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Sukhoi Su-30

April 09, 2023

The Sukhoi Su-30 (Russian: Сухой Су-30; NATO reporting name: Flanker-C/G/H) is a twin-engine, two-seat supermaneuverable fighter aircraft developed in the Soviet Union by Russia's Sukhoi Aviation Corporation. It is a multirole fighter for all-weather, air-to-air and air interdiction missions.

Su-30
A Russian Air Force Su-30SM
Role Multirole fighter,[1] air superiority fighter
National origin Soviet Union
Russia
Design group Sukhoi
Built by KnAAPO
Irkut Corporation
First flight 31 December 1989; 33 years ago (1989-12-31)
Introduction 1996
Status In service
Primary users Russian Air Force
Algerian Air Force
Armenian Air Force
Vietnam People's Air Force
Produced 1992–present
Number built 630+[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Developed from Sukhoi Su-27
Variants Sukhoi Su-30MKI
Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Sukhoi Su-30MKM

The Su-30 started as an internal development project in the Sukhoi Su-27 family by Sukhoi. From the Su-27UB two-seat trainer, the Su-27PU heavy interceptor was developed. The design plan was revamped and the Su-27PU was renamed to Su-30 by the Russian Defense Ministry in 1996. Of the Flanker family, the Su-27, Su-30, Su-33, Su-34 and Su-35 have been ordered into limited or serial production by the Russian Defense Ministry. Later, different export requirements split the Su-30 into two distinct version branches, manufactured by competing organisations: KnAAPO and the Irkut Corporation, both of which come under the Sukhoi aerospace group's umbrella.

KnAAPO manufactures the Su-30MKK and the Su-30MK2, which were designed for and sold to China, and later Indonesia, Uganda, Venezuela, and Vietnam. Due to KnAAPO's involvement from the early stages of developing the Su-35, these are basically a two-seat version of the mid-1990s Su-35. The Chinese chose an older but lighter radar so the canards could be omitted in return for increased payload. It is a fighter with both air supremacy and attack capabilities, generally similar to the U.S. F-15E Strike Eagle.[8]

Irkut traditionally served the Soviet Air Defense and, in the early years of Flanker development, was given the responsibility of manufacturing the Su-27UB, the two-seat trainer version. When India showed interests in the Su-30, Irkut offered the multirole Su-30MKI, which originated as the Su-27UB modified with avionics appropriate for fighters. Along with its ground-attack capabilities, the series adds features for the air-superiority role, such as canards, thrust-vectoring, and a long-range phased-array radar. Its derivatives include the Su-30MKM, MKA, and SM for Malaysia, Algeria, and Russia respectively. The Russian Air Force operates several Su-30s and has ordered the Su-30SM variant as well.

Development

While the original Su-27 had good range, it still did not have enough range for the Soviet Air Defense Forces (PVO, as opposed to VVS – the Soviet Air Force). The Air Defense Forces needed to cover the vast expanse of the Soviet Union. Hence, development began in 1986 on the Su-27PU, an improved-capability variant of the Su-27 capable of serving as a long-range interceptor or airborne command post.[9]

The two-seat Su-27UB combat trainer was selected as the basis for the Su-27PU, because it had the performance of a single-seat Su-27 with seating for two crew members. A "proof-of-concept" demonstrator flew 6 June 1987, and this success led to the kick-off of development work on two Su-27PU prototypes. The first Su-27PU flew at Irkutsk on 31 December 1989, and the first of three pre-production models flew on 14 April 1992.[10]

Design

 
Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su-30LL flying along the runway at Zhangjiajie Hehua Airport extremely close to the ground piloted by Anatoly Kvochur

The Su-30 is a multirole fighter. It has a two-seat cockpit with an airbrake behind the canopy. It can serve as an air superiority fighter and as a strike fighter.[11]

Flight characteristics

The integrated aerodynamic configuration, combined with the thrust vectoring control ability, results in high manoeuvrability and unique takeoff and landing characteristics. Equipped with a digital fly-by-wire system, the Su-30 is able to perform some very advanced manoeuvres, including the Pugachev's Cobra and the tailslide. These manoeuvers quickly decelerate the aircraft, causing a pursuing fighter to overshoot, as well as breaking a Doppler radar-lock, as the relative speed of the aircraft drops below the threshold where the signal registers to the radar.[12]

Some variants of the Su-30, notably the Su-30MKI and its derivatives including the Su-30MKM and Su-30SM, are fitted with canards to enhance maneuverability and also compensate for the heavier N011M Bars radar and mission systems in the nose. The canards and the reshaped LERX help control for the vortices and increase the angle-of-attack limit of the airframe, but they also add drag, and reduce the maximum speed to Mach 1.75.[13][14]

Powerplant

As with the baseline Su-27S/P, the Su-30's powerplant incorporates two Saturn AL-31F afterburning low-bypass turbofan engines, fed through intake ramps. Two AL-31Fs, each rated at 122.6 kN (27,600 lbf) of full afterburning thrust for speeds up to Mach 2 in level flight and 1,350 km/h speed at low altitude for non-canard variants. Canted thrust vectoring is used in some variants to enhance maneuverability.[14]

With a normal fuel reserve of 5,270 kg, the Su-30MK is capable of performing a 4.5-hour combat mission with a range of 3,000 km. An aerial refueling system increases the range to 5,200 km (3,200 mi) or flight duration up to 10 hours at cruise altitudes.[14][15]

Avionics

The aircraft features autopilot ability at all flight stages including low-altitude flight in terrain-following radar mode, and individual and group combat employment against air and ground/sea-surface targets. Automatic control system interconnected with the navigation system ensures route flight, target approach, recovery to airfield and landing approach in automatic mode.

Operational history

Russia

In 1994–1996, an initial batch of five original Su-30 (Su-27PU) fighters, contracted for the Russian Defence Ministry, were delivered to 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment based at Savasleyka air base.[16] After the regiment was disbanded in 2002, the aircraft became part of 4th Centre for Combat Employment and Retraining of Personnel in Lipetsk where they were flown mostly by Russian Falcons aerobatic team.[17] No further orders of the variant were made. However, the Russian Defence Ministry was impressed with the export Su-30MKI's performance envelope and ordered a total of 60 Su-30SM fighters, under two contracts signed in March and December 2012, respectively.[citation needed] On 21 September 2012, the Su-30SM performed its maiden flight.[18] The Russian Air Force has received first two serial aircraft on 22 November 2012.[citation needed] By end of 2015, 31st Fighter Aviation Regiment, the last aviation regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces that operated Soviet-made MiG-29A/UBs (izdeliye 9.12/9.13) was fully rearmed with about twenty new Su-30SM fighters.[19] All aircraft of the first two contracts were delivered by 2016.[citation needed]

Another 36 aircraft were ordered in April 2016, six of which intended for the Russian Naval Aviation.[20] This was to increase the total number to 116 (88 in the Air Force and 28 in the Navy).[21]

In October–November 2016, eight new aircraft were handed to Russian Knights aerobatic team, replacing the team's six Su-27 fighters. The aircraft are stationed at Kubinka air base, Moscow Oblast.[22]

During the 2017 MAKS International Aviation and Space Salon, it was announced that the Russian Defence Ministry and Irkut Corporation are working on modernization of Russia's Su-30SM fighters to a new "Su-30SM1" standard. The modernization is aimed on improvements in aircraft's avionics and armament.[23]

The Su-30SM attained full operational capability (FOC) in January 2018, by a resolution of the Russian president.[24]

In August 2019, the Russian Defence Ministry first signed a contract for undisclosed number of modernized Su-30SM2 (then referred to it as Su-30SM1) fighters. First deliveries to the Russian Aerospace Forces are scheduled for late 2020 with serial deliveries to commence in 2021. The aircraft will receive the N035 Irbis radar and AL-41F1S engines of the Su-35S, what is to standardize and reduce operational costs of the two variants. The aircraft's armament will be also enhanced of the new KAB-250 aerial bombs and Kh-59MK2 stealth cruise missiles. It is planned to modernize all Russia's Su-30SMs to the SM2 standard.[25]

