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Sukhoi Su-30MKI

November 26, 2023

The Sukhoi Su-30MKI[a] (NATO reporting name: Flanker-H) is a two-seater, twinjet multirole air superiority fighter developed by Russian aircraft manufacturer Sukhoi and built under licence by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF). A variant of the Sukhoi Su-30, it is a heavy, all-weather, long-range fighter.

Su-30MKI
An Indian Air Force Su-30MKI
Role Multirole fighter, air superiority fighter
National origin Russia / India
Manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Design group Sukhoi
First flight Su-30МК: 1 July 1997; 26 years ago (1997-07-01)
Su-30MKI: 2000; 23 years ago (2000)
Introduction 27 September 2002
Status In service
Primary user Indian Air Force
Produced Su-30MKI: 2000–present
Number built 272 as of March 2020[1][2]
Developed from Sukhoi Su-30
Variants Sukhoi Su-30MKM
Sukhoi Su-30MKA

Development of the variant started after India signed a deal with Russia in 2000 to manufacture 140 Su-30 fighter jets.[3] The first Russian-made Su-30MKI variant was accepted into the Indian Air Force in 2002,[4] while the first Su-30MKI assembled in India entered service with the IAF in November 2004.[5] The IAF has nearly 260 Su-30MKIs in inventory as of January 2020.[6] The Su-30MKI is expected to form the backbone of the IAF's fighter fleet to 2020 and beyond.[7]

The aircraft is tailor-made for Indian specifications and integrates Indian systems and avionics as well as French and Israeli sub-systems.[8] It has abilities similar to the Sukhoi Su-35 with which it shares many features and components.[b][9]

Development edit

Origins and acquisition edit

The Su-30MKI was designed by Russia's Sukhoi Corporation beginning in 1995 and built under licence by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).[10][11] The Su-30MKI is derived from the Sukhoi Su-27 and has a fusion of technology from the Su-37 demonstrator and Su-30 program,[12] being more advanced than the baseline Su-30.[12] Russia's Defence Ministry was impressed with the type's performance envelope and ordered 30 Su-30SMs, a localised Su-30MKI, for the Russian Air Force.[13] It features state of the art avionics developed by Russia, India and Israel for display, navigation, targeting and electronic warfare; France and South Africa provided other avionics.[14][15]

After two years of evaluation and negotiations, on 30 November 1996, India signed a US$1.462 billion deal with Sukhoi for 50 Russian-produced Su-30MKIs in five batches. The first batch were eight Su-30Ks, the basic export version of Su-30 (designated Su-30MKI-I by India). The second batch of 10 were also Su-30Ks, but equipped with French and Israeli avionics (designated Su-30MKI-I by India). The third batch were to be 10 Su-30MKIs featuring canard foreplanes. The fourth batch of 12 Su-30MKIs and fifth batch of 10 Su-30MKIs were to have the AL-31FP turbofans. Initially, the Su-30Ks were to be upgraded to final Su-30MKI configuration but were instead returned to Russia between 2007 and 2011.[16]

In October 2000, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed for Indian licence-production of 140 Su-30MKIs; in December 2000, a deal was sealed at Russia's Irkutsk aircraft plant for full technology transfer. The Indian Air Force (IAF) has ordered 272 aircraft, of which 50 were to be delivered by Russia in 2002-2004 and 2007. The rest of 222 planes are to be produced under license at HAL's Indian facilities in 2004.[17] The first Nasik-built Su-30MKIs were to be delivered by 2004, with staggered production until 2017–18. In November 2002, the delivery schedule was expedited with production to be completed by 2015.[18] An estimated 920 AL-31FP turbofans are to be manufactured at HAL's Koraput Division, while the mainframe and other accessories are to be manufactured at HAL's Lucknow and Hyderabad divisions. Final integration and test flights of the aircraft are carried out at HAL's Nasik Division.[19] Four manufacturing phases were outlined with progressively increasing Indian content: Phase I, II, III and IV. In phase I, HAL manufactured the Su-30MKIs from knocked-down kits, transitioning to semi knocked-down kits in phase II and III; in phase IV, HAL produced aircraft from scratch from 2013 onwards.[20][21]

 
IAF Su-30MKI

In 2007, another order of 40 Su-30MKIs was placed. In 2009, the planned fleet strength was to be 230 aircraft.[22] In 2008, Samtel HAL Display Systems (SHDS), a joint venture between Samtel Display Systems and HAL, won a contract to develop and manufacture multi-function avionics displays for the MKI.[23] A helmet mounted display, Topsight-I, based on technology from Thales and developed by SHDS will be integrated on the Su-30MKI in the next upgrade. In March 2010, it was reported that India and Russia were discussing a contract for 42 more Su-30MKIs.[citation needed] In June 2010, it was reported that the Cabinet Committee on Security had cleared the ₹15,000 crore (US$1.9 billion) deal and that the 42 aircraft would be in service by 2018.[24][25]

By August 2010, the cost increased to $4.3 billion or $102 million each.[26] This increased unit cost compared to the previous unit cost of $40 million in 2007, has led to the rumours that these latest order of 42 Su-30MKIs are for the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) and these aircraft will be optimised and hardwired for nuclear weapons delivery. The SFC had previously submitted a proposal to the Indian Defence Ministry for setting up two dedicated squadrons of fighters consisting of 40 aircraft capable of delivering nuclear weapons.[27]

HAL expected that indigenisation of the Su-30MKI programme would be completed by 2010; V. Balakrishnan, general manager of the Aircraft Manufacturing Division stated that "HAL will achieve 100 per cent indigenisation of the Sukhoi aircraft – from the production of raw materials to the final plane assembly".[28] As of 2017, HAL manufactures more than 80% of the aircraft.[29] On 11 October 2012, the Indian Government confirmed plans to buy another 42 Su-30MKI aircraft.[30] On 24 December 2012, India ordered assembly kits for 42 Su-30MKIs by signing a deal during President Putin's visit to India.[citation needed] This increases India's order total to 272 Su-30MKIs.[30]

In June 2018, India has reportedly decided not to order any further Su-30s as they feel its cost of maintenance is very high compared to Western aircraft.[31]

In June 2020, India decided to place an order for 12 more Su-30MKI aircraft along with 21 MiG-29s. The Su-30MKI order is to compensate for losses due to crashes to maintain the sanctioned strength of 272 Su-30MKIs. The MiG-29 order was placed to form a fourth MiG-29 squadron to bolster depleted IAF strength. The MiGs were ordered despite being an older platform since they were deliverable within a 2-3-year timeframe, because they were built for an order that was previously canceled and since they were very reasonably priced compared to newer aircraft.[32]

Upgrades edit

 
IAF Su-30MKI firing Brahmos-ER

In 2004, India signed a deal with Russia to domestically produce the Novator K-100 missile, designed to shoot down airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) and C4ISTAR aircraft, for the Su-30MKI,[33] however the project did not proceed.[citation needed] Although not initially designed to carry nuclear or strategic weapons, India has considered integrating an air-launched version of the nuclear-capable Nirbhay.[34]

In May 2010, India Today reported that Russia had won a contract to upgrade 40 Su-30MKIs with new radars, onboard computers, electronic warfare systems and the ability to carry the BrahMos cruise missile. The first two prototypes with the "Super-30" upgrade will be delivered to the IAF in 2012, after which the upgrades will be performed on the last batch of 40 production aircraft.[35] The Brahmos missile integrated on the Su-30MKI will provide the capability to attack ground targets from stand-off ranges of around 300 km.[36] On 25 June 2016, HAL conducted the first test flight of a Su-30MKI fitted with a BrahMos-A missile from Nashik, India. The first air launch of BrahMos from a Su-30MKI was successfully carried out on 22 November 2017.[37][38]

India was planning to upgrade its Su-30MKI fighters with Russian Phazotron Zhuk-AE Active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars. The X band radar can track 30 aerial targets in the track-while-scan mode and engage six targets simultaneously in attack mode. AESA technology offers improved performance and reliability compared with traditional mechanically scanned array radars.[39] On 18 August 2010, India's Minister of Defence A K Antony stated the current estimated cost for the upgrade was ₹10,920 crore (US$1 billion) and the aircraft are likely to be upgraded in phases beginning in 2012.[40]

