fbpx
Wikipedia

Far-right politics in Australia

January 16, 2023

Far-right politics in Australia describes authoritarian ideologies, including fascism and White supremacy as they manifest in Australia.

In Australia the far-right first came to public attention with the formation in 1931 of the New Guard in Sydney and its offshoot, the Centre Party in 1933. These proto-fascist groups were monarchist, anti-communist and authoritarian in outlook. These early far-right groups were followed by the explicitly fascist Australia First Movement (1941). Far-right groups and individuals in Australia went on to adopt more explicitly racial positions during the 1960s and 1970s, morphing into self-proclaimed Nazi, fascist and anti-Semitic movements, organisations that opposed non-white and non-Christian immigration, such as the neo-Nazi National Socialist Party of Australia (1967) and the militant white supremacist group National Action (Australia) (1982).

Since the 1980s, the term has mainly been used to describe those who advocate for preservation of what they perceive to be Christian Anglo-Australian culture, and those who campaign against Aboriginal land rights, multiculturalism, immigration and asylum seekers. Since 2001, Australia has seen the formation of several neo-Nazi, neo-Fascist or alt-right groups such as the True Blue Crew, the United Patriots Front, Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party and the Antipodean Resistance, and others.

Australian nationalism was a 19th-century movement, mostly concerned with establishing an Australian national identity, but more recently, some far-right groups have also dubbed themselves Australian nationalists.

20th century

An early exponent of fascist ideology in Australia was the writer and poet William Baylebridge, who was later associated with P. R. Stephensen and the Australia First Movement in the 1930s and early 1940s.[1]

1930s to 1960s

The New Guard (1930s)

Main article: New Guard
Not to be confused with New Guard (2015–2018).
 
Captain de Groot declares the Sydney Harbour Bridge open in March 1932.

The Australian far right rose out of the monarchist and anti-communist movements. Formed in Sydney on 16 February 1931, the New Guard was the first and largest fascist organisation in Australia. It was formed by World War I veteran, Australian monarchist and anti-communist, Eric Campbell. The group comprised mostly returned servicemen and claimed a membership of 50,000 at its peak, including prominent members of society such as aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith[2] and former Mayor of North Sydney Hubert Primrose.[3][4]

The New Guard was a paramilitary organisation with its members being well armed and receiving military training. The New Guard under Campbell orchestrated a number of operations, including strike breaking, attacking Labor Party members and "Communist" meetings; they also demanded the deportation of Communists.[5][6][7] During the initial growth of the movement, Campbell was able to attract many ex-soldiers and ex-commanders to the movement.[8]

The New Guard saw the Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang as an immediate threat. The organisation attracted attention when member Francis de Groot, on horseback and at Campbell's direction, upstaged Lang in cutting the ribbon at the opening ceremony of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in protest at Lang's anti-monarchist sentiments.[9][10]

After Lang's dismissal in May 1932 the New Guard's membership declined rapidly.

White Army

The White Army (so named after the Russian White Army[11]), also known as the League of National Security (LNS), was formed in Victoria around 1931, headed by the Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police, Thomas Blamey and described as a fascist paramilitary group.[12] The group, which existed for about eight years from 1931, comprised several senior army officers, including Col. Francis Derham, a Melbourne lawyer, and Lt. Col. Edmund Herring, later Chief Justice of Victoria. Some members had been members of the New Guard, and both groups were involved in street fights with leftist groups. This was reportedly a response to the rise of communism in Australia. Its members stood ready to take up arms to stop a Catholic or communist revolution.[13][11]

The Centre Party (1933-1935)

Main article: Centre Party (New South Wales)
 
Colonel Eric Campbell, 1931

The Centre Party was a fascist political party formed in December 1933, following Lang's dismissal and the demise of the New Guard. Eric Campbell established the party after he had met with European fascists and National Socialists such as Sir Oswald Mosley and Joachim von Ribbentrop. Campbell repositioned the remnants of the New Guard away from paramilitary activities and into electoral politics.[14]

The Centre Party contested the May 1935 New South Wales state election, polling 0.60% of the total vote.[15] Following the party's poor showing at the election Campbell withdrew from public life and the party disbanded.

Australia First Movement

Main article: Australia First Movement

The Australia First Movement was a short-lived Australian fascist movement founded in October 1941. The group was anti-Semitic and national socialist, advocating the corporate state and a political alliance with the Axis powers of Germany,[16] Italy and Japan.

The group was disbanded in March 1942, when a number of its members were secretly interned by the Australian government on suspicion that they might attempt to provide help to Japanese invaders.[17] Two members were convicted of treason. Australia First Movement member and former member of the Centre Party Adela Pankhurst, of the famous suffragette family, was arrested and interned in 1942 for her advocacy of peace with Japan.[18]

Australian League of Rights

Main article: Australian League of Rights

The Australian League of Rights is a fascist and anti-Semitic political organisation. It was founded in Adelaide, South Australia by Eric Butler in 1946, and organised nationally in 1960. The party's ideology was based on the economic theory of Social Credit expounded by C. H. Douglas.[19] The League describes itself as upholding the values of "loyalty to God, Queen and Country".

The group inspired groups like the British League of Rights, Canadian League of Rights and the New Zealand League of Rights. In 1972 Butler created an umbrella group, the Crown Commonwealth League of Rights, to represent the four groups; it also served as a chapter of the World League for Freedom and Democracy.[20]

1960s to 2000s

Australian National Socialist Party (1962-1968)

Main article: Australian National Socialist Party

The Australian National Socialist Party (ANSP) was a minor Australian neo-Nazi party. The party was founded in 1962 by University of Adelaide physics student Ted Cawthron and Sydney council worker Don Lindsay. The group was anti-communist, and supported the White Australia policy and the total annexation of New Guinea.[21][22]

On 26 June 1964, the party's headquarters were raided by police. Smith and four other party members were arrested and convicted of possessing unlicensed firearms and explosives and possession of stolen goods. By 1967 the remnants of the party had joined the newly formed National Socialist Party of Australia.[22]

National Socialist Party of Australia (1967-1970s)

Main article: National Socialist Party of Australia
 
Jim Saleam, 2013

The National Socialist Party of Australia (NSPA) was a minor Australian neo-Nazi party formed in 1967 by former ANSP leader Ted Cawthron. In May 1968, the ANSP merged into the NSPA, and Cawthron and Frank Molnar attempted to distance themselves and the party from the "jackbooted 'Nazi' image" associated with the ANSP.[23]

In early 1970, Cawthron contested the May 1970 ACT by-election, making him the first National Socialist in Australia to run for public office. The party also made a number of unsuccessful runs for the Senate.[24][25]

Jim Saleam was made deputy leader of the party between 1972 and 1975. Saleam became a prominent figure in far-right politics, going on to found National Action in 1982 and the Australia First Party 1996.[22]

National Action (1982-1991)

Main article: National Action (Australia)

National Action was a militant white supremacist group founded on Anzac Day 1982 by the former deputy leader of the National Socialist Party of Australia, Jim Saleam and former neo-Nazi David Greason.[26][27]

In 1989, Saleam was convicted of being an accessory before the fact in regard to organising the attempted assassination of African National Congress representative Eddie Funde. Saleam claimed to have been set up by police.[26][28]

In 1991, the group was disbanded following the murder of a member, Wayne "Bovver" Smith, in the group's headquarters in the Sydney suburb of Tempe.[26] Following the murder of Smith, Saleam became NSW chairman of Australia First Party.[26]

Australian National Alliance (1978-1981)

Main article: Australian National Alliance

Progressive Conservative Party (Australia) (1980)

Main article: Progressive Conservative Party (Australia)

Australian Nationalist Movement (1985-2007)

Not to be confused with Australian Nationalist Party.

The Australian Nationalist Movement (ANM), also known as the Australian Nationalist Worker's Union (ANWU), was a Western Australian neo-Nazi, extreme right-wing group founded and led by Peter Joseph "Jack" van Tongeren.

In 1987, Van Tongeren distributed 400,000 racist posters around Perth. The posters bore phrases such as "No Asians", "White Revolution The Only Solution", "Coloured Immigration: Trickle Is Now A Flood" and "Asians Out Or Racial War". Van Tongeren is a holocaust denier.[29][30]

In 1989, Van Tongeren staged a series of racially motivated arson attacks, targeting businesses owned by Asian Australians. Van Tongeren served thirteen years in prison for his crimes. In the late 1980s it was revealed that his father was Javanese, making him of Indonesian ancestry. He resumed anti-Asian activities upon his release in 2002 leading to further convictions in 2006.[31]

In 1989, two ANM members murdered police informant David Locke. The murder trial of the two men eventually led to Van Tongeren being found guilty of 53 crimes and sentenced to 18 years. The two men who murdered David Locke received life sentences.[32][33][34][35][36]

On being released from jail in 2002, Van Tongeren expressed no remorse. In February 2004 three Chinese restaurants, synagogues and Asian-owned businesses were firebombed, plastered with posters and daubed with swastikas. Western Australian police launched "Operation Atlantic" in response to the attacks, leading to the arrest of five men involved in the attacks. The police also identified a plot to harm WA Attorney-General Jim McGinty and his family, among others.[37][38][39]

In August 2004, Van Tongeren and his co-accused Matthew Billing were found and arrested in the Boddington area south-east of Perth. Both men once again faced the courts over the 2004 arson plots.[40] During a hearing on 2 November, Van Tongeren collapsed, was taken to hospital, and later used a wheelchair. Van Tongeren was released from jail on the condition that he leave Western Australia.[41] In 2007 the ANM/ANWU was reported to have been disbanded.[42] Van Tongeren has been a member of a number of far-right extremist groups including National Action (Australia) and the Australia First Movement.[29][43][44][45]

Australian Citizens Party

Main article: Australian Citizens Party

Founded in 1988, The Australian Citizens Party (formerly known as “Citizens Electoral Council of Australia” or CEC) is a minor political party in Australia affiliated with the international LaRouche Movement which was led by American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. The group has been accused, by B'nai B'rith, of being anti-Semitic, anti-gay, anti-Aboriginal and racist. The document cites CEC publications and quotes former CEC members.[46][47]

The group has been accused of "brainwashing" members and engaging in campaigns involving "dirty tricks".[48]

Australians Against Further Immigration (1989-2008)

Main article: Australians Against Further Immigration

Australians Against Further Immigration (AAFI) was an Australian far-right anti-immigration political party which described itself as "eco-nationalist" and was against positive net immigration. The party was founded in 1989 and dissolved in 2008. The party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission in December 2005, because it was lacking the minimum 500 members required to be registered as a political party.[49]

Confederate Action Party of Australia (1992-1993)

Main article: Confederate Action Party of Australia

Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration (1996-1999)

Main article: Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration

21st-century groups

Antipodean Resistance

Main article: Antipodean Resistance

Antipodean Resistance (AR) is an Australian neo-Nazi group. Formed in October 2016, the group's flag features a swastika. The group's logo features the black sun and Totenkopf (skull head) with an Akubra hat, a laurel wreath and a swastika.[50] Antipodean Resistance promotes and incites hatred and violence, as illustrated in its anti-Jewish and anti-homosexual posters, with graphic images of shooting Jews and homosexuals in the head. One poster called to "Legalise the execution of Jews."[51][52][53]

In 2017, it was reported that ASIO, the Australian national security organisation, was monitoring the group, who were "willing to use violence to further their own interests".[54]

Members of the Antipodean Resistance and Lads Society organised the creation of a new group, the National Socialist Network, in 2020.[55]

Australian Defence League

Main article: Australian Defence League

The Australian Defence League (ADL) is a neo-Nazi street gang. The gang is anti-Islam, and has been involved in making terrorist threats, abusing, stalking and doxxing Muslim Australians. The gang was founded in Sydney in 2009 by recidivist criminal Ralph Cerminara. Cerminara has a significant criminal record, including convictions for assault, high-range drink-driving and breaching apprehended violence orders.[56][57]

Australian Protectionist Party

Main article: Australian Protectionist Party

The Australian Protectionist Party (also known as the Party For Freedom) is a minor far-right anti-immigration party, focused on economic protectionism and white nationalism. The Australian Protectionist Party has been active in protesting against the presence of asylum seekers and Muslims, and has also organised several protests against Sharia law being implemented in Australia. The party has unsuccessfully contested a number of elections, failing to secure more than 1% of the vote in any election it has contested.[58]

Australia First Party

Main article: Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated

The Australia First Party (AFP) is a militant white supremacist political party founded in 1996 by Graeme Campbell and currently led by Jim Saleam. The party stands on a nationalist, anti-multicultural and economic protectionist platform. The Party's current platform includes the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration.[27][59][60][61][62]

Campbell was Australia First's leader until June 2001, when he left the party to stand as a One Nation Senate candidate in Western Australia. After serving time in jail for organising the failed attempted assassination of Eddie Funde, Saleam took control of the party and ran as an its candidate for a seat on Marrickville council, New South Wales, claiming "to oppose Marrickville being a Refugee Welcome Zone". Later that year the party formed its youth wing, the Patriotic Youth League. The party contested the 2010 federal election, the 2013 federal election, the 2016 federal election, the 2017 Cootamundra state by-election, the 2018 Longman by-election, and the 2019 New South Wales state election, but failed to poll at more than 2% on any occasion.[63] Saleam's platform included the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration.[62]

On 20 March 2019, Australia First member Nathan Sykes was charged with at least eight offences relating to threats he made to a number of journalists.[64]

Australian Liberty Alliance (2015-2020)

The Australian Liberty Alliance (ALA), created in 2015, was rebranded as Yellow Vest Australia in 2019. It was a minor political party in Australia, with Debbie Robinson as party president. The party was the political wing of the Q Society. Founded in 2015, the party was anti-Islamic, with policies focusing on Muslim immigration such as enforcing "integration over separation", replacing multiculturalism with an integrated multi-ethnic society and stopping public funding for "associations formed around foreign nationalities". They vowed to "stop the Islamisation of Australia".[65] The party was deregistered in 2020.[66]

Creativity Movement/Alliance

Main article: Creativity (religion)

The Creativity Movement, self-described as a "church" but in reality an anti-Christian,[67] white supremacist, neo-Nazi organisation, was founded in the United States in 1997 as an offshoot of the 1973 Church of the Creator, and had adherents in Australia until 2010.[68] The group ceased to exist elsewhere in the world by 2020, and the police seized the Creativity Movement website in 2021. The domain name creativitymovement.org is now held by the Creativity Alliance. Founded in 2003 after the arrest of the American Creativity Movement leader, Matt Hale, the Creativity Alliance is an Adelaide-based offshoot of the Church of the Creator, run by Cailen Cambeul.[69][70]

The Creativity Alliance includes numerous Church of Creativity groups, such as the "Church of Creativity – Victoria", with its now-defunct website stating that it is "A Creativity Alliance website", was operational from at least 2004 until 2017 and has since been blended into the main Creativity Alliance website along with all other regional Church of Creativity websites. The Victorian website stated that it "objects to... Christianity, multiculturalism and Marxism".[67] A 2010 version of the website listed its five core beliefs, including "our Race is our Religion;... the White Race is Nature’s Finest; ... Racial Loyalty is the greatest of all honors, and racial treason is the worst of all crimes; ...what is good for the White Race is the highest virtue, and what is bad for the White Race is the ultimate sin; ...[and] that the one and only, true and revolutionary White Racial Religion -Creativity- is the only salvation for the White Race".[71]

