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Wikipedia

Ultra-high-definition television

December 31, 2023

"Ultra HD" redirects here. For the video disc format, see Ultra HD Blu-ray. For the resolution commonly referred to as "Ultra HD", see 4K resolution.

Ultra-high-definition television (also known as Ultra HD television, Ultra HD, UHDTV, UHD and Super Hi-Vision) today includes 4K UHD and 8K UHD, which are two digital video formats with an aspect ratio of 16:9. These were first proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and later defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).[a]

Comparison of 8K UHDTV, 4K UHDTV, HDTV and SDTV resolution
Diagram of the CIE 1931 color space that shows the Rec. 2020 (UHDTV) color space in the outer triangle and Rec. 709 (HDTV) color space in the inner triangle. Both Rec. 2020 and Rec. 709 use Illuminant D65 for the white point.

The Consumer Electronics Association announced on October 17, 2012, that "Ultra High Definition", or "Ultra HD", would be used for displays that have an aspect ratio of 16:9 or wider and at least one digital input capable of carrying and presenting native video at a minimum resolution of 3840 × 2160.[5][6] In 2015, the Ultra HD Forum was created to bring together the end-to-end video production ecosystem to ensure interoperability and produce industry guidelines so that adoption of ultra-high-definition television could accelerate. From just 30 in Q3 2015, the forum published a list up to 55 commercial services available around the world offering 4K resolution.[7]

The "UHD Alliance", an industry consortium of content creators, distributors, and hardware manufacturers, announced during a Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2016 press conference its "Ultra HD Premium" specification, which defines resolution, bit depth, color gamut, high dynamic range (HDR) performance required for Ultra HD (UHDTV) content and displays to carry their Ultra HD Premium logo.[b]

Alternative terms edit

Ultra-high-definition television is also known as Ultra HD, UHD, UHDTV, and 4K.[13][14][15][16][17] In Japan, 8K UHDTV will be known as Super Hi-Vision since Hi-Vision was the term used in Japan for HDTV.[18][19] In the consumer electronics market companies had previously only used the term 4K at the 2012 CES but that had changed to "Ultra HD" during CES 2013.[16][17] "Ultra HD" was selected by the Consumer Electronics Association after extensive consumer research, as the term has also been established with the introduction of "Ultra HD Blu-ray".[20]

Technical details edit

Super Hi-Vision/8K Specifications [18][19][21][22]
Number of pixels7680×4320
Aspect ratio16:9
Viewing distance0.75 H
Viewing angle100°
ColorimetryRec. 2020
Frame rate120 Hz progressive
Bit depth12 bits per channel (RGB)
Audio system22.2 surround sound
Sampling rate48/96 kHz
Audio bit depth16/20/24 bits
Number of audio channels24 ch
Upper layer9 ch
Middle layer10 ch
Lower layer3 ch
LFE2 ch
Uncompressed video bit rate144 Gbit/s
See also: Rec. 2020 and DisplayPort: DisplayID

Resolution edit

Two resolutions are defined as UHDTV:[13][14][15]

  • UHDTV-1 is 3840 pixels wide by 2160 pixels tall (8.3 megapixels), which is four times as many pixels as the 1920 × 1080 (2.07 megapixels) of current 1080p HDTV (full HDTV).
    • Also known as 2160p, and 4K UHD. Although roughly similar in resolution to 4K digital cinema formats, it should not be confused with other 4K resolutions such as the 4096 × 2160 DCI 4K/Cinema 4K. The total number of pixels of RGB stripe type is 8.3 megapixels.
  • UHDTV-2 is 7680 pixels wide by 4320 pixels tall (33.18 megapixels), also referred to as 4320p and 8K UHD, which is sixteen times as many pixels as current 1080p HDTV, which brings it closer to the detail level of 15/70 mm IMAX.[14][23][24] NHK advertises the 8K UHDTV format with 22.2 surround sound as Super Hi-Vision.

Color space, dynamic range, frame rate and resolution/aliasing edit

The human visual system has a limited ability to discern improvements in resolution when picture elements are already small enough or distant enough from the viewer. At some home viewing distances and current TV sizes, HD resolution is near the limits of resolution for the eye and increasing resolution to 4K has little perceptual impact, if consumers are beyond the critical distance (Lechner distance) to appreciate the differences in pixel count between 4K and HD. One exception is that even if resolution surpasses the resolving ability of the human eye, there is still an improvement in the way the image appears due to higher resolutions reducing spatial aliasing.

UHDTV provides other image enhancements in addition to pixel density. Specifically, dynamic range and color are greatly enhanced, and these impact saturation and contrast differences that are readily resolved greatly improve the experience of 4KTV compared to HDTV. UHDTV allows the future use of the new Rec. 2020 (UHDTV) color space which can reproduce colors that cannot be shown with the current Rec. 709 (HDTV) color space.[18]

In terms of CIE 1931 color space, the Rec. 2020 color space covers 75.8%, compared to coverage by the DCI-P3 digital cinema reference projector color space of just 53.6%, 52.1% by Adobe RGB color space, while the Rec. 709 color space covers only 35.9%.[18] UHDTV's increases in dynamic range allow not only brighter highlights but also increased detail in the greyscale. UHDTV also allows for frame rates up to 120 frames per second (fps).[15][25]

UHDTV potentially allows Rec. 2020, higher dynamic range, and higher frame rates to work on HD services without increasing resolution to 4K, providing improved quality without as high of an increase in bandwidth demand.

History edit

2001–2005 edit

 
Prototype camera head (2006)
 
Prototype camera head (2009)

The first displays capable of displaying 4K content appeared in 2001, as the IBM T220/T221 LCD monitors.

NHK researchers built a UHDTV prototype which they demonstrated in 2003.[26] They used an array of 16 HDTV recorders with a total capacity of almost 3.5 TB that could capture up to 18 minutes of test footage.[26] The camera itself was built with four 2.5-inch (64 mm) CCDs, each with a resolution of only 3840 × 2048.[26] Using two CCDs for green and one each for red and blue, they then used a spatial pixel offset method to bring it to 7680 × 4320.[26][c] Subsequently, an improved and more compact system was built using CMOS image sensor technology[27] and the CMOS image sensor system was demonstrated at Expo 2005, Aichi, Japan, the NAB 2006 and NAB 2007 conferences, Las Vegas, at IBC 2006 and IBC 2008,[28] Amsterdam, Netherlands, and CES 2009. A review of the NAB 2006 demo was published in a broadcast engineering e-newsletter.[29] Individuals at NHK and elsewhere projected that the timeframe for UHDTV to be available in domestic homes varied between 2015 and 2020 but Japan was to get it in the 2016 time frame.[30]

2006–2010 edit

On November 2, 2006, NHK demonstrated a live relay of a UHDTV program over a 260 kilometer distance by a fiber-optic network.[31] Using dense wavelength division multiplex (DWDM), 24 Gbit/s speed was achieved with a total of 16 different wavelength signals.[31]

On December 31, 2006, NHK demonstrated a live relay of their annual Kōhaku Uta Gassen over IP from Tokyo to a 450 in (11 m) screen in Osaka. Using a codec developed by NHK, the video was compressed from 24 Gbit/s to 180–600 Mbit/s and the audio was compressed from 28 Mbit/s to 7–28 Mbit/s.[32] Uncompressed, a 20-minute broadcast would require roughly 4 TB of storage.

The SMPTE first released Standard 2036 for UHDTV in 2007.[33] UHDTV was defined as having two levels, called UHDTV1 (3840 × 2160) and UHDTV2 (7680 × 4320).[33][34]

In May 2007, the NHK did an indoor demonstration at the NHK Open House in which a UHDTV signal (7680 × 4320 at 60 fps) was compressed to a 250 Mbit/s MPEG2 stream.[35] The signal was input to a 300 MHz wide band modulator and broadcast using a 500 MHz QPSK modulation.[35] This "on the air" transmission had a very limited range (less than 2 meters), but shows the feasibility of a satellite transmission in the 36,000 km orbit.[35]

In 2008, Aptina Imaging announced the introduction of a new CMOS image sensor specifically designed for the NHK UHDTV project.[36] During IBC 2008 Japan's NHK, Italy's RAI, BSkyB, Sony, Samsung, Panasonic Corporation, Sharp Corporation, and Toshiba (with various partners) demonstrated the first ever public live transmission of UHDTV, from London to the conference site in Amsterdam.[37][38]

On June 9, 2010, Panasonic announced that its professional plasma display lineup would include an 152-inch (3.9 m) plasma display with 4K resolution. At the time of announcement, it was the largest 4K display and the largest television.[39]

On September 29, 2010, the NHK partnered up and recorded The Charlatans live in the UK in the UHDTV format, before broadcasting over the internet to Japan.[40]

2011 edit

On May 19, 2011, Sharp in collaboration with NHK demonstrated a direct-view 85 in (220 cm) LCD display capable of 7680 × 4320 pixels at 10 bits per channel.[41] It was the first direct-view Super Hi-Vision-compatible display released.[42]

Before 2011, UHDTV allowed for frame rates of 24, 25, 50, and 60 fps.[34] In an ITU-R meeting during 2011, an additional frame rate was added to UHDTV of 120 fps.[43]

2012 edit

On February 23, 2012, NHK announced that with Shizuoka University they had developed an 8K sensor that can shoot video at 120 fps.[44][45][46]

In April 2012, Panasonic, in collaboration with NHK announced a 145 in (370 cm) display (7680 × 4320 at 60 fps), which has 33.2 million 0.417 mm square pixels.[47]

In April 2012, the four major South Korean terrestrial broadcasters (KBS, MBC, SBS, and EBS) announced that in the future, they would begin test broadcasts of UHDTV on channel 66 in Seoul.[48][49] At the time of the announcement, the UHDTV technical details had not yet been decided.[48][49] LG Electronics and Samsung are also involved in UHDTV test broadcasts.[49]

In May 2012, NHK showed the world's first ultra-high-definition shoulder-mount camera.[50] By reducing the size and weight of the camera, the portability had been improved, making it more maneuverable than previous prototypes, so it could be used in a wide variety of shooting situations.[50] The single-chip sensor uses a Bayer color-filter array, where only one color component is acquired per pixel.[50] Researchers at NHK also developed a high-quality up-converter, which estimates the other two color components to convert the output into full resolution video.[50]

Also in May 2012, NHK showed the ultra-high-definition imaging system it has developed in conjunction with Shizuoka University, which outputs 33.2-megapixel video at 120 fps with a color depth of 12 bits per component.[51][52] As ultra-high-definition broadcasts at full resolution are designed for large, wall-sized displays, there is a possibility that fast-moving subjects may not be clear when shot at 60 fps, so the option of 120 fps has been standardized for these situations.[51] To handle the sensor output of approximately 4 billion pixels per second with a data rate as high as 51.2 Gbit/s, a faster analog-to-digital converter has been developed to process the data from the pixels, and then a high-speed output circuit distributes the resulting digital signals into 96 parallel channels.[51] This 1.5 in (38 mm) CMOS sensor is smaller and uses less power when compared to conventional ultra-high-definition sensors, and it is also the world's first to support the full specifications of the ultra-high-definition standard.[51]

