fbpx
Wikipedia

Ram Mandir

May 11, 2024

For other uses, see Ram Mandir (disambiguation).

The Ram Mandir (lit. 'Rama Temple') is a partially constructed Hindu temple complex in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.[6][7] Many Hindus believe that it is located at the site of Ram Janmabhoomi, the mythical birthplace of Rama, a principal deity of Hinduism.[8][9][10] The temple was inaugurated[7] on 22 January 2024 after a prana pratishtha (consecration) ceremony.[6][10] On the first day of its opening, following the consecration, the temple received a rush of over half a million visitors,[11] and after a month, the average number of visitors was reported to be "1 to 1.5 lakh (100,000 to 150,000) on a daily basis".[12]

Ram Mandir
Religion
AffiliationHinduism
DeityRam Lalla (infant form of Rama)
Governing bodyShri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra
StatusUnder construction[a](consecrated 22 January 2024; 3 months ago (2024-01-22)[1])
Location
LocationRam Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya, UP, India
Geographic coordinates26°47′44″N 82°11′39″E / 26.7956°N 82.1943°E / 26.7956; 82.1943
Architecture
Architect(s)Sompura family[b]
StyleNagara style
Groundbreaking5 August 2020; 3 years ago (2020-08-05)[4]
Specifications
Length110 metres (360 ft)
Width72 metres (235 ft)
Height (max)49 metres (161 ft)[5]
Site area1.1 hectares (2.7 acres)[5]
Website
Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra

The site of the temple has been the subject of communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India, as it is the former location of the Babri Masjid mosque, which was built between 1528 and 1529. The idols of Rama and Sita were placed in the mosque in 1949, before it was attacked and demolished in 1992.[13][14][15] In 2019, the Supreme Court of India delivered the verdict to give the disputed land to Hindus for construction of a temple, while Muslims were given land nearby in Dhannipur in Ayodhya to construct a mosque.[16] The court referenced a report from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as evidence suggesting the presence of a structure beneath the demolished Babri Masjid, that was found to be non-Islamic.[17]

On 5 August 2020, the bhumi pujan (transl. ground breaking ceremony) for the commencement of the construction of Ram Mandir was performed by Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India.[18] The temple complex, currently under construction, is being supervised by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust. On 22 January 2024, Modi served as the Mukhya Yajman (transl. chief patron) of rituals for the event and performed the prana pratishtha (transl. consecration) of the temple.[19][20] The prana pratishtha ceremony was organised by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra.[21][22]

The temple construction has been accompanied by a $10 billion plan "encompassing a new airport, revamped railway station, and township development" to transform the ancient Ayodhya city into a global religious and spiritual tourist destination.[23][24] The temple has also attracted a number of controversies due to alleged misuse of donation, sidelining of its major activists, and politicisation of the temple by the Bharatiya Janata Party.[25][26][27][28]

Rama

Significance of Rama

 
Ram Lalla, the five-year old form of Rama is the principal deity of the Ram Mandir.

Rama is a prominent Hindu deity who is regarded as a Pūrṇāvatāra (lit. 'complete avatar') of the God Vishnu.[c] and some Hindus view Rama as Para Brahman (lit. 'The ultimate Brahman'). Rama holds huge significance in Hindu culture and religion. In the Rama avatar, Vishnu is not supposed to exhibit any of his divine potencies and lead life as a human.[30] As Rama is said to have possessed sixteen ideal qualities, Hindus view Rama as Puruṣottama (lit. 'The ideal man'), Vigrahavān dharmaḥ (lit. 'Embodiment of Dharma') and Ādi Puruṣa .[31][32][d] According to the Hindu epic Ramayana, Rama was born in Ayodhya.[33] Ayodhya is among seven most sacred cities to Hindus.[34]

Pilgrim site

Three places in Ayodhya are considered as prominent puṇya kṣetra (lit. 'virtued pilgrimage site') by Hindus. They are Janmasthāna (lit. 'The birthplace'), Svargadvāra (lit. 'The gateway to Heaven') and Yajñasthala (lit. 'Place where holy sacrifice was performed'). Temples commemorating these events used to exist in olden days as Janmasthān temple, Svargadvār temple and Trētā-kā-Thākūr temple respectively. However, they were destroyed during Islamic rule in the medieval ages and mosques were built.[35][36] While Marxist historians like Irfan Habib agree about the fate of Svargadvar and Treta-ka-Thakur temples, there is some lack of consensus among scholars whether Janmasthan temple was destroyed or not during Medieval rule which eventually led to Ayodhya dispute that was resolved legally.[37] The Trayodaśakṣarī mantra (Sanskrit: त्रयोदशाक्षरी मंत्र, lit. '13-character mantra') also known as Śrī Rāma Tāraka Mantra (lit. 'The Rama mantra for Salvation') is Śrī Rāma Jaya Rāma Jaya Jaya Rāma (Sanskrit: श्री राम जय राम जय जय राम​) and many Hindus believe that chanting it repeatedly lead to salvation.[38][39] Tāraka means something that carries or helps a Jīva (lit. 'a living being') cross the ocean of samsara. Devotees of Rama such as Valmiki, Tulsidas, Bhadrachala Ramadasu, Samartha Ramadas, Tyagaraja, Purandara Dasa, Gondavalekar Maharaj and Mahatma Gandhi popularised this mantra.[40]

Deity

See also: Balak Ram

Ram Mandir is being built to commemorate the birth of Rama at his Janmasthan. Therefore, the presiding deity of the temple is supposed to be the infant form of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu. Rama in that infant form was referred as Ram Lalla (lit. 'Child Rama') by Tulsidas. However, the idol of Rama that was placed in 1949 referred to as Ram Lalla Virajman (lit. 'Installed Child Rama') by local Hindus.[41] Ram Lalla was a litigant in the court case over the disputed site in 1989, being considered a "juristic person" by the law.[3] He was represented by Triloki Nath Pandey, a senior VHP leader who was considered Ram Lalla's closest 'human' friend.[41] As a new idol of the deity got installed in the sanctum sanctorum as the Mūlavirāt mūrti (lit. The main presiding deity),[e] the Mandir Trust has informed that the Ram Lalla Virajman idol of 1949 shall henceforth be used as Utsava mūrti (lit. idol for festivals).[44]

History

See also: Ram Janmabhoomi and Ayodhya dispute

The site is the former location of the Babri Masjid, which was built in the 16th century. The mosque was attacked and demolished in 1992.[13][14][15] In 2019, the Supreme Court of India delivered the verdict to give the disputed land to Hindus for the construction of a temple, while Muslims would be given land elsewhere to construct a mosque.[45]

Medieval

 
1717 CE Map of Ayodhya's Ram Mandir at Jaipur City Palace

In 1528, the commander of the Mughal Empire, Mir Baqi, constructed the Babri Masjid mosque, under the order of Babur, on the site of the Ram Janmabhoomi, the mythical birthplace of Rama.[46][page needed] The earliest record of the mosque may be traced back to 1767, in the Latin book Descriptio Indiae, authored by the Jesuit missionary Joseph Tiefenthaler. According to him, the local population believed that the mosque was constructed by destroying the Ramkot temple, believed to be the fortress of Rama in Ayodhya, and the Bedi, where the birthplace of Rama is situated.[47][48]

Modern

 
Ram Janmbhoomi Mandir in 2024

Disputed location

The first instance of religious violence was documented in 1853.[49] In December 1858, the British administration prohibited Hindus from conducting puja (rituals) at the contested site. A platform was created for conducting rituals outside the mosque.[50]

The murtis (transl. sacred images) of Rama and Sita were installed inside the Babri Masjid on the night of 22–23 December 1949 and the devotees began to gather the next day.[13][51] By 1950, the state took control of the mosque under Section 145 CrPC and allowed Hindus, not Muslims, to perform their worship at the site.[52]

In the 1980s, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), belonging to the Hindu nationalist family, Sangh Parivar, launched a new movement to reclaim the site for Hindus and to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama (Ram Lalla) at this spot. The VHP began to collect funds and bricks with "Jai Shri Ram" written on them. Later, the government under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi gave the VHP permission for Shilanyas (transl. the foundation stone ceremony) to proceed, with the then Home Minister, Buta Singh, formally conveying the permission to the VHP leader, Ashok Singhal. Initially, the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh had agreed that the shilanyas would be conducted outside of the disputed site. However, on 9 November 1989, a group of VHP leaders and Sadhus laid the foundation stone by digging a 200-litre (7-cubic-foot) pit adjacent to the disputed land. The singhdwar (transl. main entrance) of the sanctum sanctorum was constructed there.[53] The VHP then laid the foundations of a temple on the land adjacent to the disputed mosque.

Demolition of the Babri Masjid

On 6 December 1992, the VHP and the Bharatiya Janata Party organised a rally at the site involving 150,000 volunteers, known as karsevaks. The rally turned violent, the crowd overwhelmed the security forces and tore down the mosque.[54][55]

The demolition of the mosque resulted in several months of inter-communal violence between India's Hindu and Muslim communities, causing the death of an estimated 2,000 people in Bombay (now Mumbai) as a direct consequence, and triggering riots all over the Indian subcontinent.[56] A day after the demolition of the mosque, on 7 December 1992, The New York Times reported that over 30 Hindu temples across Pakistan were attacked, some set on fire, and one was demolished. Hindu temples in Bangladesh were also attacked.[54]

On 5 July 2005, five terrorists attacked the makeshift Ram temple at the site of the destroyed Babri Masjid in Ayodhya. All five were shot dead in the ensuing encounter with the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), while one civilian died in the grenade attack that the attackers launched to breach the cordoned wall. The CRPF suffered three casualties, two of whom were seriously injured with multiple gunshot wounds.[57][58]

ASI excavations

Reports on two archaeological excavations in 1978 and 2003 conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) claimed to have found evidence indicating that a temple existed on the site.[59][60] The claims were heavily disputed by critics as contradictory and unreliable.[61][62][63][64][65] Archaeologist K. K. Muhammed maintained that remains of a Hindu temple were found in 1978, and accused several historians of averting a settlement for the dispute.[66]

Court rulings

Over the years, various title and legal disputes took place, such as the passage of the Acquisition of Certain Areas at Ayodhya Act in 1993. In 2010, the Allahabad High Court ruled that the 1.12 hectares (2.77 acres) of disputed land be divided into three parts, one going to the Ram Lalla or Infant Rama, represented by the Hindu Mahasabha for the construction of the Ram temple, one going to the Muslim Sunni Waqf Board, and one going to Hindu religious denomination Nirmohi Akhara.[8][67] All three parties involved appealed against the division of disputed land to the Supreme Court.[68][69]

In the Supreme Court's verdict on the Ayodhya dispute in 2019, it was decided that the disputed land would be handed over to a trust formed by the Government of India for the construction of a Ram temple.[70][71]

The court referenced the 2003 report from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), as evidence suggesting the presence of a structure beneath the demolished Babri Masjid, that was found to be non-Islamic.[72][73] The Supreme Court, in its landmark judgement concluded that the underlying structure beneath the mosque was not an Islamic structure, and also concluded that no evidence was found that a non-Islamic structure was specifically demolished for the construction of the Babri Masjid.[73][74] Another salient aspect in the apex court's judgement is on the question on the claim of Hindus that disputed structure as the birthplace of Rama. The court observed that the Hindu claim is 'undisputed' and opined that there is clear evidence that Hindus believed that site to be Rama's birthplace.[75][76]

Trust formation and start of construction

The trust was eventually formed under the name of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra. On 5 February 2020, it was announced in the Parliament of India that the government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi had accepted a plan to construct the temple. Two days later, on 7 February, 2.0 hectares (5 acres) of land was allocated for a new mosque to be built 22 km (14 mi) away from Ayodhya City in Dhannipur village, Ayodhya.[70][71]

Architecture

See also: Hindu temple architecture

The original design for Ram Mandir was devised in 1988 by the Sompura family of Ahmedabad.[3] The Sompuras have contributed to the design of over 100 temples worldwide for at least 15 generations, including the Somnath temple.[77] The chief architect of the temple was Chandrakant Sompura, assisted by his two sons, Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura, who are also architects.[78]

A new design, with some changes from the original, was prepared by the Sompuras in 2020,[78] per the Hindu texts, the Vastu shastra and the Shilpa shastras.[79] The temple will be 250 feet (76 m) wide, 380 feet (120 m) long and 161 feet (49 m) high.[80] Upon completion, the temple complex became the world's third largest Hindu temple.[78] It is designed in the Māru-Gurjara architecture of Nagara style, a type of Hindu temple architecture found primarily in northern India.[77] A model of the proposed temple was showcased during the Prayag Kumbh Mela in 2019.[81]

The temple's main structure has been built on a raised platform with three storeys. It has five mandapas in the middle of the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) and on the entrance passage. The Shri Ram Darbar, located on the first floor, comprises five halls – Nritya Mandap, Rang Mandap, Sabha Mandap, Prarthana Mandap, and Kirtan Mandap. In Nagara style, the mandapas are decorated with shikharas.[82][83] Adorned with deity statues, the temple includes dedicated mandirs for Surya, Bhagwati, Ganesh, and Shiv at the corners. Annapurna and Hanuman temples are on the northern and southern arms. The foundation features a 14-metre (46 ft)-thick roller-compacted concrete layer resembling artificial rock, with a 21-foot (6.4 m) granite plinth for moisture protection, avoiding iron use. Accessibility is ensured with ramps, lifts, and facilities for the elderly and differently-abled. A pilgrims facility centre for 25,000 people offers medical and locker services. Environmental focus preserves 70% of the 70-acre (28 ha) area as green space, emphasising water conservation.[84][85][86]

The temple has a total of 366 columns. The columns have 16 idols each to include the incarnations of Shiva, the 10 Dashavataras, the Chausath Yoginis, and the 12 incarnations of the goddess Saraswati. The width of the stairs are 16 feet (4.9 m). Per scriptures dedicated to the design of temples dedicated to Vishnu, the sanctum sanctorum is octagonal in shape.[79] The temple covers an area of 4.0 hectares (10 acres), while the remaining 23 hectares (57 acres) of land has been developed into a complex with a prayer hall, a lecture hall, an educational facility and other facilities including a museum and a cafeteria.[53][additional citation(s) needed] According to the temple committee, the site has a capability to handle 70,000 visitors.[87] Larsen & Toubro offered to oversee the design and construction of the temple free of cost, and became the contractor of the project.[88][89] The Central Building Research Institute, National Geophysical Research Institute and the Bombay, Guwahati and Madras IITs have assisted in areas such as soil testing, concrete supply and design.[90][91]

The construction work has been accomplished with 600,000 cubic feet (17,000 m3) of sandstone from Baansi in Rajasthan.[79] No iron and steel has been used in the construction of the temple, and the fusing of the stone blocks has required ten thousand copper plates.[92] In a culturally significant move, Thailand also symbolically contributed to the inauguration of the Ram Mandir, by sending soil to the Ram Janmabhoomi, building on their prior gesture of sending water from two rivers in Thailand to honour the temple.[93]

According to the temple trust, the final blueprint of Ram Mandir included temples dedicated to Surya, Ganesha, Shiva, Durga, Vishnu and Brahma in the temple grounds.[94]

Fundraising

The Ram Mandir was built with funds gained through a huge fundraising drives, involving nearly two million volunteers. The first to contribute was then-president Ramnath Kovind was the first to contribute, donating ₹500,000 on 14 January 2021.[95] Over 127 million donations amounting to approximately ₹50 billion were received by the temple.[96][97][98][99] Some media outlets in India claimed that the construction of the Ram mandir was one of the worlds biggest crowd funded projects.[100] Fundraising by the Mandir trust has ended on 27 February 2021.[101]

