Asháninka (also known as Campa, although this name is derogatory[2][3][4]) is an Arawakan language spoken by the Asháninka people of Peru and Acre, Brazil. It is largely spoken in the Satipo Province located in the amazon forest.[5] While there are low literacy rates in Asháninka, language use is vibrant among the Asháninka.
The Campa (or Pre-Andean) group of the Maipurean language family includes what have been called Asháninka, Gran Pajonal Campa, Ashéninka, Axaninca, Machiguenga, and Nomatsiguenga. As these are all very closely related linguistic systems, the decision to call them dialects of a single language or different languages rests on social and political considerations rather than linguistic similarity or difference, as in so many other places in the world. Attempts to unify the varieties with one written standard have not been successful.
Historyedit
The language has also been called both Asháninka and Campa; the latter of which is considered by the Asháninka to be offensive, as it derives from the Quechua word thampa, meaning ragged and dirty. Like all languages that have a predominance in any particular region of Perú, Asháninka is an official language in the area in which it is spoken, as provided by the Constitution. Literacy rates range from 10% to 30%, compared to 15% to 25% literacy for the second language, Spanish.
Following voiced nasals, voiceless plosives become voiced. Preceding an [a] vowel, a [k] sound becomes labialized as [kʷ]. A labial sound [w] is formed when two vowels /oa/ are together.[6]
This language can be categorized as vulnerable for a multitude of reasons. South America has been a target for logging and other deforestation efforts, that are oftentimes illegal. Those that speak Asháninka call the historically dense rainforests of Peru and Brazil their home, and live off this land. This habitat, specially in the Peruvian side, faces a moderate threat from logging and other destructive practices by outside forces.
^Vigil, Nila (2010). "Racismo en el discurso sobre los asháninkas de satipo". Discurso & Sociedad. 4 (5): 538–578.
^Vigil, Nila; Zariquiey, Roberto (2017). "La internalización del discurso racista en los jóvenes asháninkas". Lengua y Sociedad. 16 (1): 54–75.
^Michael, Lev (2020). "Rethinking the communicative functions of evidentiality: Event responsibility in Nanti (Arawakan) evidential practice" (PDF). Cadernos de Etnolingüística. 8 (1): 95–123.
^Mihas, Elena. "Non-spatial setting in Satipo Ashaninka (Arawak)." Talk given at the Round Table Meeting, LCRC (Language and Culture Research Centre, James Cook University), September. Vol. 2. 2015.
Cushimariano Romano, Rubén and Richer C. Sebastián Q. (2009). Diccionario asháninka–castellano (versión preliminar). [1]
Crevels, Mily, Lyle Campbell, Veronica Grondona, and Mouton De Gruyter. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." A Comprehensive Guide The Indigenous Languages of South America, 2012, 167-234.
"Asháninka." Language, Alphabet and Pronunciation. Accessed May 5, 2016.
External linksedit
Asháninka test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
"Base De Datos De Pueblos Indígenas U Originarios." Base De Datos De Pueblos Indígenas U Originarios. Accessed March 11, 2016.
Language Archives.org
"Native American Vocabulary: Ashaninka Words (Campa)." Ashaninka Words (Campa, Ashninka). 2015. [3]
"The Endangered Languages Project." Endangered Languages Project. Accessed May 5, 2016.
