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Wikipedia

American Airlines

January 01, 1970

This article is about the one specific US-based airline named "American Airlines". For its parent company, see American Airlines Group. For a full list of all US-based airlines, see List of airlines of the United States.

American Airlines is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, within the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is the largest airline in the world when measured by scheduled passengers carried, revenue passenger mile. American, together with its regional partners and affiliates, operates an extensive international and domestic network with almost 6,800 flights per day to nearly 350 destinations in 48 countries.[8] American Airlines is a founding member of the Oneworld alliance. Regional service is operated by independent and subsidiary carriers under the brand name American Eagle.[9]

American Airlines, Inc.
IATA ICAO Callsign
AA[1] AAL[1] AMERICAN[2]
FoundedApril 15, 1926; 98 years ago (1926-04-15)
(as American Airways, Inc.)[3]
Commenced operationsJune 25, 1936; 87 years ago (1936-06-25)
AOC #AALA025A[4]
Hubs
Frequent-flyer programAAdvantage
AllianceOneworld
Fleet size964
Destinations353[5]
Parent companyAmerican Airlines Group
HeadquartersFort Worth, Texas, United States[6]
Key people
Employees103,200 (2023)[7]
Websitewww.aa.com

American Airlines and American Eagle operate out of 10 hubs, with Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) being its largest. The airline handles more than 200 million passengers annually with an average of more than 500,000 passengers daily. As of 2023, the company employs 103,200 staff members.

History edit

Main article: History of American Airlines
 
DC-3 "Flagship", American's chief aircraft type during the World War II period
 
"Think of her as your mother", an American Airlines advertisement of flight attendants from 1968.

American Airlines was started in 1930 as a union of more than eighty small airlines.[10] The two organizations from which American Airlines originated were Robertson Aircraft Corporation and Colonial Air Transport. The former was first created in Missouri in 1921, with both being merged in 1929 into holding company The Aviation Corporation. This, in turn, was made in 1930 into an operating company and rebranded as American Airways. In 1934, when new laws and attrition of mail contracts forced many airlines to reorganize, the corporation redid its routes into a connected system and was renamed American Airlines. The airline fully developed its international business between 1970 and 2000. It purchased Trans World Airlines in 2001.[11]

American had a direct role in the development of the Douglas DC-3, which resulted from a marathon telephone call from American Airlines CEO C. R. Smith to Douglas Aircraft Company founder Donald Wills Douglas Sr., when Smith persuaded a reluctant Douglas to design a sleeper aircraft based on the DC-2 to replace American's Curtiss Condor II biplanes. (The existing DC-2's cabin was 66 inches (1.7 m) wide, too narrow for side-by-side berths.) Douglas agreed to go ahead with development only after Smith informed him of American's intention to purchase 20 aircraft. The prototype DST (Douglas Sleeper Transport) first flew on December 17, 1935, the 32nd anniversary of the Wright Brothers' flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Its cabin was 92 in (2.3 m) wide, and a version with 21 seats instead of the 14–16 sleeping berths of the DST was given the designation DC-3. There was no prototype DC-3; the first DC-3 built followed seven DSTs off the production line and was delivered to American Airlines.[12] American Airlines inaugurated passenger service on June 26, 1936, with simultaneous flights from Newark, New Jersey, and Chicago, Illinois.[13]

 
Passengers exiting plane at the El Paso Airport in 1957

American also had a direct role in the development of the DC-10, which resulted from a specification from American Airlines to manufacturers in 1966 to offer a widebody aircraft that was smaller than the Boeing 747, but capable of flying similar long-range routes from airports with shorter runways. McDonnell Douglas responded with the DC-10 trijet shortly after the two companies' merger.[14] On February 19, 1968, the president of American Airlines, George A. Spater, and James S. McDonnell of McDonnell Douglas announced American's intention to acquire the DC-10. American Airlines ordered 25 DC-10s in its first order.[15][16] The DC-10 made its first flight on August 29, 1970,[17] and received its type certificate from the FAA on July 29, 1971.[18] On August 5, 1971, the DC-10 entered commercial service with American Airlines on a round trip flight between Los Angeles and Chicago.[19]

In 2011, due to a downturn in the airline industry, American Airlines' parent company, the AMR Corporation, filed for bankruptcy protection. In 2013, American Airlines merged with US Airways but kept the American Airlines name, as it was the better-recognized brand internationally; the combination of the two airlines resulted in the creation of the largest airline in the United States, and ultimately the world.[20]

Destinations and hubs edit

Destinations edit

As of July 2022, American Airlines flies to 269 domestic destinations and 81 international destinations in 58 countries (as of August 2022) in five continents.[21]

Hubs edit

 
American operates its largest hub at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport.

American currently operates ten hubs.[22]

  • Charlotte – American's hub for the southeastern United States and secondary Caribbean gateway. Its operations in Concourse E are the largest regional flight operation in the world.[23] American has about 91% of the market share at CLT, making it the largest carrier at the airport.[23] It is a former US Airways hub.
  • Chicago–O'Hare – American's hub for the Midwest.[24] American has about 35% of the market share at O'Hare, making it the airport's second largest airline after United.[24]
  • Dallas/Fort Worth – American's hub for the southern United States and largest hub overall.[25] American currently has about 87% of the market share at DFW, making it the largest carrier at the airport.[25] American's corporate headquarters are also in Fort Worth near the airport.[25] DFW serves as American's primary Transpacific hub, primary gateway to Mexico and its secondary gateway to Latin America.[25]
  • Los Angeles – American's hub for the West Coast and secondary transpacific gateway.[26] Though American has increasingly reduced its network out of Los Angeles, citing many long-haul international routes as unprofitable, it still maintains a limited amount of transatlantic and transpacific flights.[27]
  • Miami – American's primary Latin American and Caribbean hub.[28] American has about 68% of the market share in Miami, making it the largest airline at the airport.[28]
  • New York–JFK – American's primary transatlantic hub mostly serving destinations that see high demand from local New York traffic.[29] American has about 13% of the market share at JFK, making it the third largest carrier at the airport behind Delta and JetBlue.[29]
  • New York–LaGuardia – American's New York hub for domestic flights with a few exceptions. Most flights are operated by American Eagle.[30]
  • Philadelphia – American's primary Northeast domestic hub and secondary transatlantic hub.[31][32] American has about 70% of the market share at PHL, making it the airport's largest airline. Former US Airways hub.[31]
  • Phoenix–Sky Harbor – American's Rocky Mountain hub.[33] American has about 35% of the market share at PHX, making it the airport's largest airline.[34] Former US Airways hub, which it inherited from America West Airlines.[35]
  • Washington–Reagan – American's hub for the capital of the United States. American has about 49% of the market share at DCA, making it the largest carrier at the airport. Former US Airways hub.[36]

Alliance and codeshare agreements edit

American Airlines is a member of the Oneworld alliance and has codeshares with the following airlines:[37]

Joint ventures edit

In addition to the above codeshares, American Airlines has entered into three joint ventures.[47]

Atlantic Joint Business edit

American Airlines is a key member of the Oneworld Atlantic joint venture on flights across the north Atlantic with European carriers British Airways, Finnair, and Iberia. Aer Lingus, which shares ownership with British Airways and Iberia, has received regulatory approval to join this joint venture.[48][49] Itineraries including flights operated by Oneworld partner Alaska Airlines are sold as part of itineraries in this JV, but Alaska is not a part of the JV.[50]

Pacific Joint Business edit

American Airlines has a joint venture with fellow Oneworld member Japan Airlines for flights across the Pacific.[51] Combined, the airlines offer 16 daily flights to 9 cities between Japan and the United States with connections possible on Japan Airlines beyond Japan, and on American Airlines throughout North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean.[51] American Airlines has received approval to add additional service between John F. Kennedy International Airport and Haneda Airport in Tokyo, making it the only US airline flying between New York City and Tokyo and the joint venture the leader in frequencies offered between New York City and Tokyo's primary airport.[52][53][54]

Australia and New Zealand Joint Business edit

In 2019, American Airlines received regulatory approval to enter into a joint business relationship with Qantas covering flights between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.[55][56]

Fleet edit

This section is an excerpt from American Airlines fleet.[edit]
 
American Airbus A320 family aircraft at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport

As of May 2024, the American Airlines fleet consists of 964 mainline aircraft, making it the second-largest commercial airline fleet in the world.[57][58][59] American Airlines operates aircraft manufactured by Boeing and Airbus.

