fbpx
Wikipedia

Air-to-surface missile

January 23, 2023

An air-to-surface missile (ASM) or air-to-ground missile (AGM) is a missile designed to be launched from military aircraft at targets on land or sea. There are also unpowered guided glide bombs not considered missiles. The two most common propulsion systems for air-to-surface missiles are rocket motors, usually with shorter range, and slower, longer-range jet engines. Some Soviet-designed air-to-surface missiles are powered by ramjets, giving them both long range and high speed.

A pilot inspects an AGM-65 Maverick missile on his A-10 Thunderbolt II.
A Taurus KEPD 350 cruise missile of the German Luftwaffe.

Guidance for air-to-surface missiles is typically via laser guidance, infrared guidance, optical guidance or via satellite guidance signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of target. Ships, for example, may be detected via passive radar or active radar homing, less effective against multiple, small, fast-moving land targets.

There is some cross-over between air-to-surface missiles and surface-to-surface missiles. For example, there was an air-launched version of the Tomahawk missile, superseded by the AGM-86 ALCM. Other missiles used in both roles include the Penguin and AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Many air-to-surface missiles can be used against both ships and land targets, although some must be modified to perform a different role; for example, the AGM-84E Standoff Land Attack Missile is a land-attack version of the Harpoon.

A major advantage of air-to-surface missiles for ground attack by aircraft is the standoff distance they provide: missiles can be launched from a distance without coming within range of the target's air defences. Most air-to-surface missiles are fire-and-forget from a standoff distance, allowing the attacker to withdraw without approaching further after launch. Some missiles (typically cruise missiles or anti-ship missiles) have long enough range to be launched over the horizon, finding the target autonomously.

Sub-categories of air-to-surface missiles include:

Typically, the higher and faster the launching aircraft is flying, the longer the reach of a particular missile is. For long-range missiles this difference can be relatively small, but short-range missiles (like the AGM-65 Maverick) have a much longer range when launched at altitude.

There have been examples of air-launched ballistic missiles (Air Launched ICBM, GAM-87 Skybolt), but they are rare. Sometimes air-to-surface missiles are divided into the categories of tactical and strategic. Typically missiles with chemical explosive or small nuclear warheads are classed as tactical, and large nuclear warheads as strategic.

List of air-to-surface missiles

Japan


Argentina

Brazil

  • MAR-1 Anti-radiation missile
  • FOG-MPM Fiber Optics Guided Multiple Purpose Missile.
  • AVTM-300 Cruise missile.

China

France

Germany

Greece

  • HSC-1 Makedon

India

Israel

Iran

Norway

Pakistan

South Africa

  • Denel ZT3 Ingwe laser guided anti-tank guided missile
  • Denel Mokopa air-to-ground missile
  • Kentron TORGOS air launched sub-sonic cruise missile (development cancelled)
  • Denel Small Guided Missile (in development)

Sweden

Taiwan

Turkey

UK

United States

USSR/Russian Federation

See also

References

  1. ^ "Kuzgun Modular Joint Ammunition Developed by TÜBİTAK SAGE Displayed". RayHaber | RaillyNews. 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  2. ^ "KUZGUN Modular Munition Family at IDEF 2021" (in Turkish). 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  3. ^ "USAF reveals slimmed-down SACM air-to-air missile concept". Flightglobal.com. 2016-02-25. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-09-01. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
  5. ^ "Raytheon to research tactical missile capabilities".
  6. ^ "Textron explores capabilities for next-generation GBU-X munition". 19 November 2015.
  7. ^ "Small Advanced Capabilities Missile - Cord Master Engineering". 29 February 2016.
  8. ^ "Next Gen Kh-32 ant-ship cruise missile tests drawing to a close in Russia".

External links

  • Israel Military Industries Ltd. - Air-to-Ground Ammunition
  • Kongsberg Gruppen
  • Lockheed Martin - JASSM
  • NTI.org - HiWING Mechanical & Electrical Technology Corporation
  • Raytheon Company - AGM-65 Maverick missile