A Liberal Party campaigner who had been a leading member of the Young Liberals in Geelong, Scott Harrison, was revealed to have been a member of this organisation for six years prior to 2010, but had turned his back on those beliefs. He resigned from the Liberal Party after anti-Semitic articles written by him emerged, including airing a theory that the Port Arthur massacre was master-minded by Jews, as well as a photo of him gesturing with a Nazi salute in front of a swastika.[68][72]

Some activity by members were reported in Melbourne and the Surf Coast in 2015. In 2011, after stickers advocating “White Power” were found in Victoria, the group was investigated by the state's Multicultural Affairs Minister. The group says it is committed to achieving its aims by non-violent means.[28]

The Dingoes

In 2016 the Dingoes were described in a 2016 news report as "young, educated and alternative right", comparing the group to the Identitarian movement in Europe. The group self-described themselves as “politically incorrect larrikins”, and one member praised Donald Trump for embodying "white values".[73] Members do not reveal their identity.[74]

The Dingoes were mentioned as one of the groups involved in the 2018 infiltration to the NSW Young Nationals (see below).[75] National Party MP George Christensen and One Nation candidate Mark Latham were both was interviewed on the Dingoes podcast, called The Convict Report,[74] but Christensen later said that he would not have done it if he had known about their extremist views. The podcast also featured a New Zealand man who ran the Dominion Movement, who was later arrested for sharing information that threatened NZ security.[76] The group planned a 2018 conference in Sydney, dubbed DingoCon, at which US far-right figure Mike Enoch was invited to speak.[77]

The group posts anti-Semitic and other racist commentary on Twitter, and have used the same meme character as the perpetrator of the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings.[74] The podcast was shut down after the attack.[76]

Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party (2019-2020)

Main article: Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party

Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party was a populist, far-right, white nationalist party[78] founded by Fraser Anning in April 2019, when he was a senator for Queensland. Anning had previously been a senator for Pauline Hanson's One Nation and Katter's Australian Party, and sat as an independent before founding the new party. The party contested the 2019 federal election, but failed to win a seat.[79] The party was deregistered on 23 September 2020.[80]

Lads Society

 
Ashfield Community Action group Antifascist poster protesting the presence of Lads Society in Ashfield
Main article: Lads Society

The Lads Society is a far-right white nationalist extremist group founded by several former members of the United Patriots Front in late 2017, with club houses in Sydney and Melbourne.[81] The Lads Society came to national prominence after it staged a rally in St Kilda, Victoria, targeting the local African Australian community. Attendees were seen making the Nazi salute and one was photographed brandishing an SS helmet.[81] In 2017, the group's leader Thomas Sewell approached the perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings, Brenton Harrison Tarrant, asking him to join the Lads Society, but Tarrant refused.[82] The group's members and allies attempted to infiltrate the Young Nationals in NSW, and engaged in branch stacking at the May 2018 conference. Lads Society members attained leadership positions in the Young Nationals, but were later forced out of the party.[83] Canadian alt-right activist Lauren Southern and white nationalist Stefan Molyneux met with Lads Society members during their visit to Australia.[when?][citation needed]

Undated videos leaked to the press in November 2019 revealed Lads Society leader Sewell's aim to attract and recruit members from mainstream society under the guise of a men's fitness club. His white supremacist agenda was clearly shown as he outlined plans which included the creation of “Anglo-European” enclaves in Australian cities, encouraging the “speed and ferocity of the decay” of society to help foment a "race war" by such tactics as exploiting the "African gangs" trope used by Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton and other mainstream politicians.[84]

Members of the Lads Society and Antipodean Resistance organised the creation of a new group, the National Socialist Network, in late 2020, and Sewell was one of the organisers of a 2021 group trip to the Grampians in January 2021 (see below).[55]

Love Australia or Leave

Main article: Love Australia or Leave

Love Australia or Leave is a far-right, nationalist political party based in Queensland. It has been registered for federal elections since October 2016,[85] after being founded by Kim Vuga, who is still the head. The party platform includes opposition to mass immigration and Islam in Australia, and support of Australia leaving the United Nations. The party ran candidates at the 2019 Australian federal election in Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania, but failed to win any seats.[86]

National Socialist Network

 
Flag seen used by the NSN.
 
Flag used by the European Australian Movement (EAM)
Further information: National Socialist Network

The National Socialist Network (NSN) was formed by members of the Lads Society and Antipodean Resistance in late 2020.[55] It is a Melbourne-based neo-Nazi group that claims to be active in Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Canberra, Perth and several regional cities, but which would not reveal how many members or associates the group has. It has vowed to bring about a “white revolution” and has openly described Indigenous Australians as “subhuman and monkeys”.[87] They also engage in anti-Semitic and other racist behaviour. Its leader is Thomas Sewell, an ex-Australian army soldier turned neo-Nazi,[88] who is also leader of the Lads Society.[55]

The group helped to organise a group of about 38 young white men who paraded Nazi symbolism and shouted offensive slogans in the Grampians region over the Australia Day weekend in January 2021 (see below).[55]

In March 2021, Victoria Police's counter-terrorism command charged Sewell with affray, recklessly causing injury, and unlawful assault after he allegedly punched a security guard working for the Nine Network in Melbourne's Docklands. The alleged assault took place prior to the broadcast of an A Current Affair report about Sewell's organisation.[89]

New Guard (2015–2018)

The New Guard (not to be confused with the 1930s New Guard mentioned above) was a group with a presence on Facebook between 2015 and 2018. Self-described as fascists, the group's aim was to influence mainstream politics. Their tactics included spreading propaganda about protecting Australia's European identity as well as opening businesses and buying property to create wealth, using this to try to influence the election of state and federal parliamentarians. Part of the group's plans was to create a kind of "pioneer Europa", where people subscribing to such views would live, governed by a sympathetic mayor. The men-only group was revealed to have infiltrated the Young Nationals in New South Wales in late 2018, leading to its demise.[90][91]

Patriotic Youth League/Eureka Youth League

Main article: Patriotic Youth League

The Patriotic Youth League (PLY) was a neo-Nazi micro group and the youth wing of the Australia First Party, founded in 2002 by former One Nation activist Stuart McBeth.[92][93][94] The Patriotic Youth League was mainly active in the northern suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne, and played a large role in the 2005 Cronulla riots. It disbanded in 2006, but was reincarnated as the Eureka Youth League in 2010.[28]

Q Society of Australia (2010-2020)

Main article: Q Society of Australia

The Q Society of Australia was a far-right, homophobic and Islamophobic organisation that opposed Muslim immigration and the presence of Muslims in Australian society. Founded in 2010, Q Society referred to itself as "Australia's leading Islam-critical organisation" and stated that its purpose was to fight against the "Islamisation of Australia". The group's events featured extreme homophobia and Islamophobia.[95] Its president was Debbie Robinson, who was also president of the Australian Liberty Alliance (later Yellow Vest Australia).[96] On 13 February 2020, the Q Society stated that it would deregister itself due to lack of financial support, effective from 30 June 2020.[97][98]

Reclaim Australia (2015-2017?)

Main article: Reclaim Australia
 
Reclaim Australia rally, Sydney, April 2015

Formed in 2015, Reclaim Australia is a loosely associated far-right Australian nationalist protest group which draws support from nationalists, white supremacists, neo-Nazis and other far-right groups, which is primarily focused on opposing Islam. The group held street rallies between 2015 and 2017, and often faced counter-protests from trade unions, human rights and anti-racism activists.[99][100][101][102] After observing many Reclaim Australia rallies and interviewing participants, author John Safran described it as a loose collective of different groups such as the United Patriots Front and Danny Nalliah's Catch the Fire Ministries.[103]

The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO), says that it monitors the group because of its potential for violence.[104]

Rise Up Australia Party (2011-2019)

Main article: Rise Up Australia Party

The Rise Up Australia Party was a far-right, Christian political party launched in June 2011.[105][106][107] The party's policy platform was focused on nationalist and fundamentalist Christian values.[108] It was opposed to Islam in Australia and opposes same-sex marriage. Its slogan was "Keep Australia Australian". The party was founded and was led by Pentecostal minister Danny Nalliah, who is also the president of Catch the Fire Ministries. The party opposed multiculturalism, wanted to preserve Australia's "Judeo-Christian heritage", called for cuts to Muslim immigration, and advocated freedom of speech and freedom of religion.[109] After the 2019 Australian federal election, on 26 June 2019, the party was voluntarily deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission.[110]

Soldiers of Odin Australia

Main article: Soldiers of Odin

Soldiers of Odin (SOO) is an anti-immigrant group founded in Kemi, Finland, in October 2015, in the midst of the European migrant crisis.[111] The Soldiers of Odin Australia arose out of the Reclaim Australia group,[112] and was registered as a non-profit association with the Victorian government in June 2016.[113] That same year the group ran racially-driven vigilante "safety patrols" around Federation Square, Birrarung Marr and Bourke Street Mall[114] and outside city train stations at night to counteract what it claims was the inability of police to protect the public from rising street crime and gangs such as the so-called Apex gang.[113] They also distributed food to homeless people in the city.[115]

Their recruitment rhetoric included exaggerating illegal entry to the country, crime perpetrated by immigrants and the threat of Islamic terrorism, targeting mainly Anglo-Australian men; they also used the "exotic Norse mythology" to attract far-right sympathisers who were willing to take public action.[115]

While they attracted significant press coverage in the second half of 2016,[113][116][117][118] their presence seemed to have faded fairly quickly, and by 2020 they were no longer deemed a significant far-right group.[112]

True Blue Crew

Main article: True Blue Crew

The True Blue Crew (TBC) is an Australian militant white supremacist group.[119] Members and supporters have been linked to right-wing terrorism and vigilantism, and members have been arrested with weapons and on terrorism-related charges. Experts who have studied the group say it appears to be "committed to violence".[120] The True Blue Crew was formed in 2015 as a splinter group from the anti-Islamic Reclaim Australia group, along with a number of small far-right nationalist groups such as the United Patriots Front.[121]

In December 2019 a member of True Blue Crew, Phillip Galea, was convicted of terrorism charges relating to planned bombings of the Victorian Trades Hall and other left wing organisations in Melbourne.[122]

United Patriots Front (2015-2017)

Main article: United Patriots Front

The United Patriots Front (UPF) was a far-right extremist group whose membership was composed of neo-Nazis and fundamentalist Christians.[123][124] Based in the state of Victoria, UPF was a nationalist anti-Islam organisation that stood in opposition to immigration, opposition to multiculturalism and Islam by demonstrations. It was a splinter group from Reclaim Australia group, formed after a dispute between Shermon Burgess and Reclaim Australia organisers. The group has been described by a number of media outlets and journalists as a hate group, and has claimed solidarity with Golden Dawn.[125] The group was disbanded in 2017. The UPF's leaders went on to form a new, more explicitly White nationalist group, the Lads Society, later that same year.

Others

Another extremist group mentioned in connection with infiltration to the NSW Young Nationals in 2018 (see below) is Squadron 88.[75]

There was a small group called Identity Australia that was formed around March 2019,[126] which described itself as "a youth-focused identitiarian organisation dedicated to giving European Australians a voice and restoring Australia's European character", and published a manifesto detailing its beliefs, but its website is as of April 2021 non-operational.[127][128]

Other potentially violent groups active in Australia include the Southern Cross Hammerskins and the Crazy Whiteboys. The latter is a violent anti-Asian, anti-Semitic and anti-African Australian group (also described as skinhead[129]) founded in 2009 in Melbourne.[28] Two of their members were given jail sentences after a particularly vicious and brutal attack on an Asian student in 2012.[129][130]

Other far-right groups whose profiles have varied include the Nationalist Australian Alternative, Australian Traditionalism, and the New National Action.[94]

There is some cross-over between the two groups which call themselves Freemen on the Land (FOTL[131]) and Sovereign Citizens (and some others), but both have their roots in the American farm crisis and the US/Canadian financial crisis of the 1980s, and their core beliefs may be broadly defined as "see[ing] the state as a corporation with no authority over free citizens".[132][131] In 2011, Malcolm Roberts wrote a letter to then Prime Minister Julia Gillard filled with characteristic sovereign citizen ideas, but denied that he was a "sovereign citizen".[133][134] There have been several court cases testing this concept, none successful for the "freemen".[135] In 2015, the New South Wales Police Force identified "sovereign citizens" as a potential terrorist threat, estimating that there were about 300 sovereign citizens in the state at the time.[136] There have been a few minor cases where parties have invoked arguments surrounding the "sovereign man", but the arguments have failed.[137] Sovereign Citizens from the US have undertaken speaking tours to New Zealand and Australia, with some support among farmers struggling with drought and other hardships. A group called United Rights Australia (U R Australia[138]) has a Facebook presence, and there are other websites promulgating Freemen/Sovereign Citizen ideas.[132][139] From the 2010s, there has been a growing number of Freemen targeting Indigenous Australians, with groups with names like Tribal Sovereign Parliament of Gondwana Land, the Original Sovereign Tribal Federation (OSTF)[140] and the Original Sovereign Confederation. Some proponents have conflated sovereign state beliefs with the land rights movement.[141]

Incidents

Bendigo mosque protests (2014–5)

Further information: Bendigo mosque protests

In 2014 the City of Bendigo announced the construction of a A$3m mosque and Islamic community centre in Bendigo, Victoria. Some residents created a "Stop the Mosque in Bendigo" group, and certain far-right organisations, in particular the Q Society, mobilised residents and brought in outsiders to oppose the construction by conducting extensive protests.[142] In October 2015, around 1,000 people turned up for a protest organised by the United Patriots Front. Members of the extremist group Right Wing Resistance Australia travelled from interstate, and the Rise Up Australia Party was also represented.[143]

Infiltration of the Young Nationals (2018)

In 2018, it was revealed that the NSW Young Nationals had been infiltrated by a significant number of neo-Nazis and other far-right extremists. Party leader Michael McCormack denounced these attempts, and the leader of the NSW Nationals, John Barilaro, also denounced racism and fascism within the party.[75][144][145][146] The suspected neo-Nazis were expelled from the party and its youth wing.[75] Several of the men who infiltrated the organisation were from the New Guard (see above).[90][91] The 19 members expelled from the party also included members of the Lads Society, Antipodean Resistance, Squadron 88, and the Dingoes.[75]

Christchurch mosque shootings (2019)

Main article: Christchurch mosque shootings

Australian far-right terrorist Brenton Harrison Tarrant committed the March 2019 mosque shootings at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, killing 51 people and injuring 50 more. Tarrant had expressed support for two Australian far-right organizations, the United Patriots Front and the True Blue Crew online, and repeatedly praised Blair Cottrell, a neo-Nazi and former leader of the UPF, affectionately calling him "Emperor Blair Cottrell" during a celebration of Donald Trump being elected as President of the United States in 2016; he also donated money to the UPF.[147][148][149]

Grampians neo-Nazi trip (2021)