In 2015, the Hindu Mahasabha, among the leading organisation involved in the Ram Mandir issue, alleged the BJP-affiliate Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) of carrying out donation scam of over ₹1,400 crore (US$180 million) over the construction of the temple. The VHP denied this allegation.[26]

In 2019, the national spokesperson of the Nirmohi Akhara, Mahant Sitaram Das, accused the VHP of carrying out a ₹1,400 crore (US$180 million) scam over the temple.[25] Political leaders from opposition parties have also questioned the methods of fund collection.[102][103]

The public were warned of instances in which online scammers posed as fundraisers.[104]

Construction

See also: 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute

The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust began the first phase of construction of the Ram Mandir in March 2020.[105][106] The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India caused a temporary suspension of the construction.[107][108] On 25 March 2020, Ram's idol was moved to a temporary location in the presence of the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath.[109] In preparation for the temple's construction, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) organised a 'Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan', in which individuals would gather at different places to chant the 'Vijay Mahamantra' – Shri Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram, on 6 April 2020. This was said to ensure "victory over hurdles" in constructing the temple.[110]

It was officially announced by Champat Rai, the General Secretary of the Sri Ram Janmbhoomi Kshetra Trust, that 22 January 2024 would be the scheduled date for the installation of the Ram Lalla idol in the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum). On 25 October 2023, a formal invitation was extended to Prime Minister Narendra Modi to attend the ceremony.[111]

In 2020, the national spokesperson of the Nirmohi Akhara, Mahant Sitaram Das, criticised the BJP's decision to have the temple foundation begun by Narendra Modi and said that the work of building the temple should be done only by the religious priests.[28] A number of Hindutva proponents, including online social media influencers, raised objections over the temple's construction with regards to its design and involvement of the Muslims, claiming that they found Islamic motifs in the Ram Mandir. Champat Rai, the general secretary of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust, responded to these concerns by saying that temple was being sculpted by experts, and there could be no question about their religion.[112][verification needed] The vice-president of the Hindu Mahasabha, Pandit Ashok Sharma, said that the BJP "got the entire thing politicised."[27]

A number of opposition parties, as well as BJP members themselves, have criticised the BJP for using the temple to for gain political mileage.[113] The President of the Congress, Mallikarjun Kharge, had questioned the authority of Home Minister Amit Shah, after he declared the opening date of the temple.[114] The BJP leader Subramanian Swamy questioned Prime Minister Narendra Modi's involvement in Ram Mandir's inauguration.[115] The Congress MP Shashi Tharoor has criticised the Indian media for diverting attention from critical governance issues by overly focusing on the temple.[116]

Bhumi Pujan ceremony

 
Prime Minister Narendra Modi performing Bhumi Pujan or the groundbreaking ceremony for the Ram Mandir. Also visible are the chief of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Mohan Bhagwat, and the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Anandiben Patel.

On the occasion of Bhumi Pujan, the Ram Lalla's dress was stitched by tailors Bhagwat Prasad and Shankar Lal, a fourth generation tailor to Rama's idol.[117]

The temple construction officially started again after a Bhumi-Pujan (transl. ground breaking ceremony) on 5 August 2020. The three-day long Vedic ritual was held ahead of the groundbreaking ceremony, which revolved around the installation of a 40 kg (88 pounds) silver brick as the foundation stone by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[3] On the day before on 4 August, the Ramarchan Puja (transl. Puja of Rama's feet) was performed, in order to ritually invite all the major deities into the temple.[118]

On the occasion of the Bhoomi Poojan, soil and holy water were collected from several religious places across India, such as the Triveni Sangam of the rivers Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati at Prayagraj, the head of the Kaveri river] at Talakaveri in Karnataka, and the Kamakhya Temple in Assam.[119] Soil was also sent from various Hindu temples, gurudwaras and Jain temples across the nation, as well as from the four pilgrimage sites in Char Dham, to bless the temple.[120]

Before the ceremony, Prime Minister Narendra Modi sought Hanuman's blessing by praying at the Hanuman Garhi Temple in Ayodhya.[121] The Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, Chief of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Mohan Bhagwat, Chief of the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas and Chief of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra, Nritya Gopal Das and Narendra Modi gave speeches.[121]

Some priests and religious leaders, such as Swaroopanand Saraswati, complained that 5 August was not a ritually auspicious date and that the ceremony did not follow proper ritual procedures. They also claimed that the function did not include a havan.[122] Writer and activist Arundhati Roy, a noted critic of PM Modi, pointed out that the chosen date marked one year since the revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir.[56] The Pakistan Foreign Office issued a statement criticising India for commencing for constructing a temple on the former site of the destroyed Babri Masjid.[123]

In 2017, the Hindu Mahasabha accused the BJP, Bajrang Dal and other Sangh Parivar organisations of hijacking the Ram Mandir despite having no involvement in its long battle.[124][27] In 2020, Pramod Joshi, the national spokesperson of the Hindu Mahasabha, said that the real credit of Ram Mandir belongs to Hindu Mahasabha, and that the Hindu Mahasabha should have performed the bhumi pujan, but instead had been kept away. He added that the committee for the temple was formed at the BJP's central office and the Hindu Mahasabha was sidelined.[125]

2021–present

The temple trust decided to launch a nationwide "mass contact and contribution campaign" aimed at reaching 55–600 million people.[91] Voluntary donations of ₹1 (1.3¢ US) and higher were accepted.[126] On 1 January 2021, former President Ram Nath Kovind made the first contribution towards the construction of the Ram Mandir by donating more than ₹5 lakh (US$6,300).[127] Several leaders and notable personalities across the nation followed this. By April 2021, around ₹5,000 crore (US$630 million) was collected from donations across India.[128][129] Nearly 150,000 VHP activists participated in collecting donations. The temple trust also received donations from the members of the Muslim and Christian communities.[130]

 
View of the Ram Mandir under construction in 2022

In August 2021, a viewing location was created for the public to observe the construction works in the temple site.[131] Following the groundbreaking ceremony, up to 40 feet (12 m) of debris were removed and the remaining earth compacted.[132] The foundation was made using roller-compacted concrete.[133] A total of 47–48 layers, with each layer 1-foot (0.30 m) high, were completed by mid-September 2021.[132][134] Due to electricity supply issues in Mirzapur, the cutting of the sandstone was slowed down.[94] In early 2022, a video was released by the temple trust, showing the planned construction of the temple in 3D along with other related information.[135][136][5]

In January 2023, two 60-million-year-old Shaligram rocks, 26 tonnes and 14 tonnes respectively, were sent from the Gandaki river in Nepal. These rocks were used to carve the idol of Ram Lalla in the sanctum sanctorum.[137] In August 2023, according to the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, 70% of the groundwork was completed and 40% of the roof work was completed.[138] In December 2023, the entire base, along with the six smaller temples that surround the main temple, which consists of the sanctum sanctorum, were almost completed.[139] For its consecration, only the ground floor was opened.[140] The temple is expected to be completed by the end of 2024.[140]

Consecration

 
Devotees and visitors celebrating the Prana Pratishtha ceremony outside the temple on 22 January 2024
Main article: Consecration of the Ram Mandir

On 22 June 2023, Temple Construction Committee chairman Nripendra Misra announced that the ground floor of the three-story temple was complete and was expected to open for the devotees in January 2024.[141] The Ram Mandir Teerth Kshetra Trust announced that Hindu astrologers had selected 22 January 2024 as the auspicious date for the consecration ceremony.[142]

In preparation for the Prana Pratishtha (consecration) ceremony, the Government of Uttar Pradesh earmarked ₹100 crore (US$13 million) for 'Ramotsav,' a series of religious events that spanned 826 local bodies across Uttar Pradesh along with the Ram Paduka Yatra, commencing in December 2023 and culminating in the grand celebrations from Makar Sankranti on 16 January 2024, and lasting until the inauguration of the Ram Mandir on 22 January. The yatra followed the Ram Van Gaman Path, retracing Rama's 14-year exile from Ayodhya.[143] The trust, the Government of Uttar Pradesh, and Ayodhya city administrators carried out extensive preparations to accommodate the influx of devotees and invited guests from all over the world.[144] Strict security measures were enacted in and around the temple premises.[145] The Government of Uttar Pradesh announced public holiday to mark the occasion. The Government of India and some state governments declared a half day holiday.[146]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was invited to perform the Prana Pratishtha of the newly made idol in the sanctum sanctorum.[147] In preparation, he undertook an 11-day fast, consuming only coconut water and fruit and sleeping on the ground at night.[148] He performed the consecration ceremony on 22 January 2024 from 12:15 PM to 12:45PM IST.[149] Prime Minister Modi urged every Indian to light up diyas to mark the occasion and celebrate it like Diwali.[150]

 
Prime Minister Modi during Prana Pratishtha

The guests were addressed by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat and Prime Minister Modi.[151][152] Modi spoke of Rama as a symbol of righteousness and unity, emphasising the temple as a testament to India's cultural resilience[153] and underscoring its role in shaping a new India— one based on social harmony, economic prosperity, and scientific progress. He urged citizens to draw inspiration from Ram's ideals to build a strong and vibrant nation.

While Yogi Adityanath's address was steeped in religious fervor, celebrating the Ram Mandir as a victory for faith and perseverance. He praised the devotion of millions who contributed to the temple's construction and acknowledged the divine blessings that guided the process.[154][155]

Mohan Bhagwat spoke of the Ram Mandir as a symbol of national pride, marking the revival of India's cultural heritage. He emphasised the importance of preserving ancient traditions and values in a rapidly modernising world.[156]

The guest list also included prominent industrialists, scientists, actors, army officers, spiritual leaders and Padma awardees.[157][158] The event was organised by Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra.[159]

The four Shankaracharyas are given the highest importance in matters of Hinduism.[f] Citing various reasons, none of them of the four cardinal mathas took part in the ceremony.[161][162][163] Sringeri Sharada Peetham issued a denial that its head seer Bharathi Tirtha had expressed some displeasure and called the ceremony a "matter of joy" for all Hindu believers.[164] Tirtha blessed the event and sent an administrative officer, Gowrishankar as representative of the matha.[165] The head seer of Govardhan Math, Nischalananda Saraswati said that the ceremony deviated from established tradition.[166] The head seer of Jyotir Math, Swami Avimukteshwaranand has stated that the ceremony is against Hindu sastras as the temple is still under construction.[167] However, he has also said that Narendra Modi, whom he admires, has awakened the self-respect of Hindus.[168] The head seer of the Dwarka Sharada Peetham, Swami Sadanand Saraswati welcomed the ceremony as a "long awaited moment".[169] He said that none of the four Shankaracharyas were angry and that it was not appropriate for them to attend given, the massive crowd expected.[170]

Impact and associated activities

 
A 9.8-metre (32 ft) model of Ram Mandir displayed during Diwali of 2020 at Pacific Mall in New Delhi[171][172]

The temple construction has been accompanied by a $10 billion transformation plan for Ayodhya town, "encompassing a new airport, revamped railway station, and township development", fostering multiple hotel development projects and stimulating various economic activities.[24] Uttar Pradesh, which used to be a BIMARU state, recently had its GDP share surpassing Tamil Nadu.[173] As Hindu devotees all over the world throng to have a darshan (auspicious viewing) of this deity, the subsequent economic impact has been estimated to further enrich the state by the end of the year 2024 by four trillion Indian rupees (equivalent to 48 billion US dollars).[174]

Given its religious significance among Hindus, it is estimated that with 50 million annual visitors, Ayodhya's Ram temple is likely to become the most visited Hindu pilgrimage site in India.[175] After the opening of the Ram Temple to public on 23 January 2024, Ayodhya has welcomed 2.4 million visitors in just 12 days.[176] Based on the current visitor numbers, the Ayodhya's Ram temple is projected to become one of the most visited pilgrimage sites in the world, surpassing Mecca and the Vatican.[177] Given the temple rush by devotees from all parts of India, it was estimated that spiritual tourism at Ayodhya has potential to create thousands of jobs as more manpower is required to cater the needs of the Ram mandir visitors and also attract huge investments.[178][179]

On April 17, 2024, the first Ram Navami (Ram's birth) festival after the consecration of the Ram Temple was celebrated by thousands of devotees.[180] On this occasion, the Ram Temple witnessed a unique event at noon as the forehead of the Ram Lalla idol was anointed with a ray of sunlight, known as Surya Tilak.[181] As the sun rays illuminated the forehead of the Lord Ram Lalla idol, scores of devotees celebrated the event.[180] The development of the 'Surya Tilak' mechanism involved collaboration between scientists from Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Roorkee, and the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIAP), Bengaluru, who devised a sophisticated apparatus consisting of mirrors and lenses to direct a beam of light to the deity's forehead, marking a significant scientific feat.[181][180]

In popular culture

 
Uttar Pradesh tableau in the Republic Day parade of 2021

During the 2021 Republic Day parade on Rajpath, Uttar Pradesh's tableau showcased a replica of the Ram Mandir.[182] In October 2023, Durga Puja celebrations in Santosh Mitra Square, Kolkata exhibited a replica of Ram Mandir, along with other notable buildings around the world.[183][184]

Slogans

Mandir wahi banayenge (transl. The temple will be built exactly there) is an expression in Hindi, and has become one of the most popular slogans concerning the Ram Janmabhoomi movement and Ram Mandir. It has been used as early as 1985–86, was popularised in the 1990s, and has several variations.[185][186]

It has been a symbol of hope and it has become a part of festivities, and has also become a part of stand-up comedy, jokes and memes.[187][188] In 2019, the slogan was used in the Parliament of India,[187] and it has also been used by media houses.[189][190] The slogan has been used as a threat as well as a vow.[191]

There are variations of the slogan such as one used by Lal Krishna Advani: "Saugandh Ram ki Khat-e hain; Hum Mandir Wahin Banayegein" (transl. We take a vow of Rama that we will build the temple exactly there).[185] Other variations and adaptations include "Wahin Banega Mandir" (transl. A temple will be built there),[189] "Jaha Ram Ka Janma Hua Tha, Hum Mandir Wahi Banayenge" (transl. The temple will be built where Rama was born),[186] "Ram Lalla Hum Aayenge; Mandir Wahi Banayenge" (transl. Ram Lalla, we will come, the temple will be built there, or Ram Lalla we will come to construct a Mandir exactly there)[186] and "Pehle mandir, fir sarkaar" (transl. First the temple, then the government).[192]

Books

  • The Battle for Rama: Case of the Temple at Ayodhya by Meenakshi Jain, ISBN 9788173055799, 8173055793
  • Sunrise over Ayodhya: Nationhood in Our Times by Salman Khurshid, ISBN 9789354923050, 9354923054
  • "Ram Janmabhoomi: The Inspiration for Hindu Resurgence" by Rashmi Samant

Notes

  1. ^ Only the main temple construction has completed. The temple complex is still under construction
  2. ^ Chandrakant Sompura[2]
    Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura[3]
  3. ^ The avatars of Vishnu are of two types. Pūrṇā and Amśa (lit. 'A part'). In the former, Vishnu himself was supposed to have descended on Earth from his abode while in the latter, an equivalent part (or a copy) of him was sent to take the incarnation. Nrisimha, Rama and Krishna are said to be the Purnavataras of Vishnu.[29]
  4. ^ As per Valmiki Ramayana, Rama had sixteen qualities. Rama was said to be 1.guṇavān, 2.vīryavān, 3.dharmajñaḥ, 4.kṛtajñaḥ, 5.satyavākyaḥ, 6.dṛḍhavrataḥ, 7.cāritraḥ, 8.sarvabhūteṣu hitaḥ, 9.vidvān, 10.samarthaḥ, 11. priyadarśanaḥ, 12.ātmavān, 13.jitakrodhaḥ, 14.dyutimān, 15. anasūyakaḥ, and 16.jātaroṣasya saṃyuge devāśca bibhyati.
  5. ^ The presiding deity is also referred by other names such as Acala mūrti (lit. Immovable idol), Dhṛva mūrti(lit. Fixed idol) and Mūlavigraha (lit. The main idol).[42][43]
  6. ^ Adi Sankara who revived Hinduism in the eighth century CE has established four cardinal mutts to protect Hinduism and Vedas. These mutts are referred to as Chatur Āmnāya Pīṭha (lit. 'four seats of Vedic knowledge'). These mutts are located in India at Sringeri in the South, Puri in the East, Dwarka in the West, and Badrinath in the North.[160] They are meant to protect Yajurveda, Rigveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda respectively.

