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Wikipedia

Paul McCartney

Sir James Paul McCartney CH MBE (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter and musician who gained worldwide fame with the Beatles, for whom he played bass guitar and shared primary songwriting and lead vocal duties with John Lennon. One of the most successful composers and performers of all time, McCartney is known for his melodic approach to bass-playing, versatile and wide tenor vocal range, and musical eclecticism, exploring styles ranging from pre–rock and roll pop to classical and electronica. His songwriting partnership with Lennon remains the most successful in history.[4]


Paul McCartney

McCartney in 2021
Born
James Paul McCartney

(1942-06-18) 18 June 1942 (age 80)
Liverpool, England
Other names
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • musician
  • record and film producer
  • businessman
Years active1957–present
Spouses
PartnerJane Asher (1963–1968)
Children5, including Heather, Mary, Stella and James
RelativesMike McGear (brother)
AwardsFull list
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • bass guitar
  • guitar
  • keyboards
Labels
Formerly of
Websitepaulmccartney.com
Signature

Born in Liverpool, McCartney taught himself piano, guitar and songwriting as a teenager, having been influenced by his father, a jazz player, and rock and roll performers such as Little Richard and Buddy Holly. He began his career when he joined Lennon's skiffle group, the Quarrymen, in 1957, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. Sometimes called "the cute Beatle", McCartney later involved himself with the London avant-garde and spearheaded the incorporation of experimental aesthetics into the Beatles' studio productions. Starting with the 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, he gradually became the band's de facto leader, providing the creative impetus for most of their music and film projects. Many of his Beatles songs, including "And I Love Her", "Yesterday", "Eleanor Rigby", and "Blackbird", rank among the most covered songs in history.[5][6] While primarily a bassist with the Beatles, in various songs he played a number of other instruments, including keyboards, guitars, and drums.

After the Beatles disbanded, he debuted as a solo artist with the 1970 album McCartney and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. Led by McCartney, Wings was one of the most successful bands of the 1970s, and he wrote or co-wrote their US or UK number-one hits "My Love", "Band on the Run", "Listen to What the Man Said", "Silly Love Songs", and "Mull of Kintyre". He resumed his solo career in 1980 and has toured as a solo artist since 1989. Without Wings, his UK or US number-one hits have included "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" (with Linda), "Coming Up", "Pipes of Peace", "Ebony and Ivory" (with Stevie Wonder), and "Say Say Say" (with Michael Jackson). Beyond music, he has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to such subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty, and music education.

McCartney has written or co-written a record 32 songs that have topped the Billboard Hot 100 and, as of 2009, had sales of 25.5 million RIAA-certified units in the US. His honours include two inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1999), an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, 18 Grammy Awards, an appointment as a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1965 and a knighthood in 1997 for services to music. As of 2020, he is one of the wealthiest musicians in the world, with an estimated fortune of £800 million.[7]

Early life

 
The home at 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton, into which the McCartney family moved in 1955

McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 at Walton Hospital in the Walton area of Liverpool, where his mother, Mary Patricia (née Mohin), had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James ("Jim") McCartney, was absent from his son's birth, due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II. Both of his parents were of Irish descent.[8] McCartney has a younger brother, Peter Michael, and a younger stepsister, Ruth, born to his father's second wife, Angie, during her first marriage.[9] Paul and Michael were baptised in their mother's Catholic faith, even though their father was a former Protestant who had turned agnostic. Religion was not emphasised in the household.[10]

According to his biographer Peter Ames Carlin, McCartney's parents came from the "lowest rungs of the working class"[11] but had experienced some upward social mobility during their lifetimes. Before the war, Jim had worked as a salesman for the cotton merchants A. Hannay and Co., having been promoted from his job as a sample boy in their warehouse; when the war broke out, Hannay's was shuttered, and Jim was employed as a lathe turner at Napier's defence engineering works, volunteering for the fire brigade at night.[12] The growing family was rehoused at a flat in Knowsley in 1944 and then in a council housing development in Speke in 1946. After the war, Jim returned to his job at the cotton merchants with a reduced income. Mary's work as a visiting midwife was much more remunerative.[11]

McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton.[13] In 1953, he was one of only three students out of 90 to pass the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute, a grammar school rather than a secondary modern school.[14] In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his suburban home in Speke. The two quickly became friends; McCartney later admitted: "I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger."[15]

The type of people that I came from, I never saw better! [...] I mean, the Presidents, the Prime Minister, I never met anyone half as nice as some of the people I know from Liverpool who are nothing, who do nothing. They're not important or famous. But they are smart, like my dad was smart. I mean, people who can just cut through problems like a hot knife through butter. The kind of people you need in life. Salt of the earth.[16]

— Paul McCartney, Playboy interview, 1984

McCartney's mother, Mary, was a midwife and the family's primary wage earner; her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton,[17] where they lived until 1964.[18] She rode a bicycle to her patients; McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at "about three in the morning [the] streets ... thick with snow".[19] On 31 October 1956, when McCartney was 14, his mother died of an embolism as a complication of surgery for breast cancer.[20] McCartney's loss later became a connection with John Lennon, whose mother, Julia, had died when he was 17.[21]

McCartney's father was a trumpet player and pianist who led Jim Mac's Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept an upright piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised McCartney to take piano lessons. However, McCartney preferred to learn by ear.[22][nb 1] When McCartney was 11, his father encouraged him to audition for the Liverpool Cathedral choir, but he was not accepted. McCartney then joined the choir at St Barnabas' Church, Mossley Hill.[25] McCartney received a nickel-plated trumpet from his father for his fourteenth birthday, but when rock and roll became popular on Radio Luxembourg, McCartney traded it for a £15 Framus Zenith (model 17) acoustic guitar, since he wanted to be able to sing while playing.[26] He found it difficult to play guitar right-handed, but after noticing a poster advertising a Slim Whitman concert and realising that Whitman played left-handed, he reversed the order of the strings.[27] McCartney wrote his first song, "I Lost My Little Girl", on the Zenith, and composed another early tune that would become "When I'm Sixty-Four" on the piano. American rhythm and blues influenced him, and Little Richard was his schoolboy idol; "Long Tall Sally" was the first song McCartney performed in public, at a Butlin's Filey holiday camp talent competition.[28]

Career

1957–1960: The Quarrymen

At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957, McCartney met John Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall fête in Woolton.[29] The Quarrymen played a mix of rock and roll and skiffle, a type of popular music with jazz, blues and folk influences.[30] Soon afterwards, the members of the band invited McCartney to join as a rhythm guitarist, and he formed a close working relationship with Lennon. Harrison joined in 1958 as lead guitarist, followed by Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe on bass, in 1960.[31] By May 1960, the band had tried several names, including Johnny and the Moondogs, Beatals and the Silver Beetles.[32] They adopted the name the Beatles in August 1960 and recruited drummer Pete Best shortly before a five-engagement residency in Hamburg.[33]

1960–1970: The Beatles

 
McCartney in 1964

In 1961, Sutcliffe left the band, and McCartney reluctantly became their bass player.[34] While in Hamburg, they recorded professionally for the first time and were credited as the Beat Brothers, who were the backing band for English singer Tony Sheridan on the single "My Bonnie".[35] This resulted in attention from Brian Epstein, who was a key figure in their subsequent development and success. He became their manager in January 1962.[36] Ringo Starr replaced Best in August, and the band had their first hit, "Love Me Do", in October, becoming popular in the UK in 1963, and in the US a year later. The fan hysteria became known as "Beatlemania", and the press sometimes referred to McCartney as the "cute Beatle".[37][nb 2] McCartney co-wrote (with Lennon) several of their early hits, including "I Saw Her Standing There", "She Loves You", "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (1963) and "Can't Buy Me Love" (1964).[39]

In August 1965, the Beatles released the McCartney composition "Yesterday", featuring a string quartet. Included on the Help! LP, the song was the group's first recorded use of classical music elements and their first recording that involved only a single band member.[40] "Yesterday" became one of the most covered songs in popular music history.[41] Later that year, during recording sessions for the album Rubber Soul, McCartney began to supplant Lennon as the dominant musical force in the band. Musicologist Ian MacDonald wrote, "from [1965] ... [McCartney] would be in the ascendant not only as a songwriter, but also as instrumentalist, arranger, producer, and de facto musical director of the Beatles."[42] Critics described Rubber Soul as a significant advance in the refinement and profundity of the band's music and lyrics.[43] Considered a high point in the Beatles catalogue, both Lennon and McCartney said they had written the music for the song "In My Life".[44] McCartney said of the album, "we'd had our cute period, and now it was time to expand."[45] Recording engineer Norman Smith stated that the Rubber Soul sessions exposed indications of increasing contention within the band: "the clash between John and Paul was becoming obvious ... [and] as far as Paul was concerned, George [Harrison] could do no right—Paul was absolutely finicky."[46]

In 1966, the Beatles released the album Revolver. Featuring sophisticated lyrics, studio experimentation, and an expanded repertoire of musical genres ranging from innovative string arrangements to psychedelic rock, the album marked an artistic leap for the Beatles.[47] The first of three consecutive McCartney A-sides, the single "Paperback Writer" preceded the LP's release.[48] The Beatles produced a short promotional film for the song, and another for its B-side, "Rain". The films, described by Harrison as "the forerunner of videos", aired on The Ed Sullivan Show and Top of the Pops in June 1966.[49] Revolver also included McCartney's "Eleanor Rigby", which featured a string octet. According to Gould, the song is "a neoclassical tour de force ... a true hybrid, conforming to no recognizable style or genre of song".[50] Except for some backing vocals, the song included only McCartney's lead vocal and the strings arranged by producer George Martin.[51][nb 3]

 
McCartney (centre) with the rest of the Beatles in 1964

The band gave their final commercial concert at the end of their 1966 US tour.[53] Later that year, McCartney completed his first musical project independent of the group—a film score for the UK production The Family Way. The score was a collaboration with Martin, who used two McCartney themes to write thirteen variations. The soundtrack failed to chart, but it won McCartney an Ivor Novello Award for Best Instrumental Theme.[54]

Upon the end of the Beatles' performing career, McCartney sensed unease in the band and wanted them to maintain creative productivity. He pressed them to start a new project, which became Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, widely regarded as rock's first concept album.[55] McCartney was inspired to create a new persona for the group, to serve as a vehicle for experimentation and to demonstrate to their fans that they had musically matured. He invented the fictional band of the album's title track.[56] As McCartney explained, "We were fed up with being the Beatles. We really hated that fucking four little mop-top approach. We were not boys we were men ... and [we] thought of ourselves as artists rather than just performers."[57]

Starting in November 1966, the band adopted an experimental attitude during recording sessions for the album.[58] Their recording of "A Day in the Life" required a forty-piece orchestra, which Martin and McCartney took turns conducting.[59] The sessions produced the double A-side single "Strawberry Fields Forever"/"Penny Lane" in February 1967, and the LP followed in June.[38][nb 4] Based on an ink drawing by McCartney, the LP's cover included a collage designed by pop artists Peter Blake and Jann Haworth, featuring the Beatles in costume as the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, standing with a host of celebrities.[61] The cover piqued a frenzy of analysis.[62]

After Brian died ... Paul took over and supposedly led us you know ... we went round in circles ... We broke up then. That was the disintegration. I thought, 'we've fuckin' had it.'[63]

— John Lennon, Rolling Stone magazine, 1970

Epstein's death in August 1967 created a void, which left the Beatles perplexed and concerned about their future.[64] McCartney stepped in to fill that void and gradually became the de facto leader and business manager of the group that Lennon had once led.[65] In his first creative suggestion after this change of leadership, McCartney proposed that the band move forward on their plans to produce a film for television, which was to become Magical Mystery Tour. According to Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn, the project was "an administrative nightmare throughout".[66] McCartney largely directed the film, which brought the group their first unfavourable critical response.[67] However, the film's soundtrack was more successful. It was released in the UK as a six-track double extended play disc (EP) and as an identically titled LP in the US, filled out with five songs from the band's recent singles.[38] The only Capitol compilation later included in the group's official canon of studio albums, the Magical Mystery Tour LP achieved $8 million in sales within three weeks of its release, higher initial sales than any other Capitol LP up to that point.[68]

The Beatles' animated film Yellow Submarine, loosely based on the imaginary world evoked by McCartney's 1966 composition, premiered in July 1968. Though critics admired the film for its visual style, humour and music, the soundtrack album issued six months later received a less enthusiastic response.[69] By late 1968, relations within the band were deteriorating. The tension grew during the recording of their eponymous double album, also known as the "White Album".[70][nb 5] Matters worsened the following year during the Let It Be sessions, when a camera crew filmed McCartney lecturing the group: "We've been very negative since Mr. Epstein passed away ... we were always fighting [his] discipline a bit, but it's silly to fight that discipline if it's our own".[72]

In March 1969, McCartney married his first wife, Linda Eastman, and in August, the couple had their first child, Mary, named after his late mother.[73] Abbey Road was the band's last recorded album, and Martin suggested "a continuously moving piece of music", urging the group to think symphonically.[74] McCartney agreed, but Lennon did not. They eventually compromised, agreeing to McCartney's suggestion: an LP featuring individual songs on side one and a long medley on side two.[74] In October 1969, a rumour surfaced that McCartney had died in a car crash in 1966 and was replaced by a lookalike, but this was quickly refuted when a November Life magazine cover featured him and his family, accompanied by the caption "Paul is still with us".[75]

John Lennon privately left the Beatles in September 1969, though agreed not to go public with the information to not jeopardise ongoing business negotiations. McCartney was in the midst of business disagreements with his bandmates, largely concerning Allen Klein's management of the group, when he announced his own departure from the group on 10 April 1970.[76] He filed a suit for the band's formal dissolution on 31 December 1970, and in March 1971 the court appointed a receiver to oversee the finances of the Beatles' company Apple Corps. An English court legally dissolved the Beatles' partnership on 9 January 1975, though sporadic lawsuits against their record company EMI, Klein, and each other persisted until 1989.[65][nb 6][nb 7]

1970–1981: Wings

I didn't really want to keep going as a solo artist ... so it became obvious that I had to get a band together ... Linda and I talked it through and it was like, "Yeah, but let's not put together a supergroup, let's go back to square one."[81]

— McCartney

As the Beatles were breaking up in 1969–70, McCartney fell into a depression. His wife helped him pull out of that condition by praising his work as a songwriter and convincing him to continue writing and recording. In her honour, he wrote "Maybe I'm Amazed", explaining that with the Beatles breaking up, "that was my feeling: Maybe I'm amazed at what's going on ... Maybe I'm a man and maybe you're the only woman who could ever help me; Baby won't you help me understand ... Maybe I'm amazed at the way you pulled me out of time, hung me on the line, Maybe I'm amazed at the way I really need you." He added that "every love song I write is for Linda."[82][83]

In 1970, McCartney continued his musical career with his first solo release, McCartney, a US number-one album. Apart from some vocal contributions from Linda, McCartney is a one-man album, with McCartney providing compositions, instrumentation and vocals.[84][nb 8] In 1971, he collaborated with Linda and drummer Denny Seiwell on a second album, Ram. A UK number one and a US top five, Ram included the co-written US number-one hit single "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey".[86] Later that year, ex-Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine joined the McCartneys and Seiwell to form the band Wings. McCartney had this to say on the group's formation: "Wings were always a difficult idea ... any group having to follow [the Beatles'] success would have a hard job ... I found myself in that very position. However, it was a choice between going on or finishing, and I loved music too much to think of stopping."[87][nb 9] In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella.[89]

Following the addition of guitarist Henry McCullough, Wings' first concert tour began in 1972 with a debut performance in front of an audience of seven hundred at the University of Nottingham. Ten more gigs followed as they travelled across the UK in a van during an unannounced tour of universities, during which the band stayed in modest accommodation and received pay in coinage collected from students, while avoiding Beatles songs during their performances.[90] McCartney later said, "The main thing I didn't want was to come on stage, faced with the whole torment of five rows of press people with little pads, all looking at me and saying, 'Oh well, he is not as good as he was.' So we decided to go out on that university tour which made me less nervous ... by the end of that tour I felt ready for something else, so we went into Europe."[91] During the seven-week, 25-show Wings Over Europe Tour, the band played almost solely Wings and McCartney solo material: the Little Richard cover "Long Tall Sally" was the only song that the Beatles had previously recorded. McCartney wanted the tour to avoid large venues; most of the small halls they played had capacities of fewer than 3,000 people.[92]

In March 1973, Wings achieved their first US number-one single, "My Love", included on their second LP, Red Rose Speedway, a US number one and UK top five.[93][nb 10] McCartney's collaboration with Linda and former Beatles producer Martin resulted in the song "Live and Let Die", which was the theme song for the James Bond film of the same name. Nominated for an Academy Award, the song reached number two in the US and number nine in the UK. It also earned Martin a Grammy for his orchestral arrangement.[94] Music professor and author Vincent Benitez described the track as "symphonic rock at its best".[95][nb 11]

 
McCartney performing with wife Linda in 1976

After the departure of McCullough and Seiwell in 1973, the McCartneys and Laine recorded Band on the Run. The album was the first of seven platinum Wings LPs.[97] It was a US and UK number one, the band's first to top the charts in both countries and the first ever to reach Billboard magazine's charts on three separate occasions. One of the best-selling releases of the decade, it remained on the UK charts for 124 weeks. Rolling Stone named it one of the Best Albums of the Year for 1973, and in 1975, Paul McCartney and Wings won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance for the song "Band on the Run", and Geoff Emerick won the Grammy for Best Engineered Recording for the album.[98][nb 12] In 1974, Wings achieved a second US number-one single with the title track.[100] The album also included the top-ten hits "Jet" and "Helen Wheels", and earned the 418th spot on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[101] In 1974, McCartney hired guitarist Jimmy McCulloch and drummer Geoff Britton to replace McCullough and Seiwell. Britton subsequently quit during recording sessions in 1975 and was replaced by Joe English.[102]

Wings followed Band on the Run with the chart-topping albums Venus and Mars (1975) and Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976).[103][nb 13] In 1975, they began the fourteen-month Wings Over the World Tour, which included stops in the UK, Australia, Europe and the US. The tour marked the first time McCartney performed Beatles songs live with Wings, with five in the two-hour set list: "I've Just Seen a Face", "Yesterday", "Blackbird", "Lady Madonna" and "The Long and Winding Road".[105] Following the second European leg of the tour and extensive rehearsals in London, the group undertook an ambitious US arena tour that yielded the US number-one live triple LP Wings over America.[106]

In September 1977, the McCartneys had a third child, a son they named James. In November, the Wings song "Mull of Kintyre", co-written with Laine, was quickly becoming one of the best-selling singles in UK chart history.[107] The most successful single of McCartney's solo career, it achieved double the sales of the previous record holder, "She Loves You", and went on to sell 2.5 million copies and hold the UK sales record until the 1984 charity single, "Do They Know It's Christmas?"[108][nb 14]

 
McCartney at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, January 1980

London Town (1978) spawned a US number-one single ("With a Little Luck"), and continued Wings' string of commercial successes, making the top five in both the US and the UK. Critical reception was unfavourable, and McCartney expressed disappointment with the album.[110][nb 15] Back to the Egg (1979) featured McCartney's assemblage of a rock supergroup dubbed "Rockestra" on two tracks. The band included Wings along with Pete Townshend, David Gilmour, Gary Brooker, John Paul Jones, John Bonham and others. Though certified platinum, critics panned the album.[112] Wings completed their final concert tour in 1979, with twenty shows in the UK that included the live debut of the Beatles songs "Got to Get You into My Life", "The Fool on the Hill" and "Let It Be".[113]

In 1980, McCartney released his second solo LP, the self-produced McCartney II, which peaked at number one in the UK and number three in the US. As with his first album, he composed and performed it alone.[114] The album contained the song "Coming Up", the live version of which, recorded in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1979 by Wings, became the group's last number-one hit.[115] By 1981, McCartney felt he had accomplished all he could creatively with Wings and decided he needed a change. The group discontinued in April 1981 after Laine quit following disagreements over royalties and salaries.[116][nb 16][nb 17]

1982–1990

In 1982, McCartney collaborated with Stevie Wonder on the Martin-produced number-one hit "Ebony and Ivory", included on McCartney's Tug of War LP, and with Michael Jackson on "The Girl Is Mine" from Thriller.[120][nb 18] "Ebony and Ivory" was McCartney's record 28th single to hit number one on the Billboard 100.[122] The following year, he and Jackson worked on "Say Say Say", McCartney's most recent US number one as of 2014. McCartney earned his latest UK number one as of 2014 with the title track of his LP release that year, "Pipes of Peace".[123][nb 19]

In 1984, McCartney starred in the musical Give My Regards to Broad Street, a feature film he also wrote and produced which included Starr in an acting role. It was disparaged by critics: Variety described the film as "characterless, bloodless, and pointless";[125] while Roger Ebert awarded it a single star, writing, "you can safely skip the movie and proceed directly to the soundtrack".[126] The album fared much better, reaching number one in the UK and producing the US top-ten hit single "No More Lonely Nights", featuring David Gilmour on lead guitar.[127] In 1985, Warner Brothers commissioned McCartney to write a song for the comedic feature film Spies Like Us. He composed and recorded the track in four days, with Phil Ramone co-producing.[128][nb 20] McCartney participated in Live Aid, performing "Let it Be", but technical difficulties rendered his vocals and piano barely audible for the first two verses, punctuated by squeals of feedback. Equipment technicians resolved the problems and David Bowie, Alison Moyet, Pete Townshend and Bob Geldof joined McCartney on stage, receiving an enthusiastic crowd reaction.[130]

McCartney collaborated with Eric Stewart on Press to Play (1986), with Stewart co-writing more than half the songs on the LP.[131][nb 21] In 1988, McCartney released Снова в СССР, initially available only in the Soviet Union, which contained eighteen covers; recorded over the course of two days.[133] In 1989, he joined forces with fellow Merseysiders Gerry Marsden and Holly Johnson to record an updated version of "Ferry Cross the Mersey", for the Hillsborough disaster appeal fund.[134][nb 22] That same year, he released Flowers in the Dirt; a collaborative effort with Elvis Costello that included musical contributions from Gilmour and Nicky Hopkins.[136][nb 23] McCartney then formed a band consisting of himself and Linda, with Hamish Stuart and Robbie McIntosh on guitars, Paul "Wix" Wickens on keyboards and Chris Whitten on drums.[138] In September 1989, they launched the Paul McCartney World Tour, his first in over a decade. During the tour, McCartney performed for the largest paying stadium audience in history on 21 April 1990, when 184,000 people attended his concert at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[139] That year, he released the triple album Tripping the Live Fantastic, which contained selected performances from the tour.[140][nb 24][nb 25]

1991–1999

McCartney ventured into orchestral music in 1991 when the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society commissioned a musical piece by him to celebrate its sesquicentennial. He collaborated with composer Carl Davis, producing Liverpool Oratorio. The performance featured opera singers Kiri Te Kanawa, Sally Burgess, Jerry Hadley and Willard White with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and the choir of Liverpool Cathedral.[143] Reviews were negative. The Guardian was especially critical, describing the music as "afraid of anything approaching a fast tempo", and adding that the piece has "little awareness of the need for recurrent ideas that will bind the work into a whole".[144] The paper published a letter McCartney submitted in response in which he noted several of the work's faster tempos and added, "happily, history shows that many good pieces of music were not liked by the critics of the time so I am content to ... let people judge for themselves the merits of the work."[144] The New York Times was slightly more generous, stating, "There are moments of beauty and pleasure in this dramatic miscellany ... the music's innocent sincerity makes it difficult to be put off by its ambitions".[145] Performed around the world after its London premiere, the Liverpool Oratorio reached number one on the UK classical chart, Music Week.[146]

In 1991, McCartney performed a selection of acoustic-only songs on MTV Unplugged and released a live album of the performance titled Unplugged (The Official Bootleg).[147][nb 26] During the 1990s, McCartney collaborated twice with Youth of Killing Joke as the musical duo "the Fireman". The two released their first electronica album together, Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest, in 1993.[149] McCartney released the rock album Off the Ground in 1993.[150][nb 27] The subsequent New World Tour followed, which led to the release of the Paul Is Live album later that year.[152][nb 28][nb 29]

Starting in 1994, McCartney took a four-year break from his solo career to work on Apple's Beatles Anthology project with Harrison, Starr and Martin. He recorded a radio series called Oobu Joobu in 1995 for the American network Westwood One, which he described as "widescreen radio".[156] Also in 1995, Prince Charles presented him with an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Music—"kind of amazing for somebody who doesn't read a note of music", commented McCartney.[157]

In 1997, McCartney released the rock album Flaming Pie. Starr appeared on drums and backing vocals in "Beautiful Night".[158][nb 30] Later that year, he released the classical work Standing Stone, which topped the UK and US classical charts.[160] In 1998, he released Rushes, the second electronica album by the Fireman.[161] In 1999, McCartney released Run Devil Run.[162][nb 31] Recorded in one week, and featuring Ian Paice and David Gilmour, it was primarily an album of covers with three McCartney originals. He had been planning such an album for years, having been previously encouraged to do so by Linda, who had died of cancer in April 1998.[163]

McCartney did an unannounced performance at the benefit tribute, "Concert for Linda", his wife of 29 years who died a year earlier. It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 10 April 1999, and was organised by two of her close friends, Chrissie Hynde and Carla Lane. Also during 1999, he continued his experimentation with orchestral music on Working Classical.[164]

2000–2009

In 2000, he released the electronica album Liverpool Sound Collage with Super Furry Animals and Youth, using the sound collage and musique concrète techniques that had fascinated him in the mid-1960s.[165] He contributed the song "Nova" to a tribute album of classical, choral music called A Garland for Linda (2000), dedicated to his late wife.[166]

Having witnessed the September 11 attacks from the JFK airport tarmac, McCartney was inspired to take a leading role in organising the Concert for New York City. His studio album release in November that year, Driving Rain, included the song "Freedom", written in response to the attacks.[167][nb 32] The following year, McCartney went out on tour with a new band that included guitarists Rusty Anderson and Brian Ray, accompanied by Paul "Wix" Wickens on keyboards and Abe Laboriel Jr. on drums.[169] They began the Driving World Tour in April 2002, which included stops in the US, Mexico and Japan. The tour resulted in the double live album Back in the US, released internationally in 2003 as Back in the World.[170][nb 33][nb 34] The tour earned a reported $126.2 million, an average of over $2 million per night, and Billboard named it the top tour of the year.[172] The group continues to play together; McCartney has played live with Ray, Anderson, Laboriel, and Wickens longer than he played live with the Beatles or Wings.[173]