On 25 August 2020, a contract for 21 modernized Su-30SM2 aircraft for the Russian Naval Aviation was signed at the «ARMY-2020» military-technical forum.[26][27][28]

2015 Russian military intervention in Syria

Main article: Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War

In September 2015, Russia deployed Su-30SM fighters for the first time to Bassel Al-Assad International Airport in Latakia, Syria. At least four Su-30SM fighters were spotted in a satellite photo.[29] In late December 2015, there were 16 Su-30SMs at Khmeimim Air Base.[30] As part of their combat deployment, they provided target illumination for bombers launching airstrikes against rebel groups.[31]

Su-30SMs were initially tasked with aerial escort of Russian attack jets and strategic bombers but conducted also air to ground duties. On 21 March 2017, rebel forces launched a new offensive in the Hama province; a few days later a video emerged showing a Russian Air Force Su-30SM striking ground targets with unguided air-to-ground rockets in a dive attack against the rebels.[citation needed]

On 3 May 2018, a Russian Air Force Su-30 crashed shortly after take-off from the Khmeimim Air Base, killing both crew members.[32]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russian Su-30SM and Su-35s fighters were used for air superiority missions during the war. Combined, at least seven air to air victories were reported over Ukrainian jet aircraft[33] and one over a Ukrainian Naval Aviation Mil Mi-14.[34]

A Russian Su-30 was destroyed on the ground by Ukrainian OTR-21 Tochka missiles fired during the Millerovo air base attack.[35] On 5 March 2022 a Russian Naval Aviation Su-30SM was shot down in Bashtanka area, Mykolayiv Oblast. The pilot was captured.[36][37][38] On 13 March 2022 another aircraft was lost over Ukraine; the pilot, Kosyk Serhiy Serhiyovych, survived and was captured.[39] On 9 August 2022, explosions at Saky air base in Novofedorivka, Crimea left at least three Su-30s destroyed and one damaged according to satellite imagery.[40][41] On 18 August a Su-30SM, serial number RF-81771, had its wreckage recorded in Kharkov region in the Izyum direction.[42] The pilot Lt. Col Sergei Kosik was captured. Another Su-30SM, serial number RF-81773 callsign Red 62, was discovered by Ukrainian forces near Izium, Kharkiv. Fate of the pilots is unknown.[43][44]

India

Main article: Sukhoi Su-30MKI
 
Indian Air Force Su-30MKI

First talks about acquiring of new fighter for the Indian Air Force began in 1994. A year later, Sukhoi Design Bureau has started working on the new fighter based on the original Su-30 design, which later evolved into Su-30MK (Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy - Modernised Commercial) and ultimately into Su-30MKI (Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Indiski - Modernised Commercial Indian).[45] On 30 November 1996, Russian state company Rosvooruzhenie (now Rosoboronexport) and Indian Defence Ministry signed a contract for development and production of eight Su-30Ks and 32 Su-30MKIs for the Indian Air Force.[45][46] In March–July 1997, all eight Su-30Ks of the order were delivered at Lohegaon Air Force Base in India.[47] On 28 December 2000, as part of the Russian-Indian cooperation, a contract worth more than US$3 billion was signed for license production of 140 Su-30MKI fighters at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) production plant in Nashik.[46][48] Between 2002–2004, in accordance with the 1996 contract, 32 Su-30MKIs were built by Irkutsk Aviation Plant for the Indian Air Force.[46] From 2004 onwards, production is carried by HAL.[citation needed]

In 2007, India was cleared[by whom?] to buy another 40 Su-30MKIs for a total of US$1.6 billion.[49] In March 2010, it was reported India and Russia were negotiating a contract for additional 42 aircraft.[citation needed] The contract worth US$1.6 billion was signed in December 2011, increasing the total number of ordered aircraft up to 272.[50] By March 2020, India had completed the production of all 272 Su-30MKIs licensed under previous contracts.[51] The country was also considering acquisition of 12 more fighters to compensate for Su-30 losses over nearly 20 years of operation.[52] In 2020, due to the 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes, India determined to purchase 12 additional Su-30MKIs.[53]

China

Main article: Sukhoi Su-30MKK
 
A PLAAF Sukhoi Su-30MKK at Lipetsk

To better counter USAF's expanding capabilities in the region, in 1996, an agreement worth US$1.8 billion was reached with Russia to purchase some 38 multirole combat aircraft based on the original Su-30 design. Taking into account China's requirements for its new fighter, the aircraft became known as Su-30MKK (Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Kitayski - Modernised Commercial Chinese).[54]

In March 1999, first prototype took off from Gromov Flight Research Institute in Russia and a year later it appeared at Zhuhai Air Show in China. People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) has received first batch of ten Su-30MKK fighters in December 2000, following by second and third batches of ten fighters in August and December 2001, respectively. In July 2001, China has ordered 38 more Su-30MKK fighters.[54]

A modified variant, known as "Su-30MK2", was negotiated for the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF) in 2002, with contract for 24 aircraft signed in 2003. All the aircraft were delivered to PLANAF in 2004.[54]

Malaysia

Main article: Sukhoi Su-30MKM
 
Royal Malaysian Air Force Sukhoi Su-30MKM

Malaysia has ordered 18 Su-30MKMs in May 2003. The first two Su-30MKMs were formally handed over in Irkutsk on 23 May 2007 and arrived in Malaysia at Gong Kedak Air Base in Terengganu on 21 June 2007.[55] As part of the contract agreement, Russia sent the first Malaysian cosmonaut to the International Space Station in October 2007.[56] In 2014, Malaysia had 18 Su-30MKMs in service.[57]

According to Malaysian defense Minister Mohamad Sabu, Malaysia has grounded 14 of 18 Su-30MKM due to engine problems and unavailability of spare parts in 2018.[58][59][60] To overcome this problem and increase the readiness of the Su-30MKM fleets, Malaysia has approved the budget worth RM2.2 billion for the Su-30MKM to be upgraded locally by Aerospace Technology Systems Corporation. The first upgraded aircraft was received in 2019 in LIMA 2019 exhibition.[61][62]

Venezuela

 
Venezuelan Air Force Su-30MK2

The Government of Venezuela announced on 14 June 2006 it would purchase 24 Su-30MKV fighters from Russia. The first two Su-30MK2s arrived in early December 2006 while another eight were commissioned during 2007; 14 more aircraft arrived in 2008.[63] In October 2015, Venezuela announced the purchase of 12 more Su-30MKVs from Russia for US$480 million.[64][unreliable source?][65]

Algeria

 
Algerian Air Force Su-30MKA refuelled by Il-78 Midas

As part of wider US$8 billion deal signed with Russia in 2006, that also included 34 MiG-29 fighters and number of Yak-130 trainers, Algeria has ordered 28 Su-30MKAs for its air force. It was to receive additional 16 Su-30MKAs in exchange for the 39 MiG-29s rejected due to quality disputes and old equipment used.[66][67] By 2015, it had 44 Su-30MKAs in service with 14 more on order.[68][69][70]

In September 2019, Algeria ordered 16 more aircraft. As of 2022, it has 70 Su-30MKAs in service.[71]

Uganda

 
Uganda People's Defence Force Air Wing Su-30MK2

Uganda signed a contract for six Su-30MK2s in 2010.[72] Deliveries took place between June 2011 and June 2012. In November 2011, one aircraft performed a belly landing at Entebbe International Airport. It was later repaired.[73]

Indonesia

 
Indonesian President Joko Widodo inside an Indonesian Air Force Su-30
 
Vietnamese Sukhoi Su-30MK2 with R-73 and R-27 AAMs

In 2001, reports emerged Indonesia has showed an interest to acquire about 16 Su-30 fighters,[74] as a replacement for its ageing fleet of 12 F-16A/B and F-5E/F fighters. From 2003 to 2011, and because of the U.S-imposed arms embargo against it, it has ordered a combined 11 Su-30MKK/MK2s (2 Su-30MKK and 9 Su-30MK2) for the Air Force.[75] In September 2013, it had all Su-30MKK/MK2s in inventory.[75] The aircraft were upgraded by Belarus in 2019.[76]