The Indian Defence Ministry proposed several upgrades for the Su-30MKI to the Indian Parliament, including the fitting of Russian Phazotron Zhuk-AE AESA radars starting in 2012.[41] During MMRCA trials the Zhuk-AE AESA radar demonstrated significant capabilities, including ground-mapping modes and the ability to detect and track aerial targets.[42] At the 2011 MAKS air-show, Irkut chairman Alexy Fedorov offered an upgrade package with an improved radar, and reduced radar signature to the Indian fleet to make them "Super Sukhois".[43][44]

But the plan for equipping the jets with Russian AESA radar was dropped in favor of phase wise upgradation of the jets with Indian avionics like by equipping the jets with Indian made Uttam AESA.[45] The jets got the first phase Super Sukhoi upgrade with the addition of the Astra (missile), a 110 km range BVR missile more capable than the R 77; India also started to replace the Russian made fly-by-wire system with an Indian-made Flight Control system and even adopted a new digital RWR(Radar Warning Receiver) to replace the outdated manual Radar Warning Receiver previously used.[46]

In 2012, upgrades of the earlier 80 Su-30MKIs involves equipping them with stand-off missiles with a range of 300 km; a request for information (ROI) was issued for such weapons.[47] In 2011, India issued a request for information to MBDA for the integration of the Brimstone ground attack missile and the long-range Meteor air-to-air missile.[48]

In February 2017, it was reported that the planes would be upgraded with AL-41F turbofan engines, the same as the ones on the Sukhoi Su-35.[citation needed] In August 2017, the Indian government cleared a proposal of ₹30,000 crore (US$4 billion) to equip the planes with new reconnaissance pods.[49]

India is planning to increase the Su-30MKI's BVR engagement capability by arming its entire fleet with the indigenous Astra BVR missile.[50] having a range of 110 km[51] and the Israeli Derby after it was found that the R-77 active-radar homing BVR missile has inadequate performance.[52] In September 2019, the Astra was in multiple user-trials by Indian Air Force to validate its lethality for the Su-30MKI.[53]

Design edit

 
Su-30MKI's canards and thrust vectoring nozzles are two prominent features over the basic MK variant.[54]
 
Nosewheel of a Su-30MKI; note the externally mounted drag brace is fixed to the fuselage instead of the gear leg
 
Two Su-30MKIs during a Thach Weave manoeuvre
 
N011M Bars radar
 
OLS optical detection pod used on Sukhoi aircraft.
 
Elta EL/M-8222 Self-Protection Pod mounted on Under wing pylon
 
Tail section of a Su-30MKI. Note the thrust vectoring of the engine nozzles

Characteristics edit

The Su-30MKI is a highly integrated twin-finned aircraft. The airframe is constructed of titanium and high-strength aluminium alloys. The engine intake ramps and nacelles are fitted with trouser fairings to provide a continuous streamlined profile between the nacelles and the tail beams. The fins and horizontal tail consoles are attached to tail beams. The central beam section between the engine nacelles consists of the equipment compartment, fuel tank and the brake parachute container. The fuselage head is of semi-monocoque construction and includes the cockpit, radar compartments and the avionics bay.

Su-30MKI aerodynamic configuration is a longitudinal triplane with relaxed stability. The canard increases the aircraft lift ability and deflects automatically to allow high angle of attack (AoA) flights allowing it to perform Pugachev's Cobra. The integral aerodynamic configuration combined with thrust vectoring results in extremely capable manoeuvrability, taking off and landing characteristics. This high agility allows rapid deployment of weapons in any direction as desired by the crew. The canard notably assists in controlling the aircraft at large angles-of-attack and bringing it to a level flight condition. The aircraft has a fly-by-wire (FBW) with quadruple redundancy. Dependent on flight conditions, signals from the control stick position transmitter or the FCS may be coupled to remote control amplifiers and combined with feedback signals from acceleration sensors and rate gyros. The resultant control signals are coupled to the high-speed electro-hydraulic actuators of the elevators, rudders and the canard. The output signals are compared and, if the difference is significant, the faulty channel is disconnected. FBW is based on a stall warning and barrier mechanism which prevents stalls through dramatic increases of control stick pressure, allowing a pilot to effectively control the aircraft without exceeding the angle of attack and acceleration limitations. Although the maximum angle of attack is limited by the canards, the FBW acts as an additional safety mechanism.

The Su-30MKI has a range of 3,000 km with internal fuel which ensures a 3.75 hour combat mission. Also, it has an in-flight refueling (IFR) probe that retracts beside the cockpit during normal operation. The air refueling system increases the flight duration up to 10 hours with a range of 3,000 km combat radius.[55] Su-30MKIs can also use the Cobham 754 buddy refueling pods.[56][57]

The Su-30MKI's radar cross-section (RCS) is reportedly from 4 to 20 square metres.[58][59]

Cockpit edit

The displays include a customised version of the Israeli Elbit Su 967 head-up display (HUD) consisting of bi-cubic phase conjugated holographic displays and seven multifunction liquid-crystal displays, six 127 mm × 127 mm and one 152 mm × 152 mm. Flight information is displayed on four LCD displays which include one for piloting and navigation, a tactical situation indicator, and two for display systems information including operating modes and overall status. Variants of this HUD have also been chosen for the IAF's Mikoyan MiG-27 and SEPECAT Jaguar upgrades for standardisation. The rear cockpit has a larger monochrome display for air-to-surface missile guidance.[citation needed]

The Su-30MKI on-board health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) monitors almost every aircraft system and sub-system, and can also act as an engineering data recorder. From 2010, indigenously designed and built HUDs and Multi-Function Displays (MFD) were produced by the Delhi-based Samtel Group Display Systems.[60]

The crew are provided with zero-zero NPP Zvezda K-36DM ejection seats. The rear seat is raised for better visibility. The cockpit is provided with containers to store food and water reserves, a waste disposal system and extra oxygen bottles. The K-36DM ejection seat is inclined at 30°, to help the pilot resist aircraft accelerations in air combat.

Avionics edit

The forward-facing NIIP N011M Bars (Panther) is a powerful integrated passive electronically scanned array radar. The N011M is a digital multi-mode dual frequency band radar.[61] The N011M can function in air-to-air and air-to-land/sea mode simultaneously while being tied into a high-precision laser-inertial or GPS navigation system. It is equipped with a modern digital weapons control system as well as anti-jamming features. N011M has a 400 km search range and a maximum 200 km tracking range, and 60 km in the rear hemisphere.[62] The radar can track 15 air targets and engage 4 simultaneously.[62] These targets can even include cruise missiles and motionless helicopters. The Su-30MKI can function as a mini-AWACS as a director or command post for other aircraft. The target co-ordinates can be transferred automatically to at least four other aircraft. The radar can detect ground targets such as tanks at 40–50 km.[62] The Bars radar will be replaced by Zhuk-AESA in all Su-30MKI aircraft.[63]

OLS-30 laser-optical Infra-red search and track includes a day and night FLIR capability and is used in conjunction with the helmet mounted sighting system. The OLS-30 is a combined IRST/LR device using a cooled, broad waveband sensor. Detection range is up to 90 km, while the laser ranger is effective to 3.5 km. Targets are displayed on the same LCD display as the radar. Israeli LITENING targeting pod is used to target laser guided munitions. The original Litening pod includes a long range FLIR, a TV camera, laser spot tracker to pick up target designated by other aircraft or ground forces, and an electro-optical point and inertial tracker, which enables engagement of the target even when partly obscured by clouds or countermeasures; it also integrates a laser range-finder and flash-lamp powered laser designator for the delivery of laser-guided bombs, cluster and general-purpose bomb.[citation needed]

The aircraft is fitted with a satellite navigation system (A-737 GPS compatible), which permits it to make flights in all weather, day and night. The navigation complex includes the high accuracy SAGEM Sigma-95 integrated global positioning system and ring laser gyroscope inertial navigation system. Phase 3 of further development of the MKI, will integrate avionic systems being developed for the Indo-Russian Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft programme.[64]

Sukhoi Su-30MKI has electronic counter-measure systems. The RWR system is of Indian design, developed by India's DRDO, called Tarang, (Wave in English). It has direction finding capability and is known to have a programmable threat library. The RWR is derived from work done on an earlier system for India's MiG-23BNs known as the Tranquil, which is now superseded by the more advanced Tarang series. Elta EL/M-8222 a self-protection jammer developed by Israel Aircraft Industries is the MKI's standard EW pod, which the Israeli Air Force uses on its F-15s. The ELTA El/M-8222 Self Protection Pod is a power-managed jammer, air-cooled system with an ESM receiver integrated into the pod. The pod contains an antenna on the forward and aft ends, which receive the hostile RF signal and after processing deliver the appropriate response.