On the Australia Day weekend in January 2021, the National Socialist Network, a new group created by members of the Antipodean Resistance and the Lads Society under Lads leader Thomas Sewell, were observed parading Nazi paraphernalia and harassing bystanders at several locations around the Grampians in Victoria. One Halls Gap resident said: “There were 40 white males, many with skinheads, some chanting ‘white power’”.[55] They were reported to have chanted "sieg heil" and "white power", burnt a cross, and posted stickers saying "Australia For The White Man".[150]

Concerned citizens reported them to police, who confronted the group and later collected video evidence from security videos. Victoria Police’s Counter Terrorism Command and ASIO were notified, and the incident was widely covered in the media.[55] One anti-Semitism expert called for the group to be branded a terrorist group, saying "We know that there is a direct link between incitement, between vilification … and shooting rampages that we saw not just in Christchurch, but in other places".[150]

Australian far-right figures

See also

References

  1. ^ Bird, David (15 February 2014). Nazi Dreamtime: Australian Enthusiasts for Hitler's Germany. Australian Scholarly Publishing. pp. 145–156. ISBN 9781783081240.
  2. ^ Howard, Frederick. Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles Edward (1897–1935). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  3. ^ Moore, Andrew. Primrose, Hubert Leslie (1880–1942). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  4. ^ "New Guard Movement, 1931–35". National Archives of Australia. Federal Australian Government. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  5. ^ Sparrow, Jeff. "If you oppose Reclaim Australia, remember fascism wasn't always a freakshow". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  6. ^ Cathcart, Michael (25 August 1988). Defending the National Tuckshop: Australia's Secret Army Intrigue of 1931 (Second ed.). Melbourne: McPhee Gribble Publishers. pp. 32, 38, 56, 59, 68, 154, 175, 176, 179, 180. ISBN 978-0869140772.
  7. ^ Abridged list of sources that describe the New Guard as a paramilitary organisation:
    • Campbell, Nerida (16 August 2018). "Unfurling Sydney's radical past". Justice & Police Museum. NSW State Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
    • Sparrow, Jeff. "If you oppose Reclaim Australia, remember fascism wasn't always a freakshow". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
    • Nicastri, Danielle (30 June 2014). "Sydney Harbour Bridge and New Guard play starring role in history of heritage-listed Pymble home Lanosa". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
    • "1932 Starvation Debenture". The NSW Migration Heritage Centre at the Powerhouse Museum. New South Wales Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
    • Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul (2006). World Fascism: A-K – Volume 1 of World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California, United States: ABC-CLIO. p. 66. ISBN 978-1576079409.
    • "The New Zealand Legion Page 3 – The desire to 'do something'". New Zealand History. New Zealand Government (Ministry for Culture and Heritage). Retrieved 23 April 2019.
    • Rhodes, Campbell. "A fascist sex symbol?". The Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House. NSW State Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
    • "A Year to Remember 1932: Harbour Bridge opening controversy". National Film and Sound Archive of Australia. Australian Federal Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
    • "Jack Lang, 1970". National Portrait Gallery. Federal Australian Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  8. ^ "1932 Starvation Debenture". The NSW Migration Heritage Centre at the Powerhouse Museum. New South Wales Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  9. ^ Campbell, Nerida (16 August 2018). "Unfurling Sydney's radical past". Justice & Police Museum. NSW State Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  10. ^ Howard, Frederick. Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles Edward (1897–1935). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  11. ^ a b Cathcart, Michael (June 1985). The White Army of 1931: Origins and legitimations: The League of National Security in Victoria in 1931, and the means by which it was legitimated (Thesis). Australian National University. doi:10.25911/5d74e695b15b4. Retrieved 30 March 2021 – via Open Research.
  12. ^ Cathcart, Michael (1988). Defending the National Tuckshop. Fitzroy, Victoria: McPhee Gribble Publishers. pp. 56–57. ISBN 014011629X. OCLC 27485309.
  13. ^ —— (1998). Blamey: The Commander-in-Chief. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. pp. 93–97. ISBN 1-86448-734-8. OCLC 39291537.
  14. ^ (5 December 1933). "NEW PARTY: ADJUNCT OF NEW GUARD" – The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  15. ^ Green, Antony. "1935 Election Totals: Overall Election Results". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  16. ^ "Australia First Movement". Trove. 20 June 1944. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  18. ^ Hogan, Susan. "Pankhurst, Adela Constantia (1885–1961)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  19. ^ Campbell, Andrew (1978). The Australian League of Rights: a study in political extremism and subversion. Collingwood: Outback Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-868-88222-2.
  20. ^ Moore, Andrew (1995). The Right Road: A history of Right-wing Politics in Australia. Oxford University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-195-53512-9.
  21. ^ "A brief history of Nazism in Australia - ABC News". www.abc.net.au. 16 January 2019.
  22. ^ a b c Harcourt, David (1972). Everyone Wants to be Fuehrer: National Socialism in Australia and New Zealand. Angus and Robertson. pp. 4–31. ISBN 0207124159.
  23. ^ Henderson, Peter (November 2005). "Frank Browne and the Neo-Nazis". Labour History (89): 73–86. doi:10.2307/27516076. JSTOR 27516076.
  24. ^ "Historic Glebe mansion Lyndhurst, once Australia's Nazi Party headquarters, on market for $7.5m". NewsComAu. 9 May 2016.
  25. ^ Harcourt, David (2007). "An assault on the jew‐democratic nut‐mad house". Politics. 8: 111–112. doi:10.1080/00323267308401333.
  26. ^ a b c d West, Andrew (29 February 2004). "No Apology For White Australia Policy". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  27. ^ a b Greason, David (1994), I was a teenage fascist, pp.283,284,289, McPhee Gribble
  28. ^ a b c d White, Alex (7 October 2015). "The pro-white gangs spreading race hate across Australia". The Herald Sun. News International. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  29. ^ a b Saleam, James (1999). The Other Radicalism: An Inquiry into Contemporary Australian Extreme Right Ideology, Politics and Organization 1975–1995 (PDF) (Thesis). Sydney: University of Sydney.
  30. ^ "Hill Calls For Report on Anti-Racism Law". The West Australian. 5 August 1987.
  31. ^ "Anti-Asian Crusader on Dole". The West Australian. 12 August 1987. p. 1.
  32. ^ "WA judge aborts alleged neo-Nazi trial over public prejudice fears". The Canberra Times. 13 June 1990. p. 3.
  33. ^ Judge D. Hammond, Sentencing of Jack Van Tongeren, 20 September 1990, p. 68
  34. ^ "Skinhead Jailed for Gang Raid on House". The West Australian. 13 July 1989.
  35. ^ Gibson, Roy (22 September 1990). "Operation Jackhammer". The West Australian.
  36. ^ "Publicity should not affect verdict, jury told". The Canberra Times. 15 June 1990. p. 12.
  37. ^ Van Tongeren's crimes:
    • Weber, David (20 September 2002). "Racist arsonist released from jail". ABC (Transcript from PM radio program).
    • Holland, Ian (24 March 2003). "Current Issues Brief No 22 2002–03: Crime and Candidacy". Parliament of Australia (Current Issues Brief).
    • "Australia faces up to race violence – again". IOL. 1 August 2004.
  38. ^ Nolan, Tanya (2 February 2004). "Racist attacks against Perth restaurants". ABC (Transcript from AM radio program).
    • Weber, David (24 May 2007). "ANM leaders guilty of bomb plans". ABC (Transcript from The World Today radio program).
  39. ^ "White supremacist appears in court". The Age. 8 August 2004.
    • "Police not ready to talk to van Tongeren". The Age. 4 August 2004.
    • "Threat to kill WA attorney". The Age. 31 July 2004.
  40. ^ David, Weber (6 August 2004). "WA police arrest white supremacist leader". ABC (Transcript from PM radio program).
  41. ^ "Supremacist leader in court" The Age. AAP. 7 August 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2015
  42. ^ "Notorious anti-Asian hate movement bites the dust". Crikey. 28 May 2007.
  43. ^ van Tongeren, Stella (20 October 1990). "The Making of a Racist". The Age Saturday Extra. pp. 1, 6.
  44. ^ Greason, David (1997). "Australia's racist far-Right". Faces of Hate: Hate Crime in Australia. Sydney: Hawkins Press. p. 198. ISBN 1876067055.
  45. ^ van Tongeren, Jack. The ANM Story. True Blue Aussie Underground. pp. 67–72.
  46. ^ The LaRouche Cult: The Citizens Electoral Council (PDF), B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation Commission Inc., 2001
  47. ^ . www.ajn.com.au. Archived from the original on 3 October 2007.
  48. ^ Jana Wendt (3 October 2004). . nineMSN. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  49. ^ "Media Release 2006: Deregistration of Australians Against Further Immigration". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  50. ^ Martinich, Rex (6 October 2017). "Neo-Nazi Grampians camp used for recruitment". The Stawell Times-News. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  51. ^ Nathan, Julie. "Antipodean Resistance: The Rise and Goals of Australia's New Nazis". ABC News=.
  52. ^ Faithfull, Eden (20 April 2017). . usu.edu.au. University of Sydney Union. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  53. ^ Staff (17 August 2017). "Hatred on our doorsteps". Australian Jewish News. from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  54. ^ Houghton, Jack (7 September 2017). "ASIO tracking Neo-Nazi group 'willing to use violence'". The Northern Star. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g McKenzie, Nick; Tozer, Joel (27 January 2021). "The Australian Neo-Nazi movements going bush: Grampians cross burning spurs call for action". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  56. ^ White, Alex (7 October 2014). "The pro-white gangs spreading race hate across Australia". Herald Sun. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  57. ^ Thompson, Angus (20 March 2019). "Ex-head of Australian right-wing group posted anti-Islamic material online in breach of court order". The Sydney Morning Herals. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  58. ^ Australian Protectionist Party:
    • Purtill, James (9 December 2015). "Meet the man who wants to celebrate the Cronulla riots". Triple J Hack. ABC. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
    • Sally, By (5 July 2010). "Islamist leader Burhan Hanif tells Aussie Muslims to 'shun democracy'". News.com.au. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
    • Vollmer, Tim (3 July 2011). "Muslim radical: Diggers are 'fair game'". The Daily Telegraph. Australia. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
    • Gibson, Jano (26 September 2008). "Locals oppose Muslim school". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
    • "2012 NSW Local Council Elections – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
    • "Senate Results: New South Wales – Australia Votes | Federal Election 2013 (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  59. ^ "Racist pamphlet targets Africans – National". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 August 2007. from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  60. ^ "The Programme of the Australia First Party". Australia First Party. Retrieved 16 February 2006.[dead link]
  61. ^ "The Eight Core Policies of the Australia First Party". Australia First Party. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  62. ^ a b Fellner, Carrie (22 March 2019). "Right wing extremist makes election bid in sleepy NSW 'cherry capital'". Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  63. ^ Election results:
    • West, Andrew (29 February 2004). "White separatist takes on Marrickville". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 14 July 2006.
    • "Party Formation". Australia First Party. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
    • Jensen, Erik (9 July 2009). "Right-wing genie out of the bottle". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
    • AEC redirection page – Australian Electoral Commission
    • Bitter dispute erupts over Senate preferences in Queensland: ABC 5 September 2013
    • Alliance of micro parties boosts odds for likes of One Nation or Shooters and Fishers gaining Senate spot through preferences: Daily Telegraph 5 September 2013
    • Murray, Oliver (26 April 2016). "Far-right-wing parties after your vote on election day". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
    • Pollard, Krystyna (19 May 2016). "Controversial Saleam to stand for Australia First in Lindsay". Penrith City Gazette. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
    • . Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
    • Grey, Lachlan (27 August 2017). "Australia First leader Jim Saleam to contest Cootamundra by-election in November". Cootamundra Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  64. ^ McKenzie, Nick; Baker, Richard (22 March 2019). "Police swoop on right-wing troll over alleged violent threats". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  65. ^ "australianlibertyalliance". australianlibertyalliance.org.au. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  66. ^ "Yellow Vest Australia Voluntary Deregistration" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission.
  67. ^ a b . Church of Creativity Victoria. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017.
  68. ^ a b McKenzie, Nick; Baker, Richard; Willingham, Richard (12 November 2014). "Liberal Party campaigner Scott Harrison a former neo-Nazi". The Age. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  69. ^ Cambeul, Cailen (17 April 2012). "2. Rev. Cailen Cambeul". The Creativity Alliance – Incorporating Your Church of Creativity. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  70. ^ Cambeul, Cailen (1 December 2017). "Modern White Racial Loyalists have Moved on from Fascism". The Creativity Alliance – Incorporating Your Church of Creativity. Retrieved 3 April 2021. Updated: 18 September 2018.
  71. ^ . Church of Creativity Victoria. Archived from the original on 9 April 2017.
  72. ^ Coleman, Michelle (13 November 2014). "Liberal campaigner resigns over neo-Nazi revelations". J-Wire. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  73. ^ Craw, Victoria (5 December 2016). "The Dingoes are Australia's latest white nationalist movement". News.com.au — Australia's Leading News Site. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  74. ^ a b c Begley, Patrick (15 March 2019). "Alleged mosque shooter's meme popular with Australian far-right group". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  75. ^ a b c d e "'These guys are crazy': Barnaby Joyce backs 'Nazi' expulsions after backtrack". Guardian Australia. 2 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  76. ^ a b "Soldier alleged to have traded military information was leader of white nationalist group". Stuff. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  77. ^ Davey, Melissa (14 May 2017). "US far-right figure Mike Enoch says he will visit Australia for nationalist conference". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  78. ^ Anning far-right:
    • Henriques-Gomez, Luke (10 May 2019). "Australian election 2019: how to avoid voting for a terrible micro party in the Senate". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
    • "Far-right Australian senator Fraser Anning attacks boy after being egged by him – video". The Guardian. 16 March 2019. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
    • "Peter Dutton claims Greens 'just as bad' as Fraser Anning on Christchurch attack". MSN News. 17 March 2019.
    • "Fraser Anning spent most taxpayers' money on family travel last year". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 March 2019. from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
    • "Far-right Australian lawmaker finds himself – literally – with egg on his face". CNN. 18 March 2019. from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
    • "The rise and rise of Australia's right". Asia Times. 24 March 2019. from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  79. ^ "Registration of a political party Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  80. ^ Web notice to deregister Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party
  81. ^ a b Campion, Kristy (April 2019). "A 'Lunatic Fringe'? The Persistence of Right Wing Extremism in Australia". Perspectives on Terrorism. 13 (2): 12–13. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  82. ^ Begley, Patrick (May 2019). "Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  83. ^ Koziol, Michael (31 October 2018). "Nationals members resign en masse amid investigation into neo-Nazi ties". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  84. ^ McGowan, Michael (11 November 2019). "Australian white nationalists reveal plans to recruit 'disgruntled, white male population'". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  85. ^ "Love Australia or Leave". Australian Electoral Commission. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  86. ^ "House of Representatives and Senate candidates". 2019 Federal Election. Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  87. ^ Paynter, Jack (13 October 2020). "Alarm at neo-Nazi group expansion across country". News.com.au — Australia's Leading News Site. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  88. ^ McKenzie, Nick; Tozer, Joel (28 January 2021). "National Socialist Network cross burning in Grampians sparks calls for group to be added to terror list". The Age. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  89. ^ "Neo-Nazi group leader charged with assault of Channel Nine security guard". The Age. Melbourne. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  90. ^ a b Mann, Alex; Nguyen, Kevin (2 April 2021). "Former New Guard insider reveals neo-Nazi group's recruitment tactics". ABC News. Background Briefing. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  91. ^ a b Mann, Alex (12 October 2018). "Manifesto reveals alt-right's plans to go mainstream after 'infiltration' of NSW Young Nationals". ABC News. Background Briefing. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  92. ^ "Neo-Nazi link to campus anti-foreigner campaign". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 December 2004. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  93. ^ Adam Bennett (19 December 2004). "Race hate group unstuck". Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  94. ^ a b Campion, Kristy (April 2019). "A "Lunatic Fringe"? The Persistence of Right Wing Extremism in Australia" (PDF). Perspectives on Terrorism. 13 (2). ISSN 2334-3745. Retrieved 31 March 2021. Also available via JSTOR here.
  95. ^ Q-Society:
    • "Inside the far-right Q Society's explosive dinner, where Muslims are fair game". The Age. 10 February 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
    • "The Australian Liberty Alliance and the politics of Islamophobia". theconversation.com. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
    • Piotrowski, Daniel (26 June 2014). "Revealed: The secretive Q Society's battle against Islam". News.com.au — Australia's Leading News Site. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  96. ^ "Australian Liberty Alliance: Geert Wilders unveils Senate candidates amid warnings over 'blatant racism'". Australia: ABC News. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  97. ^ Maley, Jacqueline (13 February 2020). "Anti-Islam group Q Society deregisters, fearing lawsuits under religious freedom legislation". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  98. ^ "Australia's Premier Islam-critical Organisation". Q Society of Australia Inc. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  99. ^ Judith Bessant; Rys Farthing; Rob Watts (2017). The Precarious Generation: A Political Economy of Young People. Taylor & Francis. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-317-28917-3.
  100. ^ Salim Farrar; Ghena Krayem (2016). Accommodating Muslims Under Common Law: A Comparative Analysis. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-317-96422-3.
  101. ^ Oldham, Sam (24 November 2015). "Reclaim Australia Pins Working Class People Against Each Other. The Only Winners Are Conservative Elites". No. Daily. New Matilda. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  102. ^ Watson, Meg (8 April 2015). "Junk Explained: Who Are Reclaim Australia, What Are They Protesting, And Should We Even Care?". Junkee. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  103. ^ Safran, John (2017). Depends What You Mean By Extremist: Going Rogue with Australian Deplorables. Penguin Random House Australia. pp. 2–4. ISBN 9781926428772.
  104. ^ Lewis, Duncan (19 October 2016). "Reclaim Australia in Asio's sights, intelligence chief tells senators". The Guardian Australia. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  105. ^ Hutchinson, Jade (15 July 2019). "The New-Far-Right Movement in Australia". Terrorism and Political Violence. 33 (7): 1424–1446. doi:10.1080/09546553.2019.1629909. ISSN 0954-6553. S2CID 199182383.
  106. ^ Peucker, Mario; Smith, Debra (2019), Peucker, Mario; Smith, Debra (eds.), "Far-Right Movements in Contemporary Australia: An Introduction", The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia, Singapore: Springer, pp. 1–17, doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_1, ISBN 978-981-13-8351-9, S2CID 199313325, retrieved 28 April 2021
  107. ^ "Rise Up Australia". Riseupaustraliaparty.com. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  108. ^ Layt, Stuart (24 April 2019). "'Confronting' Queensland Senate ticket sees far-right on far-left". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  109. ^ "Rise Up Australia » Manifesto". Riseupaustraliaparty.com. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  110. ^ "Rise Up Australia Party Voluntary Deregistration" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  111. ^ Jussi Rosendahl and Tuomas Forsell (13 January 2016). "Anti-immigrant 'Soldiers of Odin' raise concern in Finland". Reuters.
  112. ^ a b "Reclaim Australia, Five Years Later: Where Are They Now?". slackbastard. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  113. ^ a b c Vedelago, Chris; Houston, Cameron (10 October 2016). "Vigilante-style group Soldiers of Odin patrolling Melbourne CBD". The Age. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  114. ^ . YLE. 16 March 2016. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017.
  115. ^ a b Nilan, Pam (2019). "Far-Right Contestation in Australia: Soldiers of Odin and True Blue Crew". In Peucker, Mario; Smith, Debra (eds.). The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia. Springer Singapore. pp. 101–125. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_5. ISBN 978-981-13-8350-2. S2CID 199297174 – via ResearchGate (Full article by request; abstract freely available.).
  116. ^ Elliott, Khiara (22 October 2016). "Soldiers of Odin: heroes or vigilantes?". CBD News. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  117. ^ Wilson, Jason (28 October 2016). "Fear and loathing on the streets: the Soldiers of Odin and the rise of anti-refugee vigilantes". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  118. ^ "Melbourne patriot group "Soldiers of Odin" walk streets: Protectors or thugs?". The Big Smoke. 28 November 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  119. ^ Smee, Ben (3 May 2019). "'Quite frightening': the far-right fringe of the election campaign is mobilising". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  120. ^ Liam Mannix; Nino Bucci. "Dutton Turnbull Legitimising Anti Immigrant Vigilantes Say Experts". The Age. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  121. ^ Judith Bessant; Rys Farthing; Rob Watts (2017). The Precarious Generation: A Political Economy of Young People. Taylor & Francis. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-317-28917-3.
  122. ^ Percy, court reporter Karen; staff (5 December 2019). "Far-right Australian terror conviction 'a canary in the coalmine', union leader warns". ABC News. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  123. ^ Rydgren, Jens (2018). The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right (First ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 661. ISBN 978-0190274573.
  124. ^ Neo Nazi refs:
    • Judith Bessant; Rys Farthing; Rob Watts (2017). The Precarious Generation: A Political Economy of Young People. Taylor & Francis. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-317-28917-3.
    • Salim Farrar; Ghena Krayem (2016). Accommodating Muslims Under Common Law: A Comparative Analysis. Routledge. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-317-96422-3.
    • "Inside the United Patriots Front, Australia's growing far-right anti-Islam movement". ABC News. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  125. ^
    • Younger, Emma; Oaten, James (4 September 2017). "Far-right nationalists face court over dummy beheading, claim they're on 'political trial'". ABC News. ABC. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
    • "Fears rallies could lead to clashes". News.com.au. 31 May 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
    • "Anti-Islam protesters and anti-racism activists clash in Melbourne". The Australian. 31 May 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
    • Hall, Bianca (17 October 2015). "Street fights and 'internet vigilantes': Inside Australia's anti-Islam movement". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
    • McPherson, Tahlia (20 September 2015). "Albury mosque the next stop for protestors". The Border Mail. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
    • Patrick Hatch, Far-right anti-Islam group to rally at Victorian Parliament House, The Age (12 June 2016).
  126. ^ Wilson, Jason (28 March 2019). "With links to the Christchurch attacker, what is the Identitarian movement". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 April 2019. Identity Australia appears little more than a grouplet for now
  127. ^ "Manifesto Identity Australia". Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  128. ^ "Identity Australia". Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  129. ^ a b "Skinheads jailed for brutal Asian bashing". 9News. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  130. ^ Russell, Mark (20 August 2013). "Judges cut jail time for neo-Nazi who attacked Vietnamese student". The Age. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  131. ^ a b Stocken, Shelley (8 July 2016). "The seriously weird beliefs of Freemen on the land". News.com.au. Australia: Nationwide News Pty Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  132. ^ a b Kent, Stephen A. (2015). "Freemen, Sovereign Citizens, and the Challenge to Public Order in British Heritage Countries" (PDF). International Journal of Cultic Studies. 6. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  133. ^ Vincent, Sam (November 2016), "Eyes wide open", The Monthly, from the original on 23 July 2019, retrieved 8 January 2020
  134. ^ Koziol, Michael (6 August 2016), "One Nation senator Malcolm Roberts wrote bizarre 'sovereign citizen' letter to Julia Gillard", The Sydney Morning Herald, from the original on 13 March 2018, retrieved 8 January 2020
  135. ^ "Freeman on the land (sovereign citizens)". You've entered law land. 16 September 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2021. Note: This is a blog, but it contains useful links to the cases on Austlii, and summaries written by a lawyer.
  136. ^ Thomas, James; McGregor, Jeanavive (30 November 2015). "Sovereign citizens: Terrorism assessment warns of rising threat from anti-government extremists". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. from the original on 30 November 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  137. ^ Agapis v Birmingham DCJ [2013] WASC 329, Supreme Court (WA, Australia).
  138. ^ "U R Australia". Facebook. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  139. ^ Hutchinson, Jade (3 October 2018). "The 'Right' Kind of Dogma". VOX - Pol. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  140. ^ "Home page". Original Sovereign Tribal Federation. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  141. ^ Glazov, Ramon (6–12 September 2014). "Freemen movement targets Indigenous Australia". The Saturday Paper (28). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  142. ^ Patrick, Hatch. "Q Society spreading anti-mosque message in Bendigo". The Age. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  143. ^ Morris, Madeleine (12 October 2015). "Bendigo's anti-mosque protest: United Patriots Front nationalist group behind demonstration". ABC News. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  144. ^ "Nationals clear man accused of leading alleged neo-Nazi branch stacking". Guardian Australia. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  145. ^ Hutchins, Gareth (29 October 2018). "Far right extremists 'not welcome' in Nationals, leader says amid investigation". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  146. ^ Michael, McGowen (15 October 2018). "NSW Young Nationals expel and suspend members over far-right links". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  147. ^ Begley, Patrick (2 May 2019). "Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  148. ^ Mann, Alex; Nguyen, Kevin; Gregory (23 March 2019). "Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  149. ^ Nguyen, Kevin (9 April 2019). "Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant sent death threat two years before attack". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  150. ^ a b Darling, Alexander (28 January 2021). "Calls for cross-burning neo-Nazis camped in The Grampians to be classified as terrorist group". ABC News. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  151. ^ Hanson and One Nation described as far-right:
    • Marr, David (March 2017). "The White Queen: One Nation and the Politics of Race". Quartely Essay (65): 1–95. ISBN 9781863959070. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
    • Crowe, David (18 March 2019). "Political forces unite to reject far right and deny One Nation preferences". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
    • Wilson, Jason. "There's no breakout of rightwing populists in Australia because the government already accommodates them". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
    • Murphy, Katharine (May 2019). "The Coalition is normalising the far right with its pursuit of One Nation and Palmer". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
    • Phillips, Keri (14 September 2016). "Pauline Hanson and the global rise of the extreme right". ABC RN. ABC. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  152. ^ Koslowski, Max (11 January 2019). "How Australia's far-right were divided and conquered - by themselves". Sydney Morning Heraldq. Fairfax. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  153. ^ Press, Australian Associated (18 August 2017). "Far-right campaigner Bernard Gaynor fails to overturn dismissal from army". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2022.

