Teetotalism

Teetotalism is the practice or promotion of total personal abstinence from the consumption of alcohol, specifically in alcoholic drinks. A person who practices (and possibly advocates) teetotalism is called a teetotaler or teetotaller, or is simply said to be teetotal. Globally, almost half of adults do not drink alcohol (excluding those who used to drink but have stopped).^[1] A number of temperance organisations have been founded in order to promote teetotalism and provide spaces for non-drinkers to socialise.^[2]

Share of over-fifteen-year-old population who reportedly have never drunk alcohol (interactive version). Global average is 45%.

Share of over-fifteen-year-old population who haven't drunk alcohol in the past year (interactive version). Only Luxembourg has a <10% rate of last-year abstinence, and only Luxembourg, Ireland and Switzerland a <20% rate. In most countries, it exceeds a third.

Etymology

According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the tee- in teetotal is the letter T, so it is actually t-total, though it was never spelled that way.^[3] The word is first recorded in 1832 in a general sense in an American source, and in 1833 in England in the context of abstinence. Since at first it was used in other contexts as an emphasised form of total, the tee- is presumably a reduplication of the first letter of total, much as contemporary idiom might say "total with a capital T".^[4]

The teetotalism movement was first started in Preston, England, in the early 19th century.^[5] The Preston Temperance Society was founded in 1833 by Joseph Livesey, who was to become a leader of the temperance movement and the author of The Pledge: "We agree to abstain from all liquors of an intoxicating quality whether ale, porter, wine, or ardent spirits, except as medicine."^[6] Today, a number of temperance organisations exist that promote teetotalism as a virtue.^[7]

Richard Turner, a member of the society Preston Temperance Society, is credited with using the existing slang word, "teetotally", for abstinence from all intoxicating liquors.^[4] One anecdote describes a meeting of the society in 1833, at which Turner in giving a speech said, "I'll be reet down out-and-out t-t-total for ever and ever."^[6][8] Walter William Skeat noted that the Turner anecdote had been recorded by temperance advocate Joseph Livesey, and posited that the term may have been inspired by the teetotum;^[9] however, James B. Greenough stated that "nobody ever thought teetotum and teetotaler were etymologically connected."^[10]

A variation on the above account is found on the pages of The Charleston Observer:

Teetotalers.—The origin of this convenient word, (as convenient almost, although not so general in its application as loafer,) is, we imagine, known but to few who use it. It originated, as we learn from the Landmark, with a man named Turner, a member of the Preston Temperance Society, who, having an impediment of speech, in addressing a meeting remarked, that partial abstinence from intoxicating liquors would not do; they must insist upon tee-tee-(stammering) tee total abstinence. Hence total abstainers have been called teetotalers.^[11]

According to historian Daniel Walker Howe (What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848, 2007) the term was derived from the practice of American preacher and temperance advocate Lyman Beecher. He would take names at his meetings of people who pledged alcoholic temperance and noted those who pledged total abstinence with a T. Such persons became known as Teetotallers.

Reasons

Further information: Long-term effects of alcohol

Some common reasons for choosing teetotalism are psychological, religious, health,^[12] medical, philosophical, social, political, past alcoholism, or sometimes it is simply a matter of taste or preference. When at drinking establishments, teetotalers (or teetotallers) either abstain from drinking totally or consume non-alcoholic beverages such as water, juice, tea, coffee, non-alcoholic soft drinks, virgin drinks, mocktails, and alcohol-free beer.

Most teetotaler organisations also demand from their members that they do not promote or produce alcoholic intoxicants.^[13][14]

Religion

Main article: Religion and alcohol

 

An allegorical map on temperance, accompanied by a lengthy poem. The "Religion Channel" was a strong current away from "Misery Regions" and the "Reprobate Empire", 1846.

Christianity

A number of Christian denominations forbid the consumption of alcohol, or recommend the non-consumption thereof, including certain Anabaptist denominations such as the Mennonites (both Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites), Church of the Brethren, Beachy Amish and New Order Amish. Many Christian groups, such as Methodists (especially those aligned with the holiness movement) and Quakers (particularly the Conservative Friends), are often associated with teetotalism due to their traditionally strong support for temperance movements, as well as prohibition. The Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-day Adventists, and Holiness Pentecostals also preach abstinence from alcohol and other drugs. Many members of these Christian religious groups are also required to refrain from selling such products.

Conservative Anabaptist denominations, such as the Dunkard Brethren Church, teach:^[15]

Members of the Dunkard Brethren Church shall abstain from the use of intoxicating or addictive substances, such as narcotics, nicotine, marijuana, or alcoholic beverages (except as directed by a physician). Using, raising, manufacturing, buying or selling them by Christians is inconsistent with the Christian lifestyle and testimony. Members of the Dunkard Brethren Church who do so should be counseled in love and forbearance. If they manifest an unwilling or arbitrary spirit, they subject themselves to the discipline of the church, even to expulsion in extreme cases. We implore members to accept the advice and counsel of the church and abstain from all of the above. Since members are to be examples to the world (Romans 14:20–21) indulgence in any of these activities disqualifies then for Church or Sunday School work or as delegates to District or General Conference.^[15]

With respect to Methodism, the Church of the Nazarene and Wesleyan Methodist Church, both denominations in the Wesleyan-Arminian tradition, teach abstinence from alcohol.^[16][17] Members of denominations in the conservative holiness movement, such as the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection and Evangelical Wesleyan Church, practice temperance and teetotalism, thus abstaining from alcohol and other drugs.^[18] The Book of Discipline of the Immanuel Missionary Church, a Methodist denomination, states:^[19]

Temperance is the moderate use of that which is beneficial, and a total abstinence from that which is harmful. Therefore no member shall be permitted to use or sell intoxicating liquors, tobacco, or harmful drugs, or to be guilty of things which are only for the gratification of the depraved appetite, and are unbecoming and inconsistent with our Christian profession (I Cor. 10:31). —General Standards, Immanuel Missionary Church^[19]

Uniformed members of the Salvation Army ("soldiers" and "officers") make a promise on joining the movement to observe lifelong abstinence from alcohol. This dates back to the early years of the organisation, and the missionary work among alcoholics.

With respect to Restorationist Christianity, members of certain groups within the Christian Science and Latter Day Saint movements abstain from the consumption of alcohol.

Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches, and the Anglican Communion all require wine in their central religious rite of the Eucharist (Holy Communion). In contrast, churches in the Methodist tradition (which traditionally upholds teetotalism) require that "pure, unfermented juice of the grape" be used in the sacrament of Holy Communion.^[20]

In the Gospel of Luke (1:13–15), the angel that announces the birth of John the Baptist foretells that "he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother's womb". A free translation of the New Testament, the Purified Translation of the Bible (2000), translates in a way that promotes teetotalism. However, the term 'wine' (and similar terms) being consumed by God's people occurs over two hundred times in both the Old and New Testament.^[21]

Some Christians choose to practice teetotalism throughout the Lent season, giving up alcoholic beverages as their Lenten sacrifice.^[22][23]

Dharmic faiths

Jainism forbids the consumption of alcohol, in addition to trade in alcohol.^[24][25]

In Hinduism, using alcohol and other drugs falls under the sin of "maha patak".^[26] Brahmins are prohibited from drinking alcohol "as it has a direct impact on the nervous system, leading to actions that a sound person normally would not."^[27]