In July 2002, McCartney married Heather Mills. In November, on the first anniversary of George Harrison's death, McCartney performed at the Concert for George.[174] He participated in the National Football League's Super Bowl, performing "Freedom" during the pre-game show for Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002 and headlining the halftime show at Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005.[175] The English College of Arms honoured McCartney in 2002 by granting him a coat of arms. His crest, featuring a Liver bird holding an acoustic guitar in its claw, reflects his background in Liverpool and his musical career. The shield includes four curved emblems which resemble beetles' backs. The arms' motto is Ecce Cor Meum, Latin for "Behold My Heart".[176] In 2003, the McCartneys had a child, Beatrice Milly.[177]

In July 2005, he performed at the Live 8 event in Hyde Park, London, opening the show with "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" (with U2) and closing it with "Drive My Car" (with George Michael), "Helter Skelter", and "The Long and Winding Road".[178][nb 35] In September, he released the rock album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard, for which he provided most of the instrumentation.[180][nb 36][nb 37] In 2006, McCartney released the classical work Ecce Cor Meum.[183][nb 38] The rock album Memory Almost Full followed in 2007.[184][nb 39] In 2008, he released his third Fireman album, Electric Arguments.[186][nb 40] Also in 2008, he performed at a concert in Liverpool to celebrate the city's year as European Capital of Culture. In 2009, after a four-year break, he returned to touring and has since performed over 80 shows.[188] More than forty-five years after the Beatles first appeared on American television during The Ed Sullivan Show, he returned to the same New York theatre to perform on Late Show with David Letterman.[189] On 9 September 2009, EMI reissued the Beatles catalogue following a four-year digital remastering effort, releasing a music video game called The Beatles: Rock Band the same day.[190]

McCartney's enduring fame has made him a popular choice to open new venues. In 2009, he performed three sold-out concerts at the newly built Citi Field, a venue constructed to replace Shea Stadium in Queens, New York. These performances yielded the double live album Good Evening New York City later that year.[191]

2010–present

 
McCartney live in Dublin, 2010

In 2010, McCartney opened the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; it was his first concert in Pittsburgh since 1990 due to the old Civic Arena being deemed unsuitable for McCartney's logistical needs.[192][nb 41] In July 2011, McCartney performed at two sold-out concerts at the new Yankee Stadium. A New York Times review of the first concert reported that McCartney was "not saying goodbye but touring stadiums and playing marathon concerts".[194] McCartney was commissioned by the New York City Ballet, and in September 2011, he released his first score for dance, a collaboration with Peter Martins called Ocean's Kingdom.[195] Also in 2011, McCartney married Nancy Shevell.[196] He released Kisses on the Bottom, a collection of standards, in February 2012, the same month that the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences honoured him as the MusiCares Person of the Year, two days prior to his performance at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards.[197]

McCartney remains one of the world's top draws. He played to over 100,000 people during two performances in Mexico City in May, with the shows grossing nearly $6 million.[198][nb 42] In June 2012, McCartney closed Queen Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee Concert held outside Buckingham Palace, performing a set that included "Let It Be" and "Live and Let Die".[200] He closed the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London on 27 July, singing "The End" and "Hey Jude" and inviting the audience to join in on the coda.[201] Having donated his time, he received £1 from the Olympic organisers.[202]

On 12 December 2012, McCartney performed with three former members of Nirvana (Krist Novoselic, Dave Grohl, and guest member Pat Smear) during the closing act of 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief, seen by approximately two billion people worldwide.[203] On 28 August 2013, McCartney released the title track of his upcoming studio album New, which came out in October 2013.[204] A primetime entertainment special was taped on 27 January 2014 at the Ed Sullivan Theater with a 9 February 2014 CBS airing. The show featured McCartney and Ringo Starr, and celebrated the legacy of the Beatles and their groundbreaking 1964 performance on The Ed Sullivan Show. The show, titled The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to The Beatles, featured 22 classic Beatles songs as performed by various artists, including McCartney and Starr.[205]

In May 2014, McCartney cancelled a sold-out tour of Japan and postponed a US tour to October due to begin that month after he contracted a virus.[206] He resumed the tour with a high-energy three-hour appearance in Albany, New York on 5 July 2014.[207] On 14 August 2014, McCartney performed in the final concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, California before its demolition; this was the same venue at which the Beatles played their final concert in 1966.[208] In 2014, McCartney wrote and performed "Hope for the Future", the ending song for the video game Destiny.[209][210] In November 2014, a 42-song tribute album titled The Art of McCartney was released, which features a wide range of artists covering McCartney's solo and Beatles work.[211] Also that year, McCartney collaborated with American rapper Kanye West on the single "Only One", released on 31 December.[212] In January 2015, McCartney collaborated with West and Barbadian singer Rihanna on the single "FourFiveSeconds".[213] They released a music video for the song in January[214] and performed it live at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards on 8 February 2015.[215] McCartney featured on West's 2015 single "All Day", which also features Theophilus London and Allan Kingdom.[216]

 
McCartney live in São Paulo, Brazil, 2019

In February 2015, McCartney performed with Paul Simon for the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special. McCartney and Simon performed the first verse of "I've Just Seen a Face" on acoustic guitars, and McCartney later performed "Maybe I'm Amazed".[217] McCartney shared lead vocals on the Alice Cooper-led Hollywood Vampires supergroup's cover of his song "Come and Get It", which appears on their debut album, released on 11 September 2015.[218] On 10 June 2016, McCartney released the career-spanning collection Pure McCartney.[219] The set includes songs from throughout McCartney's solo career and his work with Wings and the Fireman, and is available in three different formats (2-CD, 4-CD, 4-LP and Digital). The 4-CD version includes 67 tracks, most of which were top-40 hits.[220][221] McCartney appeared in the 2017 adventure film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, in a cameo role as Uncle Jack.[222]

In January 2017, McCartney filed a suit in United States district court against Sony/ATV Music Publishing seeking to reclaim ownership of his share of the Lennon–McCartney song catalogue beginning in 2018. Under US copyright law, for works published before 1978 the author can reclaim copyrights assigned to a publisher after 56 years.[223][224] McCartney and Sony agreed to a confidential settlement in June 2017.[225][226] On 20 June 2018, McCartney released "I Don't Know" and "Come On to Me" from his album Egypt Station, which was released on 7 September through Capitol Records.[227] Egypt Station became McCartney's first album in 36 years to top the Billboard 200, and his first to debut at number one.[228] On 26 July 2018 McCartney played at The Cavern Club, with his regular band of Anderson, Ray, Wickens and Abe Laboriel Jr. The gig was filmed and later broadcast by BBC, on Christmas Day 2020, as Paul McCartney at the Cavern Club.[229][230]

McCartney's 18th solo album, McCartney III, was released on 18 December 2020, via Capitol Records.[231][232] An album of "reinterpretations, remixes, and covers" titled McCartney III Imagined was released on 16 April 2021.[233]

McCartney's book The Lyrics: 1956 to the Present was released in November 2021. Described as a "self-portrait in 154 songs", the book is based on conversations McCartney had with the Irish poet Paul Muldoon.[234] The Lyrics was named Book of the Year by both Barnes & Noble and Waterstones.[235][236]

McCartney's "Got Back" tour ran from 28 April 2022 to 16 June 2022 in the United States, his first in the country since 2019.[237] The tour concluded on 25 June 2022 when McCartney headlined Glastonbury Festival, a week after his 80th birthday. Performing on the Pyramid Stage, he became the oldest solo headliner at the festival.[238][239] Special guests were Dave Grohl and Bruce Springsteen.[240][241] In 2022, he received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series at the 74th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, as a producer for the documentary The Beatles: Get Back.[242]

Musicianship

McCartney is a largely self-taught musician, and his approach was described by musicologist Ian MacDonald as "by nature drawn to music's formal aspects yet wholly untutored ... [he] produced technically 'finished' work almost entirely by instinct, his harmonic judgement based mainly on perfect pitch and an acute pair of ears ... [A] natural melodist—a creator of tunes capable of existing apart from their harmony."[243] McCartney likened his approach to "the primitive cave artists, who drew without training".[244]

Early influences

The Messiah has arrived![245]

— McCartney on Presley, The Beatles Anthology, 2000

McCartney's earliest musical influences include Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Buddy Holly, Carl Perkins, and Chuck Berry.[246] When asked why the Beatles did not include Presley on the Sgt. Pepper cover, McCartney replied, "Elvis was too important and too far above the rest even to mention ... so we didn't put him on the list because he was more than merely a ... pop singer, he was Elvis the King."[247] McCartney stated that for his bassline for "I Saw Her Standing There", he directly quoted Berry's "I'm Talking About You".[248]

McCartney called Little Richard an idol, whose falsetto vocalisations inspired McCartney's own vocal technique.[249] McCartney said he wrote "I'm Down" as a vehicle for his Little Richard impersonation.[250] In 1971, McCartney bought the publishing rights to Holly's catalogue, and in 1976, on the fortieth anniversary of Holly's birth, McCartney inaugurated the annual "Buddy Holly Week" in England. The festival has included guest performances by famous musicians, songwriting competitions, drawing contests and special events featuring performances by the Crickets.[251]

Bass guitar

 
McCartney using a Höfner 500/1 bass in 2016

Best known for primarily using a plectrum or pick, McCartney occasionally plays fingerstyle.[252] He was strongly influenced by Motown artists, in particular James Jamerson, whom McCartney called a hero for his melodic style. He was also influenced by Brian Wilson, as he commented: "because he went to very unusual places".[253] Another favourite bassist of his is Stanley Clarke.[254] McCartney's skill as a bass player has been acknowledged by bassists including Sting, Dr. Dre bassist Mike Elizondo, and Colin Moulding of XTC.[255]

Paul is one of the most innovative bass players ... half the stuff that's going on now is directly ripped off from his Beatles period ... He's an egomaniac about everything else, but his bass playing he'd always been a bit coy about.[256]

— Lennon, Playboy magazine published in January 1981

During McCartney's early years with the Beatles, he primarily used a Höfner 500/1 bass, although from 1965, he favoured his Rickenbacker 4001S for recording. While typically using Vox amplifiers, by 1967, he had also begun using a Fender Bassman for amplification.[257] During the late 1980s and early 1990s, he used a Wal 5-String, which he said made him play more thick-sounding basslines, in contrast to the much lighter Höfner, which inspired him to play more sensitively, something he considers fundamental to his playing style.[258] He changed back to the Höfner around 1990 for that reason.[258] He uses Mesa Boogie bass amplifiers while performing live.[259]

MacDonald identified "She's a Woman" as the turning point when McCartney's bass playing began to evolve dramatically, and Beatles biographer Chris Ingham singled out Rubber Soul as the moment when McCartney's playing exhibited significant progress, particularly on "The Word".[260] Bacon and Morgan agreed, calling McCartney's groove on the track "a high point in pop bass playing and ... the first proof on a recording of his serious technical ability on the instrument."[261] MacDonald inferred the influence of James Brown's "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and Wilson Pickett's "In the Midnight Hour", American soul tracks from which McCartney absorbed elements and drew inspiration as he "delivered his most spontaneous bass-part to date".[262]

Bacon and Morgan described his bassline for the Beatles song "Rain" as "an astonishing piece of playing ... [McCartney] thinking in terms of both rhythm and 'lead bass' ... [choosing] the area of the neck ... he correctly perceives will give him clarity for melody without rendering his sound too thin for groove."[263] MacDonald identified the influence of Indian classical music in "exotic melismas in the bass part" on "Rain" and described the playing as "so inventive that it threatens to overwhelm the track".[264] By contrast, he recognised McCartney's bass part on the Harrison-composed "Something" as creative but overly busy and "too fussily extemporised".[265] McCartney identified Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band as containing his strongest and most inventive bass playing, particularly on "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds".[266]

Acoustic guitar

If I couldn't have any other instrument, I would have to have an acoustic guitar.[267]

— McCartney, Guitar Player, July 1990

McCartney primarily flatpicks while playing acoustic guitar, though he also uses elements of fingerpicking.[267] Examples of his acoustic guitar playing on Beatles tracks include "Yesterday", "Michelle", "Blackbird", "I Will", "Mother Nature's Son" and "Rocky Raccoon".[268] McCartney singled out "Blackbird" as a personal favourite and described his technique for the guitar part in the following way: "I got my own little sort of cheating way of [fingerpicking] ... I'm actually sort of pulling two strings at a time ... I was trying to emulate those folk players."[267] He employed a similar technique for "Jenny Wren".[269] He played an Epiphone Texan on many of his acoustic recordings, but also used a Martin D-28.[270]

Electric guitar

Linda was a big fan of my guitar playing, whereas I've got my doubts. I think there are proper guitar players and then there are guys like me who love playing it.[271]

— McCartney, Guitar Player, July 1990

 
McCartney playing a Gibson Les Paul in concert, 2009

McCartney played lead guitar on several Beatles recordings, including what MacDonald described as a "fiercely angular slide guitar solo" on "Drive My Car", which McCartney played on an Epiphone Casino. McCartney said of the instrument: "if I had to pick one electric guitar it would be this."[272] McCartney bought the Casino in 1964, on the knowledge that the guitar's hollow body would produce more feedback. He has retained that original guitar to the present day.[273] He contributed what MacDonald described as "a startling guitar solo" on the Harrison composition "Taxman" and the "shrieking" guitar on "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" and "Helter Skelter". MacDonald also praised McCartney's "coruscating pseudo-Indian" guitar solo on "Good Morning Good Morning".[274] McCartney also played lead guitar on "Another Girl".[275]

During his years with Wings, McCartney tended to leave electric guitar work to other group members,[276] though he played most of the lead guitar on Band on the Run.[277] In 1990, when asked who his favourite guitar players were he included Eddie Van Halen, Eric Clapton and David Gilmour, stating, "but I still like Hendrix the best".[267] He has primarily used a Gibson Les Paul for electric work, particularly during live performances.[259]

In addition to these guitars, McCartney is known to use and own a range of other electric guitars, usually favouring the Fender Esquire and its subsequent incarnation, the Fender Telecaster, using the latter with a sunburst finish on Wings' tours in the 1970s. He also owns a rare Ampeg Dan Armstrong Plexi guitar, the only left handed one known to be in existence, which appeared in the Wings video for "Helen Wheels".[278]

Vocals

McCartney is known for his belting power, versatility and wide tenor vocal range, spanning over four octaves.[279][280] He was ranked the 11th greatest singer of all time by Rolling Stone,[281] voted the 8th greatest singer ever by NME readers[282] and number 10 by Music Radar readers in the list of "the 30 greatest lead singers of all time".[283] Over the years, McCartney has been named a significant vocal influence by Chris Cornell,[284] Billy Joel,[285] Steven Tyler,[286] Brad Delp,[287] and Axl Rose.[288]

McCartney's vocals have crossed several music genres throughout his career. On "Call Me Back Again", according to Benitez, "McCartney shines as a bluesy solo vocalist", while MacDonald called "I'm Down" "a rock-and-roll classic" that "illustrates McCartney's vocal and stylistic versatility".[289] MacDonald described "Helter Skelter" as an early attempt at heavy metal, and "Hey Jude" as a "pop/rock hybrid", pointing out McCartney's "use of gospel-style melismas" in the song and his "pseudo-soul shrieking in the fade-out".[290] Benitez identified "Hope of Deliverance" and "Put It There" as examples of McCartney's folk music efforts while musicologist Walter Everett considered "When I'm Sixty-Four" and "Honey Pie" attempts at vaudeville.[291] MacDonald praised the "swinging beat" of the Beatles' twenty-four bar blues song, "She's a Woman" as "the most extreme sound they had manufactured to date", with McCartney's voice "at the edge, squeezed to the upper limit of his chest register and threatening to crack at any moment."[292] MacDonald described "I've Got a Feeling" as a "raunchy, mid-tempo rocker" with a "robust and soulful" vocal performance and "Back in the U.S.S.R." as "the last of [the Beatles'] up-tempo rockers", McCartney's "belting" vocals among his best since "Drive My Car", recorded three years earlier.[293]

McCartney also teasingly tried out classical singing, namely singing various renditions of "Besame Mucho" with the Beatles. He continued experimenting with various musical and vocal styles throughout his post-Beatles career.[294][295][296][text–source integrity?] "Monkberry Moon Delight" was described by Pitchfork's Jayson Greene as "an absolutely unhinged vocal take, Paul gulping and sobbing right next to your inner ear", adding that "it could be a latter-day Tom Waits performance".[297]

Keyboards

 
Paul McCartney performing in the East Room of the White House, 2010

McCartney played piano on several Beatles songs, including "She's a Woman", "For No One", "A Day in the Life", "Hello, Goodbye", "Lady Madonna", "Hey Jude", "Martha My Dear", "Let It Be" and "The Long and Winding Road".[298] MacDonald considered the piano part in "Lady Madonna" as reminiscent of Fats Domino, and "Let It Be" as having a gospel rhythm.[299] MacDonald called McCartney's Mellotron intro on "Strawberry Fields Forever" an integral feature of the song's character.[300] McCartney played a Moog synthesiser on the Beatles song "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" and the Wings track "Loup (1st Indian on the Moon)".[301] Ingham described the Wings songs "With a Little Luck" and "London Town" as being "full of the most sensitive pop synthesizer touches".[302]

Drums

McCartney played drums on the Beatles' songs "Back in the U.S.S.R.", "Dear Prudence", "Martha My Dear", "Wild Honey Pie" and "The Ballad of John and Yoko".[303] He also played all the drum parts on his albums McCartney, McCartney II and McCartney III, as well as on Wings' Band on the Run, and most of the drums on his solo LP Chaos and Creation in the Backyard.[304] His other drumming contributions include Paul Jones' rendition of "And the Sun Will Shine" (1968),[305] Steve Miller Band's 1969 tracks "Celebration Song" and "My Dark Hour",[306][307] and "Sunday Rain" from the Foo Fighters' 2017 album Concrete and Gold.[308]

Tape loops

In the mid-1960s, when visiting artist friend John Dunbar's flat in London, McCartney brought tapes he had compiled at then-girlfriend Jane Asher's home. They included mixes of various songs, musical pieces and comments made by McCartney that Dick James made into a demo for him.[309] Heavily influenced by American avant-garde musician John Cage, McCartney made tape loops by recording voices, guitars and bongos on a Brenell tape recorder and splicing the various loops. He referred to the finished product as "electronic symphonies".[310] He reversed the tapes, sped them up, and slowed them down to create the desired effects, some of which the Beatles later used on the songs "Tomorrow Never Knows" and "The Fool on the Hill".[311]

Personal life

Creative outlets

While at school during the 1950s, McCartney thrived at art assignments, often earning top accolades for his visual work. However, his lack of discipline negatively affected his academic grades, preventing him from earning admission to art college.[312] During the 1960s, he delved into the visual arts, explored experimental cinema, and regularly attended film, theatrical and classical music performances. His first contact with the London avant-garde scene was through artist John Dunbar, who introduced McCartney to art dealer Robert Fraser.[313] At Fraser's flat he first learned about art appreciation and met Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg, Peter Blake, and Richard Hamilton.[314] McCartney later purchased works by Magritte, whose painting of an apple had inspired the Apple Records logo.[315] McCartney became involved in the renovation and publicising of the Indica Gallery in Mason's Yard, London, which Barry Miles had co-founded and where Lennon first met Yoko Ono. Miles also co-founded International Times, an underground paper that McCartney helped to start with direct financial support and by providing interviews to attract advertiser income. Miles later wrote McCartney's official biography, Many Years from Now (1997).[316]

McCartney became interested in painting after watching artist Willem de Kooning work in de Kooning's Long Island studio.[317] McCartney took up painting in 1983, and he first exhibited his work in Siegen, Germany, in 1999. The 70-painting show featured portraits of Lennon, Andy Warhol, and David Bowie.[318] Though initially reluctant to display his paintings publicly, McCartney chose the gallery because events organiser Wolfgang Suttner showed genuine interest in McCartney's art.[319] In September 2000, the first UK exhibition of McCartney's paintings opened, featuring 500 canvases at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol, England.[320] In October 2000, McCartney's art debuted in his hometown of Liverpool. McCartney said, "I've been offered an exhibition of my paintings at the Walker Art Gallery ... where John and I used to spend many a pleasant afternoon. So I'm really excited about it. I didn't tell anybody I painted for 15 years but now I'm out of the closet".[321] McCartney is lead patron of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, a school in the building formerly occupied by the Liverpool Institute for Boys.[322]

When McCartney was a child, his mother read him poems and encouraged him to read books. His father invited Paul and his brother Michael to solve crosswords with him, to increase their "word power", as McCartney said.[323] In 2001, McCartney published Blackbird Singing, a volume of poems and lyrics to his songs for which he gave readings in Liverpool and New York City.[324] In the foreword of the book, he explains: "When I was a teenager ... I had an overwhelming desire to have a poem published in the school magazine. I wrote something deep and meaningful—which was promptly rejected—and I suppose I have been trying to get my own back ever since".[325] His first children's book was published by Faber & Faber in 2005, High in the Clouds: An Urban Furry Tail, a collaboration with writer Philip Ardagh and animator Geoff Dunbar. Featuring a squirrel whose woodland home is razed by developers, it had been scripted and sketched by McCartney and Dunbar over several years, as an animated film. The Observer labelled it an "anti-capitalist children's book".[326] In 2018, he wrote the children's book Hey Grandude! together with illustrator Kathryn Durst, which was published by Random House Books in September 2019. The book is about a grandpa and his three grandchildren with a magic compass on an adventure.[327] A follow-up, titled Grandude's Green Submarine, was released in September 2021.[328]

I think there's an urge in us to stop the terrible fleetingness of time. Music. Paintings ... Try and capture one bloody moment please.[329]

— McCartney

In 1981, McCartney asked Geoff Dunbar to direct a short animated film called Rupert and the Frog Song; McCartney was the writer and producer, and he also added some of the character voices.[330] His song "We All Stand Together" from the film's soundtrack reached No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart. In 1992, he worked with Dunbar on an animated film about the work of French artist Honoré Daumier, which won them a BAFTA award.[331] In 2004, they worked together on the animated short film Tropic Island Hum.[332] The accompanying single, "Tropic Island Hum"/"We All Stand Together", reached number 21 in the UK.[333]

McCartney also produced and hosted The Real Buddy Holly Story, a 1985 documentary featuring interviews with Keith Richards, Phil and Don Everly, the Holly family, and others.[334] In 1995, he made a guest appearance on the Simpsons episode "Lisa the Vegetarian" and directed a short documentary about the Grateful Dead.[335]

Business

Since the Rich List began in 1989, McCartney has been the UK's wealthiest musician, with an estimated fortune of £730 million in 2015.[336] In addition to an interest in Apple Corps and MPL Communications, an umbrella company for his business interests, he owns a significant music publishing catalogue, with access to over 25,000 copyrights, including the publishing rights to the musicals Guys and Dolls, A Chorus Line, Annie and Grease.[337] He earned £40 million in 2003, the highest income that year within media professions in the UK.[338] This rose to £48.5 million by 2005.[339] McCartney's 18-date On the Run Tour grossed £37 million in 2012.[340]

McCartney signed his first recording contract, as a member of the Beatles, with Parlophone Records, an EMI subsidiary, in June 1962. In the United States, the Beatles recordings were distributed by EMI subsidiary Capitol Records. The Beatles re-signed with EMI for another nine years in 1967. After forming their own record label, Apple Records, in 1968, the Beatles' recordings would be released through Apple although the masters were still owned by EMI.[38] Following the break-up of the Beatles, McCartney's music continued to be released by Apple Records under the Beatles' 1967 recording contract with EMI which ran until 1976. Following the formal dissolution of the Beatles' partnership in 1975, McCartney re-signed with EMI worldwide and Capitol in the US, Canada and Japan, acquiring ownership of his solo catalogue from EMI as part of the deal. In 1979, McCartney signed with Columbia Records in the US and Canada—reportedly receiving the industry's most lucrative recording contract to date, while remaining with EMI for distribution throughout the rest of the world.[341] As part of the deal, CBS offered McCartney ownership of Frank Music, publisher of the catalogue of American songwriter Frank Loesser. McCartney's album sales were below CBS' expectations and reportedly the company lost at least $9 million on the contract.[342] McCartney returned to Capitol in the US in 1985, remaining with EMI until 2006.[343] In 2007, McCartney signed with Hear Music, becoming the label's first artist.[344] He returned to Capitol for 2018's Egypt Station.

In 1963, Dick James established Northern Songs to publish the songs of Lennon–McCartney.[345] McCartney initially owned 20% of Northern Songs, which became 15% after a public stock offering in 1965. In 1969, James sold a controlling interest in Northern Songs to Lew Grade's Associated Television (ATV) after which McCartney and John Lennon sold their remaining shares although they remained under contract to ATV until 1973. In 1972, McCartney re-signed with ATV for seven years in a joint publishing agreement between ATV and McCartney Music. Since 1979, MPL Communications has published McCartney's songs.

McCartney and Yoko Ono attempted to purchase the Northern Songs catalogue in 1981, but Grade declined their offer. Soon afterward, ATV Music's parent company, Associated Communications Corp., was acquired in a takeover by businessman Robert Holmes à Court, who later sold ATV Music to Michael Jackson in 1985. McCartney has criticised Jackson's purchase and handling of Northern Songs over the years. In 1995, Jackson merged his catalogue with Sony for a reported £59,052,000 ($95 million), establishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing, in which he retained half-ownership.[346] Northern Songs was formally dissolved in 1995, and absorbed into the Sony/ATV catalogue.[347] McCartney receives writers' royalties which together are 33+13 percent of total commercial proceeds in the US, and which vary elsewhere between 50 and 55 percent.[348] Two of the Beatles' earliest songs—"Love Me Do" and "P.S. I Love You"—were published by an EMI subsidiary, Ardmore & Beechwood, before signing with James. McCartney acquired their publishing rights from Ardmore in 1978, and they are the only two Beatles songs owned by MPL Communications.[349]

Drugs

McCartney first used drugs in the Beatles' Hamburg days when they often used Preludin to maintain their energy while performing for long periods.[350] Bob Dylan introduced them to marijuana in a New York hotel room in 1964; McCartney recalls getting "very high" and "giggling uncontrollably".[351] His use of the drug soon became habitual, and according to Miles, McCartney wrote the lyrics "another kind of mind" in "Got to Get You into My Life" specifically as a reference to cannabis.[352] During the filming of Help!, McCartney occasionally smoked a joint in the car on the way to the studio during filming, and often forgot his lines.[353] Director Richard Lester overheard two physically attractive women trying to persuade McCartney to use heroin, but he refused.[353] Introduced to cocaine by Robert Fraser, McCartney used the drug regularly during the recording of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, and for about a year in total but stopped because of his dislike of the unpleasant melancholy he felt afterwards.[354]

Initially reluctant to try LSD, McCartney eventually did so in late 1966, and took his second "acid trip" in March 1967 with Lennon after a Sgt. Pepper studio session.[355] He later became the first Beatle to discuss the drug publicly, declaring: "It opened my eyes ... [and] made me a better, more honest, more tolerant member of society."[356]

McCartney made his attitude about cannabis public in 1967, when he, along with the other Beatles and Epstein, added his name to a July advertisement in The Times, which called for its legalisation, the release of those imprisoned for possession, and research into marijuana's medical uses.[357]

In 1972, a Swedish court fined McCartney £1,000 for cannabis possession. Soon after, Scottish police found marijuana plants growing on his farm, leading to his 1973 conviction for illegal cultivation and a £100 fine.

