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Malapropism

May 16, 2023

A malapropism (also called a malaprop, acyrologia, or Dogberryism) is the mistaken use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound, resulting in a nonsensical, sometimes humorous utterance. An example is the statement attributed to baseball player Yogi Berra, regarding switchhitters, "He hits from both sides of the plate. He's amphibious."[1] Malapropisms often occur as errors in natural speech and are sometimes the subject of media attention, especially when made by politicians or other prominent individuals. Philosopher Donald Davidson has said that malapropisms show the complex process through which the brain translates thoughts into language.

Humorous malapropisms are the type that attract the most attention and commentary, but bland malapropisms are common in speech and writing.

Etymology

 
Louisa Lane Drew as Mrs. Malaprop in an 1895 production of The Rivals

The word "malapropism" (and its earlier form, "malaprop") comes from a character named "Mrs. Malaprop" in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's 1775 play The Rivals.[2] Mrs. Malaprop frequently misspeaks (to comic effect) by using words which do not have the meaning that she intends but which sound similar to words that do. Sheridan chose her name in humorous reference to the word malapropos, an adjective or adverb meaning "inappropriate" or "inappropriately", derived from the French phrase mal à propos (literally "poorly placed"). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of "malapropos" in English is from 1630,[3] and the first person known to have used the word "malaprop" specifically in the sense of "a speech error" is Lord Byron in 1814.[4]

The synonymous term "Dogberryism" comes from the 1598 Shakespeare play Much Ado About Nothing in which the character Dogberry utters many malapropisms to humorous effect.[5] Though Shakespeare was an earlier writer than Sheridan, "malaprop/malapropism" seems an earlier coinage than "Dogberryism", which is not attested until 1836.[6]

Distinguishing features

An instance of speech error is called a malapropism when a word is produced which is nonsensical or ludicrous in context yet similar in sound to what was intended.[7]

Definitions differ somewhat in terms of the cause of the error. Some scholars include only errors that result from a temporary failure to produce the word which the speaker intended.[8] Such errors are sometimes called "Fay–Cutler malapropism", after David Fay and Anne Cutler, who described the occurrence of such errors in ordinary speech.[7][9] Most definitions, however, include any actual word that is wrongly or accidentally used in place of a similar sounding, correct word. This broader definition is sometimes called "classical malapropism",[9] or simply "malapropism".[7]

Malapropisms differ from other kinds of speaking or writing mistakes, such as eggcorns or spoonerisms, as well as the accidental or deliberate production of newly made-up words (neologisms).[9]

For example, it is not a malapropism to use obtuse [wide or dull] instead of acute [narrow or sharp]; it is a malapropism to use obtuse [stupid or slow-witted] when one means abstruse [esoteric or difficult to understand].

Malapropisms tend to maintain the part of speech of the originally intended word. According to linguist Jean Aitchison, "The finding that word selection errors preserve their part of speech suggest that the latter is an integral part of the word, and tightly attached to it."[10] Likewise, substitutions tend to have the same number of syllables and the same metrical structure – the same pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables – as the intended word or phrase. If the stress pattern of the malapropism differs from the intended word, unstressed syllables may be deleted or inserted; stressed syllables and the general rhythmic pattern are maintained.[10]

Examples from fiction

The fictional Mrs. Malaprop in Sheridan's play The Rivals utters many malapropisms. In Act 3 Scene III, she declares to Captain Absolute, "Sure, if I reprehend any thing in this world it is the use of my oracular tongue, and a nice derangement of epitaphs!"[11] This nonsensical utterance might, for example, be corrected to, "If I apprehend anything in this world, it is the use of my vernacular tongue, and a nice arrangement of epithets",[12] —although these are not the only words that can be substituted to produce an appropriately expressed thought in this context, and commentators have proposed other possible replacements that work just as well.