Over 80% of American's aircraft are narrow-bodies from the Airbus A320 family and the Boeing 737 family. It is the largest A320 family aircraft operator in the world, as well as the largest operator of the A319 and A321 variants.[60]

American's wide-body aircraft are all Boeing airliners; however, the majority of the airline’s total fleet consists of Airbus aircraft. American Airlines is the world's largest operator of the 787-8, the smallest variant of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.[61]

American exclusively ordered Boeing aircraft throughout the 2000s.[62] This strategy shifted on July 20, 2011, when American announced the largest combined aircraft order in history for 460 narrow-body jets: 260 aircraft from the Airbus A320 family and 200 Boeing 737s, consisting of 100 Boeing 737NG, 100 737 MAX, 130 Airbus A320ceo family and 130 A320neo family.[63][64] Additional Airbus aircraft joined the fleet in 2013 after the merger with US Airways, which operated a nearly all Airbus fleet.[65] As of March 2024, American has 331 aircraft on order from Airbus and Boeing.

Cabins edit

 
 
Flagship First and Business seats on an Airbus A321 (top and bottom, respectively)
Flagship First

Flagship First is American's international and transcontinental first class product. It is offered only on Boeing 777-300ERs and select Airbus A321s which American designates "A321T". The seats are fully lie-flat and offer direct aisle access with only one on each side of the aisle in each row.[66] As with the airline's other premium cabins, Flagship First offers wider food and beverage options, larger seats, and lounge access at certain airports.[67] American offers domestic Flagship First service on transcontinental routes between New York–JFK and Los Angeles, New York–JFK and San Francisco, New York-JFK and Santa Ana, Boston and Los Angeles, and Miami and Los Angeles, as well as on the standard domestic route between New York-JFK and Boston.[68] The airline will debut new Flagship Suite® premium seats and a revamped aircraft interior for its long-haul fleet with fresh deliveries of its Airbus A321XLR and Boeing 787-9 aircraft, beginning in 2024.[69]

Flagship Business

Flagship Business is American's international and transcontinental business class product. It is offered on all Boeing 777-200ERs, Boeing 777-300ERs, Boeing 787-8s, and Boeing 787-9s, as well as select Airbus A321s. All Flagship Business seats are fully lie-flat.[70] The amenities in Flagship Business include complimentary alcoholic/non-alcoholic beverages, multi-course meals, and lounge access.

 
 
First class and main cabin seats on a Boeing 737 MAX 8 (top and bottom, respectively)
Domestic first class

First class is offered on all domestically configured aircraft. Seats range from 19–21 inches (48–53 cm) in width and have 37–42 inches (94–107 cm) of pitch.[70] Dining options include complementary alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages on all flights as well as standard economy snack offerings, enhanced snack basket selections on flights over 500 miles (800 km), and meals on flights 900 miles (1,400 km) or longer.[71]

Premium Economy

Premium Economy is American's economy plus product. It is offered on all widebody aircraft. The cabin debuted on the airline's Boeing 787-9s in late 2016[72] and is also available on Boeing 777-200s and -300s, and Boeing 787-8s. Premium Economy seats are wider than seats in the main cabin (American's economy cabin) and provide more amenities: Premium Economy customers get two free checked bags, priority boarding, and enhanced food and drink service including free alcohol. This product made American Airlines the first U.S. carrier to offer a four-cabin aircraft.[70]

Main Cabin Extra

Main Cabin Extra is American's enhanced economy product. It is available on all of the mainline fleet and American Eagle aircraft.[70] Main Cabin Extra seats include greater pitch than is available in main cabin, along with free alcoholic beverages and boarding one group ahead of main cabin.[73] American retained Main Cabin Extra when the new Premium Economy product entered service in late 2016.[72]

Main Cabin

Main Cabin (economy class) is American's economy product and is found on all mainline and regional aircraft in its fleet. Seats range from 17–18.5 inches (43–47 cm) in width and have 30–32 inches (76–81 cm) of pitch. American markets a number of rows within the main cabin immediately behind Main Cabin Extra as "Main Cabin Preferred", which require an extra charge to select for those without status.[70]

American Airlines marketed increased legroom in economy class as "More Room Throughout Coach", also referred to as "MRTC", starting in February 2000. Two rows of economy class seats were removed on domestic narrowbody aircraft, resulting in more than half of all standard economy seats having a pitch of 34 inches (86 cm) or more.[74] Amid financial losses, this scheme was discontinued in 2004.[75]

On many routes, American also offers Basic Economy, the airline's lowest main cabin fare. Basic Economy consists of a Main Cabin ticket with numerous restrictions including waiting until check-in for a seat assignment, no upgrades or refunds, and boarding in the last group.[76] Originally Basic Economy passengers could only carry a personal item, but American later revised their Basic Economy policies to allow for a carry-on bag.[77]

In May 2017, American announced it would be adding more seats to some of its Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets and reducing overall legroom in the basic economy class. The last three rows were to lose 2 inches (5.1 cm), going from the current 31 to 29 inches (79 to 74 cm). The remainder of the main cabin was to have 30 inches (76 cm) of legroom. This "Project Oasis" seating configuration has since been expanded to all 737 MAX 8s as well as standard Boeing 737-800 and non-transcontinental Airbus A321 jets. New Airbus A321neo jets have been delivered with the same configuration. This configuration has been considered unpopular with passengers, especially American's frequent flyers, as the new seats have less padding, less legroom, and no seatback entertainment.[78][79]

Reward programs edit

AAdvantage edit

Main article: AAdvantage

AAdvantage is the frequent flyer program for American Airlines. It was launched on May 1, 1981, and it remains the largest frequent flyer program with over 115 million members as of 2021.[80] Miles accumulated in the program allow members to redeem tickets, upgrade service class, or obtain free or discounted car rentals, hotel stays, merchandise, or other products and services through partners. The most active members, based on the accumulation of Loyalty Points with American Airlines, are designated AAdvantage Gold, AAdvantage Platinum, AAdvantage Platinum Pro, and AAdvantage Executive Platinum elite members, with privileges such as separate check-in, priority upgrade, and standby processing, or free upgrades. AAdvantage status correspond with Oneworld status levels allowing elites to receive reciprocal benefits from American's Oneworld partner airlines.[81][better source needed]

AAdvantage co-branded credit cards are also available and offer other benefits. The cards are issued by CitiCards, a subsidiary of Citigroup, Barclaycard, and Bilt card in the United States,[82] by several banks including Butterfield Bank and Scotiabank in the Caribbean,[83][84] and by Banco Santander in Brazil.[85]

AAdvantage allows one-way redemption, starting at 7,500 miles.[86]

Admirals Club edit

The Admirals Club was conceived by AA president C.R. Smith as a marketing promotion shortly after he was made an honorary Texas Ranger. Inspired by the Kentucky colonels and other honorary title designations, Smith decided to make particularly valued passengers "admirals" of the "Flagship fleet" (AA called its aircraft "Flagships" at the time).[87][better source needed] The list of admirals included many celebrities, politicians, and other VIPs, as well as more "ordinary" customers who had been particularly loyal to the airline.[citation needed]

There was no physical Admirals Club until shortly after the opening of LaGuardia Airport. During the airport's construction, New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia had an upper-level lounge set aside for press conferences and business meetings. At one such press conference, he noted that the entire terminal was being offered for lease to airline tenants; after a reporter asked whether the lounge would be leased as well, LaGuardia replied that it would, and a vice president of AA immediately offered to lease the premises. The airline then procured a liquor license and began operating the lounge as the "Admirals Club" in 1939.[88]

The second Admirals Club opened at Washington National Airport. Because it was illegal to sell alcohol in Virginia at the time, the club contained refrigerators for the use of its members, so they could store their liquor at the airport.[89] For many years, membership in the Admirals Club (and most other airline lounges) was by the airline's invitation. After a passenger sued for discrimination,[90] the club switched to a paid membership program in 1974.[91][92]

Flagship Lounge edit

Though affiliated with the Admirals Club and staffed by many of the same employees, the Flagship Lounge is a separate lounge specifically designed for customers flying in first class and business class on international flights and transcontinental domestic flights.[93]

Corporate affairs edit

Business trends edit

The key trends for American Airlines are (as of the financial year ending 31 December):

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Net income (US$ million)[a] 7,610 2,676 1,919 1,412 1,686 −8,885 −1,993 127 822
Number of employees (FTE, thousands)[b] 98.9 101 103 102 104 78.3 96.8 102 103
Passenger enplanements (millions)[a] 201 198 194 203 215 95.3 165 199 210
Load factor (%)[a] 83.0 81.7 81.9 82.0 84.6 64.1 75.3 82.9 83.5
Fleet size[b] 946 930 948 956 942 855 865 925 965
References [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102]

Ownership and structure edit

American Airlines, Inc., is publicly traded through its parent company, American Airlines Group Inc., under NASDAQ: AAL Nasdaq: AAL, with a market capitalization of about $12 billion as of 2019, and is included in the S&P 500 index.[8]

American Eagle is a network of six regional carriers that operate under a codeshare and service agreement with American, operating flights to destinations in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, and Mexico. Three of these carriers are independent and three are subsidiaries of American Airlines Group: Envoy Air Inc., Piedmont Airlines, Inc., and PSA Airlines Inc.[8]

Headquarters edit

 
Image of the signs of the former headquarters

American Airlines is headquartered across several buildings in Fort Worth, Texas that it calls the "Robert L. Crandall Campus" in honor of former president and CEO Robert Crandall. The 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m2) square-foot, five-building office complex called was designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects.[103] The campus is located on 300 acres, adjacent to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, American's fortress hub.[104]

Before it was headquartered in Texas, American Airlines was headquartered at 633 Third Avenue in the Murray Hill area of Midtown Manhattan, New York City.[105][106] In 1979, American moved its headquarters to a site at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, which affected up to 1,300 jobs. Mayor of New York City Ed Koch described the move as a "betrayal" of New York City.[107] American moved to two leased office buildings in Grand Prairie, Texas.[108] On January 17, 1983, the airline finished moving into a $150 million ($459,000,000 when adjusted for inflation), 550,000-square-foot (51,000 m2) facility in Fort Worth; $147 million (about $450,000,000 when adjusted for inflation) in Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport bonds financed the headquarters. The airline began leasing the facility from the airport, which owns the facility.[108] Following the merger of US Airways and American Airlines, the new company consolidated its corporate headquarters in Fort Worth, abandoning the US Airways headquarters in Phoenix, AZ.