As a result of his drug convictions, the US government repeatedly denied him a visa until December 1973.[358] Arrested again for marijuana possession in 1975 in Los Angeles, Linda took the blame, and the court soon dismissed the charges.

In January 1980, when Wings flew to Tokyo for a tour of Japan, customs officials found approximately 8 ounces (230 g) of cannabis in his luggage. Years later, McCartney said, "I don't know what possessed me to just stick this bloody great bag of grass in my suitcase. Thinking back on it, it almost makes me shudder."[359] They arrested McCartney and brought him to a local jail while the Japanese government decided what to do. After ten days, they released and deported him without charge.[360]

In 1984, while McCartney was on holiday in Barbados, authorities arrested him for possession of marijuana and fined him $200.[361] Upon his return to England, he stated that cannabis was less harmful than the legal substances alcohol, tobacco and glue, and that he had done no harm to anyone.[362]

In 1997, he spoke out in support of decriminalisation of cannabis: "People are smoking pot anyway and to make them criminals is wrong."[313] McCartney quit cannabis in 2015, citing a desire to set a good example for his grandchildren.[363]

Vegetarianism and activism

 
Vladimir Putin, McCartney and his wife Heather Mills in Moscow, Russia, 2003

Since 1975, McCartney has been a vegetarian.[364][365] He and his wife Linda were vegetarians for most of their 29-year marriage. They decided to stop consuming meat after Paul saw lambs in a field as they were eating a meal of lamb. Soon after, the couple became outspoken animal rights activists.[366] In his first interview after Linda's death, he promised to continue working for animal rights, and in 1999, he spent £3,000,000 to ensure Linda McCartney Foods remained free of genetically engineered ingredients.[367] In 1995, he narrated the documentary Devour the Earth, written by Tony Wardle.[368] McCartney is a supporter of the animal-rights organisation People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. He has appeared in the group's campaigns, and in 2009, McCartney narrated a video for them titled "Glass Walls", which was harshly critical of slaughterhouses, the meat industry, and their effect on animal welfare.[369][370][371] McCartney has also supported campaigns headed by the Humane Society of the United States, Humane Society International, World Animal Protection, and the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation.[372][373]

Following McCartney's marriage to Mills, he joined her in a campaign against land mines, becoming a patron of Adopt-A-Minefield.[374] In a 2003 meeting at the Kremlin with Vladimir Putin, ahead of a concert in Red Square, McCartney and Mills urged Russia to join the anti-landmine campaign.[375] In 2006, the McCartneys travelled to Prince Edward Island to raise international awareness of seal hunting. The couple debated with Danny Williams, Newfoundland's then Premier, on Larry King Live, stating that fishermen should stop hunting seals and start seal-watching businesses instead.[376] McCartney also supports the Make Poverty History campaign.[377]

McCartney has participated in several charity recordings and performances, including the Concerts for the People of Kampuchea, Ferry Aid, Band Aid, Live Aid, Live 8, and the recording of "Ferry Cross the Mersey".[378] In 2004, he donated a song to an album to aid the "US Campaign for Burma", in support of Burmese Nobel Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi. In 2008, he donated a song to Aid Still Required's CD, organised as an effort to raise funds to assist with the recovery from the devastation caused in Southeast Asia by the 2004 tsunami.[379]

In 2009, McCartney wrote to Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, asking him why he was not a vegetarian. As McCartney explained, "He wrote back very kindly, saying, 'my doctors tell me that I must eat meat'. And I wrote back again, saying, you know, I don't think that's right ... I think he's now being told ... that he can get his protein somewhere else ... It just doesn't seem right—the Dalai Lama, on the one hand, saying, 'Hey guys, don't harm sentient beings ... Oh, and by the way, I'm having a steak.'"[380]

In 2012, McCartney joined the anti-fracking campaign Artists Against Fracking.[381]

Save the Arctic is a campaign to protect the Arctic and an international outcry and a renewed focus concern on oil development in the Arctic, attracting the support of more than five million people. This includes McCartney, Archbishop Desmond Tutu and 11 Nobel Peace Prize winners.[382][383]

In 2015, following British prime minister David Cameron's decision to give Members of Parliament a free vote on amending the law against fox hunting, McCartney was quoted: "The people of Britain are behind this Tory government on many things but the vast majority of us will be against them if hunting is reintroduced. It is cruel and unnecessary and will lose them support from ordinary people and animal lovers like myself."[384]

After the 2016 Orlando shooting, McCartney expressed his solidarity for the victims during a concert in Berlin.[385]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, McCartney called for Chinese wet markets (which sell live animals, including wild ones) to be banned. He expressed concern over both the health impacts of the practice as well as its cruelty to animals.[386]

McCartney is one of the 100 contributors to the book Dear NHS: 100 Stories to Say Thank You, of which all proceeds go to NHS Charities Together and The Lullaby Trust.[387]

Football

McCartney has publicly professed support for Everton F.C. and has also shown favour for Liverpool F.C.[388] In 2008, he ended speculation about his allegiance when he said: "Here's the deal: my father was born in Everton, my family are officially Evertonians, so if it comes down to a derby match or an FA Cup final between the two, I would have to support Everton. But after a concert at Wembley Arena I got a bit of a friendship with Kenny Dalglish, who had been to the gig and I thought 'You know what? I am just going to support them both because it's all Liverpool.'"[389]

Relationships

Girlfriends

Dot Rhone

McCartney's first serious girlfriend in Liverpool was Dorothy "Dot" Rhone, whom he met at the Casbah club in 1959.[390] According to Spitz, Rhone felt that McCartney had a compulsion to control situations. He often chose clothes and makeup for her, encouraging her to grow her blonde hair to simulate Brigitte Bardot's hairstyle,[391] and at least once insisting she have her hair restyled, to disappointing effect.[392] When McCartney first went to Hamburg with the Beatles, he wrote to Rhone regularly, and she accompanied Cynthia Lennon to Hamburg when they played there again in 1962.[393] The couple had a two-and-a-half-year relationship, and were due to marry until Rhone's miscarriage. According to Spitz, McCartney, now "free of obligation", ended the engagement.[394]

Jane Asher

McCartney first met British actress Jane Asher on 18 April 1963 when a photographer asked them to pose at a Beatles performance at the Royal Albert Hall in London.[395] The two began a relationship, and in November of that year he took up residence with Asher at her parents' home at 57 Wimpole Street in Marylebone, central London.[396] They had lived there for more than two years before the couple moved to McCartney's own home in St John's Wood in March 1966.[397] He wrote several songs while living with the Ashers, including "Yesterday", "And I Love Her", "You Won't See Me" and "I'm Looking Through You", the latter three having been inspired by their romance.[398] They had a five-year relationship and planned to marry, but Asher broke off the engagement after she discovered he had become involved with Francie Schwartz,[399] an American screenwriter who moved to London at age 23 thinking she could sell a script to the Beatles. She met McCartney and he invited her to move into his London house, where events ensued that possibly broke up his relationship with Asher.[400]

Wives

Linda Eastman
 
McCartney (right) with wife Linda in 1976

Linda Eastman was a music fan who once commented, "all my teen years were spent with an ear to the radio."[401] At times, she skipped school to see artists such as Fabian, Bobby Darin and Chuck Berry.[401] She became a popular photographer with several rock groups, including the Jimi Hendrix Experience, the Grateful Dead, the Doors and the Beatles, whom she first met at Shea Stadium in 1966. She commented, "It was John who interested me at the start. He was my Beatle hero. But when I met him the fascination faded fast, and I found it was Paul I liked."[402] The pair first became properly acquainted on 15 May 1967 at a Georgie Fame concert at The Bag O'Nails club, during her UK assignment to photograph rock musicians in London.[403] As Paul remembers, "The night Linda and I met, I spotted her across a crowded club, and although I would normally have been nervous chatting her up, I realised I had to ... Pushiness worked for me that night!"[404]

Linda said this about their meeting: "I was quite shameless really. I was with somebody else [that night] ... and I saw Paul at the other side of the room. He looked so beautiful that I made up my mind I would have to pick him up."[402] The pair married in March 1969. About their relationship, Paul said, "We had a lot of fun together ... just the nature of how we aren't, our favourite thing really is to just hang, to have fun. And Linda's very big on just following the moment."[405] He added, "We were crazy. We had a big argument the night before we got married, and it was nearly called off ... [it's] miraculous that we made it. But we did."[406]

After the break-up of the Beatles, the two collaborated musically and formed Wings in 1971.[407] They faced derision from some fans and critics, who questioned her inclusion. She was nervous about performing with Paul, who explained, "she conquered those nerves, got on with it and was really gutsy."[408] Paul defended her musical ability: "I taught Linda the basics of the keyboard ... She took a couple of lessons and learned some bluesy things ... she did very well and made it look easier than it was ... The critics would say, 'She's not really playing' or 'Look at her—she's playing with one finger.' But what they didn't know is that sometimes she was playing a thing called a Minimoog, which could only be played with one finger. It was monophonic."[408] He went on to say, "We thought we were in it for the fun ... it was just something we wanted to do, so if we got it wrong—big deal. We didn't have to justify ourselves."[408] Former Wings guitarist McCullough said of collaborating with Linda, "trying to get things together with a learner in the group didn't work as far as I was concerned."[409]

They had four children—Linda's daughter Heather (legally adopted by Paul), Mary, Stella and James—and remained married until Linda's death from breast cancer at age 56 in 1998.[410] After Linda died, Paul said, "I got a counsellor because I knew that I would need some help. He was great, particularly in helping me get rid of my guilt [about wishing I'd been] perfect all the time ... a real bugger. But then I thought, hang on a minute. We're just human. That was the beautiful thing about our marriage. We were just a boyfriend and girlfriend having babies."[411]

Heather Mills

In 2002, McCartney married Heather Mills, a former model and anti-landmine campaigner.[412] In 2003, the couple had a child, Beatrice Milly, named in honour of Mills's late mother and one of McCartney's aunts.[177] They separated in April 2006 and divorced acrimoniously in March 2008.[413] In 2004, he commented on media animosity toward his partners: "[the British public] didn't like me giving up on Jane Asher ... I married [Linda], a New York divorcee with a child, and at the time they didn't like that".[414]

Nancy Shevell

McCartney married New Yorker Nancy Shevell in a civil ceremony at Marylebone Town Hall, London, on 9 October 2011. The wedding was a modest event attended by a group of about 30 relatives and friends.[196] The couple had been together since November 2007.[415] Shevell is vice president of a family-owned transportation conglomerate which owns New England Motor Freight.[416] She is a former member of the board of the New York area's Metropolitan Transportation Authority.[417] Shevell is about 18 years younger than McCartney.[418] They had known each other for about 20 years prior to marrying, having met because both had homes in the Hamptons.[418]

Beatles

John Lennon
 
McCartney (right) with John Lennon in 1964

Though McCartney had a strained relationship with Lennon, they briefly became close again in early 1974, and played music together on one occasion.[419] In later years, the two grew apart.[420] McCartney often phoned Lennon, but was apprehensive about the reception he would receive. During one call, Lennon told him, "You're all pizza and fairytales!"[421] In an effort to avoid talking only about business, they often spoke of cats, babies, or baking bread.[422]

On 24 April 1976, McCartney and Lennon were watching an episode of Saturday Night Live at Lennon's home in the Dakota when Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer for the Beatles to reunite. While they seriously considered going to the SNL studio a few blocks away, they decided it was too late. This was their last time together.[423] VH1 fictionalised this event in the 2000 television film Two of Us.[424] McCartney's last telephone call to Lennon, days before Lennon and Ono released Double Fantasy, was friendly: "[It is] a consoling factor for me, because I do feel it was sad that we never actually sat down and straightened our differences out. But fortunately for me, the last phone conversation I ever had with him was really great, and we didn't have any kind of blow-up", he said.[425]

Reaction to Lennon's murder

John is kinda like a constant ... always there in my being ... in my soul, so I always think of him".[426]

— McCartney, Guitar World, January 2000

On 9 December 1980, McCartney followed the news that Lennon had been murdered the previous night; Lennon's death created a media frenzy around the surviving members of the band.[427] McCartney was leaving an Oxford Street recording studio that evening when he was surrounded by reporters who asked him for his reaction; he responded: "It's a drag". The press quickly criticised him for what appeared to be a superficial response.[428] He later explained, "When John was killed somebody stuck a microphone at me and said: 'What do you think about it?' I said, 'It's a dra-a-ag' and meant it with every inch of melancholy I could muster. When you put that in print it says, 'McCartney in London today when asked for a comment on his dead friend said, "It's a drag".' It seemed a very flippant comment to make."[428] He described his first exchange with Ono after the murder, and his last conversation with Lennon:

I talked to Yoko the day after he was killed, and the first thing she said was, "John was really fond of you." The last telephone conversation I had with him we were still the best of mates. He was always a very warm guy, John. His bluff was all on the surface. He used to take his glasses down, those granny glasses, and say, "it's only me." They were like a wall you know? A shield. Those are the moments I treasure.[428]

In 1983, McCartney said: "I would not have been as typically human and standoffish as I was if I knew John was going to die. I would have made more of an effort to try and get behind his 'mask' and have a better relationship with him."[428] He said that he went home that night, watched the news on television with his children and cried most of the evening. In 1997, he said that Lennon's death made the remaining ex-Beatles nervous that they might also be murdered.[429] He told Mojo magazine in 2002 that Lennon was his greatest hero.[430] In 1981, McCartney sang backup on Harrison's tribute to Lennon, "All Those Years Ago", which featured Starr on drums.[431] McCartney released "Here Today" in 1982, a song Everett described as "a haunting tribute" to McCartney's friendship with Lennon.[432]

George Harrison
 
McCartney and Harrison in 1963

Discussing his relationship with McCartney, Harrison said: "Paul would always help along when you'd done his ten songs—then when he got 'round to doing one of my songs, he would help. It was silly. It was very selfish, actually ... There were a lot of tracks, though, where I played bass ... because what Paul would do—if he'd written a song, he'd learn all the parts for Paul and then come in the studio and say (sometimes he was very difficult): 'Do this'. He'd never give you the opportunity to come out with something."[433]

After Harrison's death in November 2001, McCartney said he was "a lovely guy and a very brave man who had a wonderful sense of humour". He went on to say: "We grew up together and we just had so many beautiful times together – that's what I am going to remember. I'll always love him, he's my baby brother."[434] On the first anniversary of his death, McCartney played Harrison's "Something" on a ukulele at the Concert for George; he would perform this rendition of the song on many subsequent solo tours.[435] He also performed "For You Blue" and "All Things Must Pass", and played the piano on Eric Clapton's rendition of "While My Guitar Gently Weeps".[436]

Ringo Starr

During a recording session for The Beatles in 1968, the two got into an argument over McCartney's critique of Starr's drum part for "Back in the U.S.S.R.", which contributed to Starr temporarily leaving the band.[437] Starr later commented on working with McCartney: "Paul is the greatest bass player in the world. But he is also very determined ... [to] get his own way ... [thus] musical disagreements inevitably arose from time to time."[438]

 
McCartney and Starr in 1965

McCartney and Starr collaborated on several post-Beatles projects, starting in 1973 when McCartney contributed instrumentation and backing vocals for "Six O'Clock", a song McCartney wrote for Starr's album Ringo.[439] McCartney played a kazoo solo on "You're Sixteen" from the same album.[440] Starr appeared as a fictional version of himself in McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street, and played drums on most tracks of the soundtrack album, which includes re-recordings of several McCartney-penned Beatles songs. Starr played drums and sang backing vocals on "Beautiful Night" from McCartney's 1997 album Flaming Pie. The pair collaborated again in 1998, on Starr's Vertical Man, which featured McCartney's backing vocals on three songs, and instrumentation on one.[441]

In 2009, the pair performed "With a Little Help from My Friends" at a benefit concert for the David Lynch Foundation.[442] They collaborated on Starr's album Y Not in 2010. McCartney played bass on "Peace Dream", and sang a duet with Starr on "Walk with You".[443] On 7 July 2010, Starr was performing at Radio City Music Hall in New York with his All-Starr Band in a concert celebrating his seventieth birthday. After the encores, McCartney made a surprise appearance, performing the Beatles' song "Birthday" with Starr's band.[444] On 26 January 2014, McCartney and Starr performed "Queenie Eye" from McCartney's new album New at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards.[445] McCartney inducted Starr into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2015, and played bass on his 2017 album Give More Love. On 16 December 2018, Starr and Ronnie Wood joined McCartney onstage to perform "Get Back" at his concert at London's O2 Arena. Starr also made an appearance on the final day of McCartney's Freshen Up tour in July 2019, performing "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)" and "Helter Skelter".[446]

Legacy

Achievements

McCartney was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and again as a solo artist in 1999. In 1979, the Guinness Book of World Records recognised McCartney as the "most honored composer and performer in music", with 60 gold discs (43 with the Beatles, 17 with Wings) and, as a member of the Beatles, sales of over 100 million singles and 100 million albums, and as the "most successful song writer", he wrote jointly or solo 43 songs which sold one million or more records between 1962 and 1978.[447] In 2009, Guinness World Records again recognised McCartney as the "most successful songwriter" having written or co-written 188 charted records in the United Kingdom, of which 91 reached the top 10 and 33 made it to number one.[448]

 
Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder perform "Ebony and Ivory" at a concert at the White House in 2010

McCartney has written, or co-written, 32 number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100: twenty with the Beatles; seven solo or with Wings; one as a co-writer of "A World Without Love", a number-one single for Peter and Gordon; one as a co-writer on Elton John's cover of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"; one as a co-writer on Stars on 45's "Medley"; one as a co-writer with Michael Jackson on "Say Say Say"; and one as writer on "Ebony and Ivory" performed with Stevie Wonder.[449] As of 2009, he has 15.5 million RIAA certified units in the United States as a solo artist plus another 10 million with Wings.[450]

Credited with more number ones in the UK than any other artist, McCartney has participated in twenty-four chart topping singles: seventeen with the Beatles, one solo, and one each with Wings, Stevie Wonder, Ferry Aid, Band Aid, Band Aid 20 and "The Christians et al."[451][nb 43] He is the only artist to reach the UK number one as a soloist ("Pipes of Peace"), duo ("Ebony and Ivory" with Wonder), trio ("Mull of Kintyre", Wings), quartet ("She Loves You", the Beatles), quintet ("Get Back", the Beatles with Billy Preston) and as part of a musical ensemble for charity (Ferry Aid).[453]

"Yesterday" is one of the most covered songs in history with more than 2,200 recorded versions, and according to the BBC, "the track is the only one by a UK writer to have been aired more than seven million times on American TV and radio and is third in the all-time list ... [and] is the most played song by a British writer [last] century in the US".[454] His 1968 Beatles composition "Hey Jude" achieved the highest sales in the UK that year and topped the US charts for nine weeks, which is longer than any other Beatles single. It was also the longest single released by the band and, at seven minutes eleven seconds, was at that time the longest number one.[455] "Hey Jude" is the best-selling Beatles single, achieving sales of over five million copies soon after its release.[456][nb 44]

In July 2005, McCartney's performance of "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" with U2 at Live 8 became the fastest-released single in history. Available within forty-five minutes of its recording, hours later it had achieved number one on the UK Official Download Chart.[178]

In December 2020, the release of his album McCartney III and its subsequent charting at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 earned McCartney the feat of being the first artist to have a new album in the top two chart positions in each of the last six decades.[458]

Awards and honours

 
McCartney receiving the 2010 Gershwin Prize from US President Barack Obama
Coat of arms of Paul McCartney
 
Notes
Granted by the College of Arms, 18 June 2001[472]
Crest
On a wreath of the colours a Liver Bird calling Sable supporting with the dexter claws a guitar Or stringed Sable.
Escutcheon
Or between two Flaunches fracted fesswise two roundels Sable over all six guitar strings palewise throughout counterchanged.
Motto
ECCE COR MEUM (Behold My Heart)

Discography

Other

Classical

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1964 A Hard Day's Night Himself
1965 Help! Himself
1967 Magical Mystery Tour Himself / Major McCartney / Red-Nosed Magician (uncredited) Director (writer and producer uncredited)
1968 Yellow Submarine Himself (uncredited) Animated, based upon a song by Beatles
1970 Let It Be Himself Documentary
1977 The Day the Music Died Himself Documentary
1980 Concert for Kampuchea Himself Documentary
1980 Rockshow Himself Documentary
1982 The Cooler[473] Cowboy Short, executive producer
1982 The Compleat Beatles Himself Documentary
1984 Give My Regards to Broad Street Paul Screenplay, producer, actor
1985 Rupert and the Frog Song Rupert / Edward / Bill / Boy Frog (voice) Animated short, writer, executive producer
1987 Eat the Rich Banquet Rich Cameo
1987 The Real Buddy Holly Story Himself Documentary, producer
1990 The Beatles: The First U.S. Visit Himself Documentary
1991 Get Back Himself Documentary
1992 Daumier's Law none Animated short, music, writer, executive producer
1997 Tropic Island Hum Wirral / Froggo / Bison / Various (voice) Animated short, writer, executive producer
2000 Shadow Cycle none Animated short, writer
2001 Tuesday[474] Himself (voice) Animated short, executive producer
2003 Mayor of the Sunset Strip Himself Documentary
2003 Concert for George Himself Documentary
2008 Tribute This! Himself Documentary
2008 All Together Now Himself Documentary
2009 Brüno Himself Cameo
2009 Al's Brain in 3-D Man on the Street Short
2010 David Wants to Fly Himself Documentary
2010 The Last Play at Shea Himself Documentary
2011 The Love We Make Himself Documentary
2011 George Harrison: Living in the Material World Himself Documentary
2013 Sound City Himself Documentary
2013 12-12-12 Himself Documentary, Producer
2014 Finding Fela Himself Documentary
2014 Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me Himself Documentary
2016 The Beatles: Eight Days a Week Himself Documentary
2017 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales Uncle Jack Cameo
2018 Quincy Himself Documentary
2018 The Bruce McMouse Show Himself Unreleased Wings concert film with animation produced from 1972 to 1977, theatrical release 2019[475]
2023 If These Walls Could Sing Himself Documentary directed by Mary McCartney[476]

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1963–64 Ready Steady Go! Himself Music programme, 3 episodes
1964 Around the Beatles Himself Concert special
1964 What's Happening! The Beatles in the U.S.A. Himself Documentary
1964–65 The Ed Sullivan Show Himself Variety show, 4 episodes
1965 The Music of Lennon & McCartney Himself Variety tribute special
1966 The Beatles at Shea Stadium Himself Concert special
1966 The Beatles in Japan Himself Concert special
1973 James Paul McCartney Himself TV special
1975 A Salute to the Beatles: Once upon a Time Himself Documentary
1977 All You Need Is Love: The Story of Popular Music Himself Documentary mini-series
1985 Live Aid Himself Benefit concert special
1987 It Was Twenty Years Ago Today Himself Documentary
1988 The Power of Music Himself, Narrator Documentary
1995 The Simpsons Himself (voice) Episode: "Lisa the Vegetarian"
1995 The Beatles Anthology Himself Documentary mini-series
1997 Music for Montserrat Himself Benefit concert special
2001 Wingspan Himself Documentary
2001 The Concert for New York City Himself Benefit concert special
2005 Live 8 Himself Benefit concert special
2005 Saturday Night Live Paul Simon Episode: "Alec Baldwin/Christina Aguilera"
2012 30 Rock Himself Episode: "Live from Studio 6H" (East Coast airing only)
2015 BoJack Horseman Himself (voice) Episode: "After the Party"
2021 McCartney 3,2,1 (miniseries) Himself Documentary mini-series
2021 The Beatles: Get Back Himself Documentary mini-series

Tours

Wings tours

Source:[477]

