. ISBN 978-1-84994-189-1. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  62. ^ . www.hrp.org.uk. Historic Royal Palaces. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  63. ^ a b c . ZSL. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  64. ^ Cusack, Andrew (24 December 2007). "Obaysch the Hippo". Archived from the original on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  65. ^ The Elephant War (1960) by Gillian Avery is a historical novel featuring the protest movement based in Oxford.
  66. ^ "London Zoo". Victorian London. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  67. ^ "The bear who inspired Winnie-the-Pooh". Zoological Society of London. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  68. ^ Ferguson, John. "A Bear Named Winnie – review". Radio Times. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  69. ^ "Mok the Gorilla". My Learning. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  70. ^ a b . ZSL. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  71. ^ Book of Knowledge 1953, vol. 2
  72. ^ "A Quadruple Footache". LIFE magazine. 15 March 1954. p. 128 – via Google Books.
  73. ^ "Lincoln Journal Star from Lincoln, Nebraska on August 19, 1958 · Page 26". newspapers.com. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  74. ^ "Circus report 1978" (PDF). circushistory.org. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  75. ^ Strategic management for voluntary nonprofit organizations. Routledge. 2002. ISBN 9780415250238. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
  76. ^ "Giant Panda | Species | WWF". World Wildlife Fund.
  77. ^ Knight, Sam (25 August 2015). "Everything you always wanted to know about panda sex (but were afraid to ask)". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
  78. ^ "Humans strip bare for zoo exhibit". BBC News. 25 August 2005. Retrieved 3 March 2008.
  79. ^ "The Human Zoo". ZSL. 17 August 2005. Retrieved 3 March 2008.
  80. ^ a b . ZSL. 15 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  81. ^ . Design Museum. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  82. ^ "Penguin Pool, London Zoo". Architectuul. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  83. ^ "The Uncertain Future of Lubetkin's Penguin Pool".
  84. ^ "Venue Hire at ZSL London Zoo". Zoological Society of London (ZSL). Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  85. ^ "Commercial Filming and Photography". ZSL. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  86. ^ Sabotage (1936) - IMDb, retrieved 12 September 2022
  87. ^ . Travel Guide London. 31 December 2007. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  88. ^ "Reelstreets | Bedazzled (1967)". www.reelstreets.com.
  89. ^ Watkins, Jack (12 June 2017). "How we made An American Werewolf in London". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  90. ^ "Turtle Diary - Film review". Time Out London. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  91. ^ . BFI. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  92. ^ Jack Malvern (20 October 2007). "They're back for one more bender: Withnail and I get together again". Times Online. London. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  93. ^ . IGN. 15 November 2000. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  94. ^ . Movie Locations. Archived from the original on 25 May 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2008.

Further reading edit

  • Wilfrid Blunt, The Ark in the Park: The Zoo in the Nineteenth Century (Hamish Hamilton, 1976).

External links edit

  • London Zoo
  • (archived 12 May 2019)
  • London Zoo in the 19th century
  • Zoo Village

london, previously, known, logical, gardens, sometimes, called, regent, park, world, oldest, scientific, opened, london, april, 1828, originally, intended, used, collection, scientific, study, 1831, 1832, animals, tower, london, menagerie, were, transferred, c. London Zoo previously known as ZSL London Zoo or London Zoological Gardens and sometimes called Regent s Park Zoo is the world s oldest scientific zoo 7 8 It was opened in London on 27 April 1828 9 and was originally intended to be used as a collection for scientific study In 1831 or 1832 the animals of the Tower of London menagerie were transferred to the zoo s collection It was opened to the public in 1847 7 As of December 2022 it houses a collection of 14 926 individuals making it one of the largest collections in the United Kingdom 10 11 London ZooLogo as it appears on 2021 online map51 32 08 N 00 09 21 W 51 53556 N 0 15583 W 51 53556 0 15583Date opened27 April 1828 195 years ago 1828 04 27 LocationRegent s ParkLondon NW1United KingdomLand area36 acres 15 ha 1 No of animals19 289 2018 2 No of species673 2018 Annual visitors1 078 519 2019 6 MembershipsBIAZA 3 EAZA 4 WAZA 5 Major exhibitsGorilla Kingdom Animal Adventure Blackburn Pavilion Clore Rainforest Lookout Into Africa Tiger territory Land of the Lions and Penguin Beach Websitewww wbr londonzoo wbr orgIt is managed under the aegis of the Zoological Society of London established in 1826 7 and is situated at the northern edge of Regent s Park on the boundary line between the City of Westminster and the borough of Camden the Regent s Canal runs through it 12 The Society also has a more spacious site at Whipsnade Zoo in Bedfordshire to which the larger animals such as elephants and rhinos have been moved 13 14 As well as being the first scientific zoo London Zoo also opened the first reptile house 1849 first public aquarium 1853 15 first insect house 1881 and the first children s zoo 1938 ZSL receives no state funding and relies on Fellows and Friends memberships entrance fees venue hire and sponsorship to generate income 16 17 Contents 1 History 1 1 1828 1938 1 2 Second