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BlackBerry Limited

February 25, 2024

BlackBerry Limited (formerly Research In Motion) is a Canadian software company specializing in cybersecurity. Founded in 1984, it originally developed the BlackBerry brand of interactive pagers, smartphones and tablets. Initially leading the mobile phone and pager industry in the 1980s and 90s, the company struggled to grow into the new smartphone market dominated by Apple Inc. and Android phones. In 2016, it transitioned to a cybersecurity enterprise software and services company under CEO John S. Chen.[3] Its products are used by various businesses, car manufacturers, and government agencies to prevent hacking and ransomware attacks. They include the BlackBerry Cylance, the QNX real-time operating system; BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager), and a Unified Endpoint Management (UEM) platform.

BlackBerry Limited
BlackBerry headquarters in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
FormerlyResearch in Motion Limited (1984–2013)
Company typePublic
IndustrySoftware
FoundedMarch 7, 1984; 39 years ago (1984-03-07)
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Founders
Headquarters
Waterloo, Ontario
,
Canada
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
John Giamatteo
(CEO)[1]
Products
Revenue US$718 million (2022)[2]
US$−2 million (2022)[2]
US$12 million (2022)[2]
Total assets US$2.57 billion (2022)[2]
Total equity US$1.56 billion (2022)[2]
Number of employees
3,225 (2022)[2]
SubsidiariesCylance
Websitewww.blackberry.com

History edit

1984–2001: early years and growth edit

 
Logo as Research In Motion, used prior to January 30, 2013

Research In Motion Limited was founded in March 1984 by Mike Lazaridis and Douglas Fregin.[4] At the time, Lazaridis was an engineering student at the University of Waterloo while Fregin was an engineering student at the University of Windsor.[5] In 1988, RIM became the first wireless data technology developer in North America and the first company outside Scandinavia to develop connectivity products for Mobitex wireless packet-switched data communications networks. Mobitex's wireless data transport also became RIM's first wireless data service that powered the Blackberry and Palm devices until it was phased out.[6] In 1990, RIM introduced the DigiSync Film KeyKode Reader.[7] In 1991, it introduced the first Mobitex protocol converter. In 1992, it introduced the first Mobitex point-of-sale solution, a protocol converter box that interfaced with existing point-of-sale terminal equipment to enable wireless communication. In 1993, it introduced the RIMGate, the first general-purpose Mobitex X.25 gateway. In the same year, it launched Ericsson Mobidem AT and Intel wireless modems containing RIM modem firmware. In 1994, it introduced the first Mobitex mobile point-of-sale terminal. In the same year, it received the Emmy Award for Technical Innovation and the KPMG High Technology Award. In 1995, it introduced Freedom, the first Type II PCMCIA radio modem for Mobitex.

In 1995, RIM was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors through a private placement in the privately held company. Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc. led the first venture round[8] with a C$5,000,000 investment with the proceeds being used to complete the development of RIM's two-way paging system hardware and software. A total of C$30,000,000 in pre-IPO financing was raised by the company prior to its initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in January 1998 under the symbol RIM.[9]

In 1996, RIM introduced the Interactive Pager, the first two-way messaging pager, and the RIM 900 OEM radio modem. The company developed the pager prototype with the support of Intel Corporation.[10] The company worked with RAM Mobile Data and Ericsson to turn the Ericsson-developed Mobitex wireless data network into a two-way paging and wireless e-mail network. Pivotal in this development was the release of the Inter@ctive Pager 950. In August 1997, a prototype was presented to BellSouth executives, who were impressed with the device and agreed to a $70-million deal that involved the supply of 100,000 devices.[11] The pager started shipping in August 1998. About the size of a bar of soap, this device competed against the Skytel two-way paging network developed by Motorola.

In 1999, RIM introduced the BlackBerry 850 pager. This was also the first device to use the Blackberry OS.[12] Named after its keyboard's similarity to the druplets of the blackberry fruit,[13] the device could receive push email from a Microsoft Exchange Server using its complementary server software, BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). Its introduction set the stage for the company's future enterprise-oriented products, such as the BlackBerry 957 in April 2000, the first BlackBerry smartphone. The BlackBerry OS platform and BES continued to increase in functionality, while the incorporation of encryption and S/MIME support helped BlackBerry devices gain increased usage by governments and businesses.[14][15] During fiscal 1999-2001, RIM's assets grew eight-fold due to massive capacity expansion.

2001–2011: global expansion and competition edit

RIM soon began to introduce BlackBerry devices for the consumer market as well, beginning with the BlackBerry Pearl 8100—the first BlackBerry phone to include multimedia features such as a camera. The Pearl series was highly successful, as was the subsequent Curve 8300 and Bold 9000 series. Extensive carrier partnerships fueled the rapid expansion of BlackBerry users globally in both enterprise and consumer markets.

Despite the arrival of the first Apple iPhone in 2007, BlackBerry sustained unprecedented market share growth well into 2011. The introduction of Apple's iPhone on the AT&T network in the fall of 2007 in the United States prompted RIM to produce its first touchscreen smartphone for the competing network in 2008—the BlackBerry Storm. It sold well but suffered from mixed to poor reviews and poor customer satisfaction.[15][16] The iPhone initially lagged behind BlackBerry in both shipments and active users, due to RIM's head start and larger carrier distribution network. In the United States, the BlackBerry user base peaked at approximately 21 million users in the fall of 2010.[17][18][19] That quarter, the company's global subscriber base stood at 36 million users.[20] As the iPhone and Google Android accelerated growth in the United States, the BlackBerry began to turn to other smartphone platforms. Nonetheless, the BlackBerry line as a whole continued to enjoy success, spurred on by strong international growth. As of December 1, 2012, the company had 79 million BlackBerry users globally[21] with only 9 million remaining in the United States.[22]

Even as the company continued to grow worldwide, investors and media became increasingly alarmed about the company's ability to compete with devices from rival mobile operating systems iOS and Android. CNN cited BlackBerry as one of six endangered US-Canadian brands. Analysts were also worried about the company's management structure.[23][24]

Following numerous attempts to upgrade its existing Java platform, the company made numerous acquisitions to help it create a new, more powerful BlackBerry platform, centred around its recently acquired real-time operating system QNX.[25] In March 2011, Research In Motion Ltd.'s then-co-CEO Jim Balsillie suggested during a conference call that the "launch of some powerful new BlackBerrys" (eventually released as BlackBerry 10) would be in early 2012. However, analysts were "worried that promoting the mysterious, supposedly game-changing devices too early might hurt sales of existing BlackBerrys" (similar to the Osborne effect). The initial launch date was seen in retrospect as too ambitious and hurt the company's credibility at a time when its existing aging products steadily lost market share.[26]

On September 27, 2010, RIM announced the long-rumoured BlackBerry PlayBook tablet, the first product running on the new QNX platform known as BlackBerry Tablet OS. The BlackBerry PlayBook was officially released to U.S. and Canadian consumers on April 19, 2011. It was criticized for being rushed to market in an incomplete state, and sold poorly. Following the shipments of 900,000 tablets during its first three quarters on market, slow sales and inventory pileups prompted the company to reduce prices and write down the inventory value by $485 million.[27]

Primary competition edit

BlackBerry's primary competitors were smartphones running Android OS, and the Apple iPhone. For a number of years, the BlackBerry was the leading smartphone in many markets, particularly the United States. The arrival of the iPhone and later Google's Android platform caused a slowdown in BlackBerry growth and a decline in sales in some markets, most notably the United States, leading to negative media and analyst sentiment over the company's ability to continue independently.[28]

When Apple's iPhone was introduced in 2007, it generated substantial media attention, with numerous media outlets calling it a "BlackBerry killer".[29][30] While BlackBerry sales continued to grow, the newer iPhone grew at a faster rate. The 87% drop in BlackBerry's stock price between 2010 and 2013 was primarily attributed to the performance of the iPhone handset.[31]

The first three iPhone models generally lagged behind the BlackBerry in sales, as RIM had major advantages in carrier and enterprise support; however, Apple continued gaining market share. In October 2008, Apple briefly passed RIM in quarterly sales when they announced they had sold 6.9 million iPhones to the 6.1 million sold by RIM, comparing partially overlapping quarters between the companies.[32] Though Apple's iPhone sales declined to 4.3 million in the subsequent quarter[33] and RIM's increased to 7.8 million, for some investors this was a sign of weakness.[34] The iPhone began to sell more phones quarterly than the BlackBerry in 2010, brought on by the release of the iPhone 4.[35][36]

In the United States, the BlackBerry hit its peak in September 2010, with almost 22 million users, or 37% of the 58.7 million American smartphones.[37] BlackBerry then began to decline in use in the United States, with Apple's installed base in the United States finally passing it in April 2011.[38] Sales of the iPhone continued to accelerate, as did the smartphone market, while the BlackBerry began to lose users continuously in the United States. By February 2016, only 1.59 million (0.8%) of the 198.9 million smartphone users in the United States were running BlackBerry compared to 87.32 million (43.9%) on an iPhone.[39]

Google's Android mobile operating system, running on hardware by a range of manufacturers including Sony, Motorola, HTC, Samsung, LG and many others ramped up the competition for BlackBerry. In January 2010, barely 3 million (7.1%) of the 42.7 million Smartphones in use at the time in the United States were running Android, compared to 18 million BlackBerry devices (43%).[40] Within a single year Android had passed the installed base of the BlackBerry in the United States.[41] By February 2016, only 1.59 million (0.8%) of the 198.9 million smartphone users in the United States were running BlackBerry compared to 104.82 million (52.7%) running Android.[39]

While RIM's secure encrypted network was attractive to corporate customers, their handsets were sometimes considered less attractive to consumers than iPhone and Android smartphones. Developers often developed consumer applications for those platforms and not the BlackBerry.[42][43] During 2010s, even enterprise customers had begun to adopt BYOD policies due to employee feedback. The company also faced criticism that its hardware and operating system were outdated and unappealing compared to the competition, as well as that the browsing capabilities were poorer.[44]

2011–2015: strategic changes and restructuring edit

Slowing growth prompted the company to undertake a lay-off of 2,000 employees in the summer of 2011.[45] In September 2011, the company's BlackBerry Internet Service suffered a massive outage, impacting millions of customers for several days. The outage embarrassingly occurred as Apple prepared to launch the iPhone 4S, causing fears of mass defections from the platform.[46]

Shortly afterwards, in October 2011, RIM unveiled BBX, a new platform for future BlackBerry smartphones that would be based on the same QNX-based platform as the PlayBook. However, due to an accusation of trademark infringement regarding the name BBX, the platform was renamed BlackBerry 10.[47][48] The task proved to be daunting, with the company delaying the launch in December 2011 to some time in 2012.[49] On January 22, 2012, Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie resigned as the CEOs of the company, handing the reins over to executive Thorsten Heins.[50] On March 29, 2012, the company reported its first net loss in years.[51] Heins set about the task of restructuring the company, including announcing plans to lay off 5,000 employees, replacing numerous executives, and delaying BlackBerry 10 a second time into January 2013.[52]

On January 4, 2022, BlackBerry decommissioned the infrastructure and operating system used by their non-Android phones.[53]

BlackBerry 10 edit

Main article: BlackBerry 10

After much criticism and numerous delays, RIM officially launched BlackBerry 10 and two new smartphones based on the platform, the BlackBerry Z10 and Q10, on January 30, 2013.[15][54][55] The BlackBerry Z10, the first BlackBerry smartphone running BlackBerry 10, debuted worldwide in January 2013, going on sale immediately in the U.K. with other countries following. A marked departure from previous BlackBerry phones, the Z10 featured a fully touch-based design, a dual-core processor, and a high-definition display. BlackBerry 10 had 70,000 applications available at launch, which the company expected would rise to 100,000 by the time the device made its debut in the United States. In support of the launch, the company aired its first Super Bowl television advertisement in the U.S. and Canada during Super Bowl XLVII.[56] In discussing the decision to create a proprietary operating system instead of adopting an off-the-shelf platform such as Android, Heins noted, "If you look at other suppliers' ability to differentiate, there's very little wiggle room. We looked at it seriously—but if you understand what the promise of BlackBerry is to its user base it's all about getting stuff done. Games, media, we have to be good at it but we have to support those guys who are ahead of the game. Very little time to consume and enjoy content—if you stay true to that purpose you have to build on that basis. And if we want to serve that segment we can't do it on a me-too approach."[57] Chief Operating Officer Kristian Tear remarked "We want to regain our position as the number one in the world", while Chief Marketing Officer Frank Boulben proclaimed "It could be the greatest comeback in tech history. The carriers are behind us. They don't want a duopoly" (referring to Apple and Samsung).[44]

