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Hamtramck, Michigan

February 25, 2023

Hamtramck (/hæmˈtræmɪk/ ham-TRAM-ik) is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 28,433. Hamtramck is surrounded by the city of Detroit except for a small portion that borders the fellow enclave city of Highland Park. Hamtramck is by far the most densely populated municipality in the state of Michigan, and the only Muslim-majority town in the United States.[4]

Hamtramck, Michigan
City
City of Hamtramck
Downtown Hamtramck in 2012
Flag
Seal
Location within Wayne County
Hamtramck
Location within the state of Michigan
Hamtramck
Location within the United States
Coordinates: 42°23′52″N 83°03′26″W / 42.39778°N 83.05722°W / 42.39778; -83.05722Coordinates: 42°23′52″N 83°03′26″W / 42.39778°N 83.05722°W / 42.39778; -83.05722
Country United States
State Michigan
County Wayne
Organized1798
Incorporated1901 (village)
1922 (city)
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager
 • MayorAmer Ghalib
 • ManagerKathy Angerer (acting)
Area
[1]
 • City2.09 sq mi (5.41 km2)
 • Land2.09 sq mi (5.41 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation
623 ft (192 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City28,433
 • Density13,604.31/sq mi (5,253.10/km2)
 • Metro
4,285,832 (Metro Detroit)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Zip code(s)
48211, 48212
Area code313
FIPS code26-36280[2]
GNIS feature ID0627707[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Hamtramck Fire Department

Known in the 20th century as a vibrant center of Polish-American life and culture, Hamtramck has attracted new immigrants in the 21st century, especially from Yemen, Bangladesh and Pakistan. In 2013, it reportedly became the first Muslim-majority city in the U.S.[5][6] In 2015, Hamtramck became the first city to have a Muslim-majority city council in the history of the United States, with four of the six council members being Muslim.[7][8][9] In November 2021, Hamtramck elected a completely Muslim-American city council and a Muslim mayor, becoming the first municipality in the United States to be governed entirely by Muslim-Americans.[10]

Name

Hamtramck is named for the French-Canadian soldier Jean François Hamtramck, who was the first American commander of Fort Shelby, the fortification at Detroit.[11] It was originally known as Hamtramck Township.

History

Hamtramck was originally settled by German farmers, but Polish immigrants moved into the area when the Dodge Brothers plant opened in 1914.[12] Poles previously made up a large proportion of the population. It is sometimes confused with Poletown, a traditional Polish neighborhood, which used to lie mostly in the city of Detroit and includes a small part of Hamtramck. As of the 2010 American Community Survey, 14.5% of Hamtramck's population is of Polish origin[13] whereas in 1970 it was 90% Polish.[14]

Over the past thirty years, a large number of immigrants from the Middle East (especially Yemen), India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal, and Southeastern Europe (especially Bosnia and Herzegovina) have moved to the city. As of the 2010 American Community Survey, the city's foreign born population stood at 41.1%,[15] making it Michigan's most internationally diverse city (see more at Demographics below). The population was 43,355 in the 1950 Census and 18,372 in 1990.

Hamtramck was primarily farmland, although the Detroit Stove Works employed 1,300 workers to manufacture stoves. In 1901, part of the township incorporated as a village to gain more control over the settlement's affairs, and by 1922 the village was reincorporated as a city to fend off annexation attempts by the neighboring city of Detroit.[16] By the mid-1920s, 78% of the residents of Hamtramck owned their own houses or were buying their houses.[17] Around that time, the factory workers made up 85% of Hamtramck's heads of households. Of those factory workers, about 50% were categorized as not skilled workers.[18] In 1910, the newly founded Dodge Main assembly plant created jobs for thousands of workers and led to additional millions of dollars in the city.[19] Dodge Main quickly expanded and became important to Hamtramck. Before the construction of Dodge Main, Hamtramck was a largely rural town. The establishment of the Dodge Main assembly plant led to a large influx of Polish immigrants who pushed out the incumbent German politicians. It was after this that Hamtramck was considered a Polish-American town.[20]

By the end of the 20th century and the closing of Dodge Main, followed closely by General Motors razing of key parts of the Polish neighborhoods, the ethnicity of the region quickly shifted from traditionally Polish descendants to new Middle Eastern and Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Nepali immigrants. By the elections of 2015, the city is said to have been the first to elect a Muslim-majority council in the country.[9][21]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.09 square miles (5.41 km2), all land.[22]

Hamtramck is mostly surrounded by Detroit except for its small common border with the city of Highland Park, which is in turn mostly surrounded by Detroit. Hamtramck lies about 5 miles (8.0 km) from the center of Detroit. The I-75 freeway roughly runs along this city's western border and I-94 runs near its southern border.

Culture

Hamtramck flourished from 1910 to 1920 as thousands of European immigrants, particularly Poles, were attracted by the growing automobile industry. The city has grown increasingly ethnically diverse but still bears many reminders of its Polish ancestry in family names, street names and businesses.[12] A recent survey[when?] found 26 native languages spoken by Hamtramck schoolchildren. The city's motto was "A League of Nations".[23] Neal Rubin of The Detroit News wrote in 2010 that despite the demographic changes, "In a lot of ways, Hamtramck still feels like a Polish enclave."[24]

In 1987, Detroit television station WDIV ran one episode of a local sit-com called Hamtramck which featured former Detroit Tigers pitcher Dave Rozema and a cameo by manager Sparky Anderson. It was met with poor reviews and protests by many Polish Americans, and was canceled before airing a second episode.[citation needed]

At the time of the 2000 census, Hamtramck was again experiencing considerable growth, with over 8,000 households and a population of almost 23,000.[citation needed]

The 8,000-square-foot (740 m2) Hamtramck Historical Museum and the Polish Art Center are next door to one another.[25]

In 1997, the Utne Reader named Hamtramck one of "the 15 hippest neighborhoods in the U.S. and Canada" in part for its punk and alternative music scene, its Buddhist temple, its cultural diversity, and its laid-back blue-collar neighborhoods.[26] In May 2003, Maxim Blender selected Hamtramck as the second "Most Rock N' Roll City" in the U.S., behind Williamsburg in Brooklyn, New York City. Hamtramck is home of several of Michigan's most distinguished music venues.

In January 2004, members of the Al-Islah Islamic Center requested permission to use loudspeakers for the purpose of broadcasting the Islamic call to prayer. This request set off a contentious debate in the city, about the noise that would be caused by the call to prayer, eventually garnering national attention.[27] Ultimately Hamtramck amended its noise ordinance in July 2004, allowing for the prayer calls to be made.[28][29]

Hamtramck Disneyland is an art installation in the city built on two garages out of metal.[30]

Hamtramck festivals

Pączki Day

Polish immigrants and residents of Hamtramck and southeastern Michigan celebrate Tłusty Wtorek (Fat Tuesday), known locally as Pączki Day,[31] by lining up at the city's numerous Polish bakeries to purchase pączki. On Pączki Day, several local bars host parties with live entertainment and free pączki.[32]

Hamtramck Music Festival

The "Hamtramck Music Festival" is an annual Independent music festival held in March in Hamtramck. It is currently sponsored by Bens Encore and the local Artist Community.[33] In 2011, almost 200 bands played the Blowout at 14 venues over four days.[34]

St. Florian Strawberry Festival

Held annually in the first weekend in May at grounds at St. Florian Church.

Hamtramck Labor Day Festival

The Hamtramck Labor Day Festival is held on Labor Day weekend, ending with the Polish Day Parade on Labor Day. The festival includes live music on two stages, a carnival area, beer, and food tents extending the half-mile (1 km) stretch of Joseph Campau Street, from Caniff to Carpenter.[35]

Planet Ant Film & Video Festival in Hamtramck

Held at the Planet Ant Theater, the festival celebrates independent movies and the people who make them, featuring comedies, dramas, documentaries, animation and music videos.[36]

Economy

General Motors' Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly plant, one of the automaker's premiere facilities, produced the Chevrolet Volt, the Cadillac CT6, the Chevrolet Impala and the Buick Lacrosse; it was closed in March 2019,[37] and retooled as Factory ZERO for 2021 Hummer EV by GMC.

In April 2009, American Axle announced that it planned to close its plant at the Hamtramck/Detroit border, thus eliminating several hundred jobs in the area. As of February 2014, most of the 1.9 million-square-foot former facility has been demolished.[38][39]

The Polish Art Center, at 9539 Joseph Campau Street, is a local institution in Hamtramck. The center promotes the preservation of Polish heritage through its display of cultural artifacts, often exhibited at festivals, schools and libraries. The center also hosts lectures, book signings, workshops, folk-art demonstrations, and pisanki-making classes.[40]

The Ukrainian American Archives & Museum of Detroit is located at 9630 Joseph Campau Ave.[41] It was formerly at 11756 Charest Street. The Museum's purpose is "to educate and inform the general public about the culture, art, and history of Ukrainians, their immigration to the United States and the contributions of Americans of Ukrainian descent to America; to engage in research in these areas; to maintain archives for the deposit of documents and other records relating to these topics; to acquire, preserve, exhibit artifacts of artistic, historical, and scientific value relating to these subjects; to sponsor public programs in order to study and preserve the heritage of Ukrainian Americans."[42]

For more than 85 years, Kowalski Sausage Co. has manufactured meat products at 2270 Holbrook Street, which are distributed in the metropolitan Detroit area.[43]

Notwithstanding the statement in the credits that it was filmed "in Detroit, Michigan", the 1998 Indie film Polish Wedding was filmed mainly in Hamtramck, particularly at a house on Wyandotte Street.[44] Theresa Connelly, who wrote and directed the film, had spent her childhood in Hamtramck.