Further reading

  • Amos, Keith (1976). The New Guard Movement 1931–1935. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-84092-6.
  • Campbell, Andrew (1978). The Australian League of Rights: a study in political extremism and subversion. Collingwood: Outback Press. ISBN 978-0-868-88222-2.
  • Cathcart, Michael (1988). Defending the National Tuckshop: Australia's Secret Army Intrigue of 1931. Melbourne: McPhee Gribble Publishers. ISBN 978-0869140772.
  • Cathcart, Michael (16 March 2017). "The White Army: Fascism in Australia in the 1930s" (Audio). ABC Radio (Interview). Nightlife. Interviewed by Clark, Philip.
  • Clune, David (2009). The Governors of New South Wales 1788-2010. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press. ISBN 978-1-86287-743-6.
  • Dean, Geoff & Bell, Peter & Vakhitova, Zarina. (October 2016). "Right-wing extremism in Australia: the rise of the new radical right". Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism. 11 (2): 121–142. doi:10.1080/18335330.2016.1231414. S2CID 151616050.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  • Fleming, Andy; Mondon, Aurelien (2018). "The Radical Right in Australia". In Rydgren, Jens (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. Oxford University Press.
  • Greason, David (1994). I was a teenage fascist. McPhee Gribble. ISBN 978-0-869-14285-1.
  • Hagan, Jim (1991). A History of the Labor Party in New South Wales, 1891-1991. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. ISBN 978-0-582-86969-1.
  • Moore, Andrew (1989). The Secret Army and the Premier: Conservative Paramilitary Organisations in New South Wales 1930-32. Kensington, NSW: New South Wales University Press. ISBN 978-0-86840-283-3.
  • Moore, Andrew (1995). The Right Road: A history of Right-wing Politics in Australia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-53512-9.
  • Muirden, Bruce (1968). The Puzzled Patriots: The Story of the Australia First Movement. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 9780522839074.
  • Nairn, Bede (1986). The "Big Fella": Jack Lang and the Australian Labor Party 1891–1949. Carlton, VIC: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-84406-1.
  • Nilan, Pam (2019). "Far-Right Contestation in Australia: Soldiers of Odin and True Blue Crew". In Peucker, Mario; Smith, Debra (eds.). The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia. Springer Singapore. pp. 101–125. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_5. ISBN 978-981-13-8350-2. S2CID 199297174 – via ResearchGate (by request).
  • Peucker, Mario; Smith, Debra, eds. (2019). The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia. Springer Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9. ISBN 978-981-13-8350-2. S2CID 211346468.
  • Strømmen, Øyvind (20 October 2015). "Fear, loathing and factions". Hate Speech International.
  • Winter, Barbara (January 2005). The Australia First Movement. Interactive Publications. ISBN 978-1-876819-91-0.