World War 1939 1945 1 3 Since 1946 2 Areas and attractions 2 1 Monkey Valley 2 2 Land of the Lions 2 3 Tiger Territory 2 4 The Casson Pavilion 2 5 Gorilla Kingdom 2 6 Into Africa 2 7 Rainforest Life and Night Life 2 8 The Outback 2 9 The former Aquarium 2 10 Animal Adventure 2 11 The Reptile House 2 12 Giants of the Galapagos 2 13 The Attenborough Komodo Dragon House 2 14 Tiny Giants 2 15 Penguin Beach 2 16 In with the Lemurs 2 17 Meet the Monkeys 2 18 Butterfly Paradise 2 19 Bird Safari 2 20 Blackburn Pavilion 2 21 Gibbon Habitat 2 22 Meerkats and Otters 2 23 Three Island Pond 2 24 Others 3 Subsidised entry 4 Notable past animals 5 Architecture 6 In popular culture 6 1 In film and television 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory edit1828 1938 edit nbsp Bird s eye view drawing of the gardens of the Zoological Society circa 1828 nbsp 1835 painting of the camel house The Zoological Society of London ZSL was established by Sir Stamford Raffles and Sir Humphry Davy in 1826 7 who obtained the land for the zoo and saw the plans before Raffles died of apoplexy a stroke later that year on 5 July his birthday 17 After his death Henry Petty Fitzmaurice 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne took over the project and supervised the building of the first animal houses 17 The zoo opened in April 1828 to fellows of the Society 7 providing access to species such as Arabian oryx greater kudus orangutan and the now extinct quagga and thylacine 17 The Society was granted a royal charter in 1829 by King George IV and in 1847 the zoo opened to the public to aid funding 7 18 It was believed that tropical animals could not survive outside in London s cold weather so they were all kept indoors until 1902 when Peter Chalmers Mitchell was appointed secretary of the Society 17 He set about a major reorganisation of the buildings and enclosures of the zoo bringing many of the animals out into the open where many thrived This was an idea inspired by Hamburg Zoo and led to newer designs to many of the buildings 17 Mitchell also envisaged a new 600 acre 240 ha park to the north of London and in 1926 Hall Farm near to Whipsnade village was bought In 1931 Whipsnade Wild Animal Park the world s first open zoological park opened 7 The first woman to be a curator at London Zoo was Evelyn Cheesman in 1920 19 Second World War 1939 1945 edit After the start of the Second World War the London Zoo was closed multiple times for over a week the first time being from 11 00am on 3 September 1939 when all zoological places were closed by order of the government Valuable animals were transferred to Whipsnade Zoo during the war for safety On 27 September 1940 high explosive bombs damaged the Rodent house the Civet house the gardener s office the propagating sheds the North Gate and the Zebra house In January 1941 the Camel House was also hit and the aquarium could not open until May 1943 due to extensive bombing No animals were harmed during the incidents although a zebra a female ass and her foal escaped from the zoo during the bombings For safety reasons all venomous animals were killed at London Zoo Throughout the war members of the armed forces paid half price for entry and the wounded entered free of charge 20 Since 1946 edit In 1962 Caroline an Arabian oryx was lent to Phoenix Zoo Arizona US in the world s first international co operative breeding programme 7 Today the zoo participates in breeding programmes for over 130 species 7 In the 1980s London Zoo housed 8 000 animals of more than 900 species and in the 1990s the zoo possessed 7 000 animals of 850 species the next biggest collection in Britain was Chester Zoo with just under 3 500 animals Many of the species in London Zoo could not be seen anywhere else in the country such as the wombat Tasmanian devil or long nosed potoroo 17 Although this vast collection was part of the zoo s appeal it may also have been one of the main causes of its financial problems 17 This contributed to the zoo being faced with closure in the 1980s Due to the public change of attitude to animals kept in captivity and unsuitably cramped space the zoo also suffered dwindling visitor numbers However when it was announced that London Zoo would close in 1991 a swell of public support in visitors and donations allowed the zoo to continue its work attempt to balance its books and take on the huge task of restoring its buildings and creating environments more suitable for animal behaviour in the late 20th century 17 21 The BAFTA winning 1993 documentary series The Ark by Molly Dineen chronicled this period of time 22 One benefit of the swell of public support was the development of volunteer staff Employed by both Education and Animal care these volunteers give one day a week to assist the running of London Zoo and can be recognised by their red pullovers citation needed During the covid epidemic that started in 2020 the zoo closed from 21 March to 15 June 2021 causing a perilous financial position due to loss of revenue 23 The Snowdon Aviary was redeveloped as Monkey Valley opening in 2022 Areas and attractions edit nbsp Three great white pelicans in their enclosureThe Zoo has many named areas and attractions Several of them are available for hire outside the zoo s opening hours including The Terrace Penguin Beach Tiny Giants Land of the Lions Tiger Territory and Attenborough Komodo Dragon House 24 Group Number of species Number of individualsMammals 70 561Birds 99 671Reptiles 49 167Amphibians 20 726Fish 207 5818Invertebrates 228 11346Total 673 19289 25 Monkey Valley edit nbsp The Snowdon AviaryThe Snowdon Aviary was designed by Cedric Price Frank Newby and Antony Armstrong Jones 1st Earl of Snowdon built between 1962 and 1964 and opened in 1965 26 27 It was Britain