Propulsion edit

The Su-30MKI is powered by two Lyulka-Saturn AL-31FP turbofans, each rated at 12,500 kgf (27,550 lbf) of full after-burning thrust, which enable speeds of up to Mach 2 in horizontal flight and a rate of climb of 230 m/s. The mean time between overhaul is reportedly 1,000 hours with a full-life span of 3,000 hours; the titanium nozzle has a mean time between overhaul of 500 hours. In early 2015, Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar stated before Parliament that the AL-31FP had suffered numerous failures, between the end of 2012 and early 2015, a total of 69 Su-30MKI engine-related failures had occurred; commons causes were bearing failures due to metal fatigue and low oil pressure, in response several engine modifications were made to improve lubrication, as well as the use of higher quality oil and adjustments to the fitting of bearings.[65]

The Su-30MKI's AL-31FP powerplant built on the earlier AL-31FU, adding two-plane thrust vectoring nozzles are mounted 32 degrees outward to longitudinal engine axis (i.e. in the horizontal plane) and can be deflected ±15 degrees in one plane. The canting allows the aircraft to produce both roll and yaw by vectoring each engine nozzle differently; this allows the aircraft to create thrust vectoring moments about all three rotational axes, pitch, yaw and roll. Engine thrust is adjusted via a conventional engine throttle lever as opposed to a strain-gauge engine control stick. The aircraft is controlled by a standard control stick. The pilot can activate a switch for performing difficult maneuvers; while this is enabled, the computer automatically determines the deflection angles of the swiveling nozzles and aerodynamic surfaces.[66]

Operational history edit

 
IAF Su-30MKIs deployed to the Nellis Air Force Base to participate in the Red Flag 08-4 air combat exercise

The Sukhoi Su-30MKI is the most potent fighter jet in service with the Indian Air Force in the late 2000s.[67] The MKIs are often fielded by the IAF in bilateral and multilateral air exercises. India exercised its Su-30MKIs against the Royal Air Force's Tornado ADVs in October 2006.[68] This was the first large-scale bilateral aerial exercise with any foreign air force during which the IAF used its Su-30MKIs extensively. This exercise was also the first in 43 years with the RAF. During the exercise, the RAF Air Chief Marshal Glenn Torpy was given permission by the IAF to fly the MKI.[69] RAF's Air Vice Marshal, Christopher Harper, praised the MKI's dogfight ability, calling it "absolutely masterful in dogfights".[70]

 
Su-30 MKI doing in-flight refueling from Ilyushin Il-78 during Konkan Shakti 21

In July 2007, the Indian Air Force fielded the Su-30MKI during the Indra-Dhanush exercise with Royal Air Force's Eurofighter Typhoon. This was the first time that the two fighters took part in such an exercise.[71][72] The IAF did not allow their pilots to use the radar of the MKIs during the exercise so as to protect the highly classified N011M Bars radar system.[73] Also in the exercise were RAF Tornado F3s and a Hawk. RAF Tornado pilots were candid in their admission of the Su-30MKI's superior manoeuvring in the air, and the IAF pilots were impressed by the Typhoon's agility.[74]

In 2004, India sent Su-30MKs, an earlier variant of the Su-30MKI, to take part in war games with the United States Air Force (USAF) during Cope India 04. The results have been widely publicised, with the Indians winning "90% of the mock combat missions" against the USAF's F-15C. The parameters of the exercise heavily favored the IAF; none of the six 3rd Wing F-15Cs were equipped with the newer long-range, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars and, at India's request, the U.S. agreed to mock combat at 3-to-1 odds and without the use of simulated long-range, radar-guided AIM-120 AMRAAMs for beyond-visual-range kills.[75][76] In Cope India 05, the Su-30MKIs reportedly beat the USAF's F-16s.[77]

In July 2008, the IAF sent 6 Su-30MKIs and 2 Il-78MKI aerial-refueling tankers, to participate in the Red Flag exercise.[78] The IAF again did not allow their pilots to use the radar of the MKIs during the exercise so as to protect the highly classified N011M Bars. In October 2008, a video surfaced on the internet which featured a USAF colonel, Terrence Fornof, criticising Su-30MKI's performance against the F-15C, engine serviceability issues, and high friendly kill rate during the Red Flag exercise.[79][80] Several of his claims were later rebutted by the Indian side and the USAF also distanced itself from his remarks.[81][82]

In June 2010, India and France began the fourth round of their joint air exercises, "Garuda", at the Istres Air Base in France. During Garuda, the IAF and the French Air Force were engaged in various missions ranging from close combat engagement of large forces, slow mover protection, protecting and engaging high value aerial assets. This exercise marked the first time the Su-30MKI took part in a military exercise in France.[83]

The Indian Air Force first took part in the United States Air Force's Red Flag exercise in 2008. Participating in Red Flag costs the IAF ₹ 100 crore (US$17.5 million) each time. To reduce costs, the IAF decided to take part once every five years. The IAF is taking part[needs update] in the Red Flag exercise in July 2013, at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, United States. For the exercise, it is dispatching[needs update] eight Su-30MKIs, two Lockheed C-130J Hercules tactical aircraft, two Ilyushin Il-78 (NATO reporting name "Midas") mid-air refueling tankers, one Ilyushin Il-76 (NATO reporting name "Candid") heavy-lift aircraft, and over 150 personnel.[84]

The IAF again fielded its MKIs in the Garuda-V exercise with France in June 2014, where they manoeuvred in mixed groups with other IAF aircraft and French Rafales.[85][86]

 
RAF Typhoon and Su-30MKI during Indradhanush 2015.

On 21 July 2015, India and UK began the bilateral exercise named Indradhanush with aircraft operating from three Royal Air Force bases. The exercises included both Beyond Visual Range (BVR) and Within Visual Range (WVR) exercises between the Su-30MKI and Eurofighter Typhoon. Indian media reported the results were in favour of the IAF with a score of 12–0 at WVR engagements. They also claim that the IAF Su-30MKIs held an edge over the Typhoons in BVR engagements though not in as dominating a manner.[87] The RAF issued a statement that the results being reported by the Indian media did not reflect the results of the exercise.[88] According to Aviation International News, "In close combat, thrust vector control on the Flankers more than compensated for the greater thrust-to-weight ratio of the Typhoon".[89]

On 26 February 2019, four Sukhoi Su-30MKIs escorted Mirage 2000s into the Pakistani airspace for the Balakot airstrike on an alleged Jaish-e-Mohammed camp.[90][91][92] The following day, two Su-30MKIs on combat air patrol were reportedly attacked by multiple Pakistani F-16s using AMRAAM missiles. The missiles were successfully dodged according to India.[93][94] The debris of an AMRAAM missile was later recovered and displayed by the IAF to disprove the Pakistani claim of not using the F-16.[95] Pakistani media claimed that PAF had downed an Indian Sukhoi Su-30MKI in the aerial skirmish.[96] The Indian Air Force stated that all dispatched Sukhoi aircraft returned safely with the only confirmed loss was a MiG-21.[97][98][99] On 8 October 2019, during the Indian Air Force Day celebrations, the IAF reportedly flew the Su-30MKI that Pakistan claimed to have shot down.[100][101]

