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Waterloo, Ontario

April 14, 2023

This article is about the city. For the county, region, or electoral districts, see Waterloo#Canada.

Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto. Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W" or "The Twin Cities".

Waterloo
City (lower-tier)
City of Waterloo
Uptown Waterloo
Waterloo City Hall
Ion rapid transit
The Huether Hotel
Perimeter Institute
Davis Center (UofW)
Seagram Lofts
Logo
Motto: 
Stability
Waterloo
Waterloo
Waterloo
Waterloo
Coordinates: 43°28′N 80°31′W / 43.467°N 80.517°W / 43.467; -80.517Coordinates: 43°28′N 80°31′W / 43.467°N 80.517°W / 43.467; -80.517
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
RegionWaterloo
IncorporatedMay 27, 1857[1]
Government
 • MayorDorothy McCabe
 • Governing BodyWaterloo City Council
 • City CAOTim Anderson
 • MPBardish Chagger (Liberal)
 • MPPCatherine Fife (ONDP)
Area
[2]
 • Land64.06 km2 (24.73 sq mi)
Elevation
329 m (1,079 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • City (lower-tier)121,436 (47th)
 • Density1,895.8/km2 (4,910/sq mi)
 • Metro
575,847 (10th)
 • Metro density527.2/km2 (1,365/sq mi)
DemonymWaterluvian[3]
Time zoneUTC−5
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4
Forward sortation area
N2J to N2L, N2T to N2V
Area code(s)519, 226, and 548
Websitewww.waterloo.ca

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.[2]

History

Indigenous peoples and settlement

Indigenous peoples such as the Iroquois, Anishinaabe and Neutral Nation lived in the area.[4]

After the end of the American Revolution, Joseph Brant, a Mohawk war chief, wanted Frederick Haldimand to give the Mohawk and Six Nations a tract of land surrounding the Grand River, in return for their loyalty to the British in the war.[5][6] Haldimand's 1784 Haldimand Proclamation granted the land "six miles deep from either side of the [Grand River] beginning at Lake Erie and extending in that proportion to the very head of the said river."[5][6] Haldimand, who had previously ordered for potential mill sites to be identified in the region, decreed in 1788 that mill sites would be included in the grant (which would not have been included otherwise).[7] In 1796, Richard Beasley purchased Block Number 2 of the grant from Joseph Brant (on behalf of the Six Nations) with a mortgage held by the Six Nations.[8] Block 2, 94,012 acres in size, was situated in the District of Gore. To meet his mortgage obligations, Beasley had to sell portions of the land to settlers.[8] This was counter to the original mortgage agreement, but subsequent changes to the agreement were made to permit land sales.

Mennonites from Pennsylvania counties Lancaster and Montgomery were the first wave of immigrants to the area.[9] In the year 1800 alone, Beasley sold over 14,000 acres to Mennonite settlers.[citation needed] A group of 26 Mennonites from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, pooled their resources into the German Company of Pennsylvania, which was then represented by Daniel Erb and Samuel Bricker.[citation needed] The company purchased all the unsold land from Beasley in 1803, resulting in a discharge of the mortgage held by the Six Nations. This discharge allowed Beasley to clear his obligation with the Six Nations, and allowed the settlers to have deeds to their purchased land.[10] The payment to Beasley, in cash, arrived from Pennsylvania in kegs, carried in a wagon surrounded by armed guards.[11]

Many of the pioneers who arrived from Pennsylvania after November 1803 bought land in a 60,000-acre tract of Block 2 from the German Company of Pennsylvania. The tract included almost two-thirds of Block 2. Many of the first farms were least 400 acres in size.[12]

Development (19th century)

The Mennonites divided the land into smaller lots; two lots owned by Abraham Erb—who is often called the founder of the Village of Waterloo[13]—became the central core of Waterloo. Erb had come to the area in 1806 from Pennsylvania.[7] He had bought 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) from the German Company Tract and settled where there was enough water power to operate mills.[7] He founded a sawmill in 1808 and grist mill in 1816; they saw business flourish.[13] Other early settlers of what would become Waterloo included Samuel and Elia Schneider, who arrived in 1816. Until about 1820, settlements such as this were quite small.[12][14] Erb also built what is now known as the Erb-Kumpf House in c. 1812, making it likely one of the oldest homes in Waterloo.[15][16][17]

 
The first schoolhouse in Waterloo, built in 1820

The first school in what is now the City of Waterloo was built on land donated by Erb; the log building was constructed in 1820. A larger school house of stone was built in 1842 and was replaced with a brick school building in 1852. Over the decades, the log building was moved, eventually to Waterloo Park, where it still stands.[18] The German spoken in Waterloo County is based upon the 18th century Pennsylvania Dutch dialect.[19] In turn, the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect is based upon the dialect of German spoken in southwestern Germany.[19]

In 1816, the new Waterloo Township was officially incorporated while being named after Waterloo, Belgium, the site of the Battle of Waterloo (1815), which had ended the Napoleonic Wars in Europe.[20] After that war, the new township became a popular destination for German immigrants. By the 1840s, German settlers had overtaken the Mennonites as the dominant segment of the population. Many Germans settled in the small hamlet to the southeast of Waterloo. In their honour, the village was named Berlin in 1833 (renamed to Kitchener in 1916). The first Catholic family to arrive were the Spetz family from Alsace who came in 1828.[21]

By 1831, Waterloo had a small post office in the King and Erb Street area, operated by Daniel Snyder, some 11 years before one would open in neighbouring Berlin.[22][23] The Smith's Canadian Gazetteer of 1846 states that the Township of Waterloo (smaller than Waterloo County) consisted primarily of Pennsylvanian Mennonites and immigrants directly from Germany who had brought money with them. At the time, many did not speak English. There were eight grist and twenty sawmills in the township. In 1841, the population count was 4424. In 1846 the village of Waterloo had a population of 200, "mostly Germans". There was a grist mill and a sawmill and some tradesmen.[24] By comparison, Berlin (Kitchener) had a population of about 400, also "mostly German", and more tradesmen than the village of Waterloo.[25]

Berlin was chosen as the site of the seat for the County of Waterloo in 1853. By 1869, the population was 2000.[26] Waterloo was incorporated as a village in 1857 and became the Town of Waterloo in 1876.[4] The Kitchener Public Utilities Commission began providing streetcar service in the region in 1888.

20th and 21st centuries

The Galt, Preston and Hespeler electric railway (later called the Grand River Railway) connected to Waterloo in 1911 and ended service in 1931.[27][28] The Kitchener Public Utilities Commission stopped providing streetcar service in 1947, and were replaced by electric trolley coaches. Waterloo was incorporated as the City of Waterloo in 1948.[4] The trolley coaches ended service in 1973.[29]

The presence of the University of Waterloo in the city caused technological and innovative companies to base in Waterloo,[30] especially companies specializing in computing and software. For example, Research in Motion (now BlackBerry Limited), which developed BlackBerry, was started by Mike Lazaridis and Doug Fregin in 1984.[31] A 1994 issue of the Financial Post mentioned Waterloo-based companies MKS, WATCOM, and Open Text in a list of the top 100 independent software companies in Canada.[31]

In June 2011, the Waterloo Region council approved the Ion: a light rail transit line connecting Conestoga Mall in north Waterloo and Fairview Park Mall in south Kitchener.[32] Construction on the Ion began in August 2014. In 2016, two sections of a corduroy road were unearthed. One was in the King Street area of the business district and the second was discovered near the Conestoga Mall. The road was probably built by Mennonites using technology acquired in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, between the late 1790s and 1816.[citation needed] The log road was buried in about 1840 and a new road built on top of it.[33][34] A historian[who?] explained that the road had been built for access to the mill but was also "one of the first roads cut through (the woods) so people could start settling the area".[35] Ion service began in 2019 and experienced a daily ridership of 25,000 in November 2020.[36]

 
Uptown looking Northwest from the Uptown Parkade. Landmarks visible include the Marsland Centre on the extreme left and Waterloo City Hall on the extreme right.

Geography

 
King Street South in Uptown Waterloo

Waterloo's city centre is near the intersection of King and Erb streets. The city centre was once along Albert Street, near the Marsland Centre and the Waterloo Public Library. The town hall, fire hall, and farmers' market were located there. Amidst some controversy, all were demolished between 1965 and 1969.

Historically, Waterloo's swamp land near where the village was first developed caused problems for development.[7] To mitigate these issues, sand was taken from nearby areas to raise the land; buildings were built on foundations of oak planks; and King Street was originally built as a corduroy road.[13]

Waterways

 
The Grand River, as seen to the north-east of Waterloo

The Grand River flows southward along the city's east side. Its most significant tributary within the city is Laurel Creek, whose source lies just to the west of the city limits and its mouth just to the east, and crosses much of the city's central areas, including the University of Waterloo lands and Waterloo Park; it flows under the uptown area in a culvert. In the city's west end, the Waterloo Moraine provides over 300,000 people in the region with drinking water. Much of the gently hilly Waterloo Moraine underlies existing developed areas. Ongoing urban growth, mostly low-density residential suburbs (in accordance with requests by land developers), will cover increasing amounts of the remaining undeveloped portions of the Waterloo Moraine.

Climate

Waterloo has a humid continental climate of the warm summer subtype (Dfb under the Köppen climate classification);[37] this means that there are large seasonal differences, with warm, humid summers and cold winters. Compared to other parts of Canada, Waterloo has fairly moderate weather. Winter temperatures usually occur between mid-December and mid-March, while summer temperatures generally occur between mid-May and late September. It is not uncommon for temperatures to exceed 30 °C (86 °F) several times each summer. Waterloo has approximately 140 frost-free days per year.

