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RCA Records

January 03, 2023

RCA Records is an American record label currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship labels, alongside RCA's former long-time rival Columbia Records; also Arista Records, and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, classical, rock, hip hop, afrobeat, electronic, R&B, blues, jazz, and country. Its name is derived from the initials of its defunct parent company, the Radio Corporation of America[3] (RCA). RCA Records was fully acquired by Bertelsmann in 1987, making it a part of Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) and became a part of Sony BMG Music Entertainment after the 2004 merger of BMG and Sony; it was acquired by the latter in 2008, after the dissolution of Sony/BMG and the restructuring of Sony Music. RCA Records is the corporate successor of the Victor Talking Machine Company, founded in 1901, making it the second-oldest record label in American history, after sister label Columbia Records, founded in 1889.

RCA Records
Logo used since 2015; it was first used from 1968 to 1987.
Parent company
FoundedJanuary 9, 1900; 122 years ago (1900-01-09) (as Consolidated Talking Machine Company)[1][2]
Founder
Distributor(s)
  • Sony Music Entertainment (United States)
  • RCA Label Group (International)
  • Legacy Recordings (reissues)
GenreVarious
Country of originUnited States
LocationNew York City
Official websitercarecords.com

Beginnings and history

For the label's history before 1929, see Victor Talking Machine Company.
 
Classic RCA logo, first retired in 1968; in use again from 1987 to 2015

In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the world's largest manufacturer of phonographs (including the famous "Victrola") and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor. In absorbing Victor, RCA acquired the New World rights to the famous Nipper/"His Master's Voice" trademark. In 1931, RCA Victor's British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board.[4]

In September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 331⁄3 rpm records sold to the public, calling them "Program Transcriptions". These used a shallower and more closely spaced implementation of the large "standard groove" found on contemporary 78 rpm records, rather than the "microgroove" used for post-World War II 331⁄3 rpm "LP" (long play) records. The format was a commercial failure, partly because the new Victrolas with two-speed turntables designed to play these records were exorbitantly priced, the least expensive model retailing for $395.00 in the depths of the Great Depression. The format was abandoned by 1933, and two-speed turntables were no longer offered, but some Program Transcriptions lingered in the Victor record catalog until the end of the 1930s.[5]

During the early part of the Depression, RCA Victor made a number of attempts to create a successful cheap label to compete with the "dime store labels" (Perfect, Oriole, Banner, Melotone, etc.). The first was the short-lived "Timely Tunes" label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward. Bluebird Records was created in 1932 as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a dark blue label, alongside an 8-inch Electradisk label (sold at Woolworth's). Neither were a success. In 1933, RCA Victor reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label (Bluebird's label was redesigned, and it became known as the 'buff' label). Another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced (although nobody seems to know for whom it was produced, as Sunrise records are exceptionally rare today). The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and the Bluebird label still survives today, eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued. RCA Victor also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s.

RCA Victor Custom Record Division

Besides manufacturing its own records, RCA's Custom Record Division was the leading record manufacturer for independent labels.[6][7] RCA's Midwestern plant in Indianapolis, at 501 North LaSalle Street (the site is now part of a Demolition and Blight Reduction Project).[8] The Custom Division notably pressed many record compilations for The Reader's Digest Association.

EMI

RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1938, but EMI continued to distribute RCA Victor recordings in the UK and its territories on the HMV label until the late 1950s. RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV recordings on the RCA Victor and custom HMV labels in North America.[9]

World War II era

During World War II, ties between RCA Victor and its Japanese affiliate Victor Company of Japan (Nippon Victor) were severed. JVC's record company is known today as Victor Entertainment and still retains the Nipper/His Master's Voice trademark for use in Japan.

From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban. Virtually all union musicians in the US and Canada were forbidden from making recordings during the period. One of the few exceptions was the eventual release of recorded radio broadcast performances from the NBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini. However, RCA Victor lost the Philadelphia Orchestra during this period; the orchestra's contract with RCA Victor expired during the strike and when Columbia Records settled with the union before RCA, Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphians signed a new contract with Columbia and began recording in 1944. Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra would not return to RCA until 1968.

The post-war 1940s

 
Standard RCA Victor 78 RPM label design from just after the end of World War II until 1954

In the spring of 1946, "RCA Victor" replaced "Victor" on labels for shellac 78 rpm singles. In 1949, RCA Victor introduced the 7-inch 45 rpm micro-grooved vinylite record, marketed simply as the "45". The new format, which had been under development for several years, was originally intended to replace 78 rpm discs.[10] By the time RCA Victor belatedly unveiled it, the 45 was now competing with the 10-inch and 12-inch 331⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl "LP" (Long Play) discs introduced by arch-rival Columbia Records in the early summer of 1948. In heavy promotion, RCA Victor sold compact, inexpensive add-on and stand-alone units that played the 45 rpm format exclusively. At first, RCA Victor's 45s were issued on colored vinyl according to the musical genre: contemporary pop music on black vinyl (47-XXXX series), prestigious Broadway musicals and operettas on "midnight blue" vinyl (52-xxxx series), classical music on red vinyl (49-xxxx series), country and polka on green (48-xxxx series), children's fare on yellow (also in the 47-xxxx series), rhythm and blues on orange or cerise (50-xxxx series), and international on light blue (51-xxxx series). This array of colors complicated the production process, and the practice was soon discontinued, all records becoming black. Yellow and red held on until about 1952. The first 45 rpm record manufactured was "PeeWee the Piccolo" RCA Victor 47-0147 pressed December 7, 1948 at the Sherman Drive plant in Indianapolis. The use of vinyl, which was much more expensive than the gritty shellac compound normally used for 78s, was actually cheaper because of the smaller diameter and greatly reduced bulk of the new records, which required very little raw material. The smaller, lightweight discs were also more economical to store and ship.[11]

RCA Victor marketed the 45 as a direct replacement for 10-inch and 12-inch 78 rpm records, which typically played for about three and four minutes per side respectively. The company also released some "extended play" (EP) 45s with playing times up to 7 minutes per side, primarily for some vocal collections and light classical selections, as typified by an Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra disc featuring Tchaikovsky's Marche Slave and Ketèlbey's In a Persian Market. Boxed sets of four to six 45s were issued, each set providing about the same amount of music as one LP. (An extreme case of these boxed sets was the complete recording of the opera Carmen, featuring Risë Stevens and conducted by Fritz Reiner, which consisted of sixteen 45 rpm discs.) In the case of operas, symphonies and other complete recordings of classical music, there was an interruption every four minutes as one record side ended and another was started up. These disruptive "side breaks", a nuisance long familiar to listeners of album sets of classical and operatic 78 rpm records, were minimized by an extremely fast automatic record-changing mechanism that was a core feature of RCA Victor's 45 players. Thanks in large degree to RCA Victor's massive five million dollar advertising campaign, the 45 became the preferred speed for pop music singles, overtaking U.S. sales of the same material on 78s by 1954, but Columbia's LP prevailed as the format for classical music and convenient one-disc "album" collections of eight or more pop songs. RCA Victor finally bowed to the inevitable and announced its intention to issue LPs in January 1950.

1950s

Finally acknowledging the success of Columbia's LP format and fearful of losing further market share, RCA Victor began issuing LPs itself.[12][13] Among the first RCA Victor LPs released in 1950 was a performance of Gaîté Parisienne by Jacques Offenbach, played by Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra, which had actually been recorded in Boston's Symphony Hall on June 20, 1947; it was given the catalogue number LM-1001. Non-classical albums were issued with the prefix "LPM". When RCA Victor later issued classical stereo albums (in 1958), they used the prefix "LSC". Non-classical stereo albums were issued with the prefix "LSP". RCA utilized these catalog prefixes until 1973.

In the 1950s, RCA Victor had three subsidiary or specialty labels: Groove, Vik and "X".

The edition of Billboard magazine dated April 11, 1953, announced a new RCA Victor subsidiary label, its first to use independent distribution and was nameless when it was first revealed. For the lack of any better designation, Billboard chose to refer to the new, unnamed label in the story as Label "X"; the new label began to hire staffers and decide on a direction, and the name stuck until 1955. RCA Victor officially announced the formation of label "X" on April 20, 1953. Groove was an R&B specialty label founded in 1954 and folded into Vik in 1957;[14] the Vik label was discontinued the following year.

From the label's beginnings in 1902, and intensifying through the 1940s and 1950s, RCA Victor was in direct competition with Columbia Records. A number of recordings were made with the NBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Arturo Toscanini; sometimes RCA Victor utilized recordings of broadcast concerts (Toscanini had been recording for the label since the days of acoustic recordings, and RCA Victor had been recording the NBC Symphony since its creation in 1937). After Toscanini retired in the spring of 1954, the NBC Symphony was reorganized later that year as the Symphony of the Air. The orchestra, while no longer connected to NBC, continued to record for RCA Victor, as well as other labels, usually conducted by Leopold Stokowski. RCA Victor also released a number of recordings with the RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra, which was usually drawn from either Philadelphia or New York musicians, as well as members of the Symphony of the Air, and the orchestra of the Metropolitan Opera. By the late 1950s, RCA Victor had fewer high prestige orchestras under contract than Columbia had: RCA Victor recorded the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and the Boston Pops, whereas Columbia had the Cleveland Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under contracts.