During the 2012 Summer Olympics in Great Britain, the format was publicly showcased by the world's largest broadcaster, the BBC,[53] which set up 15-meter-wide screens in London, Glasgow, and Bradford to allow viewers to see the Games in ultra-high definition.[54][55]

On May 31, 2012,[56] Sony released the VPL-VW1000ES 4K 3D Projector,[57] the world's first consumer-prosumer projector using the 4K UHDTV system, with the shutter-glasses stereoscopic 3D technology priced at US$24,999.99.[58][59]

On August 22, 2012, LG announced the world's first 3D UHDTV using the 4K system.[60]

On August 23, 2012, UHDTV was officially approved as a standard by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), standardizing both 4K and 8K resolutions for the format in ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020.[25][61]

On September 15, 2012, David Wood, Deputy Director of the EBU Technology and Development Department (who chairs the ITU working group that created Rec. 2020), told The Hollywood Reporter that South Korea plans to begin test broadcasts of 4K UHDTV next year.[62][63][64] Wood also said that many broadcasters have the opinion that going from HDTV to 8K UHDTV is too much of a leap and that it would be better to start with 4K UHDTV.[62] In the same article, Masakazu Iwaki, NHK Research senior manager, said that the NHK plan to go with 8K UHDTV is for economic reasons since directly going to 8K UHDTV would avoid an additional transition from 4K UHDTV to 8K UHDTV.[62]

On October 18, 2012, the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) announced that it had been unanimously agreed by the CEA's Board of Industry Leaders that the term "Ultra High-Definition", or "Ultra HD", would be used for displays that have a resolution of at least 8 megapixels with a vertical resolution of at least 2,160 pixels and a horizontal resolution of at least 3,840 pixels.[65][66][67][68] The Ultra HD label also requires the display to have an aspect ratio of 16:9 or wider and to have at least one digital input that can carry and present a native video signal of 3840 × 2160 without having to rely on a video scaler.[65][66][67][68] Sony announced they would market their 4K products as 4K Ultra High-Definition (4K UHD).[69]

On October 23, 2012, Ortus Technology Co., Ltd announced the development of the world's smallest 3840 × 2160 pixel LCD panel with a size of 9.6 in (24 cm) and a pixel density of 458 px/in.[70][71][72] The LCD panel is designed for medical equipment and professional video equipment.[70][71][72]

On October 25, 2012, LG Electronics began selling the first flat panel Ultra HD display in the United States with a resolution of 3840 × 2160.[73][74][75] The LG 84LM9600 is an 84 in (210 cm) flat panel LED-backlit LCD display with a price of US$19,999 though the retail store was selling it for US$16,999.[73][74][75]

On November 29, 2012, Sony announced the 4K Ultra HD Video Player—a hard disk server preloaded with ten 4K movies and several 4K video clips that they planned to include with the Sony XBR-84X900.[76][77][78] The preloaded 4K movies are The Amazing Spider-Man, Total Recall (2012), The Karate Kid (2010), Salt, Battle: Los Angeles, The Other Guys, Bad Teacher, That's My Boy, Taxi Driver, and The Bridge on the River Kwai.[76][77][78] Additional 4K movies and 4K video clips will be offered for the 4K Ultra HD Video Player in the future .[76][77][78]

On November 30, 2012, Red Digital Cinema Camera Company announced that they were taking pre-orders for the US$1,450 REDRAY 4K Cinema Player, which can output 4K resolution to a single 4K display or to four 1080p displays arranged in any configuration via four HDMI 1.4 connections.[79][80] Video output can be DCI 4K (4096 × 2160), 4K Ultra HD, 1080p, and 720p at frame rates of up to 60 fps with a color depth of up to 12 bpc with 4:2:2 chroma subsampling.[79] Audio output can be up to 7.1 channels.[79] Content is distributed online using the ODEMAX video service.[79] External storage can be connected using eSATA, Ethernet, USB, or a Secure Digital memory card.[79]

2013 edit

On January 6, 2013, the NHK announced that Super Hi-Vision satellite broadcasts could begin in Japan in 2016.[81]

On January 7, 2013, Eutelsat announced the first dedicated 4K Ultra HD channel.[82][83][84][85] Ateme uplinks the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC channel to the EUTELSAT 10A satellite.[82][83][84][85] The 4K Ultra HD channel has a frame rate of 50 fps and is encoded at 40 Mbit/s.[82][83][84][85] The channel started transmission on January 8, 2013.[82][83][84][85] On the same day Qualcomm CEO Paul Jacobs announced that mobile devices capable of playing and recording 4K Ultra HD video would be released in 2013[needs update] using the Snapdragon 800 chip.[86][87][88]

On January 8, 2013, Broadcom announced the BCM7445, an Ultra HD decoding chip capable of decoding High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) at up to 4096 × 2160 at 60 fps.[89][90][91][92] The BCM7445 is a 28 nm ARM architecture chip capable of 21,000 Dhrystone MIPS with volume production estimated for the middle of 2014.[89][90][91][92] On the same day THX announced the "THX 4K Certification" program for Ultra HD displays.[93][94][95] The certification involves up to 600 tests and the goal of the program is so that "content viewed on a THX Certified Ultra HD display meets the most exacting video standards achievable in a consumer television today".[93][94][95]

On January 14, 2013, Blu-ray Disc Association president Andy Parsons stated that a task force created three months ago is studying an extension to the Blu-ray Disc specification that would add support for 4K Ultra HD video.[96][97]

On January 25, 2013, the BBC announced that the BBC Natural History Unit would produce Survival—the first wildlife TV series recorded in 4K resolution. This was announced after the BBC had experimented with 8K during the London Olympics.[98][99]

On January 27, 2013, Asahi Shimbun reported that 4K Ultra HD satellite broadcasts would start in Japan with the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[99][100][101] Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications decided on this move to stimulate demand for 4K Ultra HD TVs.[99][100][101]

On February 21, 2013, Sony announced that the PlayStation 4 would support 4K resolution output for photos and videos but wouldn't render games at that resolution.[102][103]

On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) announced a call for proposals for the ATSC 3.0 physical layer that specifies support for 3840 × 2160 resolution at 60 fps.[104][105][106][107]

On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North America.[108][109][110][111] The channel is licensed by the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission to provide educational content.[112]

On April 19, 2013, SES announced the first Ultra HD transmission using the HEVC standard.[113][114][115] The transmission had a resolution of 3840 × 2160 and a bit rate of 20 Mbit/s.[113][114][115]

On May 9, 2013, NHK and Mitsubishi Electric announced that they had jointly developed the first HEVC encoder for 8K Ultra HD TV, which is also called Super Hi-Vision (SHV).[116][117][118][119] The HEVC encoder supports the Main 10 profile at Level 6.1 allowing it to encode 10 bpc video with a resolution of 7680 × 4320 at 60 fps.[116][117][118][119] The HEVC encoder has 17 3G-SDI inputs and uses 17 boards for parallel processing with each board encoding a row of 7680 × 256 pixels to allow for real time video encoding.[116][117][118][119] The HEVC encoder is compliant with draft 4 of the HEVC standard and has a maximum bit rate of 340 Mbit/s.[120] The HEVC encoder was shown at the NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories Open House 2013 that took place from 30 May to June 2.[116][118][121] At the NHK Open House 2013 the HEVC encoder used a bit rate of 85 Mbit/s, which gives a compression ratio of 350∶1.[122][123]

On May 21, 2013, Microsoft announced the Xbox One, which supports 4K resolution (3840 × 2160) video output and 7.1 surround sound.[124][125][126] Yusuf Mehdi, corporate vice president of marketing and strategy for Microsoft, has stated that there is no hardware restriction that would prevent Xbox One games from running at 4K resolution.[125]

On May 30, 2013, Eye IO announced that their encoding technology was licensed by Sony Pictures Entertainment to deliver 4K Ultra HD video.[127][128] Eye IO encodes their video assets at 3840 × 2160 and includes support for the xvYCC color space.[127][128]

In mid-2013, a Chinese television manufacturer produced the first 50-inch UHD television set costing less than $1,000.[129]

On June 11, 2013, Comcast announced that they had demonstrated the first public U.S.-based delivery of 4K Ultra HD video at the 2013 NCTA show.[130][131] The demonstration included segments from Oblivion, Defiance, and nature content sent over a DOCSIS 3.0 network.[131]

On June 13, 2013, ESPN announced that they would end the broadcast of the ESPN 3D channel by the end of that year and would "...experiment with things like UHDTV."[132]

On June 26, 2013, Sharp announced the LC-70UD1U, which is a 70 in (180 cm) 4K Ultra HD TV.[133][134] The LC-70UD1U is the world's first TV with THX 4K certification.[133][134]

On July 2, 2013, Jimmy Kimmel Live! recorded in 4K Ultra HD a performance by musical guest Karmin, and the video clip was used as demonstration material at Sony stores.[135]

On July 3, 2013, Sony announced the release of their 4K Ultra HD Media Player with a price of US$7.99 for rentals and US$29.99 for purchases.[136][137] The 4K Ultra HD Media Player only worked with Sony's 4K Ultra HD TVs.[137]

On July 15, 2013, the CTA published CTA-861-F, a standard that applies to interfaces such as DVI, HDMI, and LVDS.[138] The CTA-861-F standard adds support for several Ultra HD video formats and additional color spaces.[138]

On September 2, 2013 Acer announced the first smartphone, dubbed Liquid S2, capable of recording 4K video.[139]

On September 4, 2013, the HDMI Forum released the HDMI 2.0 specification, which supports 4K resolution at 60 fps.[140] On the same day, Panasonic announced the Panasonic TC-L65WT600—the first 4K TV to support 4K resolution at 60 FPS.[141][142] The Panasonic TC-L65WT600 has a 65 in (170 cm) screen, support for DisplayPort 1.2a, support for HDMI 2.0, an expected ship date of October, and a suggested retail price of US$5,999.[141][142]

On September 12–17, 2013,[143] at the 2013 IBC Conference in Amsterdam, Nagra introduced an Ultra HD User Interface called Project Ultra based on HTML5, which works with OpenTV 5.[144]

On October 4, 2013, DigitalEurope announced the requirements for their UHD logo in Europe.[145] The DigitalEurope UHD logo requires that the display support a resolution of at least 3840 × 2160, a 16∶9 aspect ratio, the Rec. 709 (HDTV) color space, 8 bpc color depth, a frame rate of 24, 25, 30, 50, or 60 fps, and at least 2-channel audio.[145]

On October 29, 2013, Elemental Technologies announced support for real-time 4K Ultra HD HEVC video processing. Elemental provided live video streaming of the 2013 Osaka Marathon on October 27, 2013, in a workflow designed by K-Opticom, a telecommunications operator in Japan. Live coverage of the race in 4K Ultra HD was available to viewers at the International Exhibition Center in Osaka. This transmission of 4K Ultra HD HEVC video in real-time was an industry-first.[146]

On November 28, 2013, Organizing Committee of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi chief Dmitri Chernyshenko stated that the 2014 Olympic Winter Games would be shot in 8K Super Hi-Vision.[147]

On December 25, 2013, YouTube added a "2160p 4K" option to its videoplayer. Previously, a visitor had to select the "original" setting in the video quality menu to watch a video in 4K resolution. With the new setting, YouTube users can much more easily identify and play 4K videos.[148]

On December 30, 2013, Samsung announced availability of its 110 in (280 cm) Ultra HDTV for custom orders, making this the world's largest Ultra HDTV so far.[149]

2014 edit

On January 22, 2014, European Southern Observatory became the first scientific organization to deliver Ultra HD footage at regular intervals.[150]

On May 6, 2014, France announced[151] DVB-T2 tests in Paris for Ultra HD HEVC broadcast with objectives to replace by 2020 the current DVB-T MPEG4 HD national broadcast.