Angola

As part of a US$1 billion deal that also includes other equipment and maintenance services for the country, Angola has ordered 12 out of 18 former Indian Su-30K fighters on 16 October 2013. The Su-30Ks were initially delivered to India in 1997–1998, but were returned to Russia in 2007 in exchange for 18 full-fledged Su-30MKI fighters.[77] Angola received first two aircraft in September 2017,[78][79] four in 2018[80] and the rest in April 2019. Angolan Su-30Ks were also upgraded to the "SM" standard.[81]

Vietnam

Vietnam has received about 20 Su-30MK2s under two contracts signed in 2009 and 2010, respectively.[citation needed] On 21 August 2013, Russia announced it would deliver another batch of 12 Su-30MK2s under a $450 million contract, with deliveries in 2014–2015.[citation needed]

On 14 June 2016, a Su-30MK2 of the Vietnamese Air Force went missing during a training flight 30–40 km off the coast of Nghệ An Province. One out of the two pilots survived.[82] At the time, there were some 32 Su-30MK2s in service.[83]

Kazakhstan

 
Kazakh Sukhoi Su-30SM at Irkutsk-2

Kazakhstan has ordered in total 24 Su-30SM fighters under three contracts. It received first four Su-30SMs under the first contract worth of RUB 5 billion in April 2015.[84][85] A second contract for eight aircraft was signed in December 2015.[86] First two aircraft of the second order were delivered in December 2016[87][88] and another two in December 2017.[89] The third order for 12 more aircraft was approved in August 2017[90][91] and eight aircraft were ordered in May 2018.[92] Last four aircraft of the second contract were delivered in December 2018.[93] It had 12 Su-30SMs in service as of December 2018.[94]

Armenia

 
Armenian Air Force's Sukhoi jets

In January 2016, then Armenian Defense Minister Seyran Ohanyan mentioned that Russia had discussed the possibility of supplying Su-30 fighters to Armenia during a four-day Russian-Armenian intergovernmental commission on bilateral military-technical cooperation.[95] Armenia has ordered four Su-30SMs in February 2019, with deliveries expected to begin in 2020.[96][97] The country plans to acquire additional Su-30SM aircraft, according to the Armenian Defense Minister David Tonoyan.[98] On 27 December 2019, Armenia has received all four aircraft ahead of schedule. The aircraft landed at the Shirak Airport during a visit of Armenian Defense Minister David Tonoyan and Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces Artak Davtyan.[99][100] In August 2020, negotiations were under way to acquire a new batch of Su-30SM fighters, according to Armenian Defense Minister David Tonoyan.[101] In March 2021, Nikol Pashinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia, confirmed that Armenia bought Su-30SM fighters without missiles package from Russia.[102][103][104] These aircraft were left unused in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war as a result of the purchase of aircraft without missiles.[102][104]

Belarus

In February 2016, Russia and Belarus concluded a preliminary agreement regarding to the export of an undisclosed number of Su-30s to Belarus.[105] On 20 June 2017, during the Le Bourget international air show, Belarus signed a contract to purchase 12 Su-30SMs under a deal worth US$600 million.[106] Originally to be delivered in 2018,[107][108] Western embargoes on components delayed delivery, with the first four aircraft arriving at Baranovichi Air Base in November 2019, with four more planned to arrive to 2020 with deliveries completed in 2021.[109]

Potential operators

Iran

In February 2016, Iran's then Defence Minister Hossein Dehghan during his visit to Moscow announced, that the country intends to buy an undisclosed number of Su-30SM fighters.[110]

Argentina

In 2021 Russia offered the Argentine Air Force a batch of 15 MiG-29 fighters and another batch of 12 Su-30 fighters and seeks also the sale of Yak-130 training jet and Mil Mi-17 helicopters.[111]

Variants

Early variants

Su-30 (Su-27PU) (Flanker-C)[112][113]
PU for Punkt Upravlenija - "Control Point" or Perechvatcik Uchebnyj - "Interceptor Trainer". Modernized Su-27UB. 5 units operated by the Russian Air Defence Forces.[16]
Su-30K
Commercial (export) version of the basic Su-30. Initially 8 + 10 with French avionics were delivered to India with plans to upgrade to final Su-30MKI configuration, but later all 18 were returned to Russia, and 12 were resold to Angola.[45][114]
Su-27KI / Su-30KI
Sukhoi proposal for upgrading Russian AF single seat Su-27S. Also proposed export version for Indonesia, 24 were ordered but subsequently cancelled due to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis.[115] 1 single-seat demonstrator was produced based on the Su-27SK, later converted to Su-27SKM in 2002.[116]
Su-30KN
Upgrade project for operational two-seat fighters, the Su-27UB, Su-30 and Su-30K. This was cancelled in Russia but later revived as Su-30M2. Belarus consider updating ex-Indian Su-30K to the Su-30KN standard.[citation needed]
Su-30MK (Flanker-H)[117]
Commercial version of Su-30M first revealed in 1993. 2 were exported to Indonesia in 2003, later upgraded to Su-30MK2.[118][119]

Su-30MKI and derivatives

Su-30MKI (Flanker-H)[117]
MKI for Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Indiski - "Modernized Commercial Indian". An export version for India, jointly developed with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). It is the first Su-30 family member to feature thrust vectoring control (TVC) and canards. Equipped with a multinational avionics complex sourced from Russia, India, France and Israel.[120]
Su-30MKA (Flanker-H)
A version of the Su-30MKI sold to Algeria. All of the Israeli equipment, like the head-up display and the digital map generator, is replaced by Indian equivalents.[121]
Su-30MKM (Flanker-H)
A derivative of the Russian-Indian Su-30MKI,[122] the MKM is a highly specialised version for Royal Malaysian Air Force. It includes thrust vectoring control (TVC) and canards but with avionics from various countries. It will feature head-up displays (HUD), navigational forward-looking IR system (NAVFLIR) and Damocles Laser Designation pod (LDP) from Thales Group of France, MAW-300 missile approach warning sensor (MAWS), RWS-50 RWR and laser warning sensor (LWS) from SAAB AVITRONICS (South Africa)[123] as well as the Russian NIIP N011M Bars Passive electronically scanned array radar, electronic warfare (EW) system, optical-location system (OLS) and a glass cockpit.[124]
Su-30SM (Flanker-H)[125]
SM for Serijnyi Modernizirovannyi - "Serial Modernized". A specialised version of the thrust-vectoring Su-30MKI for the Russian Air Force, produced by the Irkut Corporation.[126][127] NATO reporting name Flanker-H. The Su-30SM is considered a 4+ generation fighter jet.[128][129][130][131][132] The aircraft has been upgraded according to Russian military requirements for radar, radio communications systems, friend-or-foe identification system, ejection seats, weapons, and other aircraft systems.[133][134] It is equipped with the N011M Bars radar with a maximum detection range 400 km, search range 200 km using a phased array antenna, frontal horizontal fins and steerable thrusters for supermaneuverability as well as with wide-angle HUD. The aircraft can be used to gain air supremacy same as for targeting adversary on the ground using wide range of weapons including air-to-air, air-to-surface and guided and unguided bombs with total weapons weight up to 8,000 kg. It is also equipped with the one barrel, 30 mm GSh-30-1 autocannon. To ensure operations at major distances from airfield, the ability of in-flight refueling (IFR) is included.[127][134][135][136][137][138][139] Besides that, for electronic warfare purposes two SAP-518 jamming pods can be fitted on the wing tips. The SAP-518 is designed to protect the aircraft from various air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles by creating false targets, jamming missile's guidance, enemy aircraft radars or ground and seaborne air defence.[140]
Su-30SME (Flanker-H)
Su-30SME is the export version of the Su-30SM, with foreign avionics of other Su-30MKI derivatives replaced with Russian systems, and the possible downgrade of certain systems such as the radar modes and fire control. It was unveiled at the Singapore Airshow 2016, and has been offered to Iran, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, and Myanmar.[141][142][13]
Su-30SM2
Initially referred to it as SM1,[25] is an upgrade project of Russian Su-30SM fighters, equipped with the N035 Irbis radar and more powerful AL-41F1S engines of the Su-35S, with the goal to reduce operational costs when unifying the two fighters. The modernized fighters will also obtain new types of weapons, namely the KAB-250 aerial bombs and Kh-59MK2 stealth cruise missile. First deliveries are scheduled for end-2020.[143][144][25]