On October 6, 1953, RCA Victor held experimental stereophonic sessions in New York City's Manhattan Center with Leopold Stokowski conducting a group of New York City musicians in performances of George Enescu's Roumanian Rhapsody No. 1 and the waltz from Tchaikovsky's opera Eugene Onegin. There were additional stereo tests in December, again in the Manhattan Center, this time with Pierre Monteux conducting members of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In February 1954, RCA Victor made its first commercial stereophonic recordings, taping the Boston Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Charles Münch, in a performance of The Damnation of Faust by Hector Berlioz. This began a practice of simultaneously recording orchestras with both stereophonic and monaural equipment. Other early stereo recordings were made of Toscanini's final NBC concerts (never officially issued) and Guido Cantelli respectively, with the NBC Symphony Orchestra; the Boston Pops Orchestra under Arthur Fiedler; and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Fritz Reiner. Initially, RCA used RT-21 quarter-inch tape recorders (which ran at 30 inches per second), wired to mono mixers, with Neumann U-47 cardioid and M-49/50 omnidirectional microphones. Then they switched to an Ampex 300–3 one-half inch machine, running at 15 inches per second (which was later increased to 30 inches per second). These recordings were initially issued in 1955 on special stereophonic reel-to-reel tapes and then, beginning in 1958, on vinyl LPs with the "Living Stereo" logo. RCA has continued to reissue many of these recordings on CD.[15] Another 1953 project for RCA was converting the acoustically superior building Webster Hall into its main East Coast recording studio. RCA operated this studio venue from 1953 to 1968.

In September 1954, RCA Victor introduced "Gruve-Gard" where the center and edge of a record are thicker than the playing area, reducing scuff marks during handling and when stacked on a turntable with an automatic record changer.[16] Most competitors quickly adopted the raised label and edges.

In 1955, RCA Victor purchased the recording contract of Elvis Presley from Sun Records for the then-astronomical sum of $40,000. Presley became RCA Victor's biggest-selling recording artist. His first record for the label was "Heartbreak Hotel", recorded in January 1956. RCA Victor sold ten million Presley singles during 1956.

Effective in 1957, EMI/HMV ended its 55-year association with RCA Victor, after EMI's acquisition of Capitol Records in 1955.[17][18] Capitol then became the main distributor for EMI recordings in the Americas; Decca Records became the manufacturer and distributor for RCA Victor in the United Kingdom, using the RCA lightning bolt logo, instead of the Nipper/His Master's Voice trademark for which EMI held the rights to in the U.K. and Europe. RCA set up its own British manufacturing and distribution in 1969.[19][20]

RCA Victor issued several spoken word albums in the 1950s and 60s, notably the soundtracks of the films Richard III,[21] A Man for All Seasons and The Taming of the Shrew,[22] as well as complete versions of the National Theatre of Great Britain stage productions of Othello (starring Laurence Olivier) and Much Ado About Nothing (starring Maggie Smith, who also played Desdemona in the Olivier Othello). None of these albums have appeared on compact disc, but the films of Richard III, A Man For All Seasons, The Taming of the Shrew and the filmed version of Olivier's Othello have all been issued on DVD.

1960s

In 1960, RCA Victor announced the Compact 33 double extended play and singles; these were 7 inch records, which played at 33 1/3 rpm. In January 1961, the Compact 33 discs were released simultaneously with their 45 rpm counterparts. The long-term goal was to phase out the 45 rpm disc, but sales of the new records were poor and by early 1962 the campaign had failed.[23]

In 1963, RCA Victor introduced Dynagroove which added computer technology to the disc cutting process, ostensibly to improve sound reproduction. Whether or not the complex process was actually an improvement is still debated among audiophiles. RCA quietly discontinued Dynagroove around 1970.

In September 1965, RCA and Lear Jet Corp. teamed up to release the first stereo 8-track tape music Cartridges (Stereo 8) which were first used in the 1966 line of Ford automobiles and were popular throughout the late 1960s and 1970s. (The initial release comprised 175 titles from RCA Victor and RCA Camden's catalog of artists.)

In 1968, the RCA Corporation modernized its image with what was then a new futuristic-looking logo (the letters 'RCA' in block, modernized form), replacing the old lightning bolt logo, and the virtual retirement of both the Victor and Nipper/His Master's Voice trademarks. The RCA Victor Division was now known as RCA Records, 'Victor' now restricted to the album covers and labels of RCA's regular popular record releases, while the Nipper/His Master's Voice trademark was seen only on the album covers of Red Seal records. The color of the labels, which had always been black for the popular series (as opposed to the Red Seal line), was changed to a bright orange or yellow (becoming tan briefly later in 1975–76).

In late 1969, RCA Records introduced a very thin, lightweight vinyl LP known as Dynaflex. This type of pressing claimed to overcome warping and other problems in conventional thicker pressings, but it had a similarly controversial reputation, being derided by some as “Dynawarp” and precursor of the Floppy Disk. By the late 1970's, RCA Records returned to making standard vinyl records.[24]

1970s

 
Platinum record of album Nilsson Schmilsson, featuring the 1968–75 Orange RCA Victor label

In April 1970, RCA Records announced the first quadraphonic 4-channel 8-track tape cartridges ("Quad-8", later called just Q8). RCA began releasing quadraphonic vinyl recordings in the United States in February 1973, in the CD-4 format developed by its former subsidiary, the Victor Company of Japan (JVC), and made commercially practical by Quadracast Systems Inc. (QSI). RCA's trade name became "Quadradisc". The CD-4 format required a special cartridge that had a ±1 db frequency response out to 50 kHz, a CD-4 demodulator which decoded the difference between the front and rear channels from a 30 kHz subcarrier, four separate amplifier channels, and four separate speakers for the left and right front and left and right rear. Both the CD-4 Quadradisc and Quad-8 tape cartridge systems were true discrete 4–4–4 quadraphonic systems. Columbia Records introduced a quadraphonic matrix system, SQ, which required a decoder, 4-channel amplifier and the four speakers. The SQ system was referred to as a 4–2–4 matrix system. The Warner Music Group labels also adopted Quadradisc, but the format never became popular, and both RCA and Columbia abandoned quadraphonic recording by 1976; some of the RCA sessions were later remastered for Dolby encoding (same as Peter Scheiber's original matrix system) and released on CD. This included Charles Gerhardt's acclaimed series of RCA Red Seal albums devoted to classic film scores by Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Alfred Newman, Dimitri Tiomkin, Max Steiner, Franz Waxman, and others, performed by the National Philharmonic Orchestra and recorded in London's Kingsway Hall.

In order to publish music in Japan, RCA collaborated with the Victor Company of Japan's publishing wing Victor Musical Industries Inc. in 1975 to found Japanese record label RVC.

Beginning in late 1976, the RCA Corporation revived the Nipper/His Master's Voice trademark. RCA Records reinstated Nipper to most (Victor, Victrola, Red Seal and Special Products) record labels (in addition to returning to the traditional black label color for popular releases) in countries where RCA held the rights to the Nipper/His Master's Voice trademark. Nipper was once again widely used in RCA newspaper and magazine advertisements as well as store displays and promotional items such as T-shirts, posters, watches, coffee mugs and stuffed toys. The trademark was also painted on RCA delivery and service trucks.

1980s

In 1983, Arista Records owner Bertelsmann sold 50% of Arista to RCA. In 1985, Bertelsmann and RCA Records formed a joint venture called RCA/Ariola International.[25] The following year, RCA Corporation was acquired by General Electric (GE) and it sold its 50% interest in RCA Records to its partner Bertelsmann. The company was renamed BMG Music for Bertelsmann Music Group.[26] BMG revived the old RCA "lightning bolt" logo that was retired in 1968 to differentiate RCA Records from the other RCA divisions, which GE either liquidated, sold, or closed. BMG also revived the "RCA Victor" label for Red Seal, Broadway and soundtrack releases and other musical genres outside of rock, pop and country music. In 1986, Bob Buziak, formerly an artist manager, was appointed president of the label.

During the mid-1980s, RCA Records operated at a deficit, due in part to "overpriced deals" with pop stars including Kenny Rogers and Diana Ross. In 1986, the label bought back $25 million in unsold albums and lost $35 million during the fiscal year 1987. As a partial corrective, a decentralized style of management which allowed RCA Records to function as a free-standing entrepreneurial business was implemented for 1988. Buziak drastically cut the RCA roster from around 40 acts to 11, and began to rebuild it with a focus on developing artists, including artists acquired through marketing and distribution agreements with Beggars Banquet Records, a British punk rock label, and Jive Records, whose roster included Schooly D, Kool Moe Dee, and DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince.

By the end of the fiscal year 1988, RCA Records had gross revenue of $236 million in the United States, its most profitable year to date. Bruce Hornsby's The Way It Is sold more than three million albums, and the soundtrack for the film Dirty Dancing, which cost RCA $200,000 to produce, sold 15.6 million copies in less than two years. Its follow-up, More Dirty Dancing, composed of song tracks which had been left out of the first album, was produced for $80,000 and went on to sell more than 5.6 million. Among the most successful acts for RCA Records during the 1980s were the Eurythmics, Love and Rockets, Joshua Perahia, Rick Astley, Dolly Parton, Juice Newton, and Bucks Fizz.[27][28]

1990s

In August 1990 Buziak was replaced by Joe Galante, who had been the president of RCA Records Nashville division. The roster was cut once again and the A&R department was restructured. Along with the launch of BNA Records and the expansion of the urban music division, these initiatives would prove to be positive, but RCA was unsuccessful under Galante, ranking 10th in market share in 1995.[29][30][31][32] Galante returned to head the Nashville division and was replaced in March 1995 by the president of RCA Records Canada, Bob Jamieson.[33] Jamieson overhauled RCA, eliminating a layer of middle management and retooling the label's marketing department. The A&R department was again restructured and the artist roster cut.