During the BlackBerry 10 launch event, the company also announced that it would change its public brand from Research In Motion to BlackBerry.[58][54] The name change was made to "put the BlackBerry brand at the centre" of the company's diverse brands, and because customers in some markets "already know the company as BlackBerry".[15] A shareholder vote on an official name change to BlackBerry Limited was held at its next annual general meeting, after its ticker symbols on the TSX and NASDAQ already were changed to BB and BBRY respectively on February 4, 2013.[59][60]

On August 12, 2013, the company announced that it was open to being purchased.[61]

Prem-Watsa/Fairfax Deal edit

Canada Pension Plan Investment Board's CEO Mark Wiseman stated that he would consider investing in BlackBerry if the company became private.[62] Also on August 12, 2013, foremost shareholder Prem Watsa resigned from BlackBerry's board.[63]

On September 20, 2013, the company announced it would lay off 4,500 staff and take a CAD$1 billion operating loss.[64] Three days later, the company announced that it had signed a letter of intent to be acquired by a consortium led by Prem Watsa-owned Fairfax Financial Holdings for a $9 per share deal. This deal was also confirmed by Watsa.[65]

On September 29, 2013, the company began operating a direct sales model for customers in the United States, where unlocked Q10 and Z10 smartphones were sold directly from the BlackBerry website.[66] On October 15, 2013, the company published an open letter in 30 publications in nine countries to reassure customers that BlackBerry would continue to operate.[67] Anthony Michael Sabino, St. John's University business professor, stated in the Washington Post: "This is BlackBerry's last-ditch attempt to simply survive in the face of crushing competition in a market it essentially invented."[68]

John Chen joins BlackBerry edit

See also: John S. Chen

On November 4, 2013, the Fairfax Prem Watsa deal was scrapped in favor of a US$1 billion cash injection which, according to one analyst, represented the level of confidence BlackBerry's largest shareholder had in the company.[69] At the same time, BlackBerry installed John Chen as CEO to replace the laid-off Heins.[70] According to the Globe and Mail, BlackBerry's hope was that Chen, with his reputation as a turnaround artist, could save the company.[71]

"We have begun moving the company to embrace a multi-platform, BYOD world by adopting a new mobility management platform and a new device strategy," Chen explained in an open letter published shortly after his appointment. "I believe in the value of this brand. With the right team and the right strategy in place, I am confident that we will rebuild BlackBerry for the benefit of all our constituencies."[72]

In April 2014, Chen spoke of his turnaround strategy in an interview with Reuters,[73] explaining that he intended to invest in or partner with other companies in regulated industries such as healthcare, financial, and legal services. He later clarified that BlackBerry's device division remained part of his strategy and that his company was also looking to invest in "emerging solutions such as machine to machine technologies that will help power the backbone of the Internet of Things."[74] He would later expand on this idea at a BlackBerry Security Summit in July 2014.[75]

In May 2014, the low-cost BlackBerry Z3 was introduced in the Indonesian market, where the brand had been particularly popular. The budget handset was produced in partnership with Taiwanese manufacturer Foxconn Technology Group, which handled the design and distribution of the product. A New York Times analysis stated that the model was an attempt by Chen to generate revenue while he tried "to shift the organization's focus to services and software." As part of the localization effort for the promotion of the Z3, the handset's back panel was engraved with the word "Jakarta", but skepticism still emerged, as the handset was still more than twice as expensive as Android models in Indonesia at the time of release.[76]

2015–present: software transition edit

In the first quarter of the 2015 fiscal year, Chen stated: "This is, of course, the very beginning of our task and we hope that we will be able to report better results going forward… We feel pretty good about where we are." Quartz reported that stock was up by 30 percent, compared to the same period in the previous year,[31] while Chen expressed enthusiasm for the release of two new handsets, both with keyboards and touch screens, in the second half of 2014. Chen did not provide sales figures for the Z3 phone in Indonesia.[77]

In September 2015, Chen unveiled the BlackBerry Priv, a keyboard-slider smartphone utilizing the Android operating system with BlackBerry-developed software enhancements, including a secure bootloader, full-disk encryption, integrity protection, and the BlackBerry HUB.[78]

In 2020, BlackBerry signed a new licensing agreement for smartphones with the US-based startup company, OnwardMobility.[79] The company never released a device before shutting down in 2022.[80]

As of June 2021, Cybersecurity ($107 million) and IoT ($43 million) revenue accounted for a combined 86% of Q1 2022 earnings ($174 million). Chen reiterated: "Now, we are pivoting the organization more heavily toward the market by creating two business units, Cybersecurity and IoT… we will provide revenue and gross margin by business unit as well as other selected metrics."[81]

In October 2023, the company announced that it would spin off its IoT business unit and hold an initial public offering for it in the next year.[82][83]

Acquisitions edit

During this time, BlackBerry also expanded its software and services offerings with several acquisitions. These included file security firm WatchDox,[84] crisis communications leader AtHoc,[85] and rival EMM vendor Good Technology.[86] The products offered by these firms were gradually re-branded and integrated into BlackBerry's own portfolio.

Trefis, an analyst team and Forbes contributor, called Good "a nice strategic fit for BlackBerry's software business", noting that the expensive acquisition indicated the company's commitment to a software-focused turnaround. It remained ambivalent about the company's outlook overall.[87]

In January 2016, Chen stated that BlackBerry did not plan on developing any new devices running BlackBerry 10 and that the company would release two new Android devices at most during 2016.[88] BlackBerry also announced the release of the Good Secure EMM Suites, consolidating WatchDox and Good Technology's products into several tiered offerings alongside its existing software.[89]

Hardware licensing partnerships edit

BlackBerry announced the DTeK50, a mid-range Android smartphone, on July 26, 2016.[90] Unlike the Priv, the DTek50 was a re-branded version of an existing smartphone, the Alcatel Idol 4 as manufactured by TCL Corporation, one of the company's hardware partners.[91] It was to be the second-last phone ever developed in-house at BlackBerry, followed by the DTek60 in October 2016 – on September 28, 2016, BlackBerry announced that it would cease in-house hardware development to focus on software, delegating development, design, and manufacturing of its devices to third-party partners.[92]

The first of these partners was BB Merah Putih, a joint venture in Indonesia. Chen stated that the company was "no longer just about the smartphone, but the smart in the phone".[93][94] On December 15, 2016, BlackBerry announced that it had reached a long-term deal with TCL to continue producing BlackBerry-branded smartphones for sale outside of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.[95] This partnership was followed by an agreement with Optiemus Infracom on February 6, 2017, to produce devices throughout India and neighbouring markets including Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bangladesh.[96]

Since the partnerships were announced, TCL has released the BlackBerry KeyOne[97] and BB Merah Putih has released the BlackBerry Aurora.[98]

Cybersecurity consulting edit

In February 2016, BlackBerry acquired UK-based cybersecurity firm Encription,[99] with the intention of branching out into the security consulting business. It later released BlackBerry Shield, an IT risk assessment program for its corporate clients.[100] In April 2017, BlackBerry's cybersecurity division partnered with Allied World Assurance Company Holdings, a global insurance and reinsurance provider.[101]

BlackBerry Secure edit

On December 8, 2016, BlackBerry announced the release of BlackBerry Secure. Billed as a "comprehensive mobile security platform for the Enterprise of Things",[102] BlackBerry Secure deepened the integration between BlackBerry's acquisitions and its core portfolio. According to Forbes, it brings all of BlackBerry's products "under a single umbrella".[102]

On February 7, 2017, BlackBerry announced the creation of the BBM Enterprise SDK, a Communication-Platform-as-a-Service development tool.[103] The Enterprise SDK allows developers to incorporate BBM Enterprise's messaging functionality into their applications. It was released to BlackBerry's partners on February 21, 2017, and officially launched on June 12, 2017.[104]

Also in February 2017, analyst firm 451 Research released a report on BlackBerry's improved financial position and product focus.[105] The report identified BlackBerry's position in the Internet of Things and its device licensing strategy as strengths. The BBM Enterprise SDK was also highlighted, alongside several challenges still facing the company.

2023 edit

On October 30, 2023 John S. Chen announced his resignation as CEO through an employee letter posted to the Blackberry Limited blog page stating he will cease his role on November 4, 2023.[106][1]

2024 edit

On Feburary 8, 2024 Blackberry Limited appoints Philip Brace to the Board of Directors with a Headline that states "Director Prem Watsa to resign from Board". [1]

Financials edit

Until 2013, the number of active BlackBerry users increased over time. For the fiscal period in which the Apple iPhone was first released (in 2007), RIM reported a user base of 10.5 million BlackBerry subscribers.[107] At the end of 2008, when Google Android first hit the market, RIM reported that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had increased to 21 million.[108][109]

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended March 3, 2012, RIM shipped 11.1 million BlackBerry smartphones, down 21 percent from the previous quarter and it was the first decline in the quarter covering Christmas since 2006. For its fourth quarter, RIM announced a net loss of US$125 million (the last loss before this occurred in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2005).[110] RIM's loss of market share accelerated in 2011, due to the rapidly growing sales of Samsung and HTC Android handsets; RIM's annual market share in the U.S. dropped to just 3 percent, from 9 percent.[111]

In the quarter ended June 28, 2012, RIM announced that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had reached 78 million globally.[112] Furthermore, RIM reported its first quarter revenue for the 2013 fiscal year, showing that the company incurred a GAAP net loss of US$518 million for the quarter, and announced a plan to implement a US$1 billion cost-saving initiative. The company also announced the delay of the new BlackBerry 10 OS until the first quarter of 2013.[113]

After the release of the Apple iPhone 5 in September 2012, RIM CEO Thorsten Heins announced that the number of global users was up to 80 million, which sparked a 7% jump in shares.[114] On December 2, 2012, the company reported a decline in the global subscriber base of BlackBerry to 79 million, after peaking at an all-time high of 80 million the previous quarter.[34] Later that same month, media reports confirmed that BlackBerry lost US$1.049 billion during the second fiscal quarter of 2013. In the wake of the loss, Heins stated: "We are very disappointed with our operational and financial results this quarter and have announced a series of major changes to address the competitive hardware environment and our cost structure."[115]

Between 2010 and 2013, the stock price of the company dropped by 87 percent due to the widespread popularity of the iPhone. Goldman Sachs estimated that, in June 2014, BlackBerry accounted for 1 percent share of smartphone sales, compared to a peak of around 20 percent in 2009.[31]

With the release of its financial results for the first fiscal quarter of 2015 in June 2014, Chen presented a more stable company that had incurred a lower amount of loss than previous quarters. The New York Times described "a smaller-than-expected quarterly loss." Following the news release, Chen stated that BlackBerry was comfortable with its position, and it is understood that his plan for the company mainly involves businesses and governments, rather than consumers.[77][116]

Fiscal Year Sales ($ millions) Operating Income ($ millions) Net Income ($ millions) Active BlackBerry Subscribers
1999 47 4.8 6.4
2000 84 10 10
2001 221 (4.6) (6.2)
2002[117]  294   (58)   (28)
2003[117] 307 (64) (149) 534,000
2004[117] 595 78 52 1,069,000
2005[117] 1,350 386 206 2,510,000
2006[117] 2,066 617 375 4,900,000
2007[117] 3,037 807 632 8,000,000
2008[117] 6,009 1,731 1,294 14,000,000
2009[117] 11,065 2,722 1,893 25,000,000
2010[117] 14,953 3,507 2,457 41,000,000
2011[117] 19,907 4,739 3,444 70,000,000
2012[118] 18,423 1,497 1,164 77,000,000
2013[118][119] 11,073 (1,235) (646) 79,000,000
2014[118][119] 6,813 (7,163) (5,873) 69,000,000
2015[118][119] 3,335 (423) (304) 46,000,000
2016 2,160 (223) (208)
2017[120] 1,309 (1,181) (1,206)
2018[121] 932 283 405
2019 904 60 93
2020 1,040 (149) (152)
2021[2] 718 (2) 12

Organizational changes edit

Leadership changes edit

The company was often criticized for its dual CEO structure. Some saw this arrangement as a dysfunctional management structure and believed RIM acted as two companies, slowing the effort to release the new BlackBerry 10 operating system.[122][123] On June 30, 2011, an investor push for the company to split its dual-CEO structure was unexpectedly withdrawn after an agreement was made with RIM. [124] On January 22, 2012, RIM announced that its CEOs Balsillie and Lazaridis had stepped down from their positions. They were replaced by Thorsten Heins.[125] Heins hired investment banks RBC Capital Markets and JP Morgan to seek out potential buyers interested in RIM, while also redoubling efforts on releasing BlackBerry 10.[44]

Following the assumption of role as CEO, Heins made substantial changes to the company's leadership team. Changes included the departures of Chief Technology Officer David Yach; Chief Operating Officer Jim Rowan;[126] Senior Vice President of Software Alan Brenner;[127] Chief Legal Officer, Karima Bawa;[128] and Chief Information Officer Robin Bienfait.[129]

Following the leadership changes, Heins hired Kristian Tear to assume the role of Chief Operating Officer, Frank Boulben to fill the Chief Marketing Officer role[128] and appointed Dan Dodge, the CEO of QNX, to take over as Chief Technology Officer.[130] On July 28, 2012, Steven E. Zipperstein was appointed as the new Vice President and Chief Legal Officer.[131]

On March 28, 2013, Lazaridis relinquished his position as vice chairman and announced his resignation from the board of directors.[132] Later in the year, Heins was replaced by John S. Chen, who assumed the CEO role in the first week of November. Chen's compensation package mainly consists of BlackBerry shares—a total of 13 million—and he will be entitled to the entire number of shares after he has served the company for five years. Heins received an exit package of $22 million.[133]

Chen has a reputation as a "turnaround" CEO,[134] turning the struggling enterprise software and services organization Sybase into enough of a success to sign a merger with SAP in 2010.[135] Chen was open about his plans for BlackBerry upon joining the company, announcing his intent to move away from hardware manufacturing to focus on enterprise software such as QNX, BlackBerry UEM, and AtHoc.[136][137][138]

Workforce reductions edit

In June 2011, RIM announced its prediction that Q1 2011 revenue would drop for the first time in nine years, and also unveiled plans to reduce its workforce.