 
Hamtramck Post Office

In December 2010, citing general budget woes and the city of Detroit withholding a portion of shared revenue for the Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly plant straddling the border of both cities, Hamtramck requested that the State of Michigan allow it to declare bankruptcy. The request was denied.[45] Receivership was avoided when a deal was struck between the city and Detroit which required Detroit to pay $3.2 million in collected taxes to Hamtramck in exchange for Hamtramck paying Detroit nearly the same amount for a water and sewage bill that was in arrears.[46]

The United States Postal Service operates the Hamtramck Post Office at 2933 Caniff Street.[47] The post office annex is located at 14600 Dequindre Street in the City of Detroit.[48]

Sports

Hamtramck is home to Detroit City FC (DCFC) a professional American soccer club that plays in United Soccer League Championship (USLC), the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The club plays their home matches at Keyworth Stadium, which is owned by Hamtramck Public Schools. The club is managed by Trevor James, a former Ipswich Town F.C. player who later was an assistant coach and scout under Bobby Robson.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19103,559—
192048,6151,266.0%
193056,26815.7%
194049,839−11.4%
195043,555−12.6%
196034,137−21.6%
197026,783−21.5%
198021,300−20.5%
199018,372−13.7%
200022,97625.1%
201022,423−2.4%
202028,43326.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[49]

2020 census

As of the census[50] of 2020, there were 28,433 people residing in the city. The population density was 13,539.52 inhabitants per square mile (5,227.6/km2). There were 8,139 occupied housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 55.9% White (people of European, Middle Eastern and North African descent), 10.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 26.9% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 6.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents, of any race, were 1.1% of the population.

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 22,423 people, 8,897 households, and 5,115 families residing in the city. The population density was 12,753.8 inhabitants per square mile (4,924.3/km2). There were 8,693 housing units at an average density of 4,159.3 per square mile (1,605.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 53.5% White, 19.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 21.5% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 7,063 households, of which 43.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.3% were married couples living together, 18.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.7% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.98.

The median age in the city was 28.8 years. 31.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 20.7% were from 45 to 64; and 7.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.6% male and 48.4% female.

2000 census

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 22,976 people, 8,033 households, and 4,851 families residing in the city. The population density was 10,900.5 per square mile (4,208.7/km2), making it the most densely populated city in Michigan.[51] There were 8,894 housing units at an average density of 4,219.6 per square mile (1,629.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 60.96% White (which includes people of Middle Eastern ancestry), 15.12% African American, 0.43% Native American, 10.37% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 1.14% from other races, and 11.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.31% of the population.

In the 2000 census, major ancestry groups reported by Hamtramck residents were as follows:

3.1% of Hamtramck's population reported Albanian ancestry. This made it the second most Albanian place in the United States by percentage of the population, second only to Fairview, North Carolina.[52]

There were 8,033 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.59.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 10.8% 18 through 24, 31.9% 25 through 44, 17.7% 45 through 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,616, and the median income for a family was $30,496. Males had a median income of $29,368 versus $22,346 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,691. About 24.1% of families and 27.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.9% of those under age 18 and 18.1% of those age 65 or over.

From the 1990 census to the 2000 census, the city's population increased by 25%. Sally Howell, author of "Competing for Muslims: New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit", wrote that this was "overwhelmingly" due to immigration from majority Muslim countries.[53]

From 1990 to 2000, of all of the municipalities in Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties, Hamtramck had the highest percentage growth in the Asian population. It had 222 Asians according to the 1990 U.S. Census and 2,382 according to the 2000 U.S. Census, an increase of 973%.[54]

Ethnic groups

See also: History of the Polish Americans in Metro Detroit

Historically, Hamtramck received a lot of immigration from Eastern Europe. In the 20th century, Hamtramck was mostly Polish.[55] George Tysh of the Metro Times stated that "In the early days of the auto industry, Hamtramck's population swelled with Poles, so much so that you were more likely to hear Polish spoken on Joseph Campau than any other tongue."[56] Later waves of immigration brought Albanians, Bosnians, Macedonians, Ukrainians, and Yemenis.[56] By 2001 many Bangladeshis, Bosnians, and Iraqi Chaldeans were moving to Hamtramck.[55] As of 2011 almost one in five Hamtramck residents was Asian (excluding those from South-west Asia).[57] As of 2003, over 30 languages are spoken in Hamtramck and more than four religions are present. The four principal religions are, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.[58]

In June 2013, the city's Human Relations Commission facilitated the raising of flags of 18 countries from which Hamtramck residents emigrated. They are displayed on Joseph Campau Street, with an American flag flying at either end.[59]

Bangladeshi-Bengali people

 
Bangladeshi mural in Detroit

In the 1930s, the first group of Bangladeshi-Bengalis came to Detroit and Hamtramck.[60] The first significant population of Bengalis began arriving in the late 1980s and the Bengalis became a large part of the city's population in the 1990s.[56] The largest growth occurred in the 1990s and 2000s.[60] By 2001 many Bangladeshi Americans had moved from New York City, particularly Astoria, Queens, to Hamtramck and the east side of Detroit. Many moved because of lower costs of living, larger amounts of space, work available in small factories, and the large Muslim community in Metro Detroit. Many Bangladeshi Americans moved into Queens, and then onwards to Metro Detroit.[55]

In 2002, over 80% of the Bangladeshi population within Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties lived in Hamtramck and some surrounding neighborhoods in Detroit.[54] That area overall had almost 1,500 ethnic Bangladeshis.[61] Almost 75% of Bangladeshi Michiganders live in Hamtramck.[60]

By 2002, a Bengali business district formed along Conant Avenue and some residents called it "Little Bengal".[56] The district, along Caniff and Conant streets, included markets, stores, mosques, and bakeries owned by Bangladeshis, Indians, and Pakistanis.[60] By 2008 the Bengali business district, between Davison and Harold Street, and partially within the city limits of Detroit, received the honorary title "Bangladesh Avenue" and was to be dedicated as such on November 8, 2008. Akikul H. Shamin, the president of the Bangladesh Association of Michigan, estimated that Bangladeshi people operate 80% of the buildings and businesses in the portion of Conant Avenue.[62] As of February 2008 the city planned to erect signage reading "Bangladesh Town" in the business district.[63]

In 2002, the estimate of Hamtramck inhabitants of origins from South Asia was from 7,000 to 10,000. As of 2001, 900 registered students who spoke Bengali and Urdu attended Hamtramck Public Schools.[56]

As of 2014, there are over 13 Bengali clothing shops in the city.[64][65][66]

Yemeni people

See also: History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit
 
Yemeni mural by Dasic Fernandez

As of 2006, most of the Middle Eastern population in Hamtramck is Yemeni. Hakim Almasmari wrote in 2006 that "Several streets seem to be populated exclusively by Yemeni Americans, and Yemeni culture pervades the city's social, business, and political life."[67] Many Yemeni restaurants are in Hamtramck, and the Yemeni community operates the Mu'ath bin Jabal Mosque (Arabic: مسجد معاذ بن جبل),[67] which was established in 1976.[68] In 2005 the mosque, located just outside the southeastern border of Hamtramck, was the largest mosque out of the ten within a three-mile radius. Sally Howell, author of "Competing for Muslims: New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit", wrote that the mosque "has been credited" by public officials and area Muslims "with having turned around one of Detroit's roughest neighborhoods at the height of the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s, making its streets safe, revitalizing a dormant housing market, attracting new business to the area, and laying the foundation for an ethnically mixed, highly visible Muslim population in Detroit and Hamtramck."[69]

According to Almasmari, some of the first Yemenis to have arrived in Hamtramck said that Yemeni people first arrived in Hamtramck in the 1960s.[67] The "Building Islam in Detroit: Foundations/Forms/Futures" project of the University of Michigan stated that Yemenis began arriving in the 1970s.[68]

In 2013 Dasic Fernandez, a Chilean artist, created a 90-foot (27 m) by 30-foot (9.1 m) mural on the Sheeba restaurant celebrating the Yemeni population. The mural depicts a girl in a veil decorated with the blue sky, a farmer wearing a turban, and a woman in a hijab. The Arab American and Chaldean Council and the coalition OneHamtramck commissioned the mural.[70]

Religious and political issues

In the 2000s a Bengali mosque named the Al-Islah Jamee Masjid wanted permission to broadcast the adhan, the Islamic call to prayer, from loudspeakers outside of the mosque and requested permission to do so from the city government. It was one of the newer mosques in Hamtramck. Sally Howell, author of "Competing for Muslims: New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit", wrote that the request "brought to a head simmering Islamophobic sentiments" in Hamtramck.[69] Muslims and interfaith activists supported the mosque. Some anti-Muslim activists, including some from other states including Kentucky and Ohio, participated in the controversy.[69] Howell added that the controversy, through an "international media storm", gave "a cathartic test of the "freedoms" we were said to be "fighting for" in Afghanistan and Iraq" to the remainder of the United States.[69] In 2004 the city council voted unanimously to allow mosques to broadcast the adhan on public streets, making it one of the few U.S. cities to allow this to occur. Some individuals had strongly objected to the allowing of the adhan,[71] some continue to object. In 2015, some residents complained that they could hear the electronically amplified call to prayer inside their homes five times a day, with one of those daily times being at 6 A.M.[7]