By the close of the decade, RCA Records had undergone what Billboard described as a "remarkable turnaround" with the success of artists including Britney Spears, the Dave Matthews Band, Natalie Imbruglia, the Verve Pipe, Robyn, SWV, Christina Aguilera, NSYNC, and Foo Fighters. A distribution deal with Loud Records yielded hit records from urban artists including Big Punisher, Wu-Tang Clan and Mobb Deep.[34]

2000s

In 2002, BMG fully acquired J Records, which it had founded in 2000 as a joint venture with Clive Davis. Davis was then named chairman of RCA Records and J Records under the auspices of a new entity, the RCA Music Group, which included RCA Records, J, and Arista Records.[35] In 2004, Sony and BMG merged their music divisions to create Sony BMG, and in 2007, the RCA Music Group was rebranded as the BMG Label Group.[36] In 2006, Sony BMG merged its former Broadway music and classical labels, including Red Seal and Gold Seal, to Sony Masterworks. Legacy Recordings, Sony Music Entertainment's catalog division, reissues classic albums for RCA.

In April 2008, former Zomba Label Group president and CEO Barry Weiss was appointed chairman of the BMG Label Group, and Davis was named chief creative officer of Sony BMG worldwide. In October, Sony acquired BMG's 50% ownership and the BMG Label Group was merged with the Jive Label Group to establish the RCA/Jive Label Group. It included RCA, Jive, J, Arista, Polo Grounds, LaFace Records, Volcano Entertainment, Hitz Committee, Battery Records, and the Verity Gospel Music Group.[37][38][39]

The decade marked a period during which RCA Records had notable success in the pop genre, with Christina Aguilera, Kesha, Pink, Kelly Clarkson and Pitbull scoring multiple #1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 charts.[40]

2010s

In May 2011, former Universal Music Group CEO Doug Morris was appointed chairman of Sony Music Entertainment. Focused on A&R, Morris named Peter Edge, president of A&R at RCA and J Records, chairman and CEO of RCA Music Group. Tom Corson was named president and COO.[41] On the seventh of October of that year, the Jive, Arista and J imprints were altogether permanently merged into RCA. As a result, the RCA Music Group was then disbanded and RCA was reinstated as a standalone label under the Sony Music umbrella. Following the shutdown of the three labels, a majority of various artists from the rosters of Jive, Arista and/or J were shifted to release future material under RCA.[42][43][44][45]

During the first half of the decade, RCA released platinum and multi-platinum records by artists including A$AP Rocky, Cage the Elephant, Chris Brown, Kelly Clarkson, Miley Cyrus, D'Angelo, Dave Matthews Band, Foo Fighters, G-Eazy, Jennifer Hudson, R. Kelly, Kesha, Khalid, Alicia Keys, Kings of Leon, Miguel, Pentatonix, P!nk, Pitbull, Shakira, Sia, Britney Spears, Bryson Tiller, Justin Timberlake, T-Pain, and Tinashe. Since 2012, the label has released music by artists including: Kevin Abstract, A$AP Ferg, Becky G, Bleachers, Brockhampton, Bryson Tiller, Cam, G-Eazy, Childish Gambino, Martin Garrix, H.E.R., Normani, Kaytranada, Khalid, Kygo, Tate McRae, Mark Ronson, Sasha Sloan, Jazmine Sullivan, SZA, ZAYN.[46]

In 2015, RCA Records reinstated its classic 1968 space-age 'RCA' styled logo after utilizing the old lightning bolt logo since 1987. The lightning bolt logo is still used by RCA's Nashville division.[47]

John Fleckenstein and Joe Riccitelli were appointed as co-presidents of RCA Records in January 2018.[48] Later that year, RCA named Keith Naftaly president of A&R,[49] and Tunji Balogun executive VP of A&R.[50]

2020s

In addition to releasing successful albums by Bryson Tiller, Alicia Keys, Fousheé' and Pentatonix in 2020, RCA had #1 records with Doja Cat's "Say So" feat. Nicki Minaj; Miley Cyrus' "Plastic Hearts" and Chris Brown & Young Thug's "Go Crazy". Brockhampton's single "Sugar" was certified platinum,[51] and singles by Flo Milli[52] and Latto (formerly known as "Mulatto") were certified gold.[53] Both Doja Cat and Kaytranada received multiple Grammy nominations, including Best New Artist, H.E.R. received her 13th Grammy nomination, and the Strokes album The New Abnormal was nominated for Best Rock Album. Koffee signed with RCA just after she became the first woman and the youngest person to win the Reggae Album of the Year Grammy.[54][55] In June 2020, the label partnered with the Human Rights Campaign to present the 2020 Pride Benefit Concert, a livestream supporting LGBTQ equality in June. RCA artists including Isaac Dunbar, Cam, and Citizen Queen performed.[56] SZA released the single "Good Days" on December 25.[57]

In January 2021, Mark Pitts was appointed president of RCA Records and John Fleckenstein was named chief operating officer.[58] Jazmine Sullivan's Heaux Tales hit #1 on the Billboard R&B albums chart.[59] Tate McRae's "You Broke Me First" (stylized as "you broke me first") was quadruple platinum in Ireland, double platinum in Canada, Mexico and New Zealand, and platinum in the US, UK, Australia, Finland, France, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. She was #1 on the Billboard emerging artist chart.[60]

Broadway and Hollywood

RCA Victor has produced several notable Broadway cast albums, among them the original Broadway recordings of Brigadoon, Paint Your Wagon, the Mary Martin Peter Pan, Damn Yankees, Hello, Dolly!, Oliver!, and Fiddler on the Roof. RCA has also recorded and released recordings of revival stagings of musicals. These include the musical productions staged at Lincoln Center, such as the 1966 revivals of Show Boat and Annie Get Your Gun, the 1987 revival of Anything Goes and the 1998 Broadway revivals of Cabaret and The Sound of Music. Call Me Madam was recorded by RCA Victor with all of its original cast except for its star Ethel Merman, who, due to contractual obligations, could not be released from her American Decca Records contract. She was replaced on the RCA Victor album by Dinah Shore. RCA Victor was also responsible for the film soundtrack albums of Damn Yankees, South Pacific, Bye Bye Birdie, Half a Sixpence, and The Sound of Music. The album made from the 1965 hit Julie Andrews film was (and is) one of the best selling soundtracks of all time. The film soundtrack of Oliver!, made by Colgems Records, was distributed by RCA, which had released the Broadway cast album. RCA Victor also released the original American cast album of Hair.

Similarly, RCA Victor also made several studio cast recording albums, including a Lerner and Loewe series with Jan Peerce, Jane Powell, and Robert Merrill, as well as a 1963 album of excerpts from George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, with its 1952 revival leads, Leontyne Price and William Warfield, but a different supporting cast. They also issued two studio cast versions of Show Boat, one with Robert Merrill, Patrice Munsel, and Rise Stevens in 1956, and the other with Howard Keel, Anne Jeffreys, and Gogi Grant in 1958. Unfortunately, contrary to the way the show is written, both of these Show Boat albums featured all-white casts, reflecting the era of racial segregation.

In 2006, Sony BMG merged its Broadway music labels, including RCA Victor, to the new Masterworks Broadway Records. All of these recordings are now on Masterworks Broadway Records, which has remastered and reissued many of these albums.

Criticisms and controversies

Kenny Rogers

After Kenny Rogers left RCA Records in 1987, he accused the label of trying to ruin his career. Rogers had signed to RCA in 1982 for an advance sum of $20 million (the largest deal ever in country music up to that time) when Bob Summer was head of the label.[61]

Kelly Clarkson

In the summer of 2007, Kelly Clarkson and Clive Davis, then head of Sony BMG, feuded publicly regarding the direction of her album My December, the follow-up to Clarkson's multi-platinum album, Breakaway. Clarkson wrote the songs on My December, "showcasing her own songwriting on darker, edgier rock-oriented fare", and Davis insisted Clarkson work with hired hitmakers, as she had previously, on "polished, radio-friendly songs". Clarkson refused to change the album, and it was released in June 2007. It has since been certified platinum.[62][63][64]

Avril Lavigne

In November 2010, Avril Lavigne stated that the long delay of her fourth album, Goodbye Lullaby, was due to "a bunch of bureaucratic BS" related to RCA.[65] The album was ultimately released in March 2011. In October 2011, Lavigne confirmed that she had left RCA and signed with sister label Epic Records.[66][67]

R. Kelly

RCA ignored allegations of sexual misconduct by R. Kelly,[68][69] which included running a violent cult, wherein he held teenage individuals hostage in exchange for sexual favors.[68] Kelly continued to release music for RCA through 2018, when pressure from the Mute R. Kelly campaign mounted against him.[70] In January 2019, following the broadcast of Lifetime's documentary Surviving R. Kelly, his contract was terminated by RCA.[71][72]

Other notable events

 
Sergei Rachmaninoff's studio master recordings were believed destroyed in the demolition of RCA Victor's Camden warehouse