On 18 March 2022, it was reported that India ordered 12 Su-30MKIs.[102] In May 2022, the Indian government suspended the Su-30MKI order due to concerns over Moscow's ability to deliver parts to Hindustan Aeronautics and issues related to payment transfers.[103]

On 15 September 2023, the India preliminary approved Rs 11,500 crore to procure 12 Su-30MKIs for the air force with more than 60% indigenous content to replace jets that have crashed.[104]

Operators edit

 
Indian Air Force Su-30MKI
A Sukhoi Su-30MKI of the No. 102 Squadron IAF flying over Lengeri village, Assam, India.
  India

Accidents and incidents edit

As of April 2023, 12 Su-30MKIs had been lost to crashes since the introduction of aircraft in 2000.[117]

Specifications (Su-30MKI) edit

 
BrahMos missile under Su-30MKI model at MAKS-2009

Data from Irkut,[118] Sukhoi,[119] deagel.com[120]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 21.935 m (72 ft 0 in)
  • Wingspan: 14.7 m (48 ft 3 in)
  • Height: 6.36 m (20 ft 10 in)
  • Wing area: 62 m2 (670 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 18,400 kg (40,565 lb)
  • Gross weight: 26,090 kg (57,519 lb) (typical mission weight)[118]
  • Max takeoff weight: 38,800 kg (85,539 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 9640 kg (internal)[119]
  • Powerplant: 2 × Lyulka AL-31FP afterburning turbofan engines, 123 kN (28,000 lbf) with afterburner

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 2,120 km/h (1,320 mph, 1,140 kn) / Mach2.0 at high altitude
1,350 km/h (840 mph; 730 kn) / M1.09 at low altitude
  • Range: 3,000 km (1,900 mi, 1,600 nmi) at high altitude
1,270 km (790 mi; 690 nmi) at low altitude
  • Ferry range: 8,000 km (5,000 mi, 4,300 nmi) with two in-flight refuellings[119]
  • Service ceiling: 17,300 m (56,800 ft)
  • g limits: +9
  • Rate of climb: 300 m/s (59,000 ft/min) +
  • Wing loading: 401 kg/m2 (82 lb/sq ft)

Armament

Other

Avionics

See also edit

Related development

Related lists

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ MKI stands for Russian Модернизированный Коммерческий Индийский, transliteration Modernizirovannyy Kommercheskiy Indiyskiy, meaning "Modernised Commercial for India".
  2. ^ A close cousin of the Su-30MKI is the Malaysian version, the Su-30MKM.

Citations edit

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  2. ^ . defenceaviationpost.com. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 9 April 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  3. ^ "India to build Russian fighters". BBC News. 28 December 2000. from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  4. ^ . AccessMyLibrary.com. 17 September 2002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  5. ^ "Su-30MKI Multirole Fighter Aircraft". airforce-technology.com. 22 May 2020. from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  6. ^ "How Sukhoi-30 fighter jets will help check Chinese footprint in Indian Ocean". Hindustan Times. 20 January 2020. from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  7. ^ Pandit, Rajat (30 January 2010). . The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2 February 2010.
  8. ^ Butowski, Piotr (1 March 2002). . Interavia Business & Technology. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2011 – via HighBeam.com.
  9. ^ "Sukhoi Su-35 (Flanker-E / Super Flanker)". MilitaryFactory.com. 29 July 2020. from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Su-30МК – Historical background." 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Sukhoi Company (JSC). Retrieved 30 September 2012.
  11. ^ "Orders For Su-30MKI Fighters Top $5 Billions." 8 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine RTAF, 4 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  12. ^ a b Kopp, Dr. Carlo (1 April 2012). "Sukhoi Flankers The Shifting Balance of Regional Air Power". Air Power Australia. from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  13. ^ "Sukhoi Su-30SM An Indian Gift to Russia's Air Force". RIA Novosti. 23 March 2012. from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
  14. ^ Malhotra, Jyoti. "Delhi tightrope on Israel red carpet." 2013-02-24 at the Wayback Machine The Indian Express, 20 August 2003. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  15. ^ "PIB Press Release." 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine NIC. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  16. ^ "Sukhoi Su-30 story in colours. Sukhoi Su-30 fighter worldwide camouflage and painting schemes. Prototypes, experimental planes, variants, serial and licensed production, deliveries, units, numbers. Russia, India, China, Malaysia, Venezuela, Belarus, Ukraine, Algeria, Vietnam, Eritrea, Angola, Uganda, Egypt". from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  17. ^ "India Wants to Make Russia's Su-30MKI Air Superiority Fighter Great Again". 10 November 2019. from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
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Bibliography edit

  • Eden, Paul, ed. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London, UK: Amber Books. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
  • Gordon, Yefim (1999). Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker: Air Superiority Fighter. London: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-029-7.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukhoi Su-30MKI.
  • Amateur website about Su-30MKI