Similarly, one of the five precepts of Buddhism is abstaining from intoxicating substances that disturb the peace and self-control of the mind, but it is formulated as a training rule to be assumed voluntarily by laypeople rather than as a commandment.^{[citation needed]} Buddhist monks and nuns who hold traditional vows are forbidden from consuming alcohol.^{[citation needed]}

Islam

In Islam, the Arabic word "Khamr" (Arabic: خمر) refers to wine. Muslim countries have low rates of alcohol consumption, with many enforcing a policy of Prohibition. However the majority of Muslims do not drink and believe consuming alcohol is forbidden (haram).^[28][29]

Research on non-drinkers

Dominic Conroy and Richard de Visser published research in Psychology and Health which studied strategies used by college students who would like to resist peer pressure to drink alcohol in social settings. The research hinted that students are less likely to give in to peer pressure if they have strong friendships and make a decision not to drink before social interactions.^[30]

A 2015 study by the Office for National Statistics showed that young Britons were more likely to be teetotalers than their parents.^[31]

According to Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, published by WHO in 2011, close to half of the world's adult population (45 percent) are lifetime abstainers. The Eastern Mediterranean Region, consisting of the Muslim countries in the Middle East and North Africa, is by far the lowest alcohol consuming region in the world, both in terms of total adult per capita consumption and prevalence of non-drinkers, i.e., 87.8 per cent lifetime abstainers.^[1]

Notable teetotalers

This article contains dynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The following is an alphabetical list of notable people who are now or were teetotalers during their lifetime. Some have abstained their entire lives, and others only became abstainers after a period of alcohol use. Members of religions that ban alcohol are not included.

Business

• Anil Ambani – Indian businessman^[32]
• Mukesh Ambani – Indian business magnate, chairman, managing director, and the largest shareholder of Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL)^[33]
• Joseph Cyril Bamford – British businessman^[34]
• P. T. Barnum – American showman and politician of the 19th Century remembered today for his popular circus.^[34]
• Warren Buffett – American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist^[35]
• John Cadbury – English founder of Cadbury^[36]
• Michael Eavis – co-creator of the Glastonbury Festival^[37]
• Larry Ellison – American founder of Oracle Corporation^[35]
• Ashok Hinduja – Indian businessman^[38]
• Gopichand Hinduja – Indian-born British billionaire businessman and co-chairman of the Hinduja Group^[38]
• Prakash Hinduja – Indian-born Swiss businessman^[38]
• S. P. Hinduja – Indian-born British billionaire businessman, investor, and philanthropist^[38]
• Jon Huntsman Sr. – American founder of Huntsman Corporation^[35]
• David Murdock – American chairman of Dole Food Company^[35]
• William R. Wilkerson – American real estate developer, nightclub owner, and founder of The Hollywood Reporter^[39]

Fashion

• Emmanuelle Alt – French fashion editor^[40]
• Tyra Banks – American television personality, model, businesswoman, producer, actress, and writer^[35]
• Naomi Campbell – English model, actress, singer, and businesswoman^[41]
• Tom Ford – American fashion designer and filmmaker^[42]
• Karl Lagerfeld – German fashion designer, creative director, artist and photographer^[43]
• Anna Wintour – British-American media executive, who has served as editor-in-Chief of Vogue since 1988^[44][45][46]

Historical figures

• Crazy Horse – Lakota war leader of the Oglala band in the 19th century who led a war party to victory in the Battle of the Little Bighorn^[47]
• Frederick Douglass – American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman^[48]
• Neal Dow – American Prohibition advocate and mayor of Portland from 1851-1852 & 1855-1856^[49]
• Nathan Bedford Forrest – Confederate Army general during the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan^[50]
• Mahatma Gandhi – Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule^[51]
• Che Guevara – Argentine Marxist revolutionary and major figure of the Cuban Revolution^[52][53][54]
• Lucy Webb Hayes – wife of Rutherford B. Hayes and first lady of the United States from 1877 to 1881^[55]

Literature and journalism

• Isaac Asimov – American writer and professor of biochemistry^[56]
• Emil Cioran – Romanian philosopher and essayist^[57]
• Arthur C. Clarke – English science-fiction writer, science writer, futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host^[58]
• Lauren B. Davis – Canadian writer^[59]
• A. A. Gill – British journalist, critic, and author who was a restaurant reviewer for The Sunday Times^[60]
• Franz Kafka – Bohemian Jewish novelist and short-story writer^[61]
• Natasha Kaplinsky – English newsreader, TV presenter, and journalist^[62]
• H. P. Lovecraft – American writer of weird, science, fantasy, and horror fiction^[63]
• Cormac McCarthy – American writer^[64]
• Jordan Peterson - writer, psychologist, public intellectual^[65]
• Marilyn vos Savant – American magazine columnist^[66]
• Teša Tešanović – Serbian journalist and TV host^[67]
• Lasantha Wickrematunge – Sri Lankan journalist and politician^[68]

Military

• Jacob L. Devers – American general in the United States Army who commanded the 6th Army Group in the European Theater of World War II^[69]

Music

• 50 Cent – American rapper, actor, television producer, and businessman^[70][71]
• Erol Alkan – English DJ and producer ^[72]
• Benny Andersson - Swedish musician, singer, composer and producer best known as a member of the musical group ABBA
• Ryan Adams – American singer-songwriter, record producer, artist and poet^[73]
• Akon – Senegalese American singer, songwriter, record producer, and entrepreneur^[74]
• Fiona Apple – American singer and songwriter^[75]
• Julien Baker – American singer, songwriter and musician^[76]
• Jon Batiste – American singer, songwriter, musician, television personality, and former bandleader for The Late Show with Stephen Colbert^[77]
• Susan Boyle – Scottish singer^[78]
• Ian Brown – English singer and multi-instrumentalist^[79]
• Jason Aalon Butler – American musician and political activist^[80]
• Julian Casablancas – American singer, best known as the lead vocalist and primary songwriter of rock band The Strokes^[81]
• Max Cavalera – Brazilian musician, singer and songwriter^[82]
• Daniel Cavanagh – English guitarist and singer who formed the band Anathema^[83]
• Chuck D – American rapper, singer and songwriter^[84]
• Eric Clapton – English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter^[85]
• Adam Clayton – English-born Irish musician and bassist of the rock band U2^[86]
• John Coltrane – American jazz saxophonist and composer^[87]
• Alice Cooper – American heavy metal rock singer^[88]
• Bethany Cosentino – American recording artist, best known as the lead singer of Best Coast^[89]
• Graham Coxon – English musician, singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, painter, and a founder of the rock band Blur^[90]
• Dave Dobbyn – New Zealand musician, singer–songwriter and record producer^[91]
• Eric Dolphy – American jazz alto saxophonist, bass clarinetist, and flutist^[92]
• Fatboy Slim – English musician, DJ, and record producer^[93]
• Lee Gaze – Welsh musician and lead guitarist of No Devotion^[94]
• Robin Gibb – British singer and songwriter for the Bee Gees^[95]
• Ben Gibbard – American singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist for Death Cab for Cutie^[96]
• Gucci Mane – American rapper and record executive^[97]
• Gerhard Gundermann – German singer-songwriter and rock musician^[98]
• Rob Halford – English heavy metal singer, best known as the lead vocalist of Judas Priest^[99][100]
• Stuart Hamblen – American singing cowboy, actor, radio show host, songwriter, and presidential candidate^[101]
• Calvin Harris – Scottish DJ, record producer, singer, and songwriter^[102]
• Davey Havok – American singer and musician who is the lead vocalist for AFI, Blaqk Audio, XTRMST, and Dreamcar^[103][104]
• Jennifer Hudson – American singer, actress, and talk show host^[105]
• Illayaraja – Indian musician, composer, arranger, conductor, orchestrator, instrumentalist, lyricist and singer^{[citation needed]}
• José José – Mexican singer^[106]
• Andy Hurley – American musician and drummer for Fall Out Boy^[107]
• Ice-T – American rapper, songwriter, actor, and producer^{[108][109][110]}
• J Mascis – American singer, guitarist, and songwriter for Dinosaur Jr.^[111]
• Jessie J – English singer^[112]
• Jme – British grime MC, songwriter, record producer, and DJ^[113][114]
• Elton John – British singer, pianist, and composer^[115]
• John 5 – American guitarist for Rob Zombie and Marilyn Manson^[116]
• Eric Johnson – American guitarist, vocalist, and composer^[117]
• Mike Kerr – English singer, songwriter, and bassist for rock band Royal Blood^[118]
• Anthony Kiedis – founding member and lead vocalist of Red Hot Chili Peppers^[119]
• Kendrick Lamar – American rapper, songwriter, and record producer^[120]
• Jamie Lenman – English musician and illustrator^[121]
• Leona Lewis – British singer, songwriter, actress, and model^[122]
• Mike Lewis – Welsh musician and former rhythm guitarist for Lostprophets^[94]
• Jennifer Lopez – American singer, actress, and dancer^[35]
• John Mayer – American singer, songwriter and guitarist^[123]
• A. R. Rahman – Indian music composer, record producer, singer and songwriter
• Royce da 5'9" – American rapper, songwriter, and record producer^[124]
• Gene Simmons – Israeli-American musician, singer, and songwriter for heavy metal rock band Kiss^[125]
• Dee Snider – American singer and songwriter and lead singer of the heavy metal band Twisted Sister^[126]
• Lindsey Stirling – American violinist^[127]
• Jeff Tweedy – American songwriter, musician, author, and record producer, best known as the lead singer of Wilco^[128]
• Varg Vikernes – Norwegian black metal musician^[129][130]
• Dave Wakeling – English singer, songwriter, and musician, best known for his work with the band the Beat (known in North America as the English Beat) and General Public^[131]
• Paul Weller – English singer-songwriter^[132]
• Pharrell Williams – American rapper, record producer, singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur^[133]
• Angus Young – Australian musician, best known as the co-founder, lead guitarist, songwriter and sole constant original member of the heavy metal band AC/DC^[134][135]
• Rob Zombie – American singer, songwriter, filmmaker, and voice actor^[136]