In the early 1920s, Victor was slow about getting deeply involved in recording and marketing black jazz and vocal blues. By the mid-to-late 1920s, Victor had signed Jelly Roll Morton, Bennie Moten, Duke Ellington and other black bands, and was becoming very competitive with Columbia and Brunswick, even starting their own V-38000 "Hot Dance" series that was marketed to all Victor dealers. They also had a V-38500 "race" (race records) series, a 23000 'hot dance' continuation of the V-38000 series, as well as a 23200 'Race' series with blues, gospel and some hard jazz. However, throughout the 1930s, RCA Victor's involvement in jazz and blues slowed down and by the time of the musicians' strike and the end of the war, Victor was neglecting the R&B (race) scene, which is one of the reasons so many independent companies sprang up so successfully.[73]

In the early 1960s, RCA Victor demolished its Camden warehouse.[74] This warehouse reportedly held four floors' worth of Victor's catalog dating back to 1902 and vault masters (most of them were pre-tape wax and metal discs), test pressings, lacquer discs, matrix ledgers, and rehearsal recordings. The company retained some of the more important masters (such as those by Enrico Caruso, Arturo Toscanini, George Gershwin and Jimmie Rodgers; why the masters of Sergei Rachmaninoff apparently weren't saved is a mystery), but it is uncertain just how many others were saved or lost. A few days before the demolition took place, some collectors from the US and Europe were allowed to go through the warehouse and salvage whatever they could carry with them for their personal collections. Soon afterward, record collectors and RCA Victor officials watched from a nearby bridge as the warehouse was dynamited, with many studio masters still intact in the building. The remnants were bulldozed into the Delaware River and a pier was built on top of them. In 1973, to celebrate the centenary of Rachmaninoff's birth, RCA decided to reissue his complete recordings on LP; RCA was forced to go to collectors for copies of certain records because their archives were incomplete, as documented in a Time magazine article.

Other RCA labels

Previous labels

Executives

[58][76]

Artists and releases

Main pages: List of RCA Records artists and Category:RCA Records artists
Main pages: Category:RCA Records singles and Category:RCA Records albums

Gallery

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    An early Canadian 45 RPM RCA Victor label

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    Label of an RCA Victor 45 rpm record from mid 1950s to 1964

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    Label of an RCA Victor 78 rpm record from the mid to late 1950s. This basic design was also used for most LPs and 45s from 1954 to 1964

  •  

    RCA used this label for its American 45 rpm records during the Dynagroove era from 1965 to 1968

  •  

    RCA's LP label during the Dynagroove era was also used for 45 rpm records in South America during the mid- to late 1960s

  •  

    An example of an RCA Compatible Discrete 4 or Quadradisc album; RCA used this label on Quadradisc LPs from 1972 to 1976

  •  

    RCA's standard "Blue Ring" Victor label used on early US CDs from 1983 to 1987

  •  

    The standard black RCA Victor label used on vinyl LPs issued in the Americas from 1976 to 1989; 45 rpm records used a similar label.

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Bryan, Martin F. Report to the Phonothèque Québécoise on the Search for Archival Documents of Berliner Gram-O-Phone Co., Victor Talking Machine Co., R.C.A. Victor Co. (Montréal), 1899–1972. Further augmented ed. Montréal: Phonothèque Québécoise, 1994. 19, [1] p.

External links

  • Official RCA Records website
  • Official RCA Label Group UK website
  • Callahan, Mike (February 13, 2018). "RCA Victor Album Discography".
  • William J. Ganz (1942). Internet Archive: Command Performance (1942) – How RCA records are made, narrated by Milton Cross.
  • RCA Victor on the Internet Archive's Great 78 Project

