Not to be confused with the S-37 Berkut (Su-47) forward-swept wing technology demonstrator.
The Sukhoi Su-37 (Russian: Сухой Су-37; NATO reporting name: Flanker-F; popularly nicknamed "Terminator"[2]) was a single-seat twin-engine aircraft designed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau that served as a technology demonstrator. It allowed for the need to enhance pilot control of the Su-27M (later renamed Su-35), which was a further development of the Su-27. The sole aircraft had originally been built as the eleventh Su-27M (T10M-11) by the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association before having its thrust-vectoring nozzles installed. In addition, it was modified with updated flight- and weapons-control systems. The aircraft made its maiden flight in April 1996. Throughout the flight-test program, the Su-37 demonstrated its supermaneuverability at air shows, performing manoeuvres such as a 360-degree somersault. The aircraft crashed in December 2002 due to structural failure. The Su-37 did not enter production; despite a report in 1998 which claimed that Sukhoi had built a second Su-37 using the twelfth Su-27M airframe,[3] T10M-11 remained the sole prototype. Sukhoi had instead applied the aircraft's systems to the design bureau's other fighter designs.
The Sukhoi Design Bureau started research on thrust vectoring as early as 1983,[4] when the Soviet government tasked the bureau with the separate development of the Su-27M, which was an upgrade of the Su-27.[5] At the insistence of General DirectorMikhail Simonov, who had been the chief designer of the Su-27, Sukhoi and the Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute studied axisymmetrical vectoring nozzles. This was in contrast to the prevailing focus on two-dimensional nozzles in the Western press. Lyulka (later Lyulka-Saturn) also began studies of thrust-vectoring engines in 1985.[6] By the late 1980s, Sukhoi were evaluating their research using its flying test beds.[7]
During test flights of the Su-27Ms, which began in 1988, engineers discovered that pilots failed to maintain active control of the aircraft at high angles of attack due to the ineffectiveness of flight control surfaces at low speeds. Engineers therefore installed thrust-vectoring engines to the eleventh Su-27 (factory code T10M-11), which had been built by the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association in the country's Far East and was being used as a radar test bed.[8] Following the airframe's completion in early 1995, the aircraft was delivered to the design bureau's experimental plant near Moscow, where engineers started installing the nozzles on the aircraft.[9][N 1] Although Sukhoi had intended the Lyulka-Saturn AL-37FU to power the aircraft, the engine had not yet been flight-cleared. The aircraft was temporarily fitted with the less-powerful AL-31FP engine, which was essentially an AL-31F engine that had the AL-100 vectoring nozzles of the AL-37FU.[9] The aircraft was rolled out in May.[11] Two months later, the temporary engines were replaced with AL-37FUs; its nozzles could only deflect 15 degrees up or down in the pitch axis, together or differentially.[12]
Apart from the addition of thrust-vectoring nozzles, the Su-37 did not outwardly differ much from the canard-equipped Su-27M. Instead, engineers had focused on the aircraft's avionics. Unlike previous Su-27Ms, the Su-37 had a digital (as opposed to analogue) fly-by-wireflight control system, which was directly linked to the thrust-vectoring control system.[13] Together with the aircraft's overall high thrust-to-weight ratio and the engine's full authority digital engine control feature, the integrated propulsion and flight control systems added maneuverability at high angles of attack and low speeds.[14] The aircraft's weapons-control system had also been improved, as it included an N011M Bars (literally "Panther") pulse-Dopplerphased-array radar that provided the aircraft with simultaneous air-to-air and air-to-ground capability. The radar was capable of tracking twenty aerial targets and directing missiles toward eight of them simultaneously; in comparison, the Su-27M's baseline N011 could only track fifteen aerial targets and engage six of them simultaneously.[15][16] The aircraft retained from the Su-27M the N012 self-defence radar located in the rearward-projecting tail boom.[7]
Considerable improvement had also been made to the cockpit layout. In addition to the head-up display, the Su-37 had four Sextant Avioniquemulti-function colour liquid crystal displays arranged in a "T" configuration; they had better backlight protection than the Su-27M's monochrome cathode ray tube displays. The displays presented to the pilot information about navigation, systems status, and weapons selection. The pilot sat on an ejection seat that was reclined to 30 degrees to improve g-force tolerance.[7][17]