In July 2011, the company cut 2,000 jobs, the biggest lay-off in its history and the first major layoff since November 12, 2002, when the company laid off 10% of its workforce (200 employees).[139] The lay-off reduced the workforce by around 11%, from 19,000 employees to 17,000.[140]

On June 28, 2012, the company announced a planned workforce reduction of 5,000 by the end of its fiscal 2013, as part of a $1 billion cost savings initiative.[113]

On July 25, 2013, 250 employees from BlackBerry's research and development department and new product testing were laid off. The layoffs were part of the turnaround efforts.[141]

On September 20, 2013, BlackBerry confirmed that the company will have a massive layoff of 4,500 employees by the end of 2013. This would be approximately 40 percent of the company's workforce.[142]

BlackBerry had at its peak about 20,000 employees. After CEO John Chen joined BlackBerry in 2013 there were additional layoffs in February 2015 to compete with smartphones, at which point the total employees numbered 6,225. On July 21, 2015, BlackBerry announced an additional layoff of an unspecified number of employees,[143] with another 200 laid off in February 2016.[144]

As of February 2022, the company had 3,225 employees.[2]

Stock fluctuations edit

In June 2011, RIM stock fell to its lowest point since 2006.[145] On December 16, 2011, RIM shares fell to their lowest price since January 2004.[146] Overall in 2011, the share price tumbled 80 percent from January to December, causing its market capitalization to fall below book value. By March 2012, shares were worth less than $14, from a high of over $140 in 2008.[147][148] From June 2008 to June 2011, RIM's shareholders lost almost $70 billion, or 82 percent, as the company's market capitalization dropped from $83 billion to $13.6 billion, the biggest decline among communications-equipment providers.

Shares price fell further on July 16, closing at $7.09 on the Toronto Stock Exchange, the lowest level since September 8, 2003, after a jury in California said RIM must pay $147.2 million as a result of a patent infringement judgment that was subsequently overturned.[149]

On November 22, 2012, shares of RIM/BlackBerry surged 18%, the largest gain of the stock in over three years. This was due to National Bank of Canada analyst Kris Thompson's announcement that the new BB10 devices were expected to sell better than anticipated; along with raising the target stock price.

On June 28, 2013, after BlackBerry announced net losses of approximately $84 million,[150] its shares plunged 28%.[151]

On April 12, 2017, shares surged more than 19% as BlackBerry won an arbitration case against Qualcomm. It was decided that BlackBerry had been overpaying the company in royalty payments, and BlackBerry was awarded $814.9 million.[152]

Rumoured Samsung buyout edit

On January 14, 2015, in the final hour of trading in U.S. markets, Reuters published that Samsung was in talks with BlackBerry to buy the latter for between $13.35 and $15.49 per share.[153] The article caused shares of BlackBerry to rally 30%.[154] Later that evening, BlackBerry issued a press release denying the media reports.[155] Samsung responded, saying that the report is "groundless".[156]

Mobile OS transition edit

BlackBerry OS (Java) edit

Main article: BlackBerry OS

The existing[when?] Java-based BlackBerry OS was intended to operate under much different, simpler conditions such as low powered devices, narrow network bandwidth, and high-security enterprises. However, as the needs of the mobile user evolved, the aging platform struggled with emerging trends like mobile web browsing, consumer applications, multimedia and touch screen interfaces. Users could experience performance issues, usability problems and instability.[26]

The company tried to enhance the aging platform with a better web browser, faster performance, a bundled application store and various touch screen enhancements, but ultimately decided to build a new platform with QNX at its core.[122][7] While most other operating systems are monolithic—the malfunction of one area would cause the whole system to crash – QNX[157] is more stable because it uses independent building blocks or "kernels", preventing a domino effect if one kernel breaks.[44] RIM's final major OS release before the release of BlackBerry 10, was BlackBerry 7, which was often criticized as dated and referred to as a temporary stopgap.

BlackBerry Tablet OS (QNX) edit

Main article: BlackBerry Tablet OS

The BlackBerry PlayBook was the first RIM product whose BlackBerry Tablet OS was built on QNX, launched in April 2011 as an alternative to the Apple iPad. However, it was criticized for having incomplete software (it initially lacked native email, calendaring and contacts) and a poor app selection. It fared poorly until prices were substantially reduced, like most other tablet computers released that year (Android tablets such as the Motorola Xoom and Samsung Galaxy Tab, and the HP TouchPad). The BlackBerry Tablet OS received a major update in February 2012, as well as numerous minor updates.

BlackBerry 10 (QNX) edit

Main article: BlackBerry 10

BlackBerry 10, a substantially updated version of BlackBerry Tablet OS intended for the next generation BlackBerry smartphones, was originally planned for release in early 2012. The company delayed the product several times, remembering the criticism faced by the BlackBerry Playbook launch and citing the need for it to be perfect in order to stand a chance in the market. The most recent model with this OS was the BlackBerry Leap.

Android edit

Main articles: BlackBerry Priv, BlackBerry DTEK50, BlackBerry DTEK60, and BlackBerry Mobile

In September 2015, BlackBerry announced the Priv, a handset running Android 5.1.1 "Lollipop". It is the first phone by the company not to run an in-house built operating system. The version of Android running on the Priv is very similar to the standard version developed by Google, with some changes to improve productivity and security. BlackBerry has implemented some of the features of BlackBerry 10 within Android, such as BlackBerry Hub, BlackBerry Virtual Keyboard, BlackBerry Calendar, and BlackBerry Contacts.[158]

On April 1, 2016, BlackBerry reported that it sold 600,000 phones in its fiscal fourth quarter, amid expectations of 750,000–800,000 handset sales for the first full quarter of reporting since the Priv's release.[159]

On July 26, 2016, a new, mid-range model with only an on-screen keyboard was introduced, the unusually slim BlackBerry DTEK50, powered by the then-latest version of Android (6.0, Marshmallow) and featuring a 5.2-inch full high-definition display. BlackBerry chief security officer David Kleidermacher stressed data security during the launch, indicating that this model included built-in malware protection and encryption of all user information. By then, the BlackBerry Classic, which used the BlackBerry 10 OS, had been discontinued.[160][161]

In July 2016, industry observers expected the company to announce two additional smartphones over the subsequent 12 months, presumably also with the Android OS.[162] However, BlackBerry COO Marty Beard told Bloomberg that "The company's never said that we would not build another BB10 device."[163]

At MWC Barcelona 2017, TCL announced the BlackBerry KeyOne. The KeyOne is the last phone designed in-house by BlackBerry.

Acquisitions edit

Through the years, particularly as the company evolved towards its new platform, BlackBerry has made numerous acquisitions of third-party companies and technology.

Slipstream Data Inc. edit

Slipstream Data Inc was a network optimization/data compression/network acceleration software company. BlackBerry acquired the company as a wholly owned subsidiary on July 11, 2006. The company continues to operate out of Waterloo.

Certicom edit

Certicom Corp. is a cryptography company founded in 1985 by Gordon Agnew,[164] Ron Mullin and Scott Vanstone.

The Certicom intellectual property portfolio includes over 350 patents and patents pending worldwide that cover key aspects of elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC).[165]

The National Security Agency (NSA) has licensed 26 of Certicom's ECC patents as a way of clearing the way for the implementation of elliptic curves to protect U.S. and allied government information.[166]

Certicom's current customers include General Dynamics, Motorola, Oracle, Research In Motion and Unisys.[167]

On January 23, 2009, VeriSign entered into an agreement to acquire Certicom.[168] Research In Motion put in a counter-offer, which was deemed superior.[169] VeriSign did not match this offer,[170] and so Certicom announced an agreement to be acquired by RIM.[171] Upon the completion of this transaction, Certicom became a wholly owned subsidiary of RIM, and was de-listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange on March 25, 2009.

Dash Navigation edit

In June 2009, RIM announced they would acquire Dash Navigation, makers of the Dash Express.[172]

Torch Mobile edit

In August 2009, RIM acquired Torch Mobile, developer of Iris Browser, enabling the inclusion of a WebKit-based browser on their BlackBerry devices, which became the web browser in subsequent Java-based operating systems (BlackBerry 6, BlackBerry 7) and operating systems (QNX based BlackBerry Tablet OS and BlackBerry 10). The first product to contain this browser, the BlackBerry Torch 9800, was named after the company.

DataViz edit

On September 8, 2010, DataViz, Inc. sold their office suite Documents To Go and other assets to Research In Motion for $50 million.[173] Subsequently, the application which allows users to view and edit Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint was bundled on BlackBerry Smartphones and tablets.

Viigo edit

On March 26, 2010, the company announced its acquisition of Viigo, a Toronto-based company that developed the popular Viigo for BlackBerry applications, which aggregated news content from around the web. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.[174]

QNX edit

RIM reached an agreement with Harman International on April 12, 2010, for RIM to acquire QNX Software Systems. The acquired company was to serve as the foundation for the next generation BlackBerry platform that crossed devices.[175][176][177] QNX became the platform for the BlackBerry PlayBook and BlackBerry 10 Smartphones.

The Astonishing Tribe edit

The Astonishing Tribe (TAT), a user interface design company based in Malmö, Sweden, was acquired by the company on December 2, 2010.[178][179] With a history of creating user interfaces and applications for mobile, TAT contributed heavily to the user experience of BlackBerry 10 as well as the development of its GUI framework, Cascades.

JayCut edit

In July 2011, RIM brought on JayCut, a Sweden-based company that is an online video editor.[180] JayCut technology was incorporated into the media software of BlackBerry 10.[180]

Paratek Microwave edit

In March 2012, RIM acquired Paratek Microwave,[181] bringing their adaptive RF Tuning technology into BlackBerry handsets.