In 2023, the Hamtramck City Council approved animal slaughtering in households for Muslim religious purposes.[72]

Government

 
City hall

Hamtramck is governed under a council-manager form of government in which the elected mayor of the city is the chief executive officer. The city council consists of six seats. Though part of the council, the mayor is elected separately, and votes only in the case of a tie and on ordinances and contracts. The city council hires a city manager, who becomes the city's chief administrative officer. The city manager has the vested powers and responsibility to appoint and remove all city employees and department heads, prepare the city's budget, and other city functions.[73]

The current Hamtramck City Hall is a former hospital building. In 1927 the Hamtramck Municipal Hospital, housed in a Georgian Revival building, opened. The Mayor of Hamtramck asked the Sisters of Saint Francis to operate the hospital. In 1931 the religious order began leasing the hospital from the city government for $1 per year. The hospital was renamed the Saint Francis Hospital. During its lifetime it offered services to Polish-speakers. In 1969 the hospital closed and the building became the city's city hall.[74]

In November 2015, Hamtramck became the first American city to elect a Muslim-majority city council.[7][8] In 2022 it became the first American city to have an all-Muslim government.[75] The Wayne County Jail Division operates The William Dickerson Detention Facility in Hamtramck.[76] The city levies a city income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0.5 percent on nonresidents.[77]

Education

 
Hamtramck Public Schools headquarters

Public schools

Hamtramck is served by Hamtramck Public Schools.[78] Hamtramck High School is the public high school of Hamtramck. In addition Hanley International Academy, Frontier International Academy,[79] Hamtramck Academy, Bridge Academy (of the Global Educational Excellence (GEE) company), Caniff Liberty Academy[80] and Oakland International Academy[81] are all charter schools, in Hamtramck.[82] Frontier International Academy, a charter school operated by GEE, is in nearby Detroit.[83]

Private schools

Hamtramck was historically a Polish Catholic community, so it housed Catholic schools by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit. One of the buildings once used by Hanley charter school was previously St. Florian Elementary School.[82] The other Catholic primary schools included Our Lady Queen of Apostles[84] and St. Ladislaus Elementary School.[85] The city also housed St. Florian High School, a Catholic high school which opened in 1940 and was located in another wing of the same building as St. Florian.[86]

The parishes that established St. Florian, Our Lady Queen of Apostles, and St. Ladislaus had been built after 1909. In 1925 2,217 students attended St. Florian, making it the largest Catholic elementary school in the city.[84] That year, St. Ladislaus had 1,540 students,[87] Vinyard, p. 183.</ref> and Our Lady Queen of Apostles had 1,316 students.[88] JoEllen McNergney Vinyard, author of For Faith and Fortune: The Education of Catholic Immigrants in Detroit, 1805-1925, wrote that the classrooms were "more crowded than most any Polish parish school in Detroit."[84] In the Catholic schools in Hamtramck there were often 70 students per classroom compared to 45 students per classroom in Hamtramck public schools. It was common for children to attend religious schools selectively during certain periods so they could absorb religious ideals, but go to public school for preschool and later stages.[87] In the 1920s Hamtramck had no Catholic high school and the majority of parents sent their children to public high school. Felician Academy and St. Josephat's Polish Catholic High School, two schools in Detroit, were located several blocks away from the Hamtramck border. Some parents sent their children to those schools.[18]

In 1992 Dickinson West Elementary School opened in the former St. Ladislaus building.[85] In the fall of 2002, St. Florian High and Bishop Gallagher High School in Harper Woods merged to form Trinity Catholic High School in Harper Woods. At that point, St. Florian Elementary remained open.[86] In 2005 the archdiocese announced that St. Florian Elementary would close. After St. Florian Elementary's closing, no Catholic schools are located within the city limits of Hamtramck. During the same year, the archdiocese announced that Trinity High School would close.[89]

History of education

In the 1920s Hamtramck families often sent their children to public school for Kindergarten due to convenience, then moved their children to parochial schools during the periods with the most important religious instruction. Therefore, the age group 7 to 12 had the largest Catholic school enrollment. After the critical period ended, many students returned to public school. In 1925 the public schools had 1,467 students of ages 14–15 while the non-public schools had 217 students aged 14 and 15.[18] In the early 1920s the annual growth rate of Hamtramck Public Schools buildings was 27% while non-public schools had an annual growth rate of 6% in that period.[84]

In the 1920s there was a high level of school dropout in Hamtramck. During the decade Hamtramck had three 12th-grade students per 100 5th-grade students while the City of Detroit had 21 12th-grade students per 100 5th-grade students. In the 1920s 58% of 16-year-olds and 85% of 17-year-olds in Hamtramck were no longer attending high school.[18] One public school survey stated that in 1924-1925 65% of male school dropouts began working in factories.[17]

Public libraries

 
Hamtramck Public Library

Hamtramck Public Library Albert J. Zak Memorial is located at 2360 Caniff.[90] The Tau Beta Association founded the library in November 1918. The library opened at its second location, the second floor of a professional building, on November 14, 1938. In 1951 the City Hall branch opened in the first floor of the municipal building; it was dedicated on January 22, 1952. The current library received its groundbreaking ceremony on July 5, 1955. It was completed on May 31, 1956, and dedicated on July 1, 1956.[91]

Timeline

  • 1796: Colonel Jean François Hamtramck took possession of Detroit after British troops evacuated.
  • 1798: The Township of Hamtramck was established.[12]
  • 1901: Hamtramck was established as a village.[12]
  • 1908: Saint Florian Roman Catholic Church parish is the first Catholic church in Hamtramck.[92]
  • 1910: Dodge Brothers Motor Car Company break ground for an automotive plant in Hamtramck; rapid influx of European immigrants begins.[12]
  • 1914: Dodge Brothers plant begins operations.[93]
  • 1922: Hamtramck is incorporated as a city to protect itself from annexation by Detroit; Peter C. Jezewski is the first mayor.[12]
  • 1926: St. Florian's present edifice is built.[92] It has a 1928 Austin Organ Opus #1528 that contains 3 Manuals and 40 ranks,[94] which was newly refurbished in 2008.[95]
  • 1959: Won the Little League World Series of Baseball.[96] Hamtramck was a hotbed of baseball activity at the time, and was the first Michigan team to win the title;[96] the next time a team from Michigan won the title was Taylor in 2021.[97][98]
  • 1996: In November, voters pass the Ordinance to Preserve Parkland in Hamtramck by a 64% vote, after a year-long campaign, marking the first time an ordinance was ever enacted in the City by a referendum vote of the population.[99]
  • 2000: Hamtramck goes into Emergency Financial Status after running million dollar deficits and political in-fighting. Gov. Engler appoints Louis Schimmel as Emergency Financial Manager.[100]
  • 2005: Hamtramck voters ratify a new City Charter[101]
  • 2007: Hamtramck emerges from emergency financial management.
  • 2010: Hamtramck asked the state of Michigan permission to file for bankruptcy protection.
  • 2013: Hamtramck becomes the first Muslim-majority American city.[7][8]
  • 2014: Hamtramck reenters emergency management.[102]
  • 2015: Hamtramck becomes the first American city to elect a Muslim-majority city council.[7][8]
  • 2018: The city is released from emergency management for the second time.[103]
  • 2022: Hamtramck becomes the first American city with an all-Muslim government.[75]
  • 2023: Hamtramck City Council approves animal sacrifices for religious purposes.[104]

In 1910 Hamtramck, then a village, had 3,559 residents. Between 1910 and 1920 Hamtramck's population grew by 1,266 percent. The growth of Hamtramck and neighboring Highland Park broke records for increases of population; both municipalities withstood annexation efforts from Detroit.[105]

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ^ "Hamtramck". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
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References

Further reading

  • Farmer, Silas. (1884) (Jul 1969) The history of Detroit and Michigan, or, The metropolis illustrated: a chronological cyclopaedia of the past and present: including a full record of territorial days in Michigan, and the annuals of Wayne County, in various formats at Open Library.
  • Kowalski, Greg. Hamtramck: The World War II Years. Arcadia Publishing, 2007. ISBN 0738551414, ISBN 9780738551418.
  • Kowalski, Greg, Hamtramck: The Driven City (Arcadia Publishing) 160 pages. ISBN 0-7385-2380-1 ISBN 978-0-7385-2380-4.
  • Serafino, Frank, (1983) West of Warsaw. Avenue Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-910977-00-5 ISBN 0-910977-00-3.
  • St. Florian Parish, Hamtramck, Michigan, 1908-1983 Published in 1985, s.n. (Hamtramck, Mich) (English and Polish) 400 p. Open Library.
  • Wodka, Joseph. Some Correlates of Political Stability in a Polish-Language Voting Precinct in the Detroit Metropolitan Area; 1959 thesis.
  • Hamtramck Consent Decree () - United States Department of Justice
  • Davey, Monica. "Michigan Town Is Left Pleading for Bankruptcy." The New York Times. December 27, 2010.
  • "Should Hamtramck Erect A 12-Foot Wall To Keep Out Detroiters?" (Archive) CBS Detroit July 19, 2013.
  • Walker, Marlon A. "Possible fraud cited in Hamtramck primary, information sent to prosecutor's office." Detroit Free Press. September 9, 2013.
  • Charles Sercombe: "Councilmember's open letter on city manager." The Hamtramck Review, December 30, 2015
  • Larsen, Deborah J. (May/June 2021). "Michigan's Banglatown". Michigan History. 105 (3). Lansing, Mich.: Historical Society of Michigan.