As of 2015, American Airlines is the corporation with the largest presence in Fort Worth.[109]

In 2015, American announced that it would build a new headquarters in Fort Worth. Groundbreaking began in the spring of 2016 and occupancy completed in September 2019.[110] The airline plans to house 5,000 new workers in the building.[109]

It will be located on a 41-acre (17 ha) property adjacent to the airline's flight academy and conference and training center, west of Texas State Highway 360, 2 miles (3.2 km)[110] west from the current headquarters. The airline will lease a total of 300 acres (120 ha) from Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport and this area will include the headquarters.[109] Construction of the new headquarters began after the demolition of the Sabre facility, previously on the site.[110]

The airline considered developing a new headquarters in Irving, Texas, on the old Texas Stadium site, before deciding to keep the headquarters in Fort Worth.[109]

Corporate identity edit

 
American Airlines' fourth logo, used from 1967 to January 17, 2013

edit

In 1931, Goodrich Murphy, an American employee, designed the AA logo as an entry in a logo contest. The eagle in the logo was copied from a Scottish hotel brochure.[111] The logo was redesigned by Massimo Vignelli in 1967.[112][113] Thirty years later, in 1997, American Airlines was able to make its logo Internet-compatible by buying the domain AA.com. AA is also American's two-letter IATA airline designator.[114]

On January 17, 2013, American launched a new rebranding and marketing campaign with FutureBrand dubbed, "A New American". This included a new logo, which includes elements of the 1967 logo.[115]

American Airlines faced difficulty obtaining copyright registration for their 2013 logo. On June 3, 2016, American Airlines sought to register it with the United States Copyright Office,[116] but in October of that year, the Copyright Office ruled that the logo was ineligible for copyright protection, as it did not pass the threshold of originality, and was thus in the public domain.[116] American requested that the Copyright Office reconsider, but on January 8, 2018, the Copyright Office affirmed its initial determination.[116][117] After American Airlines submitted additional materials, the Copyright Office reversed its decision on December 7, 2018, and ruled that the logo contained enough creativity to merit copyright protection.[118]

Aircraft livery edit

American's early liveries varied widely, but a common livery was adopted in the 1930s, featuring an eagle painted on the fuselage.[119] The eagle became a symbol of the company and inspired the name of American Eagle Airlines. Propeller aircraft featured an international orange lightning bolt running down the length of the fuselage, which was replaced by a simpler orange stripe with the introduction of jets.[120]

In the late 1960s, American commissioned designer Massimo Vignelli to develop a new livery. The original design called for a red, white, and blue stripe on the fuselage, and a simple "AA" logo, without an eagle, on the tail; instead, Vignelli created a highly stylized eagle, which remained the company's logo until January 16, 2013.[121]

 
American's previous livery on an MD-83

On January 17, 2013, American unveiled a new livery.[122] Before then, American had been the only major U.S. airline to leave most of its aircraft surfaces unpainted. This was because C. R. Smith would not say he liked painted aircraft and refused to use any liveries that involved painting the entire plane. Robert "Bob" Crandall later justified the distinctive natural metal finish by noting that less paint reduced the aircraft's weight, thus saving on fuel costs.[123]

In January 2013, American launched a new rebranding and marketing campaign dubbed, "The New American". In addition to a new logo, American Airlines introduced a new livery for its fleet. The airline calls the new livery and branding "a clean and modern update".[124] The current design features an abstract American flag on the tail, along with a silver-painted fuselage, as a throw-back to the old livery. The new design was painted by Leading Edge Aviation Services in California.[125] Doug Parker, the incoming CEO indicated that the new livery could be short-lived, stating that "maybe we need to do something slightly different than [sic] that ... The only reason this is an issue now is that they just did it right in the middle, which kind of makes it confusing, so that gives us an opportunity, actually, to decide if we are going to do something different because we have so many airplanes to paint".[126] The current logo and livery have had mixed criticism, with Design Shack editor Joshua Johnson writing that they "boldly and proudly communicate the concepts of American pride and freedom wrapped into a shape that instantly makes you think about an airplane",[127] and AskThePilot.com author Patrick Smith describing the logo as 'a linoleum knife poking through a shower curtain'.[128] Later in January 2013, Bloomberg asked the designer of the 1968 American Airlines logo (Massimo Vignelli) on his opinion over the rebranding.[129]

In the end, American let their employees decide the new livery's fate. On an internal website for employees, American posted two options, one the new livery and one a modified version of the old livery. All of the American Airlines Group employees (including US Airways and other affiliates) were able to vote.[130] American ultimately decided to keep the new look. Parker announced that American would keep a US Airways and America West heritage aircraft in the fleet, with plans to add a heritage TWA aircraft and a heritage American plane with the old livery.[131] As of September 2019, American has heritage aircraft for Piedmont, PSA, America West, US Airways, Reno Air, TWA, and AirCal in their fleet.[132] They also have two AA branded heritage 737-800 aircraft, an AstroJet N905NN,[133] and the polished aluminum livery used from 1967 to 2013, N921NN.[134]

Customer Service edit

American, both before and after the merger with US Airways, has consistently performed poorly in rankings. The Wall Street Journal's annual airline rankings have ranked American as the worst or second-worst U.S. carrier for ten of the past twelve years, and in the bottom three of U.S. Airlines for at least the past twelve years. The airline has persistently performed poorly in the areas of losing checked luggage and bumping passengers due to oversold flights.[135]

Worker relations edit

The main representatives of key groups of employees are:

Subsidiary companies edit

Sky Chefs edit

In 1942, American Airlines established Sky Chefs, a wholly-owned subsidiary, as a catering company to serve their fleet.[142] In 1986, Sky Chefs was sold to Toronto-based Onex Capital Corporation for $170 million.[142][143] Sky Chefs became a subsidiary of Onex Food Services Inc.[144][citation needed] Since 2001, it has been fully owned by the LSG Group.[145][146]

Flagship Hotels / Americana Hotels edit

In the late-1960s, American Airlines established the Flagship Hotels chain as a subsidiary of Sky Chefs. On July 21, 1972, American Airlines leased four hotels from the Loews Corporation, three of them branded as Americana Hotels, for a period of thirty years. American merged the hotels with their Flagship Hotels, and rebranded the entire chain as Americana Hotels.[147] In 1980, American Airlines sold Americana Hotels to Bass Brothers Enterprises of Fort Worth, Texas.[148]

Concerns and conflicts edit

Environmental violations edit

Between October 1993 to July 1998, American Airlines was repeatedly cited for using high-sulfur fuel in motor vehicles at 10 major airports around the country, a violation of the Clean Air Act.[149]

Lifetime AAirpass edit

Main article: AAirpass

Since 1981, as a means of creating revenue in a period of loss-making, American Airlines had offered a lifetime pass of unlimited travel, for the initial cost of $250,000.[150] This entitled the pass holder to fly anywhere in the world. Twenty-eight were sold. However, after some time, the airline realized they were making losses on the tickets, with the ticketholders costing them up to $1 million each. Ticketholders were booking large numbers of flights with some ticketholders flying interstate for lunch or flying to London multiple times a month. AA raised the cost of the lifetime pass to $3 million, and then finally stopped offering it in 2003. AA then used litigation to cancel two of the lifetime offers, saying the passes "had been terminated due to fraudulent activity".[151]