Other malapropisms spoken by Mrs. Malaprop include "illiterate him quite from your memory" (instead of "obliterate"), "he is the very pineapple of politeness" (instead of pinnacle) and "she's as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile" (instead of alligator).[11][13]

Malapropisms appeared in many works before Sheridan created the character of Mrs. Malaprop. William Shakespeare used them in a number of his plays, almost invariably spoken by comic ill-educated lower class characters. Mistress Quickly, the inn-keeper associate of Falstaff in several Shakespeare plays, is a regular user of malapropisms.[14] In Much Ado About Nothing, Constable Dogberry tells Governor Leonato, "Our watch, sir, have indeed comprehended two auspicious persons" (i.e., apprehended two suspicious persons) (Act 3, Scene V).[15]

Malapropism was one of Stan Laurel's comic mannerisms. In Sons of the Desert, for example, he says that Oliver Hardy is suffering a nervous "shakedown" (rather than "breakdown"), calls the Exalted Ruler of their group the "exhausted ruler" and says that he and Oliver are like "two peas in a pot" (instead of "pod"); in The Music Box, he inadvertently asked a policeman, "Don't you think you're bounding over your steps?" meaning "overstepping your bounds",[16] which has much in common with the transposition of a Spoonerism.

Emily Litella, a fictional character created and performed by American comedian Gilda Radner used malapropism to entertain viewers on the late-night comedy show Saturday Night Live,[17] including one skit in which she was puzzled over the hubbub surrounding the "plight of Soviet jewelry" instead of "Soviet Jewry".[18]

British comedian Ronnie Barker also made great use of deliberate malapropisms in his comedy, notably in such sketches as his "Appeal on behalf of the Loyal Society for the Relief of Suffers from Pismronunciation", which mixed malapropisms and garbled words for comic effect – including news of a speech which "gave us a few well-frozen worms (i.e., well-chosen words) in praise of the society".[19][non-primary source needed]

Ring Lardner used malapropism extensively for comic effect.[20] For example, in his short story The Young Immigrunts, the four-year-old narrator repeatedly refers to a bride and groom as the "bride and glum".[21]

Archie Bunker, a character in the American TV sitcom All in the Family, used malapropisms frequently: he refers, for example, to "off-the-docks Jews" (Orthodox Jews) and the "Women's Lubrication Movement" (rather than Liberation).[22] Intending to refer to the medical specialized field of gynecology and to specialist in that field as a gynecologist, he would mispronounce the words as "groinecology" and "groinecologist".[23]

Tyler Perry's fictional character Madea is known for her Southern dialectical usage of malapropisms, which some critics link to the Mammy archetype.[24]

The Doctor says many malapropisms in Time and the Rani.[25]

Real-life examples

Malapropisms do not occur only as comedic literary devices. They also occur as a kind of speech error in ordinary speech.[8] Examples are often quoted in the media.

Former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott once claimed that no one "is the suppository of all wisdom" (i.e., repository or depository).[26]

Similarly, as reported in New Scientist, an office worker had described a colleague as "a vast suppository of information". The worker then apologised for his "Miss-Marple-ism" (i.e., malapropism).[27] New Scientist noted this as possibly the first time anyone had uttered a malapropism for the word malapropism itself.

Bertie Ahern, former Taoiseach of Ireland, warned his country against "upsetting the apple tart" (apple cart) of his country's economic success.[28][29]

Former Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley referred to a tandem bicycle as a "tantrum bicycle" and made mention of "Alcoholics Unanimous" (Alcoholics Anonymous).[30]

Hall of Fame baseball player Yogi Berra was well known for corrupting speech, such as "Texas has a lot of electrical votes", rather than "electoral votes".[31] Berra was so adept at twisting both words and logic the term "Yogism" was coined to describe his quirky utterances and observations, first recorded on his being honored in his hometown of St. Louis during his rookie season with, "I want to thank everybody for making this day necessary."[1]

Former Texas Governor Rick Perry has been known to commonly utter malapropisms; for example, he described states as "lavatories of innovation and democracy" instead of "laboratories".[32]

During a Senate hearing, Philippine presidential communications assistant secretary Mocha Uson stumbled on the legal phrase "right against self-incrimination" by invoking her "right against self-discrimination" instead.[33]

Former world Heavyweight champion boxer Mike Tyson, upon being asked about his next plans moments after losing in a world title fight with Lennox Lewis, declared that "I might fade into Bolivian" (oblivion).[34][35]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a common meme format was introduced where Internet users feigned malapropism by substituting the word "pandemic" with similar sounding words (such as "panorama", "pandemonium", or "panini"), a practice often attributed to Black Twitter.[36]

United States congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene has used malapropisms in both communications directed at her base as well as when she communicates with the rest of the world, including references to: "peach tree dish"[37] (petri dish), "gazpacho police,"[38] (gestapo), and "fragrantly violated..."[39] (flagrantly), among others.