On May 26, 2014, satellite operator Eutelsat announced[152] the launch of Europe's first Ultra HD demo channel in HEVC, broadcasting at 50 fps. The channel is available on the Hot Bird satellites and can be watched by viewers with 4K TVs equipped with DVB-S2 demodulators and HEVC decoders.

In June 2014, the FIFA World Cup of that year (held in Brazil) became the first shot entirely in 4K Ultra HD, by Sony. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) broadcast matches of the FIFA World Cup to audiences in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia in Ultra HD via SES' NSS-7 and SES-6 satellites.[153] Indian satellite TV provider unveils its plan to launch 4K UHD service early in 2015 and showcased live FIFA World Cup quarter final match in 4K UHD through Sony Entertainment Television Sony SIX.[154]

On June 24, 2014, the CEA updated the guidelines for Ultra High-Definition and released guidelines for Connected Ultra High-Definition, adding support for internet video delivered with HEVC.[155][156] The CEA is developing a UHD logo for voluntary use by companies that make products that meet CEA guidelines.[155][156] The CEA also clarified that "Ultra High-Definition", "Ultra HD", or "UHD" can be used with other modifiers and gave an example with "Ultra High-Definition TV 4K".[155][156]

On July 15, 2014, Researchers from the University of Essex both captured and delivered its graduation ceremonies in 4K UHDTV over the internet using H.264 in realtime.[157][158] The 4K video stream was published at 8 Mbit/s and 14 Mbit/s for all its 11 ceremonies, with people viewing in from countries such as Cyprus, Bulgaria, Germany, Australia, UK, and others.

On September 4, 2014, Canon Inc. announced that a firmware upgrade would add Rec. 2020 color space support to their EOS C500 and EOS C500 PL camera models and their DP-V3010 4K display.[159][160]

On September 4, 2014, Microsoft announced a firmware update for the Microsoft Lumia 1020, 930, Icon, and 1520 phones that adds 4K video recording. The update was later released by the individual phone carriers over the following weeks and months after the announcement.[161]

On September 5, 2014, the Blu-ray Disc Association announced that the 4K Blu-ray Disc specification supports 4K video at 60 fps, High Efficiency Video Coding, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range, and 10 bpc color depth.[162][163] 4K Blu-ray Disc will have a data rate of at least 50 Mbit/s and may include support for 66 GB and 100 GB discs.[162][163] 4K Blu-ray Disc began licensing in 2015, with 4K Blu-ray Disc players released late that year.[162][163]

On September 5, 2014, DigitalEurope released an Ultra HD logo for companies that meet their technical requirements.[164][165][166]

On September 11, 2014 satellite operator SES announced the first Ultra HD conditional access-protected broadcast using DVB standards at the IBC show in Amsterdam. The demonstration used a Samsung Ultra HD TV, with a standard Kudelski SmarDTV CI Plus conditional access module, to decrypt a full 3840 × 2160 pixel CAS-protected Ultra HD signal in HEVC broadcast via an SES Astra satellite at 19.2°E.[167]

On November 19, 2014, rock band Linkin Park's concert at Berlin's O2 World Arena was broadcast live in Ultra HD via an Astra 19.2°E satellite. The broadcast was encoded in the UHD 4K standard with the HEVC codec (50 fps and a 10 bpc color depth), and was a joint enterprise of satellite owner SES, SES Platform Services (later MX1, now part of SES Video) and Samsung.[168]

2015 edit

Indian satellite pay TV provider Tata Sky launched UHD service and UHD Set Top Box on 9 January 2015. The service is 4K at 50 fps and price of the UHD box is ₹5900 for existing SD/HD customers and ₹6400 for new customers. The Cricket World Cup 2015 was telecast live in 4K for free to those who own Tata Sky's UHD 4K STB.

In May 2015, France Télévisions broadcast matches from Roland Garros live in Ultra HD via the EUTELSAT 5 West A satellite in the HEVC standard. The channel "France TV Sport Ultra HD" was available via the Fransat platform for viewers in France.[169]

In May 2015, satellite operator SES announced that Europe's first free-to-air Ultra HD channel (from Germany's pearl.tv shopping channel) would launch in September 2015, broadcast in native Ultra HD via the Astra 19.2°E satellite position.[170]

In June 2015, SES launched its first Ultra HD demonstration channel for cable operators and content distributors in North America to prepare their systems and test their networks for Ultra HD delivery. The channel is broadcast from the SES-3 satellite at 103°W.[171]

In June 2015, SPI International previewed its "4K FunBox UHD" Ultra HD channel on the HOT BIRD 4K1 channel, in advance of its commercial launch on Eutelsat's HOT BIRD satellites in the autumn.[172]

In July 2015, German HD satellite broadcaster HD+ and TV equipment manufacturer TechniSat announced an Ultra HD TV set with integrated decryption for reception of existing HD+ channels (available in the Autumn) and a new Ultra HD demonstration channel due to begin broadcasting in September.[173]

On 2 August 2015, The FA Community Shield in England was broadcast in Ultra HD by broadcast company BT Sport, becoming the first live football game shown in Ultra HD on the world's first commercial Ultra HD channel. The match was shown on Europe's first Ultra HD channel, BT Sport Ultra HD where selected live English Premier League and European Champions League matches were broadcast.[174]

Fashion One 4K launched on September 2, 2015 becoming the first global Ultra HD TV channel. Reaching nearly 370 million households across the World, the fashion, lifestyle and entertainment network broadcasts via satellite from Measat at 91.5°E (for Asia Pacific, Middle East, Australia) and from SES satellites Astra 19.2°E (for Europe), SES-3 at 103°W (for North America), NSS-806 at 47.5°W (for South America).[175]

In September 2015, Eutelsat presented new consumer research, conducted by TNS and GfK, on Ultra HD and screen sales in key TV markets. The study looked at consumer exposure to Ultra HD, perceived benefits and willingness to invest in equipment and content. GfK predicts a 200% increase in Ultra HD screen sales from June to December 2015, with sales expected to reach five million by the end of the year. GfK also forecasts that Ultra HD screens in 2020 will represent more than 70% of total sales across Europe and almost 60% in the Middle East and North Africa.[176]

On 2 September 2015, Sony unveiled the Xperia Z5 Premium; the first smartphone with a 4K display.[177]

On 9 September 2015, Apple Inc. announced that their new smartphone the iPhone 6S could record video in 4K.[178]

On 6 October 2015, Microsoft unveiled the latest version of their Microsoft Surface Book laptop with a display of "over 6 million pixels" and their new phones the Microsoft Lumia 950 and 950 XL, which, aside from 4K video recording that their predecessors included, feature a display of "over 5 million pixels".[179]

On 8 December 2015, the ceremony of the opening of the Holy Door in Vatican City, which marked the beginning of the Jubilee Year of Mercy in the Roman Catholic church, was the first worldwide Ultra HD broadcast via satellite.[180] The event was produced by the Vatican Television Center with the support of Eutelsat, Sony, Globecast and DBW Communication. The team did some advanced experimentation with 4K/High Dynamic Range live images and in particular using technology developed by the BBC's R&D division and Japan's public broadcaster NHK in terms of Hybrid Log Gamma (HLG) signals.[181]

2016 edit

The "UHD Alliance", an industry consortium of content creators, distributors, and hardware manufacturers, announced Monday on January 11, 2016 during CES 2016 press conference its "Ultra HD Premium" specification, which defines resolution, bit depth, color gamut, high dynamic range (HDR) performance required for Ultra HD (UHDTV) content and displays to carry their Ultra HD Premium logo.[8][9][10][11][12]

On April 2, 2016, Ultra-high-definition television demo channel UHD1 broadcast the Le Corsaire ballet in Ultra HD live from the Vienna State Opera. The programme was produced by Astra satellite owner, SES in collaboration with European culture channel ARTE, and transmitted free-to-air, available to anyone with reception of the Astra 19.2°E satellites and an ultra HD screen equipped with an HEVC decoder.[182]

As of April 2016, The NPD Group reported that 6 million 4K UHD televisions had been sold.[183]

In May 2016, Modern Times Group, owner of the Viasat DTH platform announced the launch of Viasat Ultra HD, the first UHD channel for the Nordic region. The channel features selected live sport events especially produced in Ultra HD and launch in the autumn via the SES-5 satellite at 5°E. Viasat is also launching an Ultra HD set-top box from Samsung and a TV-module that enables existing UHD TVs to display the channel.[184] Satellite operator, SES said that the launch of Viasat Ultra HD brings the number of UHD channels (including test channels and regional versions) carried on SES satellites to 24, or 46% of all UHD channels broadcast via satellite worldwide.[185] In August 2016, Sky announced that 4K broadcasts would begin via their new Sky Q 2TB box. The opening match of the 2016-17 Premier League between Hull City and Leicester City on Sky Sports was the first 4K transmission.[186]

2017 edit

On 29 September 2017, BSAT-4a, dedicated for UHDTV programming and was also claimed "the world's first 8K satellite", was launched from the Guiana Space Centre aboard Ariane 5 rocket. BSAT-4a would be used for 2020 Summer Olympics held in Japan.[187]

Additionally, in September 2017, Kaleidescape, a manufacturer of home-theater movie players and servers made 4K UHD movies compatible with their movie store, and with their movie players.[188]

In December 2017, Qualcomm announced that their Snapdragon 845 chipset and Spectra 280 Image Signal Processor would be the first phone SoC to record video in UHD Premium.[189]

2018 edit

In April 2018, RTL started broadcasting its own UHD channel in Germany. First available at Astra 19.2°E, the Channel shows UHD productions, Formula 1, Football and Deutschland sucht den Superstar.

Satellite operator SES broadcast an 8K television signal via its satellite system for the first time in May 2018. The 8K demonstration content, with a resolution of 7680 × 4320 pixels, a frame rate of 60 fps, and 10 bpc color depth, was encoded in HEVC and transmitted at a rate of 80 Mbit/s via the Astra 3B satellite during SES's Industry Days conference in Luxembourg.[190]

In June 2018, fuboTV broadcast the 2018 FIFA World Cup live in 4K and HDR10 becoming the first OTT streaming service to do so.[191] Quarter, Semi and Final matches were available on many popular streaming devices including Apple TV, Chromecast Ultra, Fire TV, Roku and Android TVs. Content was streamed at 60 frames per second using HLS and DASH. Video was sent in fragmented MP4 containers delivering HEVC encoded video.