See also

References

  1. ^ "'Prana Pratishta' at Ram Mandir to be held on January 22: Nripendra Misra". Business Standard. 10 December 2023. from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  2. ^ Umarji, Vinay (15 November 2019). "Chandrakant Sompura, the man who designed a Ram temple for Ayodhya". Business Standard. from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d Pandey, Alok (23 July 2020). "Ayodhya's Ram Temple Will Be 161-Foot Tall, An Increase Of 20 Feet". NDTV. from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  4. ^ Gaur, Vatsala (5 August 2020). "PM Modi lays foundation stone of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, says wait of centuries has ended". The Economic Times. from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b c "Ram Temple: Second phase of foundation expected to be completed by Jan end". Mint. 15 January 2022. from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Why India's New Ram Temple Is So Important". The New York Times. 22 January 2024. from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Ayodhya Ram Mandir: India PM Modi inaugurates Hindu temple on razed Babri mosque site". BBC News. 22 January 2024. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  8. ^ a b "BBC". 16 October 2019. from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  9. ^ Bajpai, Namita (7 May 2020). "Land levelling for Ayodhya Ram temple soon, says mandir trust after video conference". The New Indian Express. from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  10. ^ a b "India's Modi leads consecration of Ram temple in Ayodhya". Reuters. 22 January 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi led the consecration on Monday of a grand temple to the Hindu god Lord Ram on a site believed to be his birthplace
  11. ^ "Five lakh visitors and counting On Day 1 after Ayodhya Ram Temple inauguration". The Indian Express. 24 January 2024. from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024. Five lakh visitors and counting- On Day 1 after Ayodhya Ram Temple inauguration, a rush for first darshan
  12. ^ "Visiting Ram Temple in Ayodhya - the guidelines - no mobile phones". The Indian Express. 13 March 2024. from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024. A little over a month since the inauguration of the Ram temple.. the temple is witnessing an average of 1-to-1.5 lakh pilgrims on a daily basis
  13. ^ a b c Kunal, Kishore (2016). Ayodhya Revisited (1st ed.). New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. xxxii. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  14. ^ a b Sethi, M. (2021). Communities and Courts: Religion and Law in Modern India. Routledge South Asian History and Culture Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-00-053785-7. from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  15. ^ a b Lal, Makkhan (20 March 2019). "Historical texts prove that a temple was destroyed in Ayodhya to build the Babri Masjid". Opinion. ThePrint. from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site". 16 October 2019. from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site". 16 October 2019. from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Six temples of different deities in Ayodhya Ram temple's final blueprint". The Hindu. PTI. 13 September 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  19. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir LIVE updates: PM Modi in garbha griha, rituals start". Hindustan Times. 22 January 2024. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  20. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir Inauguration Live Updates, Ram Mandir Pran Pratishtha Ceremony: Chief Yajman Narendra Modi takes 'sankalp' for consecration ceremony at Ram temple in Ayodhya, Ganesh puja under way". The Times of India. 22 January 2024. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  21. ^ Bureau, The Hindu (16 November 2023). "Ayodhya Ram temple will open to the public on this date". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Ram Temple Consecration: PM Modi's Full Schedule For Ayodhya Temple Event". NDTV. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  23. ^ "Ayodhya's Ram Temple may draw 50 million visitors annually, to surpass Tirupati, Mecca, and Vatican". CNBC. 24 January 2024. from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024. Ayodhya's Ram Temple may draw 50 million visitors annually, to surpass Tirupati, Mecca, and Vatican
  24. ^ a b "Ayodhya's over $10 billion revamp could generate around $3bn in tax revenue for UP". WION. 22 January 2024. from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024. $10 billion transformation plan, encompassing a new airport, revamped railway station, township development
  25. ^ a b "Ram Temple: Nirmohi Akhada accuses VHP of financial scam over funds collected for building mandir". news.abplive.com. 30 January 2019. from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  26. ^ a b Verma, Lalmani (16 July 2015). "Ram Temple in Ayodhya: Hindu Mahasabha claims VHP 'pocketed' Rs 1,400 cr; Singhal rubbishes charge". The Indian Express. from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  27. ^ a b c Rai, Sandeep (6 December 2017). "We were real architects of Ram temple movement: Hindu Mahasabha". The Times of India. from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  28. ^ a b Jaiswal, Anuja (24 July 2020). "Leave bhoomi pujan to saints: Nirmohi Akhara spokesperson tells PM". The Times of India. from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  29. ^ "Purnavatara, Pūrṇāvatāra, Purna-avatara: 5 definitions". Wisdom Library. 23 May 2018. from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  30. ^ Narayan, R.K. (2006). The Ramayana. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9781440623271. from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  31. ^ "శ్రీ రామునిలో ఉన్న 16 గుణాలు.. మీకు తెలుసా?". Eenadu (in Telugu). 21 May 2023. from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  32. ^ Aravamudan, Krishnan (2014). Pure Gems of Ramayanam. Partridge India. p. 12. ISBN 9781482837209. from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  33. ^ PTI. "'Faith in Ram's birthplace based on Valmiki Ramayana'". Deccan Herald. from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  34. ^ Kunal, Kishore (2016). Ayodhya Revisited. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  35. ^ Singhal, Yogy (2013). The Human Trinity. Partridge India. p. 3. ISBN 9781482813876. from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  36. ^ Benett, William Charles (1877). Gazetteer of the province of Oudh. Oudh Government Press. p. 6.
  37. ^ Kunal, Kishore (2016). Ayodhya Revisited. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 303. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  38. ^ Thomas Ashley-Farrand (2008), Healing Mantras, Random House Publishing Group, p. 148, ISBN 9780307556615, from the original on 16 February 2024, retrieved 16 February 2024
  39. ^ Tekijät Ana Hernandez (2012), The Sacred Art of Chant: Preparing to Practice, Turner Publishing Company, ISBN 9781594734823, from the original on 16 February 2024, retrieved 16 February 2024
  40. ^ Sadguru Sant Keshavadas (1988), Ramayana at a Glance, Motilal Banarsidass Publications, p. 15, ISBN 9788120805453, from the original on 12 April 2024, retrieved 15 February 2024
  41. ^ a b "Ayodhya Case Verdict: Who is Ram Lalla Virajman, the 'Divine Infant' Given the Possession of Disputed Ayodhya Land". News18. 9 November 2019. from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  42. ^ K. Seshadri (1998). Srivaishnavism and social change. K.P. Bagchi & Company. p. 50. ISBN 978-81-7074-198-5. from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  43. ^ Kota Neelima (2012). Tirupati: A Guide to Life. Random House India. ISBN 978-81-8400-359-8. from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  44. ^ Maulshree Seth, ed. (3 January 2024). "'Ram Lalla Virajman' that fought temple suit for decades to be placed as 'festival idol'". The Indian Express. from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  45. ^ "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site". 16 October 2019. from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  46. ^ Jain, Meenakshi (2017), The Battle for Rama – Case of the Temple at Ayodhya, Aryan Books International, ISBN 978-8-173-05579-9
  47. ^ Kishore, Kunal (2016). Ayodhya Revisited (1st ed.). New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. xxix. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  48. ^ "Babri mosque to Ram temple: A timeline from 1528 to 2024". Al Jazeera. 22 January 2024. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  49. ^ "Timeline: Ayodhya holy site crisis". BBC News. 29 September 2010. from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  50. ^ Kunal, Kishore (2016). Ayodhya Revisited (1st ed.). New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. xxx. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
  51. ^ Agrawal, S.P.; Aggarwal, J.C. (1992). Information India 1990–91 : Global View. Concepts in communication informatics and librarianship. Concept Publishing Company. p. 489. ISBN 978-81-7022-293-4. from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  52. ^ Chatterji, R. (2014). Wording the World: Veena Das and Scenes of Inheritance. Forms of Living. Fordham University Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-8232-6187-1. from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  53. ^ a b "Grand Ram temple in Ayodhya before 2022". The New Indian Express. IANS. 11 November 2019. from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  54. ^ a b Anderson, John Ward; Moore, Molly (8 December 1992). "200 Indians killed in riots following mosque destruction". The Washington Post. from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  55. ^ Fuller, Christopher John (2004), The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India, Princeton University Press, p. 262, ISBN 0-691-12048-X, from the original on 21 August 2023, retrieved 24 August 2020
  56. ^ a b Kidangoor, Abhishyant (4 August 2020). "India's Narendra Modi Broke Ground on a Controversial Temple of Ram. Here's Why It Matters". Time. from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2024. For Muslims in India, it is the site of a 16th century mosque that was demolished by a mob in 1992, sparking sectarian riots that led to some 2,000 deaths.
  57. ^ . The Hindu. PTI, UNI. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 8 July 2005.
  58. ^ "Indian PM condemns the attack in Ayodhya". People's Daily Online. Xinhua. 6 July 2005. from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  59. ^ Bhattacharya, Santwana (6 March 2003). "I found pillar bases back in mid-seventies: Prof Lal". The Indian Express. from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  60. ^ "Proof of temple found at Ayodhya: ASI report". Rediff. PTI. 25 August 2020. from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  61. ^ Sharma, Betwa (20 January 2019). "Babri Revisited: ASI Suppressed Animal Bone Findings At Mosque Site". HuffPost. from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  62. ^ "Ayodhya verdict yet another blow to secularism: Sahmat". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 3 October 2010. from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  63. ^ Aligarh Historians Society (3 January 2011). History & Judgement of Allahabad High Court in Ramjanmabhumi and Babri Masjid Case. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  64. ^ "Archeologist Who Observed Dig Says No Evidence of Temple Under Babri Masjid". The Wire. 6 December 2022. from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  65. ^ Pankaj, Jayant (6 December 2021). "Rama Janmabhoomi Issue: Exposing the myth behind the narrative". The International. from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  66. ^ "Left historians prevented resolution of Babri Masjid dispute, says KK Mohammed, former ASI regional head-India News , Firstpost". Firstpost. 21 January 2016. from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  67. ^ . Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
  68. ^ "Court orders 3-way division of disputed Ayodhya land". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 30 September 2010. from the original on 3 October 2010.
  69. ^ . Supreme Court Observer. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018.
  70. ^ a b "From Parliament Floor, PM Modi Announces 15-Member Trust for Ayodhya Ram Temple; 5 Acres Allotted for Masjid". News18. 5 February 2020. from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  71. ^ a b "Dhannipur near Ayodhya already has 15 mosques, local Muslims want hospital and college too". 7 February 2020. from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  72. ^ "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site". 16 October 2019. from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  73. ^ a b Daniyal, Shoaib (11 November 2019). "No, the Supreme Court did not uphold the claim that Babri Masjid was built by demolishing a temple". Scroll.in. from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  74. ^ "Ayodhya verdict: The ASI findings Supreme Court spoke about in its judgment". India Today. New Delhi, India. 4 April 2022. from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  75. ^ Dam, Abhirup (22 November 2019). "In search of Ram: The death of wisdom, tradition and philosophy". The Telegraph. from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  76. ^ "Ayodhya verdict: The ASI findings Supreme Court spoke about in its judgment". India Today. 4 April 2024. from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  77. ^ a b Sampal, Rahul (28 July 2020). "Somnath, Akshardham & now Ram Mandir – Gujarat family designing temples for 15 generations". ThePrint. from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  78. ^ a b c Bajpai, Namita (5 August 2020). "280-feet wide, 300-feet long and 161-feet tall: Ayodhya Ram temple complex to be world's third-largest Hindu shrine". The New Indian Express. from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  79. ^ a b c Misra, Leena (6 August 2020). "Meet the Sompuras, master architects who are building the Ram Temple in Ayodhya". The Indian Express. from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  80. ^ "Nagara-style architecture, no iron: What the historic Ram temple in Ayodhya will look like". Firstpost. 4 January 2024. from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  81. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir construction to begin in April this year: Trustee". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 6 February 2020. from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  82. ^ "Ram Temple sanctum sanctorum likely to be built by end of the year". Hindustan Times. 13 June 2023. from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  83. ^ "Ram temple to be grander than planned earlier: Architect". The Hindu. 31 July 2020. from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  84. ^ "The Ayodhya Ram temple: 4 mandirs at each corner, 5 mandaps and emphasis on green cover". The Indian Express. 5 January 2024. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  85. ^ PTI (22 January 2024). "With no iron or steel, Ayodhya temple is a study in sandstone". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  86. ^ "Nagara architecture, 392 pillars, 5 mandaps: The key features of Ram Mandir". Hindustan Times. 22 January 2024. from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  87. ^ "Nripendra Misra, Chairman Of Construction Panel On 'Pran Pratishtha' Of Ram Mandir In Ayodhya". Business Today. 6 November 2023. from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  88. ^ "L&T to oversee the construction of Ram temple: Vishwa Hindu Parishad". Business Standard. 3 March 2020. from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  89. ^ Bajpai, Namita (29 February 2020). "L&T ready to construct Ram temple in Ayodhya for free, say VHP leaders". The New Indian Express. from the original on 23 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  90. ^ Mishra, Avaneesh (10 September 2020). "Ayodhya Ram Temple construction: L & T reaches out to IIT-M for expert help on design, concrete". The Indian Express. from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  91. ^ a b Rashid, Omar (4 January 2021). "Work on Ayodhya Ram temple foundation to begin by January-end, says trust". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  92. ^ "Construction of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya begins". ANI News. 20 August 2020. from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  93. ^ "Ayodhya's Ram Temple To Receive Soil From Thailand Ahead Of Consecration". NDTV. from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  94. ^ a b "6 temples of different deities to be constructed in Ram Janmabhoomi premises". India Today. Press Trust of India. 13 September 2021. from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  95. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Temple: Nearly Rs 5,000 Crore Donations Received Ahead Of Consecration Ceremony". News 18. 10 January 2024. from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  96. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir: Kashi And Prayagraj Beggars Donate Rs 4 Lakh". News 18. 28 December 2023. from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  97. ^ Das, Yudhajit Shankar (22 January 2024). "How the Ayodhya Ram temple became a mandir of the masses". India Today. from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  98. ^ Kapoor, Sheersh (22 January 2024). "Ayodhya Ram Mandir: How much money was spent and what does UP stand to gain?". The Economic Times. from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  99. ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir: 'అయోధ్య' విరాళాల మొత్తం ఇప్పటివరకు ఎంత? అధికమొత్తం ఇచ్చింది ఎవరు?". Sakshi (in Telugu). 8 January 2024. from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  100. ^ Singh, Swadesh (10 January 2024). "This is how world's largest crowdfunding project was achieved in Ayodhya". The Print. from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  101. ^ Gopinathan, Meenakshi (21 January 2024). "రామ మందిర నిర్మాణానికి 10 కోట్ల మంది విరాళాలు ఇచ్చారు…45 రోజుల్లో రూ.2500 కోట్లు!". Vikatan (in Telugu). from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  102. ^ "Ram Mandir: Siddaramaiah questions fund drive, HDK says he was threatened". The News Minute. 17 February 2021. from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  103. ^ Johari, Aarefa (13 February 2021). "Ram temple fundraisers leave behind stickers on doors – sparking fear and concern". Scroll.in. from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  104. ^ "Ayodhya Ram temple consecration: Beware of fake donation websites, 'VIP passes' & other online scams". Deccan Herald. 19 January 2024. from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  105. ^ Sharma, Pratul (23 March 2020). "1st phase of Ram temple construction begins in Ayodhya". The Week. from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  106. ^ "Ram Mandir Construction: राम मंदिर निर्मितीच्या पहिल्या टप्प्यातील काम सुरू" [Ram Mandir Construction: Ram mandir Foundation Starts First Phase of Work]. Times Now Marathi (in Marathi). 8 May 2020. from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  107. ^ Bajpai, Namita (9 April 2020). "Ram Mandir plans continue during COVID-19 lockdown, temple trust releases its official Logo". The New Indian Express. from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  108. ^ "COVID-19: लॉकडाउन खत्म होते ही अयोध्या में शुरू होगा भव्य राम मंदिर निर्माण" [COVID-19: The Ram Temple construction will begin in Ayodhya after the end of lockdown]. News18 India (in Hindi). 1 January 1970. from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  109. ^ Rashid, Omar (25 March 2020). "U.P. Chief Minister Adityanath shifts Ram idol amid lockdown". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  110. ^ "VHP to organise 'Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan'". Outlook. IANS. 4 April 2020. from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  111. ^ Sharma, Sheenu (25 October 2023). "Uttar Pradesh: Ram Temple Trust invites PM Modi to install Lord Ram idol in Ayodhya on Jan 22, 2024". India TV News. from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  112. ^ Deb, Abhik (22 December 2023). "Why some Hindutva supporters are angry with Modi's Ayodhya temple inauguration". Scroll.in. from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  113. ^ "JD(U) Minister Slams BJP's Attempt". The Times of India. 2 January 2024. from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  114. ^ Manoj, C G (6 January 2023). "'Are you mahant of Ram Temple?': Mallikarjun Kharge slams Amit Shah for announcing temple opening date". The Indian Express. from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  115. ^ "BJP leader Subramanian Swamy questions PM Modi attending inauguration of Ram temple". The News Minute. 27 December 2023. from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  116. ^ Team, WION Web (27 December 2023). "Ram temple consecration ceremony: Shashi Tharoor slams BJP over politicisation of religious event". WION. from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  117. ^ "अयोध्या: 5 अगस्त को इस टेलर का सिला पोशाक पहनेंगे रामलला" [On 5 August Ram will wear clothes stitched by this tailor]. News18 India (in Hindi). 27 July 2020. from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  118. ^ "'Ramarchan puja' begins ahead of 'bhoomi pujan' in Ayodhya". DNA India. 4 August 2020. from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  119. ^ Mehta, Kriti (22 July 2020). "Ram temple bhumi pujan: Sangam soil, water to be taken to Ayodhya; proceedings to be telecast live". The Times Of India. from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  120. ^ "Soil from Sharda Peeth in Kashmir to be used in Ram Mandir foundation in Ayodhya". The Kashmir Monitor. 25 July 2020. from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  121. ^ a b Ray, Meenakshi, ed. (5 August 2020). "After bhoomi poojan at Ayodhya, RSS' Mohan Bhagwat says we have fulfilled our resolve". Hindustan Times. from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  122. ^ Pradhan, Sharat (7 August 2020). "At Ayodhya Bhoomi Pujan, Modi Became All-in-One; Proper Rituals Not Followed, Allege Pundits". thewire.in. from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  123. ^ "Pakistan criticises India for starting construction of Ram temple in Ayodhya". The Hindu. PTI. 28 May 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  124. ^ Rai, Sandeep (18 November 2015). "India News". The Times of India. from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  125. ^ Karmarkar, Ninad (4 August 2020). अयोध्येतल्या राममंदिराचं खरं श्रेय हिंदू महासभेचंच! भाजपने विश्वासघात केल्याची हिंदू महासभेची आगपाखड [Real credit for the Ram temple in Ayodhya goes to Hindu Mahasabha]. marathi.abplive.com (in Marathi). from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  126. ^ Pandey, Neelam (15 December 2020). "Ram Mandir trust to launch nationwide fund collection drive next month for temple construction". ThePrint. from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  127. ^ "President Kovind donates Rs 5 lakh for Ram temple construction as fund-raising drive kicks off". The Indian Express. 15 January 2021. from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  128. ^ Sharma, Sanjay (28 February 2021). "Ayodhya Ram temple fundraising drive concludes. Rs 21000000000 collected". India Today. from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  129. ^ "Ayodhya Ram temple donation: 15,000 bank cheques worth Rs 22 crore bounce". Zee News. 17 April 2021. from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  130. ^ "Karnataka Dy CM, Christian organisations donate over Rs 1 crore for Ram temple's construction". Business World. 7 February 2021. from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  131. ^ "Corridor for devotees to see construction of Ram temple". Hindustan Times. 9 August 2021. from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  132. ^ a b Pandey, Alok (16 September 2021). Sanyal, Anindita (ed.). "First Glimpse of Ayodhya Temple Construction, Opening Before 2024 Polls". NDTV. from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  133. ^ "Construction of Ram Temple in Ayodhya caught in satellite images". India Today. 30 June 2021. from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  134. ^ Ray, Meenakshi (17 September 2021). "Ram Mandir foundation complete; granite from Karnataka, Mirzapur's sandstone to be used next". Hindustan Times. from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  135. ^ Dixit, Pawan (13 January 2022). "Trust launches YouTube channel, releases short movie on Ram temple construction". Hindustan Times. from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  136. ^ "Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust releases short film on mandir construction". Navjeevan Express. 14 January 2022. from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  137. ^ "Rare rocks for Lord Ram idol to reach Ayodhya from Nepal on February 2". IndiaTV News. from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  138. ^ "Ayodhya's Ram Mandir Takes Shape: Here's First Look of 'Garbha Griha' | See Pics". 17 May 2023. from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  139. ^ Chakraborty, Prateek (9 December 2023). "Ayodhya Ram temple's sanctum sanctorum nearly ready. See pics". India Today. from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  140. ^ a b Pandey, Geeta (22 January 2024). "Ayodhya Ram Mandir: India PM Modi inaugurates Hindu temple on razed Babri mosque site". BBC News. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  141. ^ Tak, Yashavi (22 June 2023). "Ayodhya: Construction Committee Announces To Open Ram Temple By 24 January 2024". News 24. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  142. ^ "Ram Mandir consecration: Why was 22 January 2024 picked as date for ceremony". WION. 9 January 2024. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  143. ^ "₹100 cr for Ramotsav: Mega events in run-up to Ram temple inauguration". Hindustan Times. 1 December 2023. from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  144. ^ "Ayodhya Ram mandir inauguration 2 days away, here's all you need to know about the temple, the preparations". The Indian Express. 20 January 2024. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  145. ^ "3-layered security cordon to guard Ayodhya temple". The Times of India. 20 January 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  146. ^ "Ram Mandir Inauguration: These states have declared a holiday on Jan 22, check full list". The Times of India. 20 January 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  147. ^ Parashar, Devendra; Sharma, Sheenu (26 October 2023). "Uttar Pradesh: Ram Temple Trust invites PM Modi to install Lord Ram idol in Ayodhya on Jan 22, 2024". India TV. from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  148. ^ "PM Modi Breaks His 11-Day Fast After 'Pran Pratishtha' Ceremony at Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple in Ayodhya". Lokmat Times. from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  149. ^ Sharma, Mahima (22 January 2024). "Ram Mandir Pran Pratishtha Puja Time and Abhijeet Muhurat on January 22, 2024: Know its details". The Times of India. from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  150. ^ "Celebrate Diwali across country on January 22, on the day of Ram temple ceremony: PM Modi at Ayodhya". The Indian Express. 30 December 2023. from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  151. ^ "PM's address at the Pran-Pratishtha of Shree Ram Lalla at Ayodhya ji". from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  152. ^ "From forgiveness to dawn of new era: 16 themes from PM Modi's Ayodhya speech". The Times of India. 22 January 2024. from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  153. ^ "Lord Ram is 'not a problem but...': 10 things PM Modi said in Ayodhya today". mint. 22 January 2024. from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  154. ^ "In Yogi Adityanath's Ram Temple Speech, A Veiled Swipe At Mulayam Yadav". NDTV. from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  155. ^ "'Mandir Wahin Bana Hai...': Yogi Adityanath After Conclusion Of 'Pran Pratishtha'". TimesNow. 22 January 2024. from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  156. ^ Mishra, Ishita (22 January 2024). "Stop fighting over petty issues and stay united, says RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat". The Hindu. from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  157. ^ "PM Modi invited to install Lord Ram's idol at Ayodhya temple on January 22". Mint. 25 October 2023. from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  158. ^ "Gautam Adani, Virat Kohli among 7,000 prominent personalities in guest list for inauguration of Ram temple". The Statesman. 7 December 2023. from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  159. ^ "Ram temple chief priest's strong reaction after Ram Lalla idol photo leaked online: 'Should be investigated'". Hindustan Times. 20 January 2024. from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  160. ^ A. Sreedhara Menon (2011). "Sankaracharya". Kerala History and Its Makers. DC Books. p. 48. ISBN 9788126437825. from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  161. ^ "Sringeri pontiff denies displeasure over Ayodhya Ram's consecration, calls it 'false propaganda'". The Week. from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  162. ^ Dash, Nivedita (12 January 2024). "Sringeri, Dwarka Peeth request people to disregard 'false propaganda' about Ram Temple 'Pran Pratishtha'". India TV News. from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  163. ^ Goudar, Mahesh M. (11 January 2024). "Sringeri Shankaracharya won't attend Ram Mandir consecration in Ayodhya. Here's why". The South First. from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  164. ^ ANI, ed. (12 January 2024). "Sringeri mutt requests people to disregard "false propaganda" about pran-pratishtha at Ram Temple". ANI. from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  165. ^ Karthik K K, ed. (20 January 2024). "From a stringent 'Sathvik' diet to a serious eye injury, Ram Lalla idol sculptor braved all odds". The New Indian Express. from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  166. ^ ANI, ed. (15 January 2024). ""This is not about ego...": Puri Shankaracharya Swami Nischalanand clarifies decision to skip Ram Mandir inauguration". Hindustan Times. from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  167. ^ "'Temple construction incomplete': All four shankaracharyas to skip Ayodhya Ram Mandir inauguration ceremony". Business Today. 12 January 2024. from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  168. ^ ANI, ed. (22 January 2024). ""Hindus' self-respect has awakened under PM Modi...": Shankaracharya Avimukteshwaranand". The Economic Times. from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  169. ^ Srivastava, Nisha (20 January 2024). "Shankaracharya Swami Sadanand Saraswati says "Pran Pratishtha ceremony' long awaited moment"". The Daily Guardian. from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  170. ^ Mitra, Hritika (15 January 2024). "None of the Shankaracharyas are angry: Sharda Peeth's Swami Sadanand Saraswati on Consecration ceremony". The Economic Times. from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  171. ^ "Delhi's Pacific Mall installs 32-foot-tall replica of Ayodhya's Ram temple ahead of Diwali". India Today. 25 October 2020. from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  172. ^ "With replica of Ayodhya's Ram Temple, West Delhi's Pacific Mall mall showcases faith". The New Indian Express. 24 October 2020. from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  173. ^ ANI, ed. (17 December 2023). "Uttar Pradesh becomes second-largest economy in India". The Economic Times. from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  174. ^ TNN, ed. (24 January 2024). "Ayodhya Ram Temple opening to make UP richer by Rs 4 lakh crore: SBI research". The Times of India. from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  175. ^ TOI, ed. (5 March 2024). "Ayodhya's Spiritual Soar: Set to surpass Mecca and Vatican as a global pilgrimage hub". The Times of India. from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  176. ^ "In the last 12 days following the Pran Pratishtha of the Ram Temple, Ayodhya has welcomed 2.4 million visitors". The Economic Times. 5 February 2024. from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  177. ^ "Ayodhya's Spiritual Soar: Set to surpass Mecca and Vatican as a global pilgrimage hub". CNBC TV18. 24 January 2024. from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  178. ^ Bhattacharya, Rica; Philip, Lijee (17 January 2024). "As Ram Mandir opens doors, jobs come rushing into Ayodhya". The Economic Times. from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  179. ^ Tiasa Bhowal, ed. (17 January 2024). "Ram Mandir open, travel industry pumps in billions to get Ayodhya ready for a billion". India Today. from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  180. ^ a b c "Ayodhya Temple On Ram Navami, 'Surya Tilak' shines on Ram Lalla". Indian Express. 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  181. ^ a b "The Science Behind 'Surya Tilak' Ceremony At Ayodhya's Ram Temple". NDTV. 17 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  182. ^ "Ayodhya on Rajpath: UP's Republic Day tableau showcases replica of Ram temple". Zee News. 26 January 2021. from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  183. ^ Ray, Partho Sarothi (21 October 2023). "Why the 'Ayodhya Ram Temple' Pandal Cannot be a Centrepiece of Kolkata's Durga Puja". Opinion. The Wire. from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  184. ^ "In Pictures: Ram Mandir-Themed Durga Puja Pandal In Kolkata Draws Massive Crowd". Outlook India. 24 October 2023. from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  185. ^ a b Verma, Nalin (4 August 2020). "'Mandir Wahin Banayenge' Said L.K. Advani 30 Years Ago, But Will Stay Home on August 5". The Wire. from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  186. ^ a b c Hemanth, S. A. (10 November 2019). "'Slogans we shouted in '85 have come true today'". Deccan Chronicle. from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  187. ^ a b Kundu, Swapnajit (5 August 2020). "How 'Mandir Wahin Banega' gained prominence". Deccan Herald. from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  188. ^ Khilnani, Rohit (7 February 2020). "Comedian Vir Das On Cracking Jokes On Demonetisation, Ram Temple Issue". NDTV (in Hindi). from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  189. ^ a b "'Sir Ram': A look at how some Hindi and English newspapers covered the #AyodhyaVerdict". Newslaundry. 10 November 2019. from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  190. ^ Krishnan, Revathi (4 August 2020). "ABP News all excited about Ram temple, India Today & NDTV 24x7 focus on J&K woes". ThePrint. from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  191. ^ Sharma, Sandipan (4 August 2020). "Mandir Wahin Banayenge: After 30 years, BJP's tryst with Hindutva destiny". The Federal. from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  192. ^ "Uddhav Wonders For How Long Will People be 'Fooled' With 'Mandir Wahi Banayenge' Slogan". News18. PTI. 22 November 2018. from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