Su-30MKK and derivatives

Su-30MKK (Flanker-G)[113]
MKK for Modernizirovanniy Kommercheskiy Kitayskiy - "Modernized Commercial for China". An export version for China. NATO reporting name Flanker-G.[145]
Su-30MK2 (Flanker-G+)[113]
Modernized Su-30MKK for China, Indonesia and Uganda with advanced avionics and weapons.
Su-30MKV/Su-30MK2 AMV (Flanker-G+)
Export version of Su-30MK2 for Venezuela built on Su-35 airframe,[146]and thus is slightly smaller than the standard Su-30MK2.[147]To avoid confusion after Vietnam also placed an order for Su-30MK2, the designation for those ordered by Venezuela was changed from the original Su-30MKV to Su-30MK2 AMV with AMV stands for Aviacion Militar Venezolana (Venezuelan Military Aviation).[148]
Su-30MK2V (Flanker-G+)
Export version of Su-30MK2 for Vietnam with modifications such as redesigned ejection seat to accommodate the smaller body frames of Vietnamese pilots, and other minor modification of upgrading communications gear.[148]The original designation Su-30MKV caused confusion with those Su-30MK2s ordered by Venezuela, which already had Su-30MKV designation, so to avoid confusion, Su-30MK2s ordered by Vietnam was redesignated Su-30MK2V.[148] Vietnam still internally designates it Su-30MK2 with the MK2V designation rarely used.[149][150]
Su-30M2 (Flanker-G+)
A Su-30MK2 version developed by KnAAPO. The Russian Air Force placed an initial order for the variant in 2009. Factory tests were completed in September 2010.[151][152][153] Twenty aircraft have been ordered; 4 in 2009 and 16 in 2012.[154] At least 12 have been produced as of August 2014, all four from the first contract in 2009, and eight from the second contract of 2012.[154] They are mostly to be used as combat training aircraft for Su-30SM/SM2 and Su-35 fighters.

Operators

 
Map with Sukhoi Su-30 operators in blue
  Algeria
  Angola
  Armenia
  Belarus
  India
  Indonesia
  Kazakhstan
  Malaysia
  Myanmar
  People's Republic of China
  Russia
  Uganda
  Venezuela
  Vietnam

Specifications (Su-27PU/Su-30)

 
Sukhoi Su-30 3-view drawing

Data from KnAAPO,[14] Sukhoi,[15] Gordon and Davison,[172] deagel.com,[173] airforce-technology.com[174]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 21.935 m (72 ft 0 in)
  • Wingspan: 14.7 m (48 ft 3 in)
  • Height: 6.36 m (20 ft 10 in)
  • Wing area: 62 m2 (670 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 17,700 kg (39,022 lb)
  • Gross weight: 24,900 kg (54,895 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 34,500 kg (76,059 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 9,400 kg (20,723 lb) internal[175][unreliable source?]
  • Powerplant: 2 × Saturn AL-31FL/FP Afterburning turbofan engines, 74.5 kN (16,700 lbf) thrust each dry, 122.58 kN (27,560 lbf) with afterburner

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 2,120 km/h (1,320 mph, 1,140 kn) at high altitude
  • Maximum speed: Mach 2
  • Range: 3,000 km (1,900 mi, 1,600 nmi) at high altitude
  • Service ceiling: 17,300 m (56,800 ft)
  • g limits: +9
  • Rate of climb: 230 m/s (45,000 ft/min)
  • Wing loading: 401 kg/m2 (82 lb/sq ft) with 56% fuel
468.3 kg/m2 (95.9 lb/sq ft) with full internal fuel
0.86 with full internal fuel

Armament

Avionics

Accidents

See also: Sukhoi Su-30MKI § Notable accidents
  • On 12 June 1999, a Russian Su-30MK crashed at the Paris Air Show, Le Bourget, France. Both pilots ejected safely and no one was hurt on the ground.[177]
  • On 22 September 2020, a Russian Su-30M2 was shot down by a Su-35S during air combat training which pitted two Su-35S against one Su-30M2. When the pilot of a Su-35S pulled the trigger to record the simulated hit, the jet fired a burst from its 30mm GSh-30-1 cannon, hitting the right wing of the Su-30M2, leaving the aircraft uncontrollable and forcing its crew to eject.[178][179][180]
  • On 23 October 2022, a Russian Su-30SM crashed into a residential building in the Siberian city of Irkutsk during a test flight. Pilots Maxim Konyushin and Viktor Kryukov died in the crash, but there were no casualties on the ground.[181][182] Investigators suspect that the aircraft's oxygen system had been refilled with nitrogen, which caused both pilots to become unconscious and lose control of the aircraft in flight.[183]

Notable appearances in media

Main article: Aircraft in fiction § Sukhoi Su-27 and derivatives

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

  1. ^ . Sukhoi. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
  2. ^ Chacko, Joseph P. (8 December 2022). "Russia will soon receive the latest Su-30SM2: how does the aircraft differ from its predecessor". Frontier India.
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  • Gordon, Yefim and Peter Davison (2006). Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker. Specialty Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58007-091-1.

Further reading

  • Eden, Paul (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London, UK: Amber Books, 2004. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
  • Gordon, Yefim (1999). Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker: Air Superiority Fighter. Airlife Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-84037-029-7.
  • Williams, Mel, ed. (2002). "Sukhoi 'Super Flankers'". Superfighters: The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing Inc., 2002. ISBN 1-880588-53-6.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Sukhoi Su-30 (category)
  • Official Sukhoi Su-30MK page; Official KnAAPO Su-30MK and Su-30MK2 pages
  • Su-30 page on milavia.net
  • Sukhoi Flankers – The Shifting Balance of Regional Air Power
  • Sukhoi Su-30 photo pool on Flickr