Cabin fume events edit

  • In 1988, on American Airlines Flight 132's approach into Nashville, flight attendants notified the cockpit that there was smoke in the cabin. The flight crew in the cockpit ignored the warning, as on a prior flight, a fume event had occurred due to a problem with the auxiliary power unit. However, the smoke on Flight 132 was caused by improperly packaged hazardous materials. According to the NTSB inquiry, the cockpit crew persistently refused to acknowledge that there was a serious threat to the aircraft or the passengers, even after they were told that the floor was becoming soft and passengers had to be reseated. As a result, the aircraft was not evacuated immediately on landing, exposing the crew and passengers to the threat of smoke and fire longer than necessary.[152][153]
  • On April 11, 2007, toxic smoke and oil fumes leaked into the aircraft cabin as American Airlines Flight 843 taxied to the gate. A flight attendant who was present in the cabin subsequently filed a lawsuit against Boeing, stating that she was diagnosed with neurotoxic disorder due to her exposure to the fumes, which caused her to experience memory loss, tremors, and severe headaches. She settled with the company in 2011.[154]
  • In 2009, Mike Holland, deputy chairman for radiation and environmental issues at the Allied Pilots Association and an American Airlines pilot, said that the pilot union had started alerting pilots of the danger of contaminated bleed air, including contacting crew members that the union thinks were exposed to contamination based on maintenance records and pilot logs.[155]
  • In a January 2017 incident on American Airlines Flight 1896, seven flight attendants were hospitalized after a strange odor was detected in the cabin. The Airbus A330 involved subsequently underwent a "thorough maintenance inspection", having been involved in three fume events in three months.[156][157]
  • In August 2018, American Airlines flight attendants picketed in front of the Fort Worth company headquarters over a change in sick day policy, complaining that exposure to ill passengers, toxic uniforms, toxic cabin air, radiation exposure, and other issues were causing them to be sick.[158][159]
  • In January 2019, two pilots and three flight attendants on Flight 1897 from Philadelphia to Fort Lauderdale were hospitalized following complaints of a strange odor.[160][161]

Discrimination complaints edit

On October 24, 2017, the NAACP issued a travel advisory for American Airlines urging African Americans to "exercise caution" when traveling with the airline. The NAACP issued the advisory after four incidents. In one incident, a black woman was moved from first class to coach while her white traveling companion was allowed to remain in first class. In another incident, a black man was forced to give up his seats after being confronted by two unruly white passengers.[162] According to the NAACP, while they did receive complaints on other airlines, most of their complaints in the year before their advisory were on American Airlines.[163] In July 2018, the NAACP lifted their travel advisory saying that American has made improvements to mitigate discrimination and unsafe treatment of African Americans.[164]

Accidents and incidents edit

This section is an excerpt from List of American Airlines accidents and incidents.[edit]

As of March 2019, American Airlines has had almost sixty aircraft hull losses, beginning with the crash of an Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor in August 1931.[165][166] Of the hull losses, most were propeller driven aircraft, including three Lockheed L-188 Electra aircraft (of which one, the crash in 1959 of Flight 320, resulted in fatalities).[166] The two accidents with the highest fatalities in both the airline's and U.S. aviation history were Flight 191 in 1979 and Flight 587 in 2001.[167]

Out of the 17 hijackings of American Airlines flights, two aircraft were hijacked and destroyed in the September 11 attacks: Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center, and Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon.[168] Flight 11, which is responsible for an estimated 1700 deaths, is the deadliest air crash in the history of aviation.

There were two training flight accidents in which the crew was killed and six that resulted in no fatalities.[166] Another four jet aircraft have been written off due to incidents while they were parked between flights or while undergoing maintenance.[166]

Carbon footprint edit

American Airlines reported total CO2e emissions (direct and indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020, at 20,092 Kt (-21,347 /-51.5% y-o-y).[169] The company aims to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050.[170] In November 2023, American Airlines purchased the first carbon credit contract (for 10,000 metric tons of CO2 sequestered at $100 per ton) from Graphyte, a carbon removal startup company invested in by Breakthrough Energy that compresses sawdust, tree bark, rice hulls, plant stalks, and other agricultural waste into biomass bricks wrapped in a polymer barrier to prevent decomposition that are stored underground.[171][172]

American Airline's annual total CO2e emissions - Location-based scope 1 + scope 2 (in kilotonnes)
Dec 2016 Dec 2017 Dec 2018 Dec 2019 Dec 2020
39,254[173] 39,388[174] 40,604[175] 41,439[176] 20,092[169]

See also edit

Notes and references edit

Notes
  1. ^ a b c Airline group
  2. ^ a b Mainline
References
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Further reading edit

  • Bedwell, Don (1999). Silverbird: the American Airlines story. Sandpoint, Idaho: Airways International. ISBN 0-9653993-6-2. OCLC 43762553. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • Capozzi, John M. (2001). A spirit of greatness: stories from the employees of American Airlines (1st ed.). Fairfield, Conn.: JMC Pub. Services. ISBN 0-9656410-3-1. OCLC 40986912. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • Casey, Albert V. (1997). Casey's law: if something can go right, it should (1st ed.). New York: Arcade Pub. ISBN 1-55970-307-5. OCLC 32430679. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • Endres, Günter (1998). McDonnell Douglas DC-10. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-0617-6.
  • Forty, Simon (1997). American Airlines. Vergennes, VT: Plymouth Press. ISBN 1-882663-21-7. OCLC 39542166. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • Hieger, Linda H. (2010). With wings of silver and gold: the history and uniforms of American Airlines stewardesses/flight attendants. United States. ISBN 978-1-60458-271-0. OCLC 682191394. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Reed, Dan (1993). The American eagle: the ascent of Bob Crandall and American Airlines (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-08696-2. OCLC 27173065. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • Serling, Robert J. (1985). Eagle: the story of American Airlines (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's/Marek. ISBN 0-312-22453-2. OCLC 12107802. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  • Waddington, Terry (2000). McDonnell Douglas DC-10. Miami, Florida: World Transport Press. ISBN 1-892437-04-X.
  • International directory of company histories. Vol. 27. Detroit, Mich.: St. James Press. 1999. ISBN 978-1-55862-668-3. OCLC 769042340. from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2021.

External links edit

  • Official website  
  • Official American Airlines Vacations website. October 22, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.