Painted in a disruptive sand and brown scheme, the aircraft was given the code 711 Blue, later changed to 711 White.[17] Following ground checks at the Gromov Flight Research Institute, the aircraft made its maiden flight on 2 April 1996 from Zhukovsky Airfield outside Moscow, piloted by Yevgeni Frolov. The nozzles were fixed during the first five flights.[16][N 2] Due to the lack of funding from the Russian Air Force, Sukhoi was compelled to finance the project with its own funds; according to Simonov, the company channelled revenue from the exports of the Su-27s to China and Vietnam towards the project.[7][18] The aircraft was publicly unveiled at Zhukovsky later in the year, and was redesignated Su-37.[16]
Operational history
During the subsequent flight-test programme, the Su-37's supermaneuverability as a result of thrust-vectoring controls became apparent. According to Simonov, such a feature would allow pilots to develop new combat manoeuvres and tactics, greatly enhancing its effectiveness in dogfights.[19] Among the new manoeuvres was the Super Cobra, which was a variation of the Pugachev's Cobra and was demonstrated during the aircraft's international debut at the Farnborough Airshow in September 1996. Piloted by Frolov, the aircraft pitched up 180 degrees and maintained the tail-first position momentarily, which would theoretically allow the aircraft to fire a missile at a combat opponent.[16] The Super Cobra evolved into the kulbit (somersault), in which the Su-37 performed a 360-degree loop with an extremely tight turning radius the length of the aircraft.[20] According to test pilot Anatoly Kvochur, thrust vectoring would have given the aircraft a considerable advantage in close-in dogfights.[21] Nonetheless, critics have questioned the practical benefits of such manoeuvres; although they would allow an early missile lock-on, it would come at the expense of a rapid loss of kinetic energy, which would leave the aircraft vulnerable when pilots missed their first shot.[22]
The aircraft was demonstrated at the Paris Air Show in 1997. Although it was only able to perform on the last day of the show, the organisers recognised the Su-37 as the standout performer at the event.[23] The aircraft thereafter participated in the MAKS air show in Moscow, the International Defence Exhibition in Dubai, and the FIDAE air show in Santiago, Chile, as authorities sought to export the aircraft.[24] With the expiration of the engines' service lives, the aircraft later had the AL-37FUs replaced with standard production AL-31F engines that lacked movable nozzles. The loss of thrust vectoring was somewhat compensated for by an update to the fly-by-wire flight control system. The aircraft's foreign avionics were also replaced with indigenous designs. It resumed test flights in October 2000.[25]
The flight-test programme was ended on 19 December 2002, when the aircraft's port horizontal tail broke off during a high-g manoeuvre, leading to its crash at Shatura, near Moscow. The structural failure was caused by repeated exceeding of the aircraft's design load during six years of testing.[26] The pilot Yuri Vashuk ejected safely.[27][28] Despite the entry of the Su-37 into Brazilian and South Korean fighter tenders, the aircraft failed to gain any foreign customers. India in the mid-1990s funded the development of what would result in the Su-30MKI, which is a two-seat fighter design that incorporated the canards, N011M radar and thrust-vectoring technology that were present and evaluated on the Su-37.[29] In addition, through tests of the Su-27M and the Su-37, engineers had determined that thrust vectoring could compensate for the loss of manoeuvrability brought about by the removal of canards, the design of which imposed a weight penalty on the airframe.[30] The modernized Su-35, without canards,[31] made its first flight in February 2008.[32]
^According to Flight International, engineers started installing the nozzles to the aircraft in late 1994.[10]
^Quote: "The aircraft, Su-27 number 711, had five flights in April, apparently with the axisymmetric nozzles in a fixed configuration."[18]
Citations
^Russia's Road to Corruption: How the Clinton Administration Exported Government Instead of Free Enterprise and Failed the Russian People, U. S. House of Representatives (2000), P. 204
^Jackson, Paul, ed. (2009). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2009–2010. Jane's. p. 515. ISBN978-0710628800. This was popularly termed 'Su-37 Terminator' ...
^Butowski, Piotr (1 November 1999). "Dominance by design: the reign of Russia's 'Flankers' – PART ONE". Jane's Intelligence Review. Coulsdon, UK. 11 (11). ISSN 1350-6226.
^Butowski, Piotr (10 July 1996). "Su-37 dogfights will be '10 times as effective'". Jane's Defence Weekly. Horley, UK. ISSN 0265-3818.
^Flight International 1996, p 3: "If the pilot does not kill the opposition with his first shot, then his own aircraft's lack of energy will means [sic] he could present an attractive target."