Tungle.me edit

On September 18, 2012, it was announced that the RIM social calendaring service,[182] Tungle.me would be shut down on December 3, 2012. RIM acquired Tungle.me in April 2011.[183]

Newbay edit

In July 2011, RIM acquired NewBay, an Irish-based company that is an online video, pics and tool for media networks editor.[184] RIM subsequently sold NewBay to Synchronoss in December 2012 for $55.5 million.[185]

Scoreloop edit

Main article: Scoreloop

On June 7, 2011, Scoreloop was acquired by BlackBerry for US$71 million.[186][187] It provided tools for adding social elements to any game (achievements/rewards etc.) and was central to the BlackBerry 10's Games app. On December 1, 2014, all Scoreloop services were shut down.[188]

Gist edit

Gist was acquired in February 2011, by BlackBerry. Gist is a tool that helps users to organise and view all their contacts in one place. Gist's services closed down on September 15, 2012, in order for the company to focus on BlackBerry 10.[189]

Scroon edit

BlackBerry Ltd. acquired Scroon in May 2013. The French startup manages Facebook, Twitter and other social-media accounts for large clients like luxury-good maker LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA, wireless operator Orange SA (ORA) and Warner Bros. Entertainment. The deal was publicly announced in November 2013. According to Scroon founder, Alexandre Mars, he had not disclosed the purchase by BlackBerry before because of the "delicate media buzz" around the company. Scroon is part of BlackBerry's strategy to profit from the BlackBerry Messenger instant-messaging service by utilizing the newly unveiled BBM Channels. Financial terms were not disclosed.[190]

Movirtu edit

Movirtu was acquired in September 2014, by BlackBerry. Movirtu is a U.K. startup that allows multiple phone numbers to be active on a single mobile device. At the time of the acquisition BlackBerry announced they would expand this functionality beyond BlackBerry 10 to other mobile platforms such as Android and iOS.[191]

Secusmart edit

Secusmart was acquired in September 2014. The German-based company was one of the steps to position BlackBerry as the most secure provider in the mobile market. Secusmart had the agreement to equip the German Government with high secure mobile devices that encrypt voice as well as data on BlackBerry 10 devices. Those phones are currently in use by Angela Merkel and most of the ministers as well as several Departments and the Parliament.[192]

WatchDox edit

Main article: WatchDox

WatchDox was an Israel-based Enterprise File Synchronization and Sharing company which specialized in securing access to documents on a cloud basis. BlackBerry acquired the company in April 2015.[193] On December 8, 2016, BlackBerry renamed WatchDox to BlackBerry Workspaces.[194]

In August 2019, BlackBerry closed down its Israel development center.[195]

AtHoc edit

On July 22, 2015, BlackBerry announced that it had acquired AtHoc, a provider of secure, networked emergency communications.[196]

Good Technology edit

Main article: Good Technology

On September 4, 2015, BlackBerry announced the acquisition of mobile security provider Good Technology for $425 million.[197] On December 8, 2016, it rebranded Good's products and integrated them into the BlackBerry Enterprise Mobility Suite, a set of tiered software offerings for its enterprise customers.[198]

Encription edit

On February 24, 2016, BlackBerry acquired UK-based cyber security consultancy Encription.[199]

Cylance edit

On November 16, 2018, Cylance was purchased for US$1.4 billion by BlackBerry Limited in an all cash deal.[200] The technology behind Cylance would enable BlackBerry to add artificial intelligence capabilities to its existing software products for IoT applications and other services. Cylance will run as a separate division within BlackBerry Limited's current operations.[201]

Software edit

BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager (UEM) edit

See also: BlackBerry Enterprise Server

An Enterprise Mobility Management platform that provides provisional and access control over smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktops with support for all major platforms including iOS, Android (including Android for Work and Samsung KNOX), BlackBerry 10, Windows 10, and Mac OS. UEM (formerly known as BES) also acts as a unified management console and server for BlackBerry Dynamics, BlackBerry Workspaces, and BlackBerry 2FA.[202]

BlackBerry Dynamics (Formerly Good Dynamics) edit

A Mobile Application Management platform that manages and secures app data through application virtualization. The BlackBerry Dynamics suite of apps includes email, calendar, contacts, tasks, instant messaging, browsing, and document sharing. The BlackBerry Dynamics SDK allows developers to utilize the platform's security, and add functionality from BlackBerry's other solutions into their applications.[203]

BlackBerry Workspaces (Formerly WatchDox) edit

An Enterprise File Synchronization and Sharing (EFSS) platform, Workspaces provides file-level digital rights management controls alongside file synchronization and sharing functionality.

BlackBerry 2FA (Formerly Strong Authentication) edit

A two-factor, certificate-based VPN authentication solution that allows users to authenticate without requiring PINs or passwords.

BBM Enterprise edit

Main article: BBM Enterprise

An IP-based enterprise instant messaging platform that provides end-to-end encryption for voice, video, and text-based communication. On February 7, 2017, Blackberry released the BBM Enterprise SDK, a "Communications Platform as a Service" kit that allows developers to incorporate BBM Enterprise's messaging capabilities into their own applications. Said capabilities include secure messaging, voice, video, file sharing, and presence information.[204]

BlackBerry AtHoc edit

An emergency communication system, AtHoc provides two-way messaging and notifications across a range of devices and platforms. On May 17, 2017, BlackBerry released AtHoc Account to help businesses more easily keep track of their staff in an emergency.[205]

SecuSUITE edit

An anti-eavesdropping solution that provides voice, data, and SMS encryption.

BlackBerry QNX edit

Main article: QNX

A real-time embedded operating system, QNX drives multiple software systems in modern auto vehicles, and forms the basis of solutions like BlackBerry Radar, an IoT-based asset tracking system for the transportation industry.[206]

BlackBerry IVY edit

BlackBerry IVY is an edge-to-cloud vehicle data platform.[207]

Patent litigation edit

Since the turn of the century, RIM has been embroiled in a series of suits relating to alleged patent infringement.[208]

Glenayre Electronics edit

In 2001, Research In Motion sued competitor Glenayre Electronics[209] Inc. for patent infringement, partly in response to an earlier infringement suit filed by Glenayre against RIM. RIM sought an injunction to prevent Glenayre from infringing on RIM's "Single Mailbox Integration" patent.[210] The suit was ultimately settled in favour of RIM.

Good Technology edit

In June 2002, Research In Motion filed suit against 2000 start-up and competitor Good Technology.[211] RIM filed additional complaints throughout the year.[212] In March 2004, Good agreed to a licensing deal, thereby settling the outstanding litigation.[213]

Handspring edit

On September 16, 2002, Research In Motion was awarded a patent pertaining to keyboard design on hand-held e-mail devices. Upon receiving the patent, it proceeded to sue Handspring over its Treo device.[212][214] Handspring eventually agreed to license RIM's patent and avoid further litigation in November of the same year.[215]

NTP edit

See also: NTP, Inc. § RIM patent infringement litigation

During the appeals, RIM discovered new prior art that raised a "substantial new question of patentability" and filed for a reexamination of the NTP patents in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. That reexamination was conducted separately to the court cases for infringement. In February 2006, the USPTO rejected all of NTP's claims in three disputed patents. NTP appealed the decision, and the reexamination process was still ongoing as of July 2006 (See NTP, Inc. for details).

On March 3, 2006, RIM announced that it had settled its BlackBerry patent dispute with NTP.[216] Under the terms of the settlement, RIM agreed to pay NTP US$612.5 million[216] in a "full and final settlement of all claims". In a statement, RIM said that "all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief."[217]

Xerox edit

On July 17, 2003, while still embroiled in litigation with NTP and Good Technology, RIM filed suit against Xerox in the U.S. District of Hartford, Connecticut. The suit was filed in response to discussions about patents held by Xerox that might affect RIM's business and also asked that patents held by Xerox be invalidated.[218]

Visto edit

On May 1, 2006, RIM was sued by Visto for infringement of four patents.[219] Though the patents were widely considered invalid and in the same veins as the NTP patents – with a judgement going against Visto in the U.K.[220][221] – RIM settled the lawsuit in the United States on July 16, 2009, with RIM agreeing to pay Visto US$267.5 million plus other undisclosed terms.[222]

Motorola edit

On January 22, 2010, Motorola requested that all BlackBerry smartphones be banned from being imported into the United States for infringing upon five of Motorola's patents. Their patents for "early-stage innovations", including UI, power management and WiFi, are in question.[223] RIM countersued later the same day, alleging anti-competitive behaviour and that Motorola had broken a 2003 licensing agreement by refusing to extend licensing terms beyond 2008.[224] The companies settled out of court on June 11, 2010.[225]

Eatoni edit

On December 5, 2011, Research In Motion obtained an order granting its motion to dismiss plaintiff Eatoni's claims that RIM violated Section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act and equivalent portions of New York's Donnelly Act. Eatoni alleged that RIM's alleged infringement of plaintiff's '317 patent constituted an antitrust violation. Eatoni Ergonomics, Inc. v. Research In Motion Corp., No. 08-Civ. 10079 (WHP) (S.D.N.Y. Dec 5, 2011), Memorandum and Order, p. 1 (Pauley, J.).[226]

Mformation edit

In July 2012, a U.S. federal court jury awarded damages (later overturned) of $147 million against Research In Motion. The jury decided that Research In Motion had violated patents of Mformation and calculated damages of $8 each on 18.4 million units for royalties on past sales of devices to nongovernment U.S. customers only, not including future royalty payments inside and outside the U.S.[227] On August 9, 2012, that verdict was overturned on appeal. RIM had argued that Mformation's patent claims were invalid because the processes were already being used when Mformation filed its patent application. Judge James Ware said Mformation failed to establish that RIM had infringed on the company's patent.[228]

Qualcomm edit

On May 26, 2017, BlackBerry announced that it had reached an agreement with Qualcomm Incorporated resolving all amounts payable in connection with the interim arbitration decision announced on April 12, 2017. Following a joint stipulation by the parties, the arbitration panel has issued a final award providing for the payment by Qualcomm to BlackBerry of a total amount of U.S.$940,000,000 including interest and attorneys' fees, net of certain royalties due from BlackBerry for calendar 2016 and the first quarter of calendar 2017.[229]

Facebook edit

On March 8, 2018, Blackberry Limited sued Facebook Inc. in federal court in Los Angeles. According to BlackBerry Limited, Facebook has built swaths of its empire on the messaging technology which was originally developed by them during the time when the Facebook chief, Mark Zuckerberg, was still living in a Harvard University dorm room.[230] Blackberry Limited alleges that many features of the Facebook messaging service infringe on Blackberry patents.[231] In January 2021, BlackBerry shares jumps 20% after settling patent dispute with Facebook.[232]

Controversies edit

Stock option scandal settlement edit

In 2007, co-CEO Jim Balsillie was forced to resign as chairman as the company announced a $250 million earnings restatement relating to mistakes in how it granted stock options. Furthermore, an internal review found that hundreds of stock-option grants had been backdated, timed to a low share price to make them more lucrative.[233]

In January 2009, Canadian regulators stated that they were seeking a record penalty of US$80 million from the top two executives, co-CEOs Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis. Furthermore, the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) has pushed for Balsillie to pay the bulk of any penalty and relinquish his seat on RIM's board of directors for a period of time.[234]

On February 5, 2009, several executives and directors of Research In Motion agreed to pay the penalties to settle an investigation into the backdating of stock options. The Ontario Securities Commission approved the arrangement in a closed-door meeting.

Under the terms of a settlement agreement with the OSC, RIM co-chief executive officers Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis, as well as chief operating officer Dennis Kavelman, will jointly pay a total of C$68-million to RIM to reimburse the company for losses from the backdating and for the costs of a long internal investigation. The three are also required to pay C$9-million to the OSC.

Initially, Balsillie had stepped down from RIM's board of directors temporarily for a year and remained in his executive role.[235][236] Balsille left the Board in January 2012 and stepped down from his executive role in March 2012.

Environmental record edit

In November 2011, RIM was ranked 15th out of 15 electronics manufacturers in Greenpeace's re-launched Guide to Greener Electronics. [237]

In its 2012 report on progress relating to conflict minerals, the Enough Project rated RIM the sixth highest of 24 consumer electronics companies.[238]

Service outages edit

On October 10, 2011, RIM experienced one of the worst service outages in the company's history. Tens of millions of BlackBerry users in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North America were unable to receive or send emails and BBM messages through their phones.[239] The outage was caused as a result of a core switch failure, "A transition to a back-up switch did not function as tested, causing a large backlog of data, RIM said."[240] Service was restored on October 13, with RIM announcing a $100 package of free premium apps for users and enterprise support extensions.[241][242]

Government access to encrypted communication edit

After a four-year stand-off with the Indian government over access to RIM's secure networks, the company demonstrated the ability to intercept consumer email and messaging traffic between BlackBerry handsets, and make these encrypted communications available to Indian security agencies. There continues to be no access to secure encrypted BlackBerry enterprise communications or corporate emails,[243] except through the Canadian Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act.[244]

See also edit

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Further reading edit

  • Sweeny, Alastair (2009). BlackBerry Planet: The Story of Research in Motion and the Little Device That Took the World by Storm. Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons Canada. ISBN 978-0-470-15940-8. OCLC 697523721.