External links

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hamtramck-Highland Park.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hamtramck, Michigan.
  • City of Hamtramck
  • Hamtramck Chamber of Commerce
  • Hamtramck, Michigan at Curlie

February 25, 2023
hamtramck, michigan, hamtramck, tram, city, wayne, county, state, michigan, 2020, census, city, population, hamtramck, surrounded, city, detroit, except, small, portion, that, borders, fellow, enclave, city, highland, park, hamtramck, most, densely, populated,. Hamtramck h ae m ˈ t r ae m ɪ k ham TRAM ik is a city in Wayne County in the U S state of Michigan As of the 2020 census the city population was 28 433 Hamtramck is surrounded by the city of Detroit except for a small portion that borders the fellow enclave city of Highland Park Hamtramck is by far the most densely populated municipality in the state of Michigan and the only Muslim majority town in the United States 4 Hamtramck MichiganCityCity of HamtramckDowntown Hamtramck in 2012FlagSealLocation within Wayne CountyHamtramckLocation within the state of MichiganShow map of MichiganHamtramckLocation within the United StatesShow map of the United StatesCoordinates 42 23 52 N 83 03 26 W 42 39778 N 83 05722 W 42 39778 83 05722 Coordinates 42 23 52 N 83 03 26 W 42 39778 N 83 05722 W 42 39778 83 05722Country United StatesState MichiganCountyWayneOrganized1798Incorporated1901 village 1922 city Government TypeCouncil manager MayorAmer Ghalib ManagerKathy Angerer acting Area 1 City2 09 sq mi 5 41 km2 Land2 09 sq mi 5 41 km2 Water0 00 sq mi 0 00 km2 Elevation623 ft 192 m Population 2020 City28 433 Density13 604 31 sq mi 5 253 10 km2 Metro4 285 832 Metro Detroit Time zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT Zip code s 48211 48212Area code313FIPS code26 36280 2 GNIS feature ID0627707 3 WebsiteOfficial websiteHamtramck Fire Department Known in the 20th century as a vibrant center of Polish American life and culture Hamtramck has attracted new immigrants in the 21st century especially from Yemen Bangladesh and Pakistan In 2013 it reportedly became the first Muslim majority city in the U S 5 6 In 2015 Hamtramck became the first city to have a Muslim majority city council in the history of the United States with four of the six council members being Muslim 7 8 9 In November 2021 Hamtramck elected a completely Muslim American city council and a Muslim mayor becoming the first municipality in the United States to be governed entirely by Muslim Americans 10 Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Geography 4 Culture 4 1 Hamtramck festivals 4 1 1 Paczki Day 4 1 2 Hamtramck Music Festival 4 1 3 St Florian Strawberry Festival 4 1 4 Hamtramck Labor Day Festival 4 1 5 Planet Ant Film amp Video Festival in Hamtramck 5 Economy 6 Sports 7 Demographics 7 1 2020 census 7 2 2010 census 7 3 2000 census 7 4 Ethnic groups 7 4 1 Bangladeshi Bengali people 7 4 2 Yemeni people 7 5 Religious and political issues 8 Government 9 Education 9 1 Public schools 9 2 Private schools 9 3 History of education 9 4 Public libraries 10 Timeline 11 Notable people 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External linksName EditHamtramck is named for the French Canadian soldier Jean Francois Hamtramck who was the first American commander of Fort Shelby the fortification at Detroit 11 It was originally known as Hamtramck Township History EditHamtramck was originally settled by German farmers but Polish immigrants moved into the area when the Dodge Brothers plant opened in 1914 12 Poles previously made up a large proportion of the population It is sometimes confused with Poletown a traditional Polish neighborhood which used to lie mostly in the city of Detroit and includes a small part of Hamtramck As of the 2010 American Community Survey 14 5 of Hamtramck s population is of Polish origin 13 whereas in 1970 it was 90 Polish 14 Over the past thirty years a large number of immigrants from the Middle East especially Yemen India Pakistan Bangladesh and Nepal and Southeastern Europe especially Bosnia and Herzegovina have moved to the city As of the 2010 American Community Survey the city s foreign born population stood at 41 1 15 making it Michigan s most internationally diverse city see more at Demographics below The population was 43 355 in the 1950 Census and 18 372 in 1990 Hamtramck was primarily farmland although the Detroit Stove Works employed 1 300 workers to manufacture stoves In 1901 part of the township incorporated as a village to gain more control over the settlement s affairs and by 1922 the village was reincorporated as a city to fend off annexation attempts by the neighboring city of Detroit 16 By the mid 1920s 78 of the residents of Hamtramck owned their own houses or were buying their houses 17 Around that time the factory workers made up 85 of Hamtramck s heads of households Of those factory workers about 50 were categorized as not skilled workers 18 In 1910 the newly founded Dodge Main assembly plant created jobs for thousands of workers and led to additional millions of dollars in the city 19 Dodge Main quickly expanded and became important to Hamtramck Before the construction of Dodge Main Hamtramck was a largely rural town The establishment of the Dodge Main assembly plant led to a large influx of Polish immigrants who pushed out the incumbent German politicians It was after this that Hamtramck was considered a Polish American town 20 By the end of the 20th century and the closing of Dodge Main followed closely by General Motors razing of key parts of the Polish neighborhoods the ethnicity of the region quickly shifted from traditionally Polish descendants to new Middle Eastern and Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi and Nepali immigrants By the elections of 2015 the city is said to have been the first to elect a Muslim majority council in the country 9 21 Geography EditAccording to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 2 09 square miles 5 41 km2 all land 22 Hamtramck is mostly surrounded by Detroit except for its small common border with the city of Highland Park which is in turn mostly surrounded by Detroit Hamtramck lies about 5 miles 8 0 km from the center of Detroit The I 75 freeway roughly runs along this city s western border and I 94 runs near its southern border Culture EditHamtramck flourished from 1910 to 1920 as thousands of European immigrants particularly Poles were attracted by the growing automobile industry The city has grown increasingly ethnically diverse but still bears many reminders of its Polish ancestry in family names street names and businesses 12 A recent survey when found 26 native languages spoken by Hamtramck schoolchildren The city s motto was A League of Nations 23 Neal Rubin of The Detroit News wrote in 2010 that despite the demographic changes In a lot of ways Hamtramck still feels like a Polish enclave 24 In 1987 Detroit television station WDIV ran one episode of a local sit com called Hamtramck which featured former Detroit Tigers pitcher Dave Rozema and a cameo by manager Sparky Anderson It was met with poor reviews and protests by many Polish Americans and was canceled before airing a second episode citation needed At the time of the 2000 census Hamtramck was again experiencing considerable growth with over 8 000 households and a population of almost 23 000 citation needed The 8 000 square foot 740 m2 Hamtramck Historical Museum and the Polish Art Center are next door to one another 25 In 1997 the Utne Reader named Hamtramck one of the 15 hippest neighborhoods in the U S and Canada in part for its punk and alternative music scene its Buddhist temple its cultural diversity and its laid back blue collar neighborhoods 26 In May 2003 Maxim Blender selected Hamtramck as the second Most Rock N Roll City in the U S behind Williamsburg in Brooklyn New York City Hamtramck is home of several of Michigan s most distinguished music venues In January 2004 members of the Al Islah Islamic Center requested permission to use loudspeakers for the purpose of broadcasting the Islamic call to prayer This request set off a contentious debate in the city about the noise that would be caused by the call to prayer eventually garnering national attention 27 Ultimately Hamtramck amended its noise ordinance in July 2004 allowing for the prayer calls to be made 28 29 Hamtramck Disneyland is an art installation in the city built on two garages out of metal 30 Hamtramck festivals Edit Paczki Day Edit Polish immigrants and residents of Hamtramck and southeastern Michigan celebrate Tlusty Wtorek Fat Tuesday known locally as Paczki Day 31 by lining up at the city s numerous Polish bakeries to purchase paczki On Paczki Day several local bars host parties with live entertainment and free paczki 32 Hamtramck Music Festival Edit The Hamtramck Music Festival is an annual Independent music festival held in March in Hamtramck It is currently sponsored by Bens Encore and the local Artist Community 33 In 2011 almost 200 bands played the Blowout at 14 venues over four days 34 St Florian Strawberry Festival Edit Held annually in the first weekend in May at grounds at St Florian Church Hamtramck Labor Day Festival Edit The Hamtramck Labor Day Festival is held on Labor Day weekend ending with the Polish Day Parade on Labor Day The festival includes live music on two stages a carnival area beer and food tents extending the half mile 1 km stretch of Joseph Campau Street from Caniff to Carpenter 35 Planet Ant Film amp Video Festival in Hamtramck Edit Held at the Planet Ant Theater the festival celebrates independent movies and the people who make them featuring comedies dramas documentaries animation and music videos 36 Economy EditGeneral Motors Detroit Hamtramck Assembly plant one of the automaker s premiere facilities produced the Chevrolet Volt the Cadillac CT6 the Chevrolet Impala and the Buick Lacrosse it was closed in March 2019 37 and retooled as Factory ZERO for 2021 Hummer EV by GMC In April 2009 American Axle announced that it planned to close its plant at the Hamtramck Detroit border thus eliminating several hundred jobs in the