^Petrov, Ivan (25 June 1997). . Kommersant (in Russian). Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
^Barrie 2003, p. 39: "While the canard layout brought advantages in terms of improved maneuverability, it also added structural weight to the airframe. A conventional airframe coupled with thrust vector control, the source said, could now provide the same capability."
^Butowski 2004, p. 39: "The problem was solved in a similar way: removal of the canards from the airframe structure. The aircraft maneuverability will not be affected since modern control systems are much more effective than those used previously. The Su-35BM [sic] will be equipped with the control system similar to the quadruple digital fly-by-wire SDU-427 system from the Su-47 Berkut experimental fighter. Additionally, the Su-35BM may also be fitted with thrust vectoring."
^Lantratov, Constantine (20 February 2008). Взлетела новая "сушка". Kommersant (in Russian). from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
"Su-35 Has New Nozzles". Aviation Week & Space Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 143 (4): 35. 24 July 1995. ISSN 0005-2175.
. Flight International (commentary). London, UK: Reed Business Publishing. 150 (4540): 3. 11–17 September 1996. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Andrews, Thomas (Spring 2003). "Su-27/30 family: 'Flanker' in the 21st Century". International Air Power Review. Vol. 8. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing. ISBN978-1-880588-54-3.
Barrie, Douglas (16–22 November 1994). . Flight International. London, UK: Reed Business Publishing. 146 (4447): 16. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
——— (1 September 2003). "Singular Demands". Aviation Week & Space Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 159 (9): 39. ISSN 0005-2175.
Butowski, Piotr (Summer 2004). "Halfway to PAK FA". Interavia Business & Technology. Geneva: Aerospace Media Publishing (676): 38–41. ISSN 1423-3215.
Gethin, Howard (9–15 September 1998). . Flight International. London: Reed Business Information. 154 (4642): 32. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
Novichkov, Nicolay (26 August 1996). "Sukhoi Set to Exploit Thrust Vector Control". Aviation Week & Space Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 145 (9): 50–52, 55. ISSN 0005-2175.
Velovich, Alexander (8–14 May 1996). . Flight International. London, UK: Reed Business Publishing. 149 (4522): 16. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
——— (18–24 September 1996). . Flight International. London, UK: Reed Business Publishing. 150 (4541): 41. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukhoi Su-37.
Su-37 at EnemyForces.com
Su-37 at Russian Military Analysis
May 31, 2023
sukhoi, confused, with, berkut, forward, swept, wing, technology, demonstrator, russian, Сухой, Су, nato, reporting, name, flanker, popularly, nicknamed, terminator, single, seat, twin, engine, aircraft, designed, sukhoi, design, bureau, that, served, technolo. Not to be confused with the S 37 Berkut Su 47 forward swept wing technology demonstrator The Sukhoi Su 37 Russian Suhoj Su 37 NATO reporting name Flanker F popularly nicknamed Terminator 2 was a single seat twin engine aircraft designed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau that served as a technology demonstrator It allowed for the need to enhance pilot control of the Su 27M later renamed Su 35 which was a further development of the Su 27 The sole aircraft had originally been built as the eleventh Su 27M T10M 11 by the Komsomolsk on Amur Aircraft Production Association before having its thrust vectoring nozzles installed In addition it was modified with updated flight and weapons control systems The aircraft made its maiden flight in April 1996 Throughout the flight test program the Su 37 demonstrated its supermaneuverability at air shows performing manoeuvres such as a 360 degree somersault The aircraft crashed in December 2002 due to structural failure The Su 37 did not enter production despite a report in 1998 which claimed that Sukhoi had built a second Su 37 using the twelfth Su 27M airframe 3 T10M 11 remained the sole prototype Sukhoi had instead applied the aircraft s systems to the design bureau s other fighter designs Su 37Role Air superiority fighter technology demonstratorNational origin RussiaDesign group Sukhoi Design BureauBuilt by Komsomolsk on Amur Aircraft Production AssociationFirst flight 2 April 1996 27 years ago 1996 04 02 Introduction 25 October 1997Status Development ceasedNumber built 1 1 Developed into Sukhoi Su 30MKI India Sukhoi Su 30MKM Malaysia Sukhoi Su 30SM Russia Sukhoi Su 35 Russia and China Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Specifications Su 37 4 Notable appearances in media 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Footnotes 7 2 Citations 7 3 Bibliography 8 External linksDesign and development EditThe Sukhoi Design Bureau started research on thrust vectoring as early as 1983 4 when the Soviet government tasked the bureau with the separate development of the Su 27M which was an upgrade of the Su 27 5 At the insistence of General Director Mikhail Simonov who had been the chief designer of the Su 27 Sukhoi and the Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute studied axisymmetrical vectoring nozzles This was in contrast to the prevailing focus on two dimensional nozzles in the Western press Lyulka later Lyulka Saturn also began studies of thrust vectoring engines in 1985 6 By the late 1980s Sukhoi were evaluating their research using its flying test beds 7 During test flights of the Su 27Ms which began in 1988 engineers discovered that pilots failed to maintain active control of the aircraft at high angles of attack due to the ineffectiveness of flight control surfaces at low speeds Engineers therefore installed thrust vectoring engines to the eleventh Su 27 factory code T10M 11 which had been built by the Komsomolsk on Amur Aircraft Production Association in the country s Far East and was being used as a radar test bed 8 Following the airframe s completion in early 1995 the aircraft was delivered to the design bureau s experimental plant near Moscow where engineers started installing the nozzles on the aircraft 9 N 1 Although Sukhoi had intended the Lyulka Saturn AL 37FU to power the aircraft the engine had not yet been flight cleared The aircraft was temporarily fitted with the less powerful AL 31FP engine which was essentially an AL 31F engine that had the AL 100 vectoring nozzles of the AL 37FU 9 The aircraft was rolled out in May 11 Two months later the temporary engines were replaced with AL 37FUs its nozzles could only deflect 15 degrees up or down in the pitch axis together or differentially 12 Apart from the addition of thrust vectoring nozzles the Su 37 did not outwardly differ much from the canard equipped Su 27M Instead engineers had focused on the aircraft s avionics Unlike previous Su 27Ms the Su 37 had a digital as opposed to analogue fly by wire flight control system which was directly linked to the thrust vectoring control system 13 Together with the aircraft s overall high thrust to weight ratio and the engine s full authority digital engine control feature the integrated propulsion and flight control systems added maneuverability at high angles of attack and low speeds 14 The aircraft s weapons control system had also been improved as it included an N011M Bars literally Panther pulse Doppler phased array radar that provided the aircraft with simultaneous air to air and air to ground capability The radar was capable of tracking twenty aerial targets and directing missiles toward eight of them simultaneously in comparison the Su 27M s baseline N011 could only track fifteen aerial targets and engage six of them simultaneously 15 16 The aircraft retained from the Su 27M the N012 self defence radar located in the rearward projecting tail boom 7 Considerable improvement had also been made to the cockpit layout In addition to the head up display the Su 37 had four Sextant Avionique multi function colour liquid crystal displays arranged in a T configuration they had better backlight protection than the Su 27M s monochrome cathode ray tube displays The displays presented to the pilot information about navigation systems status and weapons selection The pilot sat on an ejection seat that was reclined to 30 degrees to improve g force tolerance 7 17 Painted in a disruptive sand and brown scheme the aircraft was given the code 711 Blue later changed to 711 White 17 Following ground checks at the Gromov Flight Research Institute the aircraft made its maiden flight on 2 April 1996 from Zhukovsky Airfield outside Moscow piloted by Yevgeni Frolov The nozzles were fixed during the first five flights 16 N 2 Due to the lack of funding from the Russian Air Force Sukhoi was compelled to finance the project with its own funds according to Simonov the company channelled revenue from the exports of the Su 27s to China and Vietnam towards the project 7 18 The aircraft was publicly unveiled at Zhukovsky later in the year and was redesignated Su 37 16 Operational history EditDuring the subsequent flight test programme the Su 37 s supermaneuverability as a result of thrust vectoring controls became apparent According to Simonov such a feature would allow pilots to develop new combat manoeuvres and tactics