On December 1, 2018, NHK launched BS8K, a broadcast channel transmitting at 8K resolution.[192][193][194]

2019 edit

In February 25, 2019 at the event of 2019 Mobile World Congress, Sony announced the Xperia 1, the first smartphone featuring a ultrawide 21:9 aspect ratio 4K HDR OLED display (with a resolution of 3840 × 1644), which would be released on May 30, 2019.[195]

In May 2019, for the first time in Europe, 8K demonstration content was received via satellite without the need for a separate external receiver or decoder. At the 2019 SES Industry Days conference at Betzdorf, Luxembourg broadcast quality 8K content (with a resolution of 7680 × 4320 pixels at 50 fps) was encoded using a Spin Digital HEVC encoder (at a bit rate of 70 Mbit/s), uplinked to a single 33 MHz transponder on SES' Astra 28.2°E satellites and the downlink received and displayed on a Samsung 82 in (210 cm) Q950RB production model TV.[196]

List of 4K television channels edit

Global edit

Europe edit

Africa edit

  • BTV (Botswana)
  • E BS 4K (Ethiopia)
  • Nahoo sports+UHD (Ethiopia)
  • Nahoo sports+2 UHD (Ethiopia)
  • ETV sports UHD (Ethiopia)
  • Kana TV 4K (Ethiopia)
  • on Time sports HD (Egypt)

Americas edit

Asia edit

Oceania edit

  • Foxtel Movies Ultra HD (Australia)
  • Fox Sports Ultra HD (Australia)[214]

List of 8K television channels edit

Field trials of UHDTV over DTT networks edit

Field trials using existing digital terrestrial television (DTT) transmitters have included the following.[216]

Type Country Transmitter site Covering ERP DTT system Channel bandwidth Transmission mode Multiplex capacity Signal bit rate Video encoding standard Picture standard Audio encoding standard Center frequency
8K‑UHD Japan[217] NHK Hitoyoshi Station Hitoyoshi Area, Kumamoto Prefecture 140 W (H)
135 W (V) 		ISDB-T 6 MHz 32k
GI=1/32, 4096QAM
FEC 3/4
dual-polarized MIMO 		91.8 Mbit/s 91.0 Mbit/s MPEG-4
AVC/H.264 		7680 × 4320p
59.94 frame/s
8 bit/px 		MPEG-4 AAC
384 kbit/s 		671 MHz
(Ch 46)
NHK Mizukami Station 25 W (H)
25 W (V) 		671 MHz
(Ch 46)
NHK STRL Building Tokyo 93 W (H)
93 W (V) 		581 MHz
(Ch 31)
8K-UHD South Korea Technical Research Institute Building of Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) Yeoeuido, Seoul 10 W (H)
10 W (V) 		– 6 MHz 2k
GI=1/16, 256QAM
FEC 3/4
dual-polarized MIMO 		50.475 Mbit/s
(Single band) 		50.0 Mbit/s
(Single band) 		HEVC – – 605 MHz & 623 MHz
(Ch 36 & Ch 39)
4K-UHD Australia [218] Gore Hill Sydney 50 kW DVB-T2 7 MHz 16k extended mode
GI=1/32, 256QAM32k
FEC 3/4, PP7 		38.63 Mbit/s Variable
(some trials at 35 Mbit/s) 		HEVC 3840 × 2160p MPEG-4 AAC 212.5 MHz
(Ch 10)
Kings Cross 650 W 536.5 MHz
(Ch 29)
North Head 1 kW 536.5 MHz
(Ch 29)
4K-UHD Brazil Mt. Sumaré Parts of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area 660 W (H)
660 W (V) 		ISDB-T 8 MHz 32k extended mode
GI=1/128, 64QAM
FEC5/6, PP7 		36.72 Mbit/s 35.0 Mbit/s HEVC 3840 × 2160p
50 frame/s
8 bit/px 		E-AC-3 5.1 754 MHz
(Ch 56 in Region 1)
4K-UHD South Korea Gwanaksan South Metropolitan area of Seoul 36.7 kW DVB-T2 6 MHz 32k extended mode
GI=1/16, PP4, 256 QAM
FEC 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 		< 35.0 Mbit/s Variable
(some trials at 25~34 Mbit/s) 		HEVC Main10
Level 5.1
Max 28 Mbit/s 		3840 × 2160p
60 frame/s
8 or 10 bit/px

MPEG-H 3D Audio[219]

 761 MHz
(Ch 62)
12.9 kW 701 MHz
(Ch 52)
40.0 kW 707 MHz
(Ch 53)
Namsan Central area of Seoul 2.2 kW 761 MHz
(Ch 62)
Yongmunsan West Metropolitan area of Seoul 8.3 kW 707 MHz
(Ch 53)
4K-UHD France Eiffel Tower City of Paris 1 kW DVB-T2 8 MHz 32k extended mode
GI=1/128, 256QAM
FEC2/3, PP7 		40.2 Mbit/s Two programmes carried:
one at 22.5 Mbit/s,
one at 17.5 Mbit/s 		HEVC 3840 × 2160p
50 frame/s
8 bit/px 		HE-AAC 192 kbit/s 514 MHz
(Ch 26 in Region 1)
4K-UHD Spain ETSI Tele-comunicación Ciudad Universitaria Madrid 125 W DVB-T2 8 MHz 32k extended mode
GI=1/128, 64QAM
FEC5/6, PP7 		36.72 Mbit/s 35 Mbit/s
(other bit rates also tested) 		HEVC 3840 × 2160p
50 frame/s
8 bit/px 		E-AC-3 5.1 754 MHz
(Ch 56 in Region 1)
4K-UHD Sweden Stockholm Nacka City of Stockholm 35 kW DVB-T2 8 MHz 32k extended mode
GI=19/256, 256QAM
FEC3/5, PP4 		31.7 Mbit/s 24 Mbit/s HEVC 3840 × 2160p
29.97 frame/s
8 bit/px 		618 MHz
(Ch 39 in Region 1)
4K-UHD United Kingdom[220] Crystal Palace Greater London
(serving over 4.5 million households) 		39.8 kW DVB-T2 8 MHz 32k extended mode
GI=1/128, 256QAM
FEC 2/3, PP7 		40.2 Mbit/s Variable
(some trials at 35 Mbit/s) 		HEVC 3840 × 2160p
50 or 59.94 frame/s
8 bit/px (most) or 10 bit/px 		586 MHz
(Ch 35 in Region 1)
Winter Hill North-west England, including Manchester and Liverpool
(serving 2.7 million households) 		22.5 kW 602 MHz
(Ch 37 in Region 1)
Black Hill Central Scotland, including Glasgow and Edinburgh
(serving 1 million households) 		39 kW 586 MHz
(Ch 35 in Region 1)
4K-UHD Czech Republic[221] Žižkov Television Tower Prague – DVB-T2 8 MHz – – – HEVC 3840 × 2160p – 706 MHz
(Ch 50 in Region 1)
4K-UHD Slovakia Kamzík Bratislava 5 kW DVB-T2 32k
256QAM, FEC 3/4 		36 Mbit/s HEVC 3840 × 2160p 184.5 MHz
(Ch 6)
4K-UHD China
(P. R. of)[222]		 Jiaxing Jiaxing, Zhejiang about 1 kW
Signal radius: 39 km 		DTMB-A 8 MHz Unknown
4QAM included 		Unknown Unknown AVS2 3840 × 2160p
50 frame/s 		Unknown
Variant of DRA 		642 MHz
(Ch 29)

Status of standardization of UHDTV edit

Standards that deal with UHDTV include:

Standardization in ITU-R edit

Standards approved in ITU-R:

  • Rec. ITU-R BT.1201-1 (2004)[223]
  • Rec. ITU-R BT.1769 (2006)[224]
  • Rec. ITU-R BT.2020 (2012, revised 2014)[25][225]
  • Rec. ITU-R BT.2035-0 (07/13) A reference viewing environment for evaluation of HDTV program material or completed programmes
  • Rec. ITU-R BS.2051-0 (02/14) Advanced sound system for programme production
  • Rec. ITU-R BT.2100 (2016)

Other documents prepared or being prepared by ITU-R:

  • Report ITU-R BT.2246-3 (2014) The present state of ultra-high definition television
  • Draft New Report ITU-R BT.[UHDTV-DTT TRIALS] (Sub-Working Group 6A-1) Collection of field trials of UHDTV over DTT networks[216]

Standardization in ITU-T and MPEG edit

Standards developed in ITU-T's VCEG and ISO/IEC JTC 1's MPEG that support Ultra-HD include:

Standardization in SMPTE edit

Standardization for Europe edit

DVB approved the Standard TS 101 154 V2.1.1, published (07/2014) in the DVB Blue Book A157 Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream, which was published by ETSI in the following months.

Standardization for Japan and South Korea edit

Standards for UHDTV in South Korea have been developed by its Telecommunications Technology Association.

On August 30, 2013, the scenarios for 4K-UHDTV service were described in the Report "TTAR 07.0011: A Study on the UHDTV Service Scenarios and its Considerations".

On May 22, 2014, the technical report "TTAR-07.0013: Terrestrial 4K UHDTV Broadcasting Service" was published.

On October 13, 2014, an interim standard – "TTAI.KO-07.0123: Transmission and Reception for Terrestrial UHDTV Broadcasting Service" – was published based on HEVC encoding, with MPEG 2 TS, and DVB-T2 serving as the standards.

On June 24, 2016, a standard – "TTAK.KO-07.0127: Transmission and Reception for Terrestrial UHDTV Broadcasting Service" – was published based on HEVC encoding, with MMTP/ROUTE IP, and ATSC 3.0 serving as the standards.

See also edit

  • Rec. 2020 – ITU-R Recommendation for UHDTV
  • 4K resolution – Resolutions of common 4K formats and list of 4K-monitors, TVs, projectors
  • 8K resolution – Specifications for ~8x4K UHD and 8Kx8K fulldome
  • Ultra HD Blu-ray – 2160p / 4K (3840 × 2160 resolution) format Blu-ray Disc as specified by Blu-ray Disc Association
  • IMAX – A film theater format that historically has been innovative in creating a more realistic viewing experience
  • High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)
  • VP9 / WebM
  • 22.2 surround sound – The audio component of Super Hi-Vision

Notes edit

  1. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[1][2][3][4]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple sources:[8][9][10][11][12]
  3. ^ The resulting lines in the image alternate between pixels from the green-1 and red CCDs, and pixels from the blue and green-2 CCDs.