External links

  •   Media related to Ram Mandir, Ayodhya at Wikimedia Commons

May 11, 2024
mandir, other, uses, disambiguation, rama, temple, partially, constructed, hindu, temple, complex, ayodhya, uttar, pradesh, india, many, hindus, believe, that, located, site, janmabhoomi, mythical, birthplace, rama, principal, deity, hinduism, temple, inaugura. For other uses see Ram Mandir disambiguation The Ram Mandir lit Rama Temple is a partially constructed Hindu temple complex in Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh India 6 7 Many Hindus believe that it is located at the site of Ram Janmabhoomi the mythical birthplace of Rama a principal deity of Hinduism 8 9 10 The temple was inaugurated 7 on 22 January 2024 after a prana pratishtha consecration ceremony 6 10 On the first day of its opening following the consecration the temple received a rush of over half a million visitors 11 and after a month the average number of visitors was reported to be 1 to 1 5 lakh 100 000 to 150 000 on a daily basis 12 Ram MandirReligionAffiliationHinduismDeityRam Lalla infant form of Rama Governing bodyShri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth KshetraStatusUnder construction a consecrated 22 January 2024 3 months ago 2024 01 22 1 LocationLocationRam Janmabhoomi Ayodhya UP IndiaGeographic coordinates26 47 44 N 82 11 39 E 26 7956 N 82 1943 E 26 7956 82 1943ArchitectureArchitect s Sompura family b StyleNagara styleGroundbreaking5 August 2020 3 years ago 2020 08 05 4 SpecificationsLength110 metres 360 ft Width72 metres 235 ft Height max 49 metres 161 ft 5 Site area1 1 hectares 2 7 acres 5 WebsiteShri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra The site of the temple has been the subject of communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India as it is the former location of the Babri Masjid mosque which was built between 1528 and 1529 The idols of Rama and Sita were placed in the mosque in 1949 before it was attacked and demolished in 1992 13 14 15 In 2019 the Supreme Court of India delivered the verdict to give the disputed land to Hindus for construction of a temple while Muslims were given land nearby in Dhannipur in Ayodhya to construct a mosque 16 The court referenced a report from the Archaeological Survey of India ASI as evidence suggesting the presence of a structure beneath the demolished Babri Masjid that was found to be non Islamic 17 On 5 August 2020 the bhumi pujan transl ground breaking ceremony for the commencement of the construction of Ram Mandir was performed by Narendra Modi Prime Minister of India 18 The temple complex currently under construction is being supervised by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust On 22 January 2024 Modi served as the Mukhya Yajman transl chief patron of rituals for the event and performed the prana pratishtha transl consecration of the temple 19 20 The prana pratishtha ceremony was organised by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra 21 22 The temple construction has been accompanied by a 10 billion plan encompassing a new airport revamped railway station and township development to transform the ancient Ayodhya city into a global religious and spiritual tourist destination 23 24 The temple has also attracted a number of controversies due to alleged misuse of donation sidelining of its major activists and politicisation of the temple by the Bharatiya Janata Party 25 26 27 28 Contents 1 Rama 1 1 Significance of Rama 1 2 Pilgrim site 1 3 Deity 2 History 2 1 Medieval 2 2 Modern 2 2 1 Disputed location 2 2 2 Demolition of the Babri Masjid 2 2 3 ASI excavations 2 2 4 Court rulings 2 2 5 Trust formation and start of construction 3 Architecture 4 Fundraising 5 Construction 5 1 Bhumi Pujan ceremony 5 2 2021 present 6 Consecration 7 Impact and associated activities 8 In popular culture 8 1 Slogans 8 2 Books 9 Notes 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksRamaSignificance of Rama nbsp Ram Lalla the five year old form of Rama is the principal deity of the Ram Mandir Rama is a prominent Hindu deity who is regarded as a Purṇavatara lit complete avatar of the God Vishnu c and some Hindus view Rama as Para Brahman lit The ultimate Brahman Rama holds huge significance in Hindu culture and religion In the Rama avatar Vishnu is not supposed to exhibit any of his divine potencies and lead life as a human 30 As Rama is said to have possessed sixteen ideal qualities Hindus view Rama as Puruṣottama lit The ideal man Vigrahavan dharmaḥ lit Embodiment of Dharma and Adi Puruṣa 31 32 d According to the Hindu epic Ramayana Rama was born in Ayodhya 33 Ayodhya is among seven most sacred cities to Hindus 34 Pilgrim site Three places in Ayodhya are considered as prominent puṇya kṣetra lit virtued pilgrimage site by Hindus They are Janmasthana lit The birthplace Svargadvara lit The gateway to Heaven and Yajnasthala lit Place where holy sacrifice was performed Temples commemorating these events used to exist in olden days as Janmasthan temple Svargadvar temple and Treta ka Thakur temple respectively However they were destroyed during Islamic rule in the medieval ages and mosques were built 35 36 While Marxist historians like Irfan Habib agree about the fate of Svargadvar and Treta ka Thakur temples there is some lack of consensus among scholars whether Janmasthan temple was destroyed or not during Medieval rule which eventually led to Ayodhya dispute that was resolved legally 37 The Trayodasakṣari mantra Sanskrit त रय दश क षर म त र lit 13 character mantra also known as Sri Rama Taraka Mantra lit The Rama mantra for Salvation is Sri Rama Jaya Rama Jaya Jaya Rama Sanskrit श र र म जय र म जय जय र म and many Hindus believe that chanting it repeatedly lead to salvation 38 39 Taraka means something that carries or helps a Jiva lit a living being cross the ocean of samsara Devotees of Rama such as Valmiki Tulsidas Bhadrachala Ramadasu Samartha Ramadas Tyagaraja Purandara Dasa Gondavalekar Maharaj and Mahatma Gandhi popularised this mantra 40 Deity See also Balak Ram Ram Mandir is being built to commemorate the birth of Rama at his Janmasthan Therefore the presiding deity of the temple is supposed to be the infant form of Rama an avatar of Vishnu Rama in that infant form was referred as Ram Lalla lit Child Rama by Tulsidas However the idol of Rama that was placed in 1949 referred to as Ram Lalla Virajman lit Installed Child Rama by local Hindus 41 Ram Lalla was a litigant in the court case over the disputed site in 1989 being considered a juristic person by the law 3 He was represented by Triloki Nath Pandey a senior VHP leader who was considered Ram Lalla s closest human friend 41 As a new idol of the deity got installed in the sanctum sanctorum as the Mulavirat murti lit The main presiding deity e the Mandir Trust has informed that the Ram Lalla Virajman idol of 1949 shall henceforth be used as Utsava murti lit idol for festivals 44 HistorySee also Ram Janmabhoomi and Ayodhya dispute The site is the former location of the Babri Masjid which was built in the 16th century The mosque was attacked and demolished in 1992 13 14 15 In 2019 the Supreme Court of India delivered the verdict to give the disputed land to Hindus for the construction of a temple while Muslims would be given land elsewhere to construct a mosque 45 Medieval nbsp 1717 CE Map of Ayodhya s Ram Mandir at Jaipur City Palace In 1528 the commander of the Mughal Empire Mir Baqi constructed the Babri Masjid mosque under the order of Babur on the site of the Ram Janmabhoomi the mythical birthplace of Rama 46 page needed The earliest record of the mosque may be traced back to 1767 in the Latin book Descriptio Indiae authored by the Jesuit missionary Joseph Tiefenthaler According to him the local population believed that the mosque was constructed by destroying the Ramkot temple believed to be the fortress of Rama in Ayodhya and the Bedi where the birthplace of Rama is situated 47 48 Modern nbsp Ram Janmbhoomi Mandir in 2024 Disputed location The first instance of religious violence was documented in 1853 49 In December 1858 the British administration prohibited Hindus from conducting puja rituals at the contested site A platform was created for conducting rituals outside the mosque 50 The murtis transl sacred images of Rama and Sita were installed inside the Babri Masjid on the night of 22 23 December 1949 and the devotees began to gather the next day 13 51 By 1950 the state took control of the mosque under Section 145 CrPC and allowed Hindus not Muslims to perform their worship at the site 52 In the 1980s the Vishwa Hindu Parishad VHP belonging to the Hindu nationalist family Sangh Parivar launched a new movement to reclaim the site for Hindus and to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama Ram Lalla at this spot The VHP began to collect funds and bricks with Jai Shri Ram written on them Later the government under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi gave the VHP permission for Shilanyas transl the foundation stone ceremony to proceed with the then Home Minister Buta Singh formally conveying the permission to the VHP leader Ashok Singhal Initially the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh had agreed that the shilanya s would be conducted outside of the disputed site However on 9 November 1989 a group of VHP leaders and Sadhus laid the foundation stone by digging a 200 litre 7 cubic foot pit adjacent to the disputed land The singhdwar transl main entrance of the sanctum sanctorum was constructed there 53 The VHP then laid the foundations of a temple on the land adjacent to the disputed mosque Demolition of the Babri Masjid On 6 December 1992 the VHP and the Bharatiya Janata Party organised a rally at the site involving 150 000 volunteers known as karsevaks The rally turned violent the crowd overwhelmed the security forces and tore down the mosque 54 55 The demolition of the mosque resulted in several months of inter communal violence between India s Hindu and Muslim communities causing the death of an estimated 2 000 people in Bombay now Mumbai as a direct consequence and triggering riots all over the Indian subcontinent 56 A day after the demolition of the mosque on 7 December 1992 The New York Times reported that over 30 Hindu temples across Pakistan were attacked some set on fire and one was demolished Hindu temples in Bangladesh were also attacked 54 On 5 July 2005 five terrorists attacked the makeshift Ram temple at the site of the destroyed Babri Masjid in Ayodhya All five were shot dead in the ensuing encounter with the Central Reserve Police Force CRPF while one civilian died in the grenade attack that the attackers launched to breach the cordoned wall The CRPF suffered three casualties two of whom were seriously injured with multiple gunshot wounds 57 58 ASI excavations Reports on two archaeological excavations in 1978 and 2003 conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India ASI claimed to have found evidence indicating that a temple existed on the site 59 60 The claims were heavily disputed by critics as contradictory and unreliable 61 62 63 64 65 Archaeologist K K Muhammed maintained that remains of a Hindu temple were found in 1978 and accused several historians of averting a settlement for the dispute 66 Court rulings Over the years various title and legal disputes took place such as the passage of the Acquisition of Certain Areas at Ayodhya Act in 1993 In 2010 the Allahabad High Court ruled that the 1 12 hectares 2 77 acres of disputed land be divided into three parts one going to the Ram Lalla or Infant Rama represented by the Hindu Mahasabha for the construction of the Ram temple one going to the Muslim Sunni Waqf Board and one going to Hindu religious denomination Nirmohi Akhara 8 67 All three parties involved appealed against the division of disputed land to the Supreme Court 68 69 In the Supreme Court s verdict on the Ayodhya dispute in 2019 it was decided that the disputed land would be handed over to a trust formed by the Government of India for the construction of a Ram temple 70 71 The court referenced the 2003 report from the Archaeological Survey of India ASI as evidence suggesting the presence of a structure beneath the demolished Babri Masjid that was found to be non Islamic 72 73 The Supreme Court in its landmark judgement concluded that the underlying structure beneath the mosque was not an Islamic structure and also concluded that no evidence was found that a non Islamic structure was specifically demolished for the construction of the Babri Masjid 73 74 Another salient aspect in the apex court s judgement is on the question on the claim of Hindus that disputed structure as the birthplace of Rama The court observed that the Hindu claim is undisputed and opined that there is clear evidence that Hindus believed that site to be Rama s birthplace 75 76 Trust formation and start of construction The trust was eventually formed under the name of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra On 5 February 2020 it was announced in the Parliament of India that the government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi had accepted a plan to construct the temple Two days later on 7 February 2 0 hectares 5 acres of land was allocated for a new mosque to be built 22 km 14 mi away from Ayodhya City in Dhannipur village Ayodhya 70 71 ArchitectureSee also Hindu temple architecture The original design for Ram Mandir was devised in 1988 by the Sompura family of Ahmedabad 3 The Sompuras have contributed to the design of over 100 temples worldwide for at least 15 generations including the Somnath temple 77 The chief architect of the temple was Chandrakant Sompura assisted by his two sons Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura who are also architects 78 A new design with some changes from the original was prepared by the Sompuras in 2020 78 per the Hindu texts the Vastu shastra and the Shilpa shastras 79 The temple will be 250 feet 76 m wide 380 feet 120 m long and 161 feet 49 m high 80 Upon completion the temple complex became the world s third largest Hindu temple 78 It is designed in the Maru Gurjara architecture of Nagara style a type of Hindu temple architecture found primarily in northern India 77 A model of the proposed temple was showcased during the Prayag Kumbh Mela in 2019 81 The temple s main structure has been built on a raised platform with three storeys It has five mandapas in the middle of the garbhagriha sanctum sanctorum and on the entrance passage The Shri Ram Darbar located on the first floor comprises five halls Nritya Mandap Rang Mandap Sabha Mandap Prarthana Mandap and Kirtan Mandap In Nagara style the mandapas are decorated with shikharas 82 83 Adorned with deity statues the temple includes dedicated mandirs for Surya Bhagwati Ganesh and Shiv at the corners Annapurna and Hanuman temples are on the northern and southern arms The foundation features a 14 metre 46 ft thick roller compacted concrete layer resembling artificial rock with a 21 foot 6 4 m granite plinth for moisture protection avoiding iron use Accessibility is ensured with ramps lifts and facilities for the elderly and differently abled A pilgrims facility centre for 25 000 people offers medical and locker services Environmental focus preserves 70 of the 70 acre 28 ha area as green space emphasising water conservation 84 85 86 The temple has a total of 366 columns The columns have 16 idols each to include the incarnations of Shiva the 10 Dashavataras the Chausath Yoginis and the 12 incarnations of the goddess Saraswati The width of the stairs are 16 feet 4 9 m Per scriptures dedicated to the design of temples dedicated to Vishnu the sanctum sanctorum is octagonal in shape 79 The temple covers an area of 4 0 hectares 10 acres while the remaining 23 hectares 57 acres of land has been developed into a complex with a prayer hall a lecture hall an educational facility and other facilities including a museum and a cafeteria 53 additional citation s needed According to the temple committee the site has a capability to handle 70 000 visitors 87 Larsen amp Toubro offered to oversee the design and construction of the temple free of cost and became the contractor of the project 88 89 The Central Building Research Institute National Geophysical Research Institute and the Bombay Guwahati and Madras IITs have assisted in areas such as soil testing concrete supply and design 90 91 The construction work has been accomplished with 600 000 cubic feet 17 000 m3 of sandstone from Baansi in Rajasthan 79 No iron and steel has been used in the construction of the temple and the fusing of the stone blocks has required ten thousand copper plates 92 In a culturally significant move Thailand also symbolically contributed to the inauguration of the Ram Mandir by sending soil to the Ram Janmabhoomi building on their prior gesture of sending water from two rivers in Thailand to honour the temple 93 According to the temple trust the final blueprint of Ram Mandir included temples dedicated to Surya Ganesha Shiva Durga Vishnu and Brahma in the temple grounds 94 FundraisingThe Ram Mandir was built with funds gained through a huge fundraising drives involving nearly two million volunteers The first to contribute was then president Ramnath Kovind was the first to contribute donating 500 000 on 14 January 2021 95 Over 127 million donations amounting to approximately 50 billion were received by the temple 96 97 98 99 Some media outlets in India claimed that the construction of the Ram mandir was one of the worlds biggest crowd funded projects 100 Fundraising