November 26, 2023
sukhoi, 30mki, nato, reporting, name, flanker, seater, twinjet, multirole, superiority, fighter, developed, russian, aircraft, manufacturer, sukhoi, built, under, licence, india, hindustan, aeronautics, limited, indian, force, variant, sukhoi, heavy, weather, . The Sukhoi Su 30MKI a NATO reporting name Flanker H is a two seater twinjet multirole air superiority fighter developed by Russian aircraft manufacturer Sukhoi and built under licence by India s Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HAL for the Indian Air Force IAF A variant of the Sukhoi Su 30 it is a heavy all weather long range fighter Su 30MKIAn Indian Air Force Su 30MKIRole Multirole fighter air superiority fighterNational origin Russia IndiaManufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics LimitedDesign group SukhoiFirst flight Su 30MK 1 July 1997 26 years ago 1997 07 01 Su 30MKI 2000 23 years ago 2000 Introduction 27 September 2002Status In servicePrimary user Indian Air ForceProduced Su 30MKI 2000 presentNumber built 272 as of March 2020 1 2 Developed from Sukhoi Su 30Variants Sukhoi Su 30MKM Sukhoi Su 30MKADevelopment of the variant started after India signed a deal with Russia in 2000 to manufacture 140 Su 30 fighter jets 3 The first Russian made Su 30MKI variant was accepted into the Indian Air Force in 2002 4 while the first Su 30MKI assembled in India entered service with the IAF in November 2004 5 The IAF has nearly 260 Su 30MKIs in inventory as of January 2020 update 6 The Su 30MKI is expected to form the backbone of the IAF s fighter fleet to 2020 and beyond 7 The aircraft is tailor made for Indian specifications and integrates Indian systems and avionics as well as French and Israeli sub systems 8 It has abilities similar to the Sukhoi Su 35 with which it shares many features and components b 9 Contents 1 Development 1 1 Origins and acquisition 1 2 Upgrades 2 Design 2 1 Characteristics 2 2 Cockpit 2 3 Avionics 2 4 Propulsion 3 Operational history 4 Operators 5 Accidents and incidents 6 Specifications Su 30MKI 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Notes 8 2 Citations 8 3 Bibliography 9 External linksDevelopment editOrigins and acquisition edit The Su 30MKI was designed by Russia s Sukhoi Corporation beginning in 1995 and built under licence by India s Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HAL 10 11 The Su 30MKI is derived from the Sukhoi Su 27 and has a fusion of technology from the Su 37 demonstrator and Su 30 program 12 being more advanced than the baseline Su 30 12 Russia s Defence Ministry was impressed with the type s performance envelope and ordered 30 Su 30SMs a localised Su 30MKI for the Russian Air Force 13 It features state of the art avionics developed by Russia India and Israel for display navigation targeting and electronic warfare France and South Africa provided other avionics 14 15 After two years of evaluation and negotiations on 30 November 1996 India signed a US 1 462 billion deal with Sukhoi for 50 Russian produced Su 30MKIs in five batches The first batch were eight Su 30Ks the basic export version of Su 30 designated Su 30MKI I by India The second batch of 10 were also Su 30Ks but equipped with French and Israeli avionics designated Su 30MKI I by India The third batch were to be 10 Su 30MKIs featuring canard foreplanes The fourth batch of 12 Su 30MKIs and fifth batch of 10 Su 30MKIs were to have the AL 31FP turbofans Initially the Su 30Ks were to be upgraded to final Su 30MKI configuration but were instead returned to Russia between 2007 and 2011 16 In October 2000 a memorandum of understanding MoU was signed for Indian licence production of 140 Su 30MKIs in December 2000 a deal was sealed at Russia s Irkutsk aircraft plant for full technology transfer The Indian Air Force IAF has ordered 272 aircraft of which 50 were to be delivered by Russia in 2002 2004 and 2007 The rest of 222 planes are to be produced under license at HAL s Indian facilities in 2004 17 The first Nasik built Su 30MKIs were to be delivered by 2004 with staggered production until 2017 18 In November 2002 the delivery schedule was expedited with production to be completed by 2015 18 An estimated 920 AL 31FP turbofans are to be manufactured at HAL s Koraput Division while the mainframe and other accessories are to be manufactured at HAL s Lucknow and Hyderabad divisions Final integration and test flights of the aircraft are carried out at HAL s Nasik Division 19 Four manufacturing phases were outlined with progressively increasing Indian content Phase I II III and IV In phase I HAL manufactured the Su 30MKIs from knocked down kits transitioning to semi knocked down kits in phase II and III in phase IV HAL produced aircraft from scratch from 2013 onwards 20 21 nbsp IAF Su 30MKIIn 2007 another order of 40 Su 30MKIs was placed In 2009 the planned fleet strength was to be 230 aircraft 22 In 2008 Samtel HAL Display Systems SHDS a joint venture between Samtel Display Systems and HAL won a contract to develop and manufacture multi function avionics displays for the MKI 23 A helmet mounted display Topsight I based on technology from Thales and developed by SHDS will be integrated on the Su 30MKI in the next upgrade In March 2010 it was reported that India and Russia were discussing a contract for 42 more Su 30MKIs citation needed In June 2010 it was reported that the Cabinet Committee on Security had cleared the 15 000 crore US 1 9 billion deal and that the 42 aircraft would be in service by 2018 24 25 By August 2010 the cost increased to 4 3 billion or 102 million each 26 This increased unit cost compared to the previous unit cost of 40 million in 2007 has led to the rumours that these latest order of 42 Su 30MKIs are for the Strategic Forces Command SFC and these aircraft will be optimised and hardwired for nuclear weapons delivery The SFC had previously submitted a proposal to the Indian Defence Ministry for setting up two dedicated squadrons of fighters consisting of 40 aircraft capable of delivering nuclear weapons 27 HAL expected that indigenisation of the Su 30MKI programme would be completed by 2010 V Balakrishnan general manager of the Aircraft Manufacturing Division stated that HAL will achieve 100 per cent indigenisation of the Sukhoi aircraft from the production of raw materials to the final plane assembly 28 As of 2017 HAL manufactures more than 80 of the aircraft 29 On 11 October 2012 the Indian Government confirmed plans to buy another 42 Su 30MKI aircraft 30 On 24 December 2012 India ordered assembly kits for 42 Su 30MKIs by signing a deal during President Putin s visit to India citation needed This increases India s order total to 272 Su 30MKIs 30 In June 2018 India has reportedly decided not to order any further Su 30s as they feel its cost of maintenance is very high compared to Western aircraft 31 In June 2020 India decided to place an order for 12 more Su 30MKI aircraft along with 21 MiG 29s The Su 30MKI order is to compensate for losses due to crashes to maintain the sanctioned strength of 272 Su 30MKIs The MiG 29 order was placed to form a fourth MiG 29 squadron to bolster depleted IAF strength The MiGs were ordered despite being an older platform since they were deliverable within a 2 3 year timeframe because they were built for an order that was previously canceled and since they were very reasonably priced compared to newer aircraft 32 Upgrades edit nbsp IAF Su 30MKI firing Brahmos ERIn 2004 India signed a deal with Russia to domestically produce the Novator K 100 missile designed to shoot down airborne early warning and control AEW amp C and C4ISTAR aircraft for the Su 30MKI 33 however the project did not proceed citation needed Although not initially designed to carry nuclear or strategic weapons India has considered integrating an air launched version of the nuclear capable Nirbhay 34 In May 2010 India Today reported that Russia had won a contract to upgrade 40 Su 30MKIs with new radars onboard computers electronic warfare systems and the ability to carry the BrahMos cruise missile The first two prototypes with the Super 30 upgrade will be delivered to the IAF in 2012 after which the upgrades will be performed on the last batch of 40 production aircraft 35 The Brahmos missile integrated on the Su 30MKI will provide the capability to attack ground targets from stand off ranges of around 300 km 36 On 25 June 2016 HAL conducted the first test flight of a Su 30MKI fitted with a BrahMos A missile from Nashik India The first air launch of BrahMos from a Su 30MKI was successfully carried out on 22 November 2017 37 38 India was planning to upgrade its Su 30MKI fighters with Russian Phazotron Zhuk AE Active electronically scanned array AESA radars The X band radar can track 30 aerial targets in the track while scan mode and engage six targets simultaneously in attack mode AESA technology offers improved performance and reliability compared with traditional mechanically scanned array radars 39 On 18 August 2010 India s Minister of Defence A K Antony stated the current estimated cost for the upgrade was 10 920 crore US 1 billion and the aircraft are likely to be upgraded in phases beginning in 2012 40 The Indian Defence Ministry proposed several upgrades for the Su 30MKI to the Indian Parliament including