January 03, 2023
records, american, record, label, currently, owned, sony, music, entertainment, subsidiary, sony, corporation, america, sony, music, four, flagship, labels, alongside, former, long, time, rival, columbia, records, also, arista, records, epic, records, label, r. RCA Records is an American record label currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America It is one of Sony Music s four flagship labels alongside RCA s former long time rival Columbia Records also Arista Records and Epic Records The label has released multiple genres of music including pop classical rock hip hop afrobeat electronic R amp B blues jazz and country Its name is derived from the initials of its defunct parent company the Radio Corporation of America 3 RCA RCA Records was fully acquired by Bertelsmann in 1987 making it a part of Bertelsmann Music Group BMG and became a part of Sony BMG Music Entertainment after the 2004 merger of BMG and Sony it was acquired by the latter in 2008 after the dissolution of Sony BMG and the restructuring of Sony Music RCA Records is the corporate successor of the Victor Talking Machine Company founded in 1901 making it the second oldest record label in American history after sister label Columbia Records founded in 1889 RCA RecordsLogo used since 2015 it was first used from 1968 to 1987 Parent companySony Music Entertainment 2008 present PreviouslyConsolidated Talking Machine Company 1900 1901 Victor Talking Machine Company 1901 1929 Radio Corporation of America 1929 1986 General Electric Company 1986 1987 Bertelsmann Music Group 1987 2004 Sony BMG Music Entertainment 2004 2008 FoundedJanuary 9 1900 122 years ago 1900 01 09 as Consolidated Talking Machine Company 1 2 FounderEldridge R JohnsonEmile BerlinerDistributor s Sony Music Entertainment United States RCA Label Group International Legacy Recordings reissues GenreVariousCountry of originUnited StatesLocationNew York CityOfficial websitercarecords wbr com Contents 1 Beginnings and history 1 1 RCA Victor Custom Record Division 1 2 EMI 1 3 World War II era 1 4 The post war 1940s 1 5 1950s 1 6 1960s 1 7 1970s 1 8 1980s 1 9 1990s 1 10 2000s 1 11 2010s 1 12 2020s 2 Broadway and Hollywood 3 Criticisms and controversies 3 1 Kenny Rogers 3 2 Kelly Clarkson 3 3 Avril Lavigne 3 4 R Kelly 3 5 Other notable events 4 Other RCA labels 5 Previous labels 6 Executives 7 Artists and releases 8 Gallery 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksBeginnings and history EditFor the label s history before 1929 see Victor Talking Machine Company Classic RCA logo first retired in 1968 in use again from 1987 to 2015 In 1929 the Radio Corporation of America RCA purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company then the world s largest manufacturer of phonographs including the famous Victrola and phonograph records The company then became RCA Victor In absorbing Victor RCA acquired the New World rights to the famous Nipper His Master s Voice trademark In 1931 RCA Victor s British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board 4 In September 1931 RCA Victor introduced the first 331 3 rpm records sold to the public calling them Program Transcriptions These used a shallower and more closely spaced implementation of the large standard groove found on contemporary 78 rpm records rather than the microgroove used for post World War II 331 3 rpm LP long play records The format was a commercial failure partly because the new Victrolas with two speed turntables designed to play these records were exorbitantly priced the least expensive model retailing for 395 00 in the depths of the Great Depression The format was abandoned by 1933 and two speed turntables were no longer offered but some Program Transcriptions lingered in the Victor record catalog until the end of the 1930s 5 During the early part of the Depression RCA Victor made a number of attempts to create a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels Perfect Oriole Banner Melotone etc The first was the short lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward Bluebird Records was created in 1932 as a sub label of RCA Victor It was originally an 8 inch record with a dark blue label alongside an 8 inch Electradisk label sold at Woolworth s Neither were a success In 1933 RCA Victor reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10 inch label Bluebird s label was redesigned and it became known as the buff label Another cheap label Sunrise was produced although nobody seems to know for whom it was produced as Sunrise records are exceptionally rare today The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and the Bluebird label still survives today eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued RCA Victor also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s RCA Victor Custom Record Division Edit Besides manufacturing its own records RCA s Custom Record Division was the leading record manufacturer for independent labels 6 7 RCA s Midwestern plant in Indianapolis at 501 North LaSalle Street the site is now part of a Demolition and Blight Reduction Project 8 The Custom Division notably pressed many record compilations for The Reader s Digest Association EMI Edit RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1938 but EMI continued to distribute RCA Victor recordings in the UK and its territories on the HMV label until the late 1950s RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV recordings on the RCA Victor and custom HMV labels in North America 9 World War II era Edit During World War II ties between RCA Victor and its Japanese affiliate Victor Company of Japan Nippon Victor were severed JVC s record company is known today as Victor Entertainment and still retains the Nipper His Master s Voice trademark for use in Japan From 1942 to 1944 RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban Virtually all union musicians in the US and Canada were forbidden from making recordings during the period One of the few exceptions was the eventual release of recorded radio broadcast performances from the NBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini However RCA Victor lost the Philadelphia Orchestra during this period the orchestra s contract with RCA Victor expired during the strike and when Columbia Records settled with the union before RCA Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphians signed a new contract with Columbia and began recording in 1944 Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra would not return to RCA until 1968 The post war 1940s Edit Standard RCA Victor 78 RPM label design from just after the end of World War II until 1954 In the spring of 1946 RCA Victor replaced Victor on labels for shellac 78 rpm singles In 1949 RCA Victor introduced the 7 inch 45 rpm micro grooved vinylite record marketed simply as the 45 The new format which had been under development for several years was originally intended to replace 78 rpm discs 10 By the time RCA Victor belatedly unveiled it the 45 was now competing with the 10 inch and 12 inch 331 3 rpm microgroove vinyl LP Long Play discs introduced by arch rival Columbia Records in the early summer of 1948 In heavy promotion RCA Victor sold compact inexpensive add on and stand alone units that played the 45 rpm format exclusively At first RCA Victor s 45s were issued on colored vinyl according to the musical genre contemporary pop music on black vinyl 47 XXXX series prestigious Broadway musicals and operettas on midnight blue vinyl 52 xxxx series classical music on red vinyl 49 xxxx series country and polka on green 48 xxxx series children s fare on yellow also in the 47 xxxx series rhythm and blues on orange or cerise 50 xxxx series and international on light blue 51 xxxx series This array of colors complicated the production process and the practice was soon discontinued all records becoming black Yellow and red held on until about 1952 The first 45 rpm record manufactured was PeeWee the Piccolo RCA Victor 47 0147 pressed December 7 1948 at the Sherman Drive plant in Indianapolis The use of vinyl which was much more expensive than the gritty shellac compound normally used for 78s was actually cheaper because of the smaller diameter and greatly reduced bulk of the new records which required very little raw material The smaller lightweight discs were also more economical to store and ship 11 RCA Victor marketed the 45 as a direct replacement for 10 inch and 12 inch 78 rpm records which typically played for about three and four minutes per side respectively The company also released some extended play EP 45s with playing times up to 7 minutes per side primarily for some vocal collections and light classical selections as typified by an Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra disc featuring Tchaikovsky s Marche Slave and Ketelbey s In a Persian Market Boxed sets of four to six 45s were issued each set providing about the same amount of music as one LP An extreme case of these boxed sets was the complete recording of the opera Carmen featuring Rise Stevens and conducted by Fritz Reiner which consisted of sixteen 45 rpm discs In the case of operas symphonies and other complete recordings of classical music there was an interruption every four minutes as one record side ended and another was started up These disruptive side breaks a nuisance long familiar to listeners of album sets of classical and operatic 78 rpm records were minimized by an extremely fast automatic record changing mechanism that was a core feature of RCA Victor s 45 players Thanks in large degree to RCA Victor s massive five million dollar advertising campaign the 45 became the preferred speed for pop music singles overtaking U S sales of the same material on 78s by 1954 but Columbia s LP prevailed as the format for classical music and convenient one disc album collections of eight or more pop songs RCA Victor finally bowed to the inevitable and announced its intention to issue LPs in January 1950 1950s Edit Finally acknowledging the success of Columbia s LP format and fearful of losing further market share RCA Victor began issuing LPs itself 12 13 Among the first RCA Victor LPs released in 1950 was a performance of Gaite Parisienne by Jacques Offenbach played by Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra which had actually been recorded in Boston s Symphony Hall on June 20 1947 it was given the catalogue number LM 1001 Non classical albums were issued with the prefix LPM When RCA Victor later issued classical stereo albums in 1958 they used the prefix LSC Non classical stereo albums were issued with the prefix LSP RCA utilized these catalog prefixes until 1973 In the 1950s RCA Victor had three subsidiary or specialty labels Groove Vik and X The edition of Billboard magazine dated April 11 1953 announced a new RCA Victor subsidiary label its first to use independent distribution and was nameless when it was first revealed For the lack of any better designation Billboard chose to refer to the new unnamed label in the story as Label X the new label began to hire staffers and decide on a direction and the name stuck until 1955 RCA Victor officially announced the formation of label X on April 20 1953 Groove was an R amp B specialty label founded in 1954 and folded into Vik in 1957 14 the Vik label was discontinued the following year From the label s beginnings in 1902 and intensifying through the 1940s and 1950s RCA Victor was in direct competition with Columbia Records A number of recordings were made with the NBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini sometimes RCA Victor utilized recordings of broadcast concerts Toscanini had been recording for the label since the days of acoustic recordings and RCA Victor had been recording the NBC Symphony since its creation in 1937 After Toscanini retired in the spring of 1954 the NBC Symphony was reorganized later that year as the Symphony of the Air The orchestra while no longer connected to NBC continued to record for RCA Victor as well as other labels usually conducted by Leopold Stokowski RCA Victor also released a number of recordings with the RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra which was usually drawn from either