January 01, 1970
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This article is about the one specific US based airline named American Airlines For its parent company see American Airlines Group For a full list of all US based airlines see List of airlines of the United States American Airlines is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Fort Worth Texas within the Dallas Fort Worth metroplex It is the largest airline in the world when measured by scheduled passengers carried revenue passenger mile American together with its regional partners and affiliates operates an extensive international and domestic network with almost 6 800 flights per day to nearly 350 destinations in 48 countries 8 American Airlines is a founding member of the Oneworld alliance Regional service is operated by independent and subsidiary carriers under the brand name American Eagle 9 American Airlines Inc IATA ICAO Callsign AA 1 AAL 1 AMERICAN 2 FoundedApril 15 1926 98 years ago 1926 04 15 as American Airways Inc 3 Commenced operationsJune 25 1936 87 years ago 1936 06 25 AOC AALA025A 4 HubsCharlotteChicago O HareDallas Fort WorthLos AngelesMiamiNew York JFKNew York LaGuardiaPhiladelphiaPhoenix Sky HarborWashington NationalFrequent flyer programAAdvantageAllianceOneworldFleet size964Destinations353 5 Parent companyAmerican Airlines GroupHeadquartersFort Worth Texas United States 6 Key peopleRobert Isom CEO Doug Parker Chairman Devon May CFO Employees103 200 2023 7 Websitewww wbr aa wbr com American Airlines and American Eagle operate out of 10 hubs with Dallas Fort Worth International Airport DFW being its largest The airline handles more than 200 million passengers annually with an average of more than 500 000 passengers daily As of 2023 update the company employs 103 200 staff members Contents 1 History 2 Destinations and hubs 2 1 Destinations 2 2 Hubs 2 3 Alliance and codeshare agreements 2 4 Joint ventures 2 4 1 Atlantic Joint Business 2 4 2 Pacific Joint Business 2 4 3 Australia and New Zealand Joint Business 3 Fleet 4 Cabins 5 Reward programs 5 1 AAdvantage 5 2 Admirals Club 5 3 Flagship Lounge 6 Corporate affairs 6 1 Business trends 6 2 Ownership and structure 6 3 Headquarters 6 4 Corporate identity 6 4 1 Logo 6 4 2 Aircraft livery 6 4 3 Customer Service 6 5 Worker relations 6 6 Subsidiary companies 6 6 1 Sky Chefs 6 6 2 Flagship Hotels Americana Hotels 7 Concerns and conflicts 7 1 Environmental violations 7 2 Lifetime AAirpass 7 3 Cabin fume events 7 4 Discrimination complaints 8 Accidents and incidents 9 Carbon footprint 10 See also 11 Notes and references 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory editMain article History of American Airlines nbsp DC 3 Flagship American s chief aircraft type during the World War II period nbsp Think of her as your mother an American Airlines advertisement of flight attendants from 1968 American Airlines was started in 1930 as a union of more than eighty small airlines 10 The two organizations from which American Airlines originated were Robertson Aircraft Corporation and Colonial Air Transport The former was first created in Missouri in 1921 with both being merged in 1929 into holding company The Aviation Corporation This in turn was made in 1930 into an operating company and rebranded as American Airways In 1934 when new laws and attrition of mail contracts forced many airlines to reorganize the corporation redid its routes into a connected system and was renamed American Airlines The airline fully developed its international business between 1970 and 2000 It purchased Trans World Airlines in 2001 11 American had a direct role in the development of the Douglas DC 3 which resulted from a marathon telephone call from American Airlines CEO C R Smith to Douglas Aircraft Company founder Donald Wills Douglas Sr when Smith persuaded a reluctant Douglas to design a sleeper aircraft based on the DC 2 to replace American s Curtiss Condor II biplanes The existing DC 2 s cabin was 66 inches 1 7 m wide too narrow for side by side berths Douglas agreed to go ahead with development only after Smith informed him of American s intention to purchase 20 aircraft The prototype DST Douglas Sleeper Transport first flew on December 17 1935 the 32nd anniversary of the Wright Brothers flight at Kitty Hawk North Carolina Its cabin was 92 in 2 3 m wide and a version with 21 seats instead of the 14 16 sleeping berths of the DST was given the designation DC 3 There was no prototype DC 3 the first DC 3 built followed seven DSTs off the production line and was delivered to American Airlines 12 American Airlines inaugurated passenger service on June 26 1936 with simultaneous flights from Newark New Jersey and Chicago Illinois 13 nbsp Passengers exiting plane at the El Paso Airport in 1957American also had a direct role in the development of the DC 10 which resulted from a specification from American Airlines to manufacturers in 1966 to offer a widebody aircraft that was smaller than the Boeing 747 but capable of flying similar long range routes from airports with shorter runways McDonnell Douglas responded with the DC 10 trijet shortly after the two companies merger 14 On February 19 1968 the president of American Airlines George A Spater and James S McDonnell of McDonnell Douglas announced American s intention to acquire the DC 10 American Airlines ordered 25 DC 10s in its first order 15 16 The DC 10 made its first flight on August 29 1970 17 and received its type certificate from the FAA on July 29 1971 18 On August 5 1971 the DC 10 entered commercial service with American Airlines on a round trip flight between Los Angeles and Chicago 19 In 2011 due to a downturn in the airline industry American Airlines parent company the AMR Corporation filed for bankruptcy protection In 2013 American Airlines merged with US Airways but kept the American Airlines name as it was the better recognized brand internationally the combination of the two airlines resulted in the creation of the largest airline in the United States and ultimately the world 20 Destinations and hubs editDestinations edit As of July 2022 American Airlines flies to 269 domestic destinations and 81 international destinations in 58 countries as of August 2022 in five continents 21 Hubs edit nbsp American operates its largest hub at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport American currently operates ten hubs 22 Charlotte American s hub for the southeastern United States and secondary Caribbean gateway Its operations in Concourse E are the largest regional flight operation in the world 23 American has about 91 of the market share at CLT making it the largest carrier at the airport 23 It is a former US Airways hub Chicago O Hare American s hub for the Midwest 24 American has about 35 of the market share at O Hare making it the airport s second largest airline after United 24 Dallas Fort Worth American s hub for the southern United States and largest hub overall 25 American currently has about 87 of the market share at DFW making it the largest carrier at the airport 25 American s corporate headquarters are also in Fort Worth near the airport 25 DFW serves as American s primary Transpacific hub primary gateway to Mexico and its secondary gateway to Latin America 25 Los Angeles American s hub for the West Coast and secondary transpacific gateway 26 Though American has increasingly reduced its network out of Los Angeles citing many long haul international routes as unprofitable it still maintains a limited amount of transatlantic and transpacific flights 27 Miami American s primary Latin American and Caribbean hub 28 American has about 68 of the market share in Miami making it the largest airline at the airport 28 New York JFK American s primary transatlantic hub mostly serving destinations that see high demand from local New York traffic 29 American has about 13 of the market share at JFK making it the third largest carrier at the airport behind Delta and JetBlue 29 New York LaGuardia American s New York hub for domestic flights with a few exceptions Most flights are operated by American Eagle 30 Philadelphia American s primary Northeast domestic hub and secondary transatlantic hub 31 32 American has about 70 of the market share at PHL making it the airport s largest airline Former US Airways hub 31 Phoenix Sky Harbor American s Rocky Mountain hub 33 American has about 35 of the market share at PHX making it the airport s largest airline 34 Former US Airways hub which it inherited from America West Airlines 35 Washington Reagan American s hub for the capital of the United States American has about 49 of the market share at DCA making it the largest carrier at the airport Former US Airways hub 36 Alliance and codeshare agreements edit American Airlines is a member of the Oneworld alliance and has codeshares with the following airlines 37 Aer Lingus 38 Air Tahiti Nui Alaska Airlines Cape Air Cathay Pacific China Southern Airlines Fiji Airways Gol Transportes Aereos 39 Hawaiian Airlines IndiGo 40 JetSmart 41 Level 42 Malaysia Airlines Philippine Airlines 43 Qatar Airways 44 Royal Air Maroc Royal Jordanian Silver Airways SriLankan Airlines 45 Vueling 46 Joint ventures edit In addition to the above codeshares American Airlines has entered into three joint ventures 47 Atlantic Joint Business edit American Airlines is a key member of the Oneworld Atlantic joint venture on flights across the north Atlantic with European carriers British Airways Finnair and Iberia Aer Lingus which shares ownership with British Airways and Iberia has received regulatory approval to join this joint venture 48 49 Itineraries including flights operated by Oneworld partner Alaska Airlines are sold as part of itineraries in this JV but Alaska is not a part of the JV 50 Pacific Joint Business edit American Airlines has a joint venture with fellow Oneworld member Japan Airlines for flights across the Pacific 51 Combined the airlines offer 16 daily flights to 9 cities between Japan and the United States with connections possible on Japan Airlines beyond Japan and on American Airlines throughout North America Latin America and the Caribbean 51 American Airlines has received approval to add additional service between John F Kennedy International Airport and Haneda Airport in Tokyo making it the only US airline flying between New York City and Tokyo and the joint venture the leader in frequencies offered between New York City and Tokyo s primary airport 52 53 54 Australia and New Zealand Joint Business edit In 2019 American Airlines received regulatory approval to enter into a joint business relationship with Qantas covering flights between Australia New Zealand and the United States 55 56 Fleet editThis section is an excerpt from American Airlines fleet edit nbsp American Airbus A320 family aircraft at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport As of May 2024 update the American Airlines fleet consists of 964 mainline aircraft making it the second largest commercial airline fleet in the world 57 58 59 American Airlines operates aircraft manufactured by Boeing and Airbus Over 80 of American s aircraft are narrow bodies from the Airbus A320 family and the Boeing 737 family It is the largest A320 family aircraft operator in the world as well as the largest operator of the A319 and A321 variants 60 American s wide body aircraft are all Boeing airliners however the majority of the airline s total fleet