area As of February 2014 most of the 1 9 million square foot former facility has been demolished 38 39 The Polish Art Center at 9539 Joseph Campau Street is a local institution in Hamtramck The center promotes the preservation of Polish heritage through its display of cultural artifacts often exhibited at festivals schools and libraries The center also hosts lectures book signings workshops folk art demonstrations and pisanki making classes 40 The Ukrainian American Archives amp Museum of Detroit is located at 9630 Joseph Campau Ave 41 It was formerly at 11756 Charest Street The Museum s purpose is to educate and inform the general public about the culture art and history of Ukrainians their immigration to the United States and the contributions of Americans of Ukrainian descent to America to engage in research in these areas to maintain archives for the deposit of documents and other records relating to these topics to acquire preserve exhibit artifacts of artistic historical and scientific value relating to these subjects to sponsor public programs in order to study and preserve the heritage of Ukrainian Americans 42 For more than 85 years Kowalski Sausage Co has manufactured meat products at 2270 Holbrook Street which are distributed in the metropolitan Detroit area 43 Notwithstanding the statement in the credits that it was filmed in Detroit Michigan the 1998 Indie film Polish Wedding was filmed mainly in Hamtramck particularly at a house on Wyandotte Street 44 Theresa Connelly who wrote and directed the film had spent her childhood in Hamtramck Hamtramck Post Office In December 2010 citing general budget woes and the city of Detroit withholding a portion of shared revenue for the Detroit Hamtramck Assembly plant straddling the border of both cities Hamtramck requested that the State of Michigan allow it to declare bankruptcy The request was denied 45 Receivership was avoided when a deal was struck between the city and Detroit which required Detroit to pay 3 2 million in collected taxes to Hamtramck in exchange for Hamtramck paying Detroit nearly the same amount for a water and sewage bill that was in arrears 46 The United States Postal Service operates the Hamtramck Post Office at 2933 Caniff Street 47 The post office annex is located at 14600 Dequindre Street in the City of Detroit 48 Sports EditHamtramck is home to Detroit City FC DCFC a professional American soccer club that plays in United Soccer League Championship USLC the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid The club plays their home matches at Keyworth Stadium which is owned by Hamtramck Public Schools The club is managed by Trevor James a former Ipswich Town F C player who later was an assistant coach and scout under Bobby Robson Demographics EditHistorical population CensusPop Note 19103 559 192048 6151 266 0 193056 26815 7 194049 839 11 4 195043 555 12 6 196034 137 21 6 197026 783 21 5 198021 300 20 5 199018 372 13 7 200022 97625 1 201022 423 2 4 202028 43326 8 U S Decennial Census 49 2020 census Edit As of the census 50 of 2020 there were 28 433 people residing in the city The population density was 13 539 52 inhabitants per square mile 5 227 6 km2 There were 8 139 occupied housing units The racial makeup of the city was 55 9 White people of European Middle Eastern and North African descent 10 0 African American 0 1 Native American 26 9 Asian 1 0 from other races and 6 0 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 1 1 of the population 2010 census Edit As of the census of 2010 there were 22 423 people 8 897 households and 5 115 families residing in the city The population density was 12 753 8 inhabitants per square mile 4 924 3 km2 There were 8 693 housing units at an average density of 4 159 3 per square mile 1 605 9 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 53 5 White 19 2 African American 0 2 Native American 21 5 Asian 0 6 from other races and 4 7 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 4 of the population There were 7 063 households of which 43 2 had children under the age of 18 living with them 40 3 were married couples living together 18 1 had a female householder with no husband present 7 0 had a male householder with no wife present and 34 7 were non families 28 9 of all households were made up of individuals and 9 2 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 3 09 and the average family size was 3 98 The median age in the city was 28 8 years 31 7 of residents were under the age of 18 12 2 were between the ages of 18 and 24 27 9 were from 25 to 44 20 7 were from 45 to 64 and 7 7 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 51 6 male and 48 4 female 2000 census Edit As of the census 2 of 2000 there were 22 976 people 8 033 households and 4 851 families residing in the city The population density was 10 900 5 per square mile 4 208 7 km2 making it the most densely populated city in Michigan 51 There were 8 894 housing units at an average density of 4 219 6 per square mile 1 629 2 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 60 96 White which includes people of Middle Eastern ancestry 15 12 African American 0 43 Native American 10 37 Asian 0 10 Pacific Islander 1 14 from other races and 11 89 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 31 of the population In the 2000 census major ancestry groups reported by Hamtramck residents were as follows Bangladeshi 19 7 Pakistani 11 0 Polish 10 9 Arab excluding Iraqi and Lebanese 9 2 Macedonian 5 5 Asian Indian 5 4 Black or African American 5 1 Ukrainian 3 2 Albanian 2 8 Irish 2 2 German 1 9 Italian 1 8 Russian 1 4 English 1 1 French excluding the Basques 0 8 Lebanese 0 7 Scottish 0 7 Iraqi 0 5 Yugoslav 0 5 Mexican 0 2 3 1 of Hamtramck s population reported Albanian ancestry This made it the second most Albanian place in the United States by percentage of the population second only to Fairview North Carolina 52 There were 8 033 households out of which 33 3 had children under the age of 18 living with them 37 3 were married couples living together 16 1 had a female householder with no husband present and 39 6 were non families 32 2 of all households were made up of individuals and 13 3 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 74 and the average family size was 3 59 In the city the population was spread out with 27 8 under the age of 18 10 8 18 through 24 31 9 25 through 44 17 7 45 through 64 and 11 9 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 32 years For every 100 females there were 110 4 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 109 6 males The median income for a household in the city was 26 616 and the median income for a family was 30 496 Males had a median income of 29 368 versus 22 346 for females The per capita income for the city was 12 691 About 24 1 of families and 27 0 of the population were below the poverty line including 36 9 of those under age 18 and 18 1 of those age 65 or over From the 1990 census to the 2000 census the city s population increased by 25 Sally Howell author of Competing for Muslims New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit wrote that this was overwhelmingly due to immigration from majority Muslim countries 53 From 1990 to 2000 of all of the municipalities in Wayne Oakland and Macomb counties Hamtramck had the highest percentage growth in the Asian population It had 222 Asians according to the 1990 U S Census and 2 382 according to the 2000 U S Census an increase of 973 54 Ethnic groups Edit See also History of the Polish Americans in Metro Detroit Historically Hamtramck received a lot of immigration from Eastern Europe In the 20th century Hamtramck was mostly Polish 55 George Tysh of the Metro Times stated that In the early days of the auto industry Hamtramck s population swelled with Poles so much so that you were more likely to hear Polish spoken on Joseph Campau than any other tongue 56 Later waves of immigration brought Albanians Bosnians Macedonians Ukrainians and Yemenis 56 By 2001 many Bangladeshis Bosnians and Iraqi Chaldeans were moving to Hamtramck 55 As of 2011 almost one in five Hamtramck residents was Asian excluding those from South west Asia 57 As of 2003 over 30 languages are spoken in Hamtramck and more than four religions are present The four principal religions are Islam Christianity Hinduism and Buddhism 58 In June 2013 the city s Human Relations Commission facilitated the raising of flags of 18 countries from which Hamtramck residents emigrated They are displayed on Joseph Campau Street with an American flag flying at either end 59 Bangladeshi Bengali people Edit Bangladeshi mural in Detroit In the 1930s the first group of Bangladeshi Bengalis came to Detroit and Hamtramck 60 The first significant population of Bengalis began arriving in the late 1980s and the Bengalis became a large part of the city s population in the 1990s 56 The largest growth occurred in the 1990s and 2000s 60 By 2001 many Bangladeshi Americans had moved from New York City particularly Astoria Queens to Hamtramck and the east side of Detroit Many moved because of lower costs of living larger amounts of space work available in small factories and the large Muslim community in Metro Detroit Many Bangladeshi Americans moved into Queens and then onwards to Metro Detroit 55 In 2002 over 80 of the Bangladeshi population within Wayne Oakland and Macomb counties lived in Hamtramck and some surrounding neighborhoods in Detroit 54 That area overall had almost 1 500 ethnic Bangladeshis 61 Almost 75 of Bangladeshi Michiganders live in Hamtramck 60 By 2002 a Bengali business district formed along Conant Avenue and some residents called it Little Bengal 56 The district along Caniff and Conant streets included markets stores mosques and bakeries owned by Bangladeshis Indians and Pakistanis 60 By 2008 the Bengali business district between Davison and Harold Street and partially within the city limits of Detroit received the honorary title Bangladesh Avenue and was to be dedicated as such on November 8 2008 Akikul H Shamin the president of the Bangladesh Association of Michigan estimated that Bangladeshi people operate 80 of the