Climate data for Waterloo Regional Airport (1981−2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 13.4 13.0 28.0 33.7 39.6 43.2 47.7 48.3 41.2 34.5 24.4 22.1 48.3
Record high °C (°F) 14.2
(57.6) 		13.7
(56.7) 		27.0
(80.6) 		29.2
(84.6) 		32.0
(89.6) 		36.1
(97.0) 		36.0
(96.8) 		36.5
(97.7) 		33.3
(91.9) 		29.4
(84.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		18.7
(65.7) 		36.5
(97.7)
Average high °C (°F) −2.6
(27.3) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		3.6
(38.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		18.5
(65.3) 		23.6
(74.5) 		26.0
(78.8) 		24.8
(76.6) 		20.4
(68.7) 		13.5
(56.3) 		6.3
(43.3) 		0.2
(32.4) 		12.0
(53.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−1
(30) 		6.2
(43.2) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.6
(63.7) 		20.0
(68.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		14.5
(58.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		7.0
(44.6)
Average low °C (°F) −10.3
(13.5) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		0.8
(33.4) 		6.4
(43.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		12.9
(55.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		2.0
(35.6)
Record low °C (°F) −31.9
(−25.4) 		−29.2
(−20.6) 		−25.4
(−13.7) 		−16.1
(3.0) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−15.4
(4.3) 		−27.2
(−17.0) 		−31.9
(−25.4)
Record low wind chill −40.5 −37.1 −30.2 −20.6 −8.1 — 0.0 0.0 −4.1 −11.9 −22.2 −31.2 −40.5
Average precipitation mm (inches) 65.2
(2.57) 		54.9
(2.16) 		61.0
(2.40) 		74.5
(2.93) 		82.3
(3.24) 		82.4
(3.24) 		98.6
(3.88) 		83.9
(3.30) 		87.8
(3.46) 		67.4
(2.65) 		87.1
(3.43) 		71.2
(2.80) 		916.5
(36.08)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 28.7
(1.13) 		29.7
(1.17) 		36.8
(1.45) 		68.0
(2.68) 		81.8
(3.22) 		82.4
(3.24) 		98.6
(3.88) 		83.9
(3.30) 		87.8
(3.46) 		66.1
(2.60) 		75.0
(2.95) 		38.0
(1.50) 		776.8
(30.58)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 43.7
(17.2) 		30.3
(11.9) 		26.5
(10.4) 		7.3
(2.9) 		0.38
(0.15) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.4
(0.6) 		13.0
(5.1) 		37.2
(14.6) 		159.7
(62.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 18.2 14.2 13.8 13.7 12.4 12.0 10.6 10.7 12.2 13.9 16.4 18.1 166.0
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 5.6 5.0 6.9 11.5 12.4 12.0 10.6 10.7 12.2 13.7 11.6 6.9 118.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 16.1 11.9 9.0 3.3 0.18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.91 6.5 14.4 62.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 6am) 86.4 83.4 84.8 84.4 84.7 87.0 90.1 93.6 94.3 90.6 87.6 87.1 87.8
Source: Environment Canada[38]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.
1841200
18711,594
18812,066
18912,941
19013,537
19114,359
19215,883
19318,095
19418,968
195111,991
196121,366
197136,677
198149,428
199171,181
200186,543[39]
200697,475[40]
201198,780[41]
2016104,986[42]
2021121,436[2]
Source: Census of Population

As of the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Waterloo has a population of 121,436, a change of 15.7% from its 2016 population of 104,986.[2] With a land area of 64.06 km2 (24.73 sq mi), the city has a population density of 1,895.7/km2 (4,909.7/sq mi).[2] As of 2021, the median age is 36.0 years old, as compared to 37.7 in 2016.[2][43] Waterloo's median age is 13% lower than Ontario's median age, which is 41.6 years old.[44]

At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo CMA had a population of 575,847 living in 219,060 of its 229,809 total private dwellings, a change of 9.9% from its 2016 population of 523,894. With a land area of 1,092.33 km2 (421.75 sq mi), it had a population density of 527.2/km2 (1,365.4/sq mi) in 2021.[2]

Ethnicity

The most common ethnic or cultural origins reported in Waterloo in 2021 were German (17.9%), English (17.0%), Scottish (14.6%), Irish (14.3%), Canadian (10.2%), Chinese (8.9%), Indian (6.4%), French (6.0%), British Isles (4.1%), Polish (4.1%), Dutch (3.9%), Italian (3.3%), and Ukrainian (2.4%).[45] Indigenous people made up 1.3% of the population, mostly First Nations (0.7%) and Métis (0.5%). Ethnocultural backgrounds in the city included European (63.7%), South Asian (10.7%), Chinese (9.2%), Black (3.1%), Arab (2.7%), Latin American (1.9%), West Asian (1.7%), Southeast Asian (1.4%), Korean (1.4), and Filipino (1.0%).[2]

Panethnic groups in the City of Waterloo (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group 		2021[46] 2016[47] 2011[48] 2006[49] 2001[50]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[a] 75,340 63.64% 74,905 72.45% 76,445 78.73% 79,625 82.28% 73,950 85.91%
East Asian[b] 13,035 11.01% 10,960 10.6% 7,615 7.84% 6,295 6.5% 3,670 4.26%
South Asian 12,680 10.71% 6,650 6.43% 5,145 5.3% 4,495 4.64% 3,695 4.29%
Middle Eastern[c] 5,160 4.36% 3,020 2.92% 2,580 2.66% 1,490 1.54% 980 1.14%
African 3,660 3.09% 1,990 1.92% 1,425 1.47% 1,145 1.18% 1,395 1.62%
Southeast Asian[d] 2,810 2.37% 1,730 1.67% 1,355 1.4% 1,305 1.35% 680 0.79%
Latin American 2,250 1.9% 1,405 1.36% 1,050 1.08% 860 0.89% 630 0.73%
Indigenous 1,585 1.34% 1,220 1.18% 825 0.85% 755 0.78% 510 0.59%
Other[e] 1,865 1.58% 1,515 1.47% 655 0.67% 800 0.83% 575 0.67%
Total responses 118,390 97.49% 103,390 98.48% 97,100 98.3% 96,775 99.28% 86,080 99.47%
Total population 121,436 100% 104,986 100% 98,780 100% 97,475 100% 86,543 100%
  • Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Religion

In 2021, 45.8% of the population identified as Christian, with Catholics (17.9%) making up the largest denomination, followed by United Church (3.3%), Lutheran (3.2%), Anglican (2.8%), Orthodox (2.4%), and other denominations. 37.7% of the population reported no religious affiliation. Others identified as Muslim (8.1%), Hindu (4.7%), Sikh (1.2%), Buddhist (1.1%), and with other religions.[2]

Language

English was the mother tongue of 64.6% of the population in 2021. This was followed by Mandarin (6.2%), Arabic (2.2%), German (1.5%), Spanish (1.5%), Hindi (1.3%), Punjabi (1.2%), Korean (1.1%), Iranian Persian (1.0%), Urdu (1.0%), Serbo-Croatian (1.0%), Cantonese (0.9%), and French (0.9%). Of the official languages, 98.2% of the population reported knowing English and 8.8% French.[2]

Economy

 
The Sun Life Financial building is currently the tallest building in Waterloo.
 
The Marsland Centre in Uptown Waterloo
 
View from the parkade in Uptown Waterloo

According to the 2016 Canadian Census, Waterloo has a median household income (after tax) of $72,239.[51] This is significantly higher than the national median of $61,348. The unemployment rate in Waterloo (6.9%) is lower than the national rate of 7.7%. The median value of a dwelling in Waterloo ($399,997) is higher than the national median of $341,556.[51] The Intelligent Community Forum named Waterloo the Top Intelligent Community of 2007.[52]

Waterloo has a strong knowledge and service-based economy with significant insurance and high-tech sectors as well as two universities.[53] The city's largest employers are Sun Life Financial, the University of Waterloo, Manulife Financial, BlackBerry,[54] Sandvine and Wilfrid Laurier University.[55][54]

The city is also home to three well-known think tanks – the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an advanced centre for the study of foundational, theoretical physics and award-winning educational outreach in science; the Institute for Quantum Computing, based at the University of Waterloo, which carries out innovative research in the computer, engineering, mathematical and physical sciences; and the Centre for International Governance Innovation, an independent, nonpartisan think tank that addresses international governance challenges.

The city is part of Canada's Technology Triangle (CTT), a joint economic development initiative of Waterloo, Kitchener, Cambridge and the Region of Waterloo that markets the region internationally. Despite its name, CTT does not focus exclusively on promoting technology industries, but on all aspects of economic development.

Waterloo has a strong technology sector with hundreds of high-tech firms.[53] The dominant technology company in the city is BlackBerry, makers of the BlackBerry, which has its headquarters in the city and owns several office buildings near the University of Waterloo's main campus.

Notable Waterloo-based high-tech companies include:

Many other high-tech companies, with headquarters elsewhere, take advantage of the concentration of high-tech employees in the Waterloo area, and have research and development centres there. Shopify, SAP, Google, Oracle, Intel, McAfee, NCR Corporation, Electronic Arts and Agfa are among the large, international technology companies with development offices in Waterloo.

Before it became known for technology, Waterloo was sometimes[56] referred to as "the Hartford of Canada" because of the many insurance companies based in the area.[9] Manulife, Sun Life Financial, Equitable Life of Canada and Economical Insurance have a large presence in the city.

Breweries and distilleries had been a significant industry in the Waterloo area until 1993 when a Labatt-owned brewery was shut down. The Brick Brewing Company operated in Waterloo but is now based in Kitchener. Waterloo was the original home of distiller Seagram (also the home town of many descendants of J.P. Seagram), which closed its Waterloo plant in 1992. Of the remaining Seagram buildings, one became home of the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), while others were converted into condominiums.

The city encourages location filming of movies and TV series and many have taken advantage of Waterloo locations. Examples include Downsizing (released in 2017), The Demolisher (2015) and Degrassi: The Next Generation (2015).[57]

Arts and culture

See also: Kitchener, Ontario § Culture
 
Elizabeth Witmer taps a keg to begin 1996's KW Oktoberfest

Kitchener–Waterloo Oktoberfest is a nine-day Oktoberfest celebration held in both Kitchener and Waterloo.[58][59] It is the second largest Oktoberfest celebration in the world,[60] and the largest outside of Germany. In 2013, CBC reported that the festival receives over 700,000 annual visitors, has 1,780 volunteers, was broadcast to 1.8 million national television viewers, and generated an estimated $21 million of economic activity.[58] Tri-Pride is a non-profit LGBT pride festival held annually during Pride Month in the "tri-cities" of Cambridge, Kitchener and Waterloo.[61][62]

The Kitchener–Waterloo Symphony is located in Kitchener. According to their website, they perform over 222 concerts annually to an audience of over 90,000, both in the concert hall and across the Waterloo Region.[63] The Waterloo Busker Carnival is a busking festival held annually in August in Waterloo public square.[64][65] Admission is free, and the festival has been operating since 1989.[64] The Rainbow Reels Queer and Trans Film Festival is an annual LBGT film festival which screens at Princess Twin Cinemas in Uptown Waterloo.[66][67]

Inactive or past

The Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema was an annual film festival dedicated to feature-length animation films.[68][69] It was held from 2001 to 2013. The International Olympiad in Informatics, a competitive programming competition for secondary school students, was held in Waterloo in 2010.[70]

Attractions

 
Perimeter Institute in Uptown

Waterloo's local tourist tourist attractions and areas of interest include: the Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery, the Waterloo Central Railway, the City of Waterloo Museum,[71] a statue of monkeys entitled "Banana",[72] the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, the St. Jacobs Farmers' Market[73] (although the market is just outside city limits), University of Waterloo's Earth Sciences Museum, and Conestoga Mall.

Recreation

External interactive map
  An interactive map created by the city, depicting the city's recreation facilities. Index: parks are outlined in thin green, outdoor skating rinks are cyan markers, cycling infrastructure are thick lines and trails are thick blue lines

Waterloo's parks and recreation facilities mainly comprise Waterloo Park, Bechtel Park, Laurel Creek Conservation Area, the Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex, RIM Park, and over 150 kilometres (93 mi) of mixed-use trails.