by the Mandir trust has ended on 27 February 2021 101 In 2015 the Hindu Mahasabha among the leading organisation involved in the Ram Mandir issue alleged the BJP affiliate Vishwa Hindu Parishad VHP of carrying out donation scam of over 1 400 crore US 180 million over the construction of the temple The VHP denied this allegation 26 In 2019 the national spokesperson of the Nirmohi Akhara Mahant Sitaram Das accused the VHP of carrying out a 1 400 crore US 180 million scam over the temple 25 Political leaders from opposition parties have also questioned the methods of fund collection 102 103 The public were warned of instances in which online scammers posed as fundraisers 104 ConstructionSee also 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust began the first phase of construction of the Ram Mandir in March 2020 105 106 The COVID 19 pandemic lockdown in India caused a temporary suspension of the construction 107 108 On 25 March 2020 Ram s idol was moved to a temporary location in the presence of the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath 109 In preparation for the temple s construction the Vishwa Hindu Parishad VHP organised a Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan in which individuals would gather at different places to chant the Vijay Mahamantra Shri Ram Jai Ram Jai Jai Ram on 6 April 2020 This was said to ensure victory over hurdles in constructing the temple 110 It was officially announced by Champat Rai the General Secretary of the Sri Ram Janmbhoomi Kshetra Trust that 22 January 2024 would be the scheduled date for the installation of the Ram Lalla idol in the garbhagriha sanctum sanctorum On 25 October 2023 a formal invitation was extended to Prime Minister Narendra Modi to attend the ceremony 111 In 2020 the national spokesperson of the Nirmohi Akhara Mahant Sitaram Das criticised the BJP s decision to have the temple foundation begun by Narendra Modi and said that the work of building the temple should be done only by the religious priests 28 A number of Hindutva proponents including online social media influencers raised objections over the temple s construction with regards to its design and involvement of the Muslims claiming that they found Islamic motifs in the Ram Mandir Champat Rai the general secretary of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust responded to these concerns by saying that temple was being sculpted by experts and there could be no question about their religion 112 verification needed The vice president of the Hindu Mahasabha Pandit Ashok Sharma said that the BJP got the entire thing politicised 27 A number of opposition parties as well as BJP members themselves have criticised the BJP for using the temple to for gain political mileage 113 The President of the Congress Mallikarjun Kharge had questioned the authority of Home Minister Amit Shah after he declared the opening date of the temple 114 The BJP leader Subramanian Swamy questioned Prime Minister Narendra Modi s involvement in Ram Mandir s inauguration 115 The Congress MP Shashi Tharoor has criticised the Indian media for diverting attention from critical governance issues by overly focusing on the temple 116 Bhumi Pujan ceremony nbsp Prime Minister Narendra Modi performing Bhumi Pujan or the groundbreaking ceremony for the Ram Mandir Also visible are the chief of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh RSS Mohan Bhagwat and the Governor of Uttar Pradesh Anandiben Patel On the occasion of Bhumi Pujan the Ram Lalla s dress was stitched by tailors Bhagwat Prasad and Shankar Lal a fourth generation tailor to Rama s idol 117 The temple construction officially started again after a Bhumi Pujan transl ground breaking ceremony on 5 August 2020 The three day long Vedic ritual was held ahead of the groundbreaking ceremony which revolved around the installation of a 40 kg 88 pounds silver brick as the foundation stone by Prime Minister Narendra Modi 3 On the day before on 4 August the Ramarchan Puja transl Puja of Rama s feet was performed in order to ritually invite all the major deities into the temple 118 On the occasion of the Bhoomi Poojan soil and holy water were collected from several religious places across India such as the Triveni Sangam of the rivers Ganga Yamuna and Saraswati at Prayagraj the head of the Kaveri river at Talakaveri in Karnataka and the Kamakhya Temple in Assam 119 Soil was also sent from various Hindu temples gurudwaras and Jain temples across the nation as well as from the four pilgrimage sites in Char Dham to bless the temple 120 Before the ceremony Prime Minister Narendra Modi sought Hanuman s blessing by praying at the Hanuman Garhi Temple in Ayodhya 121 The Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath Chief of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Mohan Bhagwat Chief of the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas and Chief of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Nritya Gopal Das and Narendra Modi gave speeches 121 Some priests and religious leaders such as Swaroopanand Saraswati complained that 5 August was not a ritually auspicious date and that the ceremony did not follow proper ritual procedures They also claimed that the function did not include a havan 122 Writer and activist Arundhati Roy a noted critic of PM Modi pointed out that the chosen date marked one year since the revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir 56 The Pakistan Foreign Office issued a statement criticising India for commencing for constructing a temple on the former site of the destroyed Babri Masjid 123 In 2017 the Hindu Mahasabha accused the BJP Bajrang Dal and other Sangh Parivar organisations of hijacking the Ram Mandir despite having no involvement in its long battle 124 27 In 2020 Pramod Joshi the national spokesperson of the Hindu Mahasabha said that the real credit of Ram Mandir belongs to Hindu Mahasabha and that the Hindu Mahasabha should have performed the bhumi pujan but instead had been kept away He added that the committee for the temple was formed at the BJP s central office and the Hindu Mahasabha was sidelined 125 2021 present The temple trust decided to launch a nationwide mass contact and contribution campaign aimed at reaching 55 600 million people 91 Voluntary donations of 1 1 3 US and higher were accepted 126 On 1 January 2021 former President Ram Nath Kovind made the first contribution towards the construction of the Ram Mandir by donating more than 5 lakh US 6 300 127 Several leaders and notable personalities across the nation followed this By April 2021 around 5 000 crore US 630 million was collected from donations across India 128 129 Nearly 150 000 VHP activists participated in collecting donations The temple trust also received donations from the members of the Muslim and Christian communities 130 nbsp View of the Ram Mandir under construction in 2022 In August 2021 a viewing location was created for the public to observe the construction works in the temple site 131 Following the groundbreaking ceremony up to 40 feet 12 m of debris were removed and the remaining earth compacted 132 The foundation was made using roller compacted concrete 133 A total of 47 48 layers with each layer 1 foot 0 30 m high were completed by mid September 2021 132 134 Due to electricity supply issues in Mirzapur the cutting of the sandstone was slowed down 94 In early 2022 a video was released by the temple trust showing the planned construction of the temple in 3D along with other related information 135 136 5 In January 2023 two 60 million year old Shaligram rocks 26 tonnes and 14 tonnes respectively were sent from the Gandaki river in Nepal These rocks were used to carve the idol of Ram Lalla in the sanctum sanctorum 137 In August 2023 according to the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust 70 of the groundwork was completed and 40 of the roof work was completed 138 In December 2023 the entire base along with the six smaller temples that surround the main temple which consists of the sanctum sanctorum were almost completed 139 For its consecration only the ground floor was opened 140 The temple is expected to be completed by the end of 2024 140 Consecration nbsp Devotees and visitors celebrating the Prana Pratishtha ceremony outside the temple on 22 January 2024Main article Consecration of the Ram Mandir On 22 June 2023 Temple Construction Committee chairman Nripendra Misra announced that the ground floor of the three story temple was complete and was expected to open for the devotees in January 2024 141 The Ram Mandir Teerth Kshetra Trust announced that Hindu astrologers had selected 22 January 2024 as the auspicious date for the consecration ceremony 142 In preparation for the Prana Pratishtha consecration ceremony the Government of Uttar Pradesh earmarked 100 crore US 13 million for Ramotsav a series of religious events that spanned 826 local bodies across Uttar Pradesh along with the Ram Paduka Yatra commencing in December 2023 and culminating in the grand celebrations from Makar Sankranti on 16 January 2024 and lasting until the inauguration of the Ram Mandir on 22 January The yatra followed the Ram Van Gaman Path retracing Rama s 14 year exile from Ayodhya 143 The trust the Government of Uttar Pradesh and Ayodhya city administrators carried out extensive preparations to accommodate the influx of devotees and invited guests from all over the world 144 Strict security measures were enacted in and around the temple premises 145 The Government of Uttar Pradesh announced public holiday to mark the occasion The Government of India and some state governments declared a half day holiday 146 Prime Minister Narendra Modi was invited to perform the Prana Pratishtha of the newly made idol in the sanctum sanctorum 147 In preparation he undertook an 11 day fast consuming only coconut water and fruit and sleeping on the ground at night 148 He performed the consecration ceremony on 22 January 2024 from 12 15 PM to 12 45PM IST 149 Prime Minister Modi urged every Indian to light up diyas to mark the occasion and celebrate it like Diwali 150 nbsp Prime Minister Modi during Prana PratishthaThe guests were addressed by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat and Prime Minister Modi 151 152 Modi spoke of Rama as a symbol of righteousness and unity emphasising the temple as a testament to India s cultural resilience 153 and underscoring its role in shaping a new India one based on social harmony economic prosperity and scientific progress He urged citizens to draw inspiration from Ram s ideals to build a strong and vibrant nation While Yogi Adityanath s address was steeped in religious fervor celebrating the Ram Mandir as a victory for faith and perseverance He praised the devotion of millions who contributed to the temple s construction and acknowledged the divine blessings that guided the process 154 155 Mohan Bhagwat spoke of the Ram Mandir as a symbol of national pride marking the revival of India s cultural heritage He emphasised the importance of preserving ancient traditions and values in a rapidly modernising world 156 The guest list also included prominent industrialists scientists actors army officers spiritual leaders and Padma awardees 157 158 The event was organised by Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra 159 The four Shankaracharyas are given the highest importance in matters of Hinduism f Citing various reasons none of them of the four cardinal mathas took part in the ceremony 161 162 163 Sringeri Sharada Peetham issued a denial that its head seer Bharathi Tirtha had expressed some displeasure and called the ceremony a matter of joy for all Hindu believers 164 Tirtha blessed the event and sent an administrative officer Gowrishankar as representative of the matha 165 The head seer of Govardhan Math Nischalananda Saraswati said that the ceremony deviated from established tradition 166 The head seer of Jyotir Math Swami Avimukteshwaranand has stated that the ceremony is against Hindu sastras as the temple is still under construction 167 However he has also said that Narendra Modi whom he admires has awakened the self respect of Hindus 168 The head seer of the Dwarka Sharada Peetham Swami Sadanand Saraswati welcomed the ceremony as a long awaited moment 169 He said that none of the four Shankaracharyas were angry and that it was not appropriate for them to attend given the massive crowd expected 170 Impact and associated activities nbsp A 9 8 metre 32 ft model of Ram Mandir displayed during Diwali of 2020 at Pacific Mall in New Delhi 171 172 The temple construction has been accompanied by a 10 billion transformation plan for Ayodhya town encompassing a new airport revamped railway station and township development fostering multiple hotel development projects and stimulating various economic activities 24 Uttar Pradesh which used to be a BIMARU state recently had its GDP share surpassing Tamil Nadu 173 As Hindu devotees all over the world throng to have a darshan auspicious viewing of this deity the subsequent economic impact has been estimated to further enrich the state by the end of the year 2024 by four trillion Indian rupees equivalent to 48 billion US dollars 174 Given its religious significance among Hindus it is estimated that with 50 million annual visitors Ayodhya s Ram temple is likely to become the most visited Hindu pilgrimage site in India 175 After the opening of the Ram Temple to public on 23 January 2024 Ayodhya has welcomed 2 4 million visitors in just 12 days 176 Based on the current visitor numbers the Ayodhya s Ram temple is projected to become one of the most visited pilgrimage sites in the world surpassing Mecca and the Vatican 177 Given the temple rush by devotees from all parts of India it was estimated that spiritual tourism at Ayodhya has potential to create thousands of jobs as more manpower is required to cater the needs of the Ram mandir visitors and also attract huge investments 178 179 On April 17 2024 the first Ram Navami Ram s birth festival after the consecration of the Ram Temple was celebrated by thousands of devotees 180 On this occasion the Ram Temple witnessed a unique event at noon as the forehead of the Ram Lalla idol was anointed with a ray of sunlight known as Surya Tilak 181 As the sun rays illuminated the forehead of the Lord Ram Lalla idol scores of devotees celebrated the event 180 The development of the Surya Tilak mechanism involved collaboration between scientists from Central Building Research Institute CBRI Roorkee and the Indian Institute of Astrophysics IIAP Bengaluru who devised a sophisticated apparatus consisting of mirrors and lenses to direct a beam of light to the deity s forehead marking a significant scientific feat 181 180 In popular culture nbsp Uttar Pradesh tableau in the Republic Day parade of 2021 During the 2021 Republic Day parade on Rajpath Uttar Pradesh s tableau showcased a replica of the Ram Mandir 182 In October 2023 Durga Puja celebrations in Santosh Mitra Square Kolkata exhibited a replica of Ram Mandir along with other notable buildings around the world 183 184 Slogans Mandir wahi banayenge transl The temple will be built exactly there is an expression in Hindi and has become one of the most popular slogans concerning the Ram Janmabhoomi movement and Ram Mandir It has been used as early as 1985 86 was popularised in the 1990s and has several variations 185 186 It has been a symbol of hope and it has become a part of festivities and has also become a part of stand up comedy jokes and memes 187 188 In 2019 the slogan was used in the Parliament of India 187 and it has also been used by media houses 189 190 The slogan has been used as a threat as well as a vow 191 There are variations of the slogan such as one used by Lal Krishna Advani Saugandh Ram ki Khat e hain Hum Mandir Wahin Banayegein transl We take a vow of Rama that we will build the temple exactly there 185 Other variations and adaptations include Wahin Banega Mandir transl A temple will be built there 189 Jaha Ram Ka Janma Hua Tha Hum Mandir Wahi Banayenge transl The temple will be built where Rama was born 186 Ram Lalla Hum Aayenge Mandir Wahi Banayenge transl Ram Lalla we will come the temple will be built there or Ram Lalla we will come to construct a Mandir exactly there 186 and Pehle mandir fir sarkaar transl First the temple then the government 192 Books The Battle for Rama Case of the Temple at Ayodhya by Meenakshi Jain ISBN 9788173055799 8173055793 Sunrise over Ayodhya Nationhood in Our Times by Salman Khurshid ISBN 9789354923050 9354923054 Ram Janmabhoomi The Inspiration for Hindu Resurgence by Rashmi SamantNotes Only the main temple construction has completed The temple complex is still under construction Chandrakant Sompura 2 Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura 3 The avatars of Vishnu are of two types Purṇa and Amsa lit A part In the former Vishnu himself was supposed to have descended on Earth from his abode while in the latter an equivalent part or a copy of him was sent to take the incarnation Nrisimha Rama and Krishna are said to be the Purnavataras of Vishnu 29 As per Valmiki Ramayana Rama had sixteen qualities Rama was said to be 1 guṇavan 2 viryavan 3 dharmajnaḥ 4 kṛtajnaḥ 5 satyavakyaḥ 6 dṛḍhavrataḥ 7 caritraḥ 8 sarvabhuteṣu hitaḥ 9 vidvan 10 samarthaḥ 11 priyadarsanaḥ 12 atmavan 13 jitakrodhaḥ 14 dyutiman 15 anasuyakaḥ and 16 jataroṣasya saṃyuge devasca bibhyati The presiding deity is also referred by other names such as Acala murti lit Immovable idol Dhṛva murti lit Fixed idol and Mulavigraha lit The main idol 