During the lead-up to the 2022 U.S. midterm elections, American Republican Senate hopeful Herschel Walker was mocked online after claiming "this erection is about the people" (election), during an interview on Fox News.[40]

Philosophical implications

In his essay "A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs", philosopher Donald Davidson suggests that malapropisms reveal something about how people process the meanings of words. He argues that language competence must not simply involve learning a set meaning for each word, and then rigidly applying those semantic rules to decode other people's utterances. Rather, he says, people must also be continually making use of other contextual information to interpret the meaning of utterances, and then modifying their understanding of each word's meaning based on those interpretations.[41]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "'Yogisms': Yogi Berra's best sayings". Major League Baseball at mlb.com. December 8, 2021.
  2. ^ "malapropism, n.". Oxford English Dictionary (third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3.
  3. ^ "malapropos, adv., adj., and n.". Oxford English Dictionary (third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3.
  4. ^ "malaprop, n. and adj.". Oxford English Dictionary (third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3.
  5. ^ Berger, Harry (2005). Situated Utterances. Fordham University Press. p. 499. ISBN 0-8232-2429-5.
  6. ^ "Dogberry, n.2". Oxford English Dictionary online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
  7. ^ a b c Aitchison, Jeanne; Straf, Miron (1982). "Lexical storage and retrieval: a developing skill?". In Anne Cutler (ed.). Slips of the Tongue and Language Production. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 197–242. ISBN 978-3-11-082830-6. Retrieved 2013-09-12.
  8. ^ a b Fay, David; Cutler, Anne (1977). . Linguistic Inquiry. 8 (3): 505–520. JSTOR 4177997. Archived from the original on 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2015-10-31.
  9. ^ a b c Zwicky, Arnold (1982). "Classical malapropisms and the creation of the mental lexicon" (PDF). In Loraine Obler and Lise Menn (ed.). Exceptional Language and Linguistics. Academic Press. pp. 115–132. ISBN 978-0-12-523680-5. Retrieved 2013-09-12.
  10. ^ a b Aitchison, Jean (2012). Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1118170960.
  11. ^ a b Sheridan, Richard Brinsley (2008) [1775], The Rivals: A Comedy, retrieved 2012-07-10
  12. ^ "Quotations from Richard Brinsley Sheridan". Poem Hunter. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  13. ^ There are not alligators on the banks of the Nile, although there are crocodiles.
  14. ^ Fergusun, Margaret, Dido's Daughters: Literacy, Gender, and Empire in Early Modern England and France, University of Chicago Press, 2007, p.17.
  15. ^ Shakespeare, William (1997) [1598], Much Ado About Nothing, retrieved 2012-07-10
  16. ^ Gehring, Wes (1990). Laurel and Hardy: A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-25172-6. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  17. ^ "Word of the Day: Malapropism". Merriam-Webster. 2020-05-17. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
  18. ^ Higgins, Sean (January 1, 2009). "The Censorship Doctrine: Silencing Talk Radio in the Name of 'Fairness'". Foundation Watch.
  19. ^ Ronnie Barker monologue: Pismronunciation", The Guardian, 4 October 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  20. ^ Lardner, Ring (2017). Rapoport, Ron (ed.). The Lost Journalism of Ring Lardner. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. p. 531. ISBN 978-0803269736.
  21. ^ Lardner, Ring (2013). Frazier, Ian (ed.). Ring Lardner: Stories & Other Writings. New York: Library of America. p. 310. ISBN 978-1598532531.
  22. ^ Shapiro, Marianne; Shapiro, Michael (2005). "Chapter 21: The semiotics of Archie Bunker". From The Critic's Workbench: Essays In Literature And Semiotics. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-7915-6. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  23. ^ "Examples of Malaproposism". YourDictionary.com. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  24. ^ Merritt, Bishetta D.; Cummings, Melbourne S. (2013). "The African American Woman on Film". In J.S.C. Bell; R.L. Jackson II (eds.). Interpreting Tyler Perry: Perspectives on Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality. doi:10.4324/9781315889832. ISBN 9781315889832.
  25. ^ "Doctor Who Classic S24E01 Time and the Rani". Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  26. ^ Liberals squirm as Abbott refers to 'the suppository of wisdom', The Sydney Morning Herald, 2013-08-12, retrieved 2017-07-10
  27. ^ "New Scientist 18 June 2005 Malapropism for malapropism". Newscientist.com. 2005-06-18. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
  28. ^ Mayer, Catherine (2007-04-26). . Time. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  29. ^ "Brexit means breakfast for Welsh Tory leader Davies", BBC News, 2016-10-04, retrieved 2016-12-30
  30. ^ Kennedy, Eugene (1978). Himself!: The Life and Times of Mayor Richard J. Daley. Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-37258-4. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
  31. ^ Examples of Malapropism. Examples.yourdictionary.com (2015-10-09)
  32. ^ Whittaker, Richard. (2014-08-29) Perry: Welcome to the 'Lavatory': Perry fights charges; has an "oops" - News. The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved on 2015-10-31.
  33. ^ Ager, Maila. (2017-10-04) Mocha invokes right against self-discri… er, incrimination at Senate hearing. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved on 2017-10-09.
  34. ^ "Mike Tyson fades into Bolivian". 30 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11 – via YouTube.
  35. ^ "ESPN.com: Page 2 : Say 'goodbye' to our little friend". www.espn.com.
  36. ^ Brown, Evan Nicole (19 March 2021). "How Nicknames for the Pandemic Became a Popular Online Trend". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  37. ^ "Marjorie Taylor Greene warns of meat grown in a 'peach tree dish'". Independent.co.uk. 30 May 2022.
  38. ^ "Marjorie Taylor Greene Addresses 'Gazpacho Police' Gaffe, Only Makes the Mockery Worse". 12 February 2022.
  39. ^ "Marjorie Taylor Greene's latest blunder might be the funniest yet". 10 June 2022.
  40. ^ "Herschel Walker's 'erection' remark sparks torrent of memes, jokes". Newsweek. 23 November 2022.
  41. ^ Davidson, Donald (1986). "A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs". In R. Grandy and R. Warner (ed.). Philosophical Grounds of Rationality. Oxford University Press. pp. 157–174. ISBN 0-19-824464-9.