Politics

• Ashok Gehlot – Indian politician, former Chief Minister of Rajasthan^[137]
• Shinzo Abe – former Prime Minister of Japan^[138]
• Prince Andrew, Duke of York – member of the British royal family^[139]
• Reubin Askew – American politician, who served as the 37th governor of Florida from 1971 to 1979^[140]
• Ted Baillieu – former Australian politician who was Premier of Victoria from 2010 to 2013^[141]
• John Bercow – former British politician and Speaker of the House of Commons^[142]
• Hilary Benn – British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Leeds Central since a by-election in 1999^[143]
• Tony Benn – British politician, writer and diarist who served as a Cabinet minister in the 1960s and 1970s^[144]
• Joe Biden – 46th President of the United States^[145]
• Cory Booker – American politician, attorney, and author who has served as the junior United States senator from New Jersey since 2013^[146]
• George N. Briggs – 19th Governor of Massachusetts, from 1844 to 1851^[147]
• George W. Bush – 43rd President of the United States^[148][149]
• Pedro Castillo – 63rd President of Peru^[150]
• Tyler Cowen – economist, political writer, and blogger^[151]
• Morarji Desai – Indian independence activist and politician who served as the 4th Prime Minister of India between 1977 and 1979^[152]
• John Diefenbaker – 13th prime minister of Canada^[153]
• Tommy Douglas – 7th premier of Saskatchewan, first leader of the NDP^[154]
• Edwin Edwards – 50th governor of Louisiana for four terms^[155]
• Doug Ford – 26th premier of Ontario^[156]
• George Galloway – British politician, broadcaster, and writer^[157]
• David Lloyd George – former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom^[158]
• Juan Vicente Gómez – Venezuelan military general and ruler of Venezuela from 1908 to 1935^[159]
• Félix Houphouët-Boigny – first president of Ivory Coast^[160]
• Paul Kagame – Rwandan politician and fourth President of Rwanda since 2000^[161]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam – 11th President of India^[162]
• Kenneth Kaunda – Zambian politician who served as the first president of Zambia^[163]
• Ian Khama – fourth President of the Republic of Botswana^[164]
• Nitish Kumar – Indian politician who has served as the 22nd chief minister of Bihar^[165]
• Narendra Modi – 14th Prime minister of India^[166][167]
• Vyacheslav Molotov – Soviet politician (1890–1986), Statesman and Diplomat^[168]
• Nicolas Sarkozy – former President of France^[169]
• Yoshihide Suga – former Prime Minister of Japan^[170][171]
• Rishi Sunak  – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom^[172][173]
• Donald Trump – 45th President of the United States of America^[145]

Religion

• Albert Barnes – American theologian, clergyman, abolitionist, temperance advocate, and author^[174]
• Hugh Bourne – joint founder of Primitive Methodism^[175]
• William M. Branham – American Christian minister and faith healer^[176]
• Jerry Falwell – American Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist^[177][35]
• James the Just – early leader of the Jerusalem Church of the Apostolic Age^[178]
• John the Baptist – itinerant preacher active in the area of Jordan River in the early 1st century AD^[179]
• Jiddu Krishnamurti – Indian philosopher, speaker and writer^[180]
• Adrian Rogers – American Southern Baptist pastor and conservative author^[181]

Science and exploration

• Buzz Aldrin – American former astronaut, engineer, and fighter pilot^[182]
• John Wesley Powell – American geologist, U.S. army soldier, and explorer, best known as the leader of the first scientific expedition into the Grand Canyon^[183]
• Richard Feynman – American physicist, Nobel laureate, known for quantum electrodynamics and science communication^[184]

Sports

• Tony Adams – English football manager and former professional player^[185]
• Dick Advocaat – Dutch former football player and coach^[186]
• Nathan Aké – Dutch football player^[187]
• Ludwig Augustinsson – Swedish professional footballer^[188]
• Gareth Bale – Welsh former footballer^[189]
• Don Bradman – Australian international cricketer^[36]
• Trevor Brooking – former England international footballer, manager, pundit and football administrator^[190]
• Djibril Cissé – French professional footballer^[191]
• Johnny Chan – Chinese-American professional poker player^[192]
• Graham Cornes – former Australian rules footballer, coach, and media personality^[193]
• Owen Coyle – Scottish professional football manager and former player^[194]
• Bryan Danielson – American professional wrestler^[195]
• Christopher Del Bosco – American-born, Canadian freestyle skier^[196]
• Brett Favre – American former football quarterback^[197]
• Darren Fletcher – Scottish football coach and former professional player^[198]
• Len Ganley – Northern Irish snooker referee^[199]
• Robert Griffin III – former American football quarterback for the Washington Redskins^[200]
• Benson Henderson – American former professional mixed martial artist^[201]
• Jack Hobbs – English professional cricketer^[202]
• Bhuvneshwar Kumar – Indian international cricketer and a former limited overs vice captain^[203]
• Chris Leben – American former mixed martial artist, referee, and bare knuckle boxer^{[204][205][206]}
• Mike McDaniel – American NFL head coach of the Miami Dolphins^[207]
• CM Punk – American professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist^[208]
• Cristiano Ronaldo – Portuguese footballer^[209][210]
• Neville Southall – retired Welsh footballer^[211]
• Fallon Sherrock – Female English darts player^[212]