the fitting of Russian Phazotron Zhuk AE AESA radars starting in 2012 41 During MMRCA trials the Zhuk AE AESA radar demonstrated significant capabilities including ground mapping modes and the ability to detect and track aerial targets 42 At the 2011 MAKS air show Irkut chairman Alexy Fedorov offered an upgrade package with an improved radar and reduced radar signature to the Indian fleet to make them Super Sukhois 43 44 But the plan for equipping the jets with Russian AESA radar was dropped in favor of phase wise upgradation of the jets with Indian avionics like by equipping the jets with Indian made Uttam AESA 45 The jets got the first phase Super Sukhoi upgrade with the addition of the Astra missile a 110 km range BVR missile more capable than the R 77 India also started to replace the Russian made fly by wire system with an Indian made Flight Control system and even adopted a new digital RWR Radar Warning Receiver to replace the outdated manual Radar Warning Receiver previously used 46 In 2012 upgrades of the earlier 80 Su 30MKIs involves equipping them with stand off missiles with a range of 300 km a request for information ROI was issued for such weapons 47 In 2011 India issued a request for information to MBDA for the integration of the Brimstone ground attack missile and the long range Meteor air to air missile 48 In February 2017 it was reported that the planes would be upgraded with AL 41F turbofan engines the same as the ones on the Sukhoi Su 35 citation needed In August 2017 the Indian government cleared a proposal of 30 000 crore US 4 billion to equip the planes with new reconnaissance pods 49 India is planning to increase the Su 30MKI s BVR engagement capability by arming its entire fleet with the indigenous Astra BVR missile 50 having a range of 110 km 51 and the Israeli Derby after it was found that the R 77 active radar homing BVR missile has inadequate performance 52 In September 2019 the Astra was in multiple user trials by Indian Air Force to validate its lethality for the Su 30MKI 53 Design editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Su 30MKI s canards and thrust vectoring nozzles are two prominent features over the basic MK variant 54 nbsp Nosewheel of a Su 30MKI note the externally mounted drag brace is fixed to the fuselage instead of the gear leg nbsp Two Su 30MKIs during a Thach Weave manoeuvre nbsp N011M Bars radar nbsp OLS optical detection pod used on Sukhoi aircraft nbsp Elta EL M 8222 Self Protection Pod mounted on Under wing pylon nbsp Tail section of a Su 30MKI Note the thrust vectoring of the engine nozzles Characteristics edit The Su 30MKI is a highly integrated twin finned aircraft The airframe is constructed of titanium and high strength aluminium alloys The engine intake ramps and nacelles are fitted with trouser fairings to provide a continuous streamlined profile between the nacelles and the tail beams The fins and horizontal tail consoles are attached to tail beams The central beam section between the engine nacelles consists of the equipment compartment fuel tank and the brake parachute container The fuselage head is of semi monocoque construction and includes the cockpit radar compartments and the avionics bay Su 30MKI aerodynamic configuration is a longitudinal triplane with relaxed stability The canard increases the aircraft lift ability and deflects automatically to allow high angle of attack AoA flights allowing it to perform Pugachev s Cobra The integral aerodynamic configuration combined with thrust vectoring results in extremely capable manoeuvrability taking off and landing characteristics This high agility allows rapid deployment of weapons in any direction as desired by the crew The canard notably assists in controlling the aircraft at large angles of attack and bringing it to a level flight condition The aircraft has a fly by wire FBW with quadruple redundancy Dependent on flight conditions signals from the control stick position transmitter or the FCS may be coupled to remote control amplifiers and combined with feedback signals from acceleration sensors and rate gyros The resultant control signals are coupled to the high speed electro hydraulic actuators of the elevators rudders and the canard The output signals are compared and if the difference is significant the faulty channel is disconnected FBW is based on a stall warning and barrier mechanism which prevents stalls through dramatic increases of control stick pressure allowing a pilot to effectively control the aircraft without exceeding the angle of attack and acceleration limitations Although the maximum angle of attack is limited by the canards the FBW acts as an additional safety mechanism The Su 30MKI has a range of 3 000 km with internal fuel which ensures a 3 75 hour combat mission Also it has an in flight refueling IFR probe that retracts beside the cockpit during normal operation The air refueling system increases the flight duration up to 10 hours with a range of 3 000 km combat radius 55 Su 30MKIs can also use the Cobham 754 buddy refueling pods 56 57 The Su 30MKI s radar cross section RCS is reportedly from 4 to 20 square metres 58 59 Cockpit edit The displays include a customised version of the Israeli Elbit Su 967 head up display HUD consisting of bi cubic phase conjugated holographic displays and seven multifunction liquid crystal displays six 127 mm 127 mm and one 152 mm 152 mm Flight information is displayed on four LCD displays which include one for piloting and navigation a tactical situation indicator and two for display systems information including operating modes and overall status Variants of this HUD have also been chosen for the IAF s Mikoyan MiG 27 and SEPECAT Jaguar upgrades for standardisation The rear cockpit has a larger monochrome display for air to surface missile guidance citation needed The Su 30MKI on board health and usage monitoring system HUMS monitors almost every aircraft system and sub system and can also act as an engineering data recorder From 2010 indigenously designed and built HUDs and Multi Function Displays MFD were produced by the Delhi based Samtel Group Display Systems 60 The crew are provided with zero zero NPP Zvezda K 36DM ejection seats The rear seat is raised for better visibility The cockpit is provided with containers to store food and water reserves a waste disposal system and extra oxygen bottles The K 36DM ejection seat is inclined at 30 to help the pilot resist aircraft accelerations in air combat Avionics edit The forward facing NIIP N011M Bars Panther is a powerful integrated passive electronically scanned array radar The N011M is a digital multi mode dual frequency band radar 61 The N011M can function in air to air and air to land sea mode simultaneously while being tied into a high precision laser inertial or GPS navigation system It is equipped with a modern digital weapons control system as well as anti jamming features N011M has a 400 km search range and a maximum 200 km tracking range and 60 km in the rear hemisphere 62 The radar can track 15 air targets and engage 4 simultaneously 62 These targets can even include cruise missiles and motionless helicopters The Su 30MKI can function as a mini AWACS as a director or command post for other aircraft The target co ordinates can be transferred automatically to at least four other aircraft The radar can detect ground targets such as tanks at 40 50 km 62 The Bars radar will be replaced by Zhuk AESA in all Su 30MKI aircraft 63 OLS 30 laser optical Infra red search and track includes a day and night FLIR capability and is used in conjunction with the helmet mounted sighting system The OLS 30 is a combined IRST LR device using a cooled broad waveband sensor Detection range is up to 90 km while the laser ranger is effective to 3 5 km Targets are displayed on the same LCD display as the radar Israeli LITENING targeting pod is used to target laser guided munitions The original Litening pod includes a long range FLIR a TV camera laser spot tracker to pick up target designated by other aircraft or ground forces and an electro optical point and inertial tracker which enables engagement of the target even when partly obscured by clouds or countermeasures it also integrates a laser range finder and flash lamp powered laser designator for the delivery of laser guided bombs cluster and general purpose bomb citation needed The aircraft is fitted with a satellite navigation system A 737 GPS compatible which permits it to make flights in all weather day and night The navigation complex includes the high accuracy SAGEM Sigma 95 integrated global positioning system and ring laser gyroscope inertial navigation system Phase 3 of further development of the MKI will integrate avionic systems being developed for the Indo Russian Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft programme 64 Sukhoi Su 30MKI has electronic counter measure systems The RWR system is of Indian design developed by India s DRDO called Tarang Wave in English It has direction finding capability and is known to have a programmable threat library The RWR is derived from work done on an earlier system for India s MiG 23BNs known as the Tranquil which is now superseded by the more advanced Tarang series Elta EL M 8222 a self protection jammer developed by Israel