Solo tours

Source:[478]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Jim McCartney's father Joe played an E-flat tuba.[23] McCartney's father also pointed out the bass parts in songs on the radio, and often took his sons to local brass band concerts.[24]
  2. ^ In 1963, the Beatles released two studio albums: Please Please Me and With the Beatles. Two more albums followed in 1964: A Hard Day's Night and Beatles for Sale.[38]
  3. ^ Also included on Revolver was "Here, There and Everywhere", a McCartney composition which is his second favourite after "Yesterday".[52]
  4. ^ Written by McCartney as a commentary on his childhood in Liverpool, "Penny Lane" featured a piccolo trumpet solo inspired by Bach's second Brandenburg concerto.[60]
  5. ^ The Beatles was the band's first Apple Records LP release; the label was a subsidiary of Apple Corps, a conglomerate formed as part of Epstein's plan to reduce the group's taxes.[71]
  6. ^ When the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, their first year of eligibility, McCartney did not attend the ceremony, stating that unresolved legal disputes would make him "feel like a complete hypocrite waving and smiling with [Harrison and Starr] at a fake reunion".[77]
  7. ^ The Beatles released twenty-two UK singles and twelve LPs, of which seventeen singles and eleven LPs reached number one on various charts.[78] The band topped the US Billboard Hot 100 twenty times, and recorded fourteen number-one albums, as Lennon and McCartney became one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.[79] McCartney was the primary writer of five of their last six US number-one singles: "Hello, Goodbye" (1967), "Hey Jude" (1968), "Get Back (1969)", "Let It Be" and "The Long and Winding Road" (1970).[80]
  8. ^ McCartney peaked in the UK at number two, spending thirty-two weeks in the charts.[85]
  9. ^ Wings' first album together, Wild Life, reached the top ten in the US and the top twenty in the UK, staying on the UK charts for nine weeks.[88]
  10. ^ In May 1973, Wings began a 21-show tour of the UK, this time with supporting act Brinsley Schwarz.[91]
  11. ^ "Live and Let Die" became a staple of McCartney's live shows, its modern sound well-suited for the pyrotechnics and laser light displays Wings employed during their 1970s stadium performances.[96]
  12. ^ Band on the Run became the UK's first platinum LP.[99]
  13. ^ Wings at the Speed of Sound peaked in the UK at number 2, spending 35 weeks in the charts. In the UK, NME was alone in ranking the album number 1. The LP reached number 1 on three charts in the US.[104]
  14. ^ In 1977, McCartney released the album Thrillington, an orchestral arrangement of Ram, under the pseudonym Percy "Thrills" Thrillington, with a cover designed by Hipgnosis.[109]
  15. ^ During the production of London Town, McCulloch and English quit Wings; they were replaced by guitarist Laurence Juber and drummer Steve Holly.[111]
  16. ^ Other factors in Wings' split included tension caused by the disappointment of their last effort, Back to the Egg, and McCartney's 1980 marijuana bust in Japan, which resulted in the cancelling of the tour and caused a major loss of wages for the group. Laine claimed that a significant cause of their dissolution was McCartney's reluctance to tour, fearing for his personal safety after the 1980 murder of Lennon. McCartney's then-spokesman said, "Paul is doing other things, that's all".[117]
  17. ^ Wings produced a total of seven studio albums, two of which topped the UK charts and four the US charts. Their live triple LP, Wings over America, was one of only a few live albums ever to achieve the top spot in America.[118] They made six US Billboard number-one singles, including "Listen to What the Man Said" and "Silly Love Songs", as well as eight top-ten singles. They achieved eight RIAA-certified platinum singles and six platinum albums in the US.[97] In the UK, they achieved one number-one and twelve top-ten singles, as well as two number-one LPs.[119]
  18. ^ Tug of War was a number-one album in both the UK and the US.[121]
  19. ^ Pipes of Peace peaked in the UK at number 4, spending 23 weeks in the charts. The LP reached number 15 in the US and is McCartney's most recently recorded RIAA certified platinum studio album as of 2012.[124]
  20. ^ "Spies Like Us" peaked in the UK at number 13 spending 10 weeks in the charts. The single reached number 7 in the US and is McCartney's most recently recorded US top-ten as of 2012.[129]
  21. ^ Press to Play reached number 8 in the UK, and number 30 in the US.[132]
  22. ^ In 1989, "Ferry Cross the Mersey" reached number 1 in the UK.[135]
  23. ^ Flowers in the Dirt is McCartney's most recent UK number-one album as of 2012; it reached number 21 in the US.[137]
  24. ^ Tripping the Live Fantastic reached number 17 in the UK and number 26 in the US.[141]
  25. ^ During the ten-month, 104-show Tripping the Live Fantastic tour, McCartney played as many as fourteen Beatles songs a night, comprising nearly half the performance[142]
  26. ^ Unplugged: The Official Bootleg reached number 7 in the UK and number 14 in the US.[148]
  27. ^ Off the Ground reached number 5 in the UK and number 17 in the US.[151]
  28. ^ Paul is Live reached number 34 in the UK and number 78 in the US.[153]
  29. ^ For the New World Tour, Whitten was replaced by drummer Blair Cunningham.[154] McCartney's 1993 tour of the US was the second highest grossing effort of the year in America, bringing in $32.3 million from twenty-four shows.[155]
  30. ^ Flaming Pie reached number 2 in the UK and the US. It also yielded McCartney's highest charting UK top-twenty hit song as of 2012, "Young Boy", which reached number 19.[159]
  31. ^ Run Devil Run reached number 12 in the UK and number 27 in the US.[162]
  32. ^ Driving Rain reached number 46 in the UK and number 26 in the US.[168]
  33. ^ Back in the US reached number 8 in the US, and Back in the World reached number 5 in the UK.[171]
  34. ^ During the Driving World Tour McCartney performed twenty-three Beatles songs in a thirty-six song set, including an all-Beatles encore.[142]
  35. ^ In June 2005, McCartney released the electronica album Twin Freaks, a collaborative project with bootleg producer and remixer Freelance Hellraiser consisting of remixed versions of songs from his solo career.[179]
  36. ^ Chaos and Creation in the Backyard is McCartney's most recent top-ten album as of 2012. It reached number 10 in the UK, and number 6 in the US. It was supported by a UK top-twenty hit single, his most recent as of 2014, "Fine Line", which failed to chart in the US, and "Jenny Wren", which reached number 22 in the UK.[181]
  37. ^ McCartney followed the release of Chaos and Creation in the Backyard with the 'US' Tour, the tenth top earning act of 2005 in the US, taking in over $17 million in ticket sales for eight shows. During the opening performance of the tour, he played thirty-five songs, of which twenty-three were Beatles tracks.[182]
  38. ^ Ecce Cor Meum reached number 2 on the classical charts in both the UK and the US.[183]
  39. ^ Memory Almost Full reached number 3 in the US and spending fifteen weeks in the charts. As of 2014, it remains McCartney's most recent top-five album.[185]
  40. ^ Electric Arguments reached number 67 on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Independent Albums chart.[187]
  41. ^ In November 2010, iTunes made available the official canon of thirteen Beatles studio albums, Past Masters and the 1962–1966 and 1967–1970 greatest-hits compilations, making the group among the last of the seminal classic rock artists to offer their music for sale on the digital marketplace.[193]
  42. ^ McCartney's band performed thirty-seven songs during 8 May 2012, performance in Mexico City, twenty-three of which were Beatles tracks.[199]
  43. ^ As of 2012, Elvis Presley has achieved the most UK number-ones as a solo artist with eighteen.[452]
  44. ^ "Hey Jude" was covered by several prominent artists, including Elvis Presley, Bing Crosby, Count Basie and Wilson Pickett.[457]