April 09, 2023
sukhoi, russian, Сухой, Су, nato, reporting, name, flanker, twin, engine, seat, supermaneuverable, fighter, aircraft, developed, soviet, union, russia, sukhoi, aviation, corporation, multirole, fighter, weather, interdiction, missions, russian, force, 30smrole. The Sukhoi Su 30 Russian Suhoj Su 30 NATO reporting name Flanker C G H is a twin engine two seat supermaneuverable fighter aircraft developed in the Soviet Union by Russia s Sukhoi Aviation Corporation It is a multirole fighter for all weather air to air and air interdiction missions Su 30A Russian Air Force Su 30SMRole Multirole fighter 1 air superiority fighterNational origin Soviet Union RussiaDesign group SukhoiBuilt by KnAAPO Irkut CorporationFirst flight 31 December 1989 33 years ago 1989 12 31 Introduction 1996Status In servicePrimary users Russian Air ForceAlgerian Air Force Armenian Air Force Vietnam People s Air ForceProduced 1992 presentNumber built 630 2 3 4 5 6 7 Developed from Sukhoi Su 27Variants Sukhoi Su 30MKI Sukhoi Su 30MKK Sukhoi Su 30MKMThe Su 30 started as an internal development project in the Sukhoi Su 27 family by Sukhoi From the Su 27UB two seat trainer the Su 27PU heavy interceptor was developed The design plan was revamped and the Su 27PU was renamed to Su 30 by the Russian Defense Ministry in 1996 Of the Flanker family the Su 27 Su 30 Su 33 Su 34 and Su 35 have been ordered into limited or serial production by the Russian Defense Ministry Later different export requirements split the Su 30 into two distinct version branches manufactured by competing organisations KnAAPO and the Irkut Corporation both of which come under the Sukhoi aerospace group s umbrella KnAAPO manufactures the Su 30MKK and the Su 30MK2 which were designed for and sold to China and later Indonesia Uganda Venezuela and Vietnam Due to KnAAPO s involvement from the early stages of developing the Su 35 these are basically a two seat version of the mid 1990s Su 35 The Chinese chose an older but lighter radar so the canards could be omitted in return for increased payload It is a fighter with both air supremacy and attack capabilities generally similar to the U S F 15E Strike Eagle 8 Irkut traditionally served the Soviet Air Defense and in the early years of Flanker development was given the responsibility of manufacturing the Su 27UB the two seat trainer version When India showed interests in the Su 30 Irkut offered the multirole Su 30MKI which originated as the Su 27UB modified with avionics appropriate for fighters Along with its ground attack capabilities the series adds features for the air superiority role such as canards thrust vectoring and a long range phased array radar Its derivatives include the Su 30MKM MKA and SM for Malaysia Algeria and Russia respectively The Russian Air Force operates several Su 30s and has ordered the Su 30SM variant as well Contents 1 Development 2 Design 2 1 Flight characteristics 2 2 Powerplant 2 3 Avionics 3 Operational history 3 1 Russia 3 1 1 2015 Russian military intervention in Syria 3 1 2 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3 2 India 3 3 China 3 4 Malaysia 3 5 Venezuela 3 6 Algeria 3 7 Uganda 3 8 Indonesia 3 9 Angola 3 10 Vietnam 3 11 Kazakhstan 3 12 Armenia 3 13 Belarus 3 14 Potential operators 3 14 1 Iran 3 14 2 Argentina 4 Variants 4 1 Early variants 4 2 Su 30MKI and derivatives 4 3 Su 30MKK and derivatives 5 Operators 6 Specifications Su 27PU Su 30 7 Accidents 8 Notable appearances in media 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksDevelopment EditWhile the original Su 27 had good range it still did not have enough range for the Soviet Air Defense Forces PVO as opposed to VVS the Soviet Air Force The Air Defense Forces needed to cover the vast expanse of the Soviet Union Hence development began in 1986 on the Su 27PU an improved capability variant of the Su 27 capable of serving as a long range interceptor or airborne command post 9 The two seat Su 27UB combat trainer was selected as the basis for the Su 27PU because it had the performance of a single seat Su 27 with seating for two crew members A proof of concept demonstrator flew 6 June 1987 and this success led to the kick off of development work on two Su 27PU prototypes The first Su 27PU flew at Irkutsk on 31 December 1989 and the first of three pre production models flew on 14 April 1992 10 Design Edit Russian Air Force Sukhoi Su 30LL flying along the runway at Zhangjiajie Hehua Airport extremely close to the ground piloted by Anatoly Kvochur The Su 30 is a multirole fighter It has a two seat cockpit with an airbrake behind the canopy It can serve as an air superiority fighter and as a strike fighter 11 Flight characteristics Edit The integrated aerodynamic configuration combined with the thrust vectoring control ability results in high manoeuvrability and unique takeoff and landing characteristics Equipped with a digital fly by wire system the Su 30 is able to perform some very advanced manoeuvres including the Pugachev s Cobra and the tailslide These manoeuvers quickly decelerate the aircraft causing a pursuing fighter to overshoot as well as breaking a Doppler radar lock as the relative speed of the aircraft drops below the threshold where the signal registers to the radar 12 Some variants of the Su 30 notably the Su 30MKI and its derivatives including the Su 30MKM and Su 30SM are fitted with canards to enhance maneuverability and also compensate for the heavier N011M Bars radar and mission systems in the nose The canards and the reshaped LERX help control for the vortices and increase the angle of attack limit of the airframe but they also add drag and reduce the maximum speed to Mach 1 75 13 14 Powerplant Edit As with the baseline Su 27S P the Su 30 s powerplant incorporates two Saturn AL 31F afterburning low bypass turbofan engines fed through intake ramps Two AL 31Fs each rated at 122 6 kN 27 600 lbf of full afterburning thrust for speeds up to Mach 2 in level flight and 1 350 km h speed at low altitude for non canard variants Canted thrust vectoring is used in some variants to enhance maneuverability 14 With a normal fuel reserve of 5 270 kg the Su 30MK is capable of performing a 4 5 hour combat mission with a range of 3 000 km An aerial refueling system increases the range to 5 200 km 3 200 mi or flight duration up to 10 hours at cruise altitudes 14 15 Avionics Edit The aircraft features autopilot ability at all flight stages including low altitude flight in terrain following radar mode and individual and group combat employment against air and ground sea surface targets Automatic control system interconnected with the navigation system ensures route flight target approach recovery to airfield and landing approach in automatic mode Operational history EditRussia Edit Russian Air Force Su 30 In 1994 1996 an initial batch of five original Su 30 Su 27PU fighters contracted for the Russian Defence Ministry were delivered to 54th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment based at Savasleyka air base 16 After the regiment was disbanded in 2002 the aircraft became part of 4th Centre for Combat Employment and Retraining of Personnel in Lipetsk where they were flown mostly by Russian Falcons aerobatic team 17 No further orders of the variant were made However the Russian Defence Ministry was impressed with the export Su 30MKI s performance envelope and ordered a total of 60 Su 30SM fighters under two contracts signed in March and December 2012 respectively citation needed On 21 September 2012 the Su 30SM performed its maiden flight 18 The Russian Air Force has received first two serial aircraft on 22 November 2012 citation needed By end of 2015 31st Fighter Aviation Regiment the last aviation regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces that operated Soviet made MiG 29A UBs izdeliye 9 12 9 13 was fully rearmed with about twenty new Su 30SM fighters 19 All aircraft of the first two contracts were delivered by 2016 citation needed Another 36 aircraft were ordered in April 2016 six of which intended for the Russian Naval Aviation 20 This was to increase the total number to 116 88 in the Air Force and 28 in the Navy 21 In October November 2016 eight new aircraft were handed to Russian Knights aerobatic team replacing the team s six Su 27 fighters The aircraft are stationed at Kubinka air base Moscow Oblast 22 During the 2017 MAKS International Aviation and Space Salon it was announced that the Russian Defence Ministry and Irkut Corporation are working on modernization of Russia s Su 30SM fighters to a new Su 30SM1 standard The modernization is aimed on improvements in aircraft s avionics and armament 23 The Su 30SM attained full operational capability FOC in January 2018 by a resolution of the Russian president 24 In August 2019 the Russian Defence Ministry first signed a contract