s first public walk through aviary and primarily housed shorebirds such as gulls and ibis It is constructed with a pyramidal aluminium framework reaching 21m high In 2021 the aviary was re developed into a walkthrough enclosure called Monkey Valley which opened to the public in August 2022 and houses a troop of eastern black and white colobus monkeys 28 The structure is now heritage listed Land of the Lions edit Land of the Lions is London Zoo s Asiatic lion enclosure opened in 2016 29 It covers 2 500 square metres and is designed to resemble an Indian town on the edge of the Gir Forest National Park intended to demonstrate how the lion s natural habitat overlaps with local urban environments Hanuman langurs common dwarf mongooses and Ruppell s vultures are also displayed in this area 30 Tiger Territory edit Tiger Territory is London Zoo s Sumatran tiger enclosure designed by architect Michael Kozdon 31 and officially opened by the Duke of Edinburgh in March 2013 The zoo currently owns five tigers a male named Asim a female named Gaysha and their two cubs born in June 2022 named Zac and Crispin The enclosure is 2 500 square metres 27 000 square feet in size and features authentic Indonesian plant life 32 as well as a net canopy of 3mm steel cable supported by four metal poles 33 The Casson Pavilion edit The Casson Pavilion is one of the zoo s Grade II listed buildings and was designed by architect Sir Hugh Casson between 1962 and 1965 It was originally built to house rhinos and elephants but since the animals were moved to Whipsnade Zoo in 2001 after killing a keeper the building has housed camels and porcupines and was at one point in time part of Tiger Territory when it housed bearded pigs and Malayan tapirs It is now its own exhibit known as The Cassons and houses a family of red river hogs and a babirusa Gorilla Kingdom edit Opened by the Duke of Edinburgh in March 2007 Gorilla Kingdom consists of a moated island home to a group of western lowland gorillas The zoo currently owns 5 gorillas an adult male named Kiburi two adult females named Mjukuu and Effie an infant female named Alika the daughter of Mjukuu and former silverback Kumbuka born in December 2014 and an infant male named Gernot the son of Effie and former silverback Kumbuka born in November 2015 34 The Gorilla Kingdom area also features smaller enclosures housing white naped mangabeys Celebes crested macaques and Diana monkeys The exhibit also features a walk through aviary housing African birds Into Africa edit Into Africa is an Africa themed area opened in April 2006 35 Animals on display in this area include Chapman s zebras common warthogs okapis ostriches Rothschild s giraffes pygmy hippos African wild dogs and a Burchell s zebra London Zoo s Giraffe House was first built in 1837 and is the world s oldest zoo building that is still used for its original purpose The current giraffe enclosure features a high level viewing platform to give the public face to face contact with the giraffes The Giraffe House is heritage listed Rainforest Life and Night Life edit Rainforest Life is a walk through indoor exhibit that houses many species of South American rainforest animals Among the species in the main forest walk through are Linnaeus s two toed sloths golden lion tamarins red titi monkeys red faced spider monkeys big hairy armadillos Goeldi s marmosets southern tamandua golden headed lion tamarins red footed tortoises and Rodrigues flying foxes The building also has a darkened area called Nightlife which houses nocturnal animals such as Mohol bushbaby slender lorises West African pottos Malagasy giant rats aye ayes and blind cave fish The Outback edit The Mappin Terraces opened in 1913 26 and features an artificial rocky cliff made of concrete blocks for animal enrichment This was the zoo s first major attempt at recreating natural environments without bars influenced by European zoos such as Tierpark Hagenbeck and many different species have been kept in this enclosure during its lifetime including bears penguins sheep goats kangaroos leopards and wild boar The Mappin Terraces is currently an Australia themed exhibit called The Outback housing emus and red necked wallabies The former Aquarium edit nbsp Aquarium nbsp A copperband butterflyfish in the coral reef hallThere was an aquarium at the zoo from 1853 until 2019 The zoo s first aquarium was also the world s first public aquarium 15 and was created and stocked by Philip Henry Gosse who coined the word aquarium as a portmanteau of aquatic vivarium 15 In 1853 opened a building known as Fish House while the most recent aquarium was built in 1921 next to and beneath the Mappin Terraces and was officially opened by King George V and his wife Queen Mary in April 1924 The collection in 1853 included 58 fish species and 200 invertebrate species 36 The aquarium was separated into three halls each home to different types of fish and other aquatic wildlife The first hall primarily contained freshwater species such as rudd and European eels as well as some saltwater species involved in various conservation projects and captive breeding programmes such as broad sea fans uarus and seahorses The second hall displayed various species of coral reef fish from around the world such as clownfish copperband butterflyfish and regal tangs as well as real coral The third hall housed species native to the Amazon River including red bellied piranhas angelfish arapaimas and ocellate river stingrays As well as the three halls the aquarium also featured the Big Fish Tank which contained large fish species that were all former pets and had to be rescued because their owners did not have the proper equipment or understanding to look after them The dedicated London Aquarium unconnected with ZSL