42 43 Adi Sankara who revived Hinduism in the eighth century CE has established four cardinal mutts to protect Hinduism and Vedas These mutts are referred to as Chatur Amnaya Piṭha lit four seats of Vedic knowledge These mutts are located in India at Sringeri in the South Puri in the East Dwarka in the West and Badrinath in the North 160 They are meant to protect Yajurveda Rigveda Samaveda and Atharvaveda respectively See alsoHindu pilgrimage sites in India Hindu pilgrimage sites of world List of Hindu festivals Rama Navami festival Tourism in IndiaReferences Prana Pratishta at Ram Mandir to be held on January 22 Nripendra Misra Business Standard 10 December 2023 Archived from the original on 31 December 2023 Retrieved 31 December 2023 Umarji Vinay 15 November 2019 Chandrakant Sompura the man who designed a Ram temple for Ayodhya Business Standard Archived from the original on 30 May 2020 Retrieved 27 May 2020 a b c d Pandey Alok 23 July 2020 Ayodhya s Ram Temple Will Be 161 Foot Tall An Increase Of 20 Feet NDTV Archived from the original on 25 August 2021 Retrieved 23 July 2020 Gaur Vatsala 5 August 2020 PM Modi lays foundation stone of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya says wait of centuries has ended The Economic Times Archived from the original on 31 December 2023 Retrieved 31 December 2023 a b c Ram Temple Second phase of foundation expected to be completed by Jan end Mint 15 January 2022 Archived from the original on 26 January 2022 Retrieved 26 January 2022 a b Why India s New Ram Temple Is So Important The New York Times 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 29 February 2024 a b Ayodhya Ram Mandir India PM Modi inaugurates Hindu temple on razed Babri mosque site BBC News 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 29 February 2024 a b BBC 16 October 2019 Archived from the original on 7 September 2023 Retrieved 8 September 2023 Bajpai Namita 7 May 2020 Land levelling for Ayodhya Ram temple soon says mandir trust after video conference The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 8 May 2020 a b India s Modi leads consecration of Ram temple in Ayodhya Reuters 22 January 2024 Retrieved 1 March 2024 Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi led the consecration on Monday of a grand temple to the Hindu god Lord Ram on a site believed to be his birthplace Five lakh visitors and counting On Day 1 after Ayodhya Ram Temple inauguration The Indian Express 24 January 2024 Archived from the original on 9 April 2024 Retrieved 8 April 2024 Five lakh visitors and counting On Day 1 after Ayodhya Ram Temple inauguration a rush for first darshan Visiting Ram Temple in Ayodhya the guidelines no mobile phones The Indian Express 13 March 2024 Archived from the original on 9 April 2024 Retrieved 8 April 2024 A little over a month since the inauguration of the Ram temple the temple is witnessing an average of 1 to 1 5 lakh pilgrims on a daily basis a b c Kunal Kishore 2016 Ayodhya Revisited 1st ed New Delhi Ocean Books Pvt Ltd pp xxxii ISBN 978 81 8430 357 5 a b Sethi M 2021 Communities and Courts Religion and Law in Modern India Routledge South Asian History and Culture Series Taylor amp Francis p 154 ISBN 978 1 00 053785 7 Archived from the original on 13 January 2024 Retrieved 13 January 2024 a b Lal Makkhan 20 March 2019 Historical texts prove that a temple was destroyed in Ayodhya to build the Babri Masjid Opinion ThePrint Archived from the original on 24 December 2023 Retrieved 29 January 2024 Ayodhya dispute The complex legal history of India s holy site 16 October 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 2 January 2024 Ayodhya dispute The complex legal history of India s holy site 16 October 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 27 December 2023 Six temples of different deities in Ayodhya Ram temple s final blueprint The Hindu PTI 13 September 2021 ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 Retrieved 22 November 2021 Ayodhya Ram Mandir LIVE updates PM Modi in garbha griha rituals start Hindustan Times 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Ayodhya Ram Mandir Inauguration Live Updates Ram Mandir Pran Pratishtha Ceremony Chief Yajman Narendra Modi takes sankalp for consecration ceremony at Ram temple in Ayodhya Ganesh puja under way The Times of India 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Bureau The Hindu 16 November 2023 Ayodhya Ram temple will open to the public on this date The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 10 December 2023 Retrieved 10 December 2023 Ram Temple Consecration PM Modi s Full Schedule For Ayodhya Temple Event NDTV Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Ayodhya s Ram Temple may draw 50 million visitors annually to surpass Tirupati Mecca and Vatican CNBC 24 January 2024 Archived from the original on 27 January 2024 Retrieved 31 March 2024 Ayodhya s Ram Temple may draw 50 million visitors annually to surpass Tirupati Mecca and Vatican a b Ayodhya s over 10 billion revamp could generate around 3bn in tax revenue for UP WION 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 4 April 2024 Retrieved 31 March 2024 10 billion transformation plan encompassing a new airport revamped railway station township development a b Ram Temple Nirmohi Akhada accuses VHP of financial scam over funds collected for building mandir news abplive com 30 January 2019 Archived from the original on 26 March 2023 Retrieved 4 January 2024 a b Verma Lalmani 16 July 2015 Ram Temple in Ayodhya Hindu Mahasabha claims VHP pocketed Rs 1 400 cr Singhal rubbishes charge The Indian Express Archived from the original on 4 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 a b c Rai Sandeep 6 December 2017 We were real architects of Ram temple movement Hindu Mahasabha The Times of India Archived from the original on 27 June 2023 Retrieved 4 January 2024 a b Jaiswal Anuja 24 July 2020 Leave bhoomi pujan to saints Nirmohi Akhara spokesperson tells PM The Times of India Archived from the original on 4 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 Purnavatara Purṇavatara Purna avatara 5 definitions Wisdom Library 23 May 2018 Archived from the original on 15 February 2024 Retrieved 15 February 2024 Narayan R K 2006 The Ramayana Penguin Publishing Group ISBN 9781440623271 Archived from the original on 15 February 2024 Retrieved 15 February 2024 శ ర ర మ న ల ఉన న 16 గ ణ ల మ క త ల స Eenadu in Telugu 21 May 2023 Archived from the original on 15 February 2024 Retrieved 15 February 2024 Aravamudan Krishnan 2014 Pure Gems of Ramayanam Partridge India p 12 ISBN 9781482837209 Archived from the original on 12 April 2024 Retrieved 15 February 2024 PTI Faith in Ram s birthplace based on Valmiki Ramayana Deccan Herald Archived from the original on 28 December 2023 Retrieved 28 December 2023 Kunal Kishore 2016 Ayodhya Revisited Prabhat Prakashan p 3 ISBN 978 81 8430 357 5 Singhal Yogy 2013 The Human Trinity Partridge India p 3 ISBN 9781482813876 Archived from the original on 15 February 2024 Retrieved 15 February 2024 Benett William Charles 1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh Oudh Government Press p 6 Kunal Kishore 2016 Ayodhya Revisited Prabhat Prakashan p 303 ISBN 978 81 8430 357 5 Thomas Ashley Farrand 2008 Healing Mantras Random House Publishing Group p 148 ISBN 9780307556615 archived from the original on 16 February 2024 retrieved 16 February 2024 Tekijat Ana Hernandez 2012 The Sacred Art of Chant Preparing to Practice Turner Publishing Company ISBN 9781594734823 archived from the original on 16 February 2024 retrieved 16 February 2024 Sadguru Sant Keshavadas 1988 Ramayana at a Glance Motilal Banarsidass Publications p 15 ISBN 9788120805453 archived from the original on 12 April 2024 retrieved 15 February 2024 a b Ayodhya Case Verdict Who is Ram Lalla Virajman the Divine Infant Given the Possession of Disputed Ayodhya Land News18 9 November 2019 Archived from the original on 28 September 2020 Retrieved 4 August 2020 K Seshadri 1998 Srivaishnavism and social change K P Bagchi amp Company p 50 ISBN 978 81 7074 198 5 Archived from the original on 12 April 2024 Retrieved 12 February 2024 Kota Neelima 2012 Tirupati A Guide to Life Random House India ISBN 978 81 8400 359 8 Archived from the original on 12 April 2024 Retrieved 12 February 2024 Maulshree Seth ed 3 January 2024 Ram Lalla Virajman that fought temple suit for decades to be placed as festival idol The Indian Express Archived from the original on 27 January 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Ayodhya dispute The complex legal history of India s holy site 16 October 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 2 January 2024 Jain Meenakshi 2017 The Battle for Rama Case of the Temple at Ayodhya Aryan Books International ISBN 978 8 173 05579 9 Kishore Kunal 2016 Ayodhya Revisited 1st ed New Delhi Ocean Books Pvt Ltd pp xxix ISBN 978 81 8430 357 5 Babri mosque to Ram temple A timeline from 1528 to 2024 Al Jazeera 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Timeline Ayodhya holy site crisis BBC News 29 September 2010 Archived from the original on 10 December 2019 Retrieved 24 December 2023 Kunal Kishore 2016 Ayodhya Revisited 1st ed New Delhi Ocean Books Pvt Ltd pp xxx ISBN 978 81 8430 357 5 Agrawal S P Aggarwal J C 1992 Information India 1990 91 Global View Concepts in communication informatics and librarianship Concept Publishing Company p 489 ISBN 978 81 7022 293 4 Archived from the original on 4 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 Chatterji R 2014 Wording the World Veena Das and Scenes of Inheritance Forms of Living Fordham University Press p 408 ISBN 978 0 8232 6187 1 Archived from the original on 4 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 a b Grand Ram temple in Ayodhya before 2022 The New Indian Express IANS 11 November 2019 Archived from the original on 13 November 2019 Retrieved 26 May 2020 a b Anderson John Ward Moore Molly 8 December 1992 200 Indians killed in riots following mosque destruction The Washington Post Archived from the original on 14 July 2020 Retrieved 29 August 2020 Fuller Christopher John 2004 The Camphor Flame Popular Hinduism and Society in India Princeton University Press p 262 ISBN 0 691 12048 X archived from the original on 21 August 2023 retrieved 24 August 2020 a b Kidangoor Abhishyant 4 August 2020 India s Narendra Modi Broke Ground on a Controversial Temple of Ram Here s Why It Matters Time Archived from the original on 12 November 2020 Retrieved 29 January 2024 For Muslims in India it is the site of a 16th century mosque that was demolished by a mob in 1992 sparking sectarian riots that led to some 2 000 deaths Front Page Armed storm Ayodhya complex The Hindu PTI UNI 6 July 2005 Archived from the original on 8 July 2005 Indian PM condemns the attack in Ayodhya People s Daily Online Xinhua 6 July 2005 Archived from the original on 11 October 2012 Retrieved 27 November 2021 Bhattacharya Santwana 6 March 2003 I found pillar bases back in mid seventies Prof Lal The Indian Express Archived from the original on 16 January 2016 Retrieved 7 October 2020 Proof of temple found at Ayodhya ASI report Rediff PTI 25 August 2020 Archived from the original on 8 October 2020 Retrieved 7 October 2020 Sharma Betwa 20 January 2019 Babri Revisited ASI Suppressed Animal Bone Findings At Mosque Site HuffPost Archived from the original on 16 January 2024 Retrieved 16 January 2024 Ayodhya verdict yet another blow to secularism Sahmat The Hindu Chennai India 3 October 2010 Archived from the original on 6 October 2010 Retrieved 21 January 2024 Aligarh Historians Society 3 January 2011 History amp Judgement of Allahabad High Court in Ramjanmabhumi and Babri Masjid Case Retrieved 8 August 2020 Archeologist Who Observed Dig Says No Evidence of Temple Under Babri Masjid The Wire 6 December 2022 Archived from the original on 1 April 2023 Retrieved 17 January 2024 Pankaj Jayant 6 December 2021 Rama Janmabhoomi Issue Exposing the myth behind the narrative The International Archived from the original on 29 May 2023 Retrieved 17 January 2024 Left historians prevented resolution of Babri Masjid dispute says KK Mohammed former ASI regional head India News Firstpost Firstpost 21 January 2016 Archived from the original on 3 November 2023 Retrieved 26 December 2023 Ram Janm Bhumi Babri Masjid Gist of Judgments Archived from the original on 28 September 2011 Court orders 3 way division of disputed Ayodhya land The Hindu Chennai India 30 September 2010 Archived from the original on 3 October 2010 Ayodhya Dispute Case Background Supreme Court Observer Archived from the original on 6 January 2018 a b From Parliament Floor PM Modi Announces 15 Member Trust for Ayodhya Ram Temple 5 Acres Allotted for Masjid News18 5 February 2020 Archived from the original on 31 December 2023 Retrieved 31 December 2023 a b Dhannipur near Ayodhya already has 15 mosques local Muslims want hospital and college too 7 February 2020 Archived from the original on 2 February 2021 Retrieved 28 January 2021 Ayodhya dispute The complex legal history of India s holy site 16 October 2019 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 27 December 2023 a b Daniyal Shoaib 11 November 2019 No the Supreme Court did not uphold the claim that Babri Masjid was built by demolishing a temple Scroll in Archived from the original on 4 February 2024 Retrieved 3 February 2024 Ayodhya verdict The ASI findings Supreme Court spoke about in its judgment India Today New Delhi India 4 April 2022 Archived from the original on 19 December 2020 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Dam Abhirup 22 November 2019 In search of Ram The death of wisdom tradition and philosophy The Telegraph Archived from the original on 19 February 2024 Retrieved 12 February 2024 Ayodhya verdict The ASI findings Supreme Court spoke about in its judgment India Today 4 April 2024 Archived from the original on 19 December 2020 Retrieved 12 February 2024 a b Sampal Rahul 28 July 2020 Somnath Akshardham amp now Ram Mandir Gujarat family designing temples for 15 generations ThePrint Archived from the original on 29 July 2020 Retrieved 29 July 2020 a b c Bajpai Namita 5 August 2020 280 feet wide 300 feet long and 161 feet tall Ayodhya Ram temple complex to be world s third largest Hindu shrine The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 3 February 2024 Retrieved 17 February 2024 a b c Misra Leena 6 August 2020 Meet the Sompuras master architects who are building the Ram Temple in Ayodhya The Indian Express Archived from the original on 6 August 2020 Retrieved 14 August 2020 Nagara style architecture no iron What the historic Ram temple in Ayodhya will look like Firstpost 4 January 2024 Archived from the original on 5 January 2024 Retrieved 5 January 2024 Ayodhya Ram Mandir construction to begin in April this year Trustee Business Standard India Press Trust of India 6 February 2020 Archived from the original on 13 July 2020 Retrieved 9 May 2020 Ram Temple sanctum sanctorum likely to be built by end of the year Hindustan Times 13 June 2023 Archived from the original on 6 September 2023 Retrieved 29 January 2024 Ram temple to be grander than planned earlier Architect The Hindu 31 July 2020 Archived from the original on 20 June 2023 Retrieved 24 December 2023 The Ayodhya Ram temple 4 mandirs at each corner 5 mandaps and emphasis on green cover The Indian Express 5 January 2024 Archived from the original on 23 January 2024 Retrieved 30 January 2024 PTI 22 January 2024 With no iron or steel Ayodhya temple is a study in sandstone The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 29 January 2024 Retrieved 30 January 2024 Nagara architecture 392 pillars 5 mandaps The key features of Ram Mandir Hindustan Times 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 29 January 2024 Retrieved 30 January 2024 Nripendra Misra Chairman Of Construction Panel On Pran Pratishtha Of Ram Mandir In Ayodhya Business Today 6 November 2023 Archived from the original on 3 December 2023 Retrieved 30 November 2023 L amp T to oversee the construction of Ram temple Vishwa Hindu Parishad Business Standard 3 March 2020 Archived from the original on 4 March 2020 Retrieved 6 August 2020 Bajpai Namita 29 February 2020 L amp T ready to construct Ram temple in Ayodhya for free say VHP leaders The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 23 August 2020 Retrieved 6 August 2020 Mishra Avaneesh 10 September 2020 Ayodhya Ram Temple construction L amp T reaches out to IIT M for expert help on design concrete The Indian Express Archived from the original on 25 November 2020 Retrieved 17 November 2020 a b Rashid Omar 4 January 2021 Work on Ayodhya Ram temple foundation to begin by January end says trust The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Construction of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya begins ANI News 20 August 2020 Archived from the original on 22 January 2021 Retrieved 17 November 2020 Ayodhya s Ram Temple To Receive Soil From Thailand Ahead Of Consecration NDTV Archived from the original on 2 December 2023 Retrieved 2 December 2023 a b 6 temples of different deities to be constructed in Ram Janmabhoomi premises India Today Press Trust of India 13 September 2021 Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 Retrieved 22 November 2021 Ayodhya Ram Temple Nearly Rs 5 000 Crore Donations Received Ahead Of Consecration Ceremony News 18 10 January 2024 Archived from the original on 12 February 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Ayodhya Ram Mandir Kashi And Prayagraj Beggars Donate Rs 4 Lakh News 18 