for undisclosed number of modernized Su 30SM2 then referred to it as Su 30SM1 fighters First deliveries to the Russian Aerospace Forces are scheduled for late 2020 with serial deliveries to commence in 2021 The aircraft will receive the N035 Irbis radar and AL 41F1S engines of the Su 35S what is to standardize and reduce operational costs of the two variants The aircraft s armament will be also enhanced of the new KAB 250 aerial bombs and Kh 59MK2 stealth cruise missiles It is planned to modernize all Russia s Su 30SMs to the SM2 standard 25 On 25 August 2020 a contract for 21 modernized Su 30SM2 aircraft for the Russian Naval Aviation was signed at the ARMY 2020 military technical forum 26 27 28 2015 Russian military intervention in Syria Edit Main article Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War In September 2015 Russia deployed Su 30SM fighters for the first time to Bassel Al Assad International Airport in Latakia Syria At least four Su 30SM fighters were spotted in a satellite photo 29 In late December 2015 there were 16 Su 30SMs at Khmeimim Air Base 30 As part of their combat deployment they provided target illumination for bombers launching airstrikes against rebel groups 31 Su 30SMs were initially tasked with aerial escort of Russian attack jets and strategic bombers but conducted also air to ground duties On 21 March 2017 rebel forces launched a new offensive in the Hama province a few days later a video emerged showing a Russian Air Force Su 30SM striking ground targets with unguided air to ground rockets in a dive attack against the rebels citation needed On 3 May 2018 a Russian Air Force Su 30 crashed shortly after take off from the Khmeimim Air Base killing both crew members 32 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Edit Russian Su 30SM and Su 35s fighters were used for air superiority missions during the war Combined at least seven air to air victories were reported over Ukrainian jet aircraft 33 and one over a Ukrainian Naval Aviation Mil Mi 14 34 A Russian Su 30 was destroyed on the ground by Ukrainian OTR 21 Tochka missiles fired during the Millerovo air base attack 35 On 5 March 2022 a Russian Naval Aviation Su 30SM was shot down in Bashtanka area Mykolayiv Oblast The pilot was captured 36 37 38 On 13 March 2022 another aircraft was lost over Ukraine the pilot Kosyk Serhiy Serhiyovych survived and was captured 39 On 9 August 2022 explosions at Saky air base in Novofedorivka Crimea left at least three Su 30s destroyed and one damaged according to satellite imagery 40 41 On 18 August a Su 30SM serial number RF 81771 had its wreckage recorded in Kharkov region in the Izyum direction 42 The pilot Lt Col Sergei Kosik was captured Another Su 30SM serial number RF 81773 callsign Red 62 was discovered by Ukrainian forces near Izium Kharkiv Fate of the pilots is unknown 43 44 India Edit Main article Sukhoi Su 30MKI Indian Air Force Su 30MKI First talks about acquiring of new fighter for the Indian Air Force began in 1994 A year later Sukhoi Design Bureau has started working on the new fighter based on the original Su 30 design which later evolved into Su 30MK Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Modernised Commercial and ultimately into Su 30MKI Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Indiski Modernised Commercial Indian 45 On 30 November 1996 Russian state company Rosvooruzhenie now Rosoboronexport and Indian Defence Ministry signed a contract for development and production of eight Su 30Ks and 32 Su 30MKIs for the Indian Air Force 45 46 In March July 1997 all eight Su 30Ks of the order were delivered at Lohegaon Air Force Base in India 47 On 28 December 2000 as part of the Russian Indian cooperation a contract worth more than US 3 billion was signed for license production of 140 Su 30MKI fighters at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HAL production plant in Nashik 46 48 Between 2002 2004 in accordance with the 1996 contract 32 Su 30MKIs were built by Irkutsk Aviation Plant for the Indian Air Force 46 From 2004 onwards production is carried by HAL citation needed In 2007 India was cleared by whom to buy another 40 Su 30MKIs for a total of US 1 6 billion 49 In March 2010 it was reported India and Russia were negotiating a contract for additional 42 aircraft citation needed The contract worth US 1 6 billion was signed in December 2011 increasing the total number of ordered aircraft up to 272 50 By March 2020 India had completed the production of all 272 Su 30MKIs licensed under previous contracts 51 The country was also considering acquisition of 12 more fighters to compensate for Su 30 losses over nearly 20 years of operation 52 In 2020 due to the 2020 2021 China India skirmishes India determined to purchase 12 additional Su 30MKIs 53 China Edit Main article Sukhoi Su 30MKK A PLAAF Sukhoi Su 30MKK at Lipetsk To better counter USAF s expanding capabilities in the region in 1996 an agreement worth US 1 8 billion was reached with Russia to purchase some 38 multirole combat aircraft based on the original Su 30 design Taking into account China s requirements for its new fighter the aircraft became known as Su 30MKK Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Kitayski Modernised Commercial Chinese 54 In March 1999 first prototype took off from Gromov Flight Research Institute in Russia and a year later it appeared at Zhuhai Air Show in China People s Liberation Army Air Force PLAAF has received first batch of ten Su 30MKK fighters in December 2000 following by second and third batches of ten fighters in August and December 2001 respectively In July 2001 China has ordered 38 more Su 30MKK fighters 54 A modified variant known as Su 30MK2 was negotiated for the People s Liberation Army Naval Air Force PLANAF in 2002 with contract for 24 aircraft signed in 2003 All the aircraft were delivered to PLANAF in 2004 54 Malaysia Edit Main article Sukhoi Su 30MKM Royal Malaysian Air Force Sukhoi Su 30MKM Malaysia has ordered 18 Su 30MKMs in May 2003 The first two Su 30MKMs were formally handed over in Irkutsk on 23 May 2007 and arrived in Malaysia at Gong Kedak Air Base in Terengganu on 21 June 2007 55 As part of the contract agreement Russia sent the first Malaysian cosmonaut to the International Space Station in October 2007 56 In 2014 Malaysia had 18 Su 30MKMs in service 57 According to Malaysian defense Minister Mohamad Sabu Malaysia has grounded 14 of 18 Su 30MKM due to engine problems and unavailability of spare parts in 2018 58 59 60 To overcome this problem and increase the readiness of the Su 30MKM fleets Malaysia has approved the budget worth RM2 2 billion for the Su 30MKM to be upgraded locally by Aerospace Technology Systems Corporation The first upgraded aircraft was received in 2019 in LIMA 2019 exhibition 61 62 Venezuela Edit Venezuelan Air Force Su 30MK2 The Government of Venezuela announced on 14 June 2006 it would purchase 24 Su 30MKV fighters from Russia The first two Su 30MK2s arrived in early December 2006 while another eight were commissioned during 2007 14 more aircraft arrived in 2008 63 In October 2015 Venezuela announced the purchase of 12 more Su 30MKVs from Russia for US 480 million 64 unreliable source 65 Algeria Edit Algerian Air Force Su 30MKA refuelled by Il 78 Midas As part of wider US 8 billion deal signed with Russia in 2006 that also included 34 MiG 29 fighters and number of Yak 130 trainers Algeria has ordered 28 Su 30MKAs for its air force It was to receive additional 16 Su 30MKAs in exchange for the 39 MiG 29s rejected due to quality disputes and old equipment used 66 67 By 2015 it had 44 Su 30MKAs in service with 14 more on order 68 69 70 In September 2019 Algeria ordered 16 more aircraft As of 2022 it has 70 Su 30MKAs in service 71 Uganda Edit Uganda People s Defence Force Air Wing Su 30MK2 Uganda signed a contract for six Su 30MK2s in 2010 72 Deliveries took place between June 2011 and June 2012 In November 2011 one aircraft performed a belly landing at Entebbe International Airport It was later repaired 73 Indonesia Edit Indonesian President Joko Widodo inside an Indonesian Air Force Su 30 Vietnamese Sukhoi Su 30MK2 with R 73 and R 27 AAMs In 2001 reports emerged Indonesia has showed an interest to acquire about 16 Su 30 fighters 74 as a replacement for its ageing fleet of 12 F 16A B and F 5E F fighters From 2003 to 2011 and because of the U S imposed arms embargo against it it has ordered a combined 11 Su 30MKK MK2s 2 Su 30MKK and 9 Su 30MK2 for the Air Force 75 In September 2013 it had all Su 30MKK MK2s in inventory 75 The aircraft were upgraded by Belarus in 2019 76 Angola Edit As part of a US 1 billion deal that also includes other equipment and maintenance services for the country Angola has ordered 12 out of 18 former Indian Su 30K fighters on 16 October 2013 The Su 30Ks were initially