Parks

Created in 1890,[74] 45-hectare (110-acre) Waterloo Park is an urban park in Uptown Waterloo which includes an animal farm, sports fields, and a splash pad.[75] It is the oldest park in the city; the mixed-use Laurel Trail and the rapid transit Ion line both run through the park.[76] 44-hectare (110-acre) Bechtel Park is located in eastern Waterloo, and houses a dog park, three soccer fields, a field house, and more.[77] Laurel Creek Conservation Area is in western Waterloo—north-west of University of Waterloo's Environmental Reserve—and houses 122 campsites, 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) of trails, and facilities for canoeing, swimming, windsurfing, cycling, and sailing.[78][79]

The Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex, then described as the "largest and most expensive project in the city's history", opened in 1993.[80] It includes an arena seating 3,500, swimming and banquet facilities, and an indoor track.[80] 123-hectare (300-acre) RIM Park, originally called Millennium Park, opened in September 2001.[81] Its features include outdoor soccer fields, ice rinks, baseball diamonds, basketball courts, meeting rooms and more.[81] RIM Park is in proximity to the Walter Bean Grand River Trail, Grey Silo Golf Course, and Waterloo Public Library's Eastside Branch.[81][82] There are a number of small playgrounds, woodlots, and recreation facilities around Waterloo which are not mentioned above due to their size.

Mixed-use trails

 
The Walter Bean Grand River Trail, with the Grand River seen in the background

Trails for walking, hiking, and biking play an important part in Waterloo's recreational infrastructure. Waterloo had 150 kilometres (93 mi) of trails by 2007, as compared to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of trails in 1987.[83] The 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) Iron Horse Trail, connecting Waterloo and Kitchener, opened in 1997.[84] Then-mayor Joan McKinnon brought upon the connection of the Trans Canada Trail into the Waterloo Region, which ran from the Iron Horse Trail to Waterloo's northern boundary.[83]

The 76-kilometre (47 mi)[85] Walter Bean Grand River Trail, announced in 1999, served to create an accessible trail along the Grand River.[83] Waterloo: An Illustrated History, 1857–2007 states, "[the trail] was particularly needed in Waterloo as the river's geographic location on the edge of the city meant that, unlike so many other Canadian cities, the river had not historically played a central role in the community."[83]

Sports

In July 2002, Waterloo, along with Kitchener, hosted the Ontario Summer Games.[86] The following sports teams are based in Waterloo: Waterloo Wildfire (National Ringette League), Waterloo Siskins (Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League), Waterloo United (League One Ontario), Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks, and Waterloo Warriors.

Government

 
Waterloo City Hall

Waterloo was part of Waterloo County until 1973 when a restructuring created the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, which consists of the cities of Waterloo, Kitchener, and Cambridge, and the townships of Woolwich, Wilmot, Wellesley, and North Dumfries. The Region handles many services, including paramedic services, policing, waste management, recreation, planning, roads and social services.[87] The Waterloo Award, established in 1997, is the highest civic honour a person can receive from the City of Waterloo.[88]

Waterloo City Council consists of a mayor and seven councillors, each representing a ward. The number of wards was increased from five to seven in the November 2006 elections. As of 2022, the mayor of Waterloo is Dorothy McCabe, elected in October 2022. The current Waterloo councillors are as follows, as of 2022, listed by ascending ward number: Sandra Hanmer (Southwest Ward), Royce Bodaly (Northwest Ward), Hans Roach (Lakeshore Ward), Diane Freeman (Northeast Ward), Jen Vasic (Southeast Ward), Mary Lou Roe (Central-Columbia Ward), and Julie Wright (Uptown Ward).[89]

In politics, Waterloo is within the federal electoral district of Waterloo, and within the provincial electoral district also named Waterloo.

Waterloo federal election results[90]
Year Liberal Conservative New Democratic Green
2021 46% 25,816 27% 15,521 19% 10,846 3% 1,934
2019 49% 29,922 24% 14,681 15% 9,303 10% 5,928
Waterloo provincial election results[91]
Year PC New Democratic Liberal Green
2022 29% 12,414 46% 19,616 14% 5,963 7% 2,954
2018 31% 15,974 51% 26,243 12% 6,328 5% 2,473

Transportation

Roads

 
The road system and city limits of Waterloo
See also: List of numbered roads in Waterloo Region

The controlled-access Highway 85, part of the larger Conestoga Parkway, is the only provincial highway that runs through Waterloo. To the north, the divided freeway ends at the city limit, and the road becomes Waterloo Regional Road 85, which accesses St. Jacobs and Elmira, before ending in Elmira. To the south, Highway 85 becomes Highway 7 within Kitchener, before diverging into eastbound Highway 8 (to Cambridge, Highway 401 interchange, and Hamilton) and westbound Highway 7/8 (to New Hamburg, Stratford, and Goderich). Highway 85 has 5 interchanges within Waterloo, from north to south, with the regional road number in brackets: King Street (15), Northfield Drive (50), King Street (15), University Avenue (57), and Bridgeport Road (9).

Public transport

Main articles: Grand River Transit and Ion rapid transit
 
Ion unit 507 at Queen Station in 2018

Public transport throughout the Waterloo Region is provided by Grand River Transit (GRT), which provides service for various bus routes and the Ion rapid transit line. Ion rapid transit trains travel through 19 stations from Conestoga station (Conestoga Mall in Waterloo) to Fairway station (Fairview Park mall in Kitchener). The line connects with downtown Kitchener and uptown Waterloo. GRT operates local and express bus routes within Waterloo, with connections to Kitchener. In September 2005, an express bus route called iXpress was added, running from downtown Cambridge to Conestoga Mall via Fairview Park Mall. Waterloo is served by GO buses which stop at the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University, with destinations of Square One City Centre Terminal, Milton GO Station, and York University.

Intercity rail

 
Aerial photograph of the Region of Waterloo International Airport

Waterloo is not currently served by any regularly scheduled passenger rail service. The nearby Kitchener station is accessible from Waterloo through buses or a transfer from Ion's Kitchener Central Station. Kitchener station is serviced by the Kitchener line and the Corridor, operated by GO Transit and Via Rail respectively.[92][93] Both services are infrequent. On weekdays, the commuter rail GO trains run eastbound (to Toronto) nine times per day, and westbound eight times per day.[94] No Kitchener line trains are run on the weekends.[94] Including weekends, Via Rail operates one train per day, both westbound and eastbound.[92][95][96]

The non-profit tourist railway Waterloo Central Railway is a revival of the Waterloo-St. Jacobs Railway. It departs from the St. Jacobs Farmers Market and runs trains at 10 am, 12 pm, and 2 pm from April to November. The Waterloo Station continues to operate as a Visitor & Heritage Information Centre.[97]

Air

The Region of Waterloo International Airport in nearby Breslau serves Waterloo and the surrounding region, although it is not heavily served by scheduled airlines. Most air travellers use Toronto's Lester B. Pearson International Airport or John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport.[citation needed] As of 2022, the Region of Waterloo International Airport has year round flights to Calgary, Cancun, Charlottetown, Deer Lake, Edmonton, Halifax, Kelowna, Vancouver, and Winnipeg.[98] The airport has seasonal flights to Montreal and Ottawa.[98] As of 2022, the airport's airlines are Flair Airlines, Pivot Airlines, and WestJet.[98]

Services

Health care

 
St. Mary's General Hospital

Hospital services in the region are provided by Grand River Hospital which includes a Freeport Campus and St. Mary's General Hospital, both in Kitchener, as well as Cambridge Memorial Hospital.[99] All three were highly ranked for safety in a national comparison study in 2017–2018, particularly the two in Kitchener, but all would benefit from reduced wait times.[100] Long-term care beds are provided at numerous facilities.[101]

Region of Waterloo Paramedic Services and Waterloo Fire Rescue respond to medical emergencies within the city of Waterloo. Region of Waterloo Paramedic Services may transport patients to either Grand River Hospital or St. Mary's General Hospital emergency departments, depending on proximity, anticipated wait times and the type of emergency.

Grand River Hospital has a capacity of 574-beds; the Freeport location was merged into it in April 1995.[102] That secondary campus provides complex continuing care, rehabilitation, longer-term specialized mental health and other services.[103] The King St. location is also the home of the Grand River Regional Cancer Centre which opened in 2003.[104] St. Mary's General Hospital is a 150-bed adult acute-care facility and includes the Regional Cardiac Care Centre with two cardiovascular operating rooms, an eight-bed cardiovascular intensive care unit and 45 inpatient beds.[105][106] As of late 2018, Cambridge Memorial had 143 beds but was in the midst of a major expansion expected to be completed in 2021.[107]

Family doctors are often in short supply and a source of great concern among residents. Recruiting efforts over the previous 15 years certainly achieved some success as of September 2018, but needed to be continued.[108]

Announced January 2006, as a new School of Medicine, the Waterloo Regional Campus of McMaster University was completed in 2009. In 2018, the Waterloo campus included "a complete on-site clinical skills laboratory with 4 skills rooms and 2 observation rooms, classrooms with video-conferencing capabilities and a state-of-the-art anatomy lab that was built in 2013 with a high definition video system", according to the university. Its Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine building includes the Centre for Family Medicine and the University of Waterloo School of Optometry and Vision Science.[109]

Libraries

Main article: Waterloo Public Library
 
The entrance to Waterloo Public Library's Main Branch in 2002

The Waterloo Public Library was founded in 1888. As of 2022, the library has 4 branches (in order of opening): the Main Branch, the Albert McCormick Branch, the John M. Harper Branch and the Eastside Branch.[110] The Waterloo's Mechanics' Institute, formed in 1875, was the origin of the Waterloo Public Library.[111] Operating out of the then town hall, they offered books at a subscription fee.[111] The fees were abolished in 1887-8 and the city took control over the library, calling it Waterloo Free Library.[111] In 1905, a Carnegie library was built to house the books, across from the current location of the Main Branch, which replaced it in 1964.[111] The Eastside Branch, opened May 7, 2022, is the newest branch built.[112] The $10-million library is built into the existing RIM Park Manulife Sportsplex and has around 35,000 books.[112]

Fire protection

Fire protection and rescue services are provided by Waterloo Fire Rescue, a service of the City of Waterloo. As of 2020, there are four active fire stations in Waterloo. Waterloo Fire Rescue responds to fires, medical emergencies, car accidents and chemical incidents.[113] (Region of Waterloo Paramedic Services also responds to medical emergencies.) When the two-tier regional government system was implemented in the early 1970s, police service was moved to the regional government, but fire service remained at the local municipality (city or township) level. From time to time, the media and interested parties raise the question of whether this service should remain at the city level, or whether there might be cost savings or service improvements if the various fire services were merged into regional fire service. A 2019 newspaper article stated that "there would likely be no cost savings, but service would improve under [a] regionalized system," in the view of some former fire chiefs.[114]