Further reading

  • Weingarten, Gene. (2014-02-16) "An add homonym attack" Retrieved 2014-02-25.

External links

  •   The dictionary definition of malapropism at Wiktionary

May 16, 2023
malapropism, malapropism, also, called, malaprop, acyrologia, dogberryism, mistaken, incorrect, word, place, word, with, similar, sound, resulting, nonsensical, sometimes, humorous, utterance, example, statement, attributed, baseball, player, yogi, berra, rega. A malapropism also called a malaprop acyrologia or Dogberryism is the mistaken use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound resulting in a nonsensical sometimes humorous utterance An example is the statement attributed to baseball player Yogi Berra regarding switchhitters He hits from both sides of the plate He s amphibious 1 Malapropisms often occur as errors in natural speech and are sometimes the subject of media attention especially when made by politicians or other prominent individuals Philosopher Donald Davidson has said that malapropisms show the complex process through which the brain translates thoughts into language Humorous malapropisms are the type that attract the most attention and commentary but bland malapropisms are common in speech and writing Contents 1 Etymology 2 Distinguishing features 3 Examples from fiction 4 Real life examples 5 Philosophical implications 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEtymology Edit Louisa Lane Drew as Mrs Malaprop in an 1895 production of The Rivals The word malapropism and its earlier form malaprop comes from a character named Mrs Malaprop in Richard Brinsley Sheridan s 1775 play The Rivals 2 Mrs Malaprop frequently misspeaks to comic effect by using words which do not have the meaning that she intends but which sound similar to words that do Sheridan chose her name in humorous reference to the word malapropos an adjective or adverb meaning inappropriate or inappropriately derived from the French phrase mal a propos literally poorly placed According to the Oxford English Dictionary the first recorded use of malapropos in English is from 1630 3 and the first person known to have used the word malaprop specifically in the sense of a speech error is Lord Byron in 1814 4 The synonymous term Dogberryism comes from the 1598 Shakespeare play Much Ado About Nothing in which the character Dogberry utters many malapropisms to humorous effect 5 Though Shakespeare was an earlier writer than Sheridan malaprop malapropism seems an earlier coinage than Dogberryism which is not attested until 1836 6 Distinguishing features EditAn instance of speech error is called a malapropism when a word is produced which is nonsensical or ludicrous in context yet similar in sound to what was intended 7 Definitions differ somewhat in terms of the cause of the error Some scholars include only errors that result from a temporary failure to produce the word which the speaker intended 8 Such errors are sometimes called Fay Cutler malapropism after David Fay and Anne Cutler who described the occurrence of such errors in ordinary speech 7 9 Most definitions however include any actual word that is wrongly or accidentally used in place of a similar sounding correct word This broader definition is sometimes called classical malapropism 9 or simply malapropism 7 Malapropisms differ from other kinds of speaking or writing mistakes such as eggcorns or spoonerisms as well as the accidental or deliberate production of newly made up words neologisms 9 For example it is not a malapropism to use obtuse wide or dull instead of acute narrow or sharp it is a malapropism to use obtuse stupid or slow witted when one means abstruse esoteric or difficult to understand Malapropisms tend to maintain the part of speech of the originally intended word According to linguist Jean Aitchison The finding that word selection errors preserve their part of speech suggest that the latter is an integral part of the word and tightly attached to it 10 Likewise substitutions tend to have the same number of syllables and the same metrical structure the same pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables as the intended word or phrase