consists of Airbus aircraft American Airlines is the world s largest operator of the 787 8 the smallest variant of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner 61 American exclusively ordered Boeing aircraft throughout the 2000s 62 This strategy shifted on July 20 2011 when American announced the largest combined aircraft order in history for 460 narrow body jets 260 aircraft from the Airbus A320 family and 200 Boeing 737s consisting of 100 Boeing 737NG 100 737 MAX 130 Airbus A320ceo family and 130 A320neo family 63 64 Additional Airbus aircraft joined the fleet in 2013 after the merger with US Airways which operated a nearly all Airbus fleet 65 As of March 2024 American has 331 aircraft on order from Airbus and Boeing Cabins edit nbsp nbsp Flagship First and Business seats on an Airbus A321 top and bottom respectively Flagship First Flagship First is American s international and transcontinental first class product It is offered only on Boeing 777 300ERs and select Airbus A321s which American designates A321T The seats are fully lie flat and offer direct aisle access with only one on each side of the aisle in each row 66 As with the airline s other premium cabins Flagship First offers wider food and beverage options larger seats and lounge access at certain airports 67 American offers domestic Flagship First service on transcontinental routes between New York JFK and Los Angeles New York JFK and San Francisco New York JFK and Santa Ana Boston and Los Angeles and Miami and Los Angeles as well as on the standard domestic route between New York JFK and Boston 68 The airline will debut new Flagship Suite premium seats and a revamped aircraft interior for its long haul fleet with fresh deliveries of its Airbus A321XLR and Boeing 787 9 aircraft beginning in 2024 69 Flagship Business Flagship Business is American s international and transcontinental business class product It is offered on all Boeing 777 200ERs Boeing 777 300ERs Boeing 787 8s and Boeing 787 9s as well as select Airbus A321s All Flagship Business seats are fully lie flat 70 The amenities in Flagship Business include complimentary alcoholic non alcoholic beverages multi course meals and lounge access nbsp nbsp First class and main cabin seats on a Boeing 737 MAX 8 top and bottom respectively Domestic first class First class is offered on all domestically configured aircraft Seats range from 19 21 inches 48 53 cm in width and have 37 42 inches 94 107 cm of pitch 70 Dining options include complementary alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages on all flights as well as standard economy snack offerings enhanced snack basket selections on flights over 500 miles 800 km and meals on flights 900 miles 1 400 km or longer 71 Premium Economy Premium Economy is American s economy plus product It is offered on all widebody aircraft The cabin debuted on the airline s Boeing 787 9s in late 2016 72 and is also available on Boeing 777 200s and 300s and Boeing 787 8s Premium Economy seats are wider than seats in the main cabin American s economy cabin and provide more amenities Premium Economy customers get two free checked bags priority boarding and enhanced food and drink service including free alcohol This product made American Airlines the first U S carrier to offer a four cabin aircraft 70 Main Cabin Extra Main Cabin Extra is American s enhanced economy product It is available on all of the mainline fleet and American Eagle aircraft 70 Main Cabin Extra seats include greater pitch than is available in main cabin along with free alcoholic beverages and boarding one group ahead of main cabin 73 American retained Main Cabin Extra when the new Premium Economy product entered service in late 2016 72 Main Cabin Main Cabin economy class is American s economy product and is found on all mainline and regional aircraft in its fleet Seats range from 17 18 5 inches 43 47 cm in width and have 30 32 inches 76 81 cm of pitch American markets a number of rows within the main cabin immediately behind Main Cabin Extra as Main Cabin Preferred which require an extra charge to select for those without status 70 American Airlines marketed increased legroom in economy class as More Room Throughout Coach also referred to as MRTC starting in February 2000 Two rows of economy class seats were removed on domestic narrowbody aircraft resulting in more than half of all standard economy seats having a pitch of 34 inches 86 cm or more 74 Amid financial losses this scheme was discontinued in 2004 75 On many routes American also offers Basic Economy the airline s lowest main cabin fare Basic Economy consists of a Main Cabin ticket with numerous restrictions including waiting until check in for a seat assignment no upgrades or refunds and boarding in the last group 76 Originally Basic Economy passengers could only carry a personal item but American later revised their Basic Economy policies to allow for a carry on bag 77 In May 2017 American announced it would be adding more seats to some of its Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets and reducing overall legroom in the basic economy class The last three rows were to lose 2 inches 5 1 cm going from the current 31 to 29 inches 79 to 74 cm The remainder of the main cabin was to have 30 inches 76 cm of legroom This Project Oasis seating configuration has since been expanded to all 737 MAX 8s as well as standard Boeing 737 800 and non transcontinental Airbus A321 jets New Airbus A321neo jets have been delivered with the same configuration This configuration has been considered unpopular with passengers especially American s frequent flyers as the new seats have less padding less legroom and no seatback entertainment 78 79 Reward programs editAAdvantage edit Main article AAdvantage AAdvantage is the frequent flyer program for American Airlines It was launched on May 1 1981 and it remains the largest frequent flyer program with over 115 million members as of 2021 80 Miles accumulated in the program allow members to redeem tickets upgrade service class or obtain free or discounted car rentals hotel stays merchandise or other products and services through partners The most active members based on the accumulation of Loyalty Points with American Airlines are designated AAdvantage Gold AAdvantage Platinum AAdvantage Platinum Pro and AAdvantage Executive Platinum elite members with privileges such as separate check in priority upgrade and standby processing or free upgrades AAdvantage status correspond with Oneworld status levels allowing elites to receive reciprocal benefits from American s Oneworld partner airlines 81 better source needed AAdvantage co branded credit cards are also available and offer other benefits The cards are issued by CitiCards a subsidiary of Citigroup Barclaycard and Bilt card in the United States 82 by several banks including Butterfield Bank and Scotiabank in the Caribbean 83 84 and by Banco Santander in Brazil 85 AAdvantage allows one way redemption starting at 7 500 miles 86 Admirals Club edit The Admirals Club was conceived by AA president C R Smith as a marketing promotion shortly after he was made an honorary Texas Ranger Inspired by the Kentucky colonels and other honorary title designations Smith decided to make particularly valued passengers admirals of the Flagship fleet AA called its aircraft Flagships at the time 87 better source needed The list of admirals included many celebrities politicians and other VIPs as well as more ordinary customers who had been particularly loyal to the airline citation needed There was no physical Admirals Club until shortly after the opening of LaGuardia Airport During the airport s construction New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia had an upper level lounge set aside for press conferences and business meetings At one such press conference he noted that the entire terminal was being offered for lease to airline tenants after a reporter asked whether the lounge would be leased as well LaGuardia replied that it would and a vice president of AA immediately offered to lease the premises The airline then procured a liquor license and began operating the lounge as the Admirals Club in 1939 88 The second Admirals Club opened at Washington National Airport Because it was illegal to sell alcohol in Virginia at the time the club contained refrigerators for the use of its members so they could store their liquor at the airport 89 For many years membership in the Admirals Club and most other airline lounges was by the airline s invitation After a passenger sued for discrimination 90 the club switched to a paid membership program in 1974 91 92 Flagship Lounge edit Though affiliated with the Admirals Club and staffed by many of the same employees the Flagship Lounge is a separate lounge specifically designed for customers flying in first class and business class on international flights and transcontinental domestic flights 93 Corporate affairs editBusiness trends edit The key trends for American Airlines are as of the financial year ending 31 December 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Net income US million a 7 610 2 676 1 919 1 412 1 686 8 885 1 993 127 822 Number of employees FTE thousands b 98 9 101 103 102 104 78 3 96 8 102 103 Passenger enplanements millions a 201 198 194 203 215 95 3 165 199 210 Load factor a 83 0 81 7 81 9 82 0 84 6 64 1 75 3 82 9 83 5 Fleet size b 946 930 948 956 942 855 865 925 965 References 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 Ownership and structure edit American Airlines Inc is publicly traded through its parent company American Airlines Group Inc under NASDAQ AAL Nasdaq AAL with a market capitalization of about 12 billion as of 2019 and is included in the S amp P 500 index 8 American Eagle is a network of six regional carriers that operate under a codeshare and service agreement with American operating flights to destinations in the United States Canada the Caribbean and Mexico Three of these carriers are independent and three are subsidiaries of American Airlines Group Envoy Air Inc Piedmont Airlines Inc and PSA Airlines Inc 8 Headquarters edit nbsp Image of the signs of the former headquarters American Airlines is headquartered across several buildings in Fort Worth Texas that it calls the Robert L Crandall Campus in honor of former president and CEO Robert Crandall The 1 700 000 square foot 160 000 m2 square foot five building office complex called was designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects 103 The campus is located on 300 acres adjacent to Dallas Fort Worth International Airport American s fortress hub 104 Before it was headquartered in Texas American Airlines was headquartered at 633 Third Avenue in the Murray Hill area of Midtown Manhattan New York City 105 106 In 1979 American moved its headquarters to a site at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport which affected up to 1 300 jobs Mayor of New York City Ed Koch described the move as a betrayal of New York City 107 American moved to two leased office buildings in Grand Prairie Texas 108 On January 17 1983 the airline finished moving into a 150 million 459 000 000 when adjusted for inflation 550 000 square foot 51 000 m2 facility in Fort Worth 147 million about 450 000 000 when adjusted for inflation in Dallas Fort Worth International Airport bonds financed the headquarters The airline began leasing the facility from the