opened in 1997 The Zoo s smaller aquarium closed on 22 October 2019 some of the aquatic creatures were moved to a new aquarium at Whipsnade Zoo while others were set to be housed in a new corals exhibit in the Tiny Giants building in 2020 37 Animal Adventure edit Animal Adventure formerly called the Ambika Paul Children s Zoo opened in 2009 and is an area aimed primarily at children featuring playgrounds and a water fountain It was built after a child who loved visiting the zoo with her family Ambika Paul died from cancer Her parents donated 1 000 000 to the zoo to build a children s zoo in her honor Many of the animals in Animal Adventure are domestic animals such as llamas alpacas and goats as well as kunekune pigs Exotic species on display include Cape porcupines South American coatis and yellow mongooses At approximately 6am on Saturday 23 December 2017 a large fire started at Animal Adventure It was brought under control by 9 30am after spreading to the cafe shop there three quarters of which was estimated to have been severely damaged A nine year old aardvark named Misha was pronounced dead and four meerkats were declared unaccounted for and presumed dead The zoo reopened on Christmas Eve 38 39 The Reptile House edit One of London Zoo s most well known buildings the Reptile House opened in 1927 and was designed by Joan Beauchamp Procter and Sir Edward Guy Dawber 26 It houses several species of reptile including Jamaican boa Philippine crocodiles Annam leaf turtles Fiji banded iguanas northern caiman lizards puff adders king cobras and emerald tree boas In December 2012 a refurbished amphibian section was opened to the public displaying amphibians such as Chinese giant salamanders axolotls African bullfrogs Lake Oku clawed frogs White s tree frogs and various types of poison dart frog 40 Giants of the Galapagos edit Giants of the Galapagos was opened in 2009 to coincide with the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin 41 and is home to three female Galapagos giant tortoises named Dolly Polly and Priscilla The exhibit features a large indoor area with a heated pond and underfloor heating while the outdoor paddock has been designed to mimic the tortoise s natural environment and features two heated pools one of which is a naturalistic clay wallow The Attenborough Komodo Dragon House edit nbsp Raja the male Komodo dragonLondon Zoo s Komodo dragon enclosure was opened by Sir David Attenborough in July 2004 42 The zoo used to own two Komodo dragons a female named Rinka and a male named Raja Raja was filmed in his exhibit for an action sequence in the 2012 James Bond film Skyfall 43 A new male dragon called Ganas one of the parthenogenic hatchlings from Chester Zoo moved to London in 2015 after the previous dragons died Their enclosure is designed to resemble the dragon s natural habitat of a dry river bed and sounds of Indonesian birds are regularly played into the enclosure 44 Tiny Giants edit Tiny Giants formerly called B U G S is an exhibit featuring invertebrates and fish It is held in a building called The Millennium Conservation Centre and the building displays over 160 species including western honey bees leafcutter ants emperor scorpions golden orb weavers Madagascar orb weavers Mexican redknee tarantulas bird eating spiders desert locusts moon jellyfish partula snails and many others It also features a large coral reef aquarium with corals and over 200 reef fish The Millennium Conservation Centre aims to be environmentally friendly constructed from materials requiring little energy to produce and generating its heating from the body heat of both the animals and visitors In May 2015 an exhibit called In With the Spiders opened in the exhibit as Europe s first and only spider walkthrough exhibit It houses many different types of spiders including one of the United Kingdom s most endangered animals the fen raft spider 45 as well as golden orb weavers Penguin Beach edit Penguin Beach opened on 26 May 2011 and houses Humboldt penguins A single male northern rockhopper penguin named Ricky also lived there until he was moved to Whipsnade Zoo in March 2017 46 The pool itself is the largest penguin pool containing penguins in an English zoo 47 In with the Lemurs edit Opened in March 2015 In with the Lemurs is a walk through exhibit housing a group of ring tailed lemurs and Lac Alaotra bamboo lemurs It also has a family of aye ayes living in the indoor section as well as lesser hedgehog tenrecs 48 The exhibit is designed to resemble a shrub forest in Madagascar featuring plant life such as loquat and Chusan palm trees Meet the Monkeys edit Opened by comedians Noel Fielding and Julian Barratt of The Mighty Boosh in 2005 49 Meet the Monkeys is a walk through enclosure that houses a troop of black capped squirrel monkeys The exhibit has no roof and there are no boundaries between the monkeys and the visitors It is the southernmost enclosure in the zoo 50 Butterfly Paradise edit nbsp An atlas moth in Butterfly ParadiseOpened in May 2006 Butterfly Paradise houses several different species of butterfly and moth from around the world as well as plant species specially selected to provide nectar and breeding areas for the insects 51 Species on display include the clipper butterfly blue morpho butterfly atlas moth zebra longwing glasswing butterfly and postman butterfly 10 The exhibit also features a caterpillar hatchery and a pupa display cabinet where visitors can witness different types of pupae and the development of new butterflies 52 Bird Safari edit The Bird Safari opened in 2005 as a redevelopment of the old stork and ostrich house replacing enclosures that were out of date by modern zoo keeping standards 53 It is a walk through exhibit housing various species of birds