Theatre, film, and television

• Simon Amstell – British comedian and television presenter^[122][213]
• Guillermo Arriaga – Mexican author, screenwriter, director and producer^[214]
• Amitabh Bachchan – Indian actor, film producer, television host, occasional playback singer and former politician^[215]
• Jason Bateman – American actor, director, and producer^[216]
• Kate Beckinsale  – English actress and model^[217]
• Ron Bennington – American radio personality and comedian^[218]
• John Boyega – English actor^[219]
• Frankie Boyle – Scottish comedian and writer^[220]
• Russell Brand – English comedian, actor, radio host and YouTuber^[221]
• Gerard Butler – Scottish actor and film producer^[222]
• Jim Carrey – Canadian-American actor and comedian^[223]
• Kim Cattrall – British and Canadian actress^[224]
• Dan Castellaneta – American actor, comedian, and screenwriter^[225]
• Billy Connolly – Scottish actor, retired comedian, artist, writer, musician, and presenter^[226]
• Dane Cook – American stand-up comedian and film actor^[227]
• Bradley Cooper – American actor and filmmaker^[228]
• Tom Cruise – American actor and producer^[229]
• Kristin Davis – American actress and producer^[230]
• Kat Dennings – American actress^[231][232]
• Robert Downey, Jr. – American actor^[233]
• Eliza Dushku – American actress^[234]
• Colin Farrell – Irish actor^[235]
• Craig Ferguson – Scottish-American comedian, actor, writer, and television host^[236][237]
• Jane Fonda – American actress, activist, and former fashion model^[238][239]
• Michael J. Fox – Canadian-American retired actor.^[240][241]
• James Franco – American actor and filmmaker^[242]
• Laura Fraser – Scottish actress^[243]
• Freddie Frinton – English comedian^[244]
• Vincent Gallo – American actor, director, writer, producer, musician, and model^[245]
• Janeane Garofalo – American comedian, actress, and former co-host on Air America Radio's The Majority Report^[246][247]
• Joe Gatto – American comedian and actor^[248]
• Michelle Gayle – British actress, singer, songwriter, and writer^[249]
• Bobcat Goldthwait – American comedian, actor, director and screenwriter^[250]
• Richard E. Grant – Swazi-English actor and presenter^[251]
• Kathy Griffin – American comedian and actress^[252]
• Chris Hardwick – American comedian, actor, television and podcast host, writer, and producer^[253][254]
• Tom Hardy – English actor, producer, and screenwriter^[255]
• Tom Holland – English actor^[256]
• Anthony Hopkins – Welsh actor^[257]
• Bryce Dallas Howard – American actress and director^[258]
• Dave Hughes – Australian stand-up comedian, television and radio presenter^[259]
• Barry Humphries – Australian comedian, actor, author and satirist^[260]
• Sam Hyde – American comedian^[261]
• Samuel L. Jackson – American actor^[262][263]
• Gillian Jacobs – American actress and director^[264][265]
• Ken Jennings – American game show host, author, and former game show contestant^[266]
• Penn Jillette – American magician, entertainer, and member of Penn and Teller^[267][268]
• Griff Rhys Jones – Welsh comedian, writer, actor, and television presenter^[269]
• Peter Kay – English comedian, actor, writer, and director^[270]
• Val Kilmer – American actor^[233]
• Akshay Kumar – Indian actor and film producer^[271]
• John Larroquette – American actor^[272]
• Jay Leno – American television host, writer and comedian^[273][274]
• David Letterman – American television host, comedian, writer and producer^[275]
• Jared Leto – American actor and musician^[276]
• Ewan McGregor – Scottish actor^[277]
• Brennan Lee Mulligan - American writer and performer^[278]
• Gary Oldman – English actor and filmmaker^[279]
• Daniel Radcliffe – English actor^[280]
• Martin Shaw – English actor^[281]
• Teller – American magician, entertainer, and member of Penn and Teller^[267][282]
• Alicia Witt – American actress and musician^[283]

Visual art

• Carol M. Highsmith – American photographer, author, and publisher^[284]

Other

• Natascha Kampusch – Austrian kidnapping survivor, author, and former talk show host^[285]

See also

• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Blue ribbon badge
• Catch-my-Pal
• Christianity and alcohol
• List of Temperance organizations
• Theobald Mathew (temperance reformer)
• Native American temperance activists
• Pioneer Total Abstinence Association
• Sobriety
• Straight edge
• Temperance bar
• Woman's Christian Temperance Union
• Word of Wisdom

