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Santiagueño Quechua

January 01, 1970

Santiago del Estero Quichua or Santiagueño Quechua (Santiagen Quichua) is a vulnerable dialect of Southern Quechua spoken by 60,000-100,000 people (estimates vary widely) in Argentina. It is spoken in the province of Santiago del Estero. The estimated coordinates are 27°47′S 64°16′W. Long-standing migration has also resulted in the presence of the language in other provinces of northeastern Argentina and in Buenos Aires.

Santiagueño Quechua
Native toArgentina
EthnicityQuechuas
Native speakers
60,000 (2000)[1]
Quechuan
Language codes
ISO 639-3qus
Glottologsant1432
ELPSantiago del Estero Quechua
Approximate extension of Quichua speech in Santiago del Estero.

It is 81% similar to other Quechuan languages. There are radio programs in this languages and also a dictionary. There is some cultivation of the language as it is taught in some schools. It uses the Roman alphabet. Its speakers are Native Americans and they mostly work in agriculture. It is the seventh-most widely spoken language in Argentina behind Spanish, Italian, Levantine Arabic, South Bolivian Quechua, Standard German, and Mapudungun. It is the third most widely spoken indigenous language.

There was once another dialect of Southern Quechua in Argentina, that of Catamarca and La Rioja, but it has gone extinct. All were introduced during the Spanish colonial period, as Quechua speakers were transplanted to various parts of the Spanish realm (continuing a practice of the Inca), and Quechua was an official language of Santiago, Catamarca, and La Rioja during the colonial era.

Classification edit

Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay[citation needed]

People edit

The indigenous people of Santiago del Estero were referred to as the "tonocoté". They faced much racism and discrimination from the rest of the Argentinian population which led to the diminishing of their language and culture as a whole. The government even went so far as to release flyers describing what these indigenous people looked like, including red skin and the use of feathers in their clothing. For this reason, they were singled out among the rest of the Hispanic population. Instead of learning their maternal language of Santiagueño Quechua at school, indigenous children were looked over and forced to learn the official Spanish language, which is a contributing factor as to why this language became endangered.[citation needed]

Syntax edit

The verb of movement "to go" has been extensively studied and compared to other dialects of Quechua.[2] It was found that while in other dialects, this verb is used to represent physical movement, in Santiagueño Quechua, it represents a future action. This can be compared to the modern Spanish phrase "ir a" which means "to go" + infinitive in Santiagueño Quechua.

Pasado no experimentado edit

It has been discovered that a new category of verb exists in this Quechua language: Pasado no experimentado, which adds a certain suffix to words to represent information that has been related to someone from another person. Usually, the suffix that corresponds to this is -ra. Ex: "niara".[citation needed]

Phonology edit

There are three vowel phonemes primarily used in this language: /a, i, u/. In addition, as with other Quechuan languages, /a/, /i/ and /u/ possess [ɑ], [e ~ ɛ] and [o ~ ɔ] as allophones in the vicinity of the consonant phoneme /q/.[3] As opposed to other dialects of this language, which use the phoneme /ʎ/, Saniagueño Quechua possesses /ʒ ~ ʑ/, similar to the Argentinian Spanish pronunciation of /ʎ ~ ʝ/ as [ʒ ~ ʑ].[4]

Examples edit

Many of the following examples have strong similarity to, or borrow words from the Spanish language.[5][6]

  • cóndor- vulture
  • cocaví-> provisions for a trip
  • qólpa; choclo-> an ear of corn
  • kúnliir; molle-> tree of life
  • múli or porongo-> pumpkin
  • 'kúntur; chingana-> a sort of brothel
  • tarúka-> deer
  • wik*úña; vincha-> hair tie
  • qaparis ti(y)anku-> "they are yelling"
  • na riq rini ñuqá-> "I am already going to go"
  • más vale rini kutiq-> "Maybe I'll go back"
  • nuqa cuchilluyta manasuq-> "I'll lend you my knife"
  • Brachup historian rini cuentasuq-> "I will tell you the story of El Bracho."