buildings and businesses in the portion of Conant Avenue 62 As of February 2008 the city planned to erect signage reading Bangladesh Town in the business district 63 In 2002 the estimate of Hamtramck inhabitants of origins from South Asia was from 7 000 to 10 000 As of 2001 900 registered students who spoke Bengali and Urdu attended Hamtramck Public Schools 56 As of 2014 there are over 13 Bengali clothing shops in the city 64 65 66 Yemeni people Edit See also History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit Yemeni mural by Dasic Fernandez As of 2006 most of the Middle Eastern population in Hamtramck is Yemeni Hakim Almasmari wrote in 2006 that Several streets seem to be populated exclusively by Yemeni Americans and Yemeni culture pervades the city s social business and political life 67 Many Yemeni restaurants are in Hamtramck and the Yemeni community operates the Mu ath bin Jabal Mosque Arabic مسجد معاذ بن جبل 67 which was established in 1976 68 In 2005 the mosque located just outside the southeastern border of Hamtramck was the largest mosque out of the ten within a three mile radius Sally Howell author of Competing for Muslims New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit wrote that the mosque has been credited by public officials and area Muslims with having turned around one of Detroit s roughest neighborhoods at the height of the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s making its streets safe revitalizing a dormant housing market attracting new business to the area and laying the foundation for an ethnically mixed highly visible Muslim population in Detroit and Hamtramck 69 According to Almasmari some of the first Yemenis to have arrived in Hamtramck said that Yemeni people first arrived in Hamtramck in the 1960s 67 The Building Islam in Detroit Foundations Forms Futures project of the University of Michigan stated that Yemenis began arriving in the 1970s 68 In 2013 Dasic Fernandez a Chilean artist created a 90 foot 27 m by 30 foot 9 1 m mural on the Sheeba restaurant celebrating the Yemeni population The mural depicts a girl in a veil decorated with the blue sky a farmer wearing a turban and a woman in a hijab The Arab American and Chaldean Council and the coalition OneHamtramck commissioned the mural 70 Religious and political issues Edit In the 2000s a Bengali mosque named the Al Islah Jamee Masjid wanted permission to broadcast the adhan the Islamic call to prayer from loudspeakers outside of the mosque and requested permission to do so from the city government It was one of the newer mosques in Hamtramck Sally Howell author of Competing for Muslims New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit wrote that the request brought to a head simmering Islamophobic sentiments in Hamtramck 69 Muslims and interfaith activists supported the mosque Some anti Muslim activists including some from other states including Kentucky and Ohio participated in the controversy 69 Howell added that the controversy through an international media storm gave a cathartic test of the freedoms we were said to be fighting for in Afghanistan and Iraq to the remainder of the United States 69 In 2004 the city council voted unanimously to allow mosques to broadcast the adhan on public streets making it one of the few U S cities to allow this to occur Some individuals had strongly objected to the allowing of the adhan 71 some continue to object In 2015 some residents complained that they could hear the electronically amplified call to prayer inside their homes five times a day with one of those daily times being at 6 A M 7 In 2023 the Hamtramck City Council approved animal slaughtering in households for Muslim religious purposes 72 Government Edit City hall Hamtramck is governed under a council manager form of government in which the elected mayor of the city is the chief executive officer The city council consists of six seats Though part of the council the mayor is elected separately and votes only in the case of a tie and on ordinances and contracts The city council hires a city manager who becomes the city s chief administrative officer The city manager has the vested powers and responsibility to appoint and remove all city employees and department heads prepare the city s budget and other city functions 73 The current Hamtramck City Hall is a former hospital building In 1927 the Hamtramck Municipal Hospital housed in a Georgian Revival building opened The Mayor of Hamtramck asked the Sisters of Saint Francis to operate the hospital In 1931 the religious order began leasing the hospital from the city government for 1 per year The hospital was renamed the Saint Francis Hospital During its lifetime it offered services to Polish speakers In 1969 the hospital closed and the building became the city s city hall 74 In November 2015 Hamtramck became the first American city to elect a Muslim majority city council 7 8 In 2022 it became the first American city to have an all Muslim government 75 The Wayne County Jail Division operates The William Dickerson Detention Facility in Hamtramck 76 The city levies a city income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0 5 percent on nonresidents 77 Education Edit Hamtramck Public Schools headquarters Public schools Edit Hamtramck is served by Hamtramck Public Schools 78 Hamtramck High School is the public high school of Hamtramck In addition Hanley International Academy Frontier International Academy 79 Hamtramck Academy Bridge Academy of the Global Educational Excellence GEE company Caniff Liberty Academy 80 and Oakland International Academy 81 are all charter schools in Hamtramck 82 Frontier International Academy a charter school operated by GEE is in nearby Detroit 83 Private schools Edit Hamtramck was historically a Polish Catholic community so it housed Catholic schools by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit One of the buildings once used by Hanley charter school was previously St Florian Elementary School 82 The other Catholic primary schools included Our Lady Queen of Apostles 84 and St Ladislaus Elementary School 85 The city also housed St Florian High School a Catholic high school which opened in 1940 and was located in another wing of the same building as St Florian 86 The parishes that established St Florian Our Lady Queen of Apostles and St Ladislaus had been built after 1909 In 1925 2 217 students attended St Florian making it the largest Catholic elementary school in the city 84 That year St Ladislaus had 1 540 students 87 Vinyard p 183 lt ref gt and Our Lady Queen of Apostles had 1 316 students 88 JoEllen McNergney Vinyard author of For Faith and Fortune The Education of Catholic Immigrants in Detroit 1805 1925 wrote that the classrooms were more crowded than most any Polish parish school in Detroit 84 In the Catholic schools in Hamtramck there were often 70 students per classroom compared to 45 students per classroom in Hamtramck public schools It was common for children to attend religious schools selectively during certain periods so they could absorb religious ideals but go to public school for preschool and later stages 87 In the 1920s Hamtramck had no Catholic high school and the majority of parents sent their children to public high school Felician Academy and St Josephat s Polish Catholic High School two schools in Detroit were located several blocks away from the Hamtramck border Some parents sent their children to those schools 18 In 1992 Dickinson West Elementary School opened in the former St Ladislaus building 85 In the fall of 2002 St Florian High and Bishop Gallagher High School in Harper Woods merged to form Trinity Catholic High School in Harper Woods At that point St Florian Elementary remained open 86 In 2005 the archdiocese announced that St Florian Elementary would close After St Florian Elementary s closing no Catholic schools are located within the city limits of Hamtramck During the same year the archdiocese announced that Trinity High School would close 89 History of education Edit Hamtramck High School In the 1920s Hamtramck families often sent their children to public school for Kindergarten due to convenience then moved their children to parochial schools during the periods with the most important religious instruction Therefore the age group 7 to 12 had the largest Catholic school enrollment After the critical period ended many students returned to public school In 1925 the public schools had 1 467 students of ages 14 15 while the non public schools had 217 students aged 14 and 15 18 In the early 1920s the annual growth rate of Hamtramck Public Schools buildings was 27 while non public schools had an annual growth rate of 6 in that period 84 In the 1920s there was a high level of school dropout in Hamtramck During the decade Hamtramck had three 12th grade students per 100 5th grade students while the City of Detroit had 21 12th grade students per 100 5th grade students In the 1920s 58 of 16 year olds and 85 of 17 year olds in Hamtramck were no longer attending high school 18 One public school survey stated that in 1924 1925 65 of male school dropouts began working in factories 17 Public libraries Edit Hamtramck Public Library Hamtramck Public Library Albert J Zak Memorial is located at 2360 Caniff 90 The Tau Beta Association founded the library in November 1918 The library opened at its second location the second floor of a professional building on November 14 1938 In 1951 the City Hall branch opened in the first floor of the municipal building it was dedicated on January 22 1952 The current library received its groundbreaking ceremony on July 5 1955 It was completed on May 31 1956 and dedicated on July 1 1956 91 Timeline Edit St Florian Church 1796 Colonel Jean Francois Hamtramck took possession of Detroit after British troops evacuated 1798 The Township of Hamtramck was established 12 1901 Hamtramck was established as a village 12 1908 Saint Florian Roman Catholic Church parish is the first Catholic church in Hamtramck 92 1910 Dodge Brothers Motor Car Company break ground for an automotive plant in Hamtramck rapid influx of European immigrants begins 12 