January 16, 2023
right, politics, australia, describes, authoritarian, ideologies, including, fascism, white, supremacy, they, manifest, australia, australia, right, first, came, public, attention, with, formation, 1931, guard, sydney, offshoot, centre, party, 1933, these, pro. Far right politics in Australia describes authoritarian ideologies including fascism and White supremacy as they manifest in Australia In Australia the far right first came to public attention with the formation in 1931 of the New Guard in Sydney and its offshoot the Centre Party in 1933 These proto fascist groups were monarchist anti communist and authoritarian in outlook These early far right groups were followed by the explicitly fascist Australia First Movement 1941 Far right groups and individuals in Australia went on to adopt more explicitly racial positions during the 1960s and 1970s morphing into self proclaimed Nazi fascist and anti Semitic movements organisations that opposed non white and non Christian immigration such as the neo Nazi National Socialist Party of Australia 1967 and the militant white supremacist group National Action Australia 1982 Since the 1980s the term has mainly been used to describe those who advocate for preservation of what they perceive to be Christian Anglo Australian culture and those who campaign against Aboriginal land rights multiculturalism immigration and asylum seekers Since 2001 Australia has seen the formation of several neo Nazi neo Fascist or alt right groups such as the True Blue Crew the United Patriots Front Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party and the Antipodean Resistance and others Australian nationalism was a 19th century movement mostly concerned with establishing an Australian national identity but more recently some far right groups have also dubbed themselves Australian nationalists Contents 1 20th century 1 1 1930s to 1960s 1 1 1 The New Guard 1930s 1 1 2 White Army 1 1 3 The Centre Party 1933 1935 1 1 4 Australia First Movement 1 1 5 Australian League of Rights 1 2 1960s to 2000s 1 2 1 Australian National Socialist Party 1962 1968 1 2 2 National Socialist Party of Australia 1967 1970s 1 2 3 National Action 1982 1991 1 2 4 Australian National Alliance 1978 1981 1 2 5 Progressive Conservative Party Australia 1980 1 2 6 Australian Nationalist Movement 1985 2007 1 2 7 Australian Citizens Party 1 2 8 Australians Against Further Immigration 1989 2008 1 2 9 Confederate Action Party of Australia 1992 1993 1 2 10 Reclaim Australia Reduce Immigration 1996 1999 2 21st century groups 2 1 Antipodean Resistance 2 2 Australian Defence League 2 3 Australian Protectionist Party 2 4 Australia First Party 2 5 Australian Liberty Alliance 2015 2020 2 6 Creativity Movement Alliance 2 7 The Dingoes 2 8 Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party 2019 2020 2 9 Lads Society 2 10 Love Australia or Leave 2 11 National Socialist Network 2 12 New Guard 2015 2018 2 13 Patriotic Youth League Eureka Youth League 2 14 Q Society of Australia 2010 2020 2 15 Reclaim Australia 2015 2017 2 16 Rise Up Australia Party 2011 2019 2 17 Soldiers of Odin Australia 2 18 True Blue Crew 2 19 United Patriots Front 2015 2017 2 20 Others 3 Incidents 3 1 Bendigo mosque protests 2014 5 3 2 Infiltration of the Young Nationals 2018 3 3 Christchurch mosque shootings 2019 3 4 Grampians neo Nazi trip 2021 4 Australian far right figures 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading20th century EditAn early exponent of fascist ideology in Australia was the writer and poet William Baylebridge who was later associated with P R Stephensen and the Australia First Movement in the 1930s and early 1940s 1 1930s to 1960s Edit The New Guard 1930s Edit Main article New Guard Not to be confused with New Guard 2015 2018 Captain de Groot declares the Sydney Harbour Bridge open in March 1932 The Australian far right rose out of the monarchist and anti communist movements Formed in Sydney on 16 February 1931 the New Guard was the first and largest fascist organisation in Australia It was formed by World War I veteran Australian monarchist and anti communist Eric Campbell The group comprised mostly returned servicemen and claimed a membership of 50 000 at its peak including prominent members of society such as aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith 2 and former Mayor of North Sydney Hubert Primrose 3 4 The New Guard was a paramilitary organisation with its members being well armed and receiving military training The New Guard under Campbell orchestrated a number of operations including strike breaking attacking Labor Party members and Communist meetings they also demanded the deportation of Communists 5 6 7 During the initial growth of the movement Campbell was able to attract many ex soldiers and ex commanders to the movement 8 The New Guard saw the Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang as an immediate threat The organisation attracted attention when member Francis de Groot on horseback and at Campbell s direction upstaged Lang in cutting the ribbon at the opening ceremony of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in protest at Lang s anti monarchist sentiments 9 10 After Lang s dismissal in May 1932 the New Guard s membership declined rapidly White Army Edit The White Army so named after the Russian White Army 11 also known as the League of National Security LNS was formed in Victoria around 1931 headed by the Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police Thomas Blamey and described as a fascist paramilitary group 12 The group which existed for about eight years from 1931 comprised several senior army officers including Col Francis Derham a Melbourne lawyer and Lt Col Edmund Herring later Chief Justice of Victoria Some members had been members of the New Guard and both groups were involved in street fights with leftist groups This was reportedly a response to the rise of communism in Australia Its members stood ready to take up arms to stop a Catholic or communist revolution 13 11 The Centre Party 1933 1935 Edit Main article Centre Party New South Wales Colonel Eric Campbell 1931 The Centre Party was a fascist political party formed in December 1933 following Lang s dismissal and the demise of the New Guard Eric Campbell established the party after he had met with European fascists and National Socialists such as Sir Oswald Mosley and Joachim von Ribbentrop Campbell repositioned the remnants of the New Guard away from paramilitary activities and into electoral politics 14 The Centre Party contested the May 1935 New South Wales state election polling 0 60 of the total vote 15 Following the party s poor showing at the election Campbell withdrew from public life and the party disbanded Australia First Movement Edit Main article Australia First Movement The Australia First Movement was a short lived Australian fascist movement founded in October 1941 The group was anti Semitic and national socialist advocating the corporate state and a political alliance with the Axis powers of Germany 16 Italy and Japan The group was disbanded in March 1942 when a number of its members were secretly interned by the Australian government on suspicion that they might attempt to provide help to Japanese invaders 17 Two members were convicted of treason Australia First Movement member and former member of the Centre Party Adela Pankhurst of the famous suffragette family was arrested and interned in 1942 for her advocacy of peace with Japan 18 Australian League of Rights Edit Main article Australian League of Rights The Australian League of Rights is a fascist and anti Semitic political organisation It was founded in Adelaide South Australia by Eric Butler in 1946 and organised nationally in 1960 The party s ideology was based on the economic theory of Social Credit expounded by C H Douglas 19 The League describes itself as upholding the values of loyalty to God Queen and Country The group inspired groups like the British League of Rights Canadian League of Rights and the New Zealand League of Rights In 1972 Butler created an umbrella group the Crown Commonwealth League of Rights to represent the four groups it also served as a chapter of the World League for Freedom and Democracy 20 1960s to 2000s Edit Australian National Socialist Party 1962 1968 Edit Main article Australian National Socialist Party The Australian National Socialist Party ANSP was a minor Australian neo Nazi party The party was founded in 1962 by University of Adelaide physics student Ted Cawthron and Sydney council worker Don Lindsay The group was anti communist and supported the White Australia policy and the total annexation of New Guinea 21 22 On 26 June 1964 the party s headquarters were raided by police Smith and four other party members were arrested and convicted of possessing unlicensed firearms and explosives and possession of stolen goods By 1967 the remnants of the party had joined the newly formed National Socialist Party of Australia 22 National Socialist Party of Australia 1967 1970s Edit Main article National Socialist Party of Australia Jim Saleam 2013 The National Socialist Party of Australia NSPA was a minor Australian neo Nazi party formed in 1967 by former ANSP leader Ted Cawthron In May 1968 the ANSP merged into the NSPA and Cawthron and Frank Molnar attempted to distance themselves and the party from the jackbooted Nazi image associated with the ANSP 23 In early 1970 Cawthron contested the May 1970 ACT by election making him the first National Socialist in Australia to run for public office The party also made a number of unsuccessful runs for the Senate 24 25 Jim Saleam was made deputy leader of the party between 1972 and 1975 Saleam became a prominent figure in far right politics going on to found National Action in 1982 and the Australia First Party 1996 22 National Action 1982 1991 Edit Main article National Action Australia National Action was a militant white supremacist group founded on Anzac Day 1982 by the former deputy leader of the National Socialist Party of Australia Jim Saleam and former neo Nazi David Greason 26 27 In 1989 Saleam was convicted of being an accessory before the fact in regard to organising the attempted assassination of African National Congress representative Eddie Funde Saleam claimed to have been set up by police 26 28 In 1991 the group was disbanded following the murder of a member Wayne Bovver Smith in the group s headquarters in the Sydney suburb of Tempe 26 Following the murder of Smith Saleam became NSW chairman of Australia First Party 26 Australian National Alliance 1978 1981 Edit Main article Australian National Alliance Progressive Conservative Party Australia 1980 Edit Main article Progressive Conservative Party Australia Australian Nationalist Movement 1985 2007 Edit Not to be confused with Australian Nationalist Party The Australian Nationalist Movement ANM also known as the Australian Nationalist Worker s Union ANWU was a Western Australian neo Nazi extreme right wing group founded and led by Peter Joseph Jack van Tongeren In 1987 Van Tongeren distributed 400 000 racist posters around Perth The posters bore phrases such as No Asians White Revolution The Only Solution Coloured Immigration Trickle Is Now A Flood and Asians Out Or Racial War Van Tongeren is a holocaust denier 29 30 In 1989 Van Tongeren staged a series of racially motivated arson attacks targeting businesses owned by Asian Australians Van Tongeren served thirteen years in prison for his crimes In the late 1980s it was revealed that his father was Javanese making him of Indonesian ancestry He resumed anti Asian activities upon his release in 2002 leading to further convictions in 2006 31 In 1989 two ANM members murdered police informant David Locke The murder trial of the two men eventually led to Van Tongeren being found guilty of 53 crimes and sentenced to 18 years The two men who murdered David Locke received life sentences 32 33 34 35 36 On being released from jail in 2002 Van Tongeren expressed no remorse In February 2004 three Chinese restaurants synagogues and Asian owned businesses were firebombed plastered with posters and daubed with swastikas Western Australian police launched Operation Atlantic in response to the attacks leading to the arrest of five men involved in the attacks The police also identified a plot to harm WA Attorney General Jim McGinty and his family among others 37 38 39 In August 2004 Van Tongeren and his co accused Matthew Billing were found and arrested in the Boddington area south east of Perth Both men once again faced the courts over the 2004 arson plots 40 During a hearing on 2 November Van Tongeren collapsed was taken to hospital and later used a wheelchair Van Tongeren was released from jail on the condition that he leave Western Australia 41 In 2007 the ANM ANWU was reported to have been disbanded 42 Van Tongeren has been a member of a number of far right extremist groups including National Action Australia and the Australia First Movement 29 43 44 45 Australian Citizens Party Edit Main article Australian Citizens Party Founded in 1988 The Australian Citizens Party formerly known as Citizens Electoral Council of Australia or CEC is a minor political party in Australia affiliated with the international LaRouche Movement which was led by American political activist Lyndon LaRouche The group has been accused by B nai B rith of being anti Semitic anti gay anti Aboriginal and racist The document cites CEC publications and quotes former CEC members 46 47 The group has been accused of brainwashing members and engaging in campaigns involving dirty tricks 48 Australians Against Further Immigration 1989 2008 Edit Main article Australians Against Further Immigration Australians Against Further Immigration AAFI was an Australian far right anti immigration political party which described itself as eco nationalist and was against positive net immigration The party was founded in 1989 and dissolved in 2008 The party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission in December 2005 because it was lacking the minimum 500 members required to be registered as a political party 49 Confederate Action Party of Australia 1992 1993 Edit Main article Confederate Action Party of Australia Reclaim Australia Reduce Immigration 1996 1999 Edit Main article Reclaim Australia Reduce Immigration21st century groups EditAntipodean Resistance Edit Main article Antipodean Resistance Antipodean Resistance AR is an Australian neo Nazi group Formed in October 2016 the group s flag features a swastika The group s logo features the black sun and Totenkopf skull head with an Akubra hat a laurel wreath and a swastika 50 Antipodean Resistance promotes and incites hatred and violence as illustrated in its anti Jewish and anti homosexual posters with graphic images of shooting Jews and homosexuals in the head One poster called to Legalise the execution of Jews 51 52 53 In 2017 it was reported that ASIO the Australian national security organisation was monitoring the group who were willing to use violence to further their own interests 54 Members of the Antipodean Resistance and Lads Society organised the creation of a new group the National Socialist Network in 2020 55 Australian Defence League Edit Main article Australian Defence League The Australian Defence League ADL is a neo Nazi street gang The gang is anti Islam and has been involved in making terrorist threats abusing stalking and doxxing Muslim Australians The gang was founded in Sydney in 2009 by recidivist criminal Ralph Cerminara Cerminara has a significant criminal record including convictions for assault high range drink driving and breaching apprehended violence orders 56 57 Australian Protectionist Party Edit Main article Australian Protectionist Party The Australian Protectionist Party also known as the Party For Freedom is a minor far right anti immigration party focused on economic protectionism and white nationalism The Australian Protectionist Party has been active in protesting against the presence of asylum seekers and Muslims and has also organised several protests against Sharia law being implemented in Australia The party has unsuccessfully contested a number of elections failing to secure more than 1 of the vote in any election it has contested 58 Australia First Party Edit Main article Australia First Party NSW Incorporated The Australia First Party AFP is a militant white supremacist political party founded in 1996 by Graeme Campbell and currently led by Jim Saleam The party stands on a nationalist anti multicultural and economic protectionist platform The Party s current platform includes the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration 27 59 60 61 62 Campbell was Australia First s leader until June 2001 when he left the party to stand as a One Nation Senate candidate in Western Australia After serving time in jail for organising the failed attempted assassination of Eddie Funde Saleam took control of the party and ran as an its candidate for a seat on Marrickville council New South Wales claiming to oppose Marrickville being a Refugee Welcome Zone Later that year the party formed its youth wing the Patriotic Youth League The party contested the 2010 federal election the 2013 federal election the 2016 federal election the 2017 Cootamundra state by election the 2018 Longman by election and the 2019 New South Wales state election but failed to poll at more than 2 on any occasion 63 Saleam s platform included the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration 62 On 20 March 2019 Australia First member Nathan Sykes was charged with at least