Notes edit

  1. ^ Santiagueño Quechua at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)  
  2. ^ Gutiérrez, G. D. (1997). Un fenómeno de convergencia lingüística por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del Estero: El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrástico. Estudios Filológicos Estud. Filol., (32). Retrieved from http://red.pucp.edu.pe/ridei/wp-content/uploads/biblioteca/110503.doc.pdf
  3. ^ Nardi, R. L. (1989). Aclaraciones sobre el quichua de santiago del estero. Relaciones De La Sociedad Argentina De Antropología; Tomo 17-2, 127-137. Retrieved from http://163.10.34.134/bitstream/handle/10915/25125/Documento_completo.pdf?sequence=1
  4. ^ "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  5. ^ Parodi, C. (1973). Observaciones en torno a los quechuismos del Diccionario Etimológico de Corominas. 11. Retrieved from http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/ral/article/view/38764/35248
  6. ^ Gutiérrez, G. D. (1997). Un fenómeno de convergencia lingüística por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del Estero: El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrástico. Estudios Filológicos Estud. Filol., (32). doi:10.4067/s0071-17131997003200004

References edit

External links edit

  • Ethnologue: Santiago del Estero Quichua
  • Course on Quechua
  • Quechuan Culture
  • Endangered Languages Page
  • Sorosoro Page
  • Atlas of Indigenous places in Latin America
  • Refworld Page
  • Glottolog Page