If the stress pattern of the malapropism differs from the intended word unstressed syllables may be deleted or inserted stressed syllables and the general rhythmic pattern are maintained 10 Examples from fiction EditThe fictional Mrs Malaprop in Sheridan s play The Rivals utters many malapropisms In Act 3 Scene III she declares to Captain Absolute Sure if I reprehend any thing in this world it is the use of my oracular tongue and a nice derangement of epitaphs 11 This nonsensical utterance might for example be corrected to If I apprehend anything in this world it is the use of my vernacular tongue and a nice arrangement of epithets 12 although these are not the only words that can be substituted to produce an appropriately expressed thought in this context and commentators have proposed other possible replacements that work just as well Other malapropisms spoken by Mrs Malaprop include illiterate him quite from your memory instead of obliterate he is the very pineapple of politeness instead of pinnacle and she s as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile instead of alligator 11 13 Malapropisms appeared in many works before Sheridan created the character of Mrs Malaprop William Shakespeare used them in a number of his plays almost invariably spoken by comic ill educated lower class characters Mistress Quickly the inn keeper associate of Falstaff in several Shakespeare plays is a regular user of malapropisms 14 In Much Ado About Nothing Constable Dogberry tells Governor Leonato Our watch sir have indeed comprehended two auspicious persons i e apprehended two suspicious persons Act 3 Scene V 15 Malapropism was one of Stan Laurel s comic mannerisms In Sons of the Desert for example he says that Oliver Hardy is suffering a nervous shakedown rather than breakdown calls the Exalted Ruler of their group the exhausted ruler and says that he and Oliver are like two peas in a pot instead of pod in The Music Box he inadvertently asked a policeman Don t you think you re bounding over your steps meaning overstepping your bounds 16 which has much in common with the transposition of a Spoonerism Emily Litella a fictional character created and performed by American comedian Gilda Radner used malapropism to entertain viewers on the late night comedy show Saturday Night Live 17 including one skit in which she was puzzled over the hubbub surrounding the plight of Soviet jewelry instead of Soviet Jewry 18 British comedian Ronnie Barker also made great use of deliberate malapropisms in his comedy notably in such sketches as his Appeal on behalf of the Loyal Society for the Relief of Suffers from Pismronunciation which mixed malapropisms and garbled words for comic effect including news of a speech which gave us a few well frozen worms i e well chosen words in praise of the society 19 non primary source needed Ring Lardner used malapropism extensively for comic effect 20 For example in his short story The Young Immigrunts the four year old narrator repeatedly refers to a bride and groom as the bride and glum 21 Archie Bunker a character in the American TV sitcom All in the Family used malapropisms frequently he refers for example to off the docks Jews Orthodox Jews and the Women s Lubrication Movement rather than Liberation 22 Intending to refer to the medical specialized field of gynecology and to specialist in that field as a gynecologist he would mispronounce the words as groinecology and groinecologist 23 Tyler Perry s fictional character Madea is known for her Southern dialectical usage of malapropisms which some critics link to the Mammy archetype 24 The Doctor says many malapropisms in Time and the Rani 25 Real life examples EditMalapropisms do not occur only as comedic literary devices They also occur as a kind of speech error in ordinary speech 8 Examples are often quoted in the media Former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott once claimed that no one is the suppository of all wisdom i e repository or depository 26 Similarly as reported in New Scientist an office worker had described a colleague as a vast suppository of information The worker then apologised for his Miss Marple ism