Philadelphia or New York musicians as well as members of the Symphony of the Air and the orchestra of the Metropolitan Opera By the late 1950s RCA Victor had fewer high prestige orchestras under contract than Columbia had RCA Victor recorded the Chicago Symphony Orchestra the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Boston Pops whereas Columbia had the Cleveland Orchestra the Philadelphia Orchestra and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under contracts On October 6 1953 RCA Victor held experimental stereophonic sessions in New York City s Manhattan Center with Leopold Stokowski conducting a group of New York City musicians in performances of George Enescu s Roumanian Rhapsody No 1 and the waltz from Tchaikovsky s opera Eugene Onegin There were additional stereo tests in December again in the Manhattan Center this time with Pierre Monteux conducting members of the Boston Symphony Orchestra In February 1954 RCA Victor made its first commercial stereophonic recordings taping the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Charles Munch in a performance of The Damnation of Faust by Hector Berlioz This began a practice of simultaneously recording orchestras with both stereophonic and monaural equipment Other early stereo recordings were made of Toscanini s final NBC concerts never officially issued and Guido Cantelli respectively with the NBC Symphony Orchestra the Boston Pops Orchestra under Arthur Fiedler and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Fritz Reiner Initially RCA used RT 21 quarter inch tape recorders which ran at 30 inches per second wired to mono mixers with Neumann U 47 cardioid and M 49 50 omnidirectional microphones Then they switched to an Ampex 300 3 one half inch machine running at 15 inches per second which was later increased to 30 inches per second These recordings were initially issued in 1955 on special stereophonic reel to reel tapes and then beginning in 1958 on vinyl LPs with the Living Stereo logo RCA has continued to reissue many of these recordings on CD 15 Another 1953 project for RCA was converting the acoustically superior building Webster Hall into its main East Coast recording studio RCA operated this studio venue from 1953 to 1968 In September 1954 RCA Victor introduced Gruve Gard where the center and edge of a record are thicker than the playing area reducing scuff marks during handling and when stacked on a turntable with an automatic record changer 16 Most competitors quickly adopted the raised label and edges In 1955 RCA Victor purchased the recording contract of Elvis Presley from Sun Records for the then astronomical sum of 40 000 Presley became RCA Victor s biggest selling recording artist His first record for the label was Heartbreak Hotel recorded in January 1956 RCA Victor sold ten million Presley singles during 1956 Effective in 1957 EMI HMV ended its 55 year association with RCA Victor after EMI s acquisition of Capitol Records in 1955 17 18 Capitol then became the main distributor for EMI recordings in the Americas Decca Records became the manufacturer and distributor for RCA Victor in the United Kingdom using the RCA lightning bolt logo instead of the Nipper His Master s Voice trademark for which EMI held the rights to in the U K and Europe RCA set up its own British manufacturing and distribution in 1969 19 20 RCA Victor issued several spoken word albums in the 1950s and 60s notably the soundtracks of the films Richard III 21 A Man for All Seasons and The Taming of the Shrew 22 as well as complete versions of the National Theatre of Great Britain stage productions of Othello starring Laurence Olivier and Much Ado About Nothing starring Maggie Smith who also played Desdemona in the Olivier Othello None of these albums have appeared on compact disc but the films of Richard III A Man For All Seasons The Taming of the Shrew and the filmed version of Olivier s Othello have all been issued on DVD 1960s Edit In 1960 RCA Victor announced the Compact 33 double extended play and singles these were 7 inch records which played at 33 1 3 rpm In January 1961 the Compact 33 discs were released simultaneously with their 45 rpm counterparts The long term goal was to phase out the 45 rpm disc but sales of the new records were poor and by early 1962 the campaign had failed 23 In 1963 RCA Victor introduced Dynagroove which added computer technology to the disc cutting process ostensibly to improve sound reproduction Whether or not the complex process was actually an improvement is still debated among audiophiles RCA quietly discontinued Dynagroove around 1970 In September 1965 RCA and Lear Jet Corp teamed up to release the first stereo 8 track tape music Cartridges Stereo 8 which were first used in the 1966 line of Ford automobiles and were popular throughout the late 1960s and 1970s The initial release comprised 175 titles from RCA Victor and RCA Camden s catalog of artists In 1968 the RCA Corporation modernized its image with what was then a new futuristic looking logo the letters RCA in block modernized form replacing the old lightning bolt logo and the virtual retirement of both the Victor and Nipper His Master s Voice trademarks The RCA Victor Division was now known as RCA Records Victor now restricted to the album covers and labels of RCA s regular popular record releases while the Nipper His Master s Voice trademark was seen only on the album covers of Red Seal records The color of the labels which had always been black for the popular series as opposed to the Red Seal line was changed to a bright orange or yellow becoming tan briefly later in 1975 76 In late 1969 RCA Records introduced a very thin lightweight vinyl LP known as Dynaflex This type of pressing claimed to overcome warping and other problems in conventional thicker pressings but it had a similarly controversial reputation being derided by some as Dynawarp and precursor of the Floppy Disk By the late 1970 s RCA Records returned to making standard vinyl records 24 1970s Edit Platinum record of album Nilsson Schmilsson featuring the 1968 75 Orange RCA Victor label In April 1970 RCA Records announced the first quadraphonic 4 channel 8 track tape cartridges Quad 8 later called just Q8 RCA began releasing quadraphonic vinyl recordings in the United States in February 1973 in the CD 4 format developed by its former subsidiary the Victor Company of Japan JVC and made commercially practical by Quadracast Systems Inc QSI RCA s trade name became Quadradisc The CD 4 format required a special cartridge that had a 1 db frequency response out to 50 kHz a CD 4 demodulator which decoded the difference between the front and rear channels from a 30 kHz subcarrier four separate amplifier channels and four separate speakers for the left and right front and left and right rear Both the CD 4 Quadradisc and Quad 8 tape cartridge systems were true discrete 4 4 4 quadraphonic systems Columbia Records introduced a quadraphonic matrix system SQ which required a decoder 4 channel amplifier and the four speakers The SQ system was referred to as a 4 2 4 matrix system The Warner Music Group labels also adopted Quadradisc but the format never became popular and both RCA and Columbia abandoned quadraphonic recording by 1976 some of the RCA sessions were later remastered for Dolby encoding same as Peter Scheiber s original matrix system and released on CD This included Charles Gerhardt s acclaimed series of RCA Red Seal albums devoted to classic film scores by Erich Wolfgang Korngold Alfred Newman Dimitri Tiomkin Max Steiner Franz Waxman and others performed by the National Philharmonic Orchestra and recorded in London s Kingsway Hall In order to publish music in Japan RCA collaborated with the Victor Company of Japan s publishing wing Victor Musical Industries Inc in 1975 to found Japanese record label RVC Beginning in late 1976 the RCA Corporation revived the Nipper His Master s Voice trademark RCA Records reinstated Nipper to most Victor Victrola Red Seal and Special Products record labels in addition to returning to the traditional black label color for popular releases in countries where RCA held the rights to the Nipper His Master s Voice trademark Nipper was once again widely used in RCA newspaper and magazine advertisements as well as store displays and promotional items such as T shirts posters watches coffee mugs and stuffed toys The trademark was also painted on RCA delivery and service trucks 1980s Edit In 1983 Arista Records owner Bertelsmann sold 50 of Arista to RCA In 1985 Bertelsmann and RCA Records formed a joint venture called RCA Ariola International 25 The following year RCA Corporation was acquired by General Electric GE and it sold its 50 interest in RCA Records to its partner Bertelsmann The company was renamed BMG Music for Bertelsmann Music Group 26 BMG revived the old RCA lightning bolt logo that was retired in 1968 to differentiate RCA Records from the other RCA divisions which GE either liquidated sold or closed BMG also revived the RCA Victor label for Red Seal Broadway and soundtrack releases and other musical genres outside of rock pop and country music In 1986 Bob Buziak formerly an artist manager was appointed president of the label During the mid 1980s RCA Records operated at a deficit due in part to overpriced deals with pop stars including Kenny Rogers and Diana Ross In 1986 the label bought back 25 million in unsold albums and lost 35 million during the fiscal year 1987 As a partial corrective a decentralized style of management which allowed RCA Records to function as a free standing entrepreneurial business was implemented for 1988 Buziak drastically cut the RCA roster from around 40 acts to 11 and began to rebuild it with a focus on developing artists including artists acquired through marketing and distribution agreements with Beggars Banquet Records a British punk rock label and Jive Records whose roster included Schooly D Kool Moe Dee and DJ Jazzy Jeff amp the Fresh Prince By the end of the fiscal year 1988 RCA Records had gross revenue of 236 million in the United States its most profitable year to date Bruce Hornsby s The Way It Is sold more than three million albums and the soundtrack for the film Dirty Dancing which cost RCA 200 000 to produce sold 15 6 million copies in less than two years Its follow up More Dirty Dancing composed of song tracks which had been left out of the first album was produced for 80 000 and went on to sell more than 5 6 million Among the most successful acts for RCA Records during the 1980s were the Eurythmics Love and Rockets Joshua Perahia Rick Astley Dolly Parton Juice Newton and Bucks Fizz 27 28 1990s Edit In August 1990 Buziak was replaced by Joe Galante who had been the president of RCA Records Nashville division The roster was cut once again and the A amp R department was restructured Along with the launch of BNA Records and the expansion of the urban music division these initiatives would prove to be positive but RCA was unsuccessful under Galante ranking 10th in market share in 1995 29 30 31 32 Galante returned to head the Nashville division and was replaced in March 1995 by the president of RCA Records Canada Bob Jamieson 33 Jamieson overhauled RCA eliminating a layer of middle management and retooling the label s marketing department The A amp R department was again restructured and the artist roster cut By the close of the decade RCA Records had undergone what Billboard described as a remarkable turnaround with the success of artists including Britney Spears the Dave Matthews Band Natalie Imbruglia the Verve Pipe Robyn SWV Christina Aguilera NSYNC and Foo Fighters A distribution deal with Loud Records yielded hit records from urban artists including Big Punisher Wu Tang Clan and Mobb Deep 34 2000s Edit In 2002 BMG fully acquired J Records which it had founded in 2000 as a joint venture with Clive Davis Davis was then named chairman of RCA Records and J Records under the auspices of a new entity the RCA Music Group which included RCA Records J and Arista Records 35 In 2004 Sony and BMG merged their music divisions to create Sony BMG and in 2007 the RCA Music Group was rebranded as the BMG Label Group 36 In 2006 Sony BMG merged its former Broadway music and classical