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  10. ^ Miles 1997, p. 4: (primary source); Benitez 2010, p. 1: (secondary source).
  11. ^ a b Carlin 2009, p. 11.
  12. ^ Carlin 2009, pp. 8–9.
  13. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 1: Transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School due to overcrowding at Stockton; Carlin 2009, p. 13: Transferred to Joseph Williams in 1949.
  14. ^ For his attendance at Joseph Williams Junior School see: "Beatle's schoolboy photo auction". BBC News. 16 August 2009. from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.; For McCartney passing the 11-plus exam see: Miles 1997, p. 9: (primary source); Benitez 2010, pp. 1–2: (secondary source).
  15. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 2: The two soon became friends, "I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger"; Spitz 2005, pp. 82–83: On grammar school versus secondary modern, 125: On meeting Harrison.
  16. ^ Playboy Interview, December 1984
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  18. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 2: "Mary was the family's primary wage earner"; Harry 2002, pp. 340–341: "where they lived through 1964".
  19. ^ Miles 1997, p. 6.
  20. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 2: On Mary's death (secondary source); Miles 1997, p. 20: On Mary's death (primary source); Womack 2007, p. 10: Mary died from an embolism.
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  27. ^ Miles 1997, p. 21.
  28. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 509: McCartney: "The first song I ever sang in public was "Long Tall Sally"., 533–534: Harry: "Long Tall Sally", was "The first number Paul ever sang on stage".
  29. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 93.
  30. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 95: "The Quarrymen played a spirited set of songs—half skiffle, half rock 'n roll".
  31. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 18.
  32. ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 18–22.
  33. ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 17–25.
  34. ^ Miles 1997, p. 74: McCartney: "Nobody wants to play bass, or nobody did in those days".;Gould 2007, p. 89: On McCartney playing bass when Sutcliffe was indisposed., Gould 2007, p. 94: "Sutcliffe gradually began to withdraw from active participation in the Beatles, ceding his role as the group's bassist to Paul McCartney".
  35. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 249–251.
  36. ^ Miles 1997, pp. 84–88.
  37. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 59: "Love Me Do", Lewisohn 1992, p. 75: Replacing Best with Starr., Lewisohn 1992, pp. 88–94: "Beatlemania" in the UK., Lewisohn 1992, pp. 136–140: "Beatlemania" in the US; Miles 1997, p. 470: the cute Beatle; Spitz 2005, p. 330: Starr joining the Beatles in August 1962.
  38. ^ a b c d Lewisohn 1992, pp. 350–351.
  39. ^ For song authorship see: Harry 2002, p. 90: "Can't Buy Me Love", Harry 2002, p. 439: "I Saw Her Standing There"; Harry 2000a, pp. 561–562: "I Want to Hold Your Hand"; and MacDonald 2005, pp. 66–68: "I Saw Her Standing There", MacDonald 2005, pp. 83–85: "She Loves You", MacDonald 2005, pp. 99–103: "I Want to Hold Your Hand", MacDonald 2005, pp. 104–107: "Can't Buy Me Love", MacDonald 2005, pp. 171–172; For release dates, US and UK peak chart positions of the preceding songs see: Lewisohn 1992, pp. 350–351.
  40. ^ Buk 1996, p. 51: Their first recording that involved only a single band member; Gould 2007, p. 278: The group's first recorded use of classical music elements in their music.
  41. ^ MacDonald 2005, pp. 157–158: "Yesterday" as the most covered song in history.
  42. ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 172.
  43. ^ Levy 2005, p. 18: Rubber Soul is described by critics as an advancement of the band's music; Brown & Gaines 2002, pp. 181–82: As they explored facets of romance and philosophy in their lyrics.
  44. ^ MacDonald 2005, pp. 169–170: "In My Life" as a highlight of the Beatles catalogue.; Spitz 2005, p. 587: Both Lennon and McCartney have claimed lead authorship for "In My Life".
  45. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 197.
  46. ^ Harry 2000b, p. 780.
  47. ^ Gould 2007, p. 348.
  48. ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 195: The first of three consecutive McCartney A-sides; Lewisohn 1992, pp. 350–351: Revolver's release was preceded by "Paperback Writer".
  49. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 214: "the forerunner of videos"; Lewisohn 1992, pp. 221–222: The films aired on The Ed Sullivan Show and Top of the Pops.
  50. ^ Gould 2007, p. 350: "neoclassical tour de force", Gould 2007, p. 402: "a true hybrid".
  51. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 313–316.
  52. ^ Everett 1999, p. 328.
  53. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 230.
  54. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 8.
  55. ^ Harry 2000a, p. 970: Rock's first concept album; MacDonald 2005, p. 254: McCartney sensed unease among the bandmates and wanted them to maintain creative productivity.
  56. ^ Miles 1997, p. 303: McCartney creating a new identity for the group.
  57. ^ Miles 1997, p. 303.
  58. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 232.
  59. ^ Emerick & Massey 2006, p. 158: Martin and McCartney took turns conducting; Gould 2007, pp. 387–388: Recording "A Day in the Life" required a forty-piece orchestra.
  60. ^ Sounes 2010, pp. 161–162.
  61. ^ Gould 2007, pp. 391–395: The Sgt. Pepper cover featured the Beatles as the imaginary band alluded to in the album's title track, standing with a host of celebrities (secondary source); The Beatles 2000, p. 248: Standing with a host of celebrities (primary source); Miles 1997, p. 333: On McCartney's design for the Sgt. Pepper cover (primary source); Sounes 2010, p. 168: On McCartney's design for the Sgt. Pepper cover (secondary source).
  62. ^ Gould 2007, pp. 391–395: The Sgt. Pepper cover attracted curiosity and analysis; Miles 1997, p. 333: On McCartney's design for the Sgt. Pepper cover (primary source); Sounes 2010, p. 168: On McCartney's design for the Sgt. Pepper cover (secondary source).
  63. ^ Wenner 2000, pp. 24–25.
  64. ^ Brown & Gaines 2002, p. 247.
  65. ^ a b Benitez 2010, pp. 8–9.
  66. ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 238–239.
  67. ^ Gould 2007, pp. 455–456.
  68. ^ Harry 2000a, p. 699.
  69. ^ Gould 2007, p. 487: Critical response; Lewisohn 1992, p. 278: Filming of the promotional trailer, Lewisohn 1992, p. 304: Yellow Submarine soundtrack release.
  70. ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 276–304.
  71. ^ Gould 2007, p. 470: Apple Corps formed as part of Epstein's business plan; Lewisohn 1992, p. 278: The Beatles' first Apple Records LP release.
  72. ^ Brown & Gaines 2002, p. 299: "We've been very negative since Mr. Epstein passed away"; Lewisohn 1992, pp. 276–304: The White Album, Lewisohn 1992, pp. 304–314: Let It Be.
  73. ^ Sounes 2010, pp. 171–172: Paul and Linda's first meeting; Sounes 2010, pp. 245–248: On their wedding; Sounes 2010, p. 261: On the birth of their first child Mary.
  74. ^ a b Gould 2007, p. 563.
  75. ^ Gould 2007, pp. 593–594.
  76. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 349: McCartney's departure from the Beatles (secondary source); Miles 1998, pp. 314–316: McCartney's departure from the Beatles (primary source); Spitz 2005, pp. 243, 819–821: Lennon's personal appointment of Klein, Spitz 2005, pp. 832–833: McCartney's disagreement with Lennon, Harrison, and Starr over Klein's management of the Beatles.
  77. ^ Harry 2002, p. 753.
  78. ^ Roberts 2005, p. 54.
  79. ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 350–351: US and UK singles and album release dates with peak chart positions; Gould 2007, pp. 8–9: "one of the greatest phenomena in the history of mass entertainment", "widely regarded as the greatest concentration of singing, songwriting, and all-around musical talent that the rock'n'roll era has produced"; Spitz 2005, p. 856: "not anything like anything else ... [a] vastness of talent ... of genius, incomprehensible".
  80. ^ For song authorship see: MacDonald 2005, pp. 333–334: "Get Back", MacDonald 2005, pp. 272–273: "Hello, Goodbye", MacDonald 2005, pp. 302–304: "Hey Jude", MacDonald 2005, pp. 337–338: "Let it Be", MacDonald 2005, pp. 339–341: "The Long and Winding Road"; For release dates, US and UK peak chart positions of the preceding songs see: Lewisohn 1992, pp. 350–351.
  81. ^ Lewisohn 2002, p. 29.
  82. ^ Heatley, Michael; Hopkinson, Frank. The Girl in the Song: The Real Stories Behind 50 Rock Classics, Pavilion Books (2010) e-book
  83. ^ "Maybe I'm Amazed" 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Beatles Bible
  84. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 556–563: McCartney; Blaney 2007, p. 31: McCartney, a US number one.
  85. ^ Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position and weeks on charts for McCartney.
  86. ^ Ingham 2009, pp. 105: Ram, 114–115: "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey"; McGee 2003, p. 245: Peak US chart positions for Ram.
  87. ^ Lewisohn 2002, p. 7.
  88. ^ McGee 2003, p. 245: Peak UK and US chart positions for Wild Life; Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position and weeks on chart for Wild Life.
  89. ^ Sounes 2010, pp. 287–288: Birth of Stella; Harry 2002, pp. 613–615: Stella McCartney.
  90. ^ Harry 2002, p. 845: "traveled across the UK"; Ingham 2009, p. 106: "Scrupulously avoiding Beatles songs".
  91. ^ a b Harry 2002, p. 847.
  92. ^ Harry 2002, p. 845.
  93. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 641–642: "My Love", Harry 2002, pp. 744–745: Red Rose Speedway; McGee 2003, p. 245: Peak US chart positions for Red Rose Speedway; Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position for Red Rose Speedway.
  94. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 515–516: "Live and Let Die"; Harry 2002, pp. 641–642: "My Love".
  95. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 50: "symphonic rock at its best"; Harry 2002, pp. 515–516: "Live and Let Die" US chart peak; Roberts 2005, p. 311: "Live and Let Die" UK chart peak.
  96. ^ Sounes 2010, p. 304: Pyrotechnics; Sounes 2010, p. 329: Laser lighting display; Sounes 2010, p. 440: Performing "Live and Let Die" with pyrotechnics, 1993; Sounes 2010, pp. 512–513: Performing "Live and Let Die" with pyrotechnics, 2002.
  97. ^ a b McGee 2003, pp. 248–249.
  98. ^ Benitez 2010, pp. 51–60: Band on the Run; Roberts 2005, p. 312: Band on the Run a number-one album in the UK with 124 weeks on the charts.
  99. ^ McGee 2003, p. 60.
  100. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 53–54: "Band on the Run" (single).
  101. ^ . Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  102. ^ Benitez 2010, pp. 61–62.
  103. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 882–883: Venus and Mars, Harry 2002, pp. 910–911: Wings at the Speed of Sound; Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position for Venus and Mars.
  104. ^ McGee 2003, p. 245: NME ranking Wings at the Speed of Sound number 1, and the LP was number 1 on three charts in the US; Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position and weeks on charts for Wings at the Speed of Sound.
  105. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 116: "And for the first time, McCartney included songs associated with the Beatles, something he'd been unwilling to do previously"; Harry 2002, pp. 848–850: Wings Over the World Tour; Ingham 2009, p. 107: "featuring a modest handful of McCartney's Beatle tunes"; McGee 2003, p. 85: "Paul decided it would be a mistake not to ... [perform] a few Beatles songs."
  106. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 912–913: Wings over America; Lewisohn 2002, p. 83: "After extensive rehearsals in London".
  107. ^ Carlin 2009, pp. 247–248: Birth of James; Doggett 2009, p. 264: one of the best-selling singles in UK chart history.
  108. ^ Ingham 2009, pp. 107–108: "Mull of Kintyre"; Benitez 2010, p. 86: "the biggest hit of McCartney's career".
  109. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 840–841: Thrillington Hipgnosis cover art; Lewisohn 2002, p. 168: Thrillington.
  110. ^ Blaney 2007, pp. 122–125.
  111. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 79.
  112. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 42–43: Back to the Egg, Harry 2002, pp. 530–532: London Town, Harry 2002, pp. 758–760: the Rockestra; Ingham 2009, p. 108: London Town and Back to the Egg; McGee 2003, p. 245: Back to the Egg certified platinum.
  113. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 845–851: Wings tours details, Harry 2002, pp. 850–851: Wings UK Tour 1979; Ingham 2009, p. 108: Wings UK Tour 1979.
  114. ^ Harry 2002, p. 578: He composed all the music and performed the instrumentation himself; Lewisohn 2002, p. 167: McCartney II a UK number-one, and a US top-five.
  115. ^ Benitez 2010, pp. 100–103: McCartney II; Blaney 2007, pp. 136–137: "Coming Up".
  116. ^ Benitez 2010, pp. 96–97.
  117. ^ Benitez 2010, pp. 96–97: On Wings' April dissolution, McCartney fearing for his personal safety and the commercial disappointment of Back to the Egg; Blaney 2007, p. 132: "Back to the Egg spent only eight weeks in the British charts, the shortest chart run of any Wings album".; Doggett 2009, pp. 276: "Paul is doing other things, that's all".; George-Warren 2001, p. 626: McCartney's reluctance to tour for fear of his personal safety; McGee 2003, p. 144: On McCartney's reluctance to tour out of fear for his personal safety, and Laine's statement that this was a significant contributing factor to Wings' dissolution.
  118. ^ Ingham 2009, pp. 109–110: Wings disbanded in 1981; McGee 2003, p. 245: US and UK chart positions of Wings' LPs; Harry 2002, pp. 904–910: Wings, 912–913: Wings over America; Lewisohn 2002, p. 163: one of few live albums ever to achieve the top spot in America.
  119. ^ McGee 2003, pp. 244–245: Wings' US and UK singles and albums chart positions; Harry 2002, pp. 511–512: "Listen to What the Man Said", 788: "Silly Love Songs"
  120. ^ Harry 2002, p. 311: "Ebony and Ivory"; Harry 2002, pp. 361–362: "The Girl Is Mine"; Harry 2002, p. 820: Eric Stewart.
  121. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 153.
  122. ^ American Top 40 replay. Green Bay, Wisconsin. 22 May 1982. Event occurs at 9:55am.
  123. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 720–722: Pipes of Peace album and song., Harry 2002, pp. 776–777: "Say Say Say"; Roberts 2005, p. 311: Last UK number one single; For the peak US chart position of Pipes of Peace see: Blaney 2007, p. 159.
  124. ^ For the RIAA database see: "RIAA: Searchable Database". the Recording Industry Association of America. from the original on 30 August 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2012.; Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position and weeks on charts for Pipes of Peace; Blaney 2007, p. 159: US chart peak for Pipes of Peace.
  125. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 365–374: Give My Regards to Broad Street (film); Harry 2002, p. 817: Starr in Give My Regards to Broad Street.
  126. ^ Ebert, Roger (1 January 1984). "Give My Regards to Broad Street review". Chicago Sun-Times. from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  127. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 167: Peak US chart position for "No More Lonely Nights", (number 6); Graff 2000, p. 40: Gilmour on guitar; Harry 2002, pp. 368–369: "No More Lonely Nights".
  128. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 171.
  129. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 171: Peak US and UK chart positions for "Spies Like Us"; Benitez 2010, p. 117: "Became a top-ten hit for McCartney"; Roberts 2005, p. 311: Peak UK chart position for "Spies Like Us".
  130. ^ Sounes 2010, pp. 402–403.
  131. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 177.
  132. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 177: Peak UK and US chart positions for Press to Play; Roberts 2005, p. 8: Peak UK chart position for Press to Play.
  133. ^ Harry 2002, p. 100: Снова в СССР; Harry 2002, p. 728: Press to Play; Harry 2002, p. 820: Eric Stewart.
  134. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 327–328.
  135. ^ Roberts 2005, pp. 688–689.
  136. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 272–273: Elvis Costello; Harry 2002, pp. 337–338: Flowers in the Dirt.
  137. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 191: Peak US chart position for "Flowers in the Dirt" (#21); Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position for "Flowers in the Dirt" (#1).
  138. ^ Harry 2002, p. 851: the Paul McCartney World Tour band; Sounes 2010, pp. 420–421: the Paul McCartney World Tour band.
  139. ^ Badman 1999, p. 444.
  140. ^ Harry 2002, p. 851.
  141. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 201.
  142. ^ a b Sounes 2010, p. 512.
  143. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 526–528: Liverpool Oratorio.
  144. ^ a b Harry 2002, p. 528.
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  146. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 134: Performed around the world; Blaney 2007, p. 210: on the UK classical chart, Music Week.
  147. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 873–874: Unplugged: the Official Bootleg.
  148. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 205.
  149. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 332–334.
  150. ^ Harry 2002, p. 656.
  151. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 215.
  152. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 685–686, 687: The New World Tour.
  153. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 219.
  154. ^ Sounes 2010, p. 429.
  155. ^ Everett 1999, p. 282.
  156. ^ Miles 1997, pp. 218–219.
  157. ^ Sounes 2010, p. 458: Honorary Fellowship, Sounes 2010, p. 477: McCartney; "Yeah, it's kind of amazing for somebody who doesn't read a note of music".
  158. ^ Blaney 2007, pp. 224.
  159. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 223: The peak UK chart position for "Young Boy", Blaney 2007, p. 224: Starr on "Beautiful Night", Blaney 2007, p. 225: Peak US chart position for Flaming Pie; Roberts 2005, p. 311: Peak UK chart position for "Young Boy", Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position for Flaming Pie.
  160. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 229.
  161. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 335–336: Flaming Pie; Harry 2002, p. 807: Standing Stone; Harry 2002, p. 770: Rushes
  162. ^ a b Blaney 2007, p. 241.
  163. ^ Graff 2000, p. 40; Harry 2002, pp. 593–595: Linda's battle with cancer., Harry 2002, pp. 765–766: Run Devil Run.
  164. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 710–711.
  165. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 528–529.
  166. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 350–351: "Choral"; George-Warren 2001, pp. 626–627: "Classical".
  167. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 268–270: The Concert for New York City; Harry 2002, pp. 346–347: "Freedom".
  168. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 255.
  169. ^ Benitez 2010, p. 15: New band details; Sounes 2010, pp. 510–511: New band details.
  170. ^ Sounes 2010, pp. 517–518.
  171. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 261: Peak US chart position for Back in the U.S.; Roberts 2005, p. 312: Peak UK chart position for Back in the World.
  172. ^ For tour box office gross see: Waddell, Ray (28 December 2002). "The Top Tours of 2002: Veterans rule the roost, with Sir Paul leading the pack". Billboard. from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  173. ^ Deruso, Nick (9 May 2013). "Interview of Brian Ray on Paul McCartney". Something Else!. from the original on 6 February 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  174. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 577: McCartney's marriage to Mills; Doggett 2009, pp. 332–333: Concert for George.
  175. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 825–826: McCartney performing at Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002; Sandford 2006, p. 396: McCartney performing at Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005.
  176. ^ "Ex-Beatle granted coat of arms". BBC News. 22 December 2002. from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  177. ^ a b Sounes 2010, p. 523.
  178. ^ a b Blaney 2007, pp. 268–269.
  179. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 268.
  180. ^ Molenda 2005, pp. 68–70.
  181. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 269: Peak UK and US chart positions for "Fine Line"; Blaney 2007, p. 271: Peak UK and US chart positions for Chaos and Creation in the Backyard; Blaney 2007, p. 274: Peak UK chart position for "Jenny Wren".
  182. ^ For 30 November 2005 Los Angeles setlist see: "Paul McCartney: The U.S. Tour". paulmcartney.com. 30 November 2005. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2012.; For the Billboard boxscores see:Waddell, Ray (5 August 2006). "Top Tours Take Center Stage". Billboard. from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  183. ^ a b Blaney 2007, p. 276.
  184. ^ Sounes 2010, pp. 540–541.
  185. ^ "Memory Almost Full – Paul McCartney". Billboard. 23 June 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  186. ^ Sounes 2010, p. 559.
  187. ^ "Electric Arguments – the Fireman". Billboard. 13 December 2008. from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  188. ^ . Rolling Stone. 2 June 2008. Archived from the original on 1 July 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
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  190. ^ For 9 September 2009 remasters see: (Press release). EMI. 7 April 2009. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.; For the Beatles: Rock Band see: Gross, Doug (4 September 2009). "Still Relevant After Decades, The Beatles Set to Rock 9 September 2009". CNN. from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  191. ^ Sounes 2010, p. 560.
  192. ^ Mervis, Scott (14 June 2010). "Paul McCartney sells out two shows at Consol". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  193. ^ For "among the last" of the classic rock catalogues available online see: La Monica, Paul R. (7 September 2005). "Hey iTunes, Don't Make It Bad ..." CNNMoney.com. from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.; For the Beatles catalogue available on iTunes see: Aswad, Jem (16 November 2010). "Beatles End Digital Boycott, Catalog Now on iTunes". Rolling Stone. New York. from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
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  405. ^ Miles 1997, pp. 514–515.
  406. ^ Miles 1997, p. 525.
  407. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 904–910.
  408. ^ a b c Lewisohn 2002, p. 45.
  409. ^ Blaney 2007, p. 84.
  410. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 585–601.
  411. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 600–601.
  412. ^ Harry 2002, pp. 568–578.
  413. ^ Sounes 2010, p. 532: Separation, Sounes 2010, p. 546: Divorce.
  414. ^ "McCartney's lament: I can't buy your love". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 June 2004. from the original on 8 May 2012.
  415. ^ Chan, Sewell (7 November 2007). "Former Beatle Linked to Member of M.T.A. Unit". The New York Times. from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
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paul, mccartney, mccartney, redirects, here, other, uses, name, mccartney, mccartney, disambiguation, james, born, june, 1942, english, singer, songwriter, musician, gained, worldwide, fame, with, beatles, whom, played, bass, guitar, shared, primary, songwriti. McCartney redirects here For other uses of the name McCartney see McCartney disambiguation Sir James Paul McCartney CH MBE born 18 June 1942 is an English singer songwriter and musician who gained worldwide fame with the Beatles for whom he played bass guitar and shared primary songwriting and lead vocal duties with John Lennon One of the most successful composers and performers of all time McCartney is known for his melodic approach to bass playing versatile and wide tenor vocal range and musical eclecticism exploring styles ranging from pre rock and roll pop to classical and electronica His songwriting partnership with Lennon remains the most successful in history 4 SirPaul McCartneyCH MBEMcCartney in 2021BornJames Paul McCartney 1942 06 18 18 June 1942 age 80 Liverpool EnglandOther namesPaul Ramon 1 Bernard Webb 2 Fireman 2 Apollo C VermouthPercy Thrills ThrillingtonOccupationsSinger songwriter musician record and film producer businessmanYears active1957 presentSpousesLinda Eastman m 1969 died 1998 wbr Heather Mills m 2002 div 2008 wbr Nancy Shevell m 2011 wbr PartnerJane Asher 1963 1968 Children5 including Heather Mary Stella and JamesRelativesMike McGear brother AwardsFull listMusical careerGenresRock pop classical electronicInstrumentsVocals bass guitar guitar keyboardsLabelsApple Capitol Columbia Decca Hear Music Parlophone Polydor Swan Vee JayFormerly ofThe QuarrymenThe BeatlesWingsPaul McCartney s voice source source source from the BBC programme Front Row 26 December 2012 3 Websitepaulmccartney wbr comSignatureBorn in Liverpool McCartney taught himself piano guitar and songwriting as a teenager having been influenced by his father a jazz player and rock and roll performers such as Little Richard and Buddy Holly He began his career when he joined Lennon s skiffle group the Quarrymen in 1957 which evolved into the Beatles in 1960 Sometimes called the cute Beatle McCartney later involved himself with the London avant garde and spearheaded the incorporation of experimental aesthetics into the Beatles studio productions Starting with the 1967 album Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band he gradually became the band s de facto leader providing the creative impetus for most of their music and film projects Many of his Beatles songs including And I Love Her Yesterday Eleanor Rigby and Blackbird rank among the most covered songs in history 5 6 While primarily a bassist with the Beatles in various songs he played a number of other instruments including keyboards guitars and drums After the Beatles disbanded he debuted as a solo artist with the 1970 album McCartney and formed the band Wings with his first wife Linda and Denny Laine Led by McCartney Wings was one of the most successful bands of the 1970s and he wrote or co wrote their US or UK number one hits My Love Band on the Run Listen to What the Man Said Silly Love Songs and Mull of Kintyre He resumed his solo career in 1980 and has toured as a solo artist since 1989 Without Wings his UK or US number one hits have included Uncle Albert Admiral Halsey with Linda Coming Up Pipes of Peace Ebony and Ivory with Stevie Wonder and Say Say Say with Michael Jackson Beyond music he has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to such subjects as animal rights seal hunting land mines vegetarianism poverty and music education McCartney has written or co written a record 32 songs that have topped the Billboard Hot 100 and as of 2009 update had sales of 25 5 million RIAA certified units in the US His honours include two inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1999 an Academy Award a Primetime Emmy Award 18 Grammy Awards an appointment as a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1965 and a knighthood in 1997 for services to music As of 2020 he is one of the wealthiest musicians in the world with an estimated fortune of 800 million 7 Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 1957 1960 The Quarrymen 2 2 1960 1970 The Beatles 2 3 1970 1981 Wings 2 4 1982 1990 2 5 1991 1999 2 6 2000 2009 2 7 2010 present 3 Musicianship 3 1 Early influences 3 2 Bass guitar 3 3 Acoustic guitar 3 4 Electric guitar 3 5 Vocals 3 6 Keyboards 3 7 Drums 3 8 Tape loops 4 Personal life 4 1 Creative outlets 4 2 Business 4 3 Drugs 4 4 Vegetarianism and activism 4 5 Football 4 6 Relationships 4 6 1 Girlfriends 4 6 1 1 Dot Rhone 4 6 1 2 Jane Asher 4 6 2 Wives 4 6 2 1 Linda Eastman 4 6 2 2 Heather Mills 4 6 2 3 Nancy Shevell 4 6 3 Beatles 4 6 3 1 John Lennon 4 6 3 1 1 Reaction to Lennon s murder 4 6 3 2 George Harrison 4 6 3 3 Ringo Starr 5 Legacy 5 1 Achievements 5 2 Awards and honours 6 Discography 7 Filmography 7 1 Film 7 2 Television 8 Tours 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Sources 13 Further reading 14 External linksEarly life The home at 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton into which the McCartney family moved in 1955 McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 at Walton Hospital in the Walton area of Liverpool where his mother Mary Patricia nee Mohin had qualified to practise as a nurse His father James Jim McCartney was absent from his son s birth due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II Both of his parents were of Irish descent 8 McCartney has a younger brother Peter Michael and a younger stepsister Ruth born to his father s second wife Angie during her first marriage 9 Paul and Michael were baptised in their mother s Catholic faith even though their father was a former Protestant who had turned agnostic Religion was not emphasised in the household 10 According to his biographer Peter Ames Carlin McCartney s parents came from the lowest rungs of the working class 11 but had experienced some upward social mobility during their lifetimes Before the war Jim had worked as a salesman for the cotton merchants A Hannay and Co having been promoted from his job as a sample boy in their warehouse when the war broke out Hannay s was shuttered and Jim was employed as a lathe turner at Napier s defence engineering works volunteering for the fire brigade at night 12 The growing family was rehoused at a flat in Knowsley in 1944 and then in a council housing development in Speke in 1946 After the war Jim returned to his job at the cotton merchants with a reduced income Mary s work as a visiting midwife was much more remunerative 11 McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949 when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton 13 In 1953 he was one of only three students out of 90 to pass the 11 Plus exam meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute a grammar school rather than a secondary modern school 14 In 1954 he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his suburban home in Speke The two quickly became friends McCartney later admitted I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger 15 The type of people that I came from I never saw better I mean the Presidents the Prime Minister I never met anyone half as nice as some of the people I know from Liverpool who are nothing who do nothing They re not important or famous But they are smart like my dad was smart I mean people who can just cut through problems like a hot knife through butter The kind of people you need in life Salt of the earth 16 Paul McCartney Playboy interview 1984 McCartney s mother Mary was a midwife and the family s primary wage earner her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton 17 where they lived until 1964 18 She rode a bicycle to her patients McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning the streets thick with snow 19 On 31 October 1956 when McCartney was 14 his mother died of an embolism as a complication of surgery for breast cancer 20 McCartney s loss later became a connection with John Lennon whose mother Julia had died when he was 17 21 McCartney s father was a trumpet player and pianist who led Jim Mac s Jazz Band in the 1920s He kept an upright piano in the front room encouraged his sons to be musical and advised McCartney to take piano lessons However McCartney preferred to learn by ear 22 nb 1 When McCartney was 11 his father encouraged him to audition for the Liverpool Cathedral choir but he was not accepted McCartney then joined the choir at St Barnabas Church Mossley Hill 25 McCartney received a nickel plated trumpet from his father for his fourteenth birthday but when rock and roll became popular on Radio Luxembourg McCartney traded it for a 15 Framus Zenith model 17 acoustic guitar since he wanted to be able to sing while playing 26 He found it difficult to play guitar right handed but after noticing a poster advertising a Slim Whitman concert and realising that Whitman played left handed he reversed the order of the strings 27 McCartney wrote his first song I Lost My Little Girl on the Zenith and composed another early tune that would become When I m Sixty Four on the piano American rhythm and blues influenced him and Little Richard was his schoolboy idol Long Tall Sally was the first song McCartney performed in public at a Butlin s Filey holiday camp talent competition 28 Career1957 1960 The Quarrymen Main article The Quarrymen At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957 McCartney met John Lennon and his band the Quarrymen at the St Peter s Church Hall fete in Woolton 29 The Quarrymen played a mix of rock and roll and skiffle a type of popular music with jazz blues and folk influences 30 Soon afterwards the members of the band invited McCartney to join as a rhythm guitarist and he formed a close working relationship with Lennon Harrison joined in 1958 as lead guitarist followed by Lennon s art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe on bass in 1960 31 By May 1960 the band had tried several names including Johnny and the Moondogs Beatals and the Silver Beetles 32 They adopted the name the Beatles in August 1960 and recruited drummer Pete Best shortly before a five engagement residency in Hamburg 33 1960 1970 The Beatles Main article The Beatles McCartney in 1964 In 1961 Sutcliffe left the band and McCartney reluctantly became their bass player 34 While in Hamburg they recorded professionally for the first time and were credited as the Beat Brothers who were the backing band for English singer Tony Sheridan on the single My Bonnie 35 This resulted in attention from Brian Epstein who was a key figure in their subsequent development and success He became their manager in January 1962 36 Ringo Starr replaced Best in August and the band had their first hit Love Me Do in October becoming popular in the UK in 1963 and in the US a year later The fan hysteria became known as Beatlemania and the press sometimes referred to McCartney as the cute Beatle 37 nb 2 McCartney co wrote with Lennon several of their early hits including I Saw Her Standing There She Loves You I Want to Hold Your Hand 1963 and Can t Buy Me Love 1964 39 In August 1965 the Beatles released the McCartney composition Yesterday featuring a string quartet Included on the Help LP the song was the group s first recorded use of classical music elements and their first recording that involved only a single band member 40 Yesterday became one of the most covered songs in popular music history 41 Later that year during recording sessions for the album Rubber Soul McCartney began to supplant Lennon as the dominant musical force in the band Musicologist Ian MacDonald wrote from 1965 McCartney would be in the ascendant not only as a songwriter but also as instrumentalist arranger producer and de facto musical director of the Beatles 42 Critics described Rubber Soul as a significant advance in the refinement and profundity of the band s music and lyrics 43 Considered a high point in the Beatles catalogue both Lennon and McCartney said they had written the music for the song In My Life 44 McCartney said of the album we d had our cute period and now it was time to expand 45 Recording engineer Norman Smith stated that the Rubber Soul sessions exposed indications of increasing contention within the band the clash between John and Paul was becoming obvious and as far as Paul was concerned George Harrison could do no right Paul was absolutely finicky 46 In 1966 the Beatles released the album Revolver Featuring sophisticated lyrics studio experimentation and an expanded repertoire of musical genres ranging from innovative string arrangements to psychedelic rock the album marked an artistic leap for the Beatles 47 The first of three consecutive McCartney A sides the single Paperback Writer preceded the LP s release 48 The Beatles produced a short promotional film for the song and another for its B side Rain The films described by Harrison as the forerunner of videos aired on The Ed Sullivan Show and Top of the Pops in June 1966 49 Revolver also included McCartney s Eleanor Rigby which featured a string octet According to Gould the song is a neoclassical tour de force a true hybrid conforming to no recognizable style or genre of song 50 Except for some backing vocals the song included only McCartney s lead vocal and the strings