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ultra High Definition Television.
  • 4K TV Mag – an online magazine about Ultra HD TV
  • "What is 4K Ultra HD?" – 4K TV Mag

December 31, 2023
ultra, high, definition, television, ultra, redirects, here, video, disc, format, ultra, resolution, commonly, referred, ultra, resolution, also, known, ultra, television, ultra, uhdtv, super, vision, today, includes, which, digital, video, formats, with, aspe. Ultra HD redirects here For the video disc format see Ultra HD Blu ray For the resolution commonly referred to as Ultra HD see 4K resolution Ultra high definition television also known as Ultra HD television Ultra HD UHDTV UHD and Super Hi Vision today includes 4K UHD and 8K UHD which are two digital video formats with an aspect ratio of 16 9 These were first proposed by NHK Science amp Technology Research Laboratories and later defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union ITU a Comparison of 8K UHDTV 4K UHDTV HDTV and SDTV resolutionDiagram of the CIE 1931 color space that shows the Rec 2020 UHDTV color space in the outer triangle and Rec 709 HDTV color space in the inner triangle Both Rec 2020 and Rec 709 use Illuminant D65 for the white point The Consumer Electronics Association announced on October 17 2012 that Ultra High Definition or Ultra HD would be used for displays that have an aspect ratio of 16 9 or wider and at least one digital input capable of carrying and presenting native video at a minimum resolution of 3840 2160 5 6 In 2015 the Ultra HD Forum was created to bring together the end to end video production ecosystem to ensure interoperability and produce industry guidelines so that adoption of ultra high definition television could accelerate From just 30 in Q3 2015 the forum published a list up to 55 commercial services available around the world offering 4K resolution 7 The UHD Alliance an industry consortium of content creators distributors and hardware manufacturers announced during a Consumer Electronics Show CES 2016 press conference its Ultra HD Premium specification which defines resolution bit depth color gamut high dynamic range HDR performance required for Ultra HD UHDTV content and displays to carry their Ultra HD Premium logo b Contents 1 Alternative terms 2 Technical details 2 1 Resolution 2 2 Color space dynamic range frame rate and resolution aliasing 3 History 3 1 2001 2005 3 2 2006 2010 3 3 2011 3 4 2012 3 5 2013 3 6 2014 3 7 2015 3 8 2016 3 9 2017 3 10 2018 3 11 2019 4 List of 4K television channels 4 1 Global 4 2 Europe 4 3 Africa 4 4 Americas 4 5 Asia 4 6 Oceania 5 List of 8K television channels 6 Field trials of UHDTV over DTT networks 7 Status of standardization of UHDTV 7 1 Standardization in ITU R 7 2 Standardization in ITU T and MPEG 7 3 Standardization in SMPTE 7 4 Standardization for Europe 7 5 Standardization for Japan and South Korea 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksAlternative terms editUltra high definition television is also known as Ultra HD UHD UHDTV and 4K 13 14 15 16 17 In Japan 8K UHDTV will be known as Super Hi Vision since Hi Vision was the term used in Japan for HDTV 18 19 In the consumer electronics market companies had previously only used the term 4K at the 2012 CES but that had changed to Ultra HD during CES 2013 16 17 Ultra HD was selected by the Consumer Electronics Association after extensive consumer research as the term has also been established with the introduction of Ultra HD Blu ray 20 Technical details editSuper Hi Vision 8K Specifications 18 19 21 22 Number of pixels7680 4320Aspect ratio16 9Viewing distance0 75 HViewing angle100 ColorimetryRec 2020Frame rate120 Hz progressiveBit depth12 bits per channel RGB Audio system22 2 surround soundSampling rate48 96 kHzAudio bit depth16 20 24 bitsNumber of audio channels24 chUpper layer9 chMiddle layer10 chLower layer3 chLFE2 chUncompressed video bit rate144 Gbit sSee also Rec 2020 and DisplayPort DisplayID Resolution edit Two resolutions are defined as UHDTV 13 14 15 UHDTV 1 is 3840 pixels wide by 2160 pixels tall 8 3 megapixels which is four times as many pixels as the 1920 1080 2 07 megapixels of current 1080p HDTV full HDTV Also known as 2160p and 4K UHD Although roughly similar in resolution to 4K digital cinema formats it should not be confused with other 4K resolutions such as the 4096 2160 DCI 4K Cinema 4K The total number of pixels of RGB stripe type is 8 3 megapixels UHDTV 2 is 7680 pixels wide by 4320 pixels tall 33 18 megapixels also referred to as 4320p and 8K UHD which is sixteen times as many pixels as current 1080p HDTV which brings it closer to the detail level of 15 70 mm IMAX 14 23 24 NHK advertises the 8K UHDTV format with 22 2 surround sound as Super Hi Vision Color space dynamic range frame rate and resolution aliasing edit The human visual system has a limited ability to discern improvements in resolution when picture elements are already small enough or distant enough from the viewer At some home viewing distances and current TV sizes HD resolution is near the limits of resolution for the eye and increasing resolution to 4K has little perceptual impact if consumers are beyond the critical distance Lechner distance to appreciate the differences in pixel count between 4K and HD One exception is that even if resolution surpasses the resolving ability of the human eye there is still an improvement in the way the image appears due to higher resolutions reducing spatial aliasing UHDTV provides other image enhancements in addition to pixel density Specifically dynamic range and color are greatly enhanced and these impact saturation and contrast differences that are readily resolved greatly improve the experience of 4KTV compared to HDTV UHDTV allows the future use of the new Rec 2020 UHDTV color space which can reproduce colors that cannot be shown with the current Rec 709 HDTV color space 18 In terms of CIE 1931 color space the Rec 2020 color space covers 75 8 compared to coverage by the DCI P3 digital cinema reference projector color space of just 53 6 52 1 by Adobe RGB color space while the Rec 709 color space covers only 35 9 18 UHDTV s increases in dynamic range allow not only brighter highlights but also increased detail in the greyscale UHDTV also allows for frame rates up to 120 frames per second fps 15 25 UHDTV potentially allows Rec 2020 higher dynamic range and higher frame rates to work on HD services without increasing resolution to 4K providing improved quality without as high of an increase in bandwidth demand History edit2001 2005 edit nbsp Prototype camera head 2006 nbsp Prototype camera head 2009 The first displays capable of displaying 4K content appeared in 2001 as the IBM T220 T221 LCD monitors NHK researchers built a UHDTV prototype which they demonstrated in 2003 26 They used an array of 16 HDTV recorders with a total capacity of almost 3 5 TB that could capture up to 18 minutes of test footage 26 The camera itself was built with four 2 5 inch 64 mm CCDs each with a resolution of only 3840 2048 26 Using two CCDs for green and one each for red and blue they then used a spatial pixel offset method to bring it to 7680 4320 26 c Subsequently an improved and more compact system was built using CMOS image sensor technology 27 and the CMOS image sensor system was demonstrated at Expo 2005 Aichi Japan the NAB 2006 and NAB 2007 conferences Las Vegas at IBC 2006 and IBC 2008 28 Amsterdam Netherlands and CES 2009 A review of the NAB 2006 demo was published in a broadcast engineering e newsletter 29 Individuals at NHK and elsewhere projected that the timeframe for UHDTV to be available in domestic homes varied between 2015 and 2020 but Japan was to get it in the 2016 time frame 30 2006 2010 edit On November 2 2006 NHK demonstrated a live relay of a UHDTV program over a 260 kilometer distance by a fiber optic network 31 Using dense wavelength division multiplex DWDM 24 Gbit s speed was achieved with a total of 16 different wavelength signals 31 On December 31 2006 NHK demonstrated a live relay of their annual Kōhaku Uta Gassen over IP from Tokyo to a 450 in 11 m screen in Osaka Using a codec developed by NHK the video was compressed from 24 Gbit s to 180 600 Mbit s and the audio was compressed from 28 Mbit s to 7 28 Mbit s 32 Uncompressed a 20 minute broadcast would require roughly 4 TB of storage The SMPTE first released Standard 2036 for UHDTV in 2007 33 UHDTV was defined as having two levels called UHDTV1 3840 2160 and UHDTV2 7680 4320 33 34 In May 2007 the NHK did an indoor demonstration at the NHK Open House in which a UHDTV signal 7680 4320 at 60 fps was compressed to a 250 Mbit s MPEG2 stream 35 The signal was input to a 300 MHz wide band modulator and broadcast using a 500 MHz QPSK modulation 35 This on the air transmission had a very limited range less than 2 meters but shows the feasibility of a satellite transmission in the 36 000 km orbit 35 In 2008 Aptina Imaging announced the introduction of a new CMOS image sensor specifically designed for the NHK UHDTV project 36 During IBC 2008 Japan s NHK Italy s RAI BSkyB Sony Samsung Panasonic Corporation Sharp Corporation and Toshiba with various partners demonstrated the first ever public live transmission of UHDTV from London to the conference site in Amsterdam 37 38 On June 9 2010 Panasonic announced that its professional plasma display lineup would include an 152 inch 3 9 m plasma display with 4K resolution At the time of announcement it was the largest 4K display and the largest television 39 On September 29 2010 the NHK partnered up and recorded The Charlatans live in the UK in the UHDTV format before broadcasting over the internet to Japan 40 2011 edit On May 19 2011 Sharp in collaboration with NHK demonstrated a direct view 85 in 220 cm LCD display capable of 7680 4320 pixels at 10 bits per channel 41 It was the first direct view Super Hi Vision compatible display released 42 Before 2011 UHDTV allowed for frame rates of 24 25 50 and 60 fps 34 In an ITU R meeting during 2011 an additional frame rate was added to UHDTV of 120 fps 43 2012 edit On February 23 2012 NHK announced that with Shizuoka University they had developed an 8K sensor that can shoot video at 120 fps 44 45 46 In April 2012 Panasonic in collaboration with NHK announced a 145 in 370 cm display 7680 4320 at 60 fps which has 33 2 million 0 417 mm square pixels 47 In April 2012 the four major South Korean terrestrial broadcasters KBS MBC SBS and EBS announced that in the future they would begin test broadcasts of UHDTV on channel 66 in Seoul 48 49 At the time of the announcement the UHDTV technical details had not yet been decided 48 49 LG Electronics and Samsung are also involved in UHDTV test broadcasts 49 In May 2012 NHK showed the world s first ultra high definition shoulder mount camera 50 By reducing the size and weight of the camera the portability had been improved making it more maneuverable than previous prototypes so it could be used in a wide variety of shooting situations 50 The single chip sensor uses a Bayer color filter array where only one color component is acquired per pixel 50 Researchers at NHK also developed a high quality up converter which estimates the other two color components to convert the output into full resolution video 50 Also in May 2012 NHK showed the ultra high definition imaging system it has developed in conjunction