Thomas A. Watson
Thomas Augustus Watson (January 18, 1854 – December 13, 1934) was an assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone in 1876.
Thomas A. Watson | |
|---|---|
Thomas A. Watson | |
| Born | Thomas Augustus Watson January 18, 1854 |
| Died | December 13, 1934 (aged 80) Pass-a-Grille, Florida, US |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Watson (Until 1934) |
Life and work edit
Born in Salem, Massachusetts,[1] United States Watson was a bookkeeper and a carpenter before he found a job more to his liking in the Charles Williams machine shop in Boston in 1872.[2] He was then hired by Alexander Graham Bell, who was then a professor at Boston University. They were known for the invention of the telephone.
As the recipient of the first telephone call – although coming from just the next room – his name became the first words ever said over the phone. "Mr. Watson – Come here – I want to see you", Bell said when first using the new invention, according to Bell's laboratory notebook.[3] There is some dispute about the actual words used, as Thomas Watson, in his own voice, remembered it as "Mr. Watson – Come here – I want you", in a film made for Bell Labs in 1931 which is referenced below in "The Engines of our Ingenuity".
Watson was an inventor of many accessories for the telephone. He tried to make a signaling device for the telephone, because no user could stand near the phone all day, waiting for the call. At first, he made a hammer, which had to hit the diaphragm,[4] then he made a buzzer.[5] After several experiments with signaling devices Watson made a ringer,[6] and his polarized ringer[7] was manufactured for 60 years.[8][9]
Watson resigned from the Bell Telephone Company in 1881 at the age of 27. Using money from his royalties from his participation in the invention of the telephone, Watson first tried his hand at farming. He tried geology as well,[10] he was even nominated for Massachusetts State Treasurer.[11] In 1883 Watson founded the Fore River Ship and Engine Building Company. He soon began taking bids for building naval destroyers and by 1901 the Fore River Ship and Engine Company was one of the largest shipyards in America. It would later become one of the major shipyards during World War II, after being purchased by Bethlehem Steel Corporation. When Watson sold his share in the shipyard, he decided to "turn boy again" and became an actor.[12][13]
On January 25, 1915, Watson was at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco to receive the first transcontinental telephone call, placed by Bell from the Telephone Building at 15 Dey Street in New York City. President Woodrow Wilson and the mayors of both cities were also involved in the call.[14]
Thomas Watson was married to Elizabeth Watson. After he died in 1934, she continued to live in Pass-a-Grille during World War II and died in the hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida in 1949.
Watson wrote an autobiography, Exploring Life: The Autobiography of Thomas A. Watson (New York: Appleton, 1926). He was portrayed by Henry Fonda in the film The Story of Alexander Graham Bell, which was released in 1939.
Late in his life, at the age of 77, upon being impressed with a meeting with Indian spiritual leader Meher Baba in England, Watson was instrumental in helping to arrange for Meher Baba to come to the United States for his first visit there in 1931.[15] Upon meeting Baba, Watson is reported to have said, "In my seventy-eight years of life, today is the first time I have experienced what divine love is. I have come to realize this with just a touch from Meher Baba".[16] Later, though, Watson became disenchanted with Baba.[17]
Watson died of heart disease on December 13, 1934, at his winter home on Pass-a-Grille, Florida. He is buried in the North Weymouth, Massachusetts cemetery. His family grave site sits on top and next to the cemetery road and has a vantage point that looks directly at the former ship yard. He wanted to see his greatest accomplishment in life and death.[18]
Footnotes edit
- ^ National Inventors Hall of Fame (2010). . Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ^ Watson, Thomas A. (1926). Exploring Life: The Autobiography of Thomas A. Watson. New York: D Appleton and company. p. 30.
- ^ Bruce, Robert V., Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, Boston: Little, Brown, p. 181, ISBN 0-316-11251-8.
- ^ Watson, Thomas A. The birth and babyhood of the telephone (An address delivered before the Third Annual Convention of the Telephone Pioneers of America at Chicago, October 17, 1913). pp. 35–36.
- ^ "US Patent No. 199,007, Patented Jan 8, 1878. T. A. WATSON. Improvement in telephones" (PDF).
- ^ "US Patent No. 202,495, dated April 16, 1878. T. A. WATSON. Telephone Call-Signal Apparatus" (PDF).
- ^ "US Patent No. 210,886, dated December 17, 1878. T. A. WATSON. Polarized Armature for Electric Bells" (PDF).
- ^ Meyer, Ralph O. (2018). Old-time telephones. Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-692-11204-5.
- ^ Иванов, Александр. "Приключения Томаса Ватсона". telhistory.ru. Музей Истории Телефона.
- ^ Watson, Thomas A. (1926). Exploring Life: The Autobiography of Thomas A. Watson. New York: D Appleton and company. p. 205.
- ^ Watson, Thomas A. (1926). Exploring Life: The Autobiography of Thomas A. Watson. New York: D Appleton and company. p. 211.
- ^ Watson, Thomas A. (1926). Exploring Life: The Autobiography of Thomas A. Watson. New York: D Appleton and company. p. 251.
- ^ Иванов, Александр. "Приключения Томаса Ватсона". telhistory.ru. Музей Истории Телефона.
- ^ "Phone to Pacific From the Atlantic", New York Times.
- ^ Kalchuri, Bhau (1986), Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, Myrtle Beach, SC: Manifestation, pp. 1415–1419
- ^ Kalchuri, Bhau (1986), Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, Myrtle Beach, SC: Manifestation, p. 1415
- ^ Mazur, A. (2004), A Romance in Natural History, Syracuse, NY: Garret, ISBN 0-9823808-0-1.
- ^ "T. A. Watson Dead; Made First Phone". The Associated Press. December 15, 1934. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
References edit
- NPR clip featuring Watson
- PBS.org Watson biography
- University of Houston: The Engines of Our Ingenuity (radio program) No. 1177: "Thomas Watson". by John H. Lienhard
External links edit
- Short biography of Thomas Watson
- Associated Press obituary (December 15, 1934): "T. A. Watson Dead; Made First Phone"
- Works by Thomas A. Watson at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Thomas A. Watson at Internet Archive
- Thomas A. Watson at Find a Grave