arranged by producer George Martin 51 nb 3 McCartney centre with the rest of the Beatles in 1964 The band gave their final commercial concert at the end of their 1966 US tour 53 Later that year McCartney completed his first musical project independent of the group a film score for the UK production The Family Way The score was a collaboration with Martin who used two McCartney themes to write thirteen variations The soundtrack failed to chart but it won McCartney an Ivor Novello Award for Best Instrumental Theme 54 Upon the end of the Beatles performing career McCartney sensed unease in the band and wanted them to maintain creative productivity He pressed them to start a new project which became Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band widely regarded as rock s first concept album 55 McCartney was inspired to create a new persona for the group to serve as a vehicle for experimentation and to demonstrate to their fans that they had musically matured He invented the fictional band of the album s title track 56 As McCartney explained We were fed up with being the Beatles We really hated that fucking four little mop top approach We were not boys we were men and we thought of ourselves as artists rather than just performers 57 Starting in November 1966 the band adopted an experimental attitude during recording sessions for the album 58 Their recording of A Day in the Life required a forty piece orchestra which Martin and McCartney took turns conducting 59 The sessions produced the double A side single Strawberry Fields Forever Penny Lane in February 1967 and the LP followed in June 38 nb 4 Based on an ink drawing by McCartney the LP s cover included a collage designed by pop artists Peter Blake and Jann Haworth featuring the Beatles in costume as the Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band standing with a host of celebrities 61 The cover piqued a frenzy of analysis 62 After Brian died Paul took over and supposedly led us you know we went round in circles We broke up then That was the disintegration I thought we ve fuckin had it 63 John Lennon Rolling Stone magazine 1970 Epstein s death in August 1967 created a void which left the Beatles perplexed and concerned about their future 64 McCartney stepped in to fill that void and gradually became the de facto leader and business manager of the group that Lennon had once led 65 In his first creative suggestion after this change of leadership McCartney proposed that the band move forward on their plans to produce a film for television which was to become Magical Mystery Tour According to Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn the project was an administrative nightmare throughout 66 McCartney largely directed the film which brought the group their first unfavourable critical response 67 However the film s soundtrack was more successful It was released in the UK as a six track double extended play disc EP and as an identically titled LP in the US filled out with five songs from the band s recent singles 38 The only Capitol compilation later included in the group s official canon of studio albums the Magical Mystery Tour LP achieved 8 million in sales within three weeks of its release higher initial sales than any other Capitol LP up to that point 68 The Beatles animated film Yellow Submarine loosely based on the imaginary world evoked by McCartney s 1966 composition premiered in July 1968 Though critics admired the film for its visual style humour and music the soundtrack album issued six months later received a less enthusiastic response 69 By late 1968 relations within the band were deteriorating The tension grew during the recording of their eponymous double album also known as the White Album 70 nb 5 Matters worsened the following year during the Let It Be sessions when a camera crew filmed McCartney lecturing the group We ve been very negative since Mr Epstein passed away we were always fighting his discipline a bit but it s silly to fight that discipline if it s our own 72 In March 1969 McCartney married his first wife Linda Eastman and in August the couple had their first child Mary named after his late mother 73 Abbey Road was the band s last recorded album and Martin suggested a continuously moving piece of music urging the group to think symphonically 74 McCartney agreed but Lennon did not They eventually compromised agreeing to McCartney s suggestion an LP featuring individual songs on side one and a long medley on side two 74 In October 1969 a rumour surfaced that McCartney had died in a car crash in 1966 and was replaced by a lookalike but this was quickly refuted when a November Life magazine cover featured him and his family accompanied by the caption Paul is still with us 75 John Lennon privately left the Beatles in September 1969 though agreed not to go public with the information to not jeopardise ongoing business negotiations McCartney was in the midst of business disagreements with his bandmates largely concerning Allen Klein s management of the group when he announced his own departure from the group on 10 April 1970 76 He filed a suit for the band s formal dissolution on 31 December 1970 and in March 1971 the court appointed a receiver to oversee the finances of the Beatles company Apple Corps An English court legally dissolved the Beatles partnership on 9 January 1975 though sporadic lawsuits against their record company EMI Klein and each other persisted until 1989 65 nb 6 nb 7 1970 1981 Wings Main article Wings band I didn t really want to keep going as a solo artist so it became obvious that I had to get a band together Linda and I talked it through and it was like Yeah but let s not put together a supergroup let s go back to square one 81 McCartney As the Beatles were breaking up in 1969 70 McCartney fell into a depression His wife helped him pull out of that condition by praising his work as a songwriter and convincing him to continue writing and recording In her honour he wrote Maybe I m Amazed explaining that with the Beatles breaking up that was my feeling Maybe I m amazed at what s going on Maybe I m a man and maybe you re the only woman who could ever help me Baby won t you help me understand Maybe I m amazed at the way you pulled me out of time hung me on the line Maybe I m amazed at the way I really need you He added that every love song I write is for Linda 82 83 In 1970 McCartney continued his musical career with his first solo release McCartney a US number one album Apart from some vocal contributions from Linda McCartney is a one man album with McCartney providing compositions instrumentation and vocals 84 nb 8 In 1971 he collaborated with Linda and drummer Denny Seiwell on a second album Ram A UK number one and a US top five Ram included the co written US number one hit single Uncle Albert Admiral Halsey 86 Later that year ex Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine joined the McCartneys and Seiwell to form the band Wings McCartney had this to say on the group s formation Wings were always a difficult idea any group having to follow the Beatles success would have a hard job I found myself in that very position However it was a choice between going on or finishing and I loved music too much to think of stopping 87 nb 9 In September 1971 the McCartneys daughter Stella was born named in honour of Linda s grandmothers both of whom were named Stella 89 Following the addition of guitarist Henry McCullough Wings first concert tour began in 1972 with a debut performance in front of an audience of seven hundred at the University of Nottingham Ten more gigs followed as they travelled across the UK in a van during an unannounced tour of universities during which the band stayed in modest accommodation and received pay in coinage collected from students while avoiding Beatles songs during their performances 90 McCartney later said The main thing I didn t want was to come on stage faced with the whole torment of five rows of press people with little pads all looking at me and saying Oh well he is not as good as he was So we decided to go out on that university tour which made me less nervous by the end of that tour I felt ready for something else so we went into Europe 91 During the seven week 25 show Wings Over Europe Tour the band played almost solely Wings and McCartney solo material the Little Richard cover Long Tall Sally was the only song that the Beatles had previously recorded McCartney wanted the tour to avoid large venues most of the small halls they played had capacities of fewer than 3 000 people 92 In March 1973 Wings achieved their first US number one single My Love included on their second LP Red Rose Speedway a US number one and UK top five 93 nb 10 McCartney s collaboration with Linda and former Beatles producer Martin resulted in the song Live and Let Die which was the theme song for the James Bond film of the same name Nominated for an Academy Award the song reached number two in the US and number nine in the UK It also earned Martin a Grammy for his orchestral arrangement 94 Music professor and author Vincent Benitez described the track as symphonic rock at its best 95 nb 11 McCartney performing with wife Linda in 1976 After the departure of McCullough and Seiwell in 1973 the McCartneys and Laine recorded Band on the Run The album was the first of seven platinum Wings LPs 97 It was a US and UK number one the band s first to top the charts in both countries and the first ever to reach Billboard magazine s charts on three separate occasions One of the best selling releases of the decade it remained on the UK charts for 124 weeks Rolling Stone named it one of the Best Albums of the Year for 1973 and in 1975 Paul McCartney and Wings won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance for the song Band on the Run and Geoff Emerick won the Grammy for Best Engineered Recording for the album 98 nb 12 In 1974 Wings achieved a second US number one single with the title track 100 The album also included the top ten hits Jet and Helen Wheels and earned the 418th spot on Rolling Stone s list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time 101 In 1974 McCartney hired guitarist Jimmy McCulloch and drummer Geoff Britton to replace McCullough and Seiwell Britton subsequently quit during recording sessions in 1975 and was replaced by Joe English 102 Wings followed Band on the Run with the chart topping albums Venus and Mars 1975 and Wings at the Speed of Sound 1976 103 nb 13 In 1975 they began the fourteen month Wings Over the World Tour which included stops in the UK Australia Europe and the US The tour marked the first time McCartney performed Beatles songs live with Wings with five in the two hour set list I ve Just Seen a Face Yesterday Blackbird Lady Madonna and The Long and Winding Road 105 Following the second European leg of the tour and extensive rehearsals in London the group undertook an ambitious US arena tour that yielded the US number one live triple LP Wings over America 106 In September 1977 the McCartneys had a third child a son they named James In November the Wings song Mull of Kintyre co written with Laine was quickly becoming one of the best selling singles in UK chart history 107 The most successful single of McCartney s solo career it achieved double the sales of the previous record holder She Loves You and went on to sell 2 5 million copies and hold the UK sales record until the 1984 charity single Do They Know It s Christmas 108 nb 14 McCartney at Amsterdam s Schiphol Airport January 1980 London Town 1978 spawned a US number one single With a Little Luck and continued Wings string of commercial successes making the top five in both the US and the UK Critical reception was unfavourable and McCartney expressed disappointment with the album 110 nb 15 Back to the Egg 1979 featured McCartney s assemblage of a rock supergroup dubbed Rockestra on two tracks The band included Wings along with Pete Townshend David Gilmour Gary Brooker John Paul Jones John Bonham and others Though certified platinum critics panned the album 112 Wings completed their final concert tour in 1979 with twenty shows in the UK that included the live debut of the Beatles songs Got to Get You into My Life The Fool on the Hill and Let It Be 113 In 1980 McCartney released his second solo LP the self produced McCartney II which peaked at number one in the UK and number three in the US As with his first album he composed and performed it alone 114 The album contained the song Coming Up the live version of which recorded in Glasgow Scotland in 1979 by Wings became the group s last number one hit 115 By 1981 McCartney felt he had accomplished all he could creatively with Wings and decided he needed a change The group discontinued in April 1981 after Laine quit following disagreements over royalties and salaries 116 nb 16 nb 17 1982 1990 In 1982 McCartney collaborated with Stevie Wonder on the Martin produced number one hit Ebony and Ivory included on McCartney s Tug of War LP and with Michael Jackson on The Girl Is Mine from Thriller 120 nb 18 Ebony and Ivory was McCartney s record 28th single to hit number one on the Billboard 100 122 The following year he and Jackson worked on Say Say Say McCartney s most recent US number one as of 2014 update McCartney earned his latest UK number one as of 2014 update with the title track of his LP release that year Pipes of Peace 123 nb 19 In 1984 McCartney starred in the musical Give My Regards to Broad Street a feature film he also wrote and produced which included Starr in an acting role It was disparaged by critics Variety described the film as characterless bloodless and pointless 125 while Roger Ebert awarded it a single star writing you can safely skip the movie and proceed directly to the soundtrack 126 The album fared much better reaching number one in the UK and producing the US top ten hit single No More Lonely Nights featuring David Gilmour on lead guitar 127 In 1985 Warner Brothers commissioned McCartney to write a song for the comedic feature film Spies Like Us He composed and recorded the track in four days with Phil Ramone co producing 128 nb 20 McCartney participated in Live Aid performing Let it Be but technical difficulties rendered his vocals and piano barely audible for the first two verses punctuated by squeals of feedback Equipment technicians resolved the problems and David Bowie Alison Moyet Pete Townshend and Bob Geldof joined McCartney on stage receiving an enthusiastic crowd reaction 130 McCartney collaborated with Eric Stewart on Press to Play 1986 with Stewart co writing more than half the songs on the LP 131 nb 21 In 1988 McCartney released Snova v SSSR initially available only in the Soviet Union which contained eighteen covers recorded over the course of two days 133 In 1989 he joined forces with fellow Merseysiders Gerry Marsden and Holly Johnson to record an updated version of Ferry Cross the Mersey for the Hillsborough disaster appeal fund 134 nb 22 That same year he released Flowers in the Dirt a collaborative effort with Elvis Costello that included musical contributions from Gilmour and Nicky Hopkins 136 nb 23 McCartney then formed a band consisting of himself and Linda with Hamish Stuart and Robbie McIntosh on guitars Paul Wix Wickens on keyboards and Chris Whitten on drums 138 In September 1989 they launched the Paul McCartney World Tour his first in over a decade During the tour McCartney performed for the largest paying stadium audience in history on 21 April 1990 when 184 000 people attended his concert at Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro Brazil 139 That year he released the triple album Tripping the Live Fantastic which contained selected performances from the tour 140 nb 24 nb 25 1991 1999 McCartney ventured into orchestral music in 1991 when the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society commissioned a musical piece by him to celebrate its sesquicentennial He collaborated with composer Carl Davis producing Liverpool Oratorio The performance featured opera singers Kiri Te Kanawa Sally Burgess Jerry Hadley and Willard White with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and the choir of Liverpool Cathedral 143 Reviews were negative The Guardian was especially critical describing the music as afraid of anything approaching a fast tempo and adding that the piece has little awareness of the need for recurrent ideas that will bind the work into a whole 144 The paper published a letter McCartney submitted in response in which he noted several of the work s faster tempos and added happily history shows that many good pieces of music were not liked by the critics of the time so I am content to let people judge for themselves the merits of the work 144 The New York Times was slightly more generous stating There are moments of beauty and pleasure in this dramatic miscellany the music s innocent sincerity makes it difficult to be put off by its ambitions 145 Performed around the world after its London premiere the Liverpool Oratorio reached number one on the UK classical chart Music Week 146 In 1991 McCartney performed a selection of acoustic only songs on MTV Unplugged and released a live album of the performance titled Unplugged The Official Bootleg 147 nb 26 During the 1990s McCartney collaborated twice with Youth of Killing Joke as the musical duo the Fireman The two released their first electronica album together Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest in 1993 149 McCartney released the rock album Off the Ground in 1993 150 nb 27 The subsequent New World Tour followed which led to the release of the Paul Is Live album later that year 152 nb 28 nb 29 Starting in 1994 McCartney took a four year break from his solo career to work on Apple s Beatles Anthology project with Harrison Starr and Martin He recorded a radio series called Oobu Joobu in 1995 for the American network Westwood One which he described as widescreen radio 156 Also in 1995 Prince Charles presented him with an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Music kind of amazing for somebody who doesn t read a note of music commented McCartney 157 In 1997 McCartney released the rock album Flaming Pie Starr appeared on drums and backing vocals in Beautiful Night 158 nb 30 Later that year he released the classical work Standing Stone which topped the UK and US classical charts 160 In 1998 he released Rushes the second electronica album by the Fireman 161 In 1999 McCartney released Run Devil Run 162 nb 31 Recorded in one week and featuring Ian Paice and David Gilmour it was primarily an album of covers with three McCartney originals He had been planning such an album for years having been previously encouraged to do so by Linda who had died of cancer in April 1998 163 McCartney did an unannounced performance at the benefit tribute Concert for Linda his wife of 29 years who died a year earlier It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 10 April 1999 and was organised by two of her close friends Chrissie Hynde and Carla Lane Also during 1999 he continued his experimentation with orchestral music on Working Classical 164 2000 2009 In 2000 he released the electronica album Liverpool Sound Collage with Super Furry Animals and Youth using the sound collage and musique concrete techniques that had fascinated him in the mid 1960s 165 He contributed the song Nova to a tribute album of classical choral music called A Garland for Linda 2000 dedicated to his late wife 166 Having witnessed the September 11 attacks from the JFK airport tarmac McCartney was inspired to take a leading role in organising the Concert for New York City His studio album release in November that year Driving Rain included the song Freedom written in response to the attacks 167 nb 32 The following year McCartney went out on tour with a new band that included guitarists Rusty Anderson and Brian Ray accompanied by Paul Wix Wickens on keyboards and Abe Laboriel Jr on drums 169 They began the Driving World Tour in April 2002 which included stops in the US Mexico and Japan The tour resulted in the double live album Back in the US released internationally in 2003 as Back in the World 170 nb 33 nb 34 The tour earned a reported 126 2 million an average of over 2 million per night and Billboard named it the top tour of the year 172 The group continues to play together McCartney has played live with Ray Anderson Laboriel and Wickens longer than he played live with the Beatles or Wings 173 In July 2002 McCartney married Heather Mills In November on the first anniversary of George Harrison s death McCartney performed at the Concert for George 174 He participated in the National Football League s Super Bowl performing Freedom during the pre game show for Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002 and headlining the halftime show at Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005 175 The English College of Arms honoured McCartney in 2002 by granting him a coat of arms His crest featuring a Liver bird holding an acoustic guitar in its claw reflects his background in Liverpool and his musical career The shield includes four curved emblems which resemble beetles backs The arms motto is Ecce Cor Meum Latin for Behold My Heart 176 In 2003 the McCartneys had a child Beatrice Milly 177 In July 2005 he performed at the Live 8 event in Hyde Park London opening the show with Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band with U2 and closing it with Drive My Car with George Michael Helter Skelter and The Long and Winding Road 178 nb 35 In September he released the rock album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard for which he provided most of the instrumentation 180 nb 36 nb 37 In 2006 McCartney released the classical work Ecce Cor Meum 183 nb 38 The rock album Memory Almost Full followed in 2007 184 nb 39 In 2008 he released his third Fireman album Electric Arguments 186 nb 40 Also in 2008 he performed at a concert in Liverpool to celebrate the city s year as European Capital of Culture In 2009 after a four year break he returned to touring and has since performed over 80 shows 188 More than forty five years after the Beatles first appeared on American television during The Ed Sullivan Show he returned to the same New York theatre to perform on Late Show with David Letterman 189 On 9 September 2009 EMI reissued the Beatles catalogue following a four year digital remastering effort releasing a music video game called The Beatles Rock Band the same day 190 McCartney s enduring fame has made him a popular choice to open new venues In 2009 he performed three sold out concerts at the newly built Citi Field a venue constructed to replace Shea Stadium in Queens New York These performances yielded the double live album Good Evening New York City later that year 191 2010 present McCartney live in Dublin 2010 In 2010 McCartney opened the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania it was his first concert in Pittsburgh since 1990 due to the old Civic Arena being deemed unsuitable for McCartney s logistical needs 192 nb 41 In July 2011 McCartney performed at two sold out concerts at the new Yankee Stadium A New York Times review of the first concert reported that McCartney was not saying goodbye but touring stadiums and playing marathon concerts 194 McCartney was commissioned by the New York City Ballet and in September 2011 he released his first score for dance a collaboration with Peter Martins called Ocean s Kingdom 195 Also in 2011 McCartney married Nancy Shevell 196 He released Kisses on the Bottom a collection of standards in February 2012 the same month that the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences honoured him as the MusiCares Person of the Year two days prior to his performance at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards 197 McCartney remains one of the world s top draws He played to over 100 000 people during two performances in Mexico City in May with the shows grossing nearly 6 million 198 nb 42 In June 2012 McCartney closed Queen Elizabeth s Diamond Jubilee Concert held outside Buckingham Palace performing a set that included Let It Be and Live and Let Die 200 He closed the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London on 27 July singing The End and Hey Jude and inviting the audience to join in on the coda 201 Having donated his time he received 1 from the Olympic organisers 202 On 12 December 2012 McCartney performed with three former members of Nirvana Krist Novoselic Dave Grohl and guest member Pat Smear during the closing act of 12 12 12 The Concert for Sandy Relief seen by approximately two billion people worldwide 203 On 28 August 2013 McCartney released the title track of his upcoming studio album New which came out in October 2013 204 A primetime entertainment special was taped on 27 January 2014 at the Ed Sullivan Theater with a 9 February 2014 CBS airing The show featured McCartney and Ringo Starr and celebrated the legacy of the Beatles and their groundbreaking 1964 performance on The Ed Sullivan Show The show titled The Night That Changed America A Grammy Salute to The Beatles featured 22 classic Beatles songs as performed by various artists including McCartney and Starr 205 In May 2014 McCartney cancelled a sold out tour of Japan and postponed a US tour to October due to begin that month after he contracted a virus 206 He resumed the tour with a high energy three hour appearance in Albany New York on 5 July 2014 207 On 14 August 2014 McCartney performed in the final concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco California before its demolition this was the same venue at which the Beatles played their final concert in 1966 208 In 2014 McCartney wrote and performed Hope for the Future the ending song for the video game Destiny 209 210 In November 2014 a 42 song tribute album titled The Art of McCartney was released which features a wide range of artists covering McCartney s solo and Beatles work 211 Also that year McCartney collaborated with American rapper Kanye West on the single Only One released on 31 December 212 In January 2015 McCartney collaborated with West and Barbadian singer Rihanna on the single FourFiveSeconds 213 They released a music video for the song in January 214 and performed it live at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards on 8 February 2015 215 McCartney featured on West s 2015 single All Day which also features Theophilus London and Allan Kingdom 216 McCartney live in Sao Paulo Brazil 2019 In February 2015 McCartney performed with Paul Simon for the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special McCartney and Simon performed the first verse of I ve Just Seen a Face on acoustic guitars and McCartney later performed Maybe I m Amazed 217 McCartney shared lead vocals on the Alice Cooper led Hollywood Vampires supergroup s cover of his song Come and Get It which appears on their debut album released on 11 September 2015 218 On 10 June 2016 McCartney released the career spanning collection Pure McCartney 219 The set includes songs from throughout McCartney s solo career and his work with Wings and the Fireman and is available in three different formats 2 CD 4 CD 4 LP and Digital The 4 CD version includes 67 tracks most of which were top 40 hits 220 221 McCartney appeared in the 2017 adventure film Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Men Tell No Tales in a cameo role as Uncle Jack 222 In January 2017 McCartney filed a suit in United States district court against Sony ATV Music Publishing seeking to reclaim ownership of his share of the Lennon McCartney song catalogue beginning in 2018 Under US copyright law for works published before 1978 the author can reclaim copyrights assigned to a publisher after 56 years 223 224 McCartney and Sony agreed to a confidential settlement in June 2017 225 226 On 20 June 2018 McCartney released I Don t Know and Come On to Me from his album Egypt Station which was released on 7 September through Capitol Records 227 Egypt Station became McCartney s first album in 36 years to top the Billboard 200 and his first to debut at number one 228 On 26 July 2018 McCartney played at The Cavern Club with his regular band of Anderson Ray Wickens and Abe Laboriel Jr The gig was filmed and later broadcast by BBC on Christmas Day 2020 as Paul McCartney at the Cavern Club 229 230 McCartney s 18th solo album McCartney III was released on 18 December 2020 via Capitol Records 231 232 An album of reinterpretations remixes and covers titled McCartney III Imagined was released on 16 April 2021 233 McCartney s book The Lyrics 1956 to the Present was released in November 2021 Described as a self portrait in 154 songs the book is based on conversations McCartney had with the Irish poet Paul Muldoon 234 The Lyrics was named Book of the Year by both Barnes amp Noble and Waterstones 235 236 McCartney s Got Back tour ran from 28 April 2022 to 16 June 2022 in the United States his first in the country since 2019 237 The tour concluded on 25 June 2022 when McCartney headlined Glastonbury Festival a week after his 80th birthday Performing on the Pyramid Stage he became the oldest solo headliner at the festival 238 239 Special guests were Dave Grohl and Bruce Springsteen 240 241 In 2022 he received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series at the 74th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards as a producer for the documentary The Beatles Get Back 242 MusicianshipMcCartney is a largely self taught musician and his approach was described by musicologist Ian MacDonald as by nature drawn to music s formal aspects yet wholly untutored he produced technically finished work almost entirely by instinct his harmonic judgement based mainly on perfect pitch and an acute pair of ears A natural melodist a creator of tunes capable of existing apart from their harmony 243 McCartney likened his approach to the primitive cave artists who drew without training 244 Early influences The Messiah has arrived 245 McCartney on Presley The Beatles Anthology 2000 McCartney s earliest musical influences include Elvis Presley Little Richard Buddy Holly Carl Perkins and Chuck Berry 246 When asked why the Beatles did not include Presley on the Sgt Pepper cover McCartney replied Elvis was too important and too far above the rest even to mention so we didn t put him on the list because he was more than merely a pop singer he was Elvis the King 247 McCartney stated that for his bassline for I Saw Her Standing There he directly quoted Berry s I m Talking About You 248 McCartney called Little Richard an idol whose falsetto vocalisations inspired McCartney s own vocal technique 249 McCartney said he wrote I m Down as a vehicle for his Little Richard impersonation 250 In 1971 McCartney bought the publishing rights to Holly s catalogue and in 1976 on the fortieth anniversary of Holly s birth McCartney inaugurated the annual Buddy Holly Week in England The festival has included guest performances by famous musicians songwriting competitions drawing contests and special events featuring performances by the Crickets 251 Bass guitar McCartney using a Hofner 500 1 bass in 2016 Best known for primarily using a plectrum or pick McCartney occasionally plays fingerstyle 252 He was strongly influenced by Motown artists in particular James Jamerson whom McCartney called a hero for his melodic style He was also influenced by Brian Wilson as he commented because he went to very unusual places 253 Another favourite bassist of his is Stanley Clarke 254 McCartney s skill as a bass player has been acknowledged by bassists including Sting Dr Dre bassist Mike Elizondo and Colin Moulding of XTC 255 Paul is one of the most innovative bass players half the stuff that s going on now is directly ripped off from his Beatles period He s an egomaniac about everything else but his bass playing he d always been a bit coy about 256 Lennon Playboy magazine published in January 1981 During McCartney s early years with the Beatles he primarily used a Hofner 500 1 bass although from 1965 he favoured his Rickenbacker 4001S for recording While typically using Vox amplifiers by 1967 he had also begun using a Fender Bassman for amplification 257 During the late 1980s and early 1990s he used a Wal 5 String which he said made him play more thick sounding basslines in contrast to the much lighter Hofner which inspired him to play more sensitively something he considers fundamental to his playing style 258 He changed back to the Hofner around 1990 for that reason 258 He uses Mesa Boogie bass amplifiers while performing live 259 MacDonald identified She s a Woman as the turning point when McCartney s bass playing began to evolve dramatically and Beatles biographer Chris Ingham singled out Rubber Soul as the moment when McCartney s playing exhibited significant progress particularly on The Word 260 Bacon and Morgan agreed calling McCartney s groove on the track a high point in pop bass playing and the first proof on a recording of his serious technical ability on the instrument 261 MacDonald inferred the influence of James Brown s Papa s Got a Brand New Bag and Wilson Pickett s In the Midnight Hour American soul tracks from which McCartney absorbed elements and drew inspiration as he delivered his most spontaneous bass part to date 262 Bacon and Morgan described his bassline for the Beatles song Rain as an astonishing piece of playing McCartney thinking in terms of both rhythm and lead bass choosing the area of the neck he correctly perceives will give him clarity for melody without rendering his sound too thin for groove 263 MacDonald identified the influence of Indian classical music in exotic melismas in the bass part on Rain and described the playing as so inventive that it threatens to overwhelm the track 264 By contrast he recognised McCartney s bass part on the Harrison composed Something as creative but overly busy and too fussily extemporised 265 McCartney identified Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band as containing his strongest and most inventive bass playing particularly on Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds 266 Acoustic guitar If I couldn t have any other instrument I would have to have an acoustic guitar 267 McCartney Guitar Player July 1990 McCartney primarily flatpicks while playing acoustic guitar though he also uses elements of fingerpicking 267 Examples of his acoustic guitar playing on Beatles tracks include Yesterday Michelle Blackbird I Will Mother Nature s Son and Rocky Raccoon 268 McCartney singled out Blackbird as a personal favourite and described his technique for the guitar part in the following way I got my own little sort of cheating way of fingerpicking I m actually sort of pulling two strings at a time I was trying to emulate those folk players 267 He employed a similar technique for Jenny Wren 269 He played an Epiphone Texan on many of his acoustic recordings but also used a Martin D 28 270 Electric guitar Linda was a big fan of my guitar playing whereas I ve got my doubts I think there are proper guitar players and then there are guys like me who love playing it 271 McCartney Guitar Player July 1990 McCartney playing a Gibson Les Paul in concert 2009 McCartney played lead guitar on several Beatles recordings including what MacDonald described as a fiercely angular slide guitar solo on Drive My Car which McCartney played on an Epiphone Casino McCartney said of the instrument if I had to pick one electric guitar it would be this 272 McCartney bought the Casino in 1964 on the knowledge that the guitar s hollow body would produce more feedback He has retained that original guitar to the present day 273 He contributed what MacDonald described as a startling guitar solo on the Harrison composition Taxman and the shrieking guitar on Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band and Helter Skelter MacDonald also praised McCartney s coruscating pseudo Indian guitar solo on Good Morning Good Morning 274 McCartney also played lead guitar on Another Girl 275 During his years with Wings McCartney tended to leave electric guitar work to other group members 276 though he played most of the lead guitar on Band on the Run 277 In 1990 when asked who his favourite guitar players were he included Eddie Van Halen Eric Clapton and David Gilmour stating but I still like Hendrix the best 267 He has primarily used a Gibson Les Paul for electric work particularly during live performances 259 In addition to these guitars McCartney is known to use and own a range of other electric guitars usually favouring the Fender Esquire and its subsequent incarnation the Fender Telecaster using the latter with a sunburst finish on Wings tours in the 1970s He also owns a rare Ampeg Dan Armstrong Plexi guitar the only left handed one known to be in existence which appeared in the Wings video for Helen Wheels 278 Vocals McCartney is known for his belting power versatility and wide tenor vocal range spanning over four octaves 279 280 He was ranked the 11th greatest singer of all time by Rolling Stone 