airport which owns the facility 108 Following the merger of US Airways and American Airlines the new company consolidated its corporate headquarters in Fort Worth abandoning the US Airways headquarters in Phoenix AZ As of 2015 American Airlines is the corporation with the largest presence in Fort Worth 109 In 2015 American announced that it would build a new headquarters in Fort Worth Groundbreaking began in the spring of 2016 and occupancy completed in September 2019 110 The airline plans to house 5 000 new workers in the building 109 It will be located on a 41 acre 17 ha property adjacent to the airline s flight academy and conference and training center west of Texas State Highway 360 2 miles 3 2 km 110 west from the current headquarters The airline will lease a total of 300 acres 120 ha from Dallas Fort Worth International Airport and this area will include the headquarters 109 Construction of the new headquarters began after the demolition of the Sabre facility previously on the site 110 The airline considered developing a new headquarters in Irving Texas on the old Texas Stadium site before deciding to keep the headquarters in Fort Worth 109 Corporate identity edit nbsp American Airlines fourth logo used from 1967 to January 17 2013 Logo edit In 1931 Goodrich Murphy an American employee designed the AA logo as an entry in a logo contest The eagle in the logo was copied from a Scottish hotel brochure 111 The logo was redesigned by Massimo Vignelli in 1967 112 113 Thirty years later in 1997 American Airlines was able to make its logo Internet compatible by buying the domain AA com AA is also American s two letter IATA airline designator 114 On January 17 2013 American launched a new rebranding and marketing campaign with FutureBrand dubbed A New American This included a new logo which includes elements of the 1967 logo 115 American Airlines faced difficulty obtaining copyright registration for their 2013 logo On June 3 2016 American Airlines sought to register it with the United States Copyright Office 116 but in October of that year the Copyright Office ruled that the logo was ineligible for copyright protection as it did not pass the threshold of originality and was thus in the public domain 116 American requested that the Copyright Office reconsider but on January 8 2018 the Copyright Office affirmed its initial determination 116 117 After American Airlines submitted additional materials the Copyright Office reversed its decision on December 7 2018 and ruled that the logo contained enough creativity to merit copyright protection 118 Aircraft livery edit American s early liveries varied widely but a common livery was adopted in the 1930s featuring an eagle painted on the fuselage 119 The eagle became a symbol of the company and inspired the name of American Eagle Airlines Propeller aircraft featured an international orange lightning bolt running down the length of the fuselage which was replaced by a simpler orange stripe with the introduction of jets 120 In the late 1960s American commissioned designer Massimo Vignelli to develop a new livery The original design called for a red white and blue stripe on the fuselage and a simple AA logo without an eagle on the tail instead Vignelli created a highly stylized eagle which remained the company s logo until January 16 2013 121 nbsp American s previous livery on an MD 83 On January 17 2013 American unveiled a new livery 122 Before then American had been the only major U S airline to leave most of its aircraft surfaces unpainted This was because C R Smith would not say he liked painted aircraft and refused to use any liveries that involved painting the entire plane Robert Bob Crandall later justified the distinctive natural metal finish by noting that less paint reduced the aircraft s weight thus saving on fuel costs 123 In January 2013 American launched a new rebranding and marketing campaign dubbed The New American In addition to a new logo American Airlines introduced a new livery for its fleet The airline calls the new livery and branding a clean and modern update 124 The current design features an abstract American flag on the tail along with a silver painted fuselage as a throw back to the old livery The new design was painted by Leading Edge Aviation Services in California 125 Doug Parker the incoming CEO indicated that the new livery could be short lived stating that maybe we need to do something slightly different than sic that The only reason this is an issue now is that they just did it right in the middle which kind of makes it confusing so that gives us an opportunity actually to decide if we are going to do something different because we have so many airplanes to paint 126 The current logo and livery have had mixed criticism with Design Shack editor Joshua Johnson writing that they boldly and proudly communicate the concepts of American pride and freedom wrapped into a shape that instantly makes you think about an airplane 127 and AskThePilot com author Patrick Smith describing the logo as a linoleum knife poking through a shower curtain 128 Later in January 2013 Bloomberg asked the designer of the 1968 American Airlines logo Massimo Vignelli on his opinion over the rebranding 129 In the end American let their employees decide the new livery s fate On an internal website for employees American posted two options one the new livery and one a modified version of the old livery All of the American Airlines Group employees including US Airways and other affiliates were able to vote 130 American ultimately decided to keep the new look Parker announced that American would keep a US Airways and America West heritage aircraft in the fleet with plans to add a heritage TWA aircraft and a heritage American plane with the old livery 131 As of September 2019 American has heritage aircraft for Piedmont PSA America West US Airways Reno Air TWA and AirCal in their fleet 132 They also have two AA branded heritage 737 800 aircraft an AstroJet N905NN 133 and the polished aluminum livery used from 1967 to 2013 N921NN 134 Customer Service edit American both before and after the merger with US Airways has consistently performed poorly in rankings The Wall Street Journal s annual airline rankings have ranked American as the worst or second worst U S carrier for ten of the past twelve years and in the bottom three of U S Airlines for at least the past twelve years The airline has persistently performed poorly in the areas of losing checked luggage and bumping passengers due to oversold flights 135 Worker relations edit The main representatives of key groups of employees are The Allied Pilots Association is an in house union which represents the nearly 15 000 American Airlines pilots it was created in 1963 after the pilots left the Air Line Pilots Association ALPA 136 However the majority of American Eagle pilots are ALPA members 137 The Association of Professional Flight Attendants represents American Airlines flight attendants including former USAirways flight attendants 138 Flight attendants at wholly owned regional carriers Envoy Piedmont and PSA are all represented by Association of Flight Attendants Communications Workers of America AFA CWA US Airways flight attendants were active members of AFA CWA before the merger and they are honorary lifetime members AFA CWA is the largest flight attendant union in the industry 139 The Transport Workers Union International Association of Machinists alliance TWU IAM represents the majority of American Airlines employed fleet service agents mechanics and other ground workers 140 American s customer service and gate employees belong to the Communications Workers of America International Brotherhood of Teamsters Passenger Service Association 141 Subsidiary companies edit Sky Chefs edit In 1942 American Airlines established Sky Chefs a wholly owned subsidiary as a catering company to serve their fleet 142 In 1986 Sky Chefs was sold to Toronto based Onex Capital Corporation for 170 million 142 143 Sky Chefs became a subsidiary of Onex Food Services Inc 144 citation needed Since 2001 it has been fully owned by the LSG Group 145 146 Flagship Hotels Americana Hotels edit In the late 1960s American Airlines established the Flagship Hotels chain as a subsidiary of Sky Chefs On July 21 1972 American Airlines leased four hotels from the Loews Corporation three of them branded as Americana Hotels for a period of thirty years American merged the hotels with their Flagship Hotels and rebranded the entire chain as Americana Hotels 147 In 1980 American Airlines sold Americana Hotels to Bass Brothers Enterprises of Fort Worth Texas 148 Concerns and conflicts editEnvironmental violations edit Between October 1993 to July 1998 American Airlines was repeatedly cited for using high sulfur fuel in motor vehicles at 10 major airports around the country a violation of the Clean Air Act 149 Lifetime AAirpass edit Main article AAirpass Since 1981 as a means of creating revenue in a period of loss making American Airlines had offered a lifetime pass of unlimited travel for the initial cost of 250 000 150 This entitled the pass holder to fly anywhere in the world Twenty eight were sold However after some time the airline realized they were making losses on the tickets with the ticketholders costing them up to 1 million each Ticketholders were booking large numbers of flights with some ticketholders flying interstate for lunch or flying to London multiple times a month AA raised the cost of the lifetime pass to 3 million and then finally stopped offering it in 2003 AA then used litigation to cancel two of the lifetime offers saying the passes had been terminated due to fraudulent activity 151 Cabin fume events edit In 1988 on American Airlines Flight 132 s approach into Nashville flight attendants notified the cockpit that there was smoke in the cabin The flight crew in the cockpit ignored the warning as on a prior flight a fume event had occurred due to a problem with the auxiliary power unit However the smoke on Flight 132 was caused by improperly packaged hazardous materials According to the NTSB inquiry the cockpit crew persistently refused to acknowledge that there was a serious threat to the aircraft or the passengers even after they were told that the floor was becoming soft and passengers had to be reseated As a result the aircraft was not evacuated immediately on landing exposing the crew and passengers to the threat of smoke and fire longer than necessary 152 153 On April 11 2007 toxic smoke and oil fumes leaked into the aircraft cabin as American Airlines Flight 843 taxied to the gate A flight attendant who was present in the cabin subsequently filed a lawsuit against Boeing stating that she was diagnosed with neurotoxic disorder due to her exposure to the fumes which caused her to experience memory loss tremors and severe headaches She settled with the company in 2011 154 In 2009 Mike Holland deputy chairman for radiation and environmental issues at the Allied Pilots Association and an American Airlines pilot said that the pilot union had started alerting pilots of the danger of contaminated bleed air including contacting crew members that the union thinks were exposed to contamination based on maintenance records and pilot logs 155 In a January 2017 incident on American Airlines Flight 1896 seven flight attendants were hospitalized after a strange odor was detected in the cabin The Airbus A330 