including waldrapp ibises Abdim s storks Fischer s turacos hamerkops white faced whistling ducks and blue bellied rollers 53 54 Blackburn Pavilion edit The Blackburn Pavilion is a rainforest themed tropical bird aviary that opened in March 2008 as a refurbishment of the zoo s outdated bird house 55 It rejuvenated the bird house by adding a walk through element The building was originally constructed in 1883 as a reptile house The pavilion houses 50 different species of exotic rainforest birds including blue crowned laughingthrush trogons Socorro doves red crested turacos splendid sunbirds and red and yellow barbets Outside the entrance is one of the pavilion s prominent features a large elaborate clock by Tim Hunkin 56 It gives a bird themed display every thirty minutes throughout the day 57 Gibbon Habitat edit The Gibbon Habitat is a new enclosure for the zoo s two gibbons with two viewing points one at ground level near the camel paddock and one at a higher level from Tiger Territory Of the pair of males one is a northern white cheeked gibbon and the other is a hybrid species They were originally housed in Gorilla Kingdom Meerkats and Otters edit Meerkats and Otters formerly called Happy Families features two enclosures One houses Asian small clawed otters and the other houses meerkats The exhibit was originally created to house meerkats otters European forest reindeer and Goeldi s monkeys The reindeer were later moved to Whipsnade Zoo and the monkeys were moved into the zoo s Rainforest Life building Three Island Pond edit Three Island Pond was only given exhibit status in 2021 This artificially shaped pond is named after the three islands that are in it It is split into two enclosures one houses greater flamingos and the other Eastern white pelicans Others edit Other notable animals in London Zoo s collection include Bactrian camels military macaws hyacinth macaws blue throated macaws and Alaotran gentle lemurs The zoo s north bank north of the canal formerly housed the bird incubation and rearing unit The area is currently undeveloped Subsidised entry editLondon Zoo in 2019 set up a Community Access Scheme which was to offer 100 000 subsidised tickets to charities and similar groups working with low income families the elderly and the disabled intended to run until 2023 58 This started with a grant from the National Lottery Heritage Fund to convert the Snowdon Aviary to a colobus monkey enclosure 59 The scheme was successful and was later extended to allow anyone who received certain benefits to buy tickets for 3 60 about a tenth of the full price leading to visits by thousands of families and long queues which were controlled by requiring pre booking and capping numbers There were complaints about the crowds from some visitors not on benefits 59 As of February 2023 update the Zoo was trying to ensure that the 3 tickets were not cannibalising demand for full price ones but intended to maintain the 3 scheme if further funding became available The director general of the Zoological Society of London described the result of the scheme as a brilliant development despite the queues and challenges 59 Notable past animals edit nbsp The only photographs taken of a living quagga were taken of a mare at London Zoo between 1864 and 1870 Throughout its history the zoo has had many well known residents These may have been scientifically important individuals or simply beloved by the public Old Martin was a large grizzly bear the first in Britain moved to the zoo with many other animals from the Royal Menagerie Tower of London when it was closed in 1832 61 62 The zoo was home to the only living quagga ever to be photographed before the species became extinct in the wild due to hunting in southern Africa in about 1870 Another now extinct species the zoo held was a number of thylacines or Tasmanian tigers 63 nbsp Jumbo giving a ride to children at the zoo The Illustrated London News 1882Obaysch was the first hippopotamus to be seen in Europe since the Roman Empire and the first in England since prehistoric times The hippo arrived at London Zoo in May 1850 as a gift from the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt in exchange for some greyhounds and deerhounds Obaysch led to a doubling of the zoo s visitors that year 64 In 1865 Jumbo the largest elephant known at the time was transferred to the zoo from Jardin des Plantes in Paris His name possibly from Jambo Swahili for hello became an epithet for anything of large size such as Boeing s 747 Jumbo jet Jumbo became a crowd favourite due to his size and would give rides to children on his back including those of Queen Victoria The sale of Jumbo sent the citizens of London into a panic and 100 000 school children wrote to the Queen begging her to stop the sale 65 He was sold to Phineas Barnum s circus the Barnum amp Bailey Circus in 1882 where he was later crushed by a locomotive and killed 66 nbsp This sculpture at the zoo marks where A A Milne took his son to see the amiable bear Winnipeg that inspired Milne to write Winnie the Pooh 67 Winnipeg the Bear or Winnie was an American black bear given to the zoo in 1914 by a Canadian lieutenant Harry Colebourn A A Milne visited with his son Christopher Robin and the boy was so enamoured with the bear Milne wrote the famous series of books for him entitled Winnie the Pooh 63 A 2004 film A Bear Named Winnie is based on the story of Winnie the bear with Michael Fassbender playing Harry Colebourn 68 Mo Koundje Mok a western lowland gorilla was purchased by the zoo in 1932 A new gorilla house was designed for him by Berthold Lubetkin Mok died of Bright s disease in 1938 His skeleton and skin were purchased by Leeds Museums and Galleries and are on display in Leeds UK at Leeds City Museum and Leeds