with Shizuoka University which outputs 33 2 megapixel video at 120 fps with a color depth of 12 bits per component 51 52 As ultra high definition broadcasts at full resolution are designed for large wall sized displays there is a possibility that fast moving subjects may not be clear when shot at 60 fps so the option of 120 fps has been standardized for these situations 51 To handle the sensor output of approximately 4 billion pixels per second with a data rate as high as 51 2 Gbit s a faster analog to digital converter has been developed to process the data from the pixels and then a high speed output circuit distributes the resulting digital signals into 96 parallel channels 51 This 1 5 in 38 mm CMOS sensor is smaller and uses less power when compared to conventional ultra high definition sensors and it is also the world s first to support the full specifications of the ultra high definition standard 51 During the 2012 Summer Olympics in Great Britain the format was publicly showcased by the world s largest broadcaster the BBC 53 which set up 15 meter wide screens in London Glasgow and Bradford to allow viewers to see the Games in ultra high definition 54 55 On May 31 2012 56 Sony released the VPL VW1000ES 4K 3D Projector 57 the world s first consumer prosumer projector using the 4K UHDTV system with the shutter glasses stereoscopic 3D technology priced at US 24 999 99 58 59 On August 22 2012 LG announced the world s first 3D UHDTV using the 4K system 60 On August 23 2012 UHDTV was officially approved as a standard by the International Telecommunication Union ITU standardizing both 4K and 8K resolutions for the format in ITU R Recommendation BT 2020 25 61 On September 15 2012 David Wood Deputy Director of the EBU Technology and Development Department who chairs the ITU working group that created Rec 2020 told The Hollywood Reporter that South Korea plans to begin test broadcasts of 4K UHDTV next year 62 63 64 Wood also said that many broadcasters have the opinion that going from HDTV to 8K UHDTV is too much of a leap and that it would be better to start with 4K UHDTV 62 In the same article Masakazu Iwaki NHK Research senior manager said that the NHK plan to go with 8K UHDTV is for economic reasons since directly going to 8K UHDTV would avoid an additional transition from 4K UHDTV to 8K UHDTV 62 On October 18 2012 the Consumer Electronics Association CEA announced that it had been unanimously agreed by the CEA s Board of Industry Leaders that the term Ultra High Definition or Ultra HD would be used for displays that have a resolution of at least 8 megapixels with a vertical resolution of at least 2 160 pixels and a horizontal resolution of at least 3 840 pixels 65 66 67 68 The Ultra HD label also requires the display to have an aspect ratio of 16 9 or wider and to have at least one digital input that can carry and present a native video signal of 3840 2160 without having to rely on a video scaler 65 66 67 68 Sony announced they would market their 4K products as 4K Ultra High Definition 4K UHD 69 On October 23 2012 Ortus Technology Co Ltd announced the development of the world s smallest 3840 2160 pixel LCD panel with a size of 9 6 in 24 cm and a pixel density of 458 px in 70 71 72 The LCD panel is designed for medical equipment and professional video equipment 70 71 72 On October 25 2012 LG Electronics began selling the first flat panel Ultra HD display in the United States with a resolution of 3840 2160 73 74 75 The LG 84LM9600 is an 84 in 210 cm flat panel LED backlit LCD display with a price of US 19 999 though the retail store was selling it for US 16 999 73 74 75 On November 29 2012 Sony announced the 4K Ultra HD Video Player a hard disk server preloaded with ten 4K movies and several 4K video clips that they planned to include with the Sony XBR 84X900 76 77 78 The preloaded 4K movies are The Amazing Spider Man Total Recall 2012 The Karate Kid 2010 Salt Battle Los Angeles The Other Guys Bad Teacher That s My Boy Taxi Driver and The Bridge on the River Kwai 76 77 78 Additional 4K movies and 4K video clips will be offered for the 4K Ultra HD Video Player in the future 76 77 78 On November 30 2012 Red Digital Cinema Camera Company announced that they were taking pre orders for the US 1 450 REDRAY 4K Cinema Player which can output 4K resolution to a single 4K display or to four 1080p displays arranged in any configuration via four HDMI 1 4 connections 79 80 Video output can be DCI 4K 4096 2160 4K Ultra HD 1080p and 720p at frame rates of up to 60 fps with a color depth of up to 12 bpc with 4 2 2 chroma subsampling 79 Audio output can be up to 7 1 channels 79 Content is distributed online using the ODEMAX video service 79 External storage can be connected using eSATA Ethernet USB or a Secure Digital memory card 79 2013 edit On January 6 2013 the NHK announced that Super Hi Vision satellite broadcasts could begin in Japan in 2016 81 On January 7 2013 Eutelsat announced the first dedicated 4K Ultra HD channel 82 83 84 85 Ateme uplinks the H 264 MPEG 4 AVC channel to the EUTELSAT 10A satellite 82 83 84 85 The 4K Ultra HD channel has a frame rate of 50 fps and is encoded at 40 Mbit s 82 83 84 85 The channel started transmission on January 8 2013 82 83 84 85 On the same day Qualcomm CEO Paul Jacobs announced that mobile devices capable of playing and recording 4K Ultra HD video would be released in 2013 needs update using the Snapdragon 800 chip 86 87 88 On January 8 2013 Broadcom announced the BCM7445 an Ultra HD decoding chip capable of decoding High Efficiency Video Coding HEVC at up to 4096 2160 at 60 fps 89 90 91 92 The BCM7445 is a 28 nm ARM architecture chip capable of 21 000 Dhrystone MIPS with volume production estimated for the middle of 2014 89 90 91 92 On the same day THX announced the THX 4K Certification program for Ultra HD displays 93 94 95 The certification involves up to 600 tests and the goal of the program is so that content viewed on a THX Certified Ultra HD display meets the most exacting video standards achievable in a consumer television today 93 94 95 On January 14 2013 Blu ray Disc Association president Andy Parsons stated that a task force created three months ago is studying an extension to the Blu ray Disc specification that would add support for 4K Ultra HD video 96 97 On January 25 2013 the BBC announced that the BBC Natural History Unit would produce Survival the first wildlife TV series recorded in 4K resolution This was announced after the BBC had experimented with 8K during the London Olympics 98 99 On January 27 2013 Asahi Shimbun reported that 4K Ultra HD satellite broadcasts would start in Japan with the 2014 FIFA World Cup 99 100 101 Japan s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications decided on this move to stimulate demand for 4K Ultra HD TVs 99 100 101 On February 21 2013 Sony announced that the PlayStation 4 would support 4K resolution output for photos and videos but wouldn t render games at that resolution 102 103 On March 26 2013 the Advanced Television Systems Committee ATSC announced a call for proposals for the ATSC 3 0 physical layer that specifies support for 3840 2160 resolution at 60 fps 104 105 106 107 On April 11 2013 Bulb TV created by Canadian entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North America 108 109 110 111 The channel is licensed by the Canadian Radio Television and Telecommunications Commission to provide educational content 112 On April 19 2013 SES announced the first Ultra HD transmission using the HEVC standard 113 114 115 The transmission had a resolution of 3840 2160 and a bit rate of 20 Mbit s 113 114 115 On May 9 2013 NHK and Mitsubishi Electric announced that they had jointly developed the first HEVC encoder for 8K Ultra HD TV which is also called Super Hi Vision SHV 116 117 118 119 The HEVC encoder supports the Main 10 profile at Level 6 1 allowing it to encode 10 bpc video with a resolution of 7680 4320 at 60 fps 116 117 118 119 The HEVC encoder has 17 3G SDI inputs and uses 17 boards for parallel processing with each board encoding a row of 7680 256 pixels to allow for real time video encoding 116 117 118 119 The HEVC encoder is compliant with draft 4 of the HEVC standard and has a maximum bit rate of 340 Mbit s 120 The HEVC encoder was shown at the NHK Science amp Technology Research Laboratories Open House 2013 that took place from 30 May to June 2 116 118 121 At the NHK Open House 2013 the HEVC encoder used a bit rate of 85 Mbit s which gives a compression ratio of 350 1 122 123 On May 21 2013 Microsoft announced the Xbox One which supports 4K resolution 3840 2160 video output and 7 1 surround sound 124 125 126 Yusuf Mehdi corporate vice president of marketing and strategy for Microsoft has stated that there is no hardware restriction that would prevent Xbox One games from running at 4K resolution 125 On May 30 2013 Eye IO announced that their encoding technology was licensed by Sony Pictures Entertainment to deliver 4K Ultra HD video 127 128 Eye IO encodes their video assets at 3840 2160 and includes support for the xvYCC color space 127 128 In mid 2013 a Chinese television manufacturer produced the first 50 inch UHD television set costing less than 1 000 129 On June 11 2013 Comcast announced that they had demonstrated the first public U S based delivery of 4K Ultra HD video at the 2013 NCTA show 130 131 The demonstration included segments from Oblivion Defiance and nature content sent over a DOCSIS 3 0 network 131 On June 13 2013 ESPN announced that they would end the broadcast of the ESPN 3D channel by the end of that year and would experiment with things like UHDTV 132 On June 26 2013 Sharp announced the LC 70UD1U which is a 70 in 180 cm 4K Ultra HD TV 133 134 The LC 70UD1U is the world s first TV with THX 4K certification 133 134 On July 2 2013 Jimmy Kimmel Live recorded in 4K Ultra HD a performance by musical guest Karmin and the video clip was used as demonstration material at Sony stores 135 On July 3 2013 Sony announced the release of their 4K Ultra HD Media Player with a price of US 7 99 for rentals and US 29 99 for purchases 136 137 The 4K Ultra HD Media Player only worked with Sony s 4K Ultra HD TVs 137 On July 15 2013 the CTA published CTA 861 F a standard that applies to interfaces such as DVI HDMI and LVDS 138 The CTA 861 F standard adds support for several Ultra HD video formats and additional color spaces 138 On September 2 2013 Acer announced the first smartphone dubbed Liquid S2 capable of recording 4K video 139 On September 4 2013 the HDMI Forum released the HDMI 2 0 specification which supports 4K resolution at 60 fps 140 On the same day Panasonic announced the Panasonic TC L65WT600 the first 4K TV to support 4K resolution at 60 FPS 141 142 The Panasonic TC L65WT600 has a 65 in 170 cm screen support for DisplayPort 1 2a support for HDMI 2 0 an expected ship date of October and a suggested retail price of US 5 999 141 142 On September 12 17 2013 143 at the 2013 IBC Conference in Amsterdam Nagra introduced an Ultra HD User Interface called Project Ultra based on HTML5 which works with OpenTV 5 144 On October 4 2013 DigitalEurope announced the requirements for their UHD logo in Europe 145 The DigitalEurope UHD logo requires that the display support a resolution of at least 3840 2160 a 16 9 aspect ratio the Rec 709 HDTV color space 8 bpc color depth a frame rate of 24 25 30 50 or 60 