involved subsequently underwent a thorough maintenance inspection having been involved in three fume events in three months 156 157 In August 2018 American Airlines flight attendants picketed in front of the Fort Worth company headquarters over a change in sick day policy complaining that exposure to ill passengers toxic uniforms toxic cabin air radiation exposure and other issues were causing them to be sick 158 159 In January 2019 two pilots and three flight attendants on Flight 1897 from Philadelphia to Fort Lauderdale were hospitalized following complaints of a strange odor 160 161 Discrimination complaints edit On October 24 2017 the NAACP issued a travel advisory for American Airlines urging African Americans to exercise caution when traveling with the airline The NAACP issued the advisory after four incidents In one incident a black woman was moved from first class to coach while her white traveling companion was allowed to remain in first class In another incident a black man was forced to give up his seats after being confronted by two unruly white passengers 162 According to the NAACP while they did receive complaints on other airlines most of their complaints in the year before their advisory were on American Airlines 163 In July 2018 the NAACP lifted their travel advisory saying that American has made improvements to mitigate discrimination and unsafe treatment of African Americans 164 Accidents and incidents editThis section is an excerpt from List of American Airlines accidents and incidents edit As of March 2019 American Airlines has had almost sixty aircraft hull losses beginning with the crash of an Ford 5 AT C Trimotor in August 1931 165 166 Of the hull losses most were propeller driven aircraft including three Lockheed L 188 Electra aircraft of which one the crash in 1959 of Flight 320 resulted in fatalities 166 The two accidents with the highest fatalities in both the airline s and U S aviation history were Flight 191 in 1979 and Flight 587 in 2001 167 Out of the 17 hijackings of American Airlines flights two aircraft were hijacked and destroyed in the September 11 attacks Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon 168 Flight 11 which is responsible for an estimated 1700 deaths is the deadliest air crash in the history of aviation There were two training flight accidents in which the crew was killed and six that resulted in no fatalities 166 Another four jet aircraft have been written off due to incidents while they were parked between flights or while undergoing maintenance 166 Carbon footprint editAmerican Airlines reported total CO2e emissions direct and indirect for the twelve months ending December 31 2020 at 20 092 Kt 21 347 51 5 y o y 169 The company aims to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050 170 In November 2023 American Airlines purchased the first carbon credit contract for 10 000 metric tons of CO2 sequestered at 100 per ton from Graphyte a carbon removal startup company invested in by Breakthrough Energy that compresses sawdust tree bark rice hulls plant stalks and other agricultural waste into biomass bricks wrapped in a polymer barrier to prevent decomposition that are stored underground 171 172 American Airline s annual total CO2e emissions Location based scope 1 scope 2 in kilotonnes Dec 2016 Dec 2017 Dec 2018 Dec 2019 Dec 2020 39 254 173 39 388 174 40 604 175 41 439 176 20 092 169 See also editAAirpass Air transportation in the United States List of airlines of the United States List of airports in the United States US Airways which merged with American Airlines in 2013Notes and references editNotes a b c Airline group a b Mainline References a b American Airlines ch aviation Archived from the original on December 24 2016 Retrieved December 27 2016 7340 2F with Change 1 and Change 2 and Change 3 PDF Washington Federal Aviation Administration October 15 2015 pp 3 1 18 Archived PDF from the original on February 3 2017 Retrieved December 27 2016 History of American Airlines Fort Worth American Airlines Group 2015 Archived from the original on March 15 2017 Retrieved June 30 2015 Airline Certificate Information Detail View Washington Federal Aviation Administration May 12 2015 Archived from the original on July 13 2015 Retrieved May 15 2015 Certificate Number AALA025A American Airlines ch aviation Retrieved May 2 2024 Corporate structure American Airlines Archived from the original on June 6 2016 Retrieved March 22 2022 Location 1 Skyview Drive Fort Worth TX 76155 American Airlines Group Inc 2023 Annual Report Form 10 K U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 21 2024 a b c American Airlines Group About us American Airlines Aa com Archived from the original on August 1 2017 Retrieved February 22 2018 American Air signs deal to contract out some flying to SkyWest The Associated Yahoo News September 12 2012 Archived from the original on March 19 2013 Retrieved October 3 2012 Koenig David Bomkamp Samantha November 29 2011 American Airlines parent seeks Ch 11 protection The Seattle Times Archived from the original on December 4 2011 Retrieved December 28 2023 TWA to be bought by American Jan 10 2001 money cnn com Archived from the original on December 5 2018 Retrieved November 14 2019 Pearcy Arthur Douglas DC 3 Survivors Volume 1 Bourne End Bucks UK Aston Publications 1987 ISBN 0 946627 13 4 p 17 Holden Henry DC 3 History Archived September 27 2010 at the Wayback Machine dc3history org Retrieved October 7 2010 Waddington 2000 pp 6 18 Endres 1998 p 16 American Orders 25 Airbus Jets Archived November 4 2021 at the Wayback Machine St Petersburg Times September 14 2011 Endres 1998 pp 25 26 Endres 1998 p 28 Endres 1998 p 52 American Airlines American company Britannica com Archived from the original on November 4 2016 Retrieved November 2 2016 American Airlines Group About Us Customer service www americanairlines in Newsroom Multimedia American Airlines Group Inc Fort Worth American Airlines Group Archived from the original on May 2 2018 Retrieved April 25 2017 a b CLT American Airlines Newsroom Fort Worth American Airlines Group Archived from the original on February 24 2015 a b ORD American Airlines Newsroom Fort Worth American Airlines Group Archived from the original on February 24 2015 a b c d DFW American Airlines Newsroom Fort Worth American Airlines Group Archived from the original on February 24 2015 Los Angeles International Airport Factsheet Fort Worth American Airlines Group Archived from the original on February 24 2015 Klint Matthew May 27 2022 American Airlines Is Retreating Again At LAX Live and Let s Fly Retrieved March 26 2023 a b MIA American Airlines Newsroom Hub aa com Archived from the original on February 24 2015 Retrieved September 17 2016 a b JFK American 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Fume Incident in 3 Months 7 Flight Attendants Transported to Hospital and Released ABC News January 3 2017 Archived February 7 2019 at the Wayback Machine American Airlines flight attendants are gearing up for battle over the company s punitive new attendance policy Archived February 7 2019 at the Wayback Machine Business Insider August 31 2018 American Airlines flight attendants to picket headquarters Thursday Archived August 6 2020 at the Wayback Machine August 29 2018 Chicago Business Journal American Airlines pilots flight attendants fall ill on Philadelphia to Florida flight Archived January 25 2019 at the Wayback Machine USA Today January 11 2019 Five American Airlines staffers hospitalized after noticing odor on plane Archived January 25 2019 at the Wayback Machine Fox News January 10 2019 The NAACP issues travel advisory for American Airlines warning black passengers of disturbing incidents Archived January 25 2019 at the Wayback Machine PBS October 25 2017 NAACP Most 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American Airlines Group Inc s ESG Datasheet for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 13 2021 Alt URL Archived November 13 2021 at the Wayback Machine Net zero carbon emissions by 2050 Archived from the original on November 13 2021 Retrieved November 13 2021 Ballard Ed Ramkumar Amrith November 28 2023 The Newest Airline Climate Solution Burying Sawdust The Wall Street Journal News Corp Retrieved November 28 2023 Graphyte signs first carbon removal purchase agreement with American Airlines 10 000 tons of carbon dioxide removal will be delivered using new Carbon Casting technology Press release PR Newswire November 28 2023 Retrieved November 28 2023 American Airlines Group Inc s ESG Datasheet for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 13 2021 Alt URL Archived November 13 2021 at the Wayback Machine American Airlines Group Inc s ESG Datasheet for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 13 2021 Alt URL Archived November 13 2021 at the Wayback Machine American Airlines Group Inc s ESG Datasheet for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 13 2021 Alt URL Archived November 13 2021 at the Wayback Machine American Airlines Group Inc s ESG Datasheet for 2020Q4 PDF Archived from the original PDF on November 13 2021 Alt URL Archived November 13 2021 at the Wayback MachineFurther reading editBedwell Don 1999 Silverbird the American Airlines story Sandpoint Idaho Airways International ISBN 0 9653993 6 2 OCLC 43762553 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 Capozzi John M 2001 A spirit of greatness stories from the employees of American Airlines 1st ed Fairfield Conn JMC Pub Services ISBN 0 9656410 3 1 OCLC 40986912 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 Casey Albert V 1997 Casey s law if something can go right it should 1st ed New York Arcade Pub ISBN 1 55970 307 5 OCLC 32430679 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 Endres Gunter 1998 McDonnell Douglas DC 10 St Paul Minnesota MBI Publishing Company ISBN 0 7603 0617 6 Forty Simon 1997 American Airlines Vergennes VT Plymouth Press ISBN 1 882663 21 7 OCLC 39542166 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 Hieger Linda H 2010 With wings of silver and gold the history and uniforms of American Airlines stewardesses flight attendants United States ISBN 978 1 60458 271 0 OCLC 682191394 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Reed Dan 1993 The American eagle the ascent of Bob Crandall and American Airlines 1st ed New York St Martin s Press ISBN 0 312 08696 2 OCLC 27173065 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 Serling Robert J 1985 Eagle the story of American Airlines 1st ed New York St Martin s Marek ISBN 0 312 22453 2 OCLC 12107802 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 Waddington Terry 2000 McDonnell Douglas DC 10 Miami Florida World Transport Press ISBN 1 892437 04 X International directory of company histories Vol 27 Detroit Mich St James Press 1999 ISBN 978 1 55862 668 3 OCLC 769042340 Archived from the original on June 25 2022 Retrieved October 1 2021 External links editOfficial website nbsp Official American Airlines Vacations website Archived October 22 2019 at the Wayback Machine Portals nbsp United States nbsp Texas nbsp Companies nbsp AviationAmerican Airlines at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Travel guides from Wikivoyage nbsp Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title American Airlines amp oldid 1224053797, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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