eight offences relating to threats he made to a number of journalists 64 Australian Liberty Alliance 2015 2020 Edit The Australian Liberty Alliance ALA created in 2015 was rebranded as Yellow Vest Australia in 2019 It was a minor political party in Australia with Debbie Robinson as party president The party was the political wing of the Q Society Founded in 2015 the party was anti Islamic with policies focusing on Muslim immigration such as enforcing integration over separation replacing multiculturalism with an integrated multi ethnic society and stopping public funding for associations formed around foreign nationalities They vowed to stop the Islamisation of Australia 65 The party was deregistered in 2020 66 Creativity Movement Alliance Edit Main article Creativity religion The Creativity Movement self described as a church but in reality an anti Christian 67 white supremacist neo Nazi organisation was founded in the United States in 1997 as an offshoot of the 1973 Church of the Creator and had adherents in Australia until 2010 68 The group ceased to exist elsewhere in the world by 2020 and the police seized the Creativity Movement website in 2021 The domain name creativitymovement org is now held by the Creativity Alliance Founded in 2003 after the arrest of the American Creativity Movement leader Matt Hale the Creativity Alliance is an Adelaide based offshoot of the Church of the Creator run by Cailen Cambeul 69 70 The Creativity Alliance includes numerous Church of Creativity groups such as the Church of Creativity Victoria with its now defunct website stating that it is A Creativity Alliance website was operational from at least 2004 until 2017 and has since been blended into the main Creativity Alliance website along with all other regional Church of Creativity websites The Victorian website stated that it objects to Christianity multiculturalism and Marxism 67 A 2010 version of the website listed its five core beliefs including our Race is our Religion the White Race is Nature s Finest Racial Loyalty is the greatest of all honors and racial treason is the worst of all crimes what is good for the White Race is the highest virtue and what is bad for the White Race is the ultimate sin and that the one and only true and revolutionary White Racial Religion Creativity is the only salvation for the White Race 71 A Liberal Party campaigner who had been a leading member of the Young Liberals in Geelong Scott Harrison was revealed to have been a member of this organisation for six years prior to 2010 but had turned his back on those beliefs He resigned from the Liberal Party after anti Semitic articles written by him emerged including airing a theory that the Port Arthur massacre was master minded by Jews as well as a photo of him gesturing with a Nazi salute in front of a swastika 68 72 Some activity by members were reported in Melbourne and the Surf Coast in 2015 In 2011 after stickers advocating White Power were found in Victoria the group was investigated by the state s Multicultural Affairs Minister The group says it is committed to achieving its aims by non violent means 28 The Dingoes Edit In 2016 the Dingoes were described in a 2016 news report as young educated and alternative right comparing the group to the Identitarian movement in Europe The group self described themselves as politically incorrect larrikins and one member praised Donald Trump for embodying white values 73 Members do not reveal their identity 74 The Dingoes were mentioned as one of the groups involved in the 2018 infiltration to the NSW Young Nationals see below 75 National Party MP George Christensen and One Nation candidate Mark Latham were both was interviewed on the Dingoes podcast called The Convict Report 74 but Christensen later said that he would not have done it if he had known about their extremist views The podcast also featured a New Zealand man who ran the Dominion Movement who was later arrested for sharing information that threatened NZ security 76 The group planned a 2018 conference in Sydney dubbed DingoCon at which US far right figure Mike Enoch was invited to speak 77 The group posts anti Semitic and other racist commentary on Twitter and have used the same meme character as the perpetrator of the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings 74 The podcast was shut down after the attack 76 Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party 2019 2020 Edit Main article Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party was a populist far right white nationalist party 78 founded by Fraser Anning in April 2019 when he was a senator for Queensland Anning had previously been a senator for Pauline Hanson s One Nation and Katter s Australian Party and sat as an independent before founding the new party The party contested the 2019 federal election but failed to win a seat 79 The party was deregistered on 23 September 2020 80 Lads Society Edit Ashfield Community Action group Antifascist poster protesting the presence of Lads Society in Ashfield Main article Lads Society The Lads Society is a far right white nationalist extremist group founded by several former members of the United Patriots Front in late 2017 with club houses in Sydney and Melbourne 81 The Lads Society came to national prominence after it staged a rally in St Kilda Victoria targeting the local African Australian community Attendees were seen making the Nazi salute and one was photographed brandishing an SS helmet 81 In 2017 the group s leader Thomas Sewell approached the perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings Brenton Harrison Tarrant asking him to join the Lads Society but Tarrant refused 82 The group s members and allies attempted to infiltrate the Young Nationals in NSW and engaged in branch stacking at the May 2018 conference Lads Society members attained leadership positions in the Young Nationals but were later forced out of the party 83 Canadian alt right activist Lauren Southern and white nationalist Stefan Molyneux met with Lads Society members during their visit to Australia when citation needed Undated videos leaked to the press in November 2019 revealed Lads Society leader Sewell s aim to attract and recruit members from mainstream society under the guise of a men s fitness club His white supremacist agenda was clearly shown as he outlined plans which included the creation of Anglo European enclaves in Australian cities encouraging the speed and ferocity of the decay of society to help foment a race war by such tactics as exploiting the African gangs trope used by Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton and other mainstream politicians 84 Members of the Lads Society and Antipodean Resistance organised the creation of a new group the National Socialist Network in late 2020 and Sewell was one of the organisers of a 2021 group trip to the Grampians in January 2021 see below 55 Love Australia or Leave Edit Main article Love Australia or Leave Love Australia or Leave is a far right nationalist political party based in Queensland It has been registered for federal elections since October 2016 85 after being founded by Kim Vuga who is still the head The party platform includes opposition to mass immigration and Islam in Australia and support of Australia leaving the United Nations The party ran candidates at the 2019 Australian federal election in Queensland New South Wales and Tasmania but failed to win any seats 86 National Socialist Network Edit Flag seen used by the NSN Flag used by the European Australian Movement EAM Further information National Socialist Network The National Socialist Network NSN was formed by members of the Lads Society and Antipodean Resistance in late 2020 55 It is a Melbourne based neo Nazi group that claims to be active in Adelaide Melbourne Sydney Brisbane Canberra Perth and several regional cities but which would not reveal how many members or associates the group has It has vowed to bring about a white revolution and has openly described Indigenous Australians as subhuman and monkeys 87 They also engage in anti Semitic and other racist behaviour Its leader is Thomas Sewell an ex Australian army soldier turned neo Nazi 88 who is also leader of the Lads Society 55 The group helped to organise a group of about 38 young white men who paraded Nazi symbolism and shouted offensive slogans in the Grampians region over the Australia Day weekend in January 2021 see below 55 In March 2021 Victoria Police s counter terrorism command charged Sewell with affray recklessly causing injury and unlawful assault after he allegedly punched a security guard working for the Nine Network in Melbourne s Docklands The alleged assault took place prior to the broadcast of an A Current Affair report about Sewell s organisation 89 New Guard 2015 2018 Edit The New Guard not to be confused with the 1930s New Guard mentioned above was a group with a presence on Facebook between 2015 and 2018 Self described as fascists the group s aim was to influence mainstream politics Their tactics included spreading propaganda about protecting Australia s European identity as well as opening businesses and buying property to create wealth using this to try to influence the election of state and federal parliamentarians Part of the group s plans was to create a kind of pioneer Europa where people subscribing to such views would live governed by a sympathetic mayor The men only group was revealed to have infiltrated the Young Nationals in New South Wales in late 2018 leading to its demise 90 91 Patriotic Youth League Eureka Youth League Edit Main article Patriotic Youth League The Patriotic Youth League PLY was a neo Nazi micro group and the youth wing of the Australia First Party founded in 2002 by former One Nation activist Stuart McBeth 92 93 94 The Patriotic Youth League was mainly active in the northern suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne and played a large role in the 2005 Cronulla riots It disbanded in 2006 but was reincarnated as the Eureka Youth League in 2010 28 Q Society of Australia 2010 2020 Edit Main article Q Society of Australia The Q Society of Australia was a far right homophobic and Islamophobic organisation that opposed Muslim immigration and the presence of Muslims in Australian society Founded in 2010 Q Society referred to itself as Australia s leading Islam critical organisation and stated that its purpose was to fight against the Islamisation of Australia The group s events featured extreme homophobia and Islamophobia 95 Its president was Debbie Robinson who was also president of the Australian Liberty Alliance later Yellow Vest Australia 96 On 13 February 2020 the Q Society stated that it would deregister itself due to lack of financial support effective from 30 June 2020 97 98 Reclaim Australia 2015 2017 Edit Main article Reclaim Australia Reclaim Australia rally Sydney April 2015 Formed in 2015 Reclaim Australia is a loosely associated far right Australian nationalist protest group which draws support from nationalists white supremacists neo Nazis and other far right groups which is primarily focused on opposing Islam The group held street rallies between 2015 and 2017 and often faced counter protests from trade unions human rights and anti racism activists 99 100 101 102 After observing many Reclaim Australia rallies and interviewing participants author John Safran described it as a loose collective of different groups such as the United Patriots Front and Danny Nalliah s Catch the Fire Ministries 103 The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation ASIO says that it monitors the group because of its potential for violence 104 Rise Up Australia Party 2011 2019 Edit Main article Rise Up Australia Party The Rise Up Australia Party was a far right Christian political party launched in June 2011 105 106 107 The party s policy platform was focused on nationalist and fundamentalist Christian values 108 It was opposed to Islam in Australia and opposes same sex marriage Its slogan was Keep Australia Australian The party was founded and was led by Pentecostal minister Danny Nalliah who is also the president of Catch the Fire Ministries The party opposed multiculturalism wanted to preserve Australia s Judeo Christian heritage called for cuts to Muslim immigration and advocated freedom of speech and freedom of religion 109 After the 2019 Australian federal election on 26 June 2019 the party was voluntarily deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission 110 Soldiers of Odin Australia Edit Main article Soldiers of Odin Soldiers of Odin SOO is an anti immigrant group founded in Kemi Finland in October 2015 in the midst of the European migrant crisis 111 The Soldiers of Odin Australia arose out of the Reclaim Australia group 112 and was registered as a non profit association with the Victorian government in June 2016 113 That same year the group ran racially driven vigilante safety patrols around Federation Square Birrarung Marr and Bourke Street Mall 114 and outside city train stations at night to counteract what it claims was the inability of police to protect the public from rising street crime and gangs such as the so called Apex gang 113 They also distributed food to homeless people in the city 115 Their recruitment rhetoric included exaggerating illegal entry to the country crime perpetrated by immigrants and the threat of Islamic terrorism targeting mainly Anglo Australian men they also used the exotic Norse mythology to attract far right sympathisers who were willing to take public action 115 While they attracted significant press coverage in the second half of 2016 113 116 117 118 their presence seemed to have faded fairly quickly and by 2020 they were no longer deemed a significant far right group 112 True Blue Crew Edit Main article True Blue Crew The True Blue Crew TBC is an Australian militant white supremacist group 119 Members and supporters have been linked to right wing terrorism and vigilantism and members have been arrested with weapons and on terrorism related charges Experts who have studied the group say it appears to be committed to violence 120 The True Blue Crew was formed in 2015 as a splinter group from the anti Islamic Reclaim Australia group along with a number of small far right nationalist groups such as the United Patriots Front 121 In December 2019 a member of True Blue Crew Phillip Galea was convicted of terrorism charges relating to planned bombings of the Victorian Trades Hall and other left wing organisations in Melbourne 122 United Patriots Front 2015 2017 Edit Main article United Patriots Front The United Patriots Front UPF was a far right extremist group whose membership was composed of neo Nazis and fundamentalist Christians 123 124 Based in the state of Victoria UPF was a nationalist anti Islam organisation that stood in opposition to immigration opposition to multiculturalism and Islam by demonstrations It was a splinter group from Reclaim Australia group formed after a dispute between Shermon Burgess and Reclaim Australia organisers The group has been described by a number of media outlets and journalists as a hate group and has claimed solidarity with Golden Dawn 125 The group was disbanded in 2017 The UPF s leaders went on to form a new more explicitly White nationalist group the Lads Society later that same year Others Edit Another extremist group mentioned in connection with infiltration to the NSW Young Nationals in 2018 see below is Squadron 88 75 There was a small group called Identity Australia that was formed around March 2019 126 which described itself as a youth focused identitiarian organisation dedicated to giving European Australians a voice and restoring Australia s European character and published a manifesto detailing its beliefs but its website is as of April 2021 update non operational 127 128 Other potentially violent groups active in Australia include the Southern Cross Hammerskins and the Crazy Whiteboys The latter is a violent anti Asian anti Semitic and anti African Australian group also described as skinhead 129 founded in 2009 in Melbourne 28 Two of their members were given jail sentences after a particularly vicious and brutal attack on an Asian student in 2012 129 130 Other far right groups whose profiles have varied include the Nationalist Australian Alternative Australian Traditionalism and the New National Action 94 There is some cross over between the two groups which call themselves Freemen on the Land FOTL 131 and Sovereign Citizens and some others but both have their roots in the American farm crisis and the US Canadian financial crisis of the 1980s and their core beliefs may be broadly defined as see ing the state as a corporation with no authority over free citizens 132 131 In 2011 Malcolm Roberts wrote a letter to then Prime Minister Julia Gillard filled with characteristic sovereign citizen ideas but denied that he was a sovereign citizen 133 134 There have been several court cases testing this concept none successful for the freemen 135 In 2015 the New South Wales Police Force identified sovereign citizens as a potential terrorist threat estimating that there were about 300 sovereign citizens in the state at the time 136 There have been a few minor cases where parties have invoked arguments surrounding the sovereign man but the arguments have failed 137 Sovereign Citizens from the US have undertaken speaking tours to New Zealand and Australia with some support among farmers struggling with drought and other hardships A group called United Rights Australia U R Australia 138 has a Facebook presence and there are other websites promulgating