Discovery Centre 69 nbsp A bronze statue of Guy in Barclay CourtGuy a western lowland gorilla arrived at the zoo on Guy Fawkes Night hence the name 1947 from Paris Zoo and lived at the zoo until his death in 1978 Over his 32 year life he became one of the zoo s best loved residents 70 After years of trying to find a mate in 1969 five year old Lomie arrived from Chessington Zoo They were kept separated for a year to adjust to each other until they were finally united Although they got on well together they never produced any offspring In 1982 Guy was commemorated by a bronze statue in Barclay Court sculpted by William Timym 70 Dumbo born 1948 was a female Indian elephant who lived at London Zoo during the 1950s and was well known for her fondness for sweets 71 Her parents were killed by hunters and she was transported from India to England by air where she spent her adult life giving rides to the children 72 Dumbo was named after the eponymous Disney character because she was the first elephant to travel by airplane In 1958 she was transferred to Moscow Zoo in return for four endangered snow leopards 73 At some point between 1962 and 1971 Dumbo was acquired by circus performer Dolly Jacobs but by 1978 she had been sold to Hollywood circus producer Paul V Kaye and was living in California with three other elephants 74 On 27 November 1949 Brumas became the first polar bear to be successfully bred at the zoo and immediately became a major attraction with the public This led to the zoo s annual attendance to rise to over 3 million in 1950 a figure that has yet to be topped Although a female the press reported that she was a he and this was not corrected at the time leading the public to believe the bear was a male 63 Eighteen years later on 1 December 1967 the second polar bear bred at the zoo this time a male was born He was named Pipaluk a Greenlandic Inuit feminine given name meaning little one or sweet little thing but in 1985 had to leave the zoo when the Mappin Terraces closed One of the zoo s most famous giant pandas Chi Chi arrived in 1958 Although originally destined for an American zoo Washington D C had ceased all trade with communist China and so Chi Chi was refused entry to the United States In the interests of conservation ZSL had stated they would not encourage the collection of wild pandas However when it was pointed out that Chi Chi had already been collected her purchase was approved and she immediately become the star attraction at London Zoo As the only giant panda in the west she was the inspiration of Peter Scott s design for the World Wildlife Fund logo 75 76 In July 1972 Chi Chi died and was publicly mourned 17 The zoo s last giant panda was Ming Ming She arrived in 1991 on a breeding loan from China After unsuccessful breeding attempts with Berlin s Zoo giant panda Bao Bao it had been decided to return Ming Ming to China leaving the London Zoo without a giant panda since the end of October 1994 Zoo staff later suggested that Chinese zookeepers knew that she was infertile and lent her in order to hide how much more advanced Western husbandry techniques were compared to theirs 77 On 31 January 1996 Turgi who was the last Partula turgida died in his habitat For four days in late August 2005 the zoo ran an exhibit entitled the Human zoo which put eight humans on display in the Mappin Terraces The idea behind the exhibit was to demonstrate the basic nature of man as an animal and examine the impact we have on the animal kingdom 78 79 Architecture edit nbsp Penguin Pool a Grade I listed building nbsp Penguin PoolSince its earliest days the zoo has prided itself on appointing leading architects to design its buildings Today it holds two Grade I and eight Grade II listed structures 80 The initial grounds were laid out in 1828 by Decimus Burton the zoo s first official architect from 1826 to 1841 made famous for his work on the London Colosseum and Marble Arch 17 Burton s work began with the Clock Tower in 1828 above what was then the llama house which today is the first aid kiosk 80 In 1830 the East Tunnel which linked the north and south parts of the zoo together for the first time was completed which also acted as a bomb shelter during the Second World War 26 Burton concluded his work in 1837 with the Giraffe House which due to its functional design still remains in use as the zoo s giraffe enclosure in the Into Africa exhibit 26 The earliest surviving exhibit is the Ravens Cage an ornate ironwork aviary now retained as a monument The Ravens Cage was installed in 1829 soon after the zoo first opened Its location on the grounds has changed over time and several refurbishments have been required because of weather damage The Eastern Aviary along the eastern boundary currently holding parrot and birds of prey was built in 1863 with a hooped tubular steel frame Refurbishment occurred in 1989 using invisible wire The Stork and Ostrich House built in 1896 can still be seen as holding pens behind the current Bird Safari exhibit Victorian structures that have been demolished over time included the Lion House Monkey House Carnivore Terrace and Elephant and Rhino House After Burton Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell and John James Joass were appointed to design the Mappin Terraces Completed in 1914 the Mappin Terraces imitates a mountain landscape to provide a naturalistic habitat for bears and other mountain wildlife In 1933 the Round House designed by Berthold Lubetkin s Tecton Architectural Group to house gorillas was one of the first modernist style buildings to be built in Britain The following year the Penguin Pool also designed by Tecton was opened both now grade I listed 81 The Modernist dual concrete spiral ramps of the Penguin Pool have made it