External links edit

  • Official website  
  • Business data for BlackBerry Limited:
    • Bloomberg
    • Google
    • SEC filings
    • Yahoo!
  • Hoovers - BlackBerry Ltd. profile

43°31′02″N 80°30′57″W / 43.5171578°N 80.5158791°W / 43.5171578; -80.5158791

February 25, 2024
blackberry, limited, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, le. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article April 2021 This article may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view February 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message BlackBerry Limited formerly Research In Motion is a Canadian software company specializing in cybersecurity Founded in 1984 it originally developed the BlackBerry brand of interactive pagers smartphones and tablets Initially leading the mobile phone and pager industry in the 1980s and 90s the company struggled to grow into the new smartphone market dominated by Apple Inc and Android phones In 2016 it transitioned to a cybersecurity enterprise software and services company under CEO John S Chen 3 Its products are used by various businesses car manufacturers and government agencies to prevent hacking and ransomware attacks They include the BlackBerry Cylance the QNX real time operating system BlackBerry Enterprise Server BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager and a Unified Endpoint Management UEM platform BlackBerry LimitedBlackBerry headquarters in Waterloo Ontario CanadaFormerlyResearch in Motion Limited 1984 2013 Company typePublicTraded asTSX BBNYSE BBIndustrySoftwareFoundedMarch 7 1984 39 years ago 1984 03 07 Waterloo Ontario CanadaFoundersMike LazaridisDouglas FreginHeadquartersWaterloo Ontario CanadaArea servedWorldwideKey peopleJohn Giamatteo CEO 1 ProductsBlackBerryBlackBerry MessengerBlackBerry Enterprise ServerBlackBerry Internet ServiceQNXRevenueUS 718 million 2022 2 Operating incomeUS 2 million 2022 2 Net incomeUS 12 million 2022 2 Total assetsUS 2 57 billion 2022 2 Total equityUS 1 56 billion 2022 2 Number of employees3 225 2022 2 SubsidiariesCylanceWebsitewww wbr blackberry wbr com Contents 1 History 1 1 1984 2001 early years and growth 1 2 2001 2011 global expansion and competition 1 2 1 Primary competition 1 3 2011 2015 strategic changes and restructuring 1 3 1 BlackBerry 10 1 3 2 Prem Watsa Fairfax Deal 1 3 3 John Chen joins BlackBerry 1 4 2015 present software transition 1 4 1 Acquisitions 1 4 2 Hardware licensing partnerships 1 4 3 Cybersecurity consulting 1 4 4 BlackBerry Secure 1 5 2023 1 6 2024 2 Financials 3 Organizational changes 3 1 Leadership changes 3 2 Workforce reductions 4 Stock fluctuations 4 1 Rumoured Samsung buyout 5 Mobile OS transition 5 1 BlackBerry OS Java 5 2 BlackBerry Tablet OS QNX 5 3 BlackBerry 10 QNX 5 4 Android 6 Acquisitions 6 1 Slipstream Data Inc 6 2 Certicom 6 3 Dash Navigation 6 4 Torch Mobile 6 5 DataViz 6 6 Viigo 6 7 QNX 6 8 The Astonishing Tribe 6 9 JayCut 6 10 Paratek Microwave 6 11 Tungle me 6 12 Newbay 6 13 Scoreloop 6 14 Gist 6 15 Scroon 6 16 Movirtu 6 17 Secusmart 6 18 WatchDox 6 19 AtHoc 6 20 Good Technology 6 21 Encription 6 22 Cylance 7 Software 7 1 BlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager UEM 7 2 BlackBerry Dynamics Formerly Good Dynamics 7 3 BlackBerry Workspaces Formerly WatchDox 7 4 BlackBerry 2FA Formerly Strong Authentication 7 5 BBM Enterprise 7 6 BlackBerry AtHoc 7 6 1 SecuSUITE 7 7 BlackBerry QNX 7 8 BlackBerry IVY 8 Patent litigation 8 1 Glenayre Electronics 8 2 Good Technology 8 3 Handspring 8 4 NTP 8 5 Xerox 8 6 Visto 8 7 Motorola 8 8 Eatoni 8 9 Mformation 8 10 Qualcomm 8 11 Facebook 9 Controversies 9 1 Stock option scandal settlement 9 2 Environmental record 9 3 Service outages 9 4 Government access to encrypted communication 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory edit1984 2001 early years and growth edit nbsp Logo as Research In Motion used prior to January 30 2013Research In Motion Limited was founded in March 1984 by Mike Lazaridis and Douglas Fregin 4 At the time Lazaridis was an engineering student at the University of Waterloo while Fregin was an engineering student at the University of Windsor 5 In 1988 RIM became the first wireless data technology developer in North America and the first company outside Scandinavia to develop connectivity products for Mobitex wireless packet switched data communications networks Mobitex s wireless data transport also became RIM s first wireless data service that powered the Blackberry and Palm devices until it was phased out 6 In 1990 RIM introduced the DigiSync Film KeyKode Reader 7 In 1991 it introduced the first Mobitex protocol converter In 1992 it introduced the first Mobitex point of sale solution a protocol converter box that interfaced with existing point of sale terminal equipment to enable wireless communication In 1993 it introduced the RIMGate the first general purpose Mobitex X 25 gateway In the same year it launched Ericsson Mobidem AT and Intel wireless modems containing RIM modem firmware In 1994 it introduced the first Mobitex mobile point of sale terminal In the same year it received the Emmy Award for Technical Innovation and the KPMG High Technology Award In 1995 it introduced Freedom the first Type II PCMCIA radio modem for Mobitex In 1995 RIM was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors through a private placement in the privately held company Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc led the first venture round 8 with a C 5 000 000 investment with the proceeds being used to complete the development of RIM s two way paging system hardware and software A total of C 30 000 000 in pre IPO financing was raised by the company prior to its initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in January 1998 under the symbol RIM 9 In 1996 RIM introduced the Interactive Pager the first two way messaging pager and the RIM 900 OEM radio modem The company developed the pager prototype with the support of Intel Corporation 10 The company worked with RAM Mobile Data and Ericsson to turn the Ericsson developed Mobitex wireless data network into a two way paging and wireless e mail network Pivotal in this development was the release of the Inter ctive Pager 950 In August 1997 a prototype was presented to BellSouth executives who were impressed with the device and agreed to a 70 million deal that involved the supply of 100 000 devices 11 The pager started shipping in August 1998 About the size of a bar of soap this device competed against the Skytel two way paging network developed by Motorola In 1999 RIM introduced the BlackBerry 850 pager This was also the first device to use the Blackberry OS 12 Named after its keyboard s similarity to the druplets of the blackberry fruit 13 the device could receive push email from a Microsoft Exchange Server using its complementary server software BlackBerry Enterprise Server BES Its introduction set the stage for the company s future enterprise oriented products such as the BlackBerry 957 in April 2000 the first BlackBerry smartphone The BlackBerry OS platform and BES continued to increase in functionality while the incorporation of encryption and S MIME support helped BlackBerry devices gain increased usage by governments and businesses 14 15 During fiscal 1999 2001 RIM s assets grew eight fold due to massive capacity expansion 2001 2011 global expansion and competition edit RIM soon began to introduce BlackBerry devices for the consumer market as well beginning with the BlackBerry Pearl 8100 the first BlackBerry phone to include multimedia features such as a camera The Pearl series was highly successful as was the subsequent Curve 8300 and Bold 9000 series Extensive carrier partnerships fueled the rapid expansion of BlackBerry users globally in both enterprise and consumer markets Despite the arrival of the first Apple iPhone in 2007 BlackBerry sustained unprecedented market share growth well into 2011 The introduction of Apple s iPhone on the AT amp T network in the fall of 2007 in the United States prompted RIM to produce its first touchscreen smartphone for the competing network in 2008 the BlackBerry Storm It sold well but suffered from mixed to poor reviews and poor customer satisfaction 15 16 The iPhone initially lagged behind BlackBerry in both shipments and active users due to RIM s head start and larger carrier distribution network In the United States the BlackBerry user base peaked at approximately 21 million users in the fall of 2010 17 18 19 That quarter the company s global subscriber base stood at 36 million users 20 As the iPhone and Google Android accelerated growth in the United States the BlackBerry began to turn to other smartphone platforms Nonetheless the BlackBerry line as a whole continued to enjoy success spurred on by strong international growth As of December 1 2012 the company had 79 million BlackBerry users globally 21 with only 9 million remaining in the United States 22 Even as the company continued to grow worldwide investors and media became increasingly alarmed about the company s ability to compete with devices from rival mobile operating systems iOS and Android CNN cited BlackBerry as one of six endangered US Canadian brands Analysts were also worried about the company s management structure 23 24 Following numerous attempts to upgrade its existing Java platform the company made numerous acquisitions to help it create a new more powerful BlackBerry platform centred around its recently acquired real time operating system QNX 25 In March 2011 Research In Motion Ltd s then co CEO Jim Balsillie suggested during a conference call that the launch of some powerful new BlackBerrys eventually released as BlackBerry 10 would be in early 2012 However analysts were worried that promoting the mysterious supposedly game changing devices too early might hurt sales of existing BlackBerrys similar to the Osborne effect The initial launch date was seen in retrospect as too ambitious and hurt the company s credibility at a time when its existing aging products steadily lost market share 26 On September 27 2010 RIM announced the long rumoured BlackBerry PlayBook tablet the first product running on the new QNX platform known as BlackBerry Tablet OS The BlackBerry PlayBook was officially released to U S and Canadian consumers on April 19 2011 It was criticized for being rushed to market in an incomplete state and sold poorly Following the shipments of 900 000 tablets during its first three quarters on market slow sales and inventory pileups prompted the company to reduce prices and write down the inventory value by 485 million 27 Primary competition edit BlackBerry s primary competitors were smartphones running Android OS and the Apple iPhone For a number of years the BlackBerry was the leading smartphone in many markets particularly the United States The arrival of the iPhone and later Google s Android platform caused a slowdown in BlackBerry growth and a decline in sales in some markets most notably the United States leading to negative media and analyst sentiment over the company s ability to continue independently 28 When Apple s iPhone was introduced in 2007 it generated substantial media attention with numerous media outlets calling it a BlackBerry killer 29 30 While BlackBerry sales continued to grow the newer iPhone grew at a faster rate The 87 drop in BlackBerry s stock price between 2010 and 2013 was primarily attributed to the performance of the iPhone handset 31 The first three iPhone models generally lagged behind the BlackBerry in sales as RIM had major advantages in carrier and enterprise support however Apple continued gaining market share In October 2008 Apple briefly passed RIM in quarterly sales when they announced they had sold 6 9 million iPhones to the 6 1 million sold by RIM comparing partially overlapping quarters between the companies 32 Though Apple s iPhone sales declined to 4 3 million in the subsequent quarter 33 and RIM s increased to 7 8 million for some investors this was a sign of weakness 34 The iPhone began to sell more phones quarterly than the BlackBerry in 2010 brought on by the release of the iPhone 4 35 36 In the United States the BlackBerry hit its peak in September 2010 with almost 22 million users or 37 of the 58 7 million American smartphones 37 BlackBerry then began to decline in use in the United States with Apple s installed base in the United States finally passing it in April 2011 38 Sales of the iPhone continued to accelerate as did the smartphone market while the BlackBerry began to lose users continuously in the United States By February 2016 only 1 59 million 0 8 of the 198 9 million smartphone users in the United States were running BlackBerry compared to 87 32 million 43 9 on an iPhone 39 Google s Android mobile operating system running on hardware by a range of manufacturers including Sony Motorola HTC Samsung LG and many others ramped up the competition for BlackBerry In January 2010 barely 3 million 7 1 of the 42 7 million Smartphones in use at the time in the United States were running Android compared to 18 million BlackBerry devices 43 40 Within a single year Android had passed the installed base of the BlackBerry in the United States 41 By February 2016 only 1 59 million 0 8 of the 198 9 million smartphone users in the United States were running BlackBerry compared to 104 82 million 52 7 running Android 39 While RIM s secure encrypted network was attractive to corporate customers their handsets were sometimes considered less attractive to consumers than iPhone and Android smartphones Developers often developed consumer applications for those platforms and not the BlackBerry 42 43 During 2010s even enterprise customers had begun to adopt BYOD policies due to employee feedback The company also faced criticism that its hardware and operating system were outdated and unappealing compared to the competition as well as that the browsing capabilities were poorer 44 2011 2015 strategic changes and restructuring edit Slowing growth prompted the company to undertake a lay off of 2 000 employees in the summer of 2011 45 In September 2011 the company s BlackBerry Internet Service suffered a massive outage impacting millions of customers for several days The outage embarrassingly occurred as Apple prepared to launch the iPhone 4S causing fears of mass defections from the platform 46 Shortly afterwards in October 2011 RIM unveiled BBX a new platform for future BlackBerry smartphones that would be based on the same QNX based platform as the PlayBook However due to an accusation of trademark infringement regarding the name BBX the platform was renamed BlackBerry 10 47 48 The task proved to be daunting with the company delaying the launch in December 2011 to some time in 2012 49 On January 22 2012 Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie resigned as the CEOs of the company handing the reins over to executive Thorsten Heins 50 On March 29 2012 the company reported its first net loss in years 51 Heins set about the task of restructuring the company including announcing plans to lay off 5 000 employees replacing numerous executives and delaying BlackBerry 10 a second time into January 2013 52 On January 4 2022 