January 23, 2023
surface, missile, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, november,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Air to surface missile news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message An air to surface missile ASM or air to ground missile AGM is a missile designed to be launched from military aircraft at targets on land or sea There are also unpowered guided glide bombs not considered missiles The two most common propulsion systems for air to surface missiles are rocket motors usually with shorter range and slower longer range jet engines Some Soviet designed air to surface missiles are powered by ramjets giving them both long range and high speed A pilot inspects an AGM 65 Maverick missile on his A 10 Thunderbolt II The RAF s Brimstone missile is a fire and forget anti tank missile A Taurus KEPD 350 cruise missile of the German Luftwaffe Guidance for air to surface missiles is typically via laser guidance infrared guidance optical guidance or via satellite guidance signals The type of guidance depends on the type of target Ships for example may be detected via passive radar or active radar homing less effective against multiple small fast moving land targets There is some cross over between air to surface missiles and surface to surface missiles For example there was an air launched version of the Tomahawk missile superseded by the AGM 86 ALCM Other missiles used in both roles include the Penguin and AGM 84 Harpoon anti ship missiles Many air to surface missiles can be used against both ships and land targets although some must be modified to perform a different role for example the AGM 84E Standoff Land Attack Missile is a land attack version of the Harpoon A major advantage of air to surface missiles for ground attack by aircraft is the standoff distance they provide missiles can be launched from a distance without coming within range of the target s air defences Most air to surface missiles are fire and forget from a standoff distance allowing the attacker to withdraw without approaching further after launch Some missiles typically cruise missiles or anti ship missiles have long enough range to be launched over the horizon finding the target autonomously Sub categories of air to surface missiles include air launched anti tank guided missiles typically launched from helicopters air launched cruise missiles air launched anti ship missiles anti radiation missilesTypically the higher and faster the launching aircraft is flying the longer the reach of a particular missile is For long range missiles this difference can be relatively small but short range missiles like the AGM 65 Maverick have a much longer range when launched at altitude There have been examples of air launched ballistic missiles Air Launched ICBM GAM 87 Skybolt but they are rare Sometimes air to surface missiles are divided into the categories of tactical and strategic Typically missiles with chemical explosive or small nuclear warheads are classed as tactical and large nuclear warheads as strategic Contents 1 List of air to surface missiles 1 1 Japan 1 2 Argentina 1 3 Brazil 1 4 China 1 5 France 1 6 Germany 1 7 Greece 1 8 India 1 9 Israel 1 10 Iran 1 11 Norway 1 12 Pakistan 1 13 South Africa 1 14 Sweden 1 15 Taiwan 1 16 Turkey 1 17 UK 1 18 United States 1 19 USSR Russian Federation 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksList of air to surface missiles EditJapan Edit ASM 1 ASM 2 ASM 3 type90 air to ship air to surface missile Argentina Edit MP 1000 Martin Pescador AS 25KBrazil Edit MAR 1 Anti radiation missile FOG MPM Fiber Optics Guided Multiple Purpose Missile AVTM 300 Cruise missile China Edit C 101 C 601 C 602 C 611 C 701 C 704 C 705 C 801 C 802 C 805 Changfeng missile Chang Feng 1 Changfeng missile Chang Feng 2 DH 10 FL series missile FL 8 FL 9 FL 10 FL 7 HJ 8 HJ 9 HJ 10 HJ 73 HN 1 HN 3 HN 2 HY series KD1 missile KD2 missile KD 63 KD 88 LMD 002 missile LMD 003 missile Sky Arrow missile Sky Arrow 90 SY series missile TBI missile TL 6 TL 10 YJ 12 YJ 22 YJ 62 YJ 63 YJ 82 YJ 83 YJ 91 ZD1 missile France Edit AS 11 AS 12 AS 15TT AS 20 AS 30 AS 30 TCA AS 30 Laser AS 37 Martel ARMAT HOT Exocet Mistral SCALP EG TRIGAT LR Apache ASMP ASMP A AASM MLP ANLGermany Edit Taurus KEPD 350 ARMIGER PARS 3 LR HOT missile AS 34 Kormoran RBS 15 in cooperation with Sweden Greece Edit HSC 1 MakedonIndia Edit The Indian Air Force s Rudram 1 is an Anti radiation missile BrahMos HeliNa Dhruvastra SANT Rudram 1 NASM SRIsrael Edit Popeye missile Nimrod missile Luz missile Iran Edit Ghased 3 Zoobin Bina Sadid 1 Fajr 4 Sattar 1 Sattar 2 Sattar 3 Sattar 4 GhaemNorway Edit Penguin missile Naval Strike MissilePakistan Edit Baktar Shikan Air Launched variant H 2 SOW H 4 