fps and at least 2 channel audio 145 On October 29 2013 Elemental Technologies announced support for real time 4K Ultra HD HEVC video processing Elemental provided live video streaming of the 2013 Osaka Marathon on October 27 2013 in a workflow designed by K Opticom a telecommunications operator in Japan Live coverage of the race in 4K Ultra HD was available to viewers at the International Exhibition Center in Osaka This transmission of 4K Ultra HD HEVC video in real time was an industry first 146 On November 28 2013 Organizing Committee of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi chief Dmitri Chernyshenko stated that the 2014 Olympic Winter Games would be shot in 8K Super Hi Vision 147 On December 25 2013 YouTube added a 2160p 4K option to its videoplayer Previously a visitor had to select the original setting in the video quality menu to watch a video in 4K resolution With the new setting YouTube users can much more easily identify and play 4K videos 148 On December 30 2013 Samsung announced availability of its 110 in 280 cm Ultra HDTV for custom orders making this the world s largest Ultra HDTV so far 149 2014 edit On January 22 2014 European Southern Observatory became the first scientific organization to deliver Ultra HD footage at regular intervals 150 On May 6 2014 France announced 151 DVB T2 tests in Paris for Ultra HD HEVC broadcast with objectives to replace by 2020 the current DVB T MPEG4 HD national broadcast On May 26 2014 satellite operator Eutelsat announced 152 the launch of Europe s first Ultra HD demo channel in HEVC broadcasting at 50 fps The channel is available on the Hot Bird satellites and can be watched by viewers with 4K TVs equipped with DVB S2 demodulators and HEVC decoders In June 2014 the FIFA World Cup of that year held in Brazil became the first shot entirely in 4K Ultra HD by Sony The European Broadcasting Union EBU broadcast matches of the FIFA World Cup to audiences in North America Latin America Europe and Asia in Ultra HD via SES NSS 7 and SES 6 satellites 153 Indian satellite TV provider unveils its plan to launch 4K UHD service early in 2015 and showcased live FIFA World Cup quarter final match in 4K UHD through Sony Entertainment Television Sony SIX 154 On June 24 2014 the CEA updated the guidelines for Ultra High Definition and released guidelines for Connected Ultra High Definition adding support for internet video delivered with HEVC 155 156 The CEA is developing a UHD logo for voluntary use by companies that make products that meet CEA guidelines 155 156 The CEA also clarified that Ultra High Definition Ultra HD or UHD can be used with other modifiers and gave an example with Ultra High Definition TV 4K 155 156 On July 15 2014 Researchers from the University of Essex both captured and delivered its graduation ceremonies in 4K UHDTV over the internet using H 264 in realtime 157 158 The 4K video stream was published at 8 Mbit s and 14 Mbit s for all its 11 ceremonies with people viewing in from countries such as Cyprus Bulgaria Germany Australia UK and others On September 4 2014 Canon Inc announced that a firmware upgrade would add Rec 2020 color space support to their EOS C500 and EOS C500 PL camera models and their DP V3010 4K display 159 160 On September 4 2014 Microsoft announced a firmware update for the Microsoft Lumia 1020 930 Icon and 1520 phones that adds 4K video recording The update was later released by the individual phone carriers over the following weeks and months after the announcement 161 On September 5 2014 the Blu ray Disc Association announced that the 4K Blu ray Disc specification supports 4K video at 60 fps High Efficiency Video Coding the Rec 2020 color space high dynamic range and 10 bpc color depth 162 163 4K Blu ray Disc will have a data rate of at least 50 Mbit s and may include support for 66 GB and 100 GB discs 162 163 4K Blu ray Disc began licensing in 2015 with 4K Blu ray Disc players released late that year 162 163 On September 5 2014 DigitalEurope released an Ultra HD logo for companies that meet their technical requirements 164 165 166 On September 11 2014 satellite operator SES announced the first Ultra HD conditional access protected broadcast using DVB standards at the IBC show in Amsterdam The demonstration used a Samsung Ultra HD TV with a standard Kudelski SmarDTV CI Plus conditional access module to decrypt a full 3840 2160 pixel CAS protected Ultra HD signal in HEVC broadcast via an SES Astra satellite at 19 2 E 167 On November 19 2014 rock band Linkin Park s concert at Berlin s O2 World Arena was broadcast live in Ultra HD via an Astra 19 2 E satellite The broadcast was encoded in the UHD 4K standard with the HEVC codec 50 fps and a 10 bpc color depth and was a joint enterprise of satellite owner SES SES Platform Services later MX1 now part of SES Video and Samsung 168 2015 edit Indian satellite pay TV provider Tata Sky launched UHD service and UHD Set Top Box on 9 January 2015 The service is 4K at 50 fps and price of the UHD box is 5900 for existing SD HD customers and 6400 for new customers The Cricket World Cup 2015 was telecast live in 4K for free to those who own Tata Sky s UHD 4K STB In May 2015 France Televisions broadcast matches from Roland Garros live in Ultra HD via the EUTELSAT 5 West A satellite in the HEVC standard The channel France TV Sport Ultra HD was available via the Fransat platform for viewers in France 169 In May 2015 satellite operator SES announced that Europe s first free to air Ultra HD channel from Germany s pearl tv shopping channel would launch in September 2015 broadcast in native Ultra HD via the Astra 19 2 E satellite position 170 In June 2015 SES launched its first Ultra HD demonstration channel for cable operators and content distributors in North America to prepare their systems and test their networks for Ultra HD delivery The channel is broadcast from the SES 3 satellite at 103 W 171 In June 2015 SPI International previewed its 4K FunBox UHD Ultra HD channel on the HOT BIRD 4K1 channel in advance of its commercial launch on Eutelsat s HOT BIRD satellites in the autumn 172 In July 2015 German HD satellite broadcaster HD and TV equipment manufacturer TechniSat announced an Ultra HD TV set with integrated decryption for reception of existing HD channels available in the Autumn and a new Ultra HD demonstration channel due to begin broadcasting in September 173 On 2 August 2015 The FA Community Shield in England was broadcast in Ultra HD by broadcast company BT Sport becoming the first live football game shown in Ultra HD on the world s first commercial Ultra HD channel The match was shown on Europe s first Ultra HD channel BT Sport Ultra HD where selected live English Premier League and European Champions League matches were broadcast 174 Fashion One 4K launched on September 2 2015 becoming the first global Ultra HD TV channel Reaching nearly 370 million households across the World the fashion lifestyle and entertainment network broadcasts via satellite from Measat at 91 5 E for Asia Pacific Middle East Australia and from SES satellites Astra 19 2 E for Europe SES 3 at 103 W for North America NSS 806 at 47 5 W for South America 175 In September 2015 Eutelsat presented new consumer research conducted by TNS and GfK on Ultra HD and screen sales in key TV markets The study looked at consumer exposure to Ultra HD perceived benefits and willingness to invest in equipment and content GfK predicts a 200 increase in Ultra HD screen sales from June to December 2015 with sales expected to reach five million by the end of the year GfK also forecasts that Ultra HD screens in 2020 will represent more than 70 of total sales across Europe and almost 60 in the Middle East and North Africa 176 On 2 September 2015 Sony unveiled the Xperia Z5 Premium the first smartphone with a 4K display 177 On 9 September 2015 Apple Inc announced that their new smartphone the iPhone 6S could record video in 4K 178 On 6 October 2015 Microsoft unveiled the latest version of their Microsoft Surface Book laptop with a display of over 6 million pixels and their new phones the Microsoft Lumia 950 and 950 XL which aside from 4K video recording that their predecessors included feature a display of over 5 million pixels 179 On 8 December 2015 the ceremony of the opening of the Holy Door in Vatican City which marked the beginning of the Jubilee Year of Mercy in the Roman Catholic church was the first worldwide Ultra HD broadcast via satellite 180 The event was produced by the Vatican Television Center with the support of Eutelsat Sony Globecast and DBW Communication The team did some advanced experimentation with 4K High Dynamic Range live images and in particular using technology developed by the BBC s R amp D division and Japan s public broadcaster NHK in terms of Hybrid Log Gamma HLG signals 181 2016 edit The UHD Alliance an industry consortium of content creators distributors and hardware manufacturers announced Monday on January 11 2016 during CES 2016 press conference its Ultra HD Premium specification which defines resolution bit depth color gamut high dynamic range HDR performance required for Ultra HD UHDTV content and displays to carry their Ultra HD Premium logo 8 9 10 11 12 On April 2 2016 Ultra high definition television demo channel UHD1 broadcast the Le Corsaire ballet in Ultra HD live from the Vienna State Opera The programme was produced by Astra satellite owner SES in collaboration with European culture channel ARTE and transmitted free to air available to anyone with reception of the Astra 19 2 E satellites and an ultra HD screen equipped with an HEVC decoder 182 As of April 2016 The NPD Group reported that 6 million 4K UHD televisions had been sold 183 In May 2016 Modern Times Group owner of the Viasat DTH platform announced the launch of Viasat Ultra HD the first UHD channel for the Nordic region The channel features selected live sport events especially produced in Ultra HD and launch in the autumn via the SES 5 satellite at 5 E Viasat is also launching an Ultra HD set top box from Samsung and a TV module that enables existing UHD TVs to display the channel 184 Satellite operator SES said that the launch of Viasat Ultra HD brings the number of UHD channels including test channels and regional versions carried on SES satellites to 24 or 46 of all UHD channels broadcast via satellite worldwide 185 In August 2016 Sky announced that 4K broadcasts would begin via their new Sky Q 2TB box The opening match of the 2016 17 Premier League between Hull City and Leicester City on Sky Sports was the first 4K transmission 186 2017 edit On 29 September 2017 BSAT 4a dedicated for UHDTV programming and was also claimed the world s first 8K satellite was launched from the Guiana Space Centre aboard Ariane 5 rocket BSAT 4a would be used for 2020 Summer Olympics held in Japan 187 Additionally in September 2017 Kaleidescape a manufacturer of home theater movie players and servers made 4K UHD movies compatible with their movie store and with their movie players 188 In December 2017 Qualcomm announced that their Snapdragon 845 chipset and Spectra 280 Image Signal Processor would be the first phone SoC to record video in UHD Premium 189 2018 edit In April 2018 RTL started broadcasting its own UHD channel in Germany First available at Astra 19 2 E the Channel shows UHD productions Formula 1 Football and Deutschland sucht