281 voted the 8th greatest singer ever by NME readers 282 and number 10 by Music Radar readers in the list of the 30 greatest lead singers of all time 283 Over the years McCartney has been named a significant vocal influence by Chris Cornell 284 Billy Joel 285 Steven Tyler 286 Brad Delp 287 and Axl Rose 288 McCartney s vocals have crossed several music genres throughout his career On Call Me Back Again according to Benitez McCartney shines as a bluesy solo vocalist while MacDonald called I m Down a rock and roll classic that illustrates McCartney s vocal and stylistic versatility 289 MacDonald described Helter Skelter as an early attempt at heavy metal and Hey Jude as a pop rock hybrid pointing out McCartney s use of gospel style melismas in the song and his pseudo soul shrieking in the fade out 290 Benitez identified Hope of Deliverance and Put It There as examples of McCartney s folk music efforts while musicologist Walter Everett considered When I m Sixty Four and Honey Pie attempts at vaudeville 291 MacDonald praised the swinging beat of the Beatles twenty four bar blues song She s a Woman as the most extreme sound they had manufactured to date with McCartney s voice at the edge squeezed to the upper limit of his chest register and threatening to crack at any moment 292 MacDonald described I ve Got a Feeling as a raunchy mid tempo rocker with a robust and soulful vocal performance and Back in the U S S R as the last of the Beatles up tempo rockers McCartney s belting vocals among his best since Drive My Car recorded three years earlier 293 McCartney also teasingly tried out classical singing namely singing various renditions of Besame Mucho with the Beatles He continued experimenting with various musical and vocal styles throughout his post Beatles career 294 295 296 text source integrity Monkberry Moon Delight was described by Pitchfork s Jayson Greene as an absolutely unhinged vocal take Paul gulping and sobbing right next to your inner ear adding that it could be a latter day Tom Waits performance 297 Keyboards Paul McCartney performing in the East Room of the White House 2010 McCartney played piano on several Beatles songs including She s a Woman For No One A Day in the Life Hello Goodbye Lady Madonna Hey Jude Martha My Dear Let It Be and The Long and Winding Road 298 MacDonald considered the piano part in Lady Madonna as reminiscent of Fats Domino and Let It Be as having a gospel rhythm 299 MacDonald called McCartney s Mellotron intro on Strawberry Fields Forever an integral feature of the song s character 300 McCartney played a Moog synthesiser on the Beatles song Maxwell s Silver Hammer and the Wings track Loup 1st Indian on the Moon 301 Ingham described the Wings songs With a Little Luck and London Town as being full of the most sensitive pop synthesizer touches 302 Drums McCartney played drums on the Beatles songs Back in the U S S R Dear Prudence Martha My Dear Wild Honey Pie and The Ballad of John and Yoko 303 He also played all the drum parts on his albums McCartney McCartney II and McCartney III as well as on Wings Band on the Run and most of the drums on his solo LP Chaos and Creation in the Backyard 304 His other drumming contributions include Paul Jones rendition of And the Sun Will Shine 1968 305 Steve Miller Band s 1969 tracks Celebration Song and My Dark Hour 306 307 and Sunday Rain from the Foo Fighters 2017 album Concrete and Gold 308 Tape loops In the mid 1960s when visiting artist friend John Dunbar s flat in London McCartney brought tapes he had compiled at then girlfriend Jane Asher s home They included mixes of various songs musical pieces and comments made by McCartney that Dick James made into a demo for him 309 Heavily influenced by American avant garde musician John Cage McCartney made tape loops by recording voices guitars and bongos on a Brenell tape recorder and splicing the various loops He referred to the finished product as electronic symphonies 310 He reversed the tapes sped them up and slowed them down to create the desired effects some of which the Beatles later used on the songs Tomorrow Never Knows and The Fool on the Hill 311 Personal lifeCreative outlets While at school during the 1950s McCartney thrived at art assignments often earning top accolades for his visual work However his lack of discipline negatively affected his academic grades preventing him from earning admission to art college 312 During the 1960s he delved into the visual arts explored experimental cinema and regularly attended film theatrical and classical music performances His first contact with the London avant garde scene was through artist John Dunbar who introduced McCartney to art dealer Robert Fraser 313 At Fraser s flat he first learned about art appreciation and met Andy Warhol Claes Oldenburg Peter Blake and Richard Hamilton 314 McCartney later purchased works by Magritte whose painting of an apple had inspired the Apple Records logo 315 McCartney became involved in the renovation and publicising of the Indica Gallery in Mason s Yard London which Barry Miles had co founded and where Lennon first met Yoko Ono Miles also co founded International Times an underground paper that McCartney helped to start with direct financial support and by providing interviews to attract advertiser income Miles later wrote McCartney s official biography Many Years from Now 1997 316 McCartney became interested in painting after watching artist Willem de Kooning work in de Kooning s Long Island studio 317 McCartney took up painting in 1983 and he first exhibited his work in Siegen Germany in 1999 The 70 painting show featured portraits of Lennon Andy Warhol and David Bowie 318 Though initially reluctant to display his paintings publicly McCartney chose the gallery because events organiser Wolfgang Suttner showed genuine interest in McCartney s art 319 In September 2000 the first UK exhibition of McCartney s paintings opened featuring 500 canvases at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol England 320 In October 2000 McCartney s art debuted in his hometown of Liverpool McCartney said I ve been offered an exhibition of my paintings at the Walker Art Gallery where John and I used to spend many a pleasant afternoon So I m really excited about it I didn t tell anybody I painted for 15 years but now I m out of the closet 321 McCartney is lead patron of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts a school in the building formerly occupied by the Liverpool Institute for Boys 322 When McCartney was a child his mother read him poems and encouraged him to read books His father invited Paul and his brother Michael to solve crosswords with him to increase their word power as McCartney said 323 In 2001 McCartney published Blackbird Singing a volume of poems and lyrics to his songs for which he gave readings in Liverpool and New York City 324 In the foreword of the book he explains When I was a teenager I had an overwhelming desire to have a poem published in the school magazine I wrote something deep and meaningful which was promptly rejected and I suppose I have been trying to get my own back ever since 325 His first children s book was published by Faber amp Faber in 2005 High in the Clouds An Urban Furry Tail a collaboration with writer Philip Ardagh and animator Geoff Dunbar Featuring a squirrel whose woodland home is razed by developers it had been scripted and sketched by McCartney and Dunbar over several years as an animated film The Observer labelled it an anti capitalist children s book 326 In 2018 he wrote the children s book Hey Grandude together with illustrator Kathryn Durst which was published by Random House Books in September 2019 The book is about a grandpa and his three grandchildren with a magic compass on an adventure 327 A follow up titled Grandude s Green Submarine was released in September 2021 328 I think there s an urge in us to stop the terrible fleetingness of time Music Paintings Try and capture one bloody moment please 329 McCartney In 1981 McCartney asked Geoff Dunbar to direct a short animated film called Rupert and the Frog Song McCartney was the writer and producer and he also added some of the character voices 330 His song We All Stand Together from the film s soundtrack reached No 3 in the UK Singles Chart In 1992 he worked with Dunbar on an animated film about the work of French artist Honore Daumier which won them a BAFTA award 331 In 2004 they worked together on the animated short film Tropic Island Hum 332 The accompanying single Tropic Island Hum We All Stand Together reached number 21 in the UK 333 McCartney also produced and hosted The Real Buddy Holly Story a 1985 documentary featuring interviews with Keith Richards Phil and Don Everly the Holly family and others 334 In 1995 he made a guest appearance on the Simpsons episode Lisa the Vegetarian and directed a short documentary about the Grateful Dead 335 Business Since the Rich List began in 1989 McCartney has been the UK s wealthiest musician with an estimated fortune of 730 million in 2015 336 In addition to an interest in Apple Corps and MPL Communications an umbrella company for his business interests he owns a significant music publishing catalogue with access to over 25 000 copyrights including the publishing rights to the musicals Guys and Dolls A Chorus Line Annie and Grease 337 He earned 40 million in 2003 the highest income that year within media professions in the UK 338 This rose to 48 5 million by 2005 339 McCartney s 18 date On the Run Tour grossed 37 million in 2012 340 McCartney signed his first recording contract as a member of the Beatles with Parlophone Records an EMI subsidiary in June 1962 In the United States the Beatles recordings were distributed by EMI subsidiary Capitol Records The Beatles re signed with EMI for another nine years in 1967 After forming their own record label Apple Records in 1968 the Beatles recordings would be released through Apple although the masters were still owned by EMI 38 Following the break up of the Beatles McCartney s music continued to be released by Apple Records under the Beatles 1967 recording contract with EMI which ran until 1976 Following the formal dissolution of the Beatles partnership in 1975 McCartney re signed with EMI worldwide and Capitol in the US Canada and Japan acquiring ownership of his solo catalogue from EMI as part of the deal In 1979 McCartney signed with Columbia Records in the US and Canada reportedly receiving the industry s most lucrative recording contract to date while remaining with EMI for distribution throughout the rest of the world 341 As part of the deal CBS offered McCartney ownership of Frank Music publisher of the catalogue of American songwriter Frank Loesser McCartney s album sales were below CBS expectations and reportedly the company lost at least 9 million on the contract 342 McCartney returned to Capitol in the US in 1985 remaining with EMI until 2006 343 In 2007 McCartney signed with Hear Music becoming the label s first artist 344 He returned to Capitol for 2018 s Egypt Station In 1963 Dick James established Northern Songs to publish the songs of Lennon McCartney 345 McCartney initially owned 20 of Northern Songs which became 15 after a public stock offering in 1965 In 1969 James sold a controlling interest in Northern Songs to Lew Grade s Associated Television ATV after which McCartney and John Lennon sold their remaining shares although they remained under contract to ATV until 1973 In 1972 McCartney re signed with ATV for seven years in a joint publishing agreement between ATV and McCartney Music Since 1979 MPL Communications has published McCartney s songs McCartney and Yoko Ono attempted to purchase the Northern Songs catalogue in 1981 but Grade declined their offer Soon afterward ATV Music s parent company Associated Communications Corp was acquired in a takeover by businessman Robert Holmes a Court who later sold ATV Music to Michael Jackson in 1985 McCartney has criticised Jackson s purchase and handling of Northern Songs over the years In 1995 Jackson merged his catalogue with Sony for a reported 59 052 000 95 million establishing Sony ATV Music Publishing in which he retained half ownership 346 Northern Songs was formally dissolved in 1995 and absorbed into the Sony ATV catalogue 347 McCartney receives writers royalties which together are 33 1 3 percent of total commercial proceeds in the US and which vary elsewhere between 50 and 55 percent 348 Two of the Beatles earliest songs Love Me Do and P S I Love You were published by an EMI subsidiary Ardmore amp Beechwood before signing with James McCartney acquired their publishing rights from Ardmore in 1978 and they are the only two Beatles songs owned by MPL Communications 349 Drugs McCartney first used drugs in the Beatles Hamburg days when they often used Preludin to maintain their energy while performing for long periods 350 Bob Dylan introduced them to marijuana in a New York hotel room in 1964 McCartney recalls getting very high and giggling uncontrollably 351 His use of the drug soon became habitual and according to Miles McCartney wrote the lyrics another kind of mind in Got to Get You into My Life specifically as a reference to cannabis 352 During the filming of Help McCartney occasionally smoked a joint in the car on the way to the studio during filming and often forgot his lines 353 Director Richard Lester overheard two physically attractive women trying to persuade McCartney to use heroin but he refused 353 Introduced to cocaine by Robert Fraser McCartney used the drug regularly during the recording of Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band and for about a year in total but stopped because of his dislike of the unpleasant melancholy he felt afterwards 354 Initially reluctant to try LSD McCartney eventually did so in late 1966 and took his second acid trip in March 1967 with Lennon after a Sgt Pepper studio session 355 He later became the first Beatle to discuss the drug publicly declaring It opened my eyes and made me a better more honest more tolerant member of society 356 McCartney made his attitude about cannabis public in 1967 when he along with the other Beatles and Epstein added his name to a July advertisement in The Times which called for its legalisation the release of those imprisoned for possession and research into marijuana s medical uses 357 In 1972 a Swedish court fined McCartney 1 000 for cannabis possession Soon after Scottish police found marijuana plants growing on his farm leading to his 1973 conviction for illegal cultivation and a 100 fine As a result of his drug convictions the US government repeatedly denied him a visa until December 1973 358 Arrested again for marijuana possession in 1975 in Los Angeles Linda took the blame and the court soon dismissed the charges In January 1980 when Wings flew to Tokyo for a tour of Japan customs officials found approximately 8 ounces 230 g of cannabis in his luggage Years later McCartney said I don t know what possessed me to just stick this bloody great bag of grass in my suitcase Thinking back on it it almost makes me shudder 359 They arrested McCartney and brought him to a local jail while the Japanese government decided what to do After ten days they released and deported him without charge 360 In 1984 while McCartney was on holiday in Barbados authorities arrested him for possession of marijuana and fined him 200 361 Upon his return to England he stated that cannabis was less harmful than the legal substances alcohol tobacco and glue and that he had done no harm to anyone 362 In 1997 he spoke out in support of decriminalisation of cannabis People are smoking pot anyway and to make them criminals is wrong 313 McCartney quit cannabis in 2015 citing a desire to set a good example for his grandchildren 363 Vegetarianism and activism Vladimir Putin McCartney and his wife Heather Mills in Moscow Russia 2003 Since 1975 McCartney has been a vegetarian 364 365 He and his wife Linda were vegetarians for most of their 29 year marriage They decided to stop consuming meat after Paul saw lambs in a field as they were eating a meal of lamb Soon after the couple became outspoken animal rights activists 366 In his first interview after Linda s death he promised to continue working for animal rights and in 1999 he spent 3 000 000 to ensure Linda McCartney Foods remained free of genetically engineered ingredients 367 In 1995 he narrated the documentary Devour the Earth written by Tony Wardle 368 McCartney is a supporter of the animal rights organisation People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals He has appeared in the group s campaigns and in 2009 McCartney narrated a video for them titled Glass Walls which was harshly critical of slaughterhouses the meat industry and their effect on animal welfare 369 370 371 McCartney has also supported campaigns headed by the Humane Society of the United States Humane Society International World Animal Protection and the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation 372 373 Following McCartney s marriage to Mills he joined her in a campaign against land mines becoming a patron of Adopt A Minefield 374 In a 2003 meeting at the Kremlin with Vladimir Putin ahead of a concert in Red Square McCartney and Mills urged Russia to join the anti landmine campaign 375 In 2006 the McCartneys travelled to Prince Edward Island to raise international awareness of seal hunting The couple debated with Danny Williams Newfoundland s then Premier on Larry King Live stating that fishermen should stop hunting seals and start seal watching businesses instead 376 McCartney also supports the Make Poverty History campaign 377 McCartney has participated in several charity recordings and performances including the Concerts for the People of Kampuchea Ferry Aid Band Aid Live Aid Live 8 and the recording of Ferry Cross the Mersey 378 In 2004 he donated a song to an album to aid the US Campaign for Burma in support of Burmese Nobel Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi In 2008 he donated a song to Aid Still Required s CD organised as an effort to raise funds to assist with the recovery from the devastation caused in Southeast Asia by the 2004 tsunami 379 In 2009 McCartney wrote to Tenzin Gyatso the 14th Dalai Lama asking him why he was not a vegetarian As McCartney explained He wrote back very kindly saying my doctors tell me that I must eat meat And I wrote back again saying you know I don t think that s right I think he s now being told that he can get his protein somewhere else It just doesn t seem right the Dalai Lama on the one hand saying Hey guys don t harm sentient beings Oh and by the way I m having a steak 380 In 2012 McCartney joined the anti fracking campaign Artists Against Fracking 381 Save the Arctic is a campaign to protect the Arctic and an international outcry and a renewed focus concern on oil development in the Arctic attracting the support of more than five million people This includes McCartney Archbishop Desmond Tutu and 11 Nobel Peace Prize winners 382 383 In 2015 following British prime minister David Cameron s decision to give Members of Parliament a free vote on amending the law against fox hunting McCartney was quoted The people of Britain are behind this Tory government on many things but the vast majority of us will be against them if hunting is reintroduced It is cruel and unnecessary and will lose them support from ordinary people and animal lovers like myself 384 After the 2016 Orlando shooting McCartney expressed his solidarity for the victims during a concert in Berlin 385 During the COVID 19 pandemic McCartney called for Chinese wet markets which sell live animals including wild ones to be banned He expressed concern over both the health impacts of the practice as well as its cruelty to animals 386 McCartney is one of the 100 contributors to the book Dear NHS 100 Stories to Say Thank You of which all proceeds go to NHS Charities Together and The Lullaby Trust 387 Football McCartney has publicly professed support for Everton F C and has also shown favour for Liverpool F C 388 In 2008 he ended speculation about his allegiance when he said Here s the deal my father was born in Everton my family are officially Evertonians so if it comes down to a derby match or an FA Cup final between the two I would have to support Everton But after a concert at Wembley Arena I got a bit of a friendship with Kenny Dalglish who had been to the gig and I thought You know what I am just going to support them both because it s all Liverpool 389 Relationships Main article Personal relationships of Paul McCartney Girlfriends Dot Rhone McCartney s first serious girlfriend in Liverpool was Dorothy Dot Rhone whom he met at the Casbah club in 1959 390 According to Spitz Rhone felt that McCartney had a compulsion to control situations He often chose clothes and makeup for her encouraging her to grow her blonde hair to simulate Brigitte Bardot s hairstyle 391 and at least once insisting she have her hair restyled to disappointing effect 392 When McCartney first went to Hamburg with the Beatles he wrote to Rhone regularly and she accompanied Cynthia Lennon to Hamburg when they played there again in 1962 393 The couple had a two and a half year relationship and were due to marry until Rhone s miscarriage According to Spitz McCartney now free of obligation ended the engagement 394 Jane Asher McCartney first met British actress Jane Asher on 18 April 1963 when a photographer asked them to pose at a Beatles performance at the Royal Albert Hall in London 395 The two began a relationship and in November of that year he took up residence with Asher at her parents home at 57 Wimpole Street in Marylebone central London 396 They had lived there for more than two years before the couple moved to McCartney s own home in St John s Wood in March 1966 397 He wrote several songs while living with the Ashers including Yesterday And I Love Her You Won t See Me and I m Looking Through You the latter three having been inspired by their romance 398 They had a five year relationship and planned to marry but Asher broke off the engagement after she discovered he had become involved with Francie Schwartz 399 an American screenwriter who moved to London at age 23 thinking she could sell a script to the Beatles She met McCartney and he invited her to move into his London house where events ensued that possibly broke up his relationship with Asher 400 Wives Linda Eastman McCartney right with wife Linda in 1976 Linda Eastman was a music fan who once commented all my teen years were spent with an ear to the radio 401 At times she skipped school to see artists such as Fabian Bobby Darin and Chuck Berry 401 She became a popular photographer with several rock groups including the Jimi Hendrix Experience the Grateful Dead the Doors and the Beatles whom she first met at Shea Stadium in 1966 She commented It was John who interested me at the start He was my Beatle hero But when I met him the fascination faded fast and I found it was Paul I liked 402 The pair first became properly acquainted on 15 May 1967 at a Georgie Fame concert at The Bag O Nails club during her UK assignment to photograph rock musicians in London 403 As Paul remembers The night Linda and I met I spotted her across a crowded club and although I would normally have been nervous chatting her up I realised I had to Pushiness worked for me that night 404 Linda said this about their meeting I was quite shameless really I was with somebody else that night and I saw Paul at the other side of the room He looked so beautiful that I made up my mind I would have to pick him up 402 The pair married in March 1969 About their relationship Paul said We had a lot of fun together just the nature of how we aren t our favourite thing really is to just hang to have fun And Linda s very big on just following the moment 405 He added We were crazy We had a big argument the night before we got married and it was nearly called off it s miraculous that we made it But we did 406 After the break up of the Beatles the two collaborated musically and formed Wings in 1971 407 They faced derision from some fans and critics who questioned her inclusion She was nervous about performing with Paul who explained she conquered those nerves got on with it and was really gutsy 408 Paul defended her musical ability I taught Linda the basics of the keyboard She took a couple of lessons and learned some bluesy things she did very well and made it look easier than it was The critics would say She s not really playing or Look at her she s playing with one finger But what they didn t know is that sometimes she was playing a thing called a Minimoog which could only be played with one finger It was monophonic 408 He went on to say We thought we were in it for the fun it was just something we wanted to do so if we got it wrong big deal We didn t have to justify ourselves 408 Former Wings guitarist McCullough said of collaborating with Linda trying to get things together with a learner in the group didn t work as far as I was concerned 409 They had four children Linda s daughter Heather legally adopted by Paul Mary Stella and James and remained married until Linda s death from breast cancer at age 56 in 1998 410 After Linda died Paul said I got a counsellor because I knew that I would need some help He was great particularly in helping me get rid of my guilt about wishing I d been perfect all the time a real bugger But then I thought hang on a minute We re just human That was the beautiful thing about our marriage We were just a boyfriend and girlfriend having babies 411 Heather Mills In 2002 McCartney married Heather Mills a former model and anti landmine campaigner 412 In 2003 the couple had a child Beatrice Milly named in honour of Mills s late mother and one of McCartney s aunts 177 They separated in April 2006 and divorced acrimoniously in March 2008 413 In 2004 he commented on media animosity toward his partners the British public didn t like me giving up on Jane Asher I married Linda a New York divorcee with a child and at the time they didn t like that 414 Nancy Shevell McCartney married New Yorker Nancy Shevell in a civil ceremony at Marylebone Town Hall London on 9 October 2011 The wedding was a modest event attended by a group of about 30 relatives and friends 196 The couple had been together since November 2007 415 Shevell is vice president of a family owned transportation conglomerate which owns New England Motor Freight 416 She is a former member of the board of the New York area s Metropolitan Transportation Authority 417 Shevell is about 18 years younger than McCartney 418 They had known each other for about 20 years prior to marrying having met because both had homes in the Hamptons 418 Beatles This section is about social and other general interactions For creative collaborations see Collaborations between ex Beatles John Lennon McCartney right with John Lennon in 1964 Though McCartney had a strained relationship with Lennon they briefly became close again in early 1974 and played music together on one occasion 419 In later years the two grew apart 420 McCartney often phoned Lennon but was apprehensive about the reception he would receive During one call Lennon told him You re all pizza and fairytales 421 In an effort to avoid talking only about business they often spoke of cats babies or baking bread 422 On 24 April 1976 McCartney and Lennon were watching an episode of Saturday Night Live at Lennon s home in the Dakota when Lorne Michaels made a 3 000 cash offer for the Beatles to reunite While they seriously considered going to the SNL studio a few blocks away they decided it was too late This was their last time together 423 VH1 fictionalised this event in the 2000 television film Two of Us 424 McCartney s last telephone call to Lennon days before Lennon and Ono released Double Fantasy was friendly It is a consoling factor for me because I do feel it was sad that we never actually sat down and straightened our differences out But fortunately for me the last phone conversation I ever had with him was really great and we didn t have any kind of blow up he said 425 Reaction to Lennon s murder Main article Murder of John Lennon John is kinda like a constant always there in my being in my soul so I always think of him 426 McCartney Guitar World January 2000 On 9 December 1980 McCartney followed the news that Lennon had been murdered the previous night Lennon s death created a media frenzy around the surviving members of the band 427 McCartney was leaving an Oxford Street recording studio that evening when he was surrounded by reporters who asked him for his reaction he responded It s a drag The press quickly criticised him for what appeared to be a superficial response 428 He later explained When John was killed somebody stuck a microphone at me and said What do you think about it I said It s a dra a ag and meant it with every inch of melancholy I could muster When you put that in print it says McCartney in London today when asked for a comment on his dead friend said It s a drag It seemed a very flippant comment to make 428 He described his first exchange with Ono after the murder and his last conversation with Lennon I talked to Yoko the day after he was killed and the first thing she said was John was really fond of you The last telephone conversation I had with him we were still the best of mates He was always a very warm guy John His bluff was all on the surface He used to take his glasses down those granny glasses and say it s only me They were like a wall you know A shield Those are the moments I treasure 428 In 1983 McCartney said I would not have been as typically human and standoffish as I was if I knew John was going to die I would have made more of an effort to try and get behind his mask and have a better relationship with him 428 He said that he went home that night watched the news on television with his children and cried most of the evening In 1997 he said that Lennon s death made the remaining ex Beatles nervous that they might also be murdered 429 He told Mojo magazine in 2002 that Lennon was his greatest hero 430 In 1981 McCartney sang backup on Harrison s tribute to Lennon All Those Years Ago which featured Starr on drums 431 McCartney released Here Today in 1982 a song Everett described as a haunting tribute to McCartney s friendship with Lennon 432 George Harrison McCartney and Harrison in 1963 Discussing his relationship with McCartney Harrison said Paul would always help along when you d done his ten songs then when he got round to doing one of my songs he would help It was silly It was very selfish actually There were a lot of tracks though where I played bass because what Paul would do if he d written a song he d learn all the parts for Paul and then come in the studio and say sometimes he was very difficult Do this He d never give you the opportunity to come out with something 433 After Harrison s death in November 2001 McCartney said he was a lovely guy and a very brave man who had a wonderful sense of humour He went on to say We grew up together and we just had so many beautiful times together that s what I am going to remember I ll always love him he s my baby brother 434 On the first anniversary of his death McCartney played Harrison s Something on a ukulele at the Concert for George he would perform this rendition of the song on many subsequent solo tours 435 He also performed For You Blue and All Things Must Pass and played the piano on Eric Clapton s rendition of While My Guitar Gently Weeps 436 Ringo Starr During a recording session for The Beatles in 1968 the two got into an argument over McCartney s critique of Starr s drum part for Back in the U S S R which contributed to Starr temporarily leaving the band 437 Starr later commented on working with McCartney Paul is the greatest bass player in the world But he is also very determined to get his own way thus musical disagreements inevitably arose from time to time 438 McCartney and Starr in 1965McCartney and Starr collaborated on several post Beatles projects starting in 1973 when McCartney contributed instrumentation and backing vocals for Six O Clock a song McCartney wrote for Starr s album Ringo 439 McCartney played a kazoo solo on You re Sixteen from the same album 440 Starr appeared as a fictional version of himself in McCartney s 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street and played drums on most tracks of the soundtrack album which includes re recordings of several McCartney penned Beatles songs Starr played drums and sang backing vocals on Beautiful Night from McCartney s 1997 album Flaming Pie The pair collaborated again in 1998 on Starr s Vertical Man which featured McCartney s backing vocals on three songs and instrumentation on one 441 In 2009 the pair performed With a Little Help from My Friends at a benefit concert for the David Lynch Foundation 442 They collaborated on Starr s album Y Not in 2010 McCartney played bass on Peace Dream and sang a duet with Starr on Walk with You 443 On 7 July 2010 Starr was performing at Radio City Music Hall in New York with his All Starr Band in a concert celebrating his seventieth birthday After the encores McCartney made a surprise appearance performing the Beatles song Birthday with Starr s band 444 On 26 January 2014 McCartney and Starr performed Queenie Eye from McCartney s new album New at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards 445 McCartney inducted Starr into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2015 and played bass on his 2017 album Give More Love On 16 December 2018 Starr and Ronnie Wood joined McCartney onstage to perform Get Back at his concert at London s O2 Arena Starr also made an appearance on the final day of McCartney s Freshen Up tour in July 2019 performing Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band Reprise and Helter Skelter 446 LegacyAchievements McCartney was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and again as a solo artist in 1999 In 1979 the Guinness Book of World Records recognised McCartney as the most honored composer and performer in music with 60 gold discs 43 with the Beatles 17 with Wings and as a member of the Beatles sales of over 100 million singles and 100 million albums and as the most successful song writer he wrote jointly or solo 43 songs which sold one million or more records between 1962 and 1978 447 In 2009 Guinness World Records again recognised McCartney as the most successful songwriter having written or co written 188 charted records in the United Kingdom of which 91 reached the top 10 and 33 made it to number one 448 Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder perform Ebony and Ivory at a concert at the White House in 2010 McCartney has written or co written 32 number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 twenty with the Beatles seven solo or with Wings one as a co writer of A World Without Love a number one single for Peter and Gordon one as a co writer on Elton John s cover of Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds one as a co writer on Stars on 45 s Medley one as a co writer with Michael Jackson on Say Say Say and one as writer on Ebony and Ivory performed with Stevie Wonder 449 As of 2009 update he has 15 5 million RIAA certified units in the United States as a solo artist plus another 10 million with Wings 450 Credited with more number ones in the UK than any other artist McCartney has participated in twenty four chart topping singles seventeen with the Beatles one solo and one each with Wings Stevie Wonder Ferry Aid Band Aid Band Aid 20 and The Christians et al 451 nb 43 He is the only artist to reach the UK number one as a soloist Pipes of Peace duo Ebony and Ivory with Wonder trio Mull of Kintyre Wings quartet She Loves You the Beatles quintet Get Back the Beatles with Billy Preston and as part of a musical ensemble for charity Ferry Aid 453 Yesterday is one of the most covered songs in history with more than 2 200 recorded versions and according to the BBC the track is the only one by a UK writer to have been aired more than seven million times on American TV and radio and is third in the all time list and is the most played song by a British writer last century in the US 454 His 1968 Beatles composition Hey Jude achieved the highest sales in the UK that year and topped the US charts for nine weeks which is longer than any other Beatles single It was also the longest single released by the band and at seven minutes eleven seconds was at that time the longest number one 455 Hey Jude is the best selling Beatles single achieving sales of over five million copies soon after its release 456 nb 44 In July 2005 McCartney s performance of Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band with U2 at Live 8 became the fastest released single in history Available within forty five minutes of its recording hours later it had achieved number one on the UK Official Download Chart 178 In December 2020 the release of his album McCartney III and its subsequent charting