1914 Dodge Brothers plant begins operations 93 1922 Hamtramck is incorporated as a city to protect itself from annexation by Detroit Peter C Jezewski is the first mayor 12 1926 St Florian s present edifice is built 92 It has a 1928 Austin Organ Opus 1528 that contains 3 Manuals and 40 ranks 94 which was newly refurbished in 2008 95 1959 Won the Little League World Series of Baseball 96 Hamtramck was a hotbed of baseball activity at the time and was the first Michigan team to win the title 96 the next time a team from Michigan won the title was Taylor in 2021 97 98 1996 In November voters pass the Ordinance to Preserve Parkland in Hamtramck by a 64 vote after a year long campaign marking the first time an ordinance was ever enacted in the City by a referendum vote of the population 99 2000 Hamtramck goes into Emergency Financial Status after running million dollar deficits and political in fighting Gov Engler appoints Louis Schimmel as Emergency Financial Manager 100 2005 Hamtramck voters ratify a new City Charter 101 2007 Hamtramck emerges from emergency financial management 2010 Hamtramck asked the state of Michigan permission to file for bankruptcy protection 2013 Hamtramck becomes the first Muslim majority American city 7 8 2014 Hamtramck reenters emergency management 102 2015 Hamtramck becomes the first American city to elect a Muslim majority city council 7 8 2018 The city is released from emergency management for the second time 103 2022 Hamtramck becomes the first American city with an all Muslim government 75 2023 Hamtramck City Council approves animal sacrifices for religious purposes 104 In 1910 Hamtramck then a village had 3 559 residents Between 1910 and 1920 Hamtramck s population grew by 1 266 percent The growth of Hamtramck and neighboring Highland Park broke records for increases of population both municipalities withstood annexation efforts from Detroit 105 Notable people EditJane Bartkowicz tennis player and girls single winner at The Championships Wimbledon was born in Hamtramck and her skills were developed under the tutelage of the Hoxies 106 Albert M Bielawski Michigan State Representative lived in Hamtramck Mike Blyzka Major League Baseball pitcher born in Hamtramck Matt Feazell cartoonist Bob Franke singer songwriter born in Hamtramck Steve Gromek Major League Baseball pitcher born in Hamtramck John Hodiak 1914 1955 actor raised in Hamtramck 107 Jean Hoxie Hamtramck tennis player and coach 108 inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame in 1965 109 110 111 Gail Kobe actress born and raised in Hamtramck 112 Truth Martini pro wrestling manager for Ring of Honor Warith Deen Mohammed 1933 2008 son of Elijah Muhammad leader of American Society of Muslims born in Hamtramck 113 Bill Nahorodny Major League Baseball catcher Lucien Nedzi Former US Representative Tom Paciorek Major League Baseball player member of the 1961 Hamtramck team that won the Pony League World Series championship Paciorek is enshrined into the National Polish American Sports Hall of Fame Wally Palmar born Volodymyr Palamarchuk on April 27 1954 in Hamtramck singer for The Romantics Mitch Ryder singer The Detroit Wheels born in Hamtramck 114 Jeffrey Sinelli restaurateur founder of Genghis Grill and Which Wich lived in Hamtramck as a child 115 Kat Timpf comedian columnist Fox News personality Rudy Tomjanovich professional basketball player and coach of Croatian descent for the Houston Rockets born in Hamtramck 116 member of the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame Tom Tyler 1903 1954 actor retired to and died in Hamtramck 107 Doug Wozniak Michigan state representative 117 Roger Zatkoff 1931 2021 NFL player for the Green Bay Packers and Detroit Lions 118 Bob Zurke 1912 1944 pianist composer arranger and bandleader Raymond Zussman 1917 1944 recipient of the Medal of Honor Toi Derricotte born 1941 poet Hamtramck See also Edit Michigan portalIslam in Metro DetroitNotes Edit 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved May 21 2022 a b U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved 2008 01 31 Hamtramck Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior Bailey Sarah Pulliam 2015 11 21 In the first majority Muslim U S city residents tense about its future Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 2022 05 28 Bailey Sarah Pulliam 2015 11 21 In the first majority Muslim U S city residents tense about its future Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 2021 09 24 Aghajanian Liana 2017 02 09 Don t Tell Donald Trump There s a City in Michigan That s Majority Muslim Teen Vogue Retrieved 2021 09 24 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b c d e Bailey Sarah Pullman 21 November 2015 In the only majority Muslim U S city residents tense about its future Washington Post Retrieved 22 November 2015 a b c d Felton Ryan 15 November 2015 Michigan town said to have first majority Muslim city council in US The Guardian Retrieved 22 November 2015 a b Warikoo Niraj January 25 2016 Muslim majority council reflects Hamtramck diversity Detroit Free Press Retrieved January 25 2016 Feng Zhaoyin November 16 2021 The US city run by Muslim Americans BBC News Retrieved 17 November 2021 Kowalski 2003 p 4 a b c d e f City of Hamtramck Michigan Official WebSite www hamtramck us Archived from the original on 10 February 2008 Retrieved 17 January 2022 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved 28 February 2012 Seidner Stanley S 1976 In Quest of a Cultural Identity An Inquiry for the Polish Community New York IUME Teachers College Columbia University ISBN ERIC ED167674 https www census gov not specific enough to verify Kowalski 2003 p 14 a b Vinyard p 184 a b c d Vinyard p 183 184 Kowalski 2003 p 109 Kowalski 2003 Buncombe Andrew 9 November 2015 US city of Hamtramck becomes first to elect Muslim majority council The city was a traditionally Polish Catholic enclave of Detroit The Independent New York Retrieved January 25 2016 US Gazetteer files 2010 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on 2012 01 25 Retrieved 2012 11 25 Our Polish Story ourstoryof com Retrieved 2020 12 25 Rubin Neal First generation seniors at Hamtramck High adopt culture of prom Archived 2014 04 16 at the Wayback Machine The Detroit News May 18 2010 Retrieved on April 15 2014 Zaniewski Ann You haven t lived here until You visit the Hamtramck Historical Museum Detroit Free Press September 29 2013 Retrieved on April 15 2014 Hip Hamtown Model D In a changing city voices raised over call to prayer Usatoday Com 2004 04 19 Retrieved 2017 01 26 Archived copy PDF hamtramckstar com Archived from the original PDF on 19 August 2007 Retrieved 17 January 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Islamic Call To Prayer Sounding Sweeter In Hamtramck Crossing The Lines archives wdet org Retrieved 2016 01 05 Tuesday Walter Wasacz Unofficial Art Model D Retrieved 1 June 2022 Paczki Day Archived March 15 2008 at the Wayback Machine Paczki Day Archived March 15 2008 at the Wayback Machine City of Hamtramck website Hamtramck Music Festival 2016 hamtramckmusicfestival com Archived from the original on 2 March 2014 Retrieved 6 September 2016 Hamtramck Music Festival More than 200 acts think local Detroit Free Press freep com Retrieved 6 September 2016 Hamtramck Labor Day Festival details Hamtramck Star Archived from the original on 2009 02 27 Retrieved 2009 04 19 Absolute Michigan Planet Ant Film amp Video Festival in Hamtramck Absolute Michigan 13 June 2007 Chevy Volt production will add 550 new jobs in Detroit says GM Autoblog American Axle says it will close down last remaining plant Hamtramck Review Retrieved 2017 01 26 American Axle Manufacturing Detroit Axle Plant in Hamtramck reduced to rubble MLive 23 February 2014 Retrieved 2021 04 18 Polish Art Center About Us polartcenter com Retrieved 2020 04 26 Visit Ukrainian American Archives amp Museum www ukrainianmuseumdetroit org Archived from the original on 2021 04 12 Welcome to the Ukrainian American Archives amp Museum of Detroit Ukrainianmuseumdetroit org Archived from the original on 2016 09 09 Retrieved 6 September 2016 The Kowalski Story www kowality com Archived from the original on 11 December 2007 Retrieved 16 January 2023 Polish Wedding 1998 IMDb 17 July 1998 Michigan Town Is Left Pleading for Bankruptcy by Monica Davey The New York Times published 27 December 2010 Hamtramck Neighboring Detroit Settle Tax Dispute by Kate Linebaugh The Wall Street Journal published 23 March 2011 Post Office Location HAMTRAMCK United States Postal Service Retrieved on April 17 2009 Post Office Location HAMTRAMCK ANNEX United States Postal Service Retrieved on April 17 2009 Census of Population and Housing Census gov Retrieved June 4 2015 2020 Decennial Census Public Transportation in Michigan An Economic Development Tool Whose Time Has Come legislative committee report PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2010 01 28 Retrieved 2017 01 26 Albanian Ancestry Search Albanian Genealogy by City ePodunk com epodunk com Howell p 210 a b Metzger Kurt and Jason Booza Asians in the United States Michigan and Metropolitan Detroit Archived 2013 11 09 at the Wayback Machine Center for Urban Studies Wayne State University January 2002 Working Paper Series No 7 p 7 Retrieved on November 6 2013 a b c Kershaw Sarah Queens to Detroit A Bangladeshi Passage The New York Times March 8 2001 Retrieved on May 10 2013 a b c d e Tysh George Little Bengal Archive Metro Times June 5 2002 Retrieved on September 8 2013 Steele Micki Asian Americans settle in Metro Detroit enclaves Archived 2016 01 02 at the Wayback Machine The Detroit News EN 2011 04 19 Almost one in five residents of Troy is Asian The same is true for Hamtramck Cultures mix easily in Hamtramck The Detroit News May 28 2003 Retrieved on September 9 2013 Abdel Razzaq Lauren Flags raised to mark diversity of Hamtramck The Detroit News June 15 2013 dead link a b c d Metzger Kurt and Jason Booza Asians in the United States Michigan and Metropolitan Detroit Archived 2013 11 09 at the Wayback Machine Center for Urban Studies Wayne State University January 2002 Working Paper Series