SOW Ra ad Ra ad II Barq Takbir GIDS REK HAFR 1 HAFR 2 RPB 1South Africa Edit Denel ZT3 Ingwe laser guided anti tank guided missile Denel Mokopa air to ground missile Kentron TORGOS air launched sub sonic cruise missile development cancelled Denel Small Guided Missile in development Sweden Edit Rb 05 RBS 15Taiwan Edit Hsiung Feng II Sky Sword IIA anti radiation missile Wan ChienTurkey Edit Cirit UMTAS MAM Smart Micro Munition MAM C MAM L MAM T SOM Air Launched Cruise Missile Akbaba Anti radiation missile Currently in development TUBITAK SAGE KUZGUN Modern Modular Mutual Cost effective Munition 1 2 KUZGUN TJ Turbojet powered variant KUZGUN SS Gliding variant KUZGUN KY Solid fuel rocket powered variant BOZOK Mini version of KUZGUN specifically designed for UAVs UK Edit Blue Steel missile Brimstone missile Green Cheese missile canceled in 1956 ALARM Storm Shadow BAe Sea Eagle GAM 87 Skybolt air launched ballistic missile canceled Lightweight Multirole Missile SPEAR 3United States Edit AGM 12 Bullpup no longer in service AGM 22 project ceased in 1980s still in limited use AGM 28 Hound Dog no longer in service AGM 45 Shrike no longer in service AGM 53 Condor project cancelled AGM 62 Walleye no longer in service AGM 63 project cancelled AGM 64 Hornet project cancelled AGM 65 Maverick in service AGM 69 SRAM no longer in service AGM 76 Falcon project cancelled AGM 78 Standard ARM no longer in service AGM 79 Blue Eye project cancelled AGM 80 Viper project cancelled AGM 83 Bulldog project cancelled AGM 84 Harpoon in service AGM 86 ALCM in service AGM 87 Focus no longer in service AGM 88 HARM in service AGM 112 reserved when program renamed GBU 15 AGM 114 Hellfire in service AGM 119 Penguin in service AGM 122 Sidearm no longer in service AGM 123 Skipper out of service no longer in service AGM 124 Wasp project cancelled AGM 129 ACM no longer in service AGM 130 AGM 131 SRAM II project cancelled AGM 136 Tacit Rainbow project cancelled AGM 137 TSSAM project cancelled AGM 142 Have Nap in service AGM 153 project cancelled AGM 154 JSOW in service AGM 158 JASSM in service AGM 159 JASSM project cancelled AGM 169 Joint Common Missile project cancelled AGM 176 Griffin in service AGM X 3 4 5 6 7 in development Small Advanced Capabilities Missile SACM in development Bold Orion prototype GAM 87 Skybolt air launched ballistic missile project cancelled High Virgo prototype Hypersonic Air breathing Weapon Concept in development AGM 179 JAGM in development AGM 183A ARRW in development LRSO in development USSR Russian Federation Edit R 82 S 5 S 8 S 13 S 24 S 25 Kh 15 Kh 20 Kh 22 NATO AS 4 Kitchen Russian H 22 Kh 23 Kh 66 Grom AS 7 Kerry Russian H 23 Grom Thunder Kh 25 AS 10 Karen Kh 29 AS 14 Kedge Kh 31 8 AS 17 Krypton Kh 32 AS 4 Krypton Kh 38 Kh 45 Kh 59 AS 13 Kingbolt Kh 90 AS X 19 Koala KS 1 Komet AS 1 Kennel K 10S AS 2 Kipper Kh 20 AS 3 Kangaroo Kh 22 AS 4 Kitchen KSR 2 AS 5 Kelt KSR 5 AS 6 Kingfish Kh 23 Grom AS 7 Kerry 9K114 Shturm AT 6 Spiral Kh 28 AS 9 Kyle Kh 25 AS 10 Karen Kh 58 AS 11 Kilter Kh 25 AS 12 Kegler Kh 59 AS 13 Kingbolt Kh 29 AS 14 Kedge Kh 47M2 Kinzhal AS 24 Killjoy Kh 55 AS 15 Kent Kh 15 AS 16 Kickback Kh 31 AS 17 Krypton AS 18 Kazoo Kh 59M Ovod M Kh 80 AS 19 Koala Kh 35 AS 20 Kayak Hermes ASee also EditSurface to air missile Laser guided bomb Anti tank guided missile Anti ship missile Cruise missile Anti radiation missile Anti surface warfare Air to ground weaponryReferences Edit Kuzgun Modular Joint Ammunition Developed by TUBITAK SAGE Displayed RayHaber RaillyNews 2021 08 17 Retrieved 2021 08 17 KUZGUN Modular Munition Family at IDEF 2021 in Turkish 2021 08 17 Retrieved 2021 08 17 USAF reveals slimmed down SACM air to air missile concept Flightglobal com 2016 02 25 Retrieved 2018 10 18 Raytheon selected to deliver next generation tactical air to air missile solutions IHS Jane s 360 Archived from the original on 2016 09 01 Retrieved 2017 03 26 Raytheon to research tactical missile capabilities Textron explores capabilities for next generation GBU X munition 19 November 2015 Small Advanced Capabilities Missile Cord Master Engineering 29 February 2016 Next Gen Kh 32 ant ship cruise missile tests drawing to a close in Russia External links EditEADS Cassidian division Products DIEHL Defence Guided Missiles Israel Military Industries Ltd Air to Ground Ammunition Kongsberg Gruppen Lockheed Martin JASSM MBDA missile systems solutions NTI org HiWING Mechanical amp Electrical Technology Corporation Royal Air Force Long Range Air to Surface weapons Brimstone Raytheon Company AGM 65 Maverick missile SAAB Group Weapon systems TAURUS Systems GmbH Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Air to surface missile amp oldid 1128369333, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.