i e malapropism 27 New Scientist noted this as possibly the first time anyone had uttered a malapropism for the word malapropism itself Bertie Ahern former Taoiseach of Ireland warned his country against upsetting the apple tart apple cart of his country s economic success 28 29 Former Chicago Mayor Richard J Daley referred to a tandem bicycle as a tantrum bicycle and made mention of Alcoholics Unanimous Alcoholics Anonymous 30 Hall of Fame baseball player Yogi Berra was well known for corrupting speech such as Texas has a lot of electrical votes rather than electoral votes 31 Berra was so adept at twisting both words and logic the term Yogism was coined to describe his quirky utterances and observations first recorded on his being honored in his hometown of St Louis during his rookie season with I want to thank everybody for making this day necessary 1 Former Texas Governor Rick Perry has been known to commonly utter malapropisms for example he described states as lavatories of innovation and democracy instead of laboratories 32 During a Senate hearing Philippine presidential communications assistant secretary Mocha Uson stumbled on the legal phrase right against self incrimination by invoking her right against self discrimination instead 33 Former world Heavyweight champion boxer Mike Tyson upon being asked about his next plans moments after losing in a world title fight with Lennox Lewis declared that I might fade into Bolivian oblivion 34 35 During the COVID 19 pandemic a common meme format was introduced where Internet users feigned malapropism by substituting the word pandemic with similar sounding words such as panorama pandemonium or panini a practice often attributed to Black Twitter 36 United States congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene has used malapropisms in both communications directed at her base as well as when she communicates with the rest of the world including references to peach tree dish 37 petri dish gazpacho police 38 gestapo and fragrantly violated 39 flagrantly among others During the lead up to the 2022 U S midterm elections American Republican Senate hopeful Herschel Walker was mocked online after claiming this erection is about the people election during an interview on Fox News 40 Philosophical implications EditIn his essay A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs philosopher Donald Davidson suggests that malapropisms reveal something about how people process the meanings of words He argues that language competence must not simply involve learning a set meaning for each word and then rigidly applying those semantic rules to decode other people s utterances Rather he says people must also be continually making use of other contextual information to interpret the meaning of utterances and then modifying their understanding of each word s meaning based on those interpretations 41 See also EditAnti proverb Bushism Catachresis Chernomyrdinka Colemanballs Dundrearyism Error linguistics Freudian slip Goldwynisms Homonym Johnny Dangerously Mondegreen Mumpsimus Norm Crosby Trailer Park Boys YogiismReferences Edit a b Yogisms Yogi Berra s best sayings Major League Baseball at mlb com December 8 2021 malapropism n Oxford English Dictionary third ed Oxford Oxford University Press 2000 ISBN 978 0 19 957112 3 malapropos adv adj and n Oxford English Dictionary third ed Oxford Oxford University Press 2000 ISBN 978 0 19 957112 3 malaprop n and adj Oxford English Dictionary third ed Oxford Oxford University Press 2000 ISBN 978 0 19 957112 3 Berger Harry 2005 Situated Utterances Fordham University Press p 499 ISBN 0 8232 2429 5 Dogberry n 2 Oxford English Dictionary online Oxford Oxford University Press 2010 ISBN 978 0 19 957112 3 Retrieved 2013 09 09 a b c Aitchison Jeanne Straf Miron 1982 Lexical storage and retrieval a developing skill In Anne Cutler ed Slips of the Tongue and Language Production Walter de Gruyter pp 197 242 ISBN 978 3 11 082830 6 Retrieved 2013 09 12 a b Fay David Cutler Anne 1977 Malapropisms and the Structure of the Mental Lexicon Linguistic Inquiry 8 3 505 520 JSTOR 4177997 Archived from the original on 2016 08 16 Retrieved 2015 