References

1. "Global status report on alcohol and health 2018". Who.int.
2. Blocker, Jack S. (2003). Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-57607-833-4.
3. "Online Etymology Dictionary – T, page 5". Retrieved 30 April 2007.
4. Kruth, Rebecca; Curzan, Anne (22 September 2019). "TWTS: Why "teetotaler" has nothing to do with tea". Michigan Radio. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
5. Road to Zion – British Isles, BYU-TV; . Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
6. Gately, Iain (May 2009). Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol. New York: Gotham Books. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-592-40464-3.
7. Cox, David J.; Stevenson, Kim; Harris, Candida; Rowbotham, Judith (12 June 2015). Public Indecency in England 1857–1960: 'A Serious and Growing Evil'. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-317-57383-8.
8. Quinion, Michael. "Teetotal". Worldwidewords.org. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
9. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, by Walter William Skeat; published by Clarendon Press, 1893
10. Words and Their Ways, by James B. Greenough; published 1902
11. The Charleston Observer vol. 10, no. 44 (29 October 1836): 174, columns 4–5.
12. "6 great things that happen to your body when you give up drinking". Cosmopolitan.com. 20 January 2016.
13. Hanson, David J. (14 August 2019). "Anti-Alcohol Industry 101: Overview of the Neo-Temperance Movement". Alcohol Problems and Solutions. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
14. Lawson, Wilfrid (August 1893). "Prohibition in England". The North American Review. 157 (441): 152. JSTOR 25103180. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
15. Dunkard Brethren Church Polity. Dunkard Brethren Church. 1 November 2021. pp. 8–9.
16. Eastlack, Anita (2016). The discipline of the Wesleyan Church 2016 (PDF). Indianapolis, Indiana: Wesleyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-1-63257-198-4. OCLC 1080251593.
17. . Church of the Nazarene. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
18. The Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Original Allegheny Conference). Salem: Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection. 2014. p. 37.
19. Discipline of the Immanuel Missionary Church. Shoals, Indiana: Immanuel Missionary Church. 1986. p. 17.
20. Dunkle, William Frederick; Quillian, Joseph D. (1970). Companion to The Book of Worship. Abingdon Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-687-09258-1. The pure, unfermented juice of the grape shall be used. The "fair white linen cloth" is merely a table covering that is appropriate for this central sacrament of the church.
21. Beavers, Keith (n.d.). "What Wine Would Jesus Drink?". VinePair. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
22. . Pioneer Total Abstinence Association. 22 February 2009. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
23. Gilbert, Kathy L. (21 February 2012). "Could you go alcohol-free for Lent?". United Methodist News Service. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
24. Jain Journal, Volume 15. Jain Bhawan. 1981. p. 32.
25. Sharma, Arvind (1 October 2010). The World's Religions: A Contemporary Reader. Fortress Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8006-9746-4.
26. Kotur, Bhargava (2014). "Why drinking alcohol is Sin?". Science in Hinduism. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
27. Agarwal, Anav (17 February 2023). "Lord Shiva, Hinduism & Substance Abuse". The Times of India. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
28. "Alcohol and Islam: An Overview". APA PsycNet. 1 June 1999. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
29. "Nothing in the Quran Says Alcohol "is Haram": Saudi Author".
30. Conroy, Dominic; de Visser, Richard (2014). "Being a non-drinking student: An interpretative phenomenological analysis". Psychology and Health. 29 (5): 536–551. doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.866673. ISSN 0887-0446. PMID 24245802. S2CID 7115520.
31. Neville, Sarah (13 February 2015). "Young Britons turning teetotal in growing numbers, survey says". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
32. . Go2BSchool. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017.
33. . Thomas White International. June 2010. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017.
34. Barnum, P.T. (13 September 2017). Barnum's Own Story The Autobiography of P.T. Barnum. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0486811871.
35. Barth, Chris (11 March 2011). "Ten Teetotalling Moguls". Forbes. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
36. "Famous Teetotalers in History". Infomory. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
37. Smith, David (19 June 2005). "Far-out man". The Guardian. from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
38. Lamb, Christina; West, Julian (28 January 2001). "The teetotal Hinduja brothers, who partied their way to power". The Telegraph. from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
39. Meares, Hadley (14 February 2019). "When mobsters and movie stars ruled the Sunset Strip". Curbed Los Angeles. from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
40. Alexander, Hilary (7 March 2022). "Emmanuelle Alt Interview". Telegraph. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
41. "27 Sober Celebrities You May Not Have Known Are Teetotal, From Zac Efron To Brad Pitt". Elle. 22 December 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
42. Rookwood, Dan (11 June 2015). "Babies, baths and no more booze: Tom Ford on how he turned his life around". Evening Standard. from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
43. Prüfer, Tillman (6 May 2014). ""Ich bin nicht intellektuell, nur ziemlich kultiviert"". Zeit (in German). from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
44. 73 Questions with Anna Wintour (YouTube video). Vogue. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
45. Forbes, Jihan (3 November 2014). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Anna Wintour". The Fashion Spot.
46. Willis, Kelcie (28 December 2017). "Anna Wintour: What to know about the Vogue editor". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
47. Jarvis, Brooke (16 September 2019). "Who Speaks for Crazy Horse?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
48. Douglass, Frederick. . The Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, & Abolition at The MacMillan Center. Yale University. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014.
49. Dow, Neal (1898). . Portland, ME: Evening Express Pub. Co. p. 682. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017.
50. Ward, Andrew (2005). River Run Red: The Fort Pillow Massacre in the American Civil War. New York: Viking. p. 16. ISBN 0-670-03440-1.
51. Menezes, Anton (5 August 2009). "Biography of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation". India Study Channel. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
52. . BBC News. 15 September 2000. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
53. "The Big Question: Who was Che Guevara, and does he deserve his iconic status?". The Independent. 6 June 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
54. Pardo Lazo, Orlando Luis (3 November 2016). "The Story Behind Che's Iconic Photo". Smithsonian. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
55. Gould, Lewis L., ed. (1996). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. pp. 216, 224. ISBN 0-8153-1479-5.
56. Asimov, Isaac (1971). Isaac Asimov's Treasury of Humor. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 106. ISBN 0-395-57226-6. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
57. Weiss, Jason. "E. M. Cioran". Itineraries of a Hummingbird. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
58. Moorcock, Michael (21 March 2008). "Brave new worlds". The Guardian. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
59. Davis, Lauren B. (24 February 2009). . Archived from the original on 28 July 2017.
60. Barber, Lynn (19 March 2000). . The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
61. Grovier, Kelly (13 June 2004). . The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016.
62. . The Independent. 25 August 2007. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
63. Pedersen, Jan B. W. (August 2019). ""Now Will You Be Good?": Lovecraft, Teetotalism, and Philosophy". Lovecraft Annual (13): 119–144. ISSN 1935-6102. JSTOR 26868581.
64. "Cormac McCarthy's Venomous Fiction". The New York Times. 17 May 1998. from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
65. "Why Jordan Peterson quit drinking". wellnessdaily.com.au. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
66. "Does Marilyn Decline Any Food or Drink for Environmental or Health Reasons?". Parade. 28 August 2022.
67. U Kini je sav alkohol razblažen jer se lako napiju. | Teša Tešanović (YouTube video). Desni Klik. 2 January 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
68. "lasantha was murdered 3 years ago remembering lasantha". Colombo Telegraph. 9 January 2012.
69. Kuehn, John T. (November–December 2016). "Review Essay: Jacob L. Devers: A General's Life" (PDF). Military Review. pp. 125–126. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
70. "Stay Sober: Rappers Who Don't Smoke Or Drink". HNHH. 14 April 2014. from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
71. "50 Cent lied about smoking weed to sell records". rollingout.com. 17 January 2013. from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
72. @erolalkan (5 July 2022). "10 years no booze… not a single drop… love and strength to those who are on the same path.. stay on in… I can assure you it leads to somewhere better. E x" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
73. Klein, Joshua (23 July 2007). "Ryan Adams". Pitchfork. from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