Policing

Waterloo Regional Police Service, the seventh-largest police service in the province of Ontario, provides general police service in the city of Waterloo.[115] The Waterloo Regional Police North Division is located at 45 Columbia Street East, Waterloo. Waterloo Regional Police also serve the municipalities of Kitchener and Cambridge and the Townships of Wellesley, Wilmot, Woolwich and North Dumfries. City of Waterloo bylaws controlling matters such as parking, weeds and noise are enforced by city bylaw enforcement officers.[116] The two universities each have special constables who are first responders to all emergencies at their respective university campuses. Special Constables may lay charges and/or make arrests under the same legal authority as police officers.[117] As of 2019, University of Waterloo Police Service had twenty-four Special Constables.[118][119] Wilfrid Laurier University also has a Special Constable Service. The Ontario Provincial Police patrols provincial highways.[120] Two homicides were reported in the Waterloo Region in 2021, neither of which was in the city of Waterloo.[121]

Education

See also: List of secondary schools in Ontario § Regional Municipality of Waterloo; and List of Waterloo Region, Ontario schools § Waterloo 2

The Waterloo Region District School Board is the region's public school board. As of 2022, in Waterloo, they run 21 elementary schools (see List of Waterloo Region, Ontario schools) and three secondary schools, which are Bluevale Collegiate Institute, Laurel Heights Secondary School, and Waterloo Collegiate Institute.[122] The Waterloo Catholic District School Board is the region's catholic school board. As of 2022, in Waterloo, they run 8 elementary schools[123] and one secondary school, which is St. David Catholic Secondary School.[124] There are a number of private and other schools not associated with the above boards, but there are no secondary schools in Waterloo unassociated with the boards.[125][126]

Waterloo is home to the following universities and colleges: the University of Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University, St. Jerome's University, St. Paul's University College, Conrad Grebel University College, Renison University College, and Conestoga College (based in Kitchener but has a Waterloo campus). The University of Waterloo is a public research university that saw 37,884 students in 2022.[127] The university has the largest post-secondary co-op program in the world[128] and ranked 151–200 in the world and 7–8 in Canada in the 2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities.[129] Wilfrid Laurier University saw about 20,000 students in 2022, including its campuses in Brantford and Milton.[130]

Media

Main article: Media in Waterloo Region

The Waterloo Region Record is a daily newspaper that covers the Region of Waterloo,[131] while the Waterloo Chronicle covers the city;[132] both are published by Metroland Media Group. There are a number of FM radio stations that reach Waterloo, (see Media in Waterloo Region#Radio) although CKMS-FM is the only to broadcast out of the city.[133] CKGL (570 News) is the only AM radio station broadcasting from the Region.[133] CKCO-DT (CTV Kitchener) is the only television station that broadcasts from the Region.

Notable people

  • Walter Bowman (Born 1870), First non-British player to play in the English Football League.
  • Lorna Geddes (born 1943), ballerina with National Ballet of Canada

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

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Bibliography

  • Bloomfield, Elizabeth (1995). Waterloo Township Through Two Centuries. Kitchener: Waterloo Historical Society. ISBN 0-9699719-0-7.
  • Kraemer, George Leo (2003). Faith and foundations : the Germanic pioneers of Waterloo County and Bruce County Ontario, 1828-1867. Moncton, N.B.: Gogol Press. ISBN 0-9733832-0-8. OCLC 60833126.
  • McLaughlin, Kenneth; Jaeger, Sharon (2007). Waterloo: An Illustrated History, 1857–2007. Waterloo: City of Waterloo. ISBN 978-0-9691175-1-3.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Waterloo, Ontario.
  •   Waterloo, Ontario travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • Official website