BlackBerry decommissioned the infrastructure and operating system used by their non Android phones 53 BlackBerry 10 edit Main article BlackBerry 10 After much criticism and numerous delays RIM officially launched BlackBerry 10 and two new smartphones based on the platform the BlackBerry Z10 and Q10 on January 30 2013 15 54 55 The BlackBerry Z10 the first BlackBerry smartphone running BlackBerry 10 debuted worldwide in January 2013 going on sale immediately in the U K with other countries following A marked departure from previous BlackBerry phones the Z10 featured a fully touch based design a dual core processor and a high definition display BlackBerry 10 had 70 000 applications available at launch which the company expected would rise to 100 000 by the time the device made its debut in the United States In support of the launch the company aired its first Super Bowl television advertisement in the U S and Canada during Super Bowl XLVII 56 In discussing the decision to create a proprietary operating system instead of adopting an off the shelf platform such as Android Heins noted If you look at other suppliers ability to differentiate there s very little wiggle room We looked at it seriously but if you understand what the promise of BlackBerry is to its user base it s all about getting stuff done Games media we have to be good at it but we have to support those guys who are ahead of the game Very little time to consume and enjoy content if you stay true to that purpose you have to build on that basis And if we want to serve that segment we can t do it on a me too approach 57 Chief Operating Officer Kristian Tear remarked We want to regain our position as the number one in the world while Chief Marketing Officer Frank Boulben proclaimed It could be the greatest comeback in tech history The carriers are behind us They don t want a duopoly referring to Apple and Samsung 44 During the BlackBerry 10 launch event the company also announced that it would change its public brand from Research In Motion to BlackBerry 58 54 The name change was made to put the BlackBerry brand at the centre of the company s diverse brands and because customers in some markets already know the company as BlackBerry 15 A shareholder vote on an official name change to BlackBerry Limited was held at its next annual general meeting after its ticker symbols on the TSX and NASDAQ already were changed to BB and BBRY respectively on February 4 2013 59 60 On August 12 2013 the company announced that it was open to being purchased 61 Prem Watsa Fairfax Deal edit Canada Pension Plan Investment Board s CEO Mark Wiseman stated that he would consider investing in BlackBerry if the company became private 62 Also on August 12 2013 foremost shareholder Prem Watsa resigned from BlackBerry s board 63 On September 20 2013 the company announced it would lay off 4 500 staff and take a CAD 1 billion operating loss 64 Three days later the company announced that it had signed a letter of intent to be acquired by a consortium led by Prem Watsa owned Fairfax Financial Holdings for a 9 per share deal This deal was also confirmed by Watsa 65 On September 29 2013 the company began operating a direct sales model for customers in the United States where unlocked Q10 and Z10 smartphones were sold directly from the BlackBerry website 66 On October 15 2013 the company published an open letter in 30 publications in nine countries to reassure customers that BlackBerry would continue to operate 67 Anthony Michael Sabino St John s University business professor stated in the Washington Post This is BlackBerry s last ditch attempt to simply survive in the face of crushing competition in a market it essentially invented 68 John Chen joins BlackBerry edit See also John S Chen On November 4 2013 the Fairfax Prem Watsa deal was scrapped in favor of a US 1 billion cash injection which according to one analyst represented the level of confidence BlackBerry s largest shareholder had in the company 69 At the same time BlackBerry installed John Chen as CEO to replace the laid off Heins 70 According to the Globe and Mail BlackBerry s hope was that Chen with his reputation as a turnaround artist could save the company 71 We have begun moving the company to embrace a multi platform BYOD world by adopting a new mobility management platform and a new device strategy Chen explained in an open letter published shortly after his appointment I believe in the value of this brand With the right team and the right strategy in place I am confident that we will rebuild BlackBerry for the benefit of all our constituencies 72 In April 2014 Chen spoke of his turnaround strategy in an interview with Reuters 73 explaining that he intended to invest in or partner with other companies in regulated industries such as healthcare financial and legal services He later clarified that BlackBerry s device division remained part of his strategy and that his company was also looking to invest in emerging solutions such as machine to machine technologies that will help power the backbone of the Internet of Things 74 He would later expand on this idea at a BlackBerry Security Summit in July 2014 75 In May 2014 the low cost BlackBerry Z3 was introduced in the Indonesian market where the brand had been particularly popular The budget handset was produced in partnership with Taiwanese manufacturer Foxconn Technology Group which handled the design and distribution of the product A New York Times analysis stated that the model was an attempt by Chen to generate revenue while he tried to shift the organization s focus to services and software As part of the localization effort for the promotion of the Z3 the handset s back panel was engraved with the word Jakarta but skepticism still emerged as the handset was still more than twice as expensive as Android models in Indonesia at the time of release 76 2015 present software transition edit In the first quarter of the 2015 fiscal year Chen stated This is of course the very beginning of our task and we hope that we will be able to report better results going forward We feel pretty good about where we are Quartz reported that stock was up by 30 percent compared to the same period in the previous year 31 while Chen expressed enthusiasm for the release of two new handsets both with keyboards and touch screens in the second half of 2014 Chen did not provide sales figures for the Z3 phone in Indonesia 77 In September 2015 Chen unveiled the BlackBerry Priv a keyboard slider smartphone utilizing the Android operating system with BlackBerry developed software enhancements including a secure bootloader full disk encryption integrity protection and the BlackBerry HUB 78 In 2020 BlackBerry signed a new licensing agreement for smartphones with the US based startup company OnwardMobility 79 The company never released a device before shutting down in 2022 80 As of June 2021 Cybersecurity 107 million and IoT 43 million revenue accounted for a combined 86 of Q1 2022 earnings 174 million Chen reiterated Now we are pivoting the organization more heavily toward the market by creating two business units Cybersecurity and IoT we will provide revenue and gross margin by business unit as well as other selected metrics 81 In October 2023 the company announced that it would spin off its IoT business unit and hold an initial public offering for it in the next year 82 83 Acquisitions edit During this time BlackBerry also expanded its software and services offerings with several acquisitions These included file security firm WatchDox 84 crisis communications leader AtHoc 85 and rival EMM vendor Good Technology 86 The products offered by these firms were gradually re branded and integrated into BlackBerry s own portfolio Trefis an analyst team and Forbes contributor called Good a nice strategic fit for BlackBerry s software business noting that the expensive acquisition indicated the company s commitment to a software focused turnaround It remained ambivalent about the company s outlook overall 87 In January 2016 Chen stated that BlackBerry did not plan on developing any new devices running BlackBerry 10 and that the company would release two new Android devices at most during 2016 88 BlackBerry also announced the release of the Good Secure EMM Suites consolidating WatchDox and Good Technology s products into several tiered offerings alongside its existing software 89 Hardware licensing partnerships edit BlackBerry announced the DTeK50 a mid range Android smartphone on July 26 2016 90 Unlike the Priv the DTek50 was a re branded version of an existing smartphone the Alcatel Idol 4 as manufactured by TCL Corporation one of the company s hardware partners 91 It was to be the second last phone ever developed in house at BlackBerry followed by the DTek60 in October 2016 on September 28 2016 BlackBerry announced that it would cease in house hardware development to focus on software delegating development design and manufacturing of its devices to third party partners 92 The first of these partners was BB Merah Putih a joint venture in Indonesia Chen stated that the company was no longer just about the smartphone but the smart in the phone 93 94 On December 15 2016 BlackBerry announced that it had reached a long term deal with TCL to continue producing BlackBerry branded smartphones for sale outside of Bangladesh India Indonesia Nepal and Sri Lanka 95 This partnership was followed by an agreement with Optiemus Infracom on February 6 2017 to produce devices throughout India and neighbouring markets including Sri Lanka Nepal and Bangladesh 96 Since the partnerships were announced TCL has released the BlackBerry KeyOne 97 and BB Merah Putih has released the BlackBerry Aurora 98 Cybersecurity consulting edit In February 2016 BlackBerry acquired UK based cybersecurity firm Encription 99 with the intention of branching out into the security consulting business It later released BlackBerry Shield an IT risk assessment program for its corporate clients 100 In April 2017 BlackBerry s cybersecurity division partnered with Allied World Assurance Company Holdings a global insurance and reinsurance provider 101 BlackBerry Secure edit On December 8 2016 BlackBerry announced the release of BlackBerry Secure Billed as a comprehensive mobile security platform for the Enterprise of Things 102 BlackBerry Secure deepened the integration between BlackBerry s acquisitions and its core portfolio According to Forbes it brings all of BlackBerry s products under a single umbrella 102 On February 7 2017 BlackBerry announced the creation of the BBM Enterprise SDK a Communication Platform as a Service development tool 103 The Enterprise SDK allows developers to incorporate BBM Enterprise s messaging functionality into their applications It was released to BlackBerry s partners on February 21 2017 and officially launched on June 12 2017 104 Also in February 2017 analyst firm 451 Research released a report on BlackBerry s improved financial position and product focus 105 The report identified BlackBerry s position in the Internet of Things and its device licensing strategy as strengths The BBM Enterprise SDK was also highlighted alongside several challenges still facing the company 2023 edit On October 30 2023 John S Chen announced his resignation as CEO through an employee letter posted to the Blackberry Limited blog page stating he will cease his role on November 4 2023 106 1 2024 edit On Feburary 8 2024 Blackberry Limited appoints Philip Brace to the Board of Directors with a Headline that states Director Prem Watsa to resign from Board 1 Financials editUntil 2013 the number of active BlackBerry users increased over time For the fiscal period in which the Apple iPhone was first released in 2007 RIM reported a user base of 10 5 million BlackBerry subscribers 107 At the end of 2008 when Google Android first hit the market RIM reported that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had increased to 21 million 108 109 In the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended March 3 2012 RIM shipped 11 1 million BlackBerry smartphones down 21 percent from the previous quarter and it was the first decline in the quarter covering Christmas since 2006 For its fourth quarter RIM announced a net loss of US 125 million the last loss before this occurred in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2005 110 RIM s loss of market share accelerated in 2011 due to the rapidly growing sales of Samsung and HTC Android handsets RIM s annual market share in the U S dropped to just 3 percent from 9 percent 111 In the quarter ended June 28 2012 RIM announced that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had reached 78 million globally 112 Furthermore RIM reported its first quarter revenue for the 2013 fiscal year showing that the company incurred a GAAP net loss of US 518 million for the quarter and announced a plan to implement a US 1 billion cost saving initiative The company also announced the delay of the new BlackBerry 10 OS until the first quarter of 2013 113 After the release of the Apple iPhone 5 in September 2012 RIM CEO Thorsten Heins announced that the number of global users was up to 80 million which sparked a 7 jump in shares 114 On December 2 2012 the company reported a decline in the global subscriber base of BlackBerry to 79 million after peaking at an all time high of 80 million the previous quarter 34 Later that same month media reports confirmed that BlackBerry lost US 1 049 billion during the second fiscal quarter of 2013 In the wake of the loss Heins stated We are very disappointed with our operational and financial results this quarter and have announced a series of major changes to address the competitive hardware environment and our cost structure 115 Between 2010 and 2013 the stock price of the company dropped by 87 percent due to the widespread popularity of the iPhone Goldman Sachs estimated that in June 2014 BlackBerry accounted for 1 percent share of smartphone sales compared to a peak of around 20 percent in 2009 31 With the release of its financial results for the first fiscal quarter of 2015 in June 2014 Chen presented a more stable company that had incurred a lower amount of loss than previous quarters The New York Times described a smaller than expected quarterly loss Following the news release Chen stated that BlackBerry was comfortable with its position and it is understood that his plan for the company mainly involves businesses and governments rather than consumers 77 116 Fiscal Year Sales millions Operating Income millions Net Income millions Active BlackBerry Subscribers1999 47 4 8 6 42000 84 10 102001 221 4 6 6 2 2002 117 294 58 28 2003 117 307 64 149 534 0002004 117 595 78 52 1 069 0002005 117 1 350 386 206 2 510 0002006 117 2 066 617 375 4 900 0002007 117 3 037 807 632 8 000 0002008 117 6 009 1 731 1 294 14 000 0002009 117 11 065 2 722 1 893 25 000 0002010 117 14 953 3 507 2 457 41 000 0002011 117 19 907 4 739 3 444 70 000 0002012 118 18 423 1 497 1 164 77 000 0002013 118 119 11 073 1 235 646 79 000 0002014 118 119 6 813 7 163 5 873 69 000 0002015 118 119 3 335 423 304 46 000 0002016 2 160 223 208 2017 120 1 309 1 181 1 206 2018 121 932 283 4052019 904 60 932020 1 