famous as a piece of modern architecture but in 2004 the African penguins were moved out of the pool permanently following bumblefoot infections in the birds caused by micro abrasions from walking on the concrete 82 83 The Snowdon Aviary built in 1964 by Cedric Price Lord Snowdon and Frank Newby made pioneering use of aluminium and tension for support A year later the Casson Pavilion designed by Sir Hugh Casson and Neville Conder was opened as an elephant and rhinoceros house 26 The Pavilion was commissioned to display these massive animals in the most dramatic way and designed to evoke a herd of elephants gathered around a watering hole 31 Many of these buildings are available on a private hire basis for events 84 as well as a number of the animal houses The profits from use of spaces at the zoo are re invested directly back into the society In popular culture editIn film and television edit nbsp Harry Potter with a Burmese python in the Reptile House source source Audio description of the London Zoo by Andrew Sachs Many films and television programmes have made use of London Zoo as a film set 85 The Zoo and its Aquarium appear in Hitchcock s 1936 film Sabotage 86 In 1947 Carol Reed took his film crew and actors Ralph Richardson Michele Morgan and Bobby Henrey to London Zoo to film location scenes there for The Fallen Idol released in 1948 Scenes were filmed inside the lion house and the reptile house and on the Mappin Terraces Today the scenes give an historic view of what the zoo looked like in the immediate post war years citation needed A scene from the film The Pumpkin Eater 1964 with Anne Bancroft and James Mason was also set at the zoo 87 In 1967 part of Dudley Moore and Peter Cook s movie Bedazzled was filmed at the zoo 88 The opening sequence for series 3 and 4 of the 1973 ITV Thames television show Man About The House was filmed in the London Zoological Gardens During An American Werewolf in London 1981 the lead character David Kessler played by David Naughton woke up naked in the wolves enclosure Several other animals are also seen and one can clearly see the old caged enclosures of the tigers and apes 89 Part of the film Turtle Diary 1985 based on the novel by Russell Hoban and starring Ben Kingsley and Glenda Jackson was also filmed here the film follows a plan to help two of the turtles escape from the zoo 90 91 In the final scene from the film Withnail and I 1987 a sad Withnail is shown standing in the pouring rain next to the former wolf enclosure declaiming the speech What a piece of work is a man from Hamlet 92 In the Disney remake 101 Dalmatians 1996 the main villain Cruella DeVil played by Glenn Close kills a white tiger from the London Zoo for its fur citation needed In 2000 93 the Burmese python scene from the film Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone 2001 was filmed at the zoo s Reptile House In reality the tank shown is typically home to smaller reptile species A plaque beside the enclosure commemorates the event 94 See also edit nbsp London portalReferences edit ZSL Corporate and Private Events zsl org ZSL Archived from the original on 20 February 2008 Retrieved 3 March 2008 Animal inventory Zoological Society of London ZSL BIAZA Zoos and Aquariums biaza org uk BIAZA Retrieved 24 April 2012 EAZA Member Zoos amp Aquariums eaza net EAZA Retrieved 24 April 2012 Zoos and Aquariums of the World waza org WAZA Retrieved 24 April 2012 ALVA Association of Leading Visitor Attractions www alva org uk Retrieved 23 October 2020 a b c d e f g h i ZSL s History ZSL Archived from the original on 28 February 2008 Retrieved 5 March 2008 Waliczek Tina Marie 6 January 2016 Urban Horticulture CRC Press p 150 doi 10 1201 b19618 ISBN 9781482261004 OCLC 1002261405 Retrieved 8 September 2023 April 27 Today in Science History Retrieved 5 March 2008 a b ZSL Animal Inventory PDF ZSL 31 December 2022 Retrieved 18 March 2023 Archive PDF Archived from the original PDF on 18 March 2023 Google Maps Retrieved 5 March 2008 London elephants to join friends at Whipsnade ZSL 30 October 2001 Archived from the original on 5 December 2008 Retrieved 5 March 2008 Elephants leave London BBC News 1 November 2001 Retrieved 5 March 2008 a b c The History of the Aquarium ZSL Archived from the original on 2 September 2012 Retrieved 6 March 2008 Volunteering at London Zoo and Whipsnade Wild Animal Park PDF ZSL Archived from the original PDF on 11 April 2008 Retrieved 5 March 2008 a b c d e f g h i j k London Zoo Good Zoos Archived from the original on 8 May 2012 Retrieved 5 March 2008 London Zoo Places to Go Retrieved 11 March 2008 Shaw Heather 2 March 2015 Amazing Women from ZSL s History ZSL London Zoo ZSL London Zoo during World War Two London Zoo Retrieved 3 March 2023 It could be Zoo ZSL 4 October 2007 Retrieved 5 March 2008 TELEVISION An original of the species Mark Lawson praises Molly The Independent 10 February 1993 Retrieved 18 June 2023 ZSL London Zoo will open its gates to visitors on Monday 15th June for the first time since its historic closure on Saturday 21st March after months of lost revenue put the oldest scientific zoo in the world in a perilous position London Zoo 10 June 2020 Venues London Zoo Retrieved 3 March 2023 Animal inventory Zoological Society of London ZSL a b c d e f ZSL Architecture ZSL Archived from the original on 28 February 2008 Retrieved 6 March 2008 London Zoo History ZSL London Zoo Retrieved 28 February 2023 ZSL London Zoo unwraps Snowdon Aviary London Zoo 30 July 2021 Land of the Lions ZSL London Zoo Retrieved 23 February 2023 Land of the Lions Zoological Society of London ZSL a b Wainwright Oliver 20 March 2013 London Zoo s new Tiger Territory built for the animals first and visitors second The Guardian Retrieved 20 March 2013 Tigers mark their Territory