labels including Red Seal and Gold Seal to Sony Masterworks Legacy Recordings Sony Music Entertainment s catalog division reissues classic albums for RCA In April 2008 former Zomba Label Group president and CEO Barry Weiss was appointed chairman of the BMG Label Group and Davis was named chief creative officer of Sony BMG worldwide In October Sony acquired BMG s 50 ownership and the BMG Label Group was merged with the Jive Label Group to establish the RCA Jive Label Group It included RCA Jive J Arista Polo Grounds LaFace Records Volcano Entertainment Hitz Committee Battery Records and the Verity Gospel Music Group 37 38 39 The decade marked a period during which RCA Records had notable success in the pop genre with Christina Aguilera Kesha Pink Kelly Clarkson and Pitbull scoring multiple 1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 charts 40 2010s Edit In May 2011 former Universal Music Group CEO Doug Morris was appointed chairman of Sony Music Entertainment Focused on A amp R Morris named Peter Edge president of A amp R at RCA and J Records chairman and CEO of RCA Music Group Tom Corson was named president and COO 41 On the seventh of October of that year the Jive Arista and J imprints were altogether permanently merged into RCA As a result the RCA Music Group was then disbanded and RCA was reinstated as a standalone label under the Sony Music umbrella Following the shutdown of the three labels a majority of various artists from the rosters of Jive Arista and or J were shifted to release future material under RCA 42 43 44 45 During the first half of the decade RCA released platinum and multi platinum records by artists including A AP Rocky Cage the Elephant Chris Brown Kelly Clarkson Miley Cyrus D Angelo Dave Matthews Band Foo Fighters G Eazy Jennifer Hudson R Kelly Kesha Khalid Alicia Keys Kings of Leon Miguel Pentatonix P nk Pitbull Shakira Sia Britney Spears Bryson Tiller Justin Timberlake T Pain and Tinashe Since 2012 the label has released music by artists including Kevin Abstract A AP Ferg Becky G Bleachers Brockhampton Bryson Tiller Cam G Eazy Childish Gambino Martin Garrix H E R Normani Kaytranada Khalid Kygo Tate McRae Mark Ronson Sasha Sloan Jazmine Sullivan SZA ZAYN 46 In 2015 RCA Records reinstated its classic 1968 space age RCA styled logo after utilizing the old lightning bolt logo since 1987 The lightning bolt logo is still used by RCA s Nashville division 47 John Fleckenstein and Joe Riccitelli were appointed as co presidents of RCA Records in January 2018 48 Later that year RCA named Keith Naftaly president of A amp R 49 and Tunji Balogun executive VP of A amp R 50 2020s Edit In addition to releasing successful albums by Bryson Tiller Alicia Keys Foushee and Pentatonix in 2020 RCA had 1 records with Doja Cat s Say So feat Nicki Minaj Miley Cyrus Plastic Hearts and Chris Brown amp Young Thug s Go Crazy Brockhampton s single Sugar was certified platinum 51 and singles by Flo Milli 52 and Latto formerly known as Mulatto were certified gold 53 Both Doja Cat and Kaytranada received multiple Grammy nominations including Best New Artist H E R received her 13th Grammy nomination and the Strokes album The New Abnormal was nominated for Best Rock Album Koffee signed with RCA just after she became the first woman and the youngest person to win the Reggae Album of the Year Grammy 54 55 In June 2020 the label partnered with the Human Rights Campaign to present the 2020 Pride Benefit Concert a livestream supporting LGBTQ equality in June RCA artists including Isaac Dunbar Cam and Citizen Queen performed 56 SZA released the single Good Days on December 25 57 In January 2021 Mark Pitts was appointed president of RCA Records and John Fleckenstein was named chief operating officer 58 Jazmine Sullivan s Heaux Tales hit 1 on the Billboard R amp B albums chart 59 Tate McRae s You Broke Me First stylized as you broke me first was quadruple platinum in Ireland double platinum in Canada Mexico and New Zealand and platinum in the US UK Australia Finland France Malaysia the Netherlands Norway and Sweden She was 1 on the Billboard emerging artist chart 60 Broadway and Hollywood EditRCA Victor has produced several notable Broadway cast albums among them the original Broadway recordings of Brigadoon Paint Your Wagon the Mary Martin Peter Pan Damn Yankees Hello Dolly Oliver and Fiddler on the Roof RCA has also recorded and released recordings of revival stagings of musicals These include the musical productions staged at Lincoln Center such as the 1966 revivals of Show Boat and Annie Get Your Gun the 1987 revival of Anything Goes and the 1998 Broadway revivals of Cabaret and The Sound of Music Call Me Madam was recorded by RCA Victor with all of its original cast except for its star Ethel Merman who due to contractual obligations could not be released from her American Decca Records contract She was replaced on the RCA Victor album by Dinah Shore RCA Victor was also responsible for the film soundtrack albums of Damn Yankees South Pacific Bye Bye Birdie Half a Sixpence and The Sound of Music The album made from the 1965 hit Julie Andrews film was and is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time The film soundtrack of Oliver made by Colgems Records was distributed by RCA which had released the Broadway cast album RCA Victor also released the original American cast album of Hair Similarly RCA Victor also made several studio cast recording albums including a Lerner and Loewe series with Jan Peerce Jane Powell and Robert Merrill as well as a 1963 album of excerpts from George Gershwin s Porgy and Bess with its 1952 revival leads Leontyne Price and William Warfield but a different supporting cast They also issued two studio cast versions of Show Boat one with Robert Merrill Patrice Munsel and Rise Stevens in 1956 and the other with Howard Keel Anne Jeffreys and Gogi Grant in 1958 Unfortunately contrary to the way the show is written both of these Show Boat albums featured all white casts reflecting the era of racial segregation In 2006 Sony BMG merged its Broadway music labels including RCA Victor to the new Masterworks Broadway Records All of these recordings are now on Masterworks Broadway Records which has remastered and reissued many of these albums Criticisms and controversies EditKenny Rogers Edit After Kenny Rogers left RCA Records in 1987 he accused the label of trying to ruin his career Rogers had signed to RCA in 1982 for an advance sum of 20 million the largest deal ever in country music up to that time when Bob Summer was head of the label 61 Kelly Clarkson Edit In the summer of 2007 Kelly Clarkson and Clive Davis then head of Sony BMG feuded publicly regarding the direction of her album My December the follow up to Clarkson s multi platinum album Breakaway Clarkson wrote the songs on My December showcasing her own songwriting on darker edgier rock oriented fare and Davis insisted Clarkson work with hired hitmakers as she had previously on polished radio friendly songs Clarkson refused to change the album and it was released in June 2007 It has since been certified platinum 62 63 64 Avril Lavigne Edit In November 2010 Avril Lavigne stated that the long delay of her fourth album Goodbye Lullaby was due to a bunch of bureaucratic BS related to RCA 65 The album was ultimately released in March 2011 In October 2011 Lavigne confirmed that she had left RCA and signed with sister label Epic Records 66 67 R Kelly Edit RCA ignored allegations of sexual misconduct by R Kelly 68 69 which included running a violent cult wherein he held teenage individuals hostage in exchange for sexual favors 68 Kelly continued to release music for RCA through 2018 when pressure from the Mute R Kelly campaign mounted against him 70 In January 2019 following the broadcast of Lifetime s documentary Surviving R Kelly his contract was terminated by RCA 71 72 Other notable events Edit Sergei Rachmaninoff s studio master recordings were believed destroyed in the demolition of RCA Victor s Camden warehouse In the early 1920s Victor was slow about getting deeply involved in recording and marketing black jazz and vocal blues By the mid to late 1920s Victor had signed Jelly Roll Morton Bennie Moten Duke Ellington and other black bands and was becoming very competitive with Columbia and Brunswick even starting their own V 38000 Hot Dance series that was marketed to all Victor dealers They also had a V 38500 race race records series a 23000 hot dance continuation of the V 38000 series as well as a 23200 Race series with blues gospel and some hard jazz However throughout the 1930s RCA Victor s involvement in jazz and blues slowed down and by the time of the musicians strike and the end of the war Victor was neglecting the R amp B race scene which is one of the reasons so many independent companies sprang up so successfully 73 In the early 1960s RCA Victor demolished its Camden warehouse 74 This warehouse reportedly held four floors worth of Victor s catalog dating back to 1902 and vault masters most of them were pre tape wax and metal discs test pressings lacquer discs matrix ledgers and rehearsal recordings The company retained some of the more important masters such as those by Enrico Caruso Arturo Toscanini George Gershwin and Jimmie Rodgers why the masters of Sergei Rachmaninoff apparently weren t saved is a mystery but it is uncertain just how many others were saved or lost A few days before the demolition took place some collectors from the US and Europe were allowed to go through the warehouse and salvage whatever they could carry with them for their personal collections Soon afterward record collectors and RCA Victor officials watched from a nearby bridge as the warehouse was dynamited with many studio masters still intact in the building The remnants were bulldozed into the Delaware River and a pier was built on top of them In 1973 to celebrate the centenary of Rachmaninoff s birth RCA decided to reissue his complete recordings on LP RCA was forced to go to collectors for copies of certain records because their archives were incomplete as documented in a Time magazine article Other RCA labels EditRCA Records UK A division of Sony Music UK since 2006 which acts as an import label of American and multinational Sony Music artists and also signs UK and Irish artists including Paloma Faith Everything Everything Laura Mvula Little Mix Olly Murs and Kodaline RCA Red Seal Records The RCA Red Seal classical music label is now part of Sony Masterworks RCA Records France A division of Sony Music France Founded as RCA Cinematre in 1978 Renamed to its current name in 2006 Absorbed sister division Jive Epic in 2019 RCA Records Italy A division of Sony Music Italy Founded as RCA Italiana in 1949 It was closed in 1987 and reactivated in 2006 RCA Victor The former name of RCA Records until late 1968 It is currently active as a subsidiary that currently distributes electronic rock and soundtrack albums such as The Sound of Music soundtrack Jose Feliciano s Feliz Navidad the European release of The Fashion by the Fashion American releases of albums by Imogen Heap Many Elvis Presley and most early RCA albums were initially released when RCA was named RCA Victor and some re releases of these albums list the label as RCA Victor RCA Records Australia A division of Sony Music Australia Founded in 1963 for Australian artists Renamed to RCA Limited Australia and New Zealand in 1976 for Australian and New Zealand artists Renamed to its current name in 2006 Bluebird Records Launched by RCA Victor in 1932 Bluebird was originally a low priced label putting out mainly jazz blues and country music The Bluebird label currently offers mostly jazz releases as well as some reissues of historic jazz swing and pop titles originally released on the RCA Victor label RCA Inspiration A division of Sony Music Entertainment The label puts out mainly Urban contemporary gospel music The label replaced Verity Gospel Music Group in 2013 Previous labels EditRCA Victor Label Group The RCA Victor Label Group consisted of the RCA Victor Windham Hill Records and Bluebird Records labels RCA distributed labels A amp M Records 75 Colpix Records Colgems Records Chart Records Calendar Kirshner Chelsea Records Grunt Records