040 149 152 2021 2 718 2 12Organizational changes editLeadership changes edit The company was often criticized for its dual CEO structure Some saw this arrangement as a dysfunctional management structure and believed RIM acted as two companies slowing the effort to release the new BlackBerry 10 operating system 122 123 On June 30 2011 an investor push for the company to split its dual CEO structure was unexpectedly withdrawn after an agreement was made with RIM 124 On January 22 2012 RIM announced that its CEOs Balsillie and Lazaridis had stepped down from their positions They were replaced by Thorsten Heins 125 Heins hired investment banks RBC Capital Markets and JP Morgan to seek out potential buyers interested in RIM while also redoubling efforts on releasing BlackBerry 10 44 Following the assumption of role as CEO Heins made substantial changes to the company s leadership team Changes included the departures of Chief Technology Officer David Yach Chief Operating Officer Jim Rowan 126 Senior Vice President of Software Alan Brenner 127 Chief Legal Officer Karima Bawa 128 and Chief Information Officer Robin Bienfait 129 Following the leadership changes Heins hired Kristian Tear to assume the role of Chief Operating Officer Frank Boulben to fill the Chief Marketing Officer role 128 and appointed Dan Dodge the CEO of QNX to take over as Chief Technology Officer 130 On July 28 2012 Steven E Zipperstein was appointed as the new Vice President and Chief Legal Officer 131 On March 28 2013 Lazaridis relinquished his position as vice chairman and announced his resignation from the board of directors 132 Later in the year Heins was replaced by John S Chen who assumed the CEO role in the first week of November Chen s compensation package mainly consists of BlackBerry shares a total of 13 million and he will be entitled to the entire number of shares after he has served the company for five years Heins received an exit package of 22 million 133 Chen has a reputation as a turnaround CEO 134 turning the struggling enterprise software and services organization Sybase into enough of a success to sign a merger with SAP in 2010 135 Chen was open about his plans for BlackBerry upon joining the company announcing his intent to move away from hardware manufacturing to focus on enterprise software such as QNX BlackBerry UEM and AtHoc 136 137 138 Workforce reductions edit In June 2011 RIM announced its prediction that Q1 2011 revenue would drop for the first time in nine years and also unveiled plans to reduce its workforce In July 2011 the company cut 2 000 jobs the biggest lay off in its history and the first major layoff since November 12 2002 when the company laid off 10 of its workforce 200 employees 139 The lay off reduced the workforce by around 11 from 19 000 employees to 17 000 140 On June 28 2012 the company announced a planned workforce reduction of 5 000 by the end of its fiscal 2013 as part of a 1 billion cost savings initiative 113 On July 25 2013 250 employees from BlackBerry s research and development department and new product testing were laid off The layoffs were part of the turnaround efforts 141 On September 20 2013 BlackBerry confirmed that the company will have a massive layoff of 4 500 employees by the end of 2013 This would be approximately 40 percent of the company s workforce 142 BlackBerry had at its peak about 20 000 employees After CEO John Chen joined BlackBerry in 2013 there were additional layoffs in February 2015 to compete with smartphones at which point the total employees numbered 6 225 On July 21 2015 BlackBerry announced an additional layoff of an unspecified number of employees 143 with another 200 laid off in February 2016 144 As of February 2022 update the company had 3 225 employees 2 Stock fluctuations editIn June 2011 RIM stock fell to its lowest point since 2006 145 On December 16 2011 RIM shares fell to their lowest price since January 2004 146 Overall in 2011 the share price tumbled 80 percent from January to December causing its market capitalization to fall below book value By March 2012 shares were worth less than 14 from a high of over 140 in 2008 147 148 From June 2008 to June 2011 RIM s shareholders lost almost 70 billion or 82 percent as the company s market capitalization dropped from 83 billion to 13 6 billion the biggest decline among communications equipment providers Shares price fell further on July 16 closing at 7 09 on the Toronto Stock Exchange the lowest level since September 8 2003 after a jury in California said RIM must pay 147 2 million as a result of a patent infringement judgment that was subsequently overturned 149 On November 22 2012 shares of RIM BlackBerry surged 18 the largest gain of the stock in over three years This was due to National Bank of Canada analyst Kris Thompson s announcement that the new BB10 devices were expected to sell better than anticipated along with raising the target stock price On June 28 2013 after BlackBerry announced net losses of approximately 84 million 150 its shares plunged 28 151 On April 12 2017 shares surged more than 19 as BlackBerry won an arbitration case against Qualcomm It was decided that BlackBerry had been overpaying the company in royalty payments and BlackBerry was awarded 814 9 million 152 Rumoured Samsung buyout edit On January 14 2015 in the final hour of trading in U S markets Reuters published that Samsung was in talks with BlackBerry to buy the latter for between 13 35 and 15 49 per share 153 The article caused shares of BlackBerry to rally 30 154 Later that evening BlackBerry issued a press release denying the media reports 155 Samsung responded saying that the report is groundless 156 Mobile OS transition editThis section s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions May 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message BlackBerry OS Java edit Main article BlackBerry OS The existing when Java based BlackBerry OS was intended to operate under much different simpler conditions such as low powered devices narrow network bandwidth and high security enterprises However as the needs of the mobile user evolved the aging platform struggled with emerging trends like mobile web browsing consumer applications multimedia and touch screen interfaces Users could experience performance issues usability problems and instability 26 The company tried to enhance the aging platform with a better web browser faster performance a bundled application store and various touch screen enhancements but ultimately decided to build a new platform with QNX at its core 122 7 While most other operating systems are monolithic the malfunction of one area would cause the whole system to crash QNX 157 is more stable because it uses independent building blocks or kernels preventing a domino effect if one kernel breaks 44 RIM s final major OS release before the release of BlackBerry 10 was BlackBerry 7 which was often criticized as dated and referred to as a temporary stopgap BlackBerry Tablet OS QNX edit Main article BlackBerry Tablet OS The BlackBerry PlayBook was the first RIM product whose BlackBerry Tablet OS was built on QNX launched in April 2011 as an alternative to the Apple iPad However it was criticized for having incomplete software it initially lacked native email calendaring and contacts and a poor app selection It fared poorly until prices were substantially reduced like most other tablet computers released that year Android tablets such as the Motorola Xoom and Samsung Galaxy Tab and the HP TouchPad The BlackBerry Tablet OS received a major update in February 2012 as well as numerous minor updates BlackBerry 10 QNX edit Main article BlackBerry 10 BlackBerry 10 a substantially updated version of BlackBerry Tablet OS intended for the next generation BlackBerry smartphones was originally planned for release in early 2012 The company delayed the product several times remembering the criticism faced by the BlackBerry Playbook launch and citing the need for it to be perfect in order to stand a chance in the market The most recent model with this OS was the BlackBerry Leap Android edit Main articles BlackBerry Priv BlackBerry DTEK50 BlackBerry DTEK60 and BlackBerry Mobile In September 2015 BlackBerry announced the Priv a handset running Android 5 1 1 Lollipop It is the first phone by the company not to run an in house built operating system The version of Android running on the Priv is very similar to the standard version developed by Google with some changes to improve productivity and security BlackBerry has implemented some of the features of BlackBerry 10 within Android such as BlackBerry Hub BlackBerry Virtual Keyboard BlackBerry Calendar and BlackBerry Contacts 158 On April 1 2016 BlackBerry reported that it sold 600 000 phones in its fiscal fourth quarter amid expectations of 750 000 800 000 handset sales for the first full quarter of reporting since the Priv s release 159 On July 26 2016 a new mid range model with only an on screen keyboard was introduced the unusually slim BlackBerry DTEK50 powered by the then latest version of Android 6 0 Marshmallow and featuring a 5 2 inch full high definition display BlackBerry chief security officer David Kleidermacher stressed data security during the launch indicating that this model included built in malware protection and encryption of all user information By then the BlackBerry Classic which used the BlackBerry 10 OS had been discontinued 160 161 In July 2016 industry observers expected the company to announce two additional smartphones over the subsequent 12 months presumably also with the Android OS 162 However BlackBerry COO Marty Beard told Bloomberg that The company s never said that we would not build another BB10 device 163 At MWC Barcelona 2017 TCL announced the BlackBerry KeyOne The KeyOne is the last phone designed in house by BlackBerry Acquisitions editThrough the years particularly as the company evolved towards its new platform BlackBerry has made numerous acquisitions of third party companies and technology Slipstream Data Inc edit Slipstream Data Inc was a network optimization data compression network acceleration software company BlackBerry acquired the company as a wholly owned subsidiary on July 11 2006 The company continues to operate out of Waterloo Certicom edit Certicom Corp is a cryptography company founded in 1985 by Gordon Agnew 164 Ron Mullin and Scott Vanstone The Certicom intellectual property portfolio includes over 350 patents and patents pending worldwide that cover key aspects of elliptic curve cryptography ECC 165 The National Security Agency NSA has licensed 26 of Certicom s ECC patents as a way of clearing the way for the implementation of elliptic curves to protect U S and allied government information 166 Certicom s current customers include General Dynamics Motorola Oracle Research In Motion and Unisys 167 On January 23 2009 VeriSign entered into an agreement to acquire Certicom 168 Research In Motion put in a counter offer which was deemed superior 169 VeriSign did not match this offer 170 and so Certicom announced an agreement to be acquired by RIM 171 Upon the completion of this transaction Certicom became a wholly owned subsidiary of RIM and was de listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange on March 25 2009 Dash Navigation edit In June 2009 RIM announced they would acquire Dash Navigation makers of the Dash Express 172 Torch Mobile edit In August 2009 RIM acquired Torch Mobile developer of Iris Browser enabling the inclusion of a WebKit based browser on their BlackBerry devices which became the web browser in subsequent Java based operating systems BlackBerry 6 BlackBerry 7 and operating systems QNX based BlackBerry Tablet OS and BlackBerry 10 The first product to contain this browser the BlackBerry Torch 9800 was named after the company DataViz edit On September 8 2010 DataViz Inc sold their office suite Documents To Go and other assets to Research In Motion for 50 million 173 Subsequently the application which allows users to view and edit Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint was bundled on BlackBerry Smartphones and tablets Viigo edit On March 26 2010 the company announced its acquisition of Viigo a Toronto based company that developed the popular Viigo for BlackBerry applications which aggregated news content from around the web Terms of the deal were not disclosed 174 QNX edit RIM reached an agreement with Harman International on April 12 2010 for RIM to acquire QNX Software Systems The acquired company was to serve as the foundation for the next generation BlackBerry platform that crossed devices 175 176 177 QNX became the platform for the BlackBerry PlayBook and BlackBerry 10 Smartphones The Astonishing Tribe edit The Astonishing Tribe TAT a user interface design company based in Malmo Sweden was acquired by the company on December 2 2010 178 179 With a history of creating user interfaces and applications for mobile TAT contributed heavily to the user experience of BlackBerry 10 as well as the development of its GUI framework Cascades JayCut edit In July 2011 RIM brought on JayCut a Sweden based company that is an online video editor 180 JayCut technology was incorporated into the media software of BlackBerry 10 180 Paratek Microwave edit In March 2012 RIM acquired Paratek Microwave 181 bringing their adaptive RF Tuning technology into BlackBerry handsets Tungle me edit On September 18 2012 it was announced that the RIM social calendaring service 182 Tungle me would be shut down on December 3 2012 RIM acquired Tungle me in April 2011 183 Newbay edit In July 2011 RIM acquired NewBay an Irish based company that is an online video pics and tool for media networks editor 184 RIM subsequently sold NewBay to Synchronoss in December 2012 for 55 5 million 185 Scoreloop edit Main article Scoreloop On June 7 2011 Scoreloop was acquired by BlackBerry for US 71 million 186 187 It provided tools for adding social elements to any game achievements rewards etc and was central to the BlackBerry 10 s Games app On December 1 2014 all Scoreloop services were shut down 188 Gist edit Gist was acquired in February 2011 by BlackBerry Gist is a tool that helps users to organise and view all their contacts in one place Gist s services closed down on September 15 2012 in order for the company to focus on BlackBerry 10 189 Scroon edit BlackBerry Ltd acquired Scroon in May 2013 The French startup manages Facebook Twitter and other social media accounts for large clients like luxury good maker LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA wireless operator Orange SA ORA and Warner Bros Entertainment The deal was publicly announced in November 2013 According to Scroon founder Alexandre Mars he had not disclosed the purchase by BlackBerry before because of the delicate media buzz around the company Scroon is part of BlackBerry s strategy to profit from the BlackBerry Messenger instant messaging service by utilizing the newly unveiled BBM Channels Financial terms were not disclosed 190 Movirtu edit Movirtu was acquired in September 2014 by BlackBerry Movirtu is a U K startup that allows multiple phone numbers to be active on a single mobile device At the time of the acquisition