delivered to India in 1997 1998 but were returned to Russia in 2007 in exchange for 18 full fledged Su 30MKI fighters 77 Angola received first two aircraft in September 2017 78 79 four in 2018 80 and the rest in April 2019 Angolan Su 30Ks were also upgraded to the SM standard 81 Vietnam Edit Vietnam has received about 20 Su 30MK2s under two contracts signed in 2009 and 2010 respectively citation needed On 21 August 2013 Russia announced it would deliver another batch of 12 Su 30MK2s under a 450 million contract with deliveries in 2014 2015 citation needed On 14 June 2016 a Su 30MK2 of the Vietnamese Air Force went missing during a training flight 30 40 km off the coast of Nghệ An Province One out of the two pilots survived 82 At the time there were some 32 Su 30MK2s in service 83 Kazakhstan Edit Kazakh Sukhoi Su 30SM at Irkutsk 2 Kazakhstan has ordered in total 24 Su 30SM fighters under three contracts It received first four Su 30SMs under the first contract worth of RUB 5 billion in April 2015 84 85 A second contract for eight aircraft was signed in December 2015 86 First two aircraft of the second order were delivered in December 2016 87 88 and another two in December 2017 89 The third order for 12 more aircraft was approved in August 2017 90 91 and eight aircraft were ordered in May 2018 92 Last four aircraft of the second contract were delivered in December 2018 93 It had 12 Su 30SMs in service as of December 2018 94 Armenia Edit Armenian Air Force s Sukhoi jets In January 2016 then Armenian Defense Minister Seyran Ohanyan mentioned that Russia had discussed the possibility of supplying Su 30 fighters to Armenia during a four day Russian Armenian intergovernmental commission on bilateral military technical cooperation 95 Armenia has ordered four Su 30SMs in February 2019 with deliveries expected to begin in 2020 96 97 The country plans to acquire additional Su 30SM aircraft according to the Armenian Defense Minister David Tonoyan 98 On 27 December 2019 Armenia has received all four aircraft ahead of schedule The aircraft landed at the Shirak Airport during a visit of Armenian Defense Minister David Tonoyan and Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces Artak Davtyan 99 100 In August 2020 negotiations were under way to acquire a new batch of Su 30SM fighters according to Armenian Defense Minister David Tonoyan 101 In March 2021 Nikol Pashinyan Prime Minister of Armenia confirmed that Armenia bought Su 30SM fighters without missiles package from Russia 102 103 104 These aircraft were left unused in the 2020 Nagorno Karabakh war as a result of the purchase of aircraft without missiles 102 104 Belarus Edit In February 2016 Russia and Belarus concluded a preliminary agreement regarding to the export of an undisclosed number of Su 30s to Belarus 105 On 20 June 2017 during the Le Bourget international air show Belarus signed a contract to purchase 12 Su 30SMs under a deal worth US 600 million 106 Originally to be delivered in 2018 107 108 Western embargoes on components delayed delivery with the first four aircraft arriving at Baranovichi Air Base in November 2019 with four more planned to arrive to 2020 with deliveries completed in 2021 109 Potential operators Edit Iran Edit In February 2016 Iran s then Defence Minister Hossein Dehghan during his visit to Moscow announced that the country intends to buy an undisclosed number of Su 30SM fighters 110 Argentina Edit In 2021 Russia offered the Argentine Air Force a batch of 15 MiG 29 fighters and another batch of 12 Su 30 fighters and seeks also the sale of Yak 130 training jet and Mil Mi 17 helicopters 111 Variants EditEarly variants Edit Su 30 Su 27PU Flanker C 112 113 PU for Punkt Upravlenija Control Point or Perechvatcik Uchebnyj Interceptor Trainer Modernized Su 27UB 5 units operated by the Russian Air Defence Forces 16 Su 30K Commercial export version of the basic Su 30 Initially 8 10 with French avionics were delivered to India with plans to upgrade to final Su 30MKI configuration but later all 18 were returned to Russia and 12 were resold to Angola 45 114 Su 27KI Su 30KI Sukhoi proposal for upgrading Russian AF single seat Su 27S Also proposed export version for Indonesia 24 were ordered but subsequently cancelled due to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis 115 1 single seat demonstrator was produced based on the Su 27SK later converted to Su 27SKM in 2002 116 Su 30KN Upgrade project for operational two seat fighters the Su 27UB Su 30 and Su 30K This was cancelled in Russia but later revived as Su 30M2 Belarus consider updating ex Indian Su 30K to the Su 30KN standard citation needed Su 30MK Flanker H 117 Commercial version of Su 30M first revealed in 1993 2 were exported to Indonesia in 2003 later upgraded to Su 30MK2 118 119 Su 30MKI and derivatives Edit Su 30MKI Flanker H 117 MKI for Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Indiski Modernized Commercial Indian An export version for India jointly developed with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HAL It is the first Su 30 family member to feature thrust vectoring control TVC and canards Equipped with a multinational avionics complex sourced from Russia India France and Israel 120 Su 30MKA Flanker H A version of the Su 30MKI sold to Algeria All of the Israeli equipment like the head up display and the digital map generator is replaced by Indian equivalents 121 Su 30MKM Flanker H A derivative of the Russian Indian Su 30MKI 122 the MKM is a highly specialised version for Royal Malaysian Air Force It includes thrust vectoring control TVC and canards but with avionics from various countries It will feature head up displays HUD navigational forward looking IR system NAVFLIR and Damocles Laser Designation pod LDP from Thales Group of France MAW 300 missile approach warning sensor MAWS RWS 50 RWR and laser warning sensor LWS from SAAB AVITRONICS South Africa 123 as well as the Russian NIIP N011M Bars Passive electronically scanned array radar electronic warfare EW system optical location system OLS and a glass cockpit 124 Su 30SM Flanker H 125 SM for Serijnyi Modernizirovannyi Serial Modernized A specialised version of the thrust vectoring Su 30MKI for the Russian Air Force produced by the Irkut Corporation 126 127 NATO reporting name Flanker H The Su 30SM is considered a 4 generation fighter jet 128 129 130 131 132 The aircraft has been upgraded according to Russian military requirements for radar radio communications systems friend or foe identification system ejection seats weapons and other aircraft systems 133 134 It is equipped with the N011M Bars radar with a maximum detection range 400 km search range 200 km using a phased array antenna frontal horizontal fins and steerable thrusters for supermaneuverability as well as with wide angle HUD The aircraft can be used to gain air supremacy same as for targeting adversary on the ground using wide range of weapons including air to air air to surface and guided and unguided bombs with total weapons weight up to 8 000 kg It is also equipped with the one barrel 30 mm GSh 30 1 autocannon To ensure operations at major distances from airfield the ability of in flight refueling IFR is included 127 134 135 136 137 138 139 Besides that for electronic warfare purposes two SAP 518 jamming pods can be fitted on the wing tips The SAP 518 is designed to protect the aircraft from various air to air and surface to air missiles by creating false targets jamming missile s guidance enemy aircraft radars or ground and seaborne air defence 140 Su 30SME Flanker H Su 30SME is the export version of the Su 30SM with foreign avionics of other Su 30MKI derivatives replaced with Russian systems and the possible downgrade of certain systems such as the radar modes and fire control It was unveiled at the Singapore Airshow 2016 and has been offered to Iran Bangladesh Uzbekistan and Myanmar 141 142 13 Su 30SM2 Initially referred to it as SM1 25 is an upgrade project of Russian Su 30SM fighters equipped with the N035 Irbis radar and more powerful AL 41F1S engines of the Su 35S with the goal to reduce operational costs when unifying the two fighters The modernized fighters will also obtain new types of weapons namely the KAB 250 aerial bombs and Kh 59MK2 stealth cruise missile First deliveries are scheduled for end 2020 143 144 25 Su 30MKK and derivatives Edit Su 30MKK Flanker G 113 MKK for Modernizirovanniy Kommercheskiy Kitayskiy Modernized Commercial for China An export version for China NATO reporting name Flanker G 145 Su 30MK2 Flanker G 113 Modernized Su 30MKK for China Indonesia and Uganda with advanced avionics and weapons Su 30MKV Su 30MK2 AMV Flanker G Export version of Su 30MK2 for Venezuela built on Su 35 airframe 146 and thus is slightly smaller than the standard Su 30MK2 147 To avoid confusion after Vietnam also