January 01, 1970
santiagueño, quechua, this, article, require, cleanup, meet, wikipedia, quality, standards, specific, problem, article, grammatically, stylistically, poor, please, help, improve, this, article, march, 2017, learn, when, remove, this, message, santiago, estero,. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is the article is grammatically and stylistically poor Please help improve this article if you can March 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message Santiago del Estero Quichua or Santiagueno Quechua Santiagen Quichua is a vulnerable dialect of Southern Quechua spoken by 60 000 100 000 people estimates vary widely in Argentina It is spoken in the province of Santiago del Estero The estimated coordinates are 27 47 S 64 16 W Long standing migration has also resulted in the presence of the language in other provinces of northeastern Argentina and in Buenos Aires Santiagueno QuechuaNative toArgentinaEthnicityQuechuasNative speakers60 000 2000 1 Language familyQuechuan Quechua IISouthern QuechuaSantiagueno QuechuaLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code qus class extiw title iso639 3 qus qus a Glottologsant1432ELPSantiago del Estero QuechuaApproximate extension of Quichua speech in Santiago del Estero It is 81 similar to other Quechuan languages There are radio programs in this languages and also a dictionary There is some cultivation of the language as it is taught in some schools It uses the Roman alphabet Its speakers are Native Americans and they mostly work in agriculture It is the seventh most widely spoken language in Argentina behind Spanish Italian Levantine Arabic South Bolivian Quechua Standard German and Mapudungun It is the third most widely spoken indigenous language There was once another dialect of Southern Quechua in Argentina that of Catamarca and La Rioja but it has gone extinct All were introduced during the Spanish colonial period as Quechua speakers were transplanted to various parts of the Spanish realm continuing a practice of the Inca and Quechua was an official language of Santiago Catamarca and La Rioja during the colonial era Contents 1 Classification 2 People 3 Syntax 3 1 Pasado no experimentado 4 Phonology 5 Examples 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksClassification editQuechuan Peripheral Quechua Chinchay citation needed People editThe indigenous people of Santiago del Estero were referred to as the tonocote They faced much racism and discrimination from the rest of the Argentinian population which led to the diminishing of their language and culture as a whole The government even went so far as to release flyers describing what these indigenous people looked like including red skin and the use of feathers in their clothing For this reason they were singled out among the rest of the Hispanic population Instead of learning their maternal language of Santiagueno Quechua at school indigenous children were looked over and forced to learn the official Spanish language which is a contributing factor as to why this language became endangered citation needed Syntax editThe verb of movement to go has been extensively studied and compared to other dialects of Quechua 2 It was found that while in other dialects this verb is used to represent physical movement in Santiagueno Quechua it represents a future action This can be compared to the modern Spanish phrase ir a which means to go infinitive in Santiagueno Quechua Pasado no experimentado edit It has been discovered that a new category of verb exists in this Quechua language Pasado no experimentado which adds a certain suffix to words to represent information that has been related to someone from another person Usually the suffix that corresponds to this is ra Ex niara citation needed Phonology editThere are three vowel phonemes primarily used in this language a i u In addition as with other Quechuan languages a i and u possess ɑ e ɛ and o ɔ as allophones in the vicinity of the consonant phoneme q 3 As opposed to other dialects of this language which use the phoneme ʎ Saniagueno Quechua possesses ʒ ʑ similar to the Argentinian Spanish pronunciation of ʎ ʝ as ʒ ʑ 4 Consonants Bilabial Alveolar Post al Palatal Velar Uvular Nasal ɲ Plosive Affricate voiceless p t t ʃ k q voiced g ɢ Fricative voiceless ɸ s ʃ x x voiced ʒ Approximant l j w Flap ɾExamples editMany of the following examples have strong similarity to or borrow words from the Spanish language 5 6 condor vulture cocavi gt provisions for a trip qolpa choclo gt an ear of corn kunliir molle gt tree of life muli or porongo gt pumpkin kuntur chingana gt a sort of brothel taruka gt deer wik una vincha gt hair tie qaparis ti y anku gt they are yelling na riq rini nuqa gt I am already going to go mas vale rini kutiq gt Maybe I ll go back nuqa cuchilluyta manasuq gt I ll lend you my knife Brachup historian rini cuentasuq gt I will tell you the story of El Bracho Notes edit Santiagueno Quechua at Ethnologue 19th ed 2016 nbsp Gutierrez G D 1997 Un fenomeno de convergencia linguistica por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del Estero El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrastico Estudios Filologicos Estud Filol 32 Retrieved from http red pucp edu pe ridei wp content uploads biblioteca 110503 doc pdf Nardi R L 1989 Aclaraciones sobre el quichua de santiago del estero Relaciones De La Sociedad Argentina De Antropologia Tomo 17 2 127 137 Retrieved from http 163 10 34 134 bitstream handle 10915 25125 Documento completo pdf sequence 1 SAPhon South American Phonological Inventories linguistics berkeley edu Retrieved 2018 07 18 Parodi C 1973 Observaciones en torno a los quechuismos del Diccionario Etimologico de Corominas 11 Retrieved from http www revistas unam mx index php ral article view 38764 35248 Gutierrez G D 1997 Un fenomeno de convergencia linguistica por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del Estero El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrastico Estudios Filologicos Estud Filol 32 doi 10 4067 s0071 17131997003200004References editHistory and Geography of Santiago Quichua in Spanish http www crimic paris sorbonne fr actes dc courthes pdf http halshs ccsd cnrs fr halshs 00005497 http roabastos monsite orange fr Coronel Molina S M amp McDowell J H 2011 Proceedings of the First Symposium on Teaching Indigenous Languages of Latin America Retrieved from http kellogg nd edu projects quechua STLILLA STILLA 2008 Proceedings MLCP CLACS ATLILLA2 pdf page 287 Palacios Azucena Garcia Ana Isabel El indigenismo americano III Universitat de Valencia p 25 Brenzinger Matthias 2007 Language Diversity Endangered Mouton de Gruyter p 25 Gutierrez G D 1997 Un fenomeno de convergencia linguistica por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del Estero El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrastico Estudios Filologicos Estud Filol 32 Retrieved from http red pucp edu pe ridei wp content uploads biblioteca 110503 doc pdf Lorenzino G A 2003 Bilinguismo y Migracion Urbana El Quechua Santiagueno Selected Proceedings of the First Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics 53 60 Retrieved from http www lingref com cpp wss 1 paper1007 pdf Parodi C 1973 Observaciones en torno a los quechuismos del Diccionario Etimologico de Corominas 11 Retrieved from http www revistas unam mx index php ral article view 38764 35248 De Granda G 1998 De nuevo sobre Quechua y Espanol en el noroeste argentino Reexamen de algunos temas Retrieved fromhttp ezproxybib pucp edu pe index php lexis article viewFile 7320 7533 De Granda G 1997 Una modalidad de transferencia linguistica por contacto Procesos de reanalisis en el quechua de Santiago del Estero Argentina Retrieved from http www nuevosfoliosbioetica uchile cl index php BDF article viewFile 21481 22779 De Granda G 1997 DOS RASGOS DEL SISTEMA CASUAL DEL QUECHUA SANTIAGUENO Y SUS POSIBLES FACTORES CONDICIONANTES Retrieved from http revistas pucp edu pe index php lexis article view 7390 7612 De Granda G 2000 Evolucion y condicionamientos de un parametro gramatical en la lengua quechua La marcacion morfologica de la categoria numero Evolucion Y Condicionamientos De Un Parametro Retrieved from http revistas pucp edu pe index php lexis article viewFile 4936 4934External links editEthnologue Santiago del Estero Quichua Course on Quechua Quechuan Culture Endangered Languages Page Sorosoro Page Atlas of Indigenous places in Latin America Refworld Page Glottolog Page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Santiagueno Quechua amp oldid 1215777088, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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