April 14, 2023
waterloo, ontario, this, article, about, city, county, region, electoral, districts, waterloo, canada, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, lead, provide, accessible, overview, important, aspects, art. This article is about the city For the county region or electoral districts see Waterloo Canada This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article June 2022 Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo formerly Waterloo County Waterloo is situated about 94 km 58 mi west southwest of Toronto Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo the two together are often referred to as Kitchener Waterloo K W or The Twin Cities WaterlooCity lower tier City of WaterlooUptown WaterlooWaterloo City HallIon rapid transitThe Huether HotelPerimeter InstituteDavis Center UofW Seagram LoftsLogoMotto StabilityWaterlooShow map of Regional Municipality of WaterlooWaterlooShow map of Southern OntarioWaterlooShow map of CanadaWaterlooShow map of EarthCoordinates 43 28 N 80 31 W 43 467 N 80 517 W 43 467 80 517 Coordinates 43 28 N 80 31 W 43 467 N 80 517 W 43 467 80 517CountryCanadaProvinceOntarioRegionWaterlooIncorporatedMay 27 1857 1 Government MayorDorothy McCabe Governing BodyWaterloo City Council City CAOTim Anderson MPBardish Chagger Liberal MPPCatherine Fife ONDP Area 2 Land64 06 km2 24 73 sq mi Elevation329 m 1 079 ft Population 2021 2 City lower tier 121 436 47th Density1 895 8 km2 4 910 sq mi Metro575 847 10th Metro density527 2 km2 1 365 sq mi DemonymWaterluvian 3 Time zoneUTC 5 Summer DST UTC 4Forward sortation areaN2J to N2L N2T to N2VArea code s 519 226 and 548Websitewww waterloo caWhile several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo less motivation to do so existed and as a result Waterloo remains an independent city At the time of the 2021 census the population of Waterloo was 121 436 2 Contents 1 History 1 1 Indigenous peoples and settlement 1 2 Development 19th century 1 3 20th and 21st centuries 2 Geography 2 1 Waterways 2 2 Climate 3 Demographics 3 1 Ethnicity 3 2 Religion 3 3 Language 4 Economy 5 Arts and culture 5 1 Inactive or past 5 2 Attractions 6 Recreation 6 1 Parks 6 2 Mixed use trails 6 3 Sports 7 Government 8 Transportation 8 1 Roads 8 2 Public transport 8 3 Intercity rail 8 4 Air 9 Services 9 1 Health care 9 2 Libraries 9 3 Fire protection 9 4 Policing 10 Education 11 Media 12 Notable people 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 15 1 Bibliography 16 External linksHistory EditIndigenous peoples and settlement Edit Indigenous peoples such as the Iroquois Anishinaabe and Neutral Nation lived in the area 4 After the end of the American Revolution Joseph Brant a Mohawk war chief wanted Frederick Haldimand to give the Mohawk and Six Nations a tract of land surrounding the Grand River in return for their loyalty to the British in the war 5 6 Haldimand s 1784 Haldimand Proclamation granted the land six miles deep from either side of the Grand River beginning at Lake Erie and extending in that proportion to the very head of the said river 5 6 Haldimand who had previously ordered for potential mill sites to be identified in the region decreed in 1788 that mill sites would be included in the grant which would not have been included otherwise 7 In 1796 Richard Beasley purchased Block Number 2 of the grant from Joseph Brant on behalf of the Six Nations with a mortgage held by the Six Nations 8 Block 2 94 012 acres in size was situated in the District of Gore To meet his mortgage obligations Beasley had to sell portions of the land to settlers 8 This was counter to the original mortgage agreement but subsequent changes to the agreement were made to permit land sales Mennonites from Pennsylvania counties Lancaster and Montgomery were the first wave of immigrants to the area 9 In the year 1800 alone Beasley sold over 14 000 acres to Mennonite settlers citation needed A group of 26 Mennonites from Lancaster County Pennsylvania pooled their resources into the German Company of Pennsylvania which was then represented by Daniel Erb and Samuel Bricker citation needed The company purchased all the unsold land from Beasley in 1803 resulting in a discharge of the mortgage held by the Six Nations This discharge allowed Beasley to clear his obligation with the Six Nations and allowed the settlers to have deeds to their purchased land 10 The payment to Beasley in cash arrived from Pennsylvania in kegs carried in a wagon surrounded by armed guards 11 Many of the pioneers who arrived from Pennsylvania after November 1803 bought land in a 60 000 acre tract of Block 2 from the German Company of Pennsylvania The tract included almost two thirds of Block 2 Many of the first farms were least 400 acres in size 12 Development 19th century Edit The Mennonites divided the land into smaller lots two lots owned by Abraham Erb who is often called the founder of the Village of Waterloo 13 became the central core of Waterloo Erb had come to the area in 1806 from Pennsylvania 7 He had bought 4 000 acres 1 600 ha from the German Company Tract and settled where there was enough water power to operate mills 7 He founded a sawmill in 1808 and grist mill in 1816 they saw business flourish 13 Other early settlers of what would become Waterloo included Samuel and Elia Schneider who arrived in 1816 Until about 1820 settlements such as this were quite small 12 14 Erb also built what is now known as the Erb Kumpf House in c 1812 making it likely one of the oldest homes in Waterloo 15 16 17 The first schoolhouse in Waterloo built in 1820 The first school in what is now the City of Waterloo was built on land donated by Erb the log building was constructed in 1820 A larger school house of stone was built in 1842 and was replaced with a brick school building in 1852 Over the decades the log building was moved eventually to Waterloo Park where it still stands 18 The German spoken in Waterloo County is based upon the 18th century Pennsylvania Dutch dialect 19 In turn the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect is based upon the dialect of German spoken in southwestern Germany 19 In 1816 the new Waterloo Township was officially incorporated while being named after Waterloo Belgium the site of the Battle of Waterloo 1815 which had ended the Napoleonic Wars in Europe 20 After that war the new township became a popular destination for German immigrants By the 1840s German settlers had overtaken the Mennonites as the dominant segment of the population Many Germans settled in the small hamlet to the southeast of Waterloo In their honour the village was named Berlin in 1833 renamed to Kitchener in 1916 The first Catholic family to arrive were the Spetz family from Alsace who came in 1828 21 By 1831 Waterloo had a small post office in the King and Erb Street area operated by Daniel Snyder some 11 years before one would open in neighbouring Berlin 22 23 The Smith s Canadian Gazetteer of 1846 states that the Township of Waterloo smaller than Waterloo County consisted primarily of Pennsylvanian Mennonites and immigrants directly from Germany who had brought money with them At the time many did not speak English There were eight grist and twenty sawmills in the township In 1841 the population count was 4424 In 1846 the village of Waterloo had a population of 200 mostly Germans There was a grist mill and a sawmill and some tradesmen 24 By comparison Berlin Kitchener had a population of about 400 also mostly German and more tradesmen than the village of Waterloo 25 Berlin was chosen as the site of the seat for the County of Waterloo in 1853 By 1869 the population was 2000 26 Waterloo was incorporated as a village in 1857 and became the Town of Waterloo in 1876 4 The Kitchener Public Utilities Commission began providing streetcar service in the region in 1888 20th and 21st centuries Edit The Galt Preston and Hespeler electric railway later called the Grand River Railway connected to Waterloo in 1911 and ended service in 1931 27 28 The Kitchener Public Utilities Commission stopped providing streetcar service in 1947 and were replaced by electric trolley coaches Waterloo was incorporated as the City of Waterloo in 1948 4 The trolley coaches ended service in 1973 29 The presence of the University of Waterloo in the city caused technological and innovative companies to base in Waterloo 30 especially companies specializing in computing and software For example Research in Motion now BlackBerry Limited which developed BlackBerry was started by Mike Lazaridis and Doug Fregin in 1984 31 A 1994 issue of the Financial Post mentioned Waterloo based companies MKS WATCOM and Open Text in a list of the top 100 independent software companies in Canada 31 In June 2011 the Waterloo Region council approved the Ion a light rail transit line connecting Conestoga Mall in north Waterloo and Fairview Park Mall in south Kitchener 32 Construction on the Ion began in August 2014 In 2016 two sections of a corduroy road were unearthed One was in the King Street area of the business district and the second was discovered near the Conestoga Mall The road was probably built by Mennonites using technology acquired in Lancaster County Pennsylvania between the late 1790s and 1816 citation needed The log road was buried in about 1840 and a new road built on top of it 33 34 A historian who explained that the road had been built for access to the mill but was also one of the first roads cut through the woods so people could start settling the area 35 Ion service began in 2019 and experienced a daily ridership of 25 000 in November 2020 36 Uptown looking Northwest from the Uptown Parkade Landmarks visible include the Marsland Centre on the extreme left and Waterloo City Hall on the extreme right Geography Edit King Street South in Uptown WaterlooWaterloo s city centre is near the intersection of King and Erb streets The city centre was once along Albert Street near the Marsland Centre and the Waterloo Public Library The town hall fire hall and farmers market were located there Amidst some controversy all were demolished between 1965 and 1969 Historically Waterloo s swamp land near where the village was first developed caused problems for development 7 To mitigate these issues sand was taken from nearby areas to raise the land buildings were built on foundations of oak planks and King Street was originally built as a corduroy road 13 Waterways Edit The Grand River as seen to the north east of Waterloo The Grand River flows southward along the city s east side Its most significant tributary within the city is Laurel Creek whose source lies just to the west of the city limits and its mouth just to the east and crosses much of the city s central areas including the University of Waterloo lands and Waterloo Park it flows under the uptown area in a culvert In the city s west end the Waterloo Moraine provides over 300 000 people in the region with drinking water Much of the gently hilly Waterloo Moraine underlies existing developed areas Ongoing urban growth mostly low density residential suburbs in accordance with requests by land developers will cover increasing amounts of the remaining undeveloped portions of the Waterloo Moraine Climate Edit Waterloo has a humid continental climate of the warm summer subtype Dfb under the Koppen climate classification 37 this means that there are large seasonal differences with warm humid summers and cold winters Compared to other parts of Canada Waterloo has fairly moderate weather Winter temperatures usually occur between mid December and mid March while summer temperatures generally occur between mid May and late September It is not uncommon for temperatures to exceed 30 C 86 F several times each summer Waterloo has approximately 140 frost free days per year Climate data for Waterloo Regional Airport 1981 2010 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high humidex 13 4 13 0 28 0 33 7 39 6 43 2 47 7 48 3 41 2 34 5 24 4 22 1 48 3Record high C F 14 2 57 6 13 7 56 7 27 0 80 6 29 2 84 6 32 0 89 6 36 1 97 0 36 0 96 8 36 5 97 7 33 3 91 9 29 4 84 9 21 7 71 1 18 7 65 7 36 5 97 7 Average high C F 2 6 27 3 1 2 29 8 3 6 38 5 11 5 52 7 18 5 65 3 23 6 74 5 26 0 78 8 24 8 76 6 20 4 68 7 13 5 56 3 6 3 43 3 0 2 32 4 12 0 53 6 Daily mean C F 6 5 20 3 5 5 22 1 1 30 6 2 43 2 12 5 54 5 17 6 63 7 20 0 68 0 18 9 66 0 14 5 58 1 8 2 46 8 2 5 36 5 3 3 26 1 7 0 44 6 Average low C F 10 3 13 5 9 7 14 5 5 6 21 9 0 8 33 4 6 4 43 5 11 5 52 7 14 0 57 2 12 9 55 2 8 6 47 5 2 9 37 2 1 4 29 5 6 8 19 8 2 0 35 6 Record low C F 31 9 25 4 29 2 20 6 25 4 13 7 16 1 3 0 3 9 25 0 0 6 30 9 5 0 41 0 1 1 34 0 3 7 25 3 8 3 17 1 15 4 4 3 27 2 17 0 31 9 25 4 Record low wind chill 40 5 37 1 30 2 20 6 8 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 11 9 22 2 31 2 40 5Average precipitation mm inches 65 2 2 57 54 9 2 16 61 0 2 40 74 5 2 93 82 3 3 24 82 4 3 24 98 6 3 88 83 9 3 30 87 8 3 46 67 4 2 65 87 1 3 43 71 2 2 80 916 5 36 08 Average rainfall mm inches 28 7 1 13 29 7 1 17 36 8 1 45 68 0 2 68 81 8 3 22 82 4 3 24 98 6 3 88 83 9 3 30 87 8 3 46 66 1 2 60 75 0 2 95 38 0 1 50 776 8 30 58 Average snowfall cm inches 43 7 17 2 30 3 11 9 26 5 10 4 7 3 2 9 0 38 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 6 13 0 5 1 37 2 14 6 159 7 62 9 Average precipitation days 0 2 mm 18 2 14 2 13 8 13 7 12 4 12 0 10 6 10 7 12 2 13 9 16 4 18 1 166 0Average rainy days 0 2 mm 5 6 5 0 6 9 11 5 12 4 12 0 10 6 10 7 12 2 13 7 11 6 6 9 118 7Average snowy days 0 2 cm 16 1 11 9 9 0 3 3 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 6 5 14 4 62 2Average relative humidity at 6am 86 4 83 4 84 8 84 4 84 7 87 0 90 1 93 6 94 3 90 6 87 6 87 1 87 8Source Environment Canada 38 Demographics EditHistorical populationYearPop 184120018711 59418812 06618912 94119013 53719114 35919215 88319318 09519418 968195111 991196121 366197136 677198149 428199171 181200186 543 39 200697 475 40 201198 780 41 2016104 986 42 2021121 436 2 Source Census of PopulationAs of the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada Waterloo has a population of 121 436 a change of 15 7 from its 2016 population of 104 986 2 With a land area of 64 06 km2 24 73 sq mi the city has a population density of 1 895 7 km2 4 909 7 sq mi 2 As of 2021 the median age is 36 0 years old as compared to 37 7 in 2016 2 43 Waterloo s