Aircraft Industries is the MKI s standard EW pod which the Israeli Air Force uses on its F 15s The ELTA El M 8222 Self Protection Pod is a power managed jammer air cooled system with an ESM receiver integrated into the pod The pod contains an antenna on the forward and aft ends which receive the hostile RF signal and after processing deliver the appropriate response Propulsion edit The Su 30MKI is powered by two Lyulka Saturn AL 31FP turbofans each rated at 12 500 kgf 27 550 lbf of full after burning thrust which enable speeds of up to Mach 2 in horizontal flight and a rate of climb of 230 m s The mean time between overhaul is reportedly 1 000 hours with a full life span of 3 000 hours the titanium nozzle has a mean time between overhaul of 500 hours In early 2015 Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar stated before Parliament that the AL 31FP had suffered numerous failures between the end of 2012 and early 2015 a total of 69 Su 30MKI engine related failures had occurred commons causes were bearing failures due to metal fatigue and low oil pressure in response several engine modifications were made to improve lubrication as well as the use of higher quality oil and adjustments to the fitting of bearings 65 The Su 30MKI s AL 31FP powerplant built on the earlier AL 31FU adding two plane thrust vectoring nozzles are mounted 32 degrees outward to longitudinal engine axis i e in the horizontal plane and can be deflected 15 degrees in one plane The canting allows the aircraft to produce both roll and yaw by vectoring each engine nozzle differently this allows the aircraft to create thrust vectoring moments about all three rotational axes pitch yaw and roll Engine thrust is adjusted via a conventional engine throttle lever as opposed to a strain gauge engine control stick The aircraft is controlled by a standard control stick The pilot can activate a switch for performing difficult maneuvers while this is enabled the computer automatically determines the deflection angles of the swiveling nozzles and aerodynamic surfaces 66 Operational history edit nbsp IAF Su 30MKIs deployed to the Nellis Air Force Base to participate in the Red Flag 08 4 air combat exerciseThe Sukhoi Su 30MKI is the most potent fighter jet in service with the Indian Air Force in the late 2000s 67 The MKIs are often fielded by the IAF in bilateral and multilateral air exercises India exercised its Su 30MKIs against the Royal Air Force s Tornado ADVs in October 2006 68 This was the first large scale bilateral aerial exercise with any foreign air force during which the IAF used its Su 30MKIs extensively This exercise was also the first in 43 years with the RAF During the exercise the RAF Air Chief Marshal Glenn Torpy was given permission by the IAF to fly the MKI 69 RAF s Air Vice Marshal Christopher Harper praised the MKI s dogfight ability calling it absolutely masterful in dogfights 70 nbsp Su 30 MKI doing in flight refueling from Ilyushin Il 78 during Konkan Shakti 21In July 2007 the Indian Air Force fielded the Su 30MKI during the Indra Dhanush exercise with Royal Air Force s Eurofighter Typhoon This was the first time that the two fighters took part in such an exercise 71 72 The IAF did not allow their pilots to use the radar of the MKIs during the exercise so as to protect the highly classified N011M Bars radar system 73 Also in the exercise were RAF Tornado F3s and a Hawk RAF Tornado pilots were candid in their admission of the Su 30MKI s superior manoeuvring in the air and the IAF pilots were impressed by the Typhoon s agility 74 In 2004 India sent Su 30MKs an earlier variant of the Su 30MKI to take part in war games with the United States Air Force USAF during Cope India 04 The results have been widely publicised with the Indians winning 90 of the mock combat missions against the USAF s F 15C The parameters of the exercise heavily favored the IAF none of the six 3rd Wing F 15Cs were equipped with the newer long range active electronically scanned array AESA radars and at India s request the U S agreed to mock combat at 3 to 1 odds and without the use of simulated long range radar guided AIM 120 AMRAAMs for beyond visual range kills 75 76 In Cope India 05 the Su 30MKIs reportedly beat the USAF s F 16s 77 In July 2008 the IAF sent 6 Su 30MKIs and 2 Il 78MKI aerial refueling tankers to participate in the Red Flag exercise 78 The IAF again did not allow their pilots to use the radar of the MKIs during the exercise so as to protect the highly classified N011M Bars In October 2008 a video surfaced on the internet which featured a USAF colonel Terrence Fornof criticising Su 30MKI s performance against the F 15C engine serviceability issues and high friendly kill rate during the Red Flag exercise 79 80 Several of his claims were later rebutted by the Indian side and the USAF also distanced itself from his remarks 81 82 In June 2010 India and France began the fourth round of their joint air exercises Garuda at the Istres Air Base in France During Garuda the IAF and the French Air Force were engaged in various missions ranging from close combat engagement of large forces slow mover protection protecting and engaging high value aerial assets This exercise marked the first time the Su 30MKI took part in a military exercise in France 83 The Indian Air Force first took part in the United States Air Force s Red Flag exercise in 2008 Participating in Red Flag costs the IAF 100 crore US 17 5 million each time To reduce costs the IAF decided to take part once every five years The IAF is taking part needs update in the Red Flag exercise in July 2013 at Nellis Air Force Base Nevada United States For the exercise it is dispatching needs update eight Su 30MKIs two Lockheed C 130J Hercules tactical aircraft two Ilyushin Il 78 NATO reporting name Midas mid air refueling tankers one Ilyushin Il 76 NATO reporting name Candid heavy lift aircraft and over 150 personnel 84 The IAF again fielded its MKIs in the Garuda V exercise with France in June 2014 where they manoeuvred in mixed groups with other IAF aircraft and French Rafales 85 86 nbsp RAF Typhoon and Su 30MKI during Indradhanush 2015 On 21 July 2015 India and UK began the bilateral exercise named Indradhanush with aircraft operating from three Royal Air Force bases The exercises included both Beyond Visual Range BVR and Within Visual Range WVR exercises between the Su 30MKI and Eurofighter Typhoon Indian media reported the results were in favour of the IAF with a score of 12 0 at WVR engagements They also claim that the IAF Su 30MKIs held an edge over the Typhoons in BVR engagements though not in as dominating a manner 87 The RAF issued a statement that the results being reported by the Indian media did not reflect the results of the exercise 88 According to Aviation International News In close combat thrust vector control on the Flankers more than compensated for the greater thrust to weight ratio of the Typhoon 89 On 26 February 2019 four Sukhoi Su 30MKIs escorted Mirage 2000s into the Pakistani airspace for the Balakot airstrike on an alleged Jaish e Mohammed camp 90 91 92 The following day two Su 30MKIs on combat air patrol were reportedly attacked by multiple Pakistani F 16s using AMRAAM missiles The missiles were successfully dodged according to India 93 94 The debris of an AMRAAM missile was later recovered and displayed by the IAF to disprove the Pakistani claim of not using the F 16 95 Pakistani media claimed that PAF had downed an Indian Sukhoi Su 30MKI in the aerial skirmish 96 The Indian Air Force stated that all dispatched Sukhoi aircraft returned safely with the only confirmed loss was a MiG 21 97 98 99 On 8 October 2019 during the Indian Air Force Day celebrations the IAF reportedly flew the Su 30MKI that Pakistan claimed to have shot down 100 101 On 18 March 2022 it was reported that India ordered 12 Su 30MKIs 102 In May 2022 the Indian government suspended the Su 30MKI order due to concerns over Moscow s ability to deliver parts to Hindustan Aeronautics and issues related to payment transfers 103 On 15 September 2023 the India preliminary approved Rs 11 500 crore to procure 12 Su 30MKIs for the air force with more than 60 indigenous content to replace jets that have crashed 104 Operators edit nbsp Indian Air Force Su 30MKI source source source source source source source source A Sukhoi Su 30MKI of the No 102 Squadron IAF flying over Lengeri village Assam India nbsp IndiaIndian Air Force 260 in inventory 105 Bareilly AFS 15 Wing No 8 Squadron IAF Eight Pursoots No 24 Squadron IAF Hawks 106 Chabua AFS 14 Wing No 102 Squadron IAF Trisonics 106 Halwara AFS 9 Wing No 220 Squadron IAF Desert Tigers 106 No 221 Squadron IAF Valiants 107 108 Jodhpur AFS 32 Wing No 31 Squadron IAF Lions 106 Lohegaon AFS 2 Wing No 20 Squadron IAF Lightnings 106 No 30 Squadron IAF Rhinos 106 Sirsa AFS 45 Wing 109 No 15 Squadron IAF Flying Lancers 106 Tezpur AFS 11 Wing No 2 Squadron IAF Winged Arrows 106 No 106 Squadron IAF 110 Lynxes Maharajpur AFS 40 Wing TACDE 111 112 Thanjavur AFS 113 47 Wing No 222 Squadron IAF Tigersharks 114 115 Uttarlai AFS 5 FBSU No 4 Squadron IAF Oorials 116 Accidents and incidents editAs of April 2023 update 12 Su 30MKIs had been lost to crashes since the introduction of aircraft in 2000 117 Specifications Su 30MKI edit