Windstar Records Midland International Loud Records 20th Century Fox Records Planet Records Total Experience Records Wooden Nickel Records Millennium Records Duble Kick Entertainment and Tortoise International Records Detroit Black Seal Music A short lived imprint of RCA Records that released indie rock music Artists who recorded on Black Seal include Albert Hammond Jr Audrye Sessions and Cory Chisel and the Wandering Sons Executives EditPeter Edge Chairman and CEO John Fleckenstein COO Mark Pitts President Keith Naftaly President of A amp R 58 76 Artists and releases EditMain pages List of RCA Records artists and Category RCA Records artists Main pages Category RCA Records singles and Category RCA Records albumsGallery Edit An early Canadian 45 RPM RCA Victor label Label of an RCA Victor 45 rpm record from mid 1950s to 1964 Label of an RCA Victor 78 rpm record from the mid to late 1950s This basic design was also used for most LPs and 45s from 1954 to 1964 RCA used this label for its American 45 rpm records during the Dynagroove era from 1965 to 1968 RCA s LP label during the Dynagroove era was also used for 45 rpm records in South America during the mid to late 1960s An example of an RCA Compatible Discrete 4 or Quadradisc album RCA used this label on Quadradisc LPs from 1972 to 1976 RCA s standard Blue Ring Victor label used on early US CDs from 1983 to 1987 The standard black RCA Victor label used on vinyl LPs issued in the Americas from 1976 to 1989 45 rpm records used a similar label See also EditRCA Victrola RCA Studio BPortals Companies MusicReferences Edit Cole Tom September 30 2010 Why Records Are 12 Inches Wide NPR org Retrieved July 2 2019 Hoffman Frank 2004 Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound Routledge p 258 ISBN 1135949506 RCA Radio Corporation of America EHTW org Engingeering and Technology History Wiki Retrieved August 19 2015 Sanjek Russell July 28 1998 American Popular Music and Its Business The First Four Hundred Years London Oxford University Press p 118 ISBN 9780195043112 Retrieved August 19 2015 Edward David et al RCA Program Transcription Album Discography 1931 33 bsnpubs com Both Sides Now Publications Retrieved August 19 2015 Billboard October 6 1958 Speed and Quality Go Together at RCA Records advertisement Vol 70 no 40 p 26 Retrieved August 19 2015 via Google Books a href Template Cite magazine html title Template Cite magazine cite magazine a Cite magazine requires magazine help Matrix coding 2015 updated June 2020 RCA Victor Master Serial Number Codes 1942 1980 at Discogs thread 694503 by W B Retrieved December 30 2020 501 N Lasalle St 501 N Lasalle St Indianapolis IN 46201 Google com Retrieved October 6 2021 Penndorf Ronald 1938 2014 RCA Victor Red Seal Labelography 19501976 Recollections blog Fine Vintage LPs and Journal of Recorded Music Berkeley California Ronald Penndorf editor amp publisher Archived from the original on January 11 2012 Retrieved January 8 2012 via Wayback Machine McCullers Carson Mrs Carson Smith McCullers 19 Feb 1917 29 Sept 1967 Author Who Was Who Oxford University Press December 1 2007 doi 10 1093 ww 9780199540884 013 u50658 retrieved November 29 2020 Dawson Jim and Propes Steve October 1 2003 45 Rpm The History Heroes and Villains of a Pop Music Revolution Backbeat Books p 37 ISBN 0879307579 Retrieved August 19 2015 Wallerstein Edward LPs historic Musicinthemail com Retrieved January 8 2012 Diskery Goes 33 in March To Service Entire Market 45 Promotion in High Gear Billboard January 7 1950 Retrieved January 8 2012 Marion JC 2005 Label X Jamm Upp 2 36 The History of Living Stereo RCA Victor liner notes Hough Clint Bringing on back the good times Sixties City Retrieved January 8 2012 Nielsen Business Media Inc March 17 1956 Billboard Nielsen Business Media Inc pp 14 ISSN 0006 2510 Sir George Martin Jeremy Hornsby October 15 1994 All You Need Is Ears The Inside Personal Story of the Genius who Created The Beatles St Martin s Press pp 84 ISBN 978 0 312 11482 4 Trade Mark Details as at 13 November 2012 Case details for Trade Mark 325592 United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office September 7 2009 Retrieved November 13 2012 British RCA to Cut Decca Ltd Tie In U K Eire amp Form Own Set Up Billboard November 4 1967 Retrieved August 19 2015 Richard III 1955 Soundtrack details SoundtrackCollector com May 13 2007 Retrieved January 8 2012 Taming Of The Shrew The Various Artists Read reviews and compare prices at Ciao co uk Cd ciao co uk July 26 1999 Retrieved June 8 2012 The Rise and Fall of the Compact 33 Record Megocollector com December 18 2009 Retrieved January 8 2012 Museum Of Obsolete Media obsoletemedia org Retrieved January 2 2023 RCA Now Elvis rocked for Bertelsmann too PDF Bertelsmann Worldwide Media archived from the original PDF on May 14 2011 retrieved June 22 2010 Hennessey Mike September 20 1986 RCA Deal Gives Bertelsmann Multinational Label Ranking Billboard Vol 98 no 3B Nielsen Business Media Inc Retrieved January 8 2012 Knoedelselder William Jr September 18 1998 Rap On RCA Records The Original U S Record Company Is Back In Groove Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 14 2015 Dannen Frederic July 2 1991 Hit Men Power Brokers and Fast Money Inside the Music Business New York Random House p 260 ISBN 9780679730613 Retrieved August 14 2015 New York Times staff August 9 1990 New Chief at RCA Records The New York Times Retrieved August 15 2015 Newman Melinda November 28 1992 Novik Knows the Score in RCA s New Talent Drive Billboard Retrieved August 15 2015 Jeffrey Don April 8 1995 Jamieson Named RCA President After 7 Month Search Billboard Retrieved August 15 2015 Haring Bruce May 13 1993 RCA prexy gives Nipper something to bark about Variety Retrieved August 15 2015 Phillips Chuck March 28 1995 Company Town BMG Names Insider to Head RCA Records Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 16 2015 Baumgartner Bradley May 23 1998 Retooled RCA Is Once Again A Hitmaker Billboard Retrieved August 16 2015 Holloway Lynette November 20 2002 BMG Buys J Records and Shuffles Executives The New York Times Retrieved August 17 2015 Garrity Brian December 25 2004 Music Biz Gets a Makeover Billboard Retrieved August 18 2015 Grover Ron August 6 2008 Sony Buys the Rest of Ailing Sony BMG Businessweek Retrieved August 19 2015 Deal with RCA JIVE Brings Music Stars to BAT s Endorsement Platform The Business Journals Via PR Newswire The Business Journals Via PR Newswire October 12 2010 Retrieved August 19 2015 RCA JIVE Label Group is comprised of RCA Music Group J Records Arista Records RCA Records Polo Grounds and Battery Records and JIVE Label Group Jive Records LaFace Records Volcano Entertainment Battery Records and Verity Gospel Music Group Mumbai Moody Nekesa April 18 2008 Clive Davis replaced by Barry Weiss as BMG head USA Today Retrieved August 19 2015 The Hot 100 2000s Archive billboard com Billboard September 12 2008 Retrieved August 19 2015 Szalai Doug August 8 2011 Peter Edge Named CEO of Sony s RCA Music Group Hollywood Reporter Retrieved August 19 2015 Halperin Shirley October 7 2011 RCA Execs Confirm Jive and Arista Labels Shut Down Hollywood Reporter Retrieved June 24 2015 Lewis Randy October 7 2011 RCA is Slimming Down for the Holidays Los Angeles Times Retrieved June 24 2015 Halperin Shirley October 7 2011 RCA s Peter Edge Tom Corson on the Shuttering of Jive J and Arista Billboard biz Retrieved January 8 2012 Billboard staff August 8 2011 Peter Edge Appointed CEO of RCA Music Group Billboard biz Archived from the original on January 16 2013 Retrieved January 8 2012 Gold amp Platinum RIAA RIAA Retrieved February 12 2018 Iconic signs at Nashville s historic Studio A return after nearly 50 years The Tennessean Retrieved May 25 2019 John Fleckenstein and Joe Riccitelli Upped to Co Presidents at RCA Records Variety January 19 2018 Retrieved February 12 2018 RCA Records promotes Keith Naftaly to President A amp R Music Business Worldwide Music Business Worldwide May 14 2018 Retrieved May 14 2018 Tunji Balogun launches label JV with RCA Records as he s promoted to EVP of A amp R Music Business Worldwide April 9 2018 Retrieved May 25 2019 Brockhampton Finally Scored Its Hit Single And Shia LaBeouf Helped Make It Possible Billboard February 6 2020 Retrieved February 4 2021 Belle Christopher Stephanie Long Joelle Grace Taylor Abs Petit Khalea Now That She s Stuck In Your Head Flo Milli Is Just Getting Started Refinery29 com Retrieved February 4 2021 Saint Vil Sweenie August 18 2020 Mulatto enters Billboard Hot 100 for the first time ever REVOLT Retrieved February 4 2021 63rd Annual GRAMMY Awards GRAMMY com December 15 2020 Retrieved February 4 2021 Leight Elias February 7 2020 Koffee Makes History With Grammy Win Signs With RCA Rolling Stone Retrieved February 4 2021 5 Highlights From RCA Records amp Human Rights Campaign s Pride Benefit Concert Billboard June 30 2020 Retrieved February 4 2021 LISTEN SZA s Good Days Is Her Second New Song Of 2020 UPROXX December 25 2020 Retrieved February 8 2021 a b RCA Records Promotes Mark Pitts to President John Fleckenstein to COO Billboard January 14 2021 Retrieved January 19 2021 Anderson Trevor January 22 2021 Jazmine Sullivan s Heaux Tales Tops R amp B Albums Chart Billboard com a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Rising global superstar Tate McRae releases new track amp music video rubberband Pop inquirer net January 26 2021 Retrieved February 8 2021 Holden Steven July 28 1982 The Pop Life Gambling on Kenny Rogers The New York Times Retrieved October 5 2015 Newman Melinda April 3 2015 Now Free From Her Idol Contract What s Kelly Clarkson Worth Billboard Retrieved August 8 2015 Benjamin Jeff March 3 2015 9 Times Kelly Clarkson Kept it Real Fuse Retrieved August 8 2015 Du Lac J Freedom June 26 2007 My December Kelly Clarkson Striking Out On Her Own The Washington Post Retrieved August 22 2015 The Official Avril Lavigne Site Avril Lavigne Archived from the original on January 17 2011 Retrieved January 8 2012 Audio Player 92 5 THE BEAT Montreal s Best Music Variety Radio Station Archived from the original MP3 audio on May 21 2013 Retrieved January 8 2012 Halperin Shirley November 17 2011 Avril Lavigne Shifts to Epic Records Reunites With L A Reid Billboard Retrieved January 8 2012 a href Template Cite magazine html title Template Cite magazine cite magazine a CS1 maint url status link a b How the music industry overlooked R Kelly s alleged abuse of young women The Washington Post web archive org May 4 2018 Retrieved December 12 2022 Schatz Lake January 16 2019 Video surfaces proving R Kelly definitely knew Aaliyah was only 15 at the time of marriage Consequence Retrieved December 12 2022 Farley Rebecca MuteRKelly Got Live amp Personal At A Rally In New York City www refinery29 com Retrieved December 12 2022 Grady Constance January 18 2019 R Kelly s music label has reportedly dropped him Vox Retrieved December 12 2022 RCA Records Cuts Ties With R Kelly Amid Sexual Abuse Allegations www wbur org Retrieved December 12 2022 RCA Victor elvispresleymuseum Archived from the original on June 11 2017 Retrieved May 2 2017 Label RCA Victor RateyourMusic com Passman Donald Pressing amp Distribution Deals taxi com Taxi The World s Leading Independent A amp R Company Archived from the original on December 29 2017 Retrieved December 20 2015 John Fleckenstein and Joe Riccitelli Upped to Co Presidents at RCA Records Variety January 19 2018 Retrieved February 5 2018 Further reading EditBryan Martin F Report to the Phonotheque Quebecoise on the Search for Archival Documents of Berliner Gram O Phone Co Victor Talking Machine Co R C A Victor Co Montreal 1899 1972 Further augmented ed Montreal Phonotheque Quebecoise 1994 19 1 p External links EditOfficial RCA Records website Official RCA Label Group UK website Callahan Mike February 13 2018 RCA Victor Album Discography William J Ganz 1942 Internet Archive Command Performance 1942 How RCA records are made narrated by Milton Cross RCA Victor on the Internet Archive s Great 78 Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title RCA Records amp oldid 1131118309, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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