10 31 a b c Zwicky Arnold 1982 Classical malapropisms and the creation of the mental lexicon PDF In Loraine Obler and Lise Menn ed Exceptional Language and Linguistics Academic Press pp 115 132 ISBN 978 0 12 523680 5 Retrieved 2013 09 12 a b Aitchison Jean 2012 Words in the Mind An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1118170960 a b Sheridan Richard Brinsley 2008 1775 The Rivals A Comedy retrieved 2012 07 10 Quotations from Richard Brinsley Sheridan Poem Hunter Retrieved 2012 07 10 There are not alligators on the banks of the Nile although there are crocodiles Fergusun Margaret Dido s Daughters Literacy Gender and Empire in Early Modern England and France University of Chicago Press 2007 p 17 Shakespeare William 1997 1598 Much Ado About Nothing retrieved 2012 07 10 Gehring Wes 1990 Laurel and Hardy A Bio Bibliography Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 313 25172 6 Retrieved 11 December 2012 Word of the Day Malapropism Merriam Webster 2020 05 17 Retrieved 2021 06 03 Higgins Sean January 1 2009 The Censorship Doctrine Silencing Talk Radio in the Name of Fairness Foundation Watch Ronnie Barker monologue Pismronunciation The Guardian 4 October 2005 Retrieved 6 July 2015 Lardner Ring 2017 Rapoport Ron ed The Lost Journalism of Ring Lardner Nebraska University of Nebraska Press p 531 ISBN 978 0803269736 Lardner Ring 2013 Frazier Ian ed Ring Lardner Stories amp Other Writings New York Library of America p 310 ISBN 978 1598532531 Shapiro Marianne Shapiro Michael 2005 Chapter 21 The semiotics of Archie Bunker From The Critic s Workbench Essays In Literature And Semiotics Peter Lang ISBN 978 0 8204 7915 6 Retrieved 2012 07 10 Examples of Malaproposism YourDictionary com Retrieved April 2 2022 Merritt Bishetta D Cummings Melbourne S 2013 The African American Woman on Film In J S C Bell R L Jackson II eds Interpreting Tyler Perry Perspectives on Race Class Gender and Sexuality doi 10 4324 9781315889832 ISBN 9781315889832 Doctor Who Classic S24E01 Time and the Rani Retrieved 31 March 2023 Liberals squirm as Abbott refers to the suppository of wisdom The Sydney Morning Herald 2013 08 12 retrieved 2017 07 10 New Scientist 18 June 2005 Malapropism for malapropism Newscientist com 2005 06 18 Retrieved 2012 10 02 Mayer Catherine 2007 04 26 Mr Popularity Time Archived from the original on November 14 2007 Retrieved 2010 05 12 Brexit means breakfast for Welsh Tory leader Davies BBC News 2016 10 04 retrieved 2016 12 30 Kennedy Eugene 1978 Himself The Life and Times of Mayor Richard J Daley Viking Press ISBN 978 0 670 37258 4 Retrieved 2012 07 10 Examples of Malapropism Examples yourdictionary com 2015 10 09 Whittaker Richard 2014 08 29 Perry Welcome to the Lavatory Perry fights charges has an oops News The Austin Chronicle Retrieved on 2015 10 31 Ager Maila 2017 10 04 Mocha invokes right against self discri er incrimination at Senate hearing Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved on 2017 10 09 Mike Tyson fades into Bolivian 30 January 2017 Archived from the original on 2021 12 11 via YouTube ESPN com Page 2 Say goodbye to our little friend www espn com Brown Evan Nicole 19 March 2021 How Nicknames for the Pandemic Became a Popular Online Trend The New York Times Retrieved 10 April 2022 Marjorie Taylor Greene warns of meat grown in a peach tree dish Independent co uk 30 May 2022 Marjorie Taylor Greene Addresses Gazpacho Police Gaffe Only Makes the Mockery Worse 12 February 2022 Marjorie Taylor Greene s latest blunder might be the funniest yet 10 June 2022 Herschel Walker s erection remark sparks torrent of memes jokes Newsweek 23 November 2022 Davidson Donald 1986 A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs In R Grandy and R Warner ed Philosophical Grounds of Rationality Oxford University Press pp 157 174 ISBN 0 19 824464 9 Further reading EditWeingarten Gene 2014 02 16 An add homonym attack Retrieved 2014 02 25 External links Edit The dictionary definition of malapropism at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malapropism amp oldid 1151122945, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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