den Superstar Satellite operator SES broadcast an 8K television signal via its satellite system for the first time in May 2018 The 8K demonstration content with a resolution of 7680 4320 pixels a frame rate of 60 fps and 10 bpc color depth was encoded in HEVC and transmitted at a rate of 80 Mbit s via the Astra 3B satellite during SES s Industry Days conference in Luxembourg 190 In June 2018 fuboTV broadcast the 2018 FIFA World Cup live in 4K and HDR10 becoming the first OTT streaming service to do so 191 Quarter Semi and Final matches were available on many popular streaming devices including Apple TV Chromecast Ultra Fire TV Roku and Android TVs Content was streamed at 60 frames per second using HLS and DASH Video was sent in fragmented MP4 containers delivering HEVC encoded video On December 1 2018 NHK launched BS8K a broadcast channel transmitting at 8K resolution 192 193 194 2019 edit In February 25 2019 at the event of 2019 Mobile World Congress Sony announced the Xperia 1 the first smartphone featuring a ultrawide 21 9 aspect ratio 4K HDR OLED display with a resolution of 3840 1644 which would be released on May 30 2019 195 In May 2019 for the first time in Europe 8K demonstration content was received via satellite without the need for a separate external receiver or decoder At the 2019 SES Industry Days conference at Betzdorf Luxembourg broadcast quality 8K content with a resolution of 7680 4320 pixels at 50 fps was encoded using a Spin Digital HEVC encoder at a bit rate of 70 Mbit s uplinked to a single 33 MHz transponder on SES Astra 28 2 E satellites and the downlink received and displayed on a Samsung 82 in 210 cm Q950RB production model TV 196 List of 4K television channels editGlobal edit Fashion 4K Festival 4K High 4K TVEurope edit 4K Heritage 4K UltraHD FunBox 197 4K Universe Astra Promo BBC TV UK beIN Sports 4K Spain BT Sport Ultimate 198 Canal 199 Canal 4K Ultra HD Poland Digi 4K Romania Digiturk UHD 200 Discovery Eurosport 4K Fashion One 4K Fashion TV 4K Festival 4K Insight 201 UHD M3 hu UHD online only M6 4K Movistar Formula 1 UHD 202 Movistar Partidazo UHD 203 NASA TV NPO 1 Pearl TV 204 ProsiebenSat 1 UHD QVC Deutschland QVC Zwei Rai 4K 205 RMC Sport 1 RTL UHD 199 RTVS UltraHD SES Ultra HD Demo Channel SFR Sport 4K Sky Sport 4K Italy Sky UHD1 UK Sky UHD2 UK Sky Sport UHD Germany Sky Sport Bundesliga UHD Germany Sky Sports Main Event UK Sky Sports F1 UHD UK Sportklub 4K Sport TV 4K UHD 206 207 Travelxp Tricolor Ultra HD 208 TF1 4K TNT Sports Ultimate TRT 4K TVP 4K Poland UHD 1 V Sport Ultra HD Viasat Ultra HD Virgin TV Ultra HD Wow 4K Africa edit BTV Botswana E BS 4K Ethiopia Nahoo sports UHD Ethiopia Nahoo sports 2 UHD Ethiopia ETV sports UHD Ethiopia Kana TV 4K Ethiopia on Time sports HD Egypt Americas edit NASA TV UHD Sportsnet 4K and Sportsnet One 4K Canada TSN 4K and TSN 2 4K Canada Hispasat TV 4K Latin America Fashion One 4K Fox Sports 4K and Fox Sports 1 4K USA DirecTV 4K and DirecTV Cinema 4K USA ESPN USA 4KUNIVERSE Insight UHD The Country Network SporTV 4K Brazil UHD 1 Asia edit CCTV 4K Chinese 中央广播电视总台4K超高清频道 Guangdong Radio and Television 4K Variety Channel Chinese 广东广播电视台4K综艺频道 Guangzhou Television Ultra HD Chinese 广州南国都市频道 SiTV Joy UHD Chinese 欢笑剧场4K频道 Wasu Discovery UHD Chinese 求索纪录频道 Beijing TV Winter Olympic amp Documentaries UHD Chinese 北京广播电视台冬奥纪实频道 First Media 4K Indonesia IndiHome 4K Indonesia Cable 4K 209 KBS1 UHD 210 KBS2 UHD MBC UHD 210 SBS UHD 210 KNN UHD 210 KBC UHD 210 TBC UHD 210 TJB UHD 210 UBC UHD 210 G1 UHD 210 Asia UHD South Korea Insight UHD Life U 211 SBS F L UHD 212 IRIB UHD Iran Sky UHD UHD Dream TV UMAX 213 UXN 4K Sat Tata Play 4K India Now Sports 4K Hong Kong Bol Network Pakistan Hum News Pakistan Kan11 4K Israel NHK BS 4K Japan BS Nittele 4K Japan BS Asahi 4K Japan BS TV Tokyo 4K Japan BS TBS 4K Japan BS Fuji 4K Japan SHOP CHANNEL 4K Japan 4K QVC Japan THE CINEMA 4K Japan J Sports Japan Star Channel 4K Japan Sukachan 4K Japan Japanese movie Jidaigeki 4K Wowow 4K Japan Astro Super Sport UHD Malaysia True 4K Thailand VTVcab 4K Vietnam SCTV 4K Vietnam Oceania edit Foxtel Movies Ultra HD Australia Fox Sports Ultra HD Australia 214 List of 8K television channels editNHK BS8K Japan CCTV 8K China 215 Field trials of UHDTV over DTT networks editField trials using existing digital terrestrial television DTT transmitters have included the following 216 Type Country Transmitter site Covering ERP DTT system Channel bandwidth Transmission mode Multiplex capacity Signal bit rate Video encoding standard Picture standard Audio encoding standard Center frequency8K UHD Japan 217 NHK Hitoyoshi Station Hitoyoshi Area Kumamoto Prefecture 140 W H 135 W V ISDB T 6 MHz 32kGI 1 32 4096QAMFEC 3 4dual polarized MIMO 91 8 Mbit s 91 0 Mbit s MPEG 4AVC H 264 7680 4320p59 94 frame s8 bit px MPEG 4 AAC384 kbit s 671 MHz Ch 46 NHK Mizukami Station 25 W H 25 W V 671 MHz Ch 46 NHK STRL Building Tokyo 93 W H 93 W V 581 MHz Ch 31 8K UHD South Korea Technical Research Institute Building of Korean Broadcasting System KBS Yeoeuido Seoul 10 W H 10 W V 6 MHz 2kGI 1 16 256QAMFEC 3 4dual polarized MIMO 50 475 Mbit s Single band 50 0 Mbit s Single band HEVC 605 MHz amp 623 MHz Ch 36 amp Ch 39 4K UHD Australia 218 Gore Hill Sydney 50 kW DVB T2 7 MHz 16k extended modeGI 1 32 256QAM32kFEC 3 4 PP7 38 63 Mbit s Variable some trials at 35 Mbit s HEVC 3840 2160p MPEG 4 AAC 212 5 MHz Ch 10 Kings Cross 650 W 536 5 MHz Ch 29 North Head 1 kW 536 5 MHz Ch 29 4K UHD Brazil Mt Sumare Parts of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area 660 W H 660 W V ISDB T 8 MHz 32k extended modeGI 1 128 64QAMFEC5 6 PP7 36 72 Mbit s 35 0 Mbit s HEVC 3840 2160p50 frame s8 bit px E AC 3 5 1 754 MHz Ch 56 in Region 1 4K UHD South Korea Gwanaksan South Metropolitan area of Seoul 36 7 kW DVB T2 6 MHz 32k extended modeGI 1 16 PP4 256 QAMFEC 3 4 4 5 5 6 lt 35 0 Mbit s Variable some trials at 25 34 Mbit s HEVC Main10Level 5 1Max 28 Mbit s 3840 2160p60 frame s8 or 10 bit px MPEG H 3D Audio 219 761 MHz Ch 62 12 9 kW 701 MHz Ch 52 40 0 kW 707 MHz Ch 53 Namsan Central area of Seoul 2 2 kW 761 MHz Ch 62 Yongmunsan West Metropolitan area of Seoul 8 3 kW 707 MHz Ch 53 4K UHD France Eiffel Tower City of Paris 1 kW DVB T2 8 MHz 32k extended modeGI 1 128 256QAMFEC2 3 PP7 40 2 Mbit s Two programmes carried one at 22 5 Mbit s one at 17 5 Mbit s HEVC 3840 2160p50 frame s8 bit px HE AAC 192 kbit s 514 MHz Ch 26 in Region 1 4K UHD Spain ETSI Tele comunicacion Ciudad Universitaria Madrid 125 W DVB T2 8 MHz 32k extended modeGI 1 128 64QAMFEC5 6 PP7 36 72 Mbit s 35 Mbit s other bit rates also tested HEVC 3840 2160p50 frame s8 bit px E AC 3 5 1 754 MHz Ch 56 in Region 1 4K UHD Sweden Stockholm Nacka City of Stockholm 35 kW DVB T2 8 MHz 32k extended modeGI 19 256 256QAMFEC3 5 PP4 31 7 Mbit s 24 Mbit s HEVC 3840 2160p29 97 frame s8 bit px 618 MHz Ch 39 in Region 1 4K UHD United Kingdom 220 Crystal Palace Greater London serving over 4 5 million households 39 8 kW DVB T2 8 MHz 32k extended modeGI 1 128 256QAMFEC 2 3 PP7 40 2 Mbit s Variable some trials at 35 Mbit s HEVC 3840 2160p50 or 59 94 frame s8 bit px most or 10 bit px 586 MHz Ch 35 in Region 1 Winter Hill North west England including Manchester and Liverpool serving 2 7 million households 22 5 kW 602 MHz Ch 37 in Region 1 Black Hill Central Scotland including Glasgow and Edinburgh serving 1 million households 39 kW 586 MHz Ch 35 in Region 1 4K UHD Czech Republic 221 Zizkov Television Tower Prague DVB T2 8 MHz HEVC 3840 2160p 706 MHz Ch 50 in Region 1 4K UHD Slovakia Kamzik Bratislava 5 kW DVB T2 32k256QAM FEC 3 4 36 Mbit s HEVC 3840 2160p 184 5 MHz Ch 6 4K UHD China P R of 222 Jiaxing Jiaxing Zhejiang about 1 kWSignal radius 39 km DTMB A 8 MHz Unknown4QAM included Unknown Unknown AVS2 3840 2160p50 frame s UnknownVariant of DRA 642 MHz Ch 29 Status of standardization of UHDTV editStandards that deal with UHDTV include Standardization in ITU R edit Standards approved in ITU R Rec ITU R BT 1201 1 2004 223 Rec ITU R BT 1769 2006 224 Rec ITU R BT 2020 2012 revised 2014 25 225 Rec ITU R BT 2035 0 07 13 A reference viewing environment for evaluation of HDTV program material or completed programmes Rec ITU R BS 2051 0 02 14 Advanced sound system for programme production Rec ITU R BT 2100 2016 Other documents prepared or being prepared by ITU R Report ITU R BT 2246 3 2014 The present state of ultra high definition television Draft New Report ITU R BT UHDTV DTT TRIALS Sub Working Group 6A 1 Collection of field trials of UHDTV over DTT networks 216 Standardization in ITU T and MPEG edit Standards developed in ITU T s VCEG and ISO IEC JTC 1 s MPEG that support Ultra HD include H 265 MPEG H HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding 2013 revised 2014 H 264 MPEG 4 AVC Advanced Video Coding support for Ultra HD added circa 2013 Standardization in SMPTE edit SMPTE 2036 1 2009 226 SMPTE 2036 2 2008 227 SMPTE 2036 3 2010 228 Standardization for Europe edit DVB approved the Standard TS 101 154 V2 1 1 published 07 2014 in the DVB Blue Book A157 Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG 2 Transport Stream which was published by ETSI in the following months Standardization for Japan and South Korea edit Standards for UHDTV in South Korea have been developed by its Telecommunications Technology Association On August 30 2013 the scenarios for 4K UHDTV service were described in the Report TTAR 07 0011 A Study on the UHDTV Service Scenarios and its Considerations On May 22 2014 the technical report TTAR 07 0013 Terrestrial 4K UHDTV Broadcasting Service was published On October 13 2014 an interim standard TTAI KO 07 0123 Transmission and Reception for Terrestrial UHDTV Broadcasting Service was published based on HEVC encoding with MPEG 2 TS and DVB T2 serving as the standards On June 24 2016 a standard TTAK KO 07 0127 Transmission and Reception for Terrestrial UHDTV Broadcasting Service was published based on HEVC encoding with MMTP ROUTE IP and ATSC 3 0 serving as the standards See also editRec 2020 ITU R Recommendation for UHDTV 4K resolution Resolutions of common 4K formats and list of 4K monitors TVs projectors 8K resolution Specifications for 8x4K UHD and 8Kx8K fulldome Ultra HD Blu ray 2160p 4K 3840 2160 resolution format Blu ray Disc as specified by Blu ray Disc Association IMAX A film theater format that historically has been innovative in creating a more realistic viewing experience High Efficiency Video Coding HEVC VP9 WebM 22 2 surround sound The audio component of Super Hi VisionNotes edit Attributed to multiple sources 1 2 3 4 Attributed to multiple sources 8 9 10 11 12 The resulting lines in the image alternate between pixels from the green 1 and red CCDs and pixels from the blue and green 2 CCDs References edit Thomas Alexander Just how useful is 2160p aka 4K Defining the Future of Television BBC June 19 2013 Leading Television Industry Players Line Up To Support 4K Ultra HD 2014 Press Releases Consumer Electronics Association November 11 2014 Retrieved December 18 2014 Lowensohn Josh July 9 2010 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ultra High Definition Television 4K TV Mag an online magazine about Ultra HD TV What is 4K Ultra HD 4K TV Mag Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ultra high definition television amp oldid 1190897933, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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