median age is 13 lower than Ontario s median age which is 41 6 years old 44 At the census metropolitan area CMA level in the 2021 census the Kitchener Cambridge Waterloo CMA had a population of 575 847 living in 219 060 of its 229 809 total private dwellings a change of 9 9 from its 2016 population of 523 894 With a land area of 1 092 33 km2 421 75 sq mi it had a population density of 527 2 km2 1 365 4 sq mi in 2021 2 Ethnicity Edit The most common ethnic or cultural origins reported in Waterloo in 2021 were German 17 9 English 17 0 Scottish 14 6 Irish 14 3 Canadian 10 2 Chinese 8 9 Indian 6 4 French 6 0 British Isles 4 1 Polish 4 1 Dutch 3 9 Italian 3 3 and Ukrainian 2 4 45 Indigenous people made up 1 3 of the population mostly First Nations 0 7 and Metis 0 5 Ethnocultural backgrounds in the city included European 63 7 South Asian 10 7 Chinese 9 2 Black 3 1 Arab 2 7 Latin American 1 9 West Asian 1 7 Southeast Asian 1 4 Korean 1 4 and Filipino 1 0 2 Panethnic groups in the City of Waterloo 2001 2021 Panethnicgroup 2021 46 2016 47 2011 48 2006 49 2001 50 Pop Pop Pop Pop Pop European a 75 340 63 64 74 905 72 45 76 445 78 73 79 625 82 28 73 950 85 91 East Asian b 13 035 11 01 10 960 10 6 7 615 7 84 6 295 6 5 3 670 4 26 South Asian 12 680 10 71 6 650 6 43 5 145 5 3 4 495 4 64 3 695 4 29 Middle Eastern c 5 160 4 36 3 020 2 92 2 580 2 66 1 490 1 54 980 1 14 African 3 660 3 09 1 990 1 92 1 425 1 47 1 145 1 18 1 395 1 62 Southeast Asian d 2 810 2 37 1 730 1 67 1 355 1 4 1 305 1 35 680 0 79 Latin American 2 250 1 9 1 405 1 36 1 050 1 08 860 0 89 630 0 73 Indigenous 1 585 1 34 1 220 1 18 825 0 85 755 0 78 510 0 59 Other e 1 865 1 58 1 515 1 47 655 0 67 800 0 83 575 0 67 Total responses 118 390 97 49 103 390 98 48 97 100 98 3 96 775 99 28 86 080 99 47 Total population 121 436 100 104 986 100 98 780 100 97 475 100 86 543 100 Note Totals greater than 100 due to multiple origin responses Religion Edit In 2021 45 8 of the population identified as Christian with Catholics 17 9 making up the largest denomination followed by United Church 3 3 Lutheran 3 2 Anglican 2 8 Orthodox 2 4 and other denominations 37 7 of the population reported no religious affiliation Others identified as Muslim 8 1 Hindu 4 7 Sikh 1 2 Buddhist 1 1 and with other religions 2 Language Edit English was the mother tongue of 64 6 of the population in 2021 This was followed by Mandarin 6 2 Arabic 2 2 German 1 5 Spanish 1 5 Hindi 1 3 Punjabi 1 2 Korean 1 1 Iranian Persian 1 0 Urdu 1 0 Serbo Croatian 1 0 Cantonese 0 9 and French 0 9 Of the official languages 98 2 of the population reported knowing English and 8 8 French 2 Economy Edit The Sun Life Financial building is currently the tallest building in Waterloo The Marsland Centre in Uptown Waterloo View from the parkade in Uptown Waterloo According to the 2016 Canadian Census Waterloo has a median household income after tax of 72 239 51 This is significantly higher than the national median of 61 348 The unemployment rate in Waterloo 6 9 is lower than the national rate of 7 7 The median value of a dwelling in Waterloo 399 997 is higher than the national median of 341 556 51 The Intelligent Community Forum named Waterloo the Top Intelligent Community of 2007 52 Waterloo has a strong knowledge and service based economy with significant insurance and high tech sectors as well as two universities 53 The city s largest employers are Sun Life Financial the University of Waterloo Manulife Financial BlackBerry 54 Sandvine and Wilfrid Laurier University 55 54 The city is also home to three well known think tanks the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics an advanced centre for the study of foundational theoretical physics and award winning educational outreach in science the Institute for Quantum Computing based at the University of Waterloo which carries out innovative research in the computer engineering mathematical and physical sciences and the Centre for International Governance Innovation an independent nonpartisan think tank that addresses international governance challenges The city is part of Canada s Technology Triangle CTT a joint economic development initiative of Waterloo Kitchener Cambridge and the Region of Waterloo that markets the region internationally Despite its name CTT does not focus exclusively on promoting technology industries but on all aspects of economic development Waterloo has a strong technology sector with hundreds of high tech firms 53 The dominant technology company in the city is BlackBerry makers of the BlackBerry which has its headquarters in the city and owns several office buildings near the University of Waterloo s main campus Notable Waterloo based high tech companies include Aeryon Labs BlackBerry Dalsa Descartes Systems Group Google in neighbouring Kitchener Kik Messenger in neighbouring Kitchener Maplesoft MKS Inc ON Semiconductor OpenText Corporation Sandvine VidyardMany other high tech companies with headquarters elsewhere take advantage of the concentration of high tech employees in the Waterloo area and have research and development centres there Shopify SAP Google Oracle Intel McAfee NCR Corporation Electronic Arts and Agfa are among the large international technology companies with development offices in Waterloo Before it became known for technology Waterloo was sometimes 56 referred to as the Hartford of Canada because of the many insurance companies based in the area 9 Manulife Sun Life Financial Equitable Life of Canada and Economical Insurance have a large presence in the city Breweries and distilleries had been a significant industry in the Waterloo area until 1993 when a Labatt owned brewery was shut down The Brick Brewing Company operated in Waterloo but is now based in Kitchener Waterloo was the original home of distiller Seagram also the home town of many descendants of J P Seagram which closed its Waterloo plant in 1992 Of the remaining Seagram buildings one became home of the Centre for International Governance Innovation CIGI while others were converted into condominiums The city encourages location filming of movies and TV series and many have taken advantage of Waterloo locations Examples include Downsizing released in 2017 The Demolisher 2015 and Degrassi The Next Generation 2015 57 Arts and culture EditSee also Kitchener Ontario Culture Elizabeth Witmer taps a keg to begin 1996 s KW Oktoberfest Kitchener Waterloo Oktoberfest is a nine day Oktoberfest celebration held in both Kitchener and Waterloo 58 59 It is the second largest Oktoberfest celebration in the world 60 and the largest outside of Germany In 2013 CBC reported that the festival receives over 700 000 annual visitors has 1 780 volunteers was broadcast to 1 8 million national television viewers and generated an estimated 21 million of economic activity 58 Tri Pride is a non profit LGBT pride festival held annually during Pride Month in the tri cities of Cambridge Kitchener and Waterloo 61 62 The Kitchener Waterloo Symphony is located in Kitchener According to their website they perform over 222 concerts annually to an audience of over 90 000 both in the concert hall and across the Waterloo Region 63 The Waterloo Busker Carnival is a busking festival held annually in August in Waterloo public square 64 65 Admission is free and the festival has been operating since 1989 64 The Rainbow Reels Queer and Trans Film Festival is an annual LBGT film festival which screens at Princess Twin Cinemas in Uptown Waterloo 66 67 Inactive or past Edit The Waterloo Festival for Animated Cinema was an annual film festival dedicated to feature length animation films 68 69 It was held from 2001 to 2013 The International Olympiad in Informatics a competitive programming competition for secondary school students was held in Waterloo in 2010 70 Attractions Edit Perimeter Institute in Uptown Waterloo s local tourist tourist attractions and areas of interest include the Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery the Waterloo Central Railway the City of Waterloo Museum 71 a statue of monkeys entitled Banana 72 the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics the St Jacobs Farmers Market 73 although the market is just outside city limits University of Waterloo s Earth Sciences Museum and Conestoga Mall Recreation EditExternal interactive map An interactive map created by the city depicting the city s recreation facilities Index parks are outlined in thin green outdoor skating rinks are cyan markers cycling infrastructure are thick lines and trails are thick blue linesWaterloo s parks and recreation facilities mainly comprise Waterloo Park Bechtel Park Laurel Creek Conservation Area the Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex RIM Park and over 150 kilometres 93 mi of mixed use trails Parks Edit Created in 1890 74 45 hectare 110 acre Waterloo Park is an urban park in Uptown Waterloo which includes an animal farm sports fields and a splash pad 75 It is the oldest park in the city the mixed use Laurel Trail and the rapid transit Ion line both run through the park 76 44 hectare 110 acre Bechtel Park is located in eastern Waterloo and houses a dog park three soccer fields a field house and more 77 Laurel Creek Conservation Area is in western Waterloo north west of University of Waterloo s Environmental Reserve and houses 122 campsites 4 5 kilometres 2 8 mi of trails and facilities for canoeing swimming windsurfing cycling and sailing 78 79 The Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex The Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex then described as the largest and most expensive project in the city s history opened in 1993 80 It includes an arena seating 3 500 swimming and banquet facilities and an indoor track 80 123 hectare 300 acre RIM Park originally called Millennium Park opened in September 2001 81 Its features include outdoor soccer fields ice rinks baseball diamonds basketball courts meeting rooms and more 81 RIM Park is in proximity to the Walter Bean Grand River Trail Grey Silo Golf Course and Waterloo Public Library s Eastside Branch 81 82 There are a number of small playgrounds woodlots and recreation facilities around Waterloo which are not mentioned above due to their size Mixed use trails Edit The Walter Bean Grand River Trail with the Grand River seen in the background Trails for walking hiking and biking play an important part in Waterloo s recreational infrastructure Waterloo had 150 kilometres 93 mi of trails by 2007 as compared to 10 kilometres 6 2 mi of trails in 1987 83 The 5 kilometre 3 1 mi Iron Horse Trail connecting Waterloo and Kitchener opened in 1997 84 Then mayor Joan McKinnon brought upon the connection of the Trans Canada Trail into the Waterloo Region which ran from the Iron Horse Trail to Waterloo s northern boundary 83 The 76 kilometre 47 mi 85 Walter Bean Grand River Trail announced in 1999 served to create an accessible trail along the Grand River 83 Waterloo An Illustrated History 1857 2007 states the trail was particularly needed in Waterloo as the river s geographic location on the edge of the city meant that unlike so many other Canadian cities the river had not historically played a central role in the community 83 Sports Edit In July 2002 Waterloo along with Kitchener hosted the Ontario Summer Games 86 The following sports teams are based in Waterloo Waterloo Wildfire National Ringette League Waterloo Siskins Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League Waterloo United League One Ontario Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks and Waterloo Warriors Government Edit Waterloo City Hall Waterloo was part of Waterloo County until 1973 when a restructuring created the Regional Municipality of Waterloo which consists of the cities of Waterloo Kitchener and Cambridge and the townships of Woolwich Wilmot Wellesley and North Dumfries The Region handles many services including paramedic services policing waste management recreation planning roads and social services 87 The Waterloo Award established in 1997 is the highest civic honour a person can receive from the City of Waterloo 88 Waterloo City Council consists of a mayor and seven councillors each representing a ward The number of wards was increased from five to seven in the November 2006 elections As of 2022 the mayor of Waterloo is Dorothy McCabe elected in October 2022 The current Waterloo councillors are as follows as of 2022 listed by ascending ward number Sandra Hanmer Southwest Ward Royce Bodaly Northwest Ward Hans Roach Lakeshore Ward Diane Freeman Northeast Ward Jen Vasic Southeast Ward Mary Lou Roe Central Columbia Ward and Julie Wright Uptown Ward 89 In politics Waterloo is within the federal electoral district of Waterloo and within the provincial electoral district also named Waterloo Waterloo federal election results 90 Year Liberal Conservative New Democratic Green2021 46 25 816 27 15 521 19 10 846 3 1 9342019 49 29 922 24 14 681 15 9 303 10 5 928Waterloo provincial election results 91 Year PC New Democratic Liberal Green2022 29 12 414 46 19 616 14 5 963 7 2 9542018 31 15 974 51 26 243 12 6 328 5 2 473Transportation EditRoads Edit The road system and city limits of WaterlooSee also List of numbered roads in Waterloo Region The controlled access Highway 85 part of the larger Conestoga Parkway is the only provincial highway that runs through Waterloo To the north the divided freeway ends at the city limit and the road becomes Waterloo Regional Road 85 which accesses St Jacobs and Elmira before ending in Elmira To the south Highway 85 becomes Highway 7 within Kitchener before diverging into eastbound Highway 8 to Cambridge Highway 401 interchange and Hamilton and westbound Highway 7 8 to New Hamburg Stratford and Goderich Highway 85 has 5 interchanges within Waterloo from north to south with the regional road number in brackets King Street 15 Northfield Drive 50 King Street 15 University Avenue 57 and Bridgeport Road 9 Public transport Edit Main articles Grand River Transit and Ion rapid transit Ion unit 507 at Queen Station in 2018 Public transport throughout the Waterloo Region is provided by Grand River Transit GRT which provides service for various bus routes and the Ion rapid transit line Ion rapid transit trains travel through 19 stations from Conestoga station Conestoga Mall