This Arawakan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
asháninka, language, confused, with, ashéninka, language, asháninka, also, known, campa, although, this, name, derogatory, arawakan, language, spoken, asháninka, people, peru, acre, brazil, largely, spoken, satipo, province, located, amazon, forest, while, the. Not to be confused with Asheninka language Ashaninka also known as Campa although this name is derogatory 2 3 4 is an Arawakan language spoken by the Ashaninka people of Peru and Acre Brazil It is largely spoken in the Satipo Province located in the amazon forest 5 While there are low literacy rates in Ashaninka language use is vibrant among the Ashaninka AshaninkaCampaNative toPeru and BrazilEthnicityAshaninka peopleNative speakers35 000 2007 1 63 000 all varieties Ashaninka amp Asheninka 2007 census 1 Language familyArawakan SouthernCampaAshaninkaLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code cni class extiw title iso639 3 cni cni a Glottologasha1243ELPAshaninkaTable with abc in a small school of the people of Ashaninca in Peru Prov Puerto Inca Huanuco Region Contents 1 Classification 2 History 3 Phonology 3 1 Consonants 3 2 Vowels 4 Language basics and comparisons 5 Threats 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksClassification editThe Campa or Pre Andean group of the Maipurean language family includes what have been called Ashaninka Gran Pajonal Campa Asheninka Axaninca Machiguenga and Nomatsiguenga As these are all very closely related linguistic systems the decision to call them dialects of a single language or different languages rests on social and political considerations rather than linguistic similarity or difference as in so many other places in the world Attempts to unify the varieties with one written standard have not been successful History editThe language has also been called both Ashaninka and Campa the latter of which is considered by the Ashaninka to be offensive as it derives from the Quechua word thampa meaning ragged and dirty Like all languages that have a predominance in any particular region of Peru Ashaninka is an official language in the area in which it is spoken as provided by the Constitution Literacy rates range from 10 to 30 compared to 15 to 25 literacy for the second language Spanish Phonology editConsonants edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalPlosive p t tʲ kAffricate t s t ʃFricative b s ʃ hNasal m n ɲRhotic ɾSemivowel jFollowing voiced nasals voiceless plosives become voiced Preceding an a vowel a k sound becomes labialized as kʷ A labial sound w is formed when two vowels oa are together 6 Vowels edit Front BackClose iMid e oOpen aLanguage basics and comparisons editEnglish Spanish Ashaninka Yanesha one uno aparo pat e tstwo dos apite epathree tres maava ma paman hombre shirampari yacma encanesha woman mujer tsinane penodog perro otsiti ochecsun sol poreatsiri atsne wind viento tampia m orrmoon luna cashiri arrorrwater agua nija pat errThreats editThis language can be categorized as vulnerable for a multitude of reasons South America has been a target for logging and other deforestation efforts that are oftentimes illegal Those that speak Ashaninka call the historically dense rainforests of Peru and Brazil their home and live off this land This habitat specially in the Peruvian side faces a moderate threat from logging and other destructive practices by outside forces References edit a b Ashaninka at Ethnologue 21st ed 2018 nbsp Vigil Nila 2010 Racismo en el discurso sobre los ashaninkas de satipo Discurso amp Sociedad 4 5 538 578 Vigil Nila Zariquiey Roberto 2017 La internalizacion del discurso racista en los jovenes ashaninkas Lengua y Sociedad 16 1 54 75 Michael Lev 2020 Rethinking the communicative functions of evidentiality Event responsibility in Nanti Arawakan evidential practice PDF Cadernos de Etnolinguistica 8 1 95 123 Mihas Elena Non spatial setting in Satipo Ashaninka Arawak Talk given at the Round Table Meeting LCRC Language and Culture Research Centre James Cook University September Vol 2 2015 Dirks Sylvester 1953 Campa Arawak phonemes Further reading editCushimariano Romano Ruben and Richer C Sebastian Q 2009 Diccionario ashaninka castellano version preliminar 1 Crevels Mily Lyle Campbell Veronica Grondona and Mouton De Gruyter Language Endangerment in South America The Clock Is Ticking A Comprehensive Guide The Indigenous Languages of South America 2012 167 234 Ashaninka Language Alphabet and Pronunciation Accessed May 5 2016 External links edit nbsp Ashaninka test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Base De Datos De Pueblos Indigenas U Originarios Base De Datos De Pueblos Indigenas U Originarios Accessed March 11 2016 2 Language Archives org Native American Vocabulary Ashaninka Words Campa Ashaninka Words Campa Ashninka 2015 3 The Endangered Languages Project Endangered Languages Project Accessed May 5 2016 4 This Arawakan languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ashaninka language amp oldid 1215117789, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