No 7 p 10 Retrieved on November 6 2013 Metzger Kurt and Jason Booza Asians in the United States Michigan and Metropolitan Detroit Archived 2013 11 09 at the Wayback Machine Center for Urban Studies Wayne State University January 2002 Working Paper Series No 7 p 13 Retrieved on November 6 2013 Piligian Ellen Hamtramck s Global Vibe Bangladesh Avenue Archive Model D Media October 28 2008 Retrieved on September 8 2013 Cecil Angel HAMTRAMCK CITY WANTS TO TOUT ITS DIVERSITY Detroit Free Press February 7 2008 News p B3 Retrieved on September 9 2013 City officials will erect signs along Conant to name the strip Bangladesh Town in acknowledgement of the Bangladeshi owned restaurants grocery and clothing stores on the avenue and The city s Downtown Development Authority says Hamtramck has evolved in the past 20 years to include a touch of Yemen Bangladesh and some hip DeVito Lee WDET explores Hamtramck s Bangladeshi clothing shops Archive Metro Times May 19 2014 Retrieved on October 5 2014 Hamtramck police chief officer flying to Bangladesh to train cadets learn culture MLive com 16 September 2014 Retrieved 2016 01 05 Police chief on his way to Bangladesh for diversity training Hamtramck Review www thehamtramckreview com Retrieved 2016 01 05 a b c Almasmari Hakim Hamtramck Michigan A Yemeni oasis Archive Yemen Observer November 21 2006 Retrieved on September 9 2013 a b Masjid Mu ath Bin Jabal Archive University of Michigan Retrieved on December 10 2015 a b c d Howell p 209 Abdel Razzaq Lauren New mural helps Yemeni immigrants see themselves in Hamtramck Archived 2014 01 07 at the Wayback Machine The Detroit News Also at Archived 2014 01 07 at the Wayback Machine The Republic December 16 2013 Retrieved on January 6 2014 Hamtramck OKs prayer call over heated objections The Detroit News April 28 2004 Retrieved on September 9 2013 Document ID det18788929 HAMTRAMCK The City Council on Tuesday night approved an ordinance to allow mosques to broadcast the Islamic call to prayer onto public streets over some heated objections The unanimous vote by the council makes it one of the few cities in the United States to approve the practice This is about uniting our community said Shabad Ahmed 37 a Bangladeshi immigrant and the first and only Muslim member of the Hamtramck City Council Supporters of the change outnumbered Hamtramck city council to approve religious animal sacrifices at home Retrieved January 11 2023 City Of Hamtramck Government Hamtramck us Retrieved 2017 01 26 Ashlee p 504 a b Burr Alyssa January 18 2022 Michigan city becomes first in the country to inaugurate all Muslim government Mlive Retrieved January 18 2022 Jail Division Archived 2012 10 29 at the Wayback Machine Wayne County Retrieved on November 5 2012 3501 Hamtramck Dr Hamtramck MI 48212 Gibbons Lauren August 16 2017 Michigan State University city of East Lansing at odds over proposed income tax MLive Lansing Mlive Media Group Retrieved August 16 2017 Home Hamtramck Public Schools Hamtramck k12 mi us Retrieved 2017 01 26 Frontier International Academy Frontier home Frontier academy net Retrieved 2017 01 26 Caniff Liberty Academy Retrieved August 7 2013 Oakland International Academy Retrieved August 7 2013 a b Montemurri Patricia NEW CATHOLIC HIGH PROPOSED Archived 2012 11 06 at the Wayback Machine Detroit Free Press January 30 2006 News E2 Retrieved on April 17 2011 St Florian Elementary in Hamtramck now Hanley International Academy GEE Academies Archived 2015 09 08 at the Wayback Machine Global Educational Excellence Retrieved on September 1 2015 13200 Conant Street Detroit MI 48212 and Frontier is located in the heart of Hamtramck one of the most diverse cities in the Detroit metropolitan area a b c d Vinyard p 182 a b Dickinson West Elementary School Hamtramck Public Schools Retrieved on November 5 2012 2650 Caniff Hamtramck MI 48212 a b Mercer Tenisha Schools merge form Trinity High The Detroit News June 5 2002 Metro 6E Retrieved on April 29 2011 a b Vinyard p 183 Vinyard p 182 183 Pratt Chastity Patricia Montemurri and Lori Higgins PARENTS KIDS SCRAMBLE AS EDUCATION OPTIONS NARROW Archived 2013 07 21 at the Wayback Machine Detroit Free Press March 17 2005 A1 News Retrieved on April 30 2011 School closings announced Wednesday by the Archdiocese of Detroit doomed eight high schools in Detroit and neighboring suburbs and will shutter 10 elementary schools including historic landmarks such as St Alphonsus Elementary in Dearborn and St Florian Elementary in Hamtramck and said Jean Irvin Stanley who has children at Trinity High and Notre Dame High both scheduled to shut their doors And with the closing of St Florian Elementary there will be no Catholic school in once heavily Polish Catholic Hamtramck Welcome to the Hamtramck Public Library Hamtramck Public Library Retrieved on April 26 2009 About Archived 2009 06 14 at the Wayback Machine Hamtramck Public Library Retrieved on April 26 2009 a b Saint Florian Roman Catholic Church Hamtramck MI Stflorianparish org Retrieved 2017 01 26 Detroit Pictures Pix of the Motor City Angelfire com Retrieved 2017 01 26 austin opus db xls PDF Austinorgans com Retrieved 2017 01 26 Saint Florian Roman Catholic Church stflorianparish org Archived from the original on 2008 01 30 a b Kulfan Ted August 10 2010 Pinky Deras The greatest Little Leaguer there ever was The Detroit News Hamtramck Michigan Retrieved 2010 11 09 Green Marsha August 29 2021 Taylor North wins Little League World Series Title NBC Sports Retrieved August 29 2021 via MSN com Art Pinky Deras and Greatet Little Leaguer Ever Dies June 5 2022 Detroit News Welcome to Hamtramck Archived from the original on 2008 02 10 Privatization and Hamtramck Mackinac Center City Charter passes by 153 votes Hamtown Confidential Hamtramck Star Archived from the original on 2010 12 12 Retrieved 2017 01 26 EM says the city is poised to get emergency state loan Hamtramck Review www thehamtramckreview com Retrieved 2016 01 05 Ramirez Charles E Hamtramck released from receivership Detroit News Retrieved 2 March 2018 https www msn com en us news us michigan s muslim majority city council approves animal sacrifice for religious purposes ar AA16eHbz Detroit Suburbs Ahead in Census The New York Times May 16 1920 Retrieved on April 11 2009 Michigan Sports Hall of Fame biography 2008 Archived from the original on 2008 10 06 Retrieved 2009 05 20 a b Hamtramck Hollywood Connection 2008 Archived from the original on 2014 08 10 Retrieved 2009 05 20 Pitrone Jean 1985 Jean Hoxie the Robin Hood of Tennis Avenue Pub Co ISBN 0 910977 01 1 ISBN 978 0 910977 01 2 129 pages Michigan Sports Hall of Fame Michigansportshof org Archived from the original on 2008 07 20 Retrieved 2017 01 26 Class of 86 www mhsteca org Archived from the original on 22 April 2001 Retrieved 17 January 2022 Rochelle Larry 2007 Ten Mile Creek BookSurge Publishing ISBN 1 4196 6665 7 ISBN 978 1 4196 6665 0 190 pages a novel about Toledo tennis and Hamtramck Samir Alley 2012 10 01 Welcome Hamtramckhistory org Retrieved 2017 01 26 obituary The Times London September 11 2008 Retrieved 2009 05 21 VH1 Mitch Ryder biography 2008 Retrieved 2008 03 26 Sekules Kate February 1 2012 The Top 25 American Food Entrepreneurs Gourmet Live Retrieved December 12 2013 Taylor Phil hey Call Anytime Archived 2012 07 24 at archive today Sports Illustrated July 4 1994 Retrieved on April 11 2009 State Representative Douglas Wozniak PDF Michigan Legislature 2021 Retrieved August 5 2022 Indians Scalp Red Sox As Yankees Dodgers Falter Toledo Blade September 19 1951 Page 30 Google News 30 of 54 Retrieved on September 20 2009 References EditAshlee Laura Rose ed 2005 Traveling Through Time A Guide to Michigan s Historical Markers University of Michigan Press ISBN 0472030663 Howell Sally June 30 2010 Competing for Muslims New Strategies for Urban Renewal in Detroit Located in Shryock Andrew editor Islamophobia Islamophilia Beyond the Politics of Enemy and Friend Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253004543 Kowalski Greg 2003 Hamtramck Soul of a City Charleston SC Arcadia ISBN 9780738523200 Vinyard JoEllen McNergney January 1 1998 For Faith and Fortune The Education of Catholic Immigrants in Detroit 1805 1925 University of Illinois Press ISBN 9780252067075 Further reading EditFarmer Silas 1884 Jul 1969 The history of Detroit and Michigan or The metropolis illustrated a chronological cyclopaedia of the past and present including a full record of territorial days in Michigan and the annuals of Wayne County in various formats at Open Library Kowalski Greg Hamtramck The World War II Years Arcadia Publishing 2007 ISBN 0738551414 ISBN 9780738551418 Kowalski Greg Hamtramck The Driven City Arcadia Publishing 160 pages ISBN 0 7385 2380 1 ISBN 978 0 7385 2380 4 Serafino Frank 1983 West of Warsaw Avenue Publishing Co ISBN 978 0 910977 00 5 ISBN 0 910977 00 3 St Florian Parish Hamtramck Michigan 1908 1983 Published in 1985 s n Hamtramck Mich English and Polish 400 p Open Library Wodka Joseph Some Correlates of Political Stability in a Polish Language Voting Precinct in the Detroit Metropolitan Area 1959 thesis Hamtramck Consent Decree Archive United States Department of Justice Davey Monica Michigan Town Is Left Pleading for Bankruptcy The New York Times December 27 2010 Should Hamtramck Erect A 12 Foot Wall To Keep Out Detroiters Archive CBS Detroit July 19 2013 Walker Marlon A Possible fraud cited in Hamtramck primary information sent to prosecutor s office Detroit Free Press September 9 2013 Charles Sercombe Councilmember s open letter on city manager The Hamtramck Review December 30 2015 Larsen Deborah J May June 2021 Michigan s Banglatown Michigan History 105 3 Lansing Mich Historical Society of Michigan External links Edit Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hamtramck Highland Park Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hamtramck Michigan City of Hamtramck Hamtramck Chamber of Commerce Hamtramck Michigan at Curlie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hamtramck Michigan amp oldid 1138449956, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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