in Waterloo to Fairway station Fairview Park mall in Kitchener The line connects with downtown Kitchener and uptown Waterloo GRT operates local and express bus routes within Waterloo with connections to Kitchener In September 2005 an express bus route called iXpress was added running from downtown Cambridge to Conestoga Mall via Fairview Park Mall Waterloo is served by GO buses which stop at the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University with destinations of Square One City Centre Terminal Milton GO Station and York University Intercity rail Edit Aerial photograph of the Region of Waterloo International Airport Waterloo is not currently served by any regularly scheduled passenger rail service The nearby Kitchener station is accessible from Waterloo through buses or a transfer from Ion s Kitchener Central Station Kitchener station is serviced by the Kitchener line and the Corridor operated by GO Transit and Via Rail respectively 92 93 Both services are infrequent On weekdays the commuter rail GO trains run eastbound to Toronto nine times per day and westbound eight times per day 94 No Kitchener line trains are run on the weekends 94 Including weekends Via Rail operates one train per day both westbound and eastbound 92 95 96 The non profit tourist railway Waterloo Central Railway is a revival of the Waterloo St Jacobs Railway It departs from the St Jacobs Farmers Market and runs trains at 10 am 12 pm and 2 pm from April to November The Waterloo Station continues to operate as a Visitor amp Heritage Information Centre 97 Air Edit The Region of Waterloo International Airport in nearby Breslau serves Waterloo and the surrounding region although it is not heavily served by scheduled airlines Most air travellers use Toronto s Lester B Pearson International Airport or John C Munro Hamilton International Airport citation needed As of 2022 the Region of Waterloo International Airport has year round flights to Calgary Cancun Charlottetown Deer Lake Edmonton Halifax Kelowna Vancouver and Winnipeg 98 The airport has seasonal flights to Montreal and Ottawa 98 As of 2022 the airport s airlines are Flair Airlines Pivot Airlines and WestJet 98 Services EditHealth care Edit St Mary s General Hospital Hospital services in the region are provided by Grand River Hospital which includes a Freeport Campus and St Mary s General Hospital both in Kitchener as well as Cambridge Memorial Hospital 99 All three were highly ranked for safety in a national comparison study in 2017 2018 particularly the two in Kitchener but all would benefit from reduced wait times 100 Long term care beds are provided at numerous facilities 101 Region of Waterloo Paramedic Services and Waterloo Fire Rescue respond to medical emergencies within the city of Waterloo Region of Waterloo Paramedic Services may transport patients to either Grand River Hospital or St Mary s General Hospital emergency departments depending on proximity anticipated wait times and the type of emergency Grand River Hospital has a capacity of 574 beds the Freeport location was merged into it in April 1995 102 That secondary campus provides complex continuing care rehabilitation longer term specialized mental health and other services 103 The King St location is also the home of the Grand River Regional Cancer Centre which opened in 2003 104 St Mary s General Hospital is a 150 bed adult acute care facility and includes the Regional Cardiac Care Centre with two cardiovascular operating rooms an eight bed cardiovascular intensive care unit and 45 inpatient beds 105 106 As of late 2018 Cambridge Memorial had 143 beds but was in the midst of a major expansion expected to be completed in 2021 107 Family doctors are often in short supply and a source of great concern among residents Recruiting efforts over the previous 15 years certainly achieved some success as of September 2018 but needed to be continued 108 Announced January 2006 as a new School of Medicine the Waterloo Regional Campus of McMaster University was completed in 2009 In 2018 the Waterloo campus included a complete on site clinical skills laboratory with 4 skills rooms and 2 observation rooms classrooms with video conferencing capabilities and a state of the art anatomy lab that was built in 2013 with a high definition video system according to the university Its Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine building includes the Centre for Family Medicine and the University of Waterloo School of Optometry and Vision Science 109 Libraries Edit Main article Waterloo Public Library The entrance to Waterloo Public Library s Main Branch in 2002 The Waterloo Public Library was founded in 1888 As of 2022 the library has 4 branches in order of opening the Main Branch the Albert McCormick Branch the John M Harper Branch and the Eastside Branch 110 The Waterloo s Mechanics Institute formed in 1875 was the origin of the Waterloo Public Library 111 Operating out of the then town hall they offered books at a subscription fee 111 The fees were abolished in 1887 8 and the city took control over the library calling it Waterloo Free Library 111 In 1905 a Carnegie library was built to house the books across from the current location of the Main Branch which replaced it in 1964 111 The Eastside Branch opened May 7 2022 is the newest branch built 112 The 10 million library is built into the existing RIM Park Manulife Sportsplex and has around 35 000 books 112 Fire protection Edit Fire protection and rescue services are provided by Waterloo Fire Rescue a service of the City of Waterloo As of 2020 there are four active fire stations in Waterloo Waterloo Fire Rescue responds to fires medical emergencies car accidents and chemical incidents 113 Region of Waterloo Paramedic Services also responds to medical emergencies When the two tier regional government system was implemented in the early 1970s police service was moved to the regional government but fire service remained at the local municipality city or township level From time to time the media and interested parties raise the question of whether this service should remain at the city level or whether there might be cost savings or service improvements if the various fire services were merged into regional fire service A 2019 newspaper article stated that there would likely be no cost savings but service would improve under a regionalized system in the view of some former fire chiefs 114 Policing Edit Waterloo Regional Police Service the seventh largest police service in the province of Ontario provides general police service in the city of Waterloo 115 The Waterloo Regional Police North Division is located at 45 Columbia Street East Waterloo Waterloo Regional Police also serve the municipalities of Kitchener and Cambridge and the Townships of Wellesley Wilmot Woolwich and North Dumfries City of Waterloo bylaws controlling matters such as parking weeds and noise are enforced by city bylaw enforcement officers 116 The two universities each have special constables who are first responders to all emergencies at their respective university campuses Special Constables may lay charges and or make arrests under the same legal authority as police officers 117 As of 2019 University of Waterloo Police Service had twenty four Special Constables 118 119 Wilfrid Laurier University also has a Special Constable Service The Ontario Provincial Police patrols provincial highways 120 Two homicides were reported in the Waterloo Region in 2021 neither of which was in the city of Waterloo 121 Education EditSee also List of secondary schools in Ontario Regional Municipality of Waterloo and List of Waterloo Region Ontario schools Waterloo 2 The Waterloo Region District School Board is the region s public school board As of 2022 in Waterloo they run 21 elementary schools see List of Waterloo Region Ontario schools and three secondary schools which are Bluevale Collegiate Institute Laurel Heights Secondary School and Waterloo Collegiate Institute 122 The Waterloo Catholic District School Board is the region s catholic school board As of 2022 in Waterloo they run 8 elementary schools 123 and one secondary school which is St David Catholic Secondary School 124 There are a number of private and other schools not associated with the above boards but there are no secondary schools in Waterloo unassociated with the boards 125 126 Waterloo is home to the following universities and colleges the University of Waterloo Wilfrid Laurier University St Jerome s University St Paul s University College Conrad Grebel University College Renison University College and Conestoga College based in Kitchener but has a Waterloo campus The University of Waterloo is a public research university that saw 37 884 students in 2022 127 The university has the largest post secondary co op program in the world 128 and ranked 151 200 in the world and 7 8 in Canada in the 2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities 129 Wilfrid Laurier University saw about 20 000 students in 2022 including its campuses in Brantford and Milton 130 Media EditMain article Media in Waterloo RegionThe Waterloo Region Record is a daily newspaper that covers the Region of Waterloo 131 while the Waterloo Chronicle covers the city 132 both are published by Metroland Media Group There are a number of FM radio stations that reach Waterloo see Media in Waterloo Region Radio although CKMS FM is the only to broadcast out of the city 133 CKGL 570 News is the only AM radio station broadcasting from the Region 133 CKCO DT CTV Kitchener is the only television station that broadcasts from the Region Notable people EditWalter Bowman Born 1870 First non British player to play in the English Football League Lorna Geddes born 1943 ballerina with National Ballet of CanadaSee also Edit Ontario portalList of cities in OntarioNotes Edit Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity Statistic includes total responses of Chinese Korean and Japanese under visible minority section on census Statistic includes total responses of West Asian and Arab under visible minority section on census Statistic includes total responses of Filipino and Southeast Asian under visible minority section on census Statistic includes total responses of Visible minority n i e and Multiple visible minorities under visible minority section on census References Edit Bloomfield 1995 p 146 a b c d e f g h i j k Statistics Canada April 27 2022 Waterloo City CY Census subdivision Ontario Kitchener Cambridge Waterloo Census metropolitan area Ontario table Census Profile 2021 Census of Population Archived from the original on May 20 2022 Retrieved May 20 2022 Town of Waterloo townwaterloo October 30 2013 Waterluvians Don t forget about our trail renaming contest prize new bike Entries accepted until Jan 31 Tweet via Twitter a b c Waterloo s history Archived from the original on April 29 2021 Retrieved March 29 2021 a b McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 18 19 a b Haldimand Proclamation The Canadian Encyclopedia Archived from the original on August 5 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 a b c d McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 15 a b History of Waterloo Township Archived from the original on July 27 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 a b Our Proud History City of Waterloo Archived from the original on September 28 2007 Retrieved August 30 2007 Waterloo County GenWeb Archived from the original on August 27 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 Waterloo Township Waterloo Region Museum Research Region of Waterloo 2013 Archived from the original on February 27 2017 Retrieved March 13 2017 To correct the situation a formal agreement was arranged between Brant and Beasley This arrangement allowed Beasley to sell the bulk of Block 2 in order to cover his mortgage obligations completely while giving the Mennonite buyers legal title to the land they had purchased Beasley sold a 60 000 acre tract of land to the German Company of Pennsylvania represented by Daniel Erb and Samuel Bricker in November 1803 Beasley s sale to the German Company not only cleared him of mortgage debt but left him with 10 000 acres of Block 2 land which he continued to sell into the 1830s a b History PDF Waterloo Historical Society 1930 Annual Meeting Waterloo Historical Society 1930 Archived PDF from the original on February 27 2017 Retrieved March 13 2017 a b c McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 16 Erb Kumpf House 172 King Street South Designated February 19 1979 City of Waterloo Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved August 30 2007 Erb Kumpf House Canada s Historic Places February 13 2009 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved December 28 2020 The Erb Kumpf House WRX Property Group Archived from the original on December 29 2020 Retrieved December 29 2020 Erb Kumpf House 172 King Street South Historic Waterloo Archived from the original on December 29 2020 Retrieved December 29 2020 The Legacy of the 1820 Log Schoolhouse Part II Waterloo Heritage News June 1 2014 Archived from the original on May 19 2021 Retrieved May 19 2021 a b Kraemer 2003 p 36 History of Waterloo Township Archived from the original on July 27 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 Kraemer 2003 p 76 Mills Rych March 6 2017 Flash from the Past Tracking Waterloo s mail Waterloo Region Record Archived from the original on March 8 2017 Retrieved June 12 2017 Bloomfield 1995 p 76 Smith Wm H 1846 Smith s Canadian Gazetteer Statistical and General Information Respecting all parts of The Upper Province or Canada West Toronto H amp W Rowsell pp 205 206 Smith Wm H 1846 Smith s Canadian Gazetteer Statistical and General Information Respecting all parts of The Upper Province or Canada West Toronto H amp W Rowsell p 15 Henry McEvoy March 5 1869 The Province of Ontario Gazetteer and Directory Containing Concise Robertson amp Cook via Internet Archive Cambridge and its Influence on Waterloo Region s Light Rail Transit Waterloo Region Waterloo Region January 19 2017 Archived from the original on March 12 2017 Retrieved March 10 2017 Mills Rych January 10 2017 Flash From the Past Preston Car and Coach goes up in smoke Record Kitchener Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved March 10 2017 Flash From the Past Faster smoother quieter trolleys take over King Street Waterloo Region Record January 22 2021 Archived from the original on January 25 2021 Retrieved January 24 2021 From 1888 to 1947 Berlin Kitchener and Waterloo had been connected by streetcars plying King Street Initially powered by horses but after 1895 by electricity via a single pole connecting with an overhead wire McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 171 a b McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 174 Rail plan passes TheRecord June 15 2011 Archived from the original on March 12 2012 Retrieved February 20 2012 Jackson James September 26 2018 University of Waterloo researchers hoping to borrow corduroy road samples Waterloo Region Record Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved May 28 2019 Jackson James May 10 2018 Corduroy road gives a glimpse into Waterloo s past Waterloo Region Record Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved May 28 2019 It looked like a giant rib cage in the ground The centuries old origins of Silicon Valley north laid bare by LRT build Canada s Historic Places Retrieved March 29 2021 Public transit numbers on the rise since Ion launch in June Keolis November 18 2020 Retrieved November 19 2020 Interactive Canada Koppen Geiger Climate Classification Map www plantmaps com Retrieved July 18 2022 Waterloo Wellington A Canadian Climate Normals 1981 2010 Environment Canada Archived from the original on July 17 2020 Retrieved September 15 2013 Statistics Canada October 22 2003 Waterloo Ontario Code3530016 table 2001 Community Profiles 2001 Census Archived from the original on July 16 2020 Retrieved July 12 2020 Statistics Canada March 13 2007 Waterloo Ontario Code3530016 table 2006 Community Profiles 2006 Census Archived from the original on July 20 2020 Retrieved July 12 2020 Statistics Canada October 24 2012 Waterloo Ontario Code 3530016 and Canada Code 01 table Census Profile 2011 Census Census Profile 2011 Census Archived from the original on July 16 2020 Retrieved July 12 2020 Statistics Canada November 29 2017 Waterloo CY Census subdivision Ontario and Kitchener Cambridge Waterloo Census metropolitan area Ontario table Census Profile 2016 Census Archived from the original on July 17 2020 Retrieved July 12 2020 Census Profile 2016 Census Waterloo City www12 statcan gc ca Statistics Canada Archived from the original on March 25 2022 Retrieved October 13 2021 Government of Canada Statistics Canada February 9 2022 Profile table Census Profile 2021 Census of Population Ontario Province www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved July 7 2022 Multiple ethnic cultural origins can be reported Government of Canada Statistics Canada October 26 2022 Census Profile 2021 Census of Population www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved January 15 2023 Government of Canada Statistics Canada October 27 2021 Census Profile 2016 Census www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved January 15 2023 Government of Canada Statistics Canada November 27 2015 NHS Profile www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved January 15 2023 Government of Canada Statistics Canada August 20 2019 2006 Community Profiles www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved January 15 2023 Government of Canada Statistics Canada July 2 2019 2001 Community Profiles www12 statcan gc ca Retrieved January 15 2023 a b Statistics Canada November 29 2017 Waterloo CY Census subdivision Ontario and Canada Country table Census Profile 2016 Census Archived from the original on July 24 2020 Retrieved July 12 2020 Intelligent Community Awards 2007 Intelligent Community Forum Archived from the original on June 13 2007 Retrieved August 8 2007 a b Riding profile Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on June 12 2007 Retrieved August 30 2007 a b FY 2015 SEC Form 40 PDF Research In Motion Investor Relations Archived PDF from the original on April 18 2016 Retrieved May 11 2016 Investment prospectus PDF Archived from the original PDF on August 27 2011 Retrieved December 7 2011 Wilfrid Laurier University Staff Count Town of Waterloo Ontario The Hartford of Canada vitacollections ca Archived from the original on January 10 2015 Retrieved January 10 2015 Waterloo Locations IMDB IMDB 2017 Archived from the original on March 13 2017 Retrieved March 12 2017 a b Butler Colin October 11 2013 26 facts about Kitchener Waterloo Oktoberfest Archived from the original on January 19 2021 Retrieved June 18 2022 What to expect at the 2021 Kitchener Waterloo Oktoberfest CTV Kitchener August 17 2021 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved June 18 2022 PM Justin Trudeau taps the keg at K W Oktoberfest October 7 2016 Archived from the original on October 8 2018 Retrieved June 18 2022 Pride march celebrates LGBT community in Waterloo region June 2 2019 Archived from the original on September 3 2020 Retrieved June 18 2022 Tri Pride Summer Festival returns to Kitchener s Victoria Park CTV Kitchener June 4 2022 Archived from the original on June 12 2022 Retrieved June 18 2022 About the Kitchener Waterloo Symphony About KW Symphony Kitchener Waterloo Symphony Archived from the original on November 20 2021 Retrieved September 26 2021 a b Buskers ready for a party WaterlooChronicle ca Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved June 18 2022 Waterloo Busker Carnival making a comeback in 2022 CityNews Kitchener Archived from the original on March 25 2022 Retrieved June 18 2022 Queer Film Festival coming to Waterloo Rainbow Reels screening 12 films at Princess Twin Waterloo Region Record February 24 2012 17th Rainbow Reels film fest hopes to connect communities October 19 2017 Archived from the original on December 26 2017 Retrieved June 18 2022 Some of filmmaking s true geniuses found in film animation therecord com November 12 2013 Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved June 18 2022 Beck Jerry November 5 2013 Waterloo Festival Announces Its Showcase of Animated Features IndieWire Archived from the original on April 17 2021 Retrieved June 18 2022 Mirror Scarborough Double win for student at international competition Toronto Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved June 18 2022 City of Waterloo Museum August 10 2021 Archived from the original on November 30 2020 Retrieved December 22 2020 Eye catching primate sculpture unveiled outside new condo at former Brick Brewery July 16 2020 Archived from the original on February 6 2021 Retrieved February 3 2021 A new kind of strawberry social at the farmers market THE OBSERVER June 2 2022 Retrieved July 17 2022 McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 214 Waterloo Park waterloo ca 2 5 million trail project in Waterloo Park now complete therecord com July 26 2018 Retrieved July 6 2022 Bechtel Park www waterloo ca Camping at Laurel Creek Conservation Area Explore Waterloo Region Archived from the original on January 21 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 Laurel Creek www grandriver ca May 31 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 a b McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 193 194 a b c McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 195 Versolatto Tegan December 17 2019 Design revealed for Waterloo s 10M east side library branch Kitchener Retrieved June 24 2022 a b c d McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 193 McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 191 Arial Tracey 2005 Hiking in Ontario 2 ed Montreal Editions Ulysse p 113 ISBN 2 89464 683 6 OCLC 57339561 McLaughlin amp Jaeger 2007 pp 194 Get to Know Us During Local Government Week Waterloo Region Waterloo Region October 10 2012 Archived from the original on March 22 2013 Retrieved March 23 2013 Waterloo Award The City of Waterloo Archived from the original on December 1 2017 Retrieved November 18 2017 City council www waterloo ca June 10 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 Official Voting Results Raw Data poll by poll results in Waterloo Elections Canada Retrieved March 10 2023 Official Voting Results by polling station poll by poll results in Waterloo Election Ontario Retrieved March 10 2023 a b Via Rail blames low ridership for cuts to Kitchener service therecord com June 29 2012 Retrieved July 17 2022 Train routes in Ontario and Quebec Quebec Windsor Corridor VIA Rail www viarail ca Retrieved July 17 2022 a b GO Transit Kitchener GO Train and Bus Schedule PDF Train Schedule Toronto London Sarnia VIA Rail www viarail ca Retrieved July 17 2022 Train Schedule Sarnia London Toronto VIA Rail www viarail ca Retrieved July 17 2022 Visitor and Heritage Information Centre www waterloo ca July 16 2021 Archived from the original on September 6 2015 Retrieved June 23 2015 a b c Destinations www waterlooairport ca July 7 2022 Retrieved July 17 2022 Hospitals Region of Waterloo February 15 2011 Archived from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 Waterloo Region hospitals rank well on readmissions but wait times need work Waterloo Region Record November 29 2018 Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved December 30 2018 Area hospitals ranked well in patient readmissions but wait times need improving Long Term Care Homes Kitchener Waterloo Wellesley Wilmot Woolwich Health Line January 3 2018 Archived from the original on December 31 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 About GRH GRH November 15 2017 Archived from the original on December 27 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 Freeport Campus 3570 King Street East Kitchener GRH November 15 2017 Archived from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 Grand River Regional Cancer Centre celebrates 15 years of advanced cancer care this fall GRH August 30 2018 Archived from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 Regional Cardiac Care Centre SMGH September 15 2018 Archived from the original on December 31 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 About Us SMGH September 15 2018 Archived from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 Banks take control of Cambridge hospital project Waterloo Region Record December 29 2018 Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved December 30 2018 BMO as a lender and funder called a performance bond to ensure there is funding to get the work done Zurich Insurance is Bondfield s insurer Doctor recruitment an ongoing issue in Waterloo Region Waterloo Region Record September 18 2018 Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved December 30 2018 Although recruitment efforts over the past 15 years or so have brought many new physicians to the area many residents are without a family doctor Waterloo Regional Campus McMaster March 15 2018 Archived from the original on December 30 2018 Retrieved December 30 2018 Locations and Hours Waterloo Public Library February 25 2021 Retrieved June 20 2022 a b c d History of WPL Waterloo Public Library May 4 2016 Retrieved June 20 2022 a b Waterloo s new Eastside library opens May 7 therecord com April 5 2022 Retrieved June 20 2022 Fire and emergency services City of Waterloo June 24 2019 Archived from the original on March 26 2020 Retrieved March 7 2020 Jackson Adam Jackson Bill March 18 2019 Region of Waterloo Fire Department It s a possibility Waterloo Chronicle Archived from the original on March 21 2019 Retrieved March 7 2020 About Us Waterloo Regional Police Archived from the original on March 14 2020 Retrieved March 7 2020 Bylaws and enforcement www waterloo ca City of Waterloo March 4 2020 Archived from the original on March 26 2020 Retrieved March 7 2020 Special Constable Service Students Wilfrid Laurier University students wlu ca Wilfrid Laurier University Archived from the original on April 1 2020 Retrieved March 7 2020 University of Waterloo Police Service 2019 Annual Report PDF University of Waterloo Archived PDF from the original on January 31 2021 Retrieved March 7 2020 Rushowy Kristin August 2 2019 No cops on campus New law says special constables can t be called police TheRecord com Retrieved March 7 2020 permanent dead link Ontario Provincial Police What we do Ontario Provincial Police Archived from the original on March 25 2020 Retrieved March 7 2020 Rate of homicides in Waterloo Region well below national average therecord com January 18 2022 Archived from the original on February 13 2022 Retrieved February 13 2022 Last year s homicides were reported on Paulander Drive Kitchener and Powell Road in Wellesley Township School List Waterloo Region District School Board Retrieved July 25 2022 Elementary Schools Waterloo Catholic District School Board Retrieved July 25 2022 Secondary Schools Waterloo Catholic District School Board Retrieved July 25 2022 Fraser Institute School Ranking www compareschoolrankings org Retrieved July 25 2022 Waterloo Schools New To Waterloo Retrieved July 25 2022 Student Headcounts Institutional Analysis amp Planning June 2 2015 Retrieved July 25 2022 The world s largest co op program Ontario s Universities Retrieved July 25 2022 ShanghaiRanking s Academic Ranking of World Universities www shanghairanking com Retrieved July 25 2022 About Laurier Wilfrid Laurier University www wlu ca Retrieved July 25 2022 About Us therecord com January 19 2021 Retrieved July 17 2022 Waterloo Chronicle About Us www waterloochronicle ca Retrieved July 17 2022 a b Radio stations in Kitchener ON World Radio Map Bibliography Edit Bloomfield Elizabeth 1995 Waterloo Township Through Two Centuries Kitchener Waterloo Historical Society ISBN 0 9699719 0 7 Kraemer George Leo 2003 Faith and foundations the Germanic pioneers of Waterloo County and Bruce County Ontario 1828 1867 Moncton N B Gogol Press ISBN 0 9733832 0 8 OCLC 60833126 McLaughlin Kenneth Jaeger Sharon 2007 Waterloo An Illustrated History 1857 2007 Waterloo City of Waterloo ISBN 978 0 9691175 1 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Waterloo Ontario Waterloo Ontario travel guide from Wikivoyage Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Waterloo Ontario amp oldid 1148400280, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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