BlackBerry announced they would expand this functionality beyond BlackBerry 10 to other mobile platforms such as Android and iOS 191 Secusmart edit Secusmart was acquired in September 2014 The German based company was one of the steps to position BlackBerry as the most secure provider in the mobile market Secusmart had the agreement to equip the German Government with high secure mobile devices that encrypt voice as well as data on BlackBerry 10 devices Those phones are currently in use by Angela Merkel and most of the ministers as well as several Departments and the Parliament 192 WatchDox edit Main article WatchDox WatchDox was an Israel based Enterprise File Synchronization and Sharing company which specialized in securing access to documents on a cloud basis BlackBerry acquired the company in April 2015 193 On December 8 2016 BlackBerry renamed WatchDox to BlackBerry Workspaces 194 In August 2019 BlackBerry closed down its Israel development center 195 AtHoc edit On July 22 2015 BlackBerry announced that it had acquired AtHoc a provider of secure networked emergency communications 196 Good Technology edit Main article Good Technology On September 4 2015 BlackBerry announced the acquisition of mobile security provider Good Technology for 425 million 197 On December 8 2016 it rebranded Good s products and integrated them into the BlackBerry Enterprise Mobility Suite a set of tiered software offerings for its enterprise customers 198 Encription edit On February 24 2016 BlackBerry acquired UK based cyber security consultancy Encription 199 Cylance edit On November 16 2018 Cylance was purchased for US 1 4 billion by BlackBerry Limited in an all cash deal 200 The technology behind Cylance would enable BlackBerry to add artificial intelligence capabilities to its existing software products for IoT applications and other services Cylance will run as a separate division within BlackBerry Limited s current operations 201 Software editBlackBerry Unified Endpoint Manager UEM edit See also BlackBerry Enterprise Server An Enterprise Mobility Management platform that provides provisional and access control over smartphones tablets laptops and desktops with support for all major platforms including iOS Android including Android for Work and Samsung KNOX BlackBerry 10 Windows 10 and Mac OS UEM formerly known as BES also acts as a unified management console and server for BlackBerry Dynamics BlackBerry Workspaces and BlackBerry 2FA 202 BlackBerry Dynamics Formerly Good Dynamics edit A Mobile Application Management platform that manages and secures app data through application virtualization The BlackBerry Dynamics suite of apps includes email calendar contacts tasks instant messaging browsing and document sharing The BlackBerry Dynamics SDK allows developers to utilize the platform s security and add functionality from BlackBerry s other solutions into their applications 203 BlackBerry Workspaces Formerly WatchDox edit An Enterprise File Synchronization and Sharing EFSS platform Workspaces provides file level digital rights management controls alongside file synchronization and sharing functionality BlackBerry 2FA Formerly Strong Authentication edit A two factor certificate based VPN authentication solution that allows users to authenticate without requiring PINs or passwords BBM Enterprise edit Main article BBM Enterprise An IP based enterprise instant messaging platform that provides end to end encryption for voice video and text based communication On February 7 2017 Blackberry released the BBM Enterprise SDK a Communications Platform as a Service kit that allows developers to incorporate BBM Enterprise s messaging capabilities into their own applications Said capabilities include secure messaging voice video file sharing and presence information 204 BlackBerry AtHoc edit An emergency communication system AtHoc provides two way messaging and notifications across a range of devices and platforms On May 17 2017 BlackBerry released AtHoc Account to help businesses more easily keep track of their staff in an emergency 205 SecuSUITE edit An anti eavesdropping solution that provides voice data and SMS encryption BlackBerry QNX edit Main article QNX A real time embedded operating system QNX drives multiple software systems in modern auto vehicles and forms the basis of solutions like BlackBerry Radar an IoT based asset tracking system for the transportation industry 206 BlackBerry IVY edit BlackBerry IVY is an edge to cloud vehicle data platform 207 Patent litigation editSince the turn of the century RIM has been embroiled in a series of suits relating to alleged patent infringement 208 Glenayre Electronics edit In 2001 Research In Motion sued competitor Glenayre Electronics 209 Inc for patent infringement partly in response to an earlier infringement suit filed by Glenayre against RIM RIM sought an injunction to prevent Glenayre from infringing on RIM s Single Mailbox Integration patent 210 The suit was ultimately settled in favour of RIM Good Technology edit In June 2002 Research In Motion filed suit against 2000 start up and competitor Good Technology 211 RIM filed additional complaints throughout the year 212 In March 2004 Good agreed to a licensing deal thereby settling the outstanding litigation 213 Handspring edit On September 16 2002 Research In Motion was awarded a patent pertaining to keyboard design on hand held e mail devices Upon receiving the patent it proceeded to sue Handspring over its Treo device 212 214 Handspring eventually agreed to license RIM s patent and avoid further litigation in November of the same year 215 NTP edit See also NTP Inc RIM patent infringement litigation During the appeals RIM discovered new prior art that raised a substantial new question of patentability and filed for a reexamination of the NTP patents in the United States Patent and Trademark Office That reexamination was conducted separately to the court cases for infringement In February 2006 the USPTO rejected all of NTP s claims in three disputed patents NTP appealed the decision and the reexamination process was still ongoing as of July 2006 See NTP Inc for details On March 3 2006 RIM announced that it had settled its BlackBerry patent dispute with NTP 216 Under the terms of the settlement RIM agreed to pay NTP US 612 5 million 216 in a full and final settlement of all claims In a statement RIM said that all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief 217 Xerox edit On July 17 2003 while still embroiled in litigation with NTP and Good Technology RIM filed suit against Xerox in the U S District of Hartford Connecticut The suit was filed in response to discussions about patents held by Xerox that might affect RIM s business and also asked that patents held by Xerox be invalidated 218 Visto edit On May 1 2006 RIM was sued by Visto for infringement of four patents 219 Though the patents were widely considered invalid and in the same veins as the NTP patents with a judgement going against Visto in the U K 220 221 RIM settled the lawsuit in the United States on July 16 2009 with RIM agreeing to pay Visto US 267 5 million plus other undisclosed terms 222 Motorola edit On January 22 2010 Motorola requested that all BlackBerry smartphones be banned from being imported into the United States for infringing upon five of Motorola s patents Their patents for early stage innovations including UI power management and WiFi are in question 223 RIM countersued later the same day alleging anti competitive behaviour and that Motorola had broken a 2003 licensing agreement by refusing to extend licensing terms beyond 2008 224 The companies settled out of court on June 11 2010 225 Eatoni edit On December 5 2011 Research In Motion obtained an order granting its motion to dismiss plaintiff Eatoni s claims that RIM violated Section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act and equivalent portions of New York s Donnelly Act Eatoni alleged that RIM s alleged infringement of plaintiff s 317 patent constituted an antitrust violation Eatoni Ergonomics Inc v Research In Motion Corp No 08 Civ 10079 WHP S D N Y Dec 5 2011 Memorandum and Order p 1 Pauley J 226 Mformation edit In July 2012 a U S federal court jury awarded damages later overturned of 147 million against Research In Motion The jury decided that Research In Motion had violated patents of Mformation and calculated damages of 8 each on 18 4 million units for royalties on past sales of devices to nongovernment U S customers only not including future royalty payments inside and outside the U S 227 On August 9 2012 that verdict was overturned on appeal RIM had argued that Mformation s patent claims were invalid because the processes were already being used when Mformation filed its patent application Judge James Ware said Mformation failed to establish that RIM had infringed on the company s patent 228 Qualcomm edit On May 26 2017 BlackBerry announced that it had reached an agreement with Qualcomm Incorporated resolving all amounts payable in connection with the interim arbitration decision announced on April 12 2017 Following a joint stipulation by the parties the arbitration panel has issued a final award providing for the payment by Qualcomm to BlackBerry of a total amount of U S 940 000 000 including interest and attorneys fees net of certain royalties due from BlackBerry for calendar 2016 and the first quarter of calendar 2017 229 Facebook edit On March 8 2018 Blackberry Limited sued Facebook Inc in federal court in Los Angeles According to BlackBerry Limited Facebook has built swaths of its empire on the messaging technology which was originally developed by them during the time when the Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg was still living in a Harvard University dorm room 230 Blackberry Limited alleges that many features of the Facebook messaging service infringe on Blackberry patents 231 In January 2021 BlackBerry shares jumps 20 after settling patent dispute with Facebook 232 Controversies editThis article s criticism or controversy section may compromise the article s neutrality Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections through discussion on the talk page September 2015 Stock option scandal settlement edit In 2007 co CEO Jim Balsillie was forced to resign as chairman as the company announced a 250 million earnings restatement relating to mistakes in how it granted stock options Furthermore an internal review found that hundreds of stock option grants had been backdated timed to a low share price to make them more lucrative 233 In January 2009 Canadian regulators stated that they were seeking a record penalty of US 80 million from the top two executives co CEOs Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis Furthermore the Ontario Securities Commission OSC has pushed for Balsillie to pay the bulk of any penalty and relinquish his seat on RIM s board of directors for a period of time 234 On February 5 2009 several executives and directors of Research In Motion agreed to pay the penalties to settle an investigation into the backdating of stock options The Ontario Securities Commission approved the arrangement in a closed door meeting Under the terms of a settlement agreement with the OSC RIM co chief executive officers Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis as well as chief operating officer Dennis Kavelman will jointly pay a total of C 68 million to RIM to reimburse the company for losses from the backdating and for the costs of a long internal investigation The three are also required to pay C 9 million to the OSC Initially Balsillie had stepped down from RIM s board of directors temporarily for a year and remained in his executive role 235 236 Balsille left the Board in January 2012 and stepped down from his executive role in March 2012 Environmental record edit In November 2011 RIM was ranked 15th out of 15 electronics manufacturers in Greenpeace s re launched Guide to Greener Electronics 237 In its 2012 report on progress relating to conflict minerals the Enough Project rated RIM the sixth highest of 24 consumer electronics companies 238 Service outages edit On October 10 2011 RIM experienced one of the worst service outages in the company s history Tens of millions of BlackBerry users in Europe the Middle East Africa and North America were unable to receive or send emails and BBM messages through their phones 239 The outage was caused as a result of a core switch failure A transition to a back up switch did not function as tested causing a large backlog of data RIM said 240 Service was restored on October 13 with RIM announcing a 100 package of free premium apps for users and enterprise support extensions 241 242 Government access to encrypted communication edit After a four year stand off with the Indian government over access to RIM s secure networks the company demonstrated the ability to intercept consumer email and messaging traffic between BlackBerry handsets and make these encrypted communications available to Indian security agencies There continues to be no access to secure encrypted BlackBerry enterprise communications or corporate emails 243 except through the Canadian Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 244 See also editList of multinational corporations List of mobile phone brands by country BlackBerry article about the brand of electronic devices BlackBerry Mobile List of BlackBerry products List of mergers and acquisitions by BlackBerry Index of articles related to BlackBerry OS Science and technology in Canada nbsp Telephones portalReferences edit a b 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Greener Electronics Greenpeace International Greenpeace International Retrieved November 16 2011 Lezhnev Sasha Alex Hellmuth August 2012 Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012 PDF Enough Project Retrieved August 17 2012 Arthur Charles October 17 2011 BlackBerry service crash affects BBM messaging for millions The Guardian London BlackBerry woes caused by core switch failure AJC October 11 2011 Archived from the original on October 12 2011 Retrieved February 2 2020 BlackBerry Service Update Rim com Retrieved December 6 2011 Research In Motion Offers Free Premium Apps to Customers Following Service Interruptions Press rim com October 17 2011 Archived from the original on December 6 2011 Retrieved December 6 2011 BlackBerry maker Research in Motion agrees to hand over its encryption keys to India The Times Of India August 2 2012 Whittaker Zack Canadian police obtained BlackBerry master encryption key ZDNet Further reading editSweeny Alastair 2009 BlackBerry Planet The Story of Research in Motion and the Little Device That Took the World by Storm Mississauga Ontario John Wiley amp Sons Canada ISBN 978 0 470 15940 8 OCLC 697523721 External links editOfficial website nbsp Business data for BlackBerry Limited BloombergGoogleSEC filingsYahoo Hoovers BlackBerry Ltd profile 43 31 02 N 80 30 57 W 43 5171578 N 80 5158791 W 43 5171578 80 5158791 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title BlackBerry Limited amp oldid 1208225421, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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