74. Yuan, Jada (9 June 2009). "Akon Confesses: 'I Drink Shirley Temples All the Time'". Grub Street. from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
75. "How Fiona Apple Protects Her Sobriety". Medium. 19 March 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
76. "Julien Baker on Sobriety: You Can't Hide Behind Substances All The Time". 17 January 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
77. 5x GRAMMY Winner Jon Batiste Comes Home To The Late Show (YouTube video). The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
78. Owens, Nick (24 November 2013). "Susan Boyle's diabetes diagnosis forces the teetotal non-smoker to give up her only vice – CHOCOLATE". mirror.co.uk. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
79. WENN (22 May 2006). . contactmusic.net. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
80. Bernhardt, Peyton (31 May 2016). . Blunt Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
81. Doyle, Patrick (15 October 2014). "Julian Casablancas' Radical Reinvention". Rolling Stone. from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
82. Uricheck, Mark (19 September 2016). "Interview: Max Cavalera says being straight edge helped him like metal more". Metal Insider. from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
83. Stefanis, Yiannis (22 September 2013). "Interview with DANIEL CAVANAGH (Anathema/Leafblade)—25 July 2013". Get Ready to ROCK!. from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
84. Christgau, Robert; Tate, Greg (22 October 1991). "Chuck D All Over the Map". Village Voice. from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
85. "Eric Clapton: Blues guitar legend". BBC News. 3 November 2004. from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
86. Egan, Barry (16 January 2011). "Achtung baby, Adam is the proud father of a little boy". Irish Independent. from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
87. "These Successful Recording Artists Never Drank Or Did Drugs". History Things. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
88. . Spoonfed. 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.
89. Smith, Courtney E. (18 February 2020). "Bethany Cosentino Got Sober. Then She Wrote A New Best Coast Album. Now What?". Refinery29. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
90. Paphides, Pete (26 June 2009). . The Times. London. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
91. "Michele Hewitson interview: Dave Dobbyn". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
92. Miles, Milo (1 May 1996). "Young Saint with a Horn". Salon. from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
93. "Norman Cook aka Fatboy Slim • Distraction Pieces Podcast with Scroobius Pip #268 | Distraction Pieces Podcast with Scroobius Pip on acast". acast. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
94. . DragonNinjaDotCom. 13 September 2009. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012.
95. Hennessy, Kesewa (20 May 2012). "Bee Gee Robin Gibb dies aged 62". Financial Times. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
96. Spin Staff (11 May 2022). . Spin. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
97. Ketchum III, William E. (8 October 2018). "Gucci Mane Becomes Rap's Role Model for Sobriety: "I Was a Drug Addict, I Was Numb"". DJBooth. from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
98. . Der Spiegel (in German). 29 June 1998. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2023. Er war durchaus nicht so, wie man sich einen Rockmusiker vorstellt. Er trank keinen Alkohol, [...] (He was not like a rock musician at all. He did not drink alcohol [...])
99. Wilkening, Matthew (25 August 2011). . Loudwire.com. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
100. Perusse, Bernard (1 August 2007). . The Gazette. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008.
101. Associated Press (9 March 1989). . New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
102. Savage, Mark (17 August 2009). . BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
103. Childers, Chad (21 November 2014). "XTRMST's Davey Havok Talks Straight Edge Inspiration, Future Plans + More". Loudwire. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
104. Garland, Emma (11 August 2017). "Davey Havok Went On A Date With Me By Accident". Vice. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
105. . HuffPost. 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
106. Holguin, Martin (1 March 2006). . Selecciones (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 31 May 2009.
107. Phillips, Bianca (25 October 2007). . Memphis Flyer. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012.
108. Dreisinger, Baz (22 April 2011). "Ice-T, Living Out Loud". New York Times. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
109. @FINALLEVEL (24 January 2021). "I don't smoke or drink... Never have" (Tweet). Retrieved 27 February 2021 – via Twitter.
110. @FINALLEVEL (4 July 2015). "Ice Fact: I have zero tattoos. Have never smoked weed or cigarettes. And don't drink alcohol…. Now THATS Gangsta…" (Tweet). Retrieved 27 February 2021 – via Twitter.
111. Haley, Dominic (21 August 2017). "How a 16-year-old J Mascis from Dinosaur Jr. got into straight-edge and learnt to play anywhere". Loud and Quiet. No. 88. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
112. "Teetotal Jessie J aka 'Billy no Mates'". Irish Independent. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
113. The Police vs Grime Music – A Noisey Film (YouTube video). Noisey. 29 May 2014. from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
114. Noisey (29 May 2014). "Form 696: The Police Versus Grime Music". Vice. from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
115. . BBC. 12 November 2004. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
116. Zukowski, Zenae (31 October 2019). "A conversation with John 5 on horror films, sobriety, and staying busy". Metal Insider. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
117. . Birmingham Mail. 29 March 2013. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017.
118. "Royal Blood Singer Mr Mike Kerr On Drink, Drugs And… Recovery". Mr Porter. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
119. Beck, Craig (14 January 2017). . Stop Drinking Expert. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017.
120. Jones, Lorraine (18 October 2013). "Kendrick Lamar: "This Is One Thing I Will Never Do"". BET. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
121. . Front Magazine. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017.
122. . The Independent. 23 July 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017.
123. Earl, Jennifer (13 November 2018). "John Mayer reveals moment he decided to quit drinking: 'I made quite a fool of myself'". Fox News. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
124. Slavik, Nathan (29 April 2016). ""I Needed It For My Edge": Royce da 5'9" Comes Clean About Alcoholism & Music". DJBooth. from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
125. Fell, James (3 September 2016). "The unbelievably sweet reason why Gene Simmons of KISS has never done drugs or gotten drunk". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
126. "TWISTED SISTER'S DEE SNIDER SAYS HE IS ALWAYS CLEAN AND SOBER". 26 October 2019.
127. "UTubers: Lindsey Stirling reflects on blessings of not using drugs, alcohol". March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
128. McCreery, Lonnie (10 December 2018). "Jeff Tweedy of Wilco Talks Fighting Addiction, Depression, and Anxiety". Epiphany Sober Living. from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
129. Midtskogen, Rune (7 April 2009). ""Count" Regrets Nothing". Burzum. Translated by Whitney Coleman. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
130. Mitchell, Chris (5 October 2005). "Interview with Varg Vikernes". Burzum. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
131. "English Beat's Dave Wakeling has new sounds - Tahoe Onstage | Lake Tahoe music concerts and sports". 9 August 2018.
132. Richards, Will (2 May 2021). "Paul Weller on his sobriety: "I get more from music"". NME. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
133. Clemmons, Rachael Vaughan (12 March 2018). "21 Celebrities who don't drink". Metro. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
134. Hall, Russell (26 July 2011). . Gibson. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
135. Loftus, David (10 April 2007). "The Story of AC/DC by Susan Masino". California Literary Review. from the original on 17 April 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
136. "Rob Zombie: An Unorthodox Champion of American Values". Daily Kos. 13 November 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
137. "Ashok Gehlot: The Magician in Rajasthan Congress". The Wire. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
138. Onishi, Norimitsu (21 September 2006). "Set to Lead, Japan's Next Premier Reconsiders Postwar Era". The New York Times. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
139. Adams, Guy (9 December 2006). "Prince Andrew: The playboy prince". The Independent. from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
140. Ensley, Gerald (15 March 2009). . Florida Society of News Editors. Archived from the original on 30 September 2017.
141. Gordon, Michael (27 November 2006). "Baillieu finds himself washed up with everywhere to go". The Age. from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
142. MacIntyre, James (20 July 2011). "Getting the House in Order". Prospect. from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
143. Ashley, Jackie (8 November 2006). "'I'm not a natural rebel'". The Guardian. from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
144. Tempest, Matthew (6 June 2002). "Tony Benn". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
145. Nagourney, Adam (30 October 2020). "In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
146. Kaylin, Lucy (September 2010). "Is Cory Booker the Greatest Mayor in America?". Oprah.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