Freemen Sovereign Citizen ideas 132 139 From the 2010s there has been a growing number of Freemen targeting Indigenous Australians with groups with names like Tribal Sovereign Parliament of Gondwana Land the Original Sovereign Tribal Federation OSTF 140 and the Original Sovereign Confederation Some proponents have conflated sovereign state beliefs with the land rights movement 141 Incidents EditBendigo mosque protests 2014 5 Edit Further information Bendigo mosque protests In 2014 the City of Bendigo announced the construction of a A 3 m mosque and Islamic community centre in Bendigo Victoria Some residents created a Stop the Mosque in Bendigo group and certain far right organisations in particular the Q Society mobilised residents and brought in outsiders to oppose the construction by conducting extensive protests 142 In October 2015 around 1 000 people turned up for a protest organised by the United Patriots Front Members of the extremist group Right Wing Resistance Australia travelled from interstate and the Rise Up Australia Party was also represented 143 Infiltration of the Young Nationals 2018 Edit In 2018 it was revealed that the NSW Young Nationals had been infiltrated by a significant number of neo Nazis and other far right extremists Party leader Michael McCormack denounced these attempts and the leader of the NSW Nationals John Barilaro also denounced racism and fascism within the party 75 144 145 146 The suspected neo Nazis were expelled from the party and its youth wing 75 Several of the men who infiltrated the organisation were from the New Guard see above 90 91 The 19 members expelled from the party also included members of the Lads Society Antipodean Resistance Squadron 88 and the Dingoes 75 Christchurch mosque shootings 2019 Edit Main article Christchurch mosque shootings Australian far right terrorist Brenton Harrison Tarrant committed the March 2019 mosque shootings at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch New Zealand killing 51 people and injuring 50 more Tarrant had expressed support for two Australian far right organizations the United Patriots Front and the True Blue Crew online and repeatedly praised Blair Cottrell a neo Nazi and former leader of the UPF affectionately calling him Emperor Blair Cottrell during a celebration of Donald Trump being elected as President of the United States in 2016 he also donated money to the UPF 147 148 149 Grampians neo Nazi trip 2021 Edit On the Australia Day weekend in January 2021 the National Socialist Network a new group created by members of the Antipodean Resistance and the Lads Society under Lads leader Thomas Sewell were observed parading Nazi paraphernalia and harassing bystanders at several locations around the Grampians in Victoria One Halls Gap resident said There were 40 white males many with skinheads some chanting white power 55 They were reported to have chanted sieg heil and white power burnt a cross and posted stickers saying Australia For The White Man 150 Concerned citizens reported them to police who confronted the group and later collected video evidence from security videos Victoria Police s Counter Terrorism Command and ASIO were notified and the incident was widely covered in the media 55 One anti Semitism expert called for the group to be branded a terrorist group saying We know that there is a direct link between incitement between vilification and shooting rampages that we saw not just in Christchurch but in other places 150 Australian far right figures EditFraser Anning former Queensland Senator 2017 2019 and One Nation member founder of Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party William Baylebridge writer and poet later associated with Stephensen s Australia First Movement Eric Butler founder of the Australian League of Rights Cailen Cambeul co founder of the Creativity Alliance related to the Creativity Movement Eric Campbell political activist Chief Commander of the New Guard Leader of the Centre Party Graeme Campbell MP 1980 1998 former Labor and One Nation member founder of Australia First Party Ralph Cerminara founder of Australian Defence League Blair Cottrell founding member of United Patriots Front Lads Society Neil Erikson founding member of United Patriots Front Lads Society Phillip Galea former member of the True Blue Crew convicted of planning a terrorist attack in 2019 Pauline Hanson founder of One Nation Senator for Queensland 2016 present 151 George Hodges Knox former Nationalist Party United Australia Party and Liberal Party member Deputy Chief Commander of the New Guard Danny Nalliah founder and leader of Rise Up Australia Adela Pankhurst former communist and suffragette turned fascist co founder of the fascist Australia First Movement Debbie Robinson founder and leader of Yellow Vest Australia and director of Q Society Jim Saleam founder of National Action former National Socialist Party of Australia and One Nation member leader of Australia First Party Thomas Sewell leader of the National Socialist Network P R Stephensen co founder of the fascist Australia First Movement Brenton Harrison Tarrant white nationalist neo fascist far right terrorist responsible for the Christchurch mosque shootings in Christchurch New Zealand Jack van Tongeren founder of the Australian Nationalist Movement Avi Yemini former Israeli soldier associated with the United Patriots Front and Lads Society 152 Bernard Gaynor anti gay activist and Iraq war veteran 153 See also Edit Politics portalAustralian nationalism Depends What You Mean by Extremist a 2017 book by John Safran Far right politics Far right terrorism in Australia Islamophobia in Australia List of white nationalist organizations Politics in Australia Racism in Australia Romper Stomper a 1992 film about neo Nazi skinheads in Australia Romper Stomper TV series a 2018 sequel to the filmReferences Edit Bird David 15 February 2014 Nazi Dreamtime Australian Enthusiasts for Hitler s Germany Australian Scholarly Publishing pp 145 156 ISBN 9781783081240 Howard Frederick Kingsford Smith Sir Charles Edward 1897 1935 Australian Dictionary of Biography Australian National University Retrieved 23 April 2019 Moore Andrew Primrose Hubert Leslie 1880 1942 Australian Dictionary of Biography Australian National University Retrieved 23 April 2019 New Guard Movement 1931 35 National Archives of Australia Federal Australian Government Retrieved 24 April 2019 Sparrow Jeff If you oppose Reclaim Australia remember fascism wasn t always a freakshow The Guardian Retrieved 23 April 2019 Cathcart Michael 25 August 1988 Defending the National Tuckshop Australia s Secret Army Intrigue of 1931 Second ed Melbourne McPhee Gribble Publishers pp 32 38 56 59 68 154 175 176 179 180 ISBN 978 0869140772 Abridged list of sources that describe the New Guard as a paramilitary organisation Campbell Nerida 16 August 2018 Unfurling Sydney s radical past Justice amp Police Museum NSW State Government Retrieved 23 April 2019 Sparrow Jeff If you oppose Reclaim Australia remember fascism wasn t always a freakshow The Guardian Retrieved 23 April 2019 Nicastri Danielle 30 June 2014 Sydney Harbour Bridge and New Guard play starring role in history of heritage listed Pymble home Lanosa The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 24 April 2019 1932 Starvation Debenture The NSW Migration Heritage Centre at the Powerhouse Museum New South Wales Government Retrieved 23 April 2019 Blamires Cyprian Jackson Paul 2006 World Fascism A K Volume 1 of World Fascism A Historical Encyclopedia Santa Barbara California United States ABC CLIO p 66 ISBN 978 1576079409 The New Zealand Legion Page 3 The desire to do something New Zealand History New Zealand Government Ministry for Culture and Heritage Retrieved 23 April 2019 Rhodes Campbell A fascist sex symbol The Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House NSW State Government Retrieved 23 April 2019 A Year to Remember 1932 Harbour Bridge opening controversy National Film and Sound Archive of Australia Australian Federal Government Retrieved 23 April 2019 Jack Lang 1970 National Portrait Gallery Federal Australian Government Retrieved 23 April 2019 1932 Starvation Debenture The NSW Migration Heritage Centre at the Powerhouse Museum New South Wales Government Retrieved 23 April 2019 Campbell Nerida 16 August 2018 Unfurling Sydney s radical past Justice amp Police Museum NSW State Government Retrieved 23 April 2019 Howard Frederick Kingsford Smith Sir Charles Edward 1897 1935 Australian Dictionary of Biography Australian National University Retrieved 23 April 2019 a b Cathcart Michael June 1985 The White Army of 1931 Origins and legitimations The League of National Security in Victoria in 1931 and the means by which it was legitimated Thesis Australian National University doi 10 25911 5d74e695b15b4 Retrieved 30 March 2021 via Open Research Cathcart Michael 1988 Defending the National Tuckshop Fitzroy Victoria McPhee Gribble Publishers pp 56 57 ISBN 014011629X OCLC 27485309 1998 Blamey The Commander in Chief St Leonards New South Wales Allen amp Unwin pp 93 97 ISBN 1 86448 734 8 OCLC 39291537 5 December 1933 NEW PARTY ADJUNCT OF NEW GUARD The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 3 July 2014 Green Antony 1935 Election Totals Overall Election Results New South Wales Election Results 1856 2007 Parliament of New South Wales Retrieved 25 June 2020 Australia First Movement Trove 20 June 1944 Retrieved 9 February 2015 Australia First Movement Fact sheet 28 Archived from the original on 30 March 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2019 Hogan Susan Pankhurst Adela Constantia 1885 1961 Australian Dictionary of Biography Canberra National Centre of Biography Australian National University Campbell Andrew 1978 The Australian League of Rights a study in political extremism and subversion Collingwood Outback Press p 3 ISBN 978 0 868 88222 2 Moore Andrew 1995 The Right Road A history of Right wing Politics in Australia Oxford University Press p 66 ISBN 978 0 195 53512 9 A brief history of Nazism in Australia ABC News www abc net au 16 January 2019 a b c Harcourt David 1972 Everyone Wants to be Fuehrer National Socialism in Australia and New Zealand Angus and Robertson pp 4 31 ISBN 0207124159 Henderson Peter November 2005 Frank Browne and the Neo Nazis Labour History 89 73 86 doi 10 2307 27516076 JSTOR 27516076 Historic Glebe mansion Lyndhurst once Australia s Nazi Party headquarters on market for 7 5m NewsComAu 9 May 2016 Harcourt David 2007 An assault on the jew democratic nut mad house Politics 8 111 112 doi 10 1080 00323267308401333 a b c d West Andrew 29 February 2004 No Apology For White Australia Policy The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 4 February 2013 a b Greason David 1994 I was a teenage fascist pp 283 284 289 McPhee Gribble a b c d White Alex 7 October 2015 The pro white gangs spreading race hate across Australia The Herald Sun News International Retrieved 3 April 2021 a b Saleam James 1999 The Other Radicalism An Inquiry into Contemporary Australian Extreme Right Ideology Politics and Organization 1975 1995 PDF Thesis Sydney University of Sydney Hill Calls For Report on Anti Racism Law The West Australian 5 August 1987 Anti Asian Crusader on Dole The West Australian 12 August 1987 p 1 WA judge aborts alleged neo Nazi trial over public prejudice fears The Canberra Times 13 June 1990 p 3 Judge D Hammond Sentencing of Jack Van Tongeren 20 September 1990 p 68 Skinhead Jailed for Gang Raid on House The West Australian 13 July 1989 Gibson Roy 22 September 1990 Operation Jackhammer The West Australian Publicity should not affect verdict jury told The Canberra Times 15 June 1990 p 12 Van Tongeren s crimes Weber David 20 September 2002 Racist arsonist released from jail ABC Transcript from PM radio program Holland Ian 24 March 2003 Current Issues Brief No 22 2002 03 Crime and Candidacy Parliament of Australia Current Issues Brief Australia faces up to race violence again IOL 1 August 2004 Nolan Tanya 2 February 2004 Racist attacks against Perth restaurants ABC Transcript from AM radio program Weber David 24 May 2007 ANM leaders guilty of bomb plans ABC Transcript from The World Today radio program White supremacist appears in court The Age 8 August 2004 Police not ready to talk to van Tongeren The Age 4 August 2004 Threat to kill WA attorney The Age 31 July 2004 David Weber 6 August 2004 WA police arrest white supremacist leader ABC Transcript from PM radio program Supremacist leader in court The Age AAP 7 August 2004 Retrieved 10 March 2015 Notorious anti Asian hate movement bites the dust Crikey 28 May 2007 van Tongeren Stella 20 October 1990 The Making of a Racist The Age Saturday Extra pp 1 6 Greason David 1997 Australia s racist far Right Faces of Hate Hate Crime in Australia Sydney Hawkins Press p 198 ISBN 1876067055 van Tongeren Jack The ANM Story True Blue Aussie Underground pp 67 72 The LaRouche Cult The Citizens Electoral Council PDF B nai B rith Anti Defamation Commission Inc 2001 AJN Latest Nicotine News www ajn com au Archived from the original on 3 October 2007 Jana Wendt 3 October 2004 On the fringe nineMSN Archived from the original on 6 July 2011 Retrieved 12 November 2010 Media Release 2006 Deregistration of Australians Against Further Immigration Australian Electoral Commission Retrieved 26 September 2011 Martinich Rex 6 October 2017 Neo Nazi Grampians camp used for recruitment The Stawell Times News Retrieved 27 December 2017 Nathan Julie Antipodean Resistance The Rise and Goals of Australia s New Nazis ABC News Faithfull Eden 20 April 2017 White Supremacist Neo Nazi Propaganda Found on Sydney University Campus usu edu au University of Sydney Union Archived from the original on 5 September 2017 Retrieved 5 September 2017 Staff 17 August 2017 Hatred on our doorsteps Australian Jewish News Archived from the original on 5 September 2017 Retrieved 5 September 2017 Houghton Jack 7 September 2017 ASIO tracking Neo Nazi group willing to use violence The Northern Star Retrieved 15 September 2017 a b c d e f g McKenzie Nick Tozer Joel 27 January 2021 The Australian Neo Nazi movements going bush Grampians cross burning spurs call for action The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 5 April 2021 White Alex 7 October 2014 The pro white gangs spreading race hate across Australia Herald Sun Retrieved 30 March 2019 Thompson Angus 20 March 2019 Ex head of Australian right wing group posted anti Islamic material online in breach of court order The Sydney Morning Herals Retrieved 30 March 2019 Australian Protectionist Party Purtill James 9 December 2015 Meet the man who wants to celebrate the Cronulla riots Triple J Hack ABC Retrieved 29 May 2019 Sally By 5 July 2010 Islamist leader Burhan Hanif tells Aussie Muslims to shun democracy News com au Retrieved 13 September 2013 Vollmer Tim 3 July 2011 Muslim radical Diggers are fair game The Daily Telegraph Australia Retrieved 8 June 2019 Gibson Jano 26 September 2008 Locals oppose Muslim school The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 12 September 2011 2012 NSW Local Council Elections ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 13 September 2013 Senate Results New South Wales Australia Votes Federal Election 2013 Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC News Retrieved 8 June 2019 Racist pamphlet targets Africans National The Sydney Morning Herald 9 August 2007 Archived from the original on 6 July 2010 Retrieved 1 July 2010 The Programme of the Australia First Party Australia First Party Retrieved 16 February 2006 dead link The Eight Core Policies of the Australia First Party Australia First Party Retrieved 11 May 2019 a b Fellner Carrie 22 March 2019 Right wing extremist makes election bid in sleepy NSW cherry capital Retrieved 23 June 2019 Election results West Andrew 29 February 2004 White separatist takes on Marrickville The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 14 July 2006 Party Formation Australia First Party Retrieved 16 May 2018 Jensen Erik 9 July 2009 Right wing genie out of the bottle The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 9 July 2009 AEC redirection page Australian Electoral Commission Bitter dispute erupts over Senate preferences in Queensland ABC 5 September 2013 Alliance of micro parties boosts odds for likes of One Nation or Shooters and Fishers gaining Senate spot through preferences Daily Telegraph 5 September 2013 Murray Oliver 26 April 2016 Far right wing parties after your vote on election day The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 3 June 2016 Pollard Krystyna 19 May 2016 Controversial Saleam to stand for Australia First in Lindsay Penrith City Gazette Retrieved 3 June 2016 House of Representatives division information Australian Electoral Commission Archived from the original on 17 August 2018 Retrieved 29 July 2018 Grey Lachlan 27 August 2017 Australia First leader Jim Saleam to contest Cootamundra by election in November Cootamundra Herald Retrieved 10 September 2017 McKenzie Nick Baker Richard 22 March 2019 Police swoop on right wing troll over alleged violent threats The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 23 March 2019 australianlibertyalliance australianlibertyalliance org au Retrieved 8 November 2018 Yellow Vest Australia Voluntary Deregistration PDF Australian Electoral Commission a b Home page Church of Creativity Victoria Archived from the original on 8 April 2017 a b McKenzie Nick Baker Richard Willingham Richard 12 November 2014 Liberal Party campaigner Scott Harrison a former neo Nazi The Age Retrieved 4 April 2021 Cambeul Cailen 17 April 2012 2 Rev Cailen Cambeul