placed an order for Su 30MK2 the designation for those ordered by Venezuela was changed from the original Su 30MKV to Su 30MK2 AMV with AMV stands for Aviacion Militar Venezolana Venezuelan Military Aviation 148 Su 30MK2V Flanker G Export version of Su 30MK2 for Vietnam with modifications such as redesigned ejection seat to accommodate the smaller body frames of Vietnamese pilots and other minor modification of upgrading communications gear 148 The original designation Su 30MKV caused confusion with those Su 30MK2s ordered by Venezuela which already had Su 30MKV designation so to avoid confusion Su 30MK2s ordered by Vietnam was redesignated Su 30MK2V 148 Vietnam still internally designates it Su 30MK2 with the MK2V designation rarely used 149 150 Su 30M2 Flanker G A Su 30MK2 version developed by KnAAPO The Russian Air Force placed an initial order for the variant in 2009 Factory tests were completed in September 2010 151 152 153 Twenty aircraft have been ordered 4 in 2009 and 16 in 2012 154 At least 12 have been produced as of August 2014 all four from the first contract in 2009 and eight from the second contract of 2012 154 They are mostly to be used as combat training aircraft for Su 30SM SM2 and Su 35 fighters Operators Edit Map with Sukhoi Su 30 operators in blue AlgeriaAlgerian Air Force 70 Su 30MKA 2022 71 AngolaAngolan Air Force 12 Su 30Ks in inventory 81 ArmeniaArmenian Air Force 4 Su 30SMs in inventory 155 BelarusBelarusian Air Force 4 Su 30SMs in inventory as of November 2019 12 ordered 109 IndiaIndian Air Force 272 Su 30MKIs in inventory 51 with 12 more ordered 156 IndonesiaIndonesian Air Force 11 Su 30MK2s in inventory 75 KazakhstanKazakh Air Force 12 Su 30SMs in inventory as of December 2018 with three new deliveries in November and December 2020 and in 2021 94 157 158 159 MalaysiaRoyal Malaysian Air Force 18 Su 30MKMs in inventory 155 MyanmarMyanmar Air Force 6 Su 30SME ordered in 2018 160 161 2 Su 30SMEs delivered in March 2022 and entered service on 15 December 162 163 Between 4 and 6 have arrived as of November 2022 164 People s Republic of ChinaPeople s Liberation Army Air Force 73 Su 30MKKs in inventory citation needed People s Liberation Army Naval Air Force 24 Su 30MK2s in inventory 54 RussiaRussian Air Force 91 Su 30SM and 19 Su 30M2 in service as of 2021 165 Russian Naval Aviation 22 Su 30SMs in inventory 21 Su 30SM2s on order 26 27 4 delivered 166 a new delivery in November 2022 167 50 aircraft planned in total 168 169 UgandaUgandan Air Force 6 Su 30MK2s in inventory 170 VenezuelaVenezuelan Air Force 22 Su 30MKVs in inventory 155 VietnamVietnam People s Air Force 35 Su 30MK2 V s in inventory 171 Specifications Su 27PU Su 30 Edit Sukhoi Su 30 3 view drawing Data from KnAAPO 14 Sukhoi 15 Gordon and Davison 172 deagel com 173 airforce technology com 174 General characteristicsCrew 2 Length 21 935 m 72 ft 0 in Wingspan 14 7 m 48 ft 3 in Height 6 36 m 20 ft 10 in Wing area 62 m2 670 sq ft Empty weight 17 700 kg 39 022 lb Gross weight 24 900 kg 54 895 lb Max takeoff weight 34 500 kg 76 059 lb Fuel capacity 9 400 kg 20 723 lb internal 175 unreliable source Powerplant 2 Saturn AL 31FL FP Afterburning turbofan engines 74 5 kN 16 700 lbf thrust each dry 122 58 kN 27 560 lbf with afterburnerPerformance Maximum speed 2 120 km h 1 320 mph 1 140 kn at high altitude Maximum speed Mach 2 Range 3 000 km 1 900 mi 1 600 nmi at high altitude Service ceiling 17 300 m 56 800 ft g limits 9 Rate of climb 230 m s 45 000 ft min Wing loading 401 kg m2 82 lb sq ft with 56 fuel468 3 kg m2 95 9 lb sq ft with full internal fuel dd dd dd Thrust weight 1 with 56 fuel0 86 with full internal fuel dd dd dd Armament Guns 1 30 mm Gryazev Shipunov GSh 30 1 autocannon with 150 rounds Hardpoints 12 hardpoints with a capacity of up to 8 000 kg 18 000 lb with provisions to carry combinations of Rockets S 8KOM BM OM S 13T OF S 25OFM PU Missiles Air to air missiles R 27R ER T ET P EA R 73E M RVV AE R 77 1 M Air to surface missiles Kh 29TE L Kh 59M ME Anti ship missiles Kh 31A Anti radiation missiles Kh 31P Bombs KAB 500KR general purpose bomb KAB 500OD bomb KAB 1500KR GP bomb KAB 1500L laser guided bomb FAB 500T GP bomb BETAB 500SHP bomb ODAB 500PM bomb OFAB 250 270 bomb OFAB 100 120 bomb P 50T bomb RBK 500 cluster bombs SPBE D bombAvionics Bars planar array radar OEPS 27 electro optical targeting system OLS 30 IRST 176 SPO 15 Radar Warning ReceiverAccidents EditSee also Sukhoi Su 30MKI Notable accidents On 12 June 1999 a Russian Su 30MK crashed at the Paris Air Show Le Bourget France Both pilots ejected safely and no one was hurt on the ground 177 On 22 September 2020 a Russian Su 30M2 was shot down by a Su 35S during air combat training which pitted two Su 35S against one Su 30M2 When the pilot of a Su 35S pulled the trigger to record the simulated hit the jet fired a burst from its 30mm GSh 30 1 cannon hitting the right wing of the Su 30M2 leaving the aircraft uncontrollable and forcing its crew to eject 178 179 180 On 23 October 2022 a Russian Su 30SM crashed into a residential building in the Siberian city of Irkutsk during a test flight Pilots Maxim Konyushin and Viktor Kryukov died in the crash but there were no casualties on the ground 181 182 Investigators suspect that the aircraft s oxygen system had been refilled with nitrogen which caused both pilots to become unconscious and lose control of the aircraft in flight 183 Notable appearances in media EditMain article Aircraft in fiction Sukhoi Su 27 and derivativesSee also Edit Aviation portalFourth generation jet fighterRelated development Sukhoi Su 27 Shenyang J 11 Sukhoi Su 33 Sukhoi Su 34 Sukhoi Su 35 Sukhoi Su 37Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era Boeing F A 18E F Super Hornet McDonnell Douglas F 15E Strike Eagle Dassault Rafale Eurofighter Typhoon Mikoyan MiG 35Related lists List of fighter aircraft List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CISReferences Edit Su 30MK page Sukhoi Archived from the original on 13 July 2011 Retrieved 3 July 2011 Chacko Joseph P 8 December 2022 Russia will soon receive the latest Su 30SM2 how does the aircraft differ from its predecessor Frontier India Zbog cega Srbija nece Suhoje TangoSix rs 25 July 2013 Archived from the original on 13 February 2014 Retrieved 14 February 2014 Delivery of Su 30 MKI Fighters for IAF to get Delayed Due to HAL s Limited Assembly Line Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Russian Air Force to Get 21 Su 30 Fighter Jets in 2014 RIA Novosti 13 February 2014 Archived from the original on 13 February 2014 Retrieved 13 February 2014 The Military Balance 2017 Postavki boevyh samoletov v Vooruzhennye Sily Rossii v 2017 godu Archived from the original on 24 March 2018 Retrieved 24 March 2018 Russia Libya in billion dollar arms deal Moscow Top News Archived from the 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Retrieved 24 March 2018 Su 30M Flanker H Air Superiority Fighter Airforce Technology airforce technology com Archived from the original on 3 October 2005 Retrieved 1 April 2015 Internal Server Error Janes com Gordon Yefim amp Davidson Peter 2006 Sukhoi Su 27 Flanker p 46 Warbird Tech Series vol 42 ISBN 978 1 58007 091 1 Russian Su 35 allegedly shot down Russian Su 30 during dogfight training The Aviation Geek Club 23 September 2020 Russian Su 35 pilot who shot down Russian Su 30 will be charge in court with criminal conduct The Aviation Geek Club 11 November 2021 Russian pilot who shot down partner to face trial www aerotime aero Russian fighter jet crashes into a two storey building in Siberia euronews 23 October 2022 Two pilots killed as Russian fighter jet crashes into Siberian home Reuters 23 October 2022 via www reuters com ASN Wikibase Occurrence 300141 aviation safety net 23 October 2022 Gordon Yefim and Peter Davison 2006 Sukhoi Su 27 Flanker Specialty Press 2006 ISBN 978 1 58007 091 1 Further reading EditEden Paul ed The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft London UK Amber Books 2004 ISBN 1 904687 84 9 Gordon Yefim 1999 Sukhoi Su 27 Flanker Air Superiority Fighter Airlife Publishing 1999 ISBN 1 84037 029 7 Williams Mel ed 2002 Sukhoi Super Flankers Superfighters The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft Norwalk Connecticut AIRtime Publishing Inc 2002 ISBN 1 880588 53 6 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukhoi Su 30 category Official Sukhoi Su 30MK page Official KnAAPO Su 30MK and Su 30MK2 pages Su 30 page on milavia net Sukhoi Flankers The Shifting Balance of Regional Air Power Su 30 page on Fighter Tactics Academy site Asia s Advanced Flankers on ausairpower net Sukhoi Su 30 photo pool on Flickr Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sukhoi Su 30 amp oldid 1147990348, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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