greatly enhancing its effectiveness in dogfights 19 Among the new manoeuvres was the Super Cobra which was a variation of the Pugachev s Cobra and was demonstrated during the aircraft s international debut at the Farnborough Airshow in September 1996 Piloted by Frolov the aircraft pitched up 180 degrees and maintained the tail first position momentarily which would theoretically allow the aircraft to fire a missile at a combat opponent 16 The Super Cobra evolved into the kulbit somersault in which the Su 37 performed a 360 degree loop with an extremely tight turning radius the length of the aircraft 20 According to test pilot Anatoly Kvochur thrust vectoring would have given the aircraft a considerable advantage in close in dogfights 21 Nonetheless critics have questioned the practical benefits of such manoeuvres although they would allow an early missile lock on it would come at the expense of a rapid loss of kinetic energy which would leave the aircraft vulnerable when pilots missed their first shot 22 The aircraft was demonstrated at the Paris Air Show in 1997 Although it was only able to perform on the last day of the show the organisers recognised the Su 37 as the standout performer at the event 23 The aircraft thereafter participated in the MAKS air show in Moscow the International Defence Exhibition in Dubai and the FIDAE air show in Santiago Chile as authorities sought to export the aircraft 24 With the expiration of the engines service lives the aircraft later had the AL 37FUs replaced with standard production AL 31F engines that lacked movable nozzles The loss of thrust vectoring was somewhat compensated for by an update to the fly by wire flight control system The aircraft s foreign avionics were also replaced with indigenous designs It resumed test flights in October 2000 25 The flight test programme was ended on 19 December 2002 when the aircraft s port horizontal tail broke off during a high g manoeuvre leading to its crash at Shatura near Moscow The structural failure was caused by repeated exceeding of the aircraft s design load during six years of testing 26 The pilot Yuri Vashuk ejected safely 27 28 Despite the entry of the Su 37 into Brazilian and South Korean fighter tenders the aircraft failed to gain any foreign customers India in the mid 1990s funded the development of what would result in the Su 30MKI which is a two seat fighter design that incorporated the canards N011M radar and thrust vectoring technology that were present and evaluated on the Su 37 29 In addition through tests of the Su 27M and the Su 37 engineers had determined that thrust vectoring could compensate for the loss of manoeuvrability brought about by the removal of canards the design of which imposed a weight penalty on the airframe 30 The modernized Su 35 without canards 31 made its first flight in February 2008 32 Specifications Su 37 EditData from Gordon 33 Novichkov 13 General characteristicsCrew 1 Length 21 935 m 72 ft 0 in Wingspan 14 698 m 48 ft 3 in Height 5 932 m 19 ft 6 in Wing area 62 m2 670 sq ft Empty weight 18 500 kg 40 786 lb Max takeoff weight 34 000 kg 74 957 lb Powerplant 2 Saturn AL 37FU afterburning turbofan engines 83 kN 19 000 lbf thrust each with axisymmetrical thrust vectoring nozzles dry 142 kN 32 000 lbf with afterburnerPerformance Maximum speed 2 500 km h 1 600 mph 1 300 kn at high altitude1 400 km h 870 mph 760 kn at sea level dd dd dd Range 3 300 km 2 100 mi 1 800 nmi at high altitude1 390 km 860 mi 750 nmi at sea level dd dd dd Service ceiling 18 800 m 61 700 ft g limits 9 Rate of climb 230 m s 45 000 ft min Armament Guns 1 30 mm GSh 30 1 internal cannon with 150 rounds Hardpoints 12 hardpoints consisting of 2 wingtip rails and 10 wing and fuselage stations with a capacity of 8 000 kg 17 630 lb of ordnance Avionics OLS 35 infra red search and track system N 011M Bars passive electronically scanned array radar N012 self defence radar Sextant Avionique Thales LCD multi function displaysNotable appearances in media EditMain article Aircraft in fiction Sukhoi Su 27 and derivativesGallery Edit See also Edit Aviation portalRelated development Sukhoi Su 30 Sukhoi Su 33 Sukhoi Su 47Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era General Dynamics F 16 VISTA McDonnell Douglas F 15 ACTIVE McDonnell Douglas F A 18 HARVRelated lists List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CISReferences EditFootnotes Edit According to Flight International engineers started installing the nozzles to the aircraft in late 1994 10 Quote The aircraft Su 27 number 711 had five flights in April apparently with the axisymmetric nozzles in a fixed configuration 18 Citations Edit Russia s Road to Corruption How the