at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 earned McCartney the feat of being the first artist to have a new album in the top two chart positions in each of the last six decades 458 Awards and honours Main article List of awards and nominations received by Paul McCartney See also List of awards and nominations received by The Beatles McCartney receiving the 2010 Gershwin Prize from US President Barack Obama 18 time Grammy Award winner Nine as a member of the Beatles Six as a solo artist Two as a member of Wings One as part of a joint collaboration Two time inductee Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Class of 1988 as a member of the Beatles Class of 1999 as a solo artist 1965 Member of the Order of the British Empire 459 460 1971 Academy Award winner as a member of the Beatles 1988 Honorary Doctor of the University degree from University of Sussex 461 1997 Knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to music 462 2000 Fellowship into the British Academy of Songwriters Composers and Authors 463 2008 BRIT Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music 2008 Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Yale University 464 2010 Gershwin Prize for his contributions to popular music 465 2010 Kennedy Center Honors 466 2012 Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 467 2012 Legion d Honneur for his services to music 468 2012 MusiCares Person of the Year 2015 4148 McCartney asteroid named after him by the International Astronomical Union s Minor Planet Center 469 2017 Appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour CH in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to music 470 471 Coat of arms of Paul McCartney Notes Granted by the College of Arms 18 June 2001 472 Crest On a wreath of the colours a Liver Bird calling Sable supporting with the dexter claws a guitar Or stringed Sable Escutcheon Or between two Flaunches fracted fesswise two roundels Sable over all six guitar strings palewise throughout counterchanged Motto ECCE COR MEUM Behold My Heart DiscographyMain article Paul McCartney discography See also The Beatles discography Wings discography and List of songs recorded by Paul McCartney Solo McCartney 1970 Ram 1971 with Linda McCartney McCartney II 1980 Tug of War 1982 Pipes of Peace 1983 Press to Play 1986 Flowers in the Dirt 1989 Off the Ground 1993 Flaming Pie 1997 Run Devil Run 1999 Driving Rain 2001 Chaos and Creation in the Backyard 2005 Memory Almost Full 2007 New 2013 Egypt Station 2018 McCartney III 2020 Wings Wild Life 1971 Red Rose Speedway 1973 Band on the Run 1973 Venus and Mars 1975 Wings at the Speed of Sound 1976 London Town 1978 Back to the Egg 1979 Other The Family Way 1967 soundtrack Thrillington 1977 Ram instrumental Give My Regards to Broad Street 1984 soundtrack Snova v SSSR 1988 covers album Liverpool Sound Collage 2000 with Super Furry Animals amp The Beatles archival sound Twin Freaks 2005 remix album with DJ Freelance Hellraiser Kisses on the Bottom 2012 covers album McCartney III Imagined 2021 remix album Classical Paul McCartney s Liverpool Oratorio 1991 with Carl Davis Standing Stone 1997 Working Classical 1999 Ecce Cor Meum 2006 Ocean s Kingdom 2011 dance score with Peter Martins The Fireman McCartney and Youth Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest 1993 Rushes 1998 Electric Arguments 2008 FilmographyMain article Paul McCartney discography Videography See also The Beatles in film and The Beatles videos Film Year Title Role Notes1964 A Hard Day s Night Himself1965 Help Himself1967 Magical Mystery Tour Himself Major McCartney Red Nosed Magician uncredited Director writer and producer uncredited 1968 Yellow Submarine Himself uncredited Animated based upon a song by Beatles1970 Let It Be Himself Documentary1977 The Day the Music Died Himself Documentary1980 Concert for Kampuchea Himself Documentary1980 Rockshow Himself Documentary1982 The Cooler 473 Cowboy Short executive producer1982 The Compleat Beatles Himself Documentary1984 Give My Regards to Broad Street Paul Screenplay producer actor1985 Rupert and the Frog Song Rupert Edward Bill Boy Frog voice Animated short writer executive producer1987 Eat the Rich Banquet Rich Cameo1987 The Real Buddy Holly Story Himself Documentary producer1990 The Beatles The First U S Visit Himself Documentary1991 Get Back Himself Documentary1992 Daumier s Law none Animated short music writer executive producer1997 Tropic Island Hum Wirral Froggo Bison Various voice Animated short writer executive producer2000 Shadow Cycle none Animated short writer2001 Tuesday 474 Himself voice Animated short executive producer2003 Mayor of the Sunset Strip Himself Documentary2003 Concert for George Himself Documentary2008 Tribute This Himself Documentary2008 All Together Now Himself Documentary2009 Bruno Himself Cameo2009 Al s Brain in 3 D Man on the Street Short2010 David Wants to Fly Himself Documentary2010 The Last Play at Shea Himself Documentary2011 The Love We Make Himself Documentary2011 George Harrison Living in the Material World Himself Documentary2013 Sound City Himself Documentary2013 12 12 12 Himself Documentary Producer2014 Finding Fela Himself Documentary2014 Glen Campbell I ll Be Me Himself Documentary2016 The Beatles Eight Days a Week Himself Documentary2017 Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Men Tell No Tales Uncle Jack Cameo2018 Quincy Himself Documentary2018 The Bruce McMouse Show Himself Unreleased Wings concert film with animation produced from 1972 to 1977 theatrical release 2019 475 2023 If These Walls Could Sing Himself Documentary directed by Mary McCartney 476 Television Year Title Role Notes1963 64 Ready Steady Go Himself Music programme 3 episodes1964 Around the Beatles Himself Concert special1964 What s Happening The Beatles in the U S A Himself Documentary1964 65 The Ed Sullivan Show Himself Variety show 4 episodes1965 The Music of Lennon amp McCartney Himself Variety tribute special1966 The Beatles at Shea Stadium Himself Concert special1966 The Beatles in Japan Himself Concert special1973 James Paul McCartney Himself TV special1975 A Salute to the Beatles Once upon a Time Himself Documentary1977 All You Need Is Love The Story of Popular Music Himself Documentary mini series1985 Live Aid Himself Benefit concert special1987 It Was Twenty Years Ago Today Himself Documentary1988 The Power of Music Himself Narrator Documentary1995 The Simpsons Himself voice Episode Lisa the Vegetarian 1995 The Beatles Anthology Himself Documentary mini series1997 Music for Montserrat Himself Benefit concert special2001 Wingspan Himself Documentary2001 The Concert for New York City Himself Benefit concert special2005 Live 8 Himself Benefit concert special2005 Saturday Night Live Paul Simon Episode Alec Baldwin Christina Aguilera 2012 30 Rock Himself Episode Live from Studio 6H East Coast airing only 2015 BoJack Horseman Himself voice Episode After the Party 2021 McCartney 3 2 1 miniseries Himself Documentary mini series2021 The Beatles Get Back Himself Documentary mini seriesToursMain article List of Paul McCartney concert tours See also List of the Beatles live performances Wings toursSource 477 Wings University Tour 11 shows in the UK 1972 Wings Over Europe Tour 25 shows 1972 Wings 1973 UK Tour 21 shows 1973 Wings Over the World tour 66 shows 1975 1976 Wings UK Tour 1979 20 shows 1979Solo toursSource 478 The Paul McCartney World Tour 104 shows 1989 1990 Unplugged Tour 1991 6 shows in Europe 1991 The New World Tour 79 shows 1993 Driving World Tour 58 shows 2002 Back in the World tour 33 shows 2003 04 Summer Tour 14 shows worldwide 2004 The US Tour 37 shows 2005 Secret Tour 2007 6 shows in Europe and the US 2007 Summer Live 09 10 shows in North America 2009 Good Evening Europe Tour 8 shows 2009 Up and Coming Tour 38 shows worldwide 2010 2011 On the Run Tour 38 shows worldwide 2011 2012 Out There Tour 91 shows worldwide 2013 2015 One on One 78 shows worldwide 2016 2017 2018 Secret Gigs 5 shows 2018 Freshen Up 39 shows worldwide 2018 2019 Got Back 16 shows in North America 2022 479 See alsoGrammy Award records Most Grammys won by a male artist List of animal rights advocates List of British Grammy winners and nominees List of highest grossing live music artists Paul is dead urban legend conspiracy theory that Paul McCartney is deadPortals Pop music Rock musicNotes Jim McCartney s father Joe played an E flat tuba 23 McCartney s father also pointed out the bass parts in songs on the radio and often took his sons to local brass band concerts 24 In 1963 the Beatles released two studio albums Please Please Me and With the Beatles Two more albums followed in 1964 A Hard Day s Night and Beatles for Sale 38 Also included on Revolver was Here There and Everywhere a McCartney composition which is his second favourite after Yesterday 52 Written by McCartney as a commentary on his childhood in Liverpool Penny Lane featured a piccolo trumpet solo inspired by Bach s second Brandenburg concerto 60 The Beatles was the band s first Apple Records LP release the label was a subsidiary of Apple Corps a conglomerate formed as part of Epstein s plan to reduce the group s taxes 71 When the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 their first year of eligibility McCartney did not attend the ceremony stating that unresolved legal disputes would make him feel like a complete hypocrite waving and smiling with Harrison and Starr at a fake reunion 77 The Beatles released twenty two UK singles and twelve LPs of which seventeen singles and eleven LPs reached number one on various charts 78 The band topped the US Billboard Hot 100 twenty times and recorded fourteen number one albums as Lennon and McCartney became one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century 79 McCartney was the primary writer of five of their last six US number one singles Hello Goodbye 1967 Hey Jude 1968 Get Back 1969 Let It Be and The Long and Winding Road 1970 80 McCartney peaked in the UK at number two spending thirty two weeks in the charts 85 Wings first album together Wild Life reached the top ten in the US and the top twenty in the UK staying on the UK charts for nine weeks 88 In May 1973 Wings began a 21 show tour of the UK this time with supporting act Brinsley Schwarz 91 Live and Let Die became a staple of McCartney s live shows its modern sound well suited for the pyrotechnics and laser light displays Wings employed during their 1970s stadium performances 96 Band on the Run became the UK s first platinum LP 99 Wings at the Speed of Sound peaked in the UK at number 2 spending 35 weeks in the charts In the UK NME was alone in ranking the album number 1 The LP reached number 1 on three charts in the US 104 In 1977 McCartney released the album Thrillington an orchestral arrangement of Ram under the pseudonym Percy Thrills Thrillington with a cover designed by Hipgnosis 109 During the production of London Town McCulloch and English quit Wings they were replaced by guitarist Laurence Juber and drummer Steve Holly 111 Other factors in Wings split included tension caused by the disappointment of their last effort Back to the Egg and McCartney s 1980 marijuana bust in Japan which resulted in the cancelling of the tour and caused a major loss of wages for the group Laine claimed that a significant cause of their dissolution was McCartney s reluctance to tour fearing for his personal safety after the 1980 murder of Lennon McCartney s then spokesman said Paul is doing other things that s all 117 Wings produced a total of seven studio albums two of which topped the UK charts and four the US charts Their live triple LP Wings over America was one of only a few live albums ever to achieve the top spot in America 118 They made six US Billboard number one singles including Listen to What the Man Said and Silly Love Songs as well as eight top ten singles They achieved eight RIAA certified platinum singles and six platinum albums in the US 97 In the UK they achieved one number one and twelve top ten singles as well as two number one LPs 119 Tug of War was a number one album in both the UK and the US 121 Pipes of Peace peaked in the UK at number 4 spending 23 weeks in the charts The LP reached number 15 in the US and is McCartney s most recently recorded RIAA certified platinum studio album as of 2012 update 124 Spies Like Us peaked in the UK at number 13 spending 10 weeks in the charts The single reached number 7 in the US and is McCartney s most recently recorded US top ten as of 2012 129 Press to Play reached number 8 in the UK and number 30 in the US 132 In 1989 Ferry Cross the Mersey reached number 1 in the UK 135 Flowers in the Dirt is McCartney s most recent UK number one album as of 2012 it reached number 21 in the US 137 Tripping the Live Fantastic reached number 17 in the UK and number 26 in the US 141 During the ten month 104 show Tripping the Live Fantastic tour McCartney played as many as fourteen Beatles songs a night comprising nearly half the performance 142 Unplugged The Official Bootleg reached number 7 in the UK and number 14 in the US 148 Off the Ground reached number 5 in the UK and number 17 in the US 151 Paul is Live reached number 34 in the UK and number 78 in the US 153 For the New World Tour Whitten was replaced by drummer Blair Cunningham 154 McCartney s 1993 tour of the US was the second highest grossing effort of the year in America bringing in 32 3 million from twenty four shows 155 Flaming Pie reached number 2 in the UK and the US It also yielded McCartney s highest charting UK top twenty hit song as of 2012 update Young Boy which reached number 19 159 Run Devil Run reached number 12 in the UK and number 27 in the US 162 Driving Rain reached number 46 in the UK and number 26 in the US 168 Back in the US reached number 8 in the US and Back in the World reached number 5 in the UK 171 During the Driving World Tour McCartney performed twenty three Beatles songs in a thirty six song set including an all Beatles encore 142 In June 2005 McCartney released the electronica album Twin Freaks a collaborative project with bootleg producer and remixer Freelance Hellraiser consisting of remixed versions of songs from his solo career 179 Chaos and Creation in the Backyard is McCartney s most recent top ten album as of 2012 update It reached number 10 in the UK and number 6 in the US It was supported by a UK top twenty hit single his most recent as of 2014 update Fine Line which failed to chart in the US and Jenny Wren which reached number 22 in the UK 181 McCartney followed the release of Chaos and Creation in the Backyard with the US Tour the tenth top earning act of 2005 in the US taking in over 17 million in ticket sales for eight shows During the opening performance of the tour he played thirty five songs of which twenty three were Beatles tracks 182 Ecce Cor Meum reached number 2 on the classical charts in both the UK and the US 183 Memory Almost Full reached number 3 in the US and spending fifteen weeks in the charts As of 2014 update it remains McCartney s most recent top five album 185 Electric Arguments reached number 67 on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Independent Albums chart 187 In November 2010 iTunes made available the official canon of thirteen Beatles studio albums Past Masters and the 1962 1966 and 1967 1970 greatest hits compilations making the group among the last of the seminal classic rock artists to offer their music for sale on the digital marketplace 193 McCartney s band performed thirty seven songs during 8 May 2012 performance in Mexico City twenty three of which were Beatles tracks 199 As of 2012 update Elvis Presley has achieved the most UK number ones as a solo artist with eighteen 452 Hey Jude was covered by several prominent artists including Elvis Presley Bing Crosby Count Basie and Wilson Pickett 457 References Paul Ramon The Paul McCartney Project Retrieved 15 November 2020 a b Doyle Patrick 13 November 2020 Musicians on Musicians Taylor Swift amp Paul McCartney Rolling Stone Retrieved 13 November 2020 Paul McCartney Front Row 26 December 2012 BBC Radio 4 Archived from the original on 20 February 2014 Retrieved 18 January 2014 Newman Jason 23 August 2011 It Takes Two 10 Songwriting Duos That Rocked Music History billboard com Archived from the original on 23 June 2018 Retrieved 5 October 2017 By any measure no one comes close to matching the success of The Beatles primary songwriters Elmes John 5 December 2008 The 10 Most Covered Songs The Independent Archived from the original on 25 May 2022 Retrieved 8 January 2020 Conradt Stacy 30 November 2017 10 of the Most Covered Songs in Music History Mental Floss Retrieved 17 December 2020 Savage Mark 13 May 2020 Rihanna rockets onto Sunday Times Rich List BBC News Spitz 2005 p 75 Wright Jade 14 January 2013 Macca me and my mum s marzipan butties Beatles star Paul McCartney s stepmum on life just outside the spotlight Liverpool Echo Retrieved 28 January 2022 Miles 1997 p 4 primary source Benitez 2010 p 1 secondary source a b Carlin 2009 p 11 Carlin 2009 pp 8 9 Benitez 2010 p 1 Transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School due to overcrowding at Stockton Carlin 2009 p 13 Transferred to Joseph Williams in 1949 For his attendance at Joseph Williams Junior School see Beatle s schoolboy photo auction BBC News 16 August 2009 Archived from the original on 2 May 2012 Retrieved 13 June 2012 For McCartney passing the 11 plus exam see Miles 1997 p 9 primary source Benitez 2010 pp 1 2 secondary source Benitez 2010 p 2 The two soon became friends I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger Spitz 2005 pp 82 83 On grammar school versus secondary modern 125 On meeting Harrison Playboy Interview December 1984 20 Forthlin Road infobritain co uk Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Benitez 2010 p 2 Mary was the family s primary wage earner Harry 2002 pp 340 341 where they lived through 1964 Miles 1997 p 6 Benitez 2010 p 2 On Mary s death secondary source Miles 1997 p 20 On Mary s death primary source Womack 2007 p 10 Mary died from an embolism Miles 1997 p 31 Miles 1997 pp 22 23 Spitz 2005 p 71 Miles 1997 pp 23 24 Welch Chris 1984 Paul McCartney The Definitive Biography London Proteus Books p 18 ISBN 978 0 86276 125 7 Miles 1997 p 21 Jim gave McCartney a nickel plated trumpet which was later traded for a Zenith acoustic guitar Spitz 2005 p 86 when rock and roll became popular on Radio Luxembourg Miles 1997 p 21 Harry 2002 pp 509 McCartney The first song I ever sang in public was Long Tall Sally 533 534 Harry Long Tall Sally was The first number Paul ever sang on stage Spitz 2005 p 93 Spitz 2005 p 95 The Quarrymen played a spirited set of songs half skiffle half rock n roll Lewisohn 1992 p 18 Lewisohn 1992 pp 18 22 Lewisohn 1992 pp 17 25 Miles 1997 p 74 McCartney Nobody wants to play bass or nobody did in those days Gould 2007 p 89 On McCartney playing bass when Sutcliffe was indisposed Gould 2007 p 94 Sutcliffe gradually began to withdraw from active participation in the Beatles ceding his role as the group s bassist to Paul McCartney Spitz 2005 pp 249 251 Miles 1997 pp 84 88 Lewisohn 1992 p 59 Love Me Do Lewisohn 1992 p 75 Replacing Best with Starr Lewisohn 1992 pp 88 94 Beatlemania in the UK Lewisohn 1992 pp 136 140 Beatlemania in the US Miles 1997 p 470 the cute Beatle Spitz 2005 p 330 Starr joining the Beatles in August 1962 a b c d Lewisohn 1992 pp 350 351 For song authorship see Harry 2002 p 90 Can t Buy Me Love Harry 2002 p 439 I Saw Her Standing There Harry 2000a pp 561 562 I Want to Hold Your Hand and MacDonald 2005 pp 66 68 I Saw Her Standing There MacDonald 2005 pp 83 85 She Loves You MacDonald 2005 pp 99 103 I Want to Hold Your Hand MacDonald 2005 pp 104 107 Can t Buy Me Love MacDonald 2005 pp 171 172 For release dates US and UK peak chart positions of the preceding songs see Lewisohn 1992 pp 350 351 Buk 1996 p 51 Their first recording that involved only a single band member Gould 2007 p 278 The group s first recorded use of classical music elements in their music MacDonald 2005 pp 157 158 Yesterday as the most covered song in history MacDonald 2005 p 172 Levy 2005 p 18 Rubber Soul is described by critics as an advancement of the band s music Brown amp Gaines 2002 pp 181 82 As they explored facets of romance and philosophy in their lyrics MacDonald 2005 pp 169 170 In My Life as a highlight of the Beatles catalogue Spitz 2005 p 587 Both Lennon and McCartney have claimed lead authorship for In My Life The Beatles 2000 p 197 Harry 2000b p 780 Gould 2007 p 348 MacDonald 2005 p 195 The first of three consecutive McCartney A sides Lewisohn 1992 pp 350 351 Revolver s release was preceded by Paperback Writer The Beatles 2000 p 214 the forerunner of videos Lewisohn 1992 pp 221 222 The films aired on The Ed Sullivan Show and Top of the Pops Gould 2007 p 350 neoclassical tour de force Gould 2007 p 402 a true hybrid Harry 2002 pp 313 316 Everett 1999 p 328 Lewisohn 1992 p 230 Blaney 2007 p 8 Harry 2000a p 970 Rock s first concept album MacDonald 2005 p 254 McCartney sensed unease among the bandmates and wanted them to maintain creative productivity Miles 1997 p 303 McCartney creating a new identity for the group Miles 1997 p 303 Lewisohn 1992 p 232 Emerick amp Massey 2006 p 158 Martin and McCartney took turns conducting Gould 2007 pp 387 388 Recording A Day in the Life required a forty piece orchestra Sounes 2010 pp 161 162 Gould 2007 pp 391 395 The Sgt Pepper cover featured the Beatles as the imaginary band alluded to in the album s title track standing with a host of celebrities secondary source The Beatles 2000 p 248 Standing with a host of celebrities primary source Miles 1997 p 333 On McCartney s design for the Sgt Pepper cover primary source Sounes 2010 p 168 On McCartney s design for the Sgt Pepper cover secondary source Gould 2007 pp 391 395 The Sgt Pepper cover attracted curiosity and analysis Miles 1997 p 333 On McCartney s design for the Sgt Pepper cover primary source Sounes 2010 p 168 On McCartney s design for the Sgt Pepper cover secondary source Wenner 2000 pp 24 25 Brown amp Gaines 2002 p 247 a b Benitez 2010 pp 8 9 Lewisohn 1992 pp 238 239 Gould 2007 pp 455 456 Harry 2000a p 699 Gould 2007 p 487 Critical response Lewisohn 1992 p 278 Filming of the promotional trailer Lewisohn 1992 p 304 Yellow Submarine soundtrack release Lewisohn 1992 pp 276 304 Gould 2007 p 470 Apple Corps formed as part of Epstein s business plan Lewisohn 1992 p 278 The Beatles first Apple Records LP release Brown amp Gaines 2002 p 299 We ve been very negative since Mr Epstein passed away Lewisohn 1992 pp 276 304 The White Album Lewisohn 1992 pp 304 314 Let It Be Sounes 2010 pp 171 172 Paul and Linda s first meeting Sounes 2010 pp 245 248 On their wedding Sounes 2010 p 261 On the birth of their first child Mary a b Gould 2007 p 563 Gould 2007 pp 593 594 Lewisohn 1992 p 349 McCartney s departure from the Beatles secondary source Miles 1998 pp 314 316 McCartney s departure from the Beatles primary source Spitz 2005 pp 243 819 821 Lennon s personal appointment of Klein Spitz 2005 pp 832 833 McCartney s disagreement with Lennon Harrison and Starr over Klein s management of the Beatles Harry 2002 p 753 Roberts 2005 p 54 Lewisohn 1992 pp 350 351 US and UK singles and album release dates with peak chart positions Gould 2007 pp 8 9 one of the greatest phenomena in the history of mass entertainment widely regarded as the greatest concentration of singing songwriting and all around musical talent that the rock n roll era has produced Spitz 2005 p 856 not anything like anything else a vastness of talent of genius incomprehensible For song authorship see MacDonald 2005 pp 333 334 Get Back MacDonald 2005 pp 272 273 Hello Goodbye MacDonald 2005 pp 302 304 Hey Jude MacDonald 2005 pp 337 338 Let it Be MacDonald 2005 pp 339 341 The Long and Winding Road For release dates US and UK peak chart positions of the preceding songs see Lewisohn 1992 pp 350 351 Lewisohn 2002 p 29 Heatley Michael Hopkinson Frank The Girl in the Song The Real Stories Behind 50 Rock Classics Pavilion Books 2010 e book Maybe I m Amazed Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Beatles Bible Harry 2002 pp 556 563 McCartney Blaney 2007 p 31 McCartney a US number one Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position and weeks on charts for McCartney Ingham 2009 pp 105 Ram 114 115 Uncle Albert Admiral Halsey McGee 2003 p 245 Peak US chart positions for Ram Lewisohn 2002 p 7 McGee 2003 p 245 Peak UK and US chart positions for Wild Life Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position and weeks on chart for Wild Life Sounes 2010 pp 287 288 Birth of Stella Harry 2002 pp 613 615 Stella McCartney Harry 2002 p 845 traveled across the UK Ingham 2009 p 106 Scrupulously avoiding Beatles songs a b Harry 2002 p 847 Harry 2002 p 845 Harry 2002 pp 641 642 My Love Harry 2002 pp 744 745 Red Rose Speedway McGee 2003 p 245 Peak US chart positions for Red Rose Speedway Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position for Red Rose Speedway Harry 2002 pp 515 516 Live and Let Die Harry 2002 pp 641 642 My Love Benitez 2010 p 50 symphonic rock at its best Harry 2002 pp 515 516 Live and Let Die US chart peak Roberts 2005 p 311 Live and Let Die UK chart peak Sounes 2010 p 304 Pyrotechnics Sounes 2010 p 329 Laser lighting display Sounes 2010 p 440 Performing Live and Let Die with pyrotechnics 1993 Sounes 2010 pp 512 513 Performing Live and Let Die with pyrotechnics 2002 a b McGee 2003 pp 248 249 Benitez 2010 pp 51 60 Band on the Run Roberts 2005 p 312 Band on the Run a number one album in the UK with 124 weeks on the charts McGee 2003 p 60 Harry 2002 pp 53 54 Band on the Run single Band on the Run ranked 418th greatest album Rolling Stone Archived from the original on 20 December 2010 Retrieved 18 July 2021 Benitez 2010 pp 61 62 Harry 2002 pp 882 883 Venus and Mars Harry 2002 pp 910 911 Wings at the Speed of Sound Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position for Venus and Mars McGee 2003 p 245 NME ranking Wings at the Speed of Sound number 1 and the LP was number 1 on three charts in the US Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position and weeks on charts for Wings at the Speed of Sound Blaney 2007 p 116 And for the first time McCartney included songs associated with the Beatles something he d been unwilling to do previously Harry 2002 pp 848 850 Wings Over the World Tour Ingham 2009 p 107 featuring a modest handful of McCartney s Beatle tunes McGee 2003 p 85 Paul decided it would be a mistake not to perform a few Beatles songs Harry 2002 pp 912 913 Wings over America Lewisohn 2002 p 83 After extensive rehearsals in London Carlin 2009 pp 247 248 Birth of James Doggett 2009 p 264 one of the best selling singles in UK chart history Ingham 2009 pp 107 108 Mull of Kintyre Benitez 2010 p 86 the biggest hit of McCartney s career Harry 2002 pp 840 841 Thrillington Hipgnosis cover art Lewisohn 2002 p 168 Thrillington Blaney 2007 pp 122 125 Benitez 2010 p 79 Harry 2002 pp 42 43 Back to the Egg Harry 2002 pp 530 532 London Town Harry 2002 pp 758 760 the Rockestra Ingham 2009 p 108 London Town and Back to the Egg McGee 2003 p 245 Back to the Egg certified platinum Harry 2002 pp 845 851 Wings tours details Harry 2002 pp 850 851 Wings UK Tour 1979 Ingham 2009 p 108 Wings UK Tour 1979 Harry 2002 p 578 He composed all the music and performed the instrumentation himself Lewisohn 2002 p 167 McCartney II a UK number one and a US top five Benitez 2010 pp 100 103 McCartney II Blaney 2007 pp 136 137 Coming Up Benitez 2010 pp 96 97 Benitez 2010 pp 96 97 On Wings April dissolution McCartney fearing for his personal safety and the commercial disappointment of Back to the Egg Blaney 2007 p 132 Back to the Egg spent only eight weeks in the British charts the shortest chart run of any Wings album Doggett 2009 pp 276 Paul is doing other things that s all George Warren 2001 p 626 McCartney s reluctance to tour for fear of his personal safety McGee 2003 p 144 On McCartney s reluctance to tour out of fear for his personal safety and Laine s statement that this was a significant contributing factor to Wings dissolution Ingham 2009 pp 109 110 Wings disbanded in 1981 McGee 2003 p 245 US and UK chart positions of Wings LPs Harry 2002 pp 904 910 Wings 912 913 Wings over America Lewisohn 2002 p 163 one of few live albums ever to achieve the top spot in America McGee 2003 pp 244 245 Wings US and UK singles and albums chart positions Harry 2002 pp 511 512 Listen to What the Man Said 788 Silly Love Songs Harry 2002 p 311 Ebony and Ivory Harry 2002 pp 361 362 The Girl Is Mine Harry 2002 p 820 Eric Stewart Blaney 2007 p 153 American Top 40 replay Green Bay Wisconsin 22 May 1982 Event occurs at 9 55am Harry 2002 pp 720 722 Pipes of Peace album and song Harry 2002 pp 776 777 Say Say Say Roberts 2005 p 311 Last UK number one single For the peak US chart position of Pipes of Peace see Blaney 2007 p 159 For the RIAA database see RIAA Searchable Database the Recording Industry Association of America Archived from the original on 30 August 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2012 Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position and weeks on charts for Pipes of Peace Blaney 2007 p 159 US chart peak for Pipes of Peace Harry 2002 pp 365 374 Give My Regards to Broad Street film Harry 2002 p 817 Starr in Give My Regards to Broad Street Ebert Roger 1 January 1984 Give My Regards to Broad Street review Chicago Sun Times Archived from the original on 22 July 2012 Retrieved 9 July 2012 Blaney 2007 p 167 Peak US chart position for No More Lonely Nights number 6 Graff 2000 p 40 Gilmour on guitar Harry 2002 pp 368 369 No More Lonely Nights Blaney 2007 p 171 Blaney 2007 p 171 Peak US and UK chart positions for Spies Like Us Benitez 2010 p 117 Became a top ten hit for McCartney Roberts 2005 p 311 Peak UK chart position for Spies Like Us Sounes 2010 pp 402 403 Blaney 2007 p 177 Blaney 2007 p 177 Peak UK and US chart positions for Press to Play Roberts 2005 p 8 Peak UK chart position for Press to Play Harry 2002 p 100 Snova v SSSR Harry 2002 p 728 Press to Play Harry 2002 p 820 Eric Stewart Harry 2002 pp 327 328 Roberts 2005 pp 688 689 Harry 2002 pp 272 273 Elvis Costello Harry 2002 pp 337 338 Flowers in the Dirt Blaney 2007 p 191 Peak US chart position for Flowers in the Dirt 21 Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position for Flowers in the Dirt 1 Harry 2002 p 851 the Paul McCartney World Tour band Sounes 2010 pp 420 421 the Paul McCartney World Tour band Badman 1999 p 444 Harry 2002 p 851 Blaney 2007 p 201 a b Sounes 2010 p 512 Harry 2002 pp 526 528 Liverpool Oratorio a b Harry 2002 p 528 Rothstein Edward 20 November 1991 Review Music McCartney s Liverpool Oratorio The New York Times Archived from the original on 25 May 2012 Retrieved 11 June 2012 Benitez 2010 p 134 Performed around the world Blaney 2007 p 210 on the UK classical chart Music Week Harry 2002 pp 873 874 Unplugged the Official Bootleg Blaney 2007 p 205 Harry 2002 pp 332 334 Harry 2002 p 656 Blaney 2007 p 215 Harry 2002 pp 685 686 687 The New World Tour Blaney 2007 p 219 Sounes 2010 p 429 Everett 1999 p 282 Miles 1997 pp 218 219 Sounes 2010 p 458 Honorary Fellowship Sounes 2010 p 477 McCartney Yeah it s kind of amazing for somebody who doesn t read a note of music Blaney 2007 pp 224 Blaney 2007 p 223 The peak UK chart position for Young Boy Blaney 2007 p 224 Starr on Beautiful Night Blaney 2007 p 225 Peak US chart position for Flaming Pie Roberts 2005 p 311 Peak UK chart position for Young Boy Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position for Flaming Pie Blaney 2007 p 229 Harry 2002 pp 335 336 Flaming Pie Harry 2002 p 807 Standing Stone Harry 2002 p 770 Rushes a b Blaney 2007 p 241 Graff 2000 p 40 Harry 2002 pp 593 595 Linda s battle with cancer Harry 2002 pp 765 766 Run Devil Run Harry 2002 pp 710 711 Harry 2002 pp 528 529 Harry 2002 pp 350 351 Choral George Warren 2001 pp 626 627 Classical Harry 2002 pp 268 270 The Concert for New York City Harry 2002 pp 346 347 Freedom Blaney 2007 p 255 Benitez 2010 p 15 New band details Sounes 2010 pp 510 511 New band details Sounes 2010 pp 517 518 Blaney 2007 p 261 Peak US chart position for Back in the U S Roberts 2005 p 312 Peak UK chart position for Back in the World For tour box office gross see Waddell Ray 28 December 2002 The Top Tours of 2002 Veterans rule the roost with Sir Paul leading the pack Billboard Archived from the original on 25 May 2013 Retrieved 12 June 2012 Deruso Nick 9 May 2013 Interview of Brian Ray on Paul McCartney Something Else Archived from the original on 6 February 2017 Retrieved 6 February 2017 Harry 2002 pp 577 McCartney s marriage to Mills Doggett 2009 pp 332 333 Concert for George Harry 2002 pp 825 826 McCartney performing at Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002 Sandford 2006 p 396 McCartney performing at Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005 Ex Beatle granted coat of arms BBC News 22 December 2002 Archived from the original on 19 June 2012 Retrieved 1 July 2012 a b Sounes 2010 p 523 a b Blaney 2007 pp 268 269 Blaney 2007 p 268 Molenda 2005 pp 68 70 Blaney 2007 p 269 Peak UK and US chart positions for Fine Line Blaney 2007 p 271 Peak UK and US chart positions for Chaos and Creation in the Backyard Blaney 2007 p 274 Peak UK chart position for Jenny Wren For 30 November 2005 Los Angeles setlist see Paul McCartney The U S Tour paulmcartney com 30 November 2005 Archived from the original on 3 June 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2012 For the Billboard boxscores see Waddell Ray 5 August 2006 Top Tours Take Center Stage Billboard Archived from the original on 25 May 2013 Retrieved 13 June 2012 a b Blaney 2007 p 276 Sounes 2010 pp 540 541 Memory Almost Full Paul McCartney Billboard 23 June 2007 Retrieved 2 July 2012 Sounes 2010 p 559 Electric Arguments the Fireman Billboard 13 December 2008 Archived from the original on 27 October 2012 Retrieved 2 July 2012 Paul McCartney Treats Liverpool to A Day in the Life Live Debut Rolling Stone 2 June 2008 Archived from the original on 1 July 2008 Retrieved 3 May 2012 Paul McCartney Stuns Manhattan With Set on Letterman s Marquee Rolling Stone 16 July 2009 Archived from the original on 8 May 2012 Retrieved 4 May 2012 For 9 September 2009 remasters see The Beatles Entire Original Recorded Catalogue Remastered by Apple Corps Ltd Press release EMI 7 April 2009 Archived from the original on 1 April 2012 Retrieved 25 June 2012 For the Beatles Rock Band see Gross Doug 4 September 2009 Still Relevant After Decades The Beatles Set to Rock 9 September 2009 CNN Archived from the original on 6 November 2012 Retrieved 25 June 2012 Sounes 2010 p 560 Mervis Scott 14 June 2010 Paul McCartney sells out two shows at Consol Pittsburgh Post Gazette Archived from the original on 7 May 2012 Retrieved 3 May 2012 For among the last of the classic rock catalogues available online see La Monica Paul R 7 September 2005 Hey iTunes Don t Make It Bad CNNMoney com Archived from the original on 4 July 2012 Retrieved 25 June 2012 For the Beatles catalogue available on iTunes see Aswad Jem 16 November 2010 Beatles End Digital Boycott Catalog Now on iTunes Rolling Stone New York Archived from the original on 17 December 2010 Retrieved 17 November 2010 Pareles Jon 16 July 2011 A Gentle Reminder of Paul McCartney s Survival and Vitality The New York Times Archived from the original on 13 March 2017 Retrieved 25 October 2012 Paul McCartney Ocean s Kingdom paulmcartney com 2 October 2011 Archived from the original on 13 May 2014 Retrieved 26 June 2012 a b Sir Paul McCartney marrying for the third time BBC News 9 October 2011 Archived from the original on 1 April 2012 Retrieved 5 May 2012 Paul McCartney Kisses On The Bottom paulmccartney com Archived from the original on 20 May 2012 Retrieved 26 June 2012 For McCartney s MusiCares award and his performance at the 54th Grammy Awards see Paul McCartney Is 2012 MusiCares Person of the Year National Academy of Recording 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Richard Spitz 2005 pp 41 92 97 124 Presley Spitz 2005 pp 131 133 225 538 Holly Spitz 2005 pp 134 374 446 752 Berry Harry 2002 p 727 MacDonald 2005 pp 66 67 According to McCartney the bassline was taken from I m Talking About You Mulhern 1990 p 18 McCartney I m not gonna tell you I wrote the thing when Chuck Berry s bass player did Miles 1997 p 94 McCartney I played exactly the same notes as he did and it fitted our number perfectly Mulhern 1990 p 33 MacDonald 2005 p 156 secondary source Miles 1997 p 201 primary source Harry 2002 pp 420 425 Buddy Holly Week 1976 2001 Bacon amp Morgan 2006 p 28 Bacon amp Morgan 2006 pp 38 39 Mulhern 1990 p 18 The influence of Motown and James Jamerson Mulhern 1990 p 22 Stanley Clarke Bacon amp Morgan 2006 p 8 Sheff 1981 p 142 Babiuk 2002 pp 16 17 Hofner 500 1 Babiuk 2002 pp 44 45 Rickenbacker 4001 Babiuk 2002 pp 85 86 92 93 103 116 134 140 173 175 187 211 Vox amplifiers MacDonald 2005 p 298 Fender Bassman a b Jisi 2005 p 42 a b Mulhern 1990 p 19 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