nbsp BrahMos missile under Su 30MKI model at MAKS 2009Data from Irkut 118 Sukhoi 119 deagel com 120 General characteristicsCrew 2 Length 21 935 m 72 ft 0 in Wingspan 14 7 m 48 ft 3 in Height 6 36 m 20 ft 10 in Wing area 62 m2 670 sq ft Empty weight 18 400 kg 40 565 lb Gross weight 26 090 kg 57 519 lb typical mission weight 118 Max takeoff weight 38 800 kg 85 539 lb Fuel capacity 9640 kg internal 119 Powerplant 2 Lyulka AL 31FP afterburning turbofan engines 123 kN 28 000 lbf with afterburnerPerformance Maximum speed 2 120 km h 1 320 mph 1 140 kn Mach2 0 at high altitude1 350 km h 840 mph 730 kn M1 09 at low altitude dd dd dd Range 3 000 km 1 900 mi 1 600 nmi at high altitude1 270 km 790 mi 690 nmi at low altitude dd dd dd Ferry range 8 000 km 5 000 mi 4 300 nmi with two in flight refuellings 119 Service ceiling 17 300 m 56 800 ft g limits 9 Rate of climb 300 m s 59 000 ft min Wing loading 401 kg m2 82 lb sq ft Armament Guns 1 30 mm Gryazev Shipunov GSh 30 1 autocannon Hardpoints 12 hardpoints 2 wing tip AAM launch rails 6 pylons under wing 2 pylon under engine nacelles and 2 pylons in tandem in the arch between the engines It can be increased to 14 using multiple ejector racks with a capacity of up to 8 130 kg 17 920 lb with provisions to carry combinations of Rockets 4 S 8 4 S 13 Missiles Air to air missiles 10 R 77 10 I Derby ER 121 10 Astra Mk1 6 R 27ER ET 2 R 27R T 6 R 73 3 K 100 MICA tested successfully 122 Air to surface missiles 3 Kh 59ME 4 Rampage missile 6 Kh 29T L 2 Nirbhay Future Anti ship missiles 3 Kh 59MK 4 Kh 35 6 Kh 31A 1 x BrahMos 123 Anti radiation missiles 6 Rudram 1 124 6 Kh 31P Bombs 8 KAB 500L laser guided bombs 3 KAB 1500L laser guided bombs 3 Sudarshan laser guided bombs 8 FAB 500T bombs 28 OFAB 250 270 bombs 32 OFAB 100 120 bombs Spice 2000 bombs 8 RBK 500 cluster bombs 20 DRDO SAAW glide bombs 3 DRDO Glide BombsOther Litening targeting pod 125 El M 2060P airborne synthetic aperture radar reconnaissance pod 126 EL M 8222 jammer 127 KNIRTI SAP 518 EW pod 128 Chaffs flares Buddy buddy refuelling podAvionics Bars passive electronically scanned array radar 61 DRDO Tarang MK II radar warning receiver 129 OLS 30 laser optical infra red search and track 130 See also edit nbsp Aviation portal nbsp India portalRelated development Sukhoi Su 30 Sukhoi Su 30MKA Sukhoi Su 30MKK Sukhoi Su 30MKM Sukhoi Su 35 Sukhoi Su 37Related lists List of fighter aircraft List of active Indian military aircraftReferences editNotes edit MKI stands for Russian Modernizirovannyj Kommercheskij Indijskij transliteration Modernizirovannyy Kommercheskiy Indiyskiy meaning Modernised Commercial for India A close cousin of the Su 30MKI is the Malaysian version the Su 30MKM Citations edit India completes production of Su 30MKI fighters airrecognition com 2 April 2020 Archived from the original on 21 May 2020 Retrieved 13 April 2020 India s Aviation Behemoth HAL Expects More Orders as It Completes Production of Su 30MKI defenceaviationpost com 1 April 2020 Archived from the original on 9 April 2020 Retrieved 13 April 2020 India to build Russian fighters BBC News 28 December 2000 Archived from the original on 25 December 2008 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Retrieved 19 July 2020 Indian Air Force Su 30MKI destroyed the AMRAAM missile that launched by PAF F 16 jet News Russian Aviation RUAVIATION COM ruaviation com Archived from the original on 13 June 2020 Retrieved 26 March 2020 Matiman Abhishek 28 July 2020 IAF s Rafale the gust of wind holding China s PLAAF in a spot of bother The Financial Express Archived from the original on 27 July 2021 Retrieved 27 July 2021 The most recent case in point being Su 30MKI fighters of the IAF that successfully dodged AMRAAM missiles fired by Pakistan s F 16s last February Singh Sushant 1 March 2019 India s Exhibit Debris of AMRAAM missile that nails Pakistan s F 16 denial The Indian Express Archived from the original on 25 June 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2021 There is enough evidence to show that F 16s were used in this mission and Pakistan is trying to hide this fact Also parts of AMRAAM air to air missile which is carried only on the F 16s in PAF were recovered east of Rajouri within Indian territory 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from the original on 13 March 2023 Retrieved 9 February 2020 Indian Air Force to order 12 more Sukhoi Su 30 MKI fighters Airrecognition com 18 March 2022 Archived from the original on 21 March 2022 Retrieved 2 May 2022 Indian Air Force Cancels 12 Su 30MKI Orders Amid Sanctions on Russia Global Defense Corp 29 May 2022 Archived from the original on 29 May 2022 Retrieved 29 May 2022 Nod for Rs 45 000cr defence buys 12 more Sukhois to fly in Archived 9 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine Timesofindia com India moves closer to adding 4B upgrades to Su 30 jets AeroTime 26 January 2023 Archived from the original on 18 April 2023 Retrieved 18 April 2023 a b c d e f g h India Ordered Modernized Perhaps Regrets Su 30MKIs defenseindustrydaily com Archived from the original on 17 August 2016 Retrieved 24 September 2016 Dominguez Gabriel 25 April 2017 Indian Air Force boosts capabilities near Indo Pakistani border with new fighter squadron IHS Jane s Defence Weekly Archived from the original on 25 April 2017 IAF inducts Su 30 MKI into frontline 221 Squadron 24 April 2017 Archived from the original on 7 November 2017 Retrieved 20 March 2018 Wing 45 Archived from the original on 8 January 2022 Retrieved 8 January 2022 IAF chief Dhanoa flies Mig 21 solo A list of others in fighter planes The Indian Express 13 January 2017 Archived from the original on 9 March 2021 Retrieved 3 March 2019 Sukhois set for Gwalior as IAF evolves new tactics 9 July 2010 Archived from the original on 2 May 2018 Retrieved 20 March 2018 MP air station gets three more Sukhoi 30 planes 21 October 2010 Archived from the original on 22 March 2018 Retrieved 22 March 2018 Sulur air base to get one more LCA squadron The Times of India 28 February 2019 Archived from the original on 24 February 2021 Retrieved 17 September 2019 IAF MCC 1 January 2020 Resurrection 222 Sqn The Tigersharks got resurrected today with state of the art Su 30 MKI Multirole Fighter aircraft Raised on 15 Sep 69 with Su 7 the Sqn was later equipped with MiG27 Ground Attack Aircraft prior to getting numberplated in 2011 Tweet via Twitter Thanjavur set to host South India s first Sukhoi Squadron 4 January 2020 Archived from the original on 5 January 2020 Retrieved 4 January 2020 Singh Rahul 31 October 2023 Indian Air Force phases out another MiG 21 squadron Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 31 October 2023 Retrieved 31 October 2023 Indian Air Force Indian Army and Naval Aviation Accidents and Incidents www bharat rakshak com Bharat Rakshak Archived from the original on 14 April 2023 Retrieved 18 April 2023 a b Su 30MK performance Archived 18 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Russian Irkut Retrieved 30 April 2015 a b c Su 30MK Aircraft performance page Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Sukhoi Retrieved 1 January 2015 Ancile Archived from the original on 7 November 2013 Retrieved 29 June 2017 Indian Su 30MKI Jets To Be Equipped With Israeli I Derby Missiles in Two years Defence World 29 May 2019 Archived from the original on 6 August 2021 Retrieved 25 July 2021 IAF test fires air to air missiles ahead of Rafale integration Hemant Kumar Rout archived from the original on 19 August 2020 retrieved 19 August 2020 PICTURE Su 30 MKI flies first sortie with BrahMos missile Archived 28 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Flightglobal com 27 June 2016 Captive flight trials of anti radiation missile soon THE HINDU 17 February 2016 Archived from the original on 20 February 2016 Retrieved 18 February 2016 Indian Air Force To Receive 164 Litening Targeting Pod For Su 30MKI Fighters defenseworld net Archived from the original on 24 September 2016 Retrieved 24 September 2016 ELM 2060P Airborne SAR Reconnaissance Pod for Indian Su 30MKI Spy Flight Archived from the original on 10 October 2016 Retrieved 24 September 2016 IDN ANALYSIS Sukhoi Su 30 MKI of Indian Air Force indiandefensenews in Archived from the original on 24 September 2016 Retrieved 24 September 2016 Johnson Reuben F 6 February 2020 Indian Air Force needs to upgrade Su 30MKI says former air marshal Janes com Archived from the original on 9 February 2021 Retrieved 5 April 2022 Su 30MKI Multirole Fighter Aircraft airforce technology com Archived from the original on 7 November 2013 Retrieved 24 September 2016 Sky Searchers PDF Jane s Defence Weekly p 2 Archived PDF from the original on 8 May 2019 Retrieved 22 March 2020 Bibliography edit Eden Paul ed 2004 The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft London UK Amber Books ISBN 1 904687 84 9 Gordon Yefim 1999 Sukhoi Su 27 Flanker Air Superiority Fighter London Airlife Publishing ISBN 1 84037 029 7 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukhoi Su 30MKI Amateur website about Su 30MKI Core Avionics for Su 30MKI Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sukhoi Su 30MKI amp oldid 1185185001, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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