147. Giddings, Edward J. (1890). American Christian Rulers, or Religion and Men of Government. New York: Bromfield & Co. p. 66.
148. Goldman, Russell (4 May 2010). "Laura Bush Reveals How George W. Stopped Drinking". ABC News. from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
149. Wright, Ben (19 January 2017). "Teetotal Trump and the drinkin presidents". BBC. from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
150. Asensio, Raúl; Camacho, Gabriela; González, Natalia; Grompone, Romeo; Pajuelo Teves, Ramón; Peña Jimenez, Omayra; Moscoso, Macarena; Vásquez, Yerel; Sosa Villagarcia, Paolo (August 2021). El Profe: Cómo Pedro Castillo se convirtió en presidente del Perú y qué pasará a continuación (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima, Peru: Institute of Peruvian Studies. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-612-326-084-2. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
151. Cowen, Tyler (12 August 2017). "I'm with the Mormons on this one – how about you?". Marginal Revolution. from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
152. Lal, Vinay (1 September 2006). "Coca-Cola in India". MANAS. UCLA Social Sciences. from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
153. Diefenbaker, John G. (1976). One Canada: Memoirs of the Right Honourable John G. Diefenbaker. Vol. 2. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. p. 191. ISBN 0-7705-1443-X.
154. Barron, F. L. (1997). Walking in Indian moccasins : the native policies of Tommy Douglas and the CCF. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 110. ISBN 0-7748-0609-5. OCLC 38948493.
155. McFadden, Robert D. (12 July 2021). "Edwin Edwards, Flamboyant Louisiana Governor, Is Dead at 93". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
156. Freeman, Alan (3 May 2019). "Marijuana vs. beer: The new divide in Canadian politics". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
157. . The Scotsman. 15 October 2006. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016.
158. The Newsroom (9 May 2017). "From Trump to Sheridan: Most famous teetotal politicians". The Scotsman.
159. Gunther, John (1941). Inside Latin America. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 183.
160. Lamb, David (1987). The Africans. New York: Vintage Books. p. 213. ISBN 0-394-75308-9.
161. Bamford, David (22 April 2000). . BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017.
162. Michael, Saneesh (n.d.). . OneIndia. Archived from the original on 14 September 2007.
163. . Kulinji. 18 June 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023.
164. "President Ian Khama: Emboldened by evidence to reduce harms of alcohol use in Botswana". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
165. Simha, Vijay (10 September 2012). . Tehelka. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012.
166. India.com Education Desk (29 September 2013). "5 things you did not know about Narendra Modi". India.com. from the original on 4 June 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
167. Chaudhary, Archana (29 April 2020). "Alcohol fight highlights battle between Indian states and Narendra Modi". The Japan Times. from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
168. Chen, C. Peter. Vyacheslav Molotov. In 1938 American journalist John Gunther wrote: " He [Molotov]is... a man of first-rate intelligence and influence. Molotov is a vegetarian and a teetotaler."
169. "French winemakers fret over Teetotal Sarkozy". Reuters. 21 June 2007. from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
170. Agence France-Presse (6 October 2020). "In hard-drinking Japan, alcohol-free drinks meet growing demand from the 'sober curious' and teetotallers". South China Morning Post. from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
171. . NHK Seiji magazine (in Japanese). 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
172. "Just how 'Indian' is the new British PM whom Indians hail as one of their own?". Economic Times. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
173. Judah, Ben (27 May 2020). "Take a Chancellor on me: Inside the world of Rishi Sunak". Tatler. from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
174. "Albert Barnes". SwordSearcher. 2017. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
175. . Billy Graham Center Archives. Wheaton College. 30 April 2001. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017.
176. Harrell, David Edwin Jr. (1978). All Things Are Possible: The Healing and Charismatic Revivals in Modern America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-525-24136-1.
177. "The Rev. Jerry Falwell". People. 29 December 1980. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
178. "James, the brother of Jesus". Church History 101. 2017. from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
179. "Luke 1,13–15". BIBLIJA. British & Foreign Bible Society. 1997. from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
180. Saxon, Wolfgang (18 February 1986). "JIDDU KRISHNAMURTI, 90, IS DEAD; RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHER FROM INDIA". The New York Times. from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
181. Battle of The Bottle – Adrian Rogers (YouTube video). SovaSergey. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
182. Aldrin, Buzz; Abraham, Ken (2010). Magnificent Desolation: The Long Journey Home from the Moon. Three Rivers Press. pp. 172, 188–189. ISBN 9780307463463. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
183. John Wesley Powell: From the Depths of the Grand Canyon (YouTube video). National Geographic. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
184. Feynman, Richard P. (1985). Ralph Leighton (ed.). Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character. W. W. Norton & Co. pp. 204–205. ISBN 0-393-01921-7. OCLC 10925248.
185. . BBC News. 4 October 2001. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
186. . ESPN FC. 14 May 2008. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
187. Fisher, Ben (30 July 2018). "Premier League 2018–19 preview No 2: Bournemouth". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
188. Lundh, Olof (18 November 2015). "Guidetti fick U21-stjärna att skippa alkohol: "Har blivit arg när de pushat på"". fotbollskanalen.se (in Swedish). from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
189. Malone, Sam (7 November 2010). "Gareth: 'I can't stand the booze'". WalesOnline.co.uk. from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
190. Brooking, Trevor (2014). My Life In Football. Simon & Schuster. p. 42. ISBN 9781471130441. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
191. . UEFA. 3 December 2004. Archived from the original on 5 February 2005.
192. Poker.com team (29 July 2020). "Johnny Chan – WSOP Main Event Winner". poker.com. from the original on 23 June 2021.
193. Johnson, Anne (29 August 2003). . Stateline South Australia. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016.
194. McNulty, Phil (4 January 2010). "Coyle's high-risk Bolton move". BBC Sport. from the original on 26 April 2017.
195. Sapp, Sean Ross (7 August 2015). "Daniel Bryan Talks Never Having A Drink In His Life, Why He Grew His Hair Out, Brie Bella, More". Wrestling Inc.
196. Stroup, Matt (17 December 2009). . NBC Olympics. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010.
197. Shipnuck, Alan (4 December 2007). . Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007.
198. Taylor, Louise (28 August 2009). "From mundane to marvellous: Darren Fletcher's startling transformation". The Guardian. from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
199. Elliott, Keith (18 December 1992). "Keith Elliott at Large: Jolly giant of the green baize: The chimney sweep turned professional snooker referee was once described as the 'godfather of punk'". The Independent. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
200. Wilson, Ryan (13 August 2013). . CBS Sports. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
201. Curreri, Frank (22 November 2012). . UFC. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
202. Williamson, Martin (31 May 2008). . ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
203. . Feed Cricket. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
204. Davies, Gareth A (28 June 2008). . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
205. Straus, Mike (27 July 2018). "Chris "The Crippler" Leben Talks his Big Comeback and Recovery". cagesidepress.com.
206. Doyle, Dave (9 November 2018). "Chris Leben 'stoked' for chance at bare-knuckle fight with Phil Baroni". mmafighting.com.
207. Dan, Pompei (8 August 2022). "Dolphins coach Mike McDaniel: Particular, present, putting it all out there". theathletic.com. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
208. Atkins, Jack (22 September 2021). "CM Punk Discusses The Pressure Of Being 'Straight-Edge' In WWE". cultaholic.com. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
209. Smith, Preston (9 September 2021). "The Real Reason Cristiano Ronaldo Stays Away From Alcohol". The List. Retrieved 26 September 2022. In fact, Ronaldo has sworn off alcohol, and it may not be for the reason you think. According to Tech Times, Ronaldo's father died at age 52 from alcoholism. Because of this, Ronaldo refuses to consume alcohol or drugs, and he's been candid about this sobriety ultimately being better for his soccer-playing, too.
210. "International Football Cristiano Ronaldo: I had a glass of champagne after Euro 2016 and was a little drunk". Marca. 26 December 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
211. McGovern, Ste (18 August 2020). "'Generosity comes naturally to him' – How Neville Southall became a passionate voice for marginalised communities". The Football Faithful. from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
212. Bloom, Ben (18 December 2019). "Meet Fallon Sherrock, the ex-hairdresser changing the face of darts". The Telegraph.