Clinton Administration Exported Government Instead of Free Enterprise and Failed the Russian People U S House of Representatives 2000 P 204 Jackson Paul ed 2009 Jane s All the World s Aircraft 2009 2010 Jane s p 515 ISBN 978 0710628800 This was popularly termed Su 37 Terminator Gethin 1998 p 32 Gordon 2007 p 144 Andrews 2003 p 39 Gordon 2007 pp 146 147 a b c d Novichkov 1996 p 55 Gordon 2007 pp 142 151 a b Gordon 2007 p 151 Barrie 1994 p 16 Aviation Week amp Space Technology 1995 p 35 Novichkov 1996 pp 52 55 a b Novichkov 1996 p 52 Gordon 2007 pp 151 154 Butowski Piotr 1 November 1999 Dominance by design the reign of Russia s Flankers PART ONE Jane s Intelligence Review Coulsdon UK 11 11 ISSN 1350 6226 a b c d Gordon 2007 p 158 a b Gordon 2007 p 154 a b Velovich May 1996 p 16 Novichkov 1996 p 50 Velovich September 1996 p 41 Butowski Piotr 10 July 1996 Su 37 dogfights will be 10 times as effective Jane s Defence Weekly Horley UK ISSN 0265 3818 Flight International 1996 p 3 If the pilot does not kill the opposition with his first shot then his own aircraft s lack of energy will means sic he could present an attractive target Petrov Ivan 25 June 1997 Su 37 istrebitel goda Kommersant in Russian Archived from the original on 10 October 2017 Retrieved 10 October 2017 Gordon 2007 pp 160 164 Andrews 2003 p 58 Gordon 2007 p 172 Sukhoi demonstrator crashes during testing Flightglobal 31 December 2002 Archived from the original on 9 November 2012 Retrieved 25 August 2013 V Podmoskove razbilsya istrebitel Su 35 Kommersant in Russian 19 December 2002 Archived from the original on 5 January 2016 Retrieved 16 October 2017 Andrews 2003 p 47 Barrie 2003 p 39 While the canard layout brought advantages in terms of improved maneuverability it also added structural weight to the airframe A conventional airframe coupled with thrust vector control the source said could now provide the same capability Butowski 2004 p 39 The problem was solved in a similar way removal of the canards from the airframe structure The aircraft maneuverability will not be affected since modern control systems are much more effective than those used previously The Su 35BM sic will be equipped with the control system similar to the quadruple digital fly by wire SDU 427 system from the Su 47 Berkut experimental fighter Additionally the Su 35BM may also be fitted with thrust vectoring Lantratov Constantine 20 February 2008 Vzletela novaya sushka Kommersant in Russian Archived from the original on 12 November 2017 Retrieved 12 November 2017 Gordon 2007 p 453 Bibliography Edit Su 35 Has New Nozzles Aviation Week amp Space Technology New York McGraw Hill 143 4 35 24 July 1995 ISSN 0005 2175 Deft Manoeuvres Flight International commentary London UK Reed Business Publishing 150 4540 3 11 17 September 1996 ISSN 0015 3710 Archived from the original on 10 October 2017 Retrieved 5 November 2017 Andrews Thomas Spring 2003 Su 27 30 family Flanker in the 21st Century International Air Power Review Vol 8 Norwalk Connecticut AIRtime Publishing ISBN 978 1 880588 54 3 Barrie Douglas 16 22 November 1994 New Su 35 nozzles fitted Flight International London UK Reed Business Publishing 146 4447 16 ISSN 0015 3710 Archived from the original on 9 October 2017 Retrieved 5 November 2017 1 September 2003 Singular Demands Aviation Week amp Space Technology New York McGraw Hill 159 9 39 ISSN 0005 2175 Butowski Piotr Summer 2004 Halfway to PAK FA Interavia Business amp Technology Geneva Aerospace Media Publishing 676 38 41 ISSN 1423 3215 Gethin Howard 9 15 September 1998 Sukhoi flies latest Su 37 demonstrator Flight International London Reed Business Information 154 4642 32 ISSN 0015 3710 Archived from the original on 8 November 2012 Retrieved 26 October 2013 Gordon Yefim 2007 Sukhoi Su 27 Famous Russian Aircraft Hinckley UK Midlands Publishing ISBN 978 1 85780 247 4 Novichkov Nicolay 26 August 1996 Sukhoi Set to Exploit Thrust Vector Control Aviation Week amp Space Technology New York McGraw Hill 145 9 50 52 55 ISSN 0005 2175 Velovich Alexander 8 14 May 1996 Thrust vectoring Su 35 flies Flight International London UK Reed Business Publishing 149 4522 16 ISSN 0015 3710 Archived from the original on 12 September 2017 Retrieved 5 November 2017 18 24 September 1996 Slow slow quick quick slow Flight International London UK Reed Business Publishing 150 4541 41 ISSN 0015 3710 Archived from the original on 10 October 2017 Retrieved 5 November 2017 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukhoi Su 37 Su 37 at EnemyForces com Su 37 at Russian Military Analysis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sukhoi Su 37 amp oldid 1137761382, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