at the Zoo News ZSL London Zoo ZSL www zsl org Archived from the original on 14 November 2012 Pig ugly Zoological Society of London ZSL Retrieved 4 October 2020 Gorilla Kingdom Zoological Society of London ZSL Retrieved 4 October 2020 Malcolm Fitzpatrick Curator of Mammals ZSL Retrieved 7 March 2008 History of London Zoo ZSL London Zoo Retrieved 28 February 2023 It s all change at the London Zoo aquarium ZSL London Zoo ZSL Retrieved 19 November 2019 London Zoo shuts as fire hits buildings BBC News 23 December 2017 Retrieved 23 December 2017 ZSL London Zoo statement 23 December 2017 Zoological Society of London ZSL Retrieved 23 December 2017 Amphibian Wing Archived from the original on 17 January 2013 Retrieved 22 January 2013 Galapagos Tortoises Zoological Society of London ZSL Komodo Dragons Arrive ZSL 2 August 2004 Retrieved 7 March 2008 London Zoo New Komodo dragon unveiled for Land of the Giants exhibition video International Business Times UK 7 August 2015 Retrieved 4 October 2020 Komodo Dragon Zoological Society of London ZSL Catch up with the B U G S ZSL Retrieved 6 March 2008 Bachelor penguin Ricky moving to ZSL Whipsnade Zoo for love Zoological Society of London ZSL 15 March 2017 Penguin Beach Zoological Society of London ZSL Retrieved 3 March 2023 ZootierlisteHomepage www zootierliste de Retrieved 5 October 2020 Meet the Monkeys Walkthrough ZSL Retrieved 7 March 2008 A revolutionary new monkey walkthrough at London Zoo ZSL Retrieved 7 March 2008 Butterfly Paradise ZSL Retrieved 5 March 2008 Pupae Breeding Room ZSL Retrieved 6 March 2008 a b African Bird Sarafi ZSL Retrieved 5 March 2008 Pitter Patter of Webbed Feet at ZSL London Zoo ZSL Retrieved 6 March 2008 Blackburn Pavilion ZSL Retrieved 3 March 2008 London Zoo Clock 2008 Tim Hunkin Blackburn Pavilion Zoological Society of London ZSL Wren James 28 November 2019 Community access scheme hands out subsidised tickets to London Zoo to charities in Camden and Westminster Ham amp High a b c Gould Matthew 3 March 2023 Letting thousands of poorer families into London Zoo for 3 has changed us for ever The Guardian Community Access Scheme London Zoo 16 February 2023 Archived from the original on 20 February 2023 Spragg Iain 23 May 2014 A Grizzly Sight 1811 London s Strangest Tales Historic Royal Palaces Extraordinary but True Stories Pavilion Books ISBN 978 1 84994 189 1 Retrieved 24 March 2017 Discover The Entertaining History amp Timeline Of The Royal Menagerie www hrp org uk Historic Royal Palaces Archived from the original on 25 March 2017 Retrieved 24 March 2017 a b c Famous animals ZSL Archived from the original on 9 July 2011 Retrieved 5 March 2008 Cusack Andrew 24 December 2007 Obaysch the Hippo Archived from the original on 16 June 2007 Retrieved 5 March 2008 The Elephant War 1960 by Gillian Avery is a historical novel featuring the protest movement based in Oxford London Zoo Victorian London Retrieved 5 March 2008 The bear who inspired Winnie the Pooh Zoological Society of London Retrieved 12 June 2022 Ferguson John A Bear Named Winnie review Radio Times Retrieved 15 January 2019 Mok the Gorilla My Learning Retrieved 14 January 2021 a b Guy the Gorilla A Life Remembered ZSL Archived from the original on 28 February 2008 Retrieved 5 March 2008 Book of Knowledge 1953 vol 2 A Quadruple Footache LIFE magazine 15 March 1954 p 128 via Google Books Lincoln Journal Star from Lincoln Nebraska on August 19 1958 Page 26 newspapers com Retrieved 28 March 2018 Circus report 1978 PDF circushistory org Retrieved 28 March 2018 Strategic management for voluntary nonprofit organizations Routledge 2002 ISBN 9780415250238 Retrieved 28 October 2008 Giant Panda Species WWF World Wildlife Fund Knight Sam 25 August 2015 Everything you always wanted to know about panda sex but were afraid to ask The Guardian Retrieved 2 September 2015 Humans strip bare for zoo exhibit BBC News 25 August 2005 Retrieved 3 March 2008 The Human Zoo ZSL 17 August 2005 Retrieved 3 March 2008 a b Architecture at the Zoo ZSL 15 June 2006 Archived from the original on 5 December 2008 Retrieved 5 March 2008 Berthold Lubetkin Design Museum Archived from the original on 25 March 2008 Retrieved 26 March 2008 Penguin Pool London Zoo Architectuul Retrieved 10 March 2013 The Uncertain Future of Lubetkin s Penguin Pool Venue Hire at ZSL London Zoo Zoological Society of London ZSL Retrieved 10 August 2020 Commercial Filming and Photography ZSL Retrieved 5 March 2008 Sabotage 1936 IMDb retrieved 12 September 2022 To the London Zoo Travel Guide London 31 December 2007 Archived from the original on 23 December 2017 Retrieved 5 March 2008 Reelstreets Bedazzled 1967 www reelstreets com Watkins Jack 12 June 2017 How we made An American Werewolf in London The Guardian Retrieved 15 January 2019 Turtle Diary Film review Time Out London Retrieved 15 January 2019 Turtle Diary 1985 BFI Archived from the original on 12 September 2017 Retrieved 15 January 2019 Jack Malvern 20 October 2007 They re back for one more bender Withnail and I get together again Times Online London Retrieved 5 March 2008 Potter set news amp pics IGN 15 November 2000 Archived from the original on 31 August 2011 Retrieved 28 March 2008 Filming locations for Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone Movie Locations Archived from the original on 25 May 2009 Retrieved 5 March 2008 Further reading editWilfrid Blunt The Ark in the Park The Zoo in the Nineteenth Century Hamish Hamilton 1976 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to London Zoo London Zoo Article and film about the London Zoo archived 12 May 2019 London Zoo in the 19th century Zoo Village Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title London Zoo amp oldid 1193776300, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.