The Creativity Alliance Incorporating Your Church of Creativity Retrieved 3 April 2021 Cambeul Cailen 1 December 2017 Modern White Racial Loyalists have Moved on from Fascism The Creativity Alliance Incorporating Your Church of Creativity Retrieved 3 April 2021 Updated 18 September 2018 Home page Church of Creativity Victoria Archived from the original on 9 April 2017 Coleman Michelle 13 November 2014 Liberal campaigner resigns over neo Nazi revelations J Wire Retrieved 4 April 2021 Craw Victoria 5 December 2016 The Dingoes are Australia s latest white nationalist movement News com au Australia s Leading News Site Retrieved 2 April 2021 a b c Begley Patrick 15 March 2019 Alleged mosque shooter s meme popular with Australian far right group The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 2 April 2021 a b c d e These guys are crazy Barnaby Joyce backs Nazi expulsions after backtrack Guardian Australia 2 November 2018 Retrieved 4 November 2018 a b Soldier alleged to have traded military information was leader of white nationalist group Stuff 22 January 2020 Retrieved 2 April 2021 Davey Melissa 14 May 2017 US far right figure Mike Enoch says he will visit Australia for nationalist conference The Guardian Retrieved 2 April 2021 Anning far right Henriques Gomez Luke 10 May 2019 Australian election 2019 how to avoid voting for a terrible micro party in the Senate The Guardian Retrieved 6 July 2019 Far right Australian senator Fraser Anning attacks boy after being egged by him video The Guardian 16 March 2019 ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 24 April 2019 Peter Dutton claims Greens just as bad as Fraser Anning on Christchurch attack MSN News 17 March 2019 Fraser Anning spent most taxpayers money on family travel last year The Sydney Morning Herald 21 March 2019 Archived from the original on 30 March 2019 Retrieved 5 April 2019 Far right Australian lawmaker finds himself literally with egg on his face CNN 18 March 2019 Archived from the original on 22 March 2019 Retrieved 5 April 2019 The rise and rise of Australia s right Asia Times 24 March 2019 Archived from the original on 29 March 2019 Retrieved 5 April 2019 Registration of a political party Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party PDF Australian Electoral Commission Archived PDF from the original on 3 April 2019 Retrieved 3 April 2019 Web notice to deregister Fraser Anning s Conservative National Party a b Campion Kristy April 2019 A Lunatic Fringe The Persistence of Right Wing Extremism in Australia Perspectives on Terrorism 13 2 12 13 Retrieved 4 May 2019 Begley Patrick May 2019 Threats from white extremist group that tried to recruit Tarrant The Sydney Morning Herald Nine Retrieved 7 May 2019 Koziol Michael 31 October 2018 Nationals members resign en masse amid investigation into neo Nazi ties The Sydney Morning Herald Nine Retrieved 4 May 2019 McGowan Michael 11 November 2019 Australian white nationalists reveal plans to recruit disgruntled white male population The Guardian Retrieved 29 August 2020 Love Australia or Leave Australian Electoral Commission 12 October 2016 Retrieved 1 November 2016 House of Representatives and Senate candidates 2019 Federal Election Australian Electoral Commission Retrieved 22 May 2019 Paynter Jack 13 October 2020 Alarm at neo Nazi group expansion across country News com au Australia s Leading News Site Retrieved 4 April 2021 McKenzie Nick Tozer Joel 28 January 2021 National Socialist Network cross burning in Grampians sparks calls for group to be added to terror list The Age Retrieved 4 April 2021 Neo Nazi group leader charged with assault of Channel Nine security guard The Age Melbourne 3 March 2021 Retrieved 3 March 2021 a b Mann Alex Nguyen Kevin 2 April 2021 Former New Guard insider reveals neo Nazi group s recruitment tactics ABC News Background Briefing Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 2 April 2021 a b Mann Alex 12 October 2018 Manifesto reveals alt right s plans to go mainstream after infiltration of NSW Young Nationals ABC News Background Briefing Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 2 April 2021 Neo Nazi link to campus anti foreigner campaign The Sydney Morning Herald 2 December 2004 Retrieved 1 July 2010 Adam Bennett 19 December 2004 Race hate group unstuck Retrieved 17 May 2018 a b Campion Kristy April 2019 A Lunatic Fringe The Persistence of Right Wing Extremism in Australia PDF Perspectives on Terrorism 13 2 ISSN 2334 3745 Retrieved 31 March 2021 Also available via JSTOR here Q Society Inside the far right Q Society s explosive dinner where Muslims are fair game The Age 10 February 2017 Retrieved 10 February 2017 The Australian Liberty Alliance and the politics of Islamophobia theconversation com 12 March 2014 Retrieved 10 February 2017 Piotrowski Daniel 26 June 2014 Revealed The secretive Q Society s battle against Islam News com au Australia s Leading News Site Retrieved 2 June 2018 Australian Liberty Alliance Geert Wilders unveils Senate candidates amid warnings over blatant racism Australia ABC News 22 October 2015 Retrieved 21 May 2016 Maley Jacqueline 13 February 2020 Anti Islam group Q Society deregisters fearing lawsuits under religious freedom legislation The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 15 February 2020 Australia s Premier Islam critical Organisation Q Society of Australia Inc Retrieved 3 October 2020 Judith Bessant Rys Farthing Rob Watts 2017 The Precarious Generation A Political Economy of Young People Taylor amp Francis p 180 ISBN 978 1 317 28917 3 Salim Farrar Ghena Krayem 2016 Accommodating Muslims Under Common Law A Comparative Analysis Routledge p 33 ISBN 978 1 317 96422 3 Oldham Sam 24 November 2015 Reclaim Australia Pins Working Class People Against Each Other The Only Winners Are Conservative Elites No Daily New Matilda Retrieved 21 December 2015 Watson Meg 8 April 2015 Junk Explained Who Are Reclaim Australia What Are They Protesting And Should We Even Care Junkee Retrieved 5 April 2021 Safran John 2017 Depends What You Mean By Extremist Going Rogue with Australian Deplorables Penguin Random House Australia pp 2 4 ISBN 9781926428772 Lewis Duncan 19 October 2016 Reclaim Australia in Asio s sights intelligence chief tells senators The Guardian Australia Retrieved 19 October 2016 Hutchinson Jade 15 July 2019 The New Far Right Movement in Australia Terrorism and Political Violence 33 7 1424 1446 doi 10 1080 09546553 2019 1629909 ISSN 0954 6553 S2CID 199182383 Peucker Mario Smith Debra 2019 Peucker Mario Smith Debra eds Far Right Movements in Contemporary Australia An Introduction The Far Right in Contemporary Australia Singapore Springer pp 1 17 doi 10 1007 978 981 13 8351 9 1 ISBN 978 981 13 8351 9 S2CID 199313325 retrieved 28 April 2021 Rise Up Australia Riseupaustraliaparty com 9 August 2016 Retrieved 28 August 2016 Layt Stuart 24 April 2019 Confronting Queensland Senate ticket sees far right on far left The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 27 April 2019 Rise Up Australia Manifesto Riseupaustraliaparty com 20 June 2014 Retrieved 28 August 2016 Rise Up Australia Party Voluntary Deregistration PDF Australian Electoral Commission Retrieved 29 June 2019 Jussi Rosendahl and Tuomas Forsell 13 January 2016 Anti immigrant Soldiers of Odin raise concern in Finland Reuters a b Reclaim Australia Five Years Later Where Are They Now slackbastard 9 April 2020 Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b c Vedelago Chris Houston Cameron 10 October 2016 Vigilante style group Soldiers of Odin patrolling Melbourne CBD The Age Retrieved 22 August 2017 Soldiers of Odin s secret Facebook group Weapons Nazi symbols and links to MV Lehti YLE 16 March 2016 Archived from the original on 17 May 2017 a b Nilan Pam 2019 Far Right Contestation in Australia Soldiers of Odin and True Blue Crew In Peucker Mario Smith Debra eds The Far Right in Contemporary Australia Springer Singapore pp 101 125 doi 10 1007 978 981 13 8351 9 5 ISBN 978 981 13 8350 2 S2CID 199297174 via ResearchGate Full article by request abstract freely available Elliott Khiara 22 October 2016 Soldiers of Odin heroes or vigilantes CBD News Retrieved 5 April 2021 Wilson Jason 28 October 2016 Fear and loathing on the streets the Soldiers of Odin and the rise of anti refugee vigilantes The Guardian Retrieved 5 April 2021 Melbourne patriot group Soldiers of Odin walk streets Protectors or thugs The Big Smoke 28 November 2016 Retrieved 5 April 2021 Smee Ben 3 May 2019 Quite frightening the far right fringe of the election campaign is mobilising The Guardian Retrieved 4 May 2019 Liam Mannix Nino Bucci Dutton Turnbull Legitimising Anti Immigrant Vigilantes Say Experts The Age Retrieved 19 March 2017 Judith Bessant Rys Farthing Rob Watts 2017 The Precarious Generation A Political Economy of Young People Taylor amp Francis p 180 ISBN 978 1 317 28917 3 Percy court reporter Karen staff 5 December 2019 Far right Australian terror conviction a canary in the coalmine union leader warns ABC News Retrieved 8 February 2020 Rydgren Jens 2018 The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right First ed Oxford United Kingdom Oxford University Press p 661 ISBN 978 0190274573 Neo Nazi refs Judith Bessant Rys Farthing Rob Watts 2017 The Precarious Generation A Political Economy of Young People Taylor amp Francis p 180 ISBN 978 1 317 28917 3 Salim Farrar Ghena Krayem 2016 Accommodating Muslims Under Common Law A Comparative Analysis Routledge p 33 ISBN 978 1 317 96422 3 Inside the United Patriots Front Australia s growing far right anti Islam movement ABC News 13 October 2015 Retrieved 7 August 2018 Younger Emma Oaten James 4 September 2017 Far right nationalists face court over dummy beheading claim they re on political trial ABC News ABC Retrieved 4 September 2017 Fears rallies could lead to clashes News com au 31 May 2015 Retrieved 15 June 2015 Anti Islam protesters and anti racism activists clash in Melbourne The Australian 31 May 2015 Retrieved 15 June 2015 Hall Bianca 17 October 2015 Street fights and internet vigilantes Inside Australia s anti Islam movement The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 9 November 2015 McPherson Tahlia 20 September 2015 Albury mosque the next stop for protestors The Border Mail Retrieved 2 December 2015 Patrick Hatch Far right anti Islam group to rally at Victorian Parliament House The Age 12 June 2016 Wilson Jason 28 March 2019 With links to the Christchurch attacker what is the Identitarian movement The Guardian Retrieved 6 April 2019 Identity Australia appears little more than a grouplet for now Manifesto Identity Australia Retrieved 6 April 2019 Identity Australia Retrieved 6 April 2019 a b Skinheads jailed for brutal Asian bashing 9News 12 December 2012 Retrieved 4 April 2021 Russell Mark 20 August 2013 Judges cut jail time for neo Nazi who attacked Vietnamese student The Age Retrieved 4 April 2021 a b Stocken Shelley 8 July 2016 The seriously weird beliefs of Freemen on the land News com au Australia Nationwide News Pty Ltd Archived from the original on 9 May 2017 Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b Kent Stephen A 2015 Freemen Sovereign Citizens and the Challenge to Public Order in British Heritage Countries PDF International Journal of Cultic Studies 6 Retrieved 5 April 2021 Vincent Sam November 2016 Eyes wide open The Monthly archived from the original on 23 July 2019 retrieved 8 January 2020 Koziol Michael 6 August 2016 One Nation senator Malcolm Roberts wrote bizarre sovereign citizen letter to Julia Gillard The Sydney Morning Herald archived from the original on 13 March 2018 retrieved 8 January 2020 Freeman on the land sovereign citizens You ve entered law land 16 September 2016 Retrieved 5 April 2021 Note This is a blog but it contains useful links to the cases on Austlii and summaries written by a lawyer Thomas James McGregor Jeanavive 30 November 2015 Sovereign citizens Terrorism assessment warns of rising threat from anti government extremists ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 30 November 2015 Retrieved 4 April 2021 Agapis v Birmingham DCJ 2013 WASC 329 Supreme Court WA Australia U R Australia Facebook Retrieved 5 April 2021 Hutchinson Jade 3 October 2018 The Right Kind of Dogma VOX Pol Retrieved 5 April 2021 Home page Original Sovereign Tribal Federation Retrieved 7 April 2021 Glazov Ramon 6 12 September 2014 Freemen movement targets Indigenous Australia The Saturday Paper 28 Retrieved 7 April 2021 Patrick Hatch Q Society spreading anti mosque message in Bendigo The Age Retrieved 27 August 2014 Morris Madeleine 12 October 2015 Bendigo s anti mosque protest United Patriots Front nationalist group behind demonstration ABC News Retrieved 29 March 2021 Nationals clear man accused of leading alleged neo Nazi branch stacking Guardian Australia 31 October 2018 Retrieved 4 November 2018 Hutchins Gareth 29 October 2018 Far right extremists not welcome in Nationals leader says amid investigation Guardian Australia Retrieved 4 November 2018 Michael McGowen 15 October 2018 NSW Young Nationals expel and suspend members over far right links Guardian Australia Retrieved 4 November 2018 Begley Patrick 2 May 2019 Threats from white extremist group that tried to recruit Tarrant The Sydney Morning Herald Nine Retrieved 7 May 2019 Mann Alex Nguyen Kevin Gregory 23 March 2019 Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far right figure Blair Cottrell ABC News Australia Retrieved 14 June 2019 Nguyen Kevin 9 April 2019 Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant sent death threat two years before attack ABC News Australia Retrieved 14 June 2019 a b Darling Alexander 28 January 2021 Calls for cross burning neo Nazis camped in The Grampians to be classified as terrorist group ABC News Retrieved 5 April 2021 Hanson and One Nation described as far right Marr David March 2017 The White Queen One Nation and the Politics of Race Quartely Essay 65 1 95 ISBN 9781863959070 Retrieved 27 March 2020 Crowe David 18 March 2019 Political forces unite to reject far right and deny One Nation preferences The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 27 March 2020 Wilson Jason There s no breakout of rightwing populists in Australia because the government already accommodates them The Guardian Retrieved 27 March 2020 Murphy Katharine May 2019 The Coalition is normalising the far right with its pursuit of One Nation and Palmer The Guardian Retrieved 27 March 2020 Phillips Keri 14 September 2016 Pauline Hanson and the global rise of the extreme right ABC RN ABC Retrieved 27 March 2020 Koslowski Max 11 January 2019 How Australia s far right were divided and conquered by themselves Sydney Morning Heraldq Fairfax Retrieved 2 August 2020 Press Australian Associated 18 August 2017 Far right campaigner Bernard Gaynor fails to overturn dismissal from army the Guardian Retrieved 4 June 2022 Further reading EditAmos Keith 1976 The New Guard Movement 1931 1935 Melbourne Melbourne University Press ISBN 978 0 522 84092 6 Campbell Andrew 1978 The Australian League of Rights a study in political extremism and subversion Collingwood Outback Press ISBN 978 0 868 88222 2 Cathcart Michael 1988 Defending the National Tuckshop Australia s Secret Army Intrigue of 1931 Melbourne McPhee Gribble Publishers ISBN 978 0869140772 Cathcart Michael 16 March 2017 The White Army Fascism in Australia in the 1930s Audio ABC Radio Interview Nightlife Interviewed by Clark Philip Clune David 2009 The Governors of New South Wales 1788 2010 Annandale NSW Federation Press ISBN 978 1 86287 743 6 Dean Geoff amp Bell Peter amp Vakhitova Zarina October 2016 Right wing extremism in Australia the rise of the new radical right Journal of Policing Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 11 2 121 142 doi 10 1080 18335330 2016 1231414 S2CID 151616050 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Fleming Andy Mondon Aurelien 2018 The Radical Right in Australia In Rydgren Jens ed The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right Oxford University Press Greason David 1994 I was a teenage fascist McPhee Gribble ISBN 978 0 869 14285 1 Hagan Jim 1991 A History of the Labor Party in New South Wales 1891 1991 Melbourne Longman Cheshire ISBN 978 0 582 86969 1 Moore Andrew 1989 The Secret Army and the Premier Conservative Paramilitary Organisations in New South Wales 1930 32 Kensington NSW New South Wales University Press ISBN 978 0 86840 283 3 Moore Andrew 1995 The Right Road A history of Right wing Politics in Australia Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 195 53512 9 Muirden Bruce 1968 The Puzzled Patriots The Story of the Australia First Movement Melbourne University Press ISBN 9780522839074 Nairn Bede 1986 The Big Fella Jack Lang and the Australian Labor Party 1891 1949 Carlton VIC Melbourne University Press ISBN 978 0 522 84406 1 Nilan Pam 2019 Far Right Contestation in Australia Soldiers of Odin and True Blue Crew In Peucker Mario Smith Debra eds The Far Right in Contemporary Australia Springer Singapore pp 101 125 doi 10 1007 978 981 13 8351 9 5 ISBN 978 981 13 8350 2 S2CID 199297174 via ResearchGate by request Peucker Mario Smith Debra eds 2019 The Far Right in Contemporary Australia Springer Singapore doi 10 1007 978 981 13 8351 9 ISBN 978 981 13 8350 2 S2CID 211346468 Strommen Oyvind 20 October 2015 Fear loathing and factions Hate Speech International Winter Barbara January 2005 The Australia First Movement Interactive Publications ISBN 978 1 876819 91 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Far right politics in Australia amp oldid 1133268588 White Army, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.