213. Hall, Julian (11 May 2012). "Simon Amstell: Numb, Hexagon Theatre, Reading". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
214. Junieles, John J. (23 April 2006). "Los tatuajes sirven para esconder cicatrices: Sobre la novela El búfalo de la noche, de Guillermo Arriaga Jordán". Letralia (in Spanish). from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
215. "Hottest vegetarian celebs". Times of India. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
216. Lee, Patty (8 July 2009). "Jason Bateman's struggle with alcohol and drugs was like 'Risky Business'". New York Daily News. from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
217. Murray, Rebecca (2011). About.com. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011.
218. Ron Bennington talks about addiction and his past Part 1 of 3 (YouTube video). Vesperwow. 17 October 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
219. Famurewa, Jimi (2 September 2020). "John Boyega: 'I'm the only cast member whose experience of Star Wars was based on their race'". British GQ. from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
220. "Profile: Frankie Boyle: Frankie mocks the weak". The Scotsman. 26 September 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
221. "Unfairly Branded". Chortle. 4 June 2006. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
222. Mandell, Andrea (23 October 2012). "Gerard Butler talks sobriety at Hollywood parties". USA Today. from the original on 24 October 2012.
223. Araújo, Eva (1 February 2020). "Jim Carrey Opens up About Life in Parade". Jim Carrey Online. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
224. David, Jessica (5 January 2012). "Teetotal Stars". Glamour. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
225. Morrow, Terry (23 June 2007). . Albuquerque Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
226. "Billy Connolly". Chortle. 2022. from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
227. Dane cook interview part 2 (YouTube video). knightlaugh. 27 November 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
228. Shira, Dahvi (5 September 2012). "Bradley Cooper: Why I Chose to Become Sober". People. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
229. Park, Jeannie (23 July 1990). "Burn a Little Rubber, Melt a Lot of Hearts". People. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
230. Ellen, Barbara (9 February 2002). "Charlotte's web". The Guardian. from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
231. Horkins, Tony (7 December 2008). . BlackBook. Archived from the original on 9 December 2008.
232. Radloff, Jessica (24 September 2012). "2 Broke Girls' Kat Dennings Opens Up About Cupcakes, the Co-Star She's Dating, and Her Trademark Red Lipstick!". Glamour. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
233. . contactmusic.net. 1 May 2005. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
234. "Teetotal Dushku Plays Bartender In Wine Film". contactmusic.net. 10 August 2008. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
235. McMahon, James (31 December 2010). "Colin Farrell: 'Giving up alcohol was the best decision I ever made'". NME. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
236. Ouzounian, Richard (8 April 2010). "Craig Ferguson: Measure of a man". Toronto Star. from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
237. "Craig Ferguson Cuts Spears Slack". CBS News. 20 February 2007. from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
238. Ritschel, Chelsea (27 April 2022). "Jane Fonda reveals why she stopped drinking alcohol". The Independent.
239. Kirkpatrick, Emily. . www.vanityfair.com. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022.
240. Ryan, Patrick (22 January 2023). "Michael J. Fox says he became an alcoholic, hid Parkinson's diagnosis: 'There's no way out'". USA Today. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
241. Cagle, Jess (15 August 2018). "Michael J. Fox Reveals the Moment He Realized He Had to Stop Drinking". People. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
242. Hedegaard, Erik (4 June 2013). "The Doobie Brothers: Lighting Up With the Stars of 'This Is the End'". Rolling Stone. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
243. Brillantes, Mariam (25 August 2013). "'Breaking Bad': Is Laura Fraser Going to Belize?". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on 30 August 2013.
244. Simkins, Michael (12 November 2010). "Acting drunk can be staggeringly difficult". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
245. Smith, Andrew (29 September 2001). "Buffalo boy". The Guardian.
246. Suarez, J. M. (3 October 2010). "'Janeane Garofalo: If You Will': 'Life is too Long to Worry About the Afterlife'". Pop Matters. from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
247. "Janeane Garofalo on Acting, Reading, Drinking and Self Flagellation: Memories Monday". leosigh.com. 20 April 2015. from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
248. Hanson-Firestone, Dana (24 May 2020). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Joe Gatto". TVovermind. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
249. Rookwood, Dan (4 July 2003). "Interview: Mark Bright". The Guardian. from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
250. Owen, Brent (9 March 2016). "Bobcat Goldthwait on leaving 'Animal' behind, not doing coke, making documentaries and directing". LEO Weekly. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
251. "Richard E Grant: At 11 I caught my mother cheating with dad's best friend". Evening Standard. 20 September 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
252. Nasson, Tim (5 August 2006). . wildaboutmovies.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
253. Hardwick, Chris (April 17, 2011). "Chubby Emo Chris Hardwick of 2003 Says, "You Can Do It!"". Nerdist.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
254. Hrabkovska, Silvia (1 December 2015). "50 facts about comedian, actor, TV host, author, writer, producer, and podcaster Chris Hardwick". BoomsBeat. Retrieved 23 October 2023. Hardwick talks openly about being a recovering alcoholic and has been sober since October 8, 2003
255. Cooper, Edward; Neudecker, Kate (6 October 2023). "20 Sober Celebrities: The Celebrities Who Have Chosen a Life Without Alcohol". Men's Health. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
256. "Tom Holland says he felt 'enslaved' to alcohol". BBC News. 11 July 2023.
257. Guy, Jack (30 December 2020). "Anthony Hopkins gives thanks for 45 years of sobriety in uplifting Twitter video". CNN. from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
258. . Paper. 26 January 2006. Archived from the original on 1 December 2015.
259. . The Age. 10 December 2005. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
260. Cain, Sian (22 April 2023). "Barry Humphries, Australian comedian and creator of Dame Edna Everage, dies aged 89". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
261. Sam Hyde - FBI & Shooter meme [HydeWars_040] (YouTube video). Sam Hyde's Perfect Clips. 4 August 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
262. . Tiscali. 2002. Archived from the original on 3 November 2002.
263. "40 Male Celebrities Who Don't Drink Alcohol". Men's Health. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
264. "Episode 39". The Late Late Show. Season 9. 7 March 2013. CBS.
265. "Mixology certification [DVD commentary]". Community: The complete second season (DVD). Sony Pictures Television. 2018.
266. Stevens, Dana (16 July 2004). . Slate. Archived from the original on 15 November 2018.
267. "Teller speaks!". Washington Post. 6 March 2008. from the original on 22 August 2016.
268. "Why Penn doesn't drink or do drugs". Big Think. 2017. from the original on 7 September 2017.
269. . BBC News. 14 May 1999. Archived from the original on 18 December 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
270. McLean, Gareth (15 October 2004). . The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
271. Trivedi, Tanvi (16 April 2011). . The Times of India. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
272. Davies, Bree. "John Larroquette's moment of clarity with sobriety". Westword. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
273. Greenwald, Andy (5 March 2014). . Grantland. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
274. Henderson, Ann (July–August 2007). . Nevada Magazine. Archived from the original on 5 May 2011.
275. "25 Things You Never Knew About David Letterman". 80s Kids. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
276. WENN (4 October 2007). . Contact Music. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
277. Fanning, Evan (18 May 2008). "Now Ewan is drunk on sobriety". Independent.ie. from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
278. Bringing a TTRPG drink to life with Brennan Lee Mulligan | How to Drink, retrieved 20 January 2023
279. Sarkisian, Jacob (3 March 2021). "Gary Oldman opens up about history of alcoholism: 'I used to sweat vodka'". Insider. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
280. Singh, Anita (4 July 2011). "Daniel Radcliffe: why I don't drink alcohol any more". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
281. Carter, Claire (19 September 2014). "Martin Shaw: living apart is key to happy relationship". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
282. "12-Stepping". Penn & Teller: Bullshit!. Season 2. Episode 6. Showtime.
283. Avila, Daniela (29 August 2023). "Alicia Witt on Overcoming the 'Toughest Time' in Her Life and Why She Quit Drinking (Exclusive)". People (magazine). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
284. Maya, Raquel. "A conversation with Carol Highsmith". Library of Congress. Retrieved 6 November 2023. Frances [Benjamin Johnston] was a Bohemian, a hard drinker and a loner," Highsmith says. "I don't walk that road.
285. Henckel, Elisalex (26 February 2013). . Die Welt (in German). Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2024.

External links

•   The dictionary definition of teetotal at Wiktionary