28 December 2023 Archived from the original on 29 December 2023 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Das Yudhajit Shankar 22 January 2024 How the Ayodhya Ram temple became a mandir of the masses India Today Archived from the original on 9 February 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Kapoor Sheersh 22 January 2024 Ayodhya Ram Mandir How much money was spent and what does UP stand to gain The Economic Times Archived from the original on 1 February 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Ayodhya Ram Mandir అయ ధ య వ ర ళ ల మ త త ఇప పట వరక ఎ త అధ కమ త త ఇచ చ ద ఎవర Sakshi in Telugu 8 January 2024 Archived from the original on 9 January 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Singh Swadesh 10 January 2024 This is how world s largest crowdfunding project was achieved in Ayodhya The Print Archived from the original on 13 February 2024 Retrieved 13 February 2024 Gopinathan Meenakshi 21 January 2024 ర మ మ ద ర న ర మ ణ న క 10 క ట ల మ ద వ ర ళ ల ఇచ చ ర 45 ర జ ల ల ర 2500 క ట ల Vikatan in Telugu Archived from the original on 13 February 2024 Retrieved 13 February 2024 Ram Mandir Siddaramaiah questions fund drive HDK says he was threatened The News Minute 17 February 2021 Archived from the original on 17 February 2021 Retrieved 17 February 2021 Johari Aarefa 13 February 2021 Ram temple fundraisers leave behind stickers on doors sparking fear and concern Scroll in Archived from the original on 16 February 2021 Retrieved 17 February 2021 Ayodhya Ram temple consecration Beware of fake donation websites VIP passes amp other online scams Deccan Herald 19 January 2024 Archived from the original on 12 February 2024 Retrieved 11 February 2024 Sharma Pratul 23 March 2020 1st phase of Ram temple construction begins in Ayodhya The Week Archived from the original on 30 March 2023 Retrieved 9 May 2020 Ram Mandir Construction र म म द र न र म त च य पह ल य टप प य त ल क म स र Ram Mandir Construction Ram mandir Foundation Starts First Phase of Work Times Now Marathi in Marathi 8 May 2020 Archived from the original on 18 October 2021 Retrieved 8 May 2020 Bajpai Namita 9 April 2020 Ram Mandir plans continue during COVID 19 lockdown temple trust releases its official Logo The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 14 April 2020 Retrieved 9 May 2020 COVID 19 ल कड उन खत म ह त ह अय ध य म श र ह ग भव य र म म द र न र म ण COVID 19 The Ram Temple construction will begin in Ayodhya after the end of lockdown News18 India in Hindi 1 January 1970 Archived from the original on 9 May 2020 Retrieved 8 May 2020 Rashid Omar 25 March 2020 U P Chief Minister Adityanath shifts Ram idol amid lockdown The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 14 April 2020 Retrieved 24 July 2020 VHP to organise Vijay Mahamantra Jaap Anushthan Outlook IANS 4 April 2020 Archived from the original on 6 August 2020 Retrieved 2 August 2020 Sharma Sheenu 25 October 2023 Uttar Pradesh Ram Temple Trust invites PM Modi to install Lord Ram idol in Ayodhya on Jan 22 2024 India TV News Archived from the original on 3 November 2023 Retrieved 3 November 2023 Deb Abhik 22 December 2023 Why some Hindutva supporters are angry with Modi s Ayodhya temple inauguration Scroll in Archived from the original on 6 January 2024 Retrieved 6 January 2024 JD U Minister Slams BJP s Attempt The Times of India 2 January 2024 Archived from the original on 4 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 Manoj C G 6 January 2023 Are you mahant of Ram Temple Mallikarjun Kharge slams Amit Shah for announcing temple opening date The Indian Express Archived from the original on 25 January 2023 Retrieved 4 January 2024 BJP leader Subramanian Swamy questions PM Modi attending inauguration of Ram temple The News Minute 27 December 2023 Archived from the original on 4 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 Team WION Web 27 December 2023 Ram temple consecration ceremony Shashi Tharoor slams BJP over politicisation of religious event WION Archived from the original on 27 December 2023 Retrieved 4 January 2024 अय ध य 5 अगस त क इस ट लर क स ल प श क पहन ग र मलल On 5 August Ram will wear clothes stitched by this tailor News18 India in Hindi 27 July 2020 Archived from the original on 27 July 2020 Retrieved 27 July 2020 Ramarchan puja begins ahead of bhoomi pujan in Ayodhya DNA India 4 August 2020 Archived from the original on 29 August 2020 Retrieved 5 August 2020 Mehta Kriti 22 July 2020 Ram temple bhumi pujan Sangam soil water to be taken to Ayodhya proceedings to be telecast live The Times Of India Archived from the original on 26 July 2020 Retrieved 26 July 2020 Soil from Sharda Peeth in Kashmir to be used in Ram Mandir foundation in Ayodhya The Kashmir Monitor 25 July 2020 Archived from the original on 26 July 2020 Retrieved 26 July 2020 a b Ray Meenakshi ed 5 August 2020 After bhoomi poojan at Ayodhya RSS Mohan Bhagwat says we have fulfilled our resolve Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 25 August 2021 Retrieved 5 August 2020 Pradhan Sharat 7 August 2020 At Ayodhya Bhoomi Pujan Modi Became All in One Proper Rituals Not Followed Allege Pundits thewire in Archived from the original on 24 September 2020 Retrieved 7 August 2020 Pakistan criticises India for starting construction of Ram temple in Ayodhya The Hindu PTI 28 May 2020 ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 26 June 2020 Retrieved 17 November 2020 Rai Sandeep 18 November 2015 India News The Times of India Archived from the original on 26 August 2022 Retrieved 17 January 2024 Karmarkar Ninad 4 August 2020 अय ध य तल य र मम द र च खर श र य ह द मह सभ च च भ जपन व श व सघ त क ल य च ह द मह सभ च आगप खड Real credit for the Ram temple in Ayodhya goes to Hindu Mahasabha marathi abplive com in Marathi Archived from the original on 4 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 Pandey Neelam 15 December 2020 Ram Mandir trust to launch nationwide fund collection drive next month for temple construction ThePrint Archived from the original on 12 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 President Kovind donates Rs 5 lakh for Ram temple construction as fund raising drive kicks off The Indian Express 15 January 2021 Archived from the original on 20 January 2021 Retrieved 18 June 2021 Sharma Sanjay 28 February 2021 Ayodhya Ram temple fundraising drive concludes Rs 21000000000 collected India Today Archived from the original on 28 February 2021 Retrieved 28 February 2021 Ayodhya Ram temple donation 15 000 bank cheques worth Rs 22 crore bounce Zee News 17 April 2021 Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 Retrieved 18 June 2021 Karnataka Dy CM Christian organisations donate over Rs 1 crore for Ram temple s construction Business World 7 February 2021 Archived from the original on 8 May 2023 Retrieved 13 March 2021 Corridor for devotees to see construction of Ram temple Hindustan Times 9 August 2021 Archived from the original on 11 August 2021 Retrieved 11 August 2021 a b Pandey Alok 16 September 2021 Sanyal Anindita ed First Glimpse of Ayodhya Temple Construction Opening Before 2024 Polls NDTV Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 Retrieved 22 November 2021 Construction of Ram Temple in Ayodhya caught in satellite images India Today 30 June 2021 Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 Retrieved 22 November 2021 Ray Meenakshi 17 September 2021 Ram Mandir foundation complete granite from Karnataka Mirzapur s sandstone to be used next Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 Retrieved 22 November 2021 Dixit Pawan 13 January 2022 Trust launches YouTube channel releases short movie on Ram temple construction Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 26 January 2022 Retrieved 26 January 2022 Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust releases short film on mandir construction Navjeevan Express 14 January 2022 Archived from the original on 26 January 2022 Retrieved 26 January 2022 Rare rocks for Lord Ram idol to reach Ayodhya from Nepal on February 2 IndiaTV News Archived from the original on 28 January 2023 Retrieved 29 January 2023 Ayodhya s Ram Mandir Takes Shape Here s First Look of Garbha Griha See Pics 17 May 2023 Archived from the original on 21 May 2023 Retrieved 21 May 2023 Chakraborty Prateek 9 December 2023 Ayodhya Ram temple s sanctum sanctorum nearly ready See pics India Today Archived from the original on 26 December 2023 Retrieved 31 December 2023 a b Pandey Geeta 22 January 2024 Ayodhya Ram Mandir India PM Modi inaugurates Hindu temple on razed Babri mosque site BBC News Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Tak Yashavi 22 June 2023 Ayodhya Construction Committee Announces To Open Ram Temple By 24 January 2024 News 24 Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Ram Mandir consecration Why was 22 January 2024 picked as date for ceremony WION 9 January 2024 Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 100 cr for Ramotsav Mega events in run up to Ram temple inauguration Hindustan Times 1 December 2023 Archived from the original on 2 December 2023 Retrieved 2 December 2023 Ayodhya Ram mandir inauguration 2 days away here s all you need to know about the temple the preparations The Indian Express 20 January 2024 Archived from the original on 23 January 2024 Retrieved 23 January 2024 3 layered security cordon to guard Ayodhya temple The Times of India 20 January 2024 ISSN 0971 8257 Archived from the original on 20 January 2024 Retrieved 20 January 2024 Ram Mandir Inauguration These states have declared a holiday on Jan 22 check full list The Times of India 20 January 2024 ISSN 0971 8257 Archived from the original on 19 January 2024 Retrieved 20 January 2024 Parashar Devendra Sharma Sheenu 26 October 2023 Uttar Pradesh Ram Temple Trust invites PM Modi to install Lord Ram idol in Ayodhya on Jan 22 2024 India TV Archived from the original on 3 November 2023 Retrieved 22 January 2024 PM Modi Breaks His 11 Day Fast After Pran Pratishtha Ceremony at Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Temple in Ayodhya Lokmat Times Archived from the original on 23 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Sharma Mahima 22 January 2024 Ram Mandir Pran Pratishtha Puja Time and Abhijeet Muhurat on January 22 2024 Know its details The Times of India Archived from the original on 22 January 2024 Retrieved 22 January 2024 Celebrate Diwali across country on January 22 on the day of Ram temple ceremony PM Modi at Ayodhya The Indian Express 30 December 2023 Archived from the original on 20 January 2024 Retrieved 20 January 2024 PM s address at the Pran Pratishtha of Shree Ram Lalla at Ayodhya ji Archived from the original on 12 April 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 From forgiveness to dawn of new era 16 themes from PM Modi s Ayodhya speech The Times of India 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 6 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Lord Ram is not a problem but 10 things PM Modi said in Ayodhya today mint 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 3 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 In Yogi Adityanath s Ram Temple Speech A Veiled Swipe At Mulayam Yadav NDTV Archived from the original on 3 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Mandir Wahin Bana Hai Yogi Adityanath After Conclusion Of Pran Pratishtha TimesNow 22 January 2024 Archived from the original on 27 January 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 Mishra Ishita 22 January 2024 Stop fighting over petty issues and stay united says RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat The Hindu Archived from the original on 27 January 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 PM Modi invited to install Lord Ram s idol at Ayodhya temple on January 22 Mint 25 October 2023 Archived from the original on 10 December 2023 Retrieved 29 January 2024 Gautam Adani Virat Kohli among 7 000 prominent personalities in guest list for inauguration of Ram temple The Statesman 7 December 2023 Archived from the original on 10 December 2023 Retrieved 10 December 2023 Ram temple chief priest s strong reaction after Ram Lalla idol photo leaked online Should be investigated Hindustan Times 20 January 2024 Archived from the original on 20 January 2024 Retrieved 20 January 2024 A Sreedhara Menon 2011 Sankaracharya Kerala History and Its Makers DC Books p 48 ISBN 9788126437825 Archived from the original on 12 April 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 Sringeri pontiff denies displeasure over Ayodhya Ram s consecration calls it false propaganda The Week Archived from the original on 13 January 2024 Retrieved 13 January 2024 Dash Nivedita 12 January 2024 Sringeri Dwarka Peeth request people to disregard false propaganda about Ram Temple Pran Pratishtha India TV News Archived from the original on 12 January 2024 Retrieved 13 January 2024 Goudar Mahesh M 11 January 2024 Sringeri Shankaracharya won t attend Ram Mandir consecration in Ayodhya Here s why The South First Archived from the original on 13 January 2024 Retrieved 13 January 2024 ANI ed 12 January 2024 Sringeri mutt requests people to disregard false propaganda about pran pratishtha at Ram Temple ANI Archived from the original on 13 January 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 Karthik K K ed 20 January 2024 From a stringent Sathvik diet to a serious eye injury Ram Lalla idol sculptor braved all odds The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 4 February 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 ANI ed 15 January 2024 This is not about ego Puri Shankaracharya Swami Nischalanand clarifies decision to skip Ram Mandir inauguration Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 4 February 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 Temple construction incomplete All four shankaracharyas to skip Ayodhya Ram Mandir inauguration ceremony Business Today 12 January 2024 Archived from the original on 4 February 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 ANI ed 22 January 2024 Hindus self respect has awakened under PM Modi Shankaracharya Avimukteshwaranand The Economic Times Archived from the original on 4 February 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 Srivastava Nisha 20 January 2024 Shankaracharya Swami Sadanand Saraswati says Pran Pratishtha ceremony long awaited moment The Daily Guardian Archived from the original on 4 February 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 Mitra Hritika 15 January 2024 None of the Shankaracharyas are angry Sharda Peeth s Swami Sadanand Saraswati on Consecration ceremony The Economic Times Archived from the original on 4 February 2024 Retrieved 4 February 2024 Delhi s Pacific Mall installs 32 foot tall replica of Ayodhya s Ram temple ahead of Diwali India Today 25 October 2020 Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 With replica of Ayodhya s Ram Temple West Delhi s Pacific Mall mall showcases faith The New Indian Express 24 October 2020 Archived from the original on 11 January 2021 Retrieved 9 January 2021 ANI ed 17 December 2023 Uttar Pradesh becomes second largest economy in India The Economic Times Archived from the original on 24 December 2023 Retrieved 5 March 2024 TNN ed 24 January 2024 Ayodhya Ram Temple opening to make UP richer by Rs 4 lakh crore SBI research The Times of India Archived from the original on 15 February 2024 Retrieved 5 March 2024 TOI ed 5 March 2024 Ayodhya s Spiritual Soar Set to surpass Mecca and Vatican as a global pilgrimage hub The Times of India Archived from the original on 28 January 2024 Retrieved 5 March 2024 In the last 12 days following the Pran Pratishtha of the Ram Temple Ayodhya has welcomed 2 4 million visitors The Economic Times 5 February 2024 Archived from the original on 4 April 2024 Retrieved 25 March 2024 Ayodhya s Spiritual Soar Set to surpass Mecca and Vatican as a global pilgrimage hub CNBC TV18 24 January 2024 Archived from the original on 27 January 2024 Retrieved 5 March 2024 Bhattacharya Rica Philip Lijee 17 January 2024 As Ram Mandir opens doors jobs come rushing into Ayodhya The Economic Times Archived from the original on 27 January 2024 Retrieved 5 March 2024 Tiasa Bhowal ed 17 January 2024 Ram Mandir open travel industry pumps in billions to get Ayodhya ready for a billion India Today Archived from the original on 16 March 2024 Retrieved 5 March 2024 a b c Ayodhya Temple On Ram Navami Surya Tilak shines on Ram Lalla Indian Express 18 April 2024 Retrieved 18 April 2024 a b The Science Behind Surya Tilak Ceremony At Ayodhya s Ram Temple NDTV 17 April 2024 Retrieved 18 April 2024 Ayodhya on Rajpath UP s Republic Day tableau showcases replica of Ram temple Zee News 26 January 2021 Archived from the original on 30 January 2021 Retrieved 29 January 2024 Ray Partho Sarothi 21 October 2023 Why the Ayodhya Ram Temple Pandal Cannot be a Centrepiece of Kolkata s Durga Puja Opinion The Wire Archived from the original on 17 January 2024 Retrieved 29 January 2024 In Pictures Ram Mandir Themed Durga Puja Pandal In Kolkata Draws Massive Crowd Outlook India 24 October 2023 Archived from the original on 17 January 2024 Retrieved 18 January 2024 a b Verma Nalin 4 August 2020 Mandir Wahin Banayenge Said L K Advani 30 Years Ago But Will Stay Home on August 5 The Wire Archived from the original on 20 January 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 a b c Hemanth S A 10 November 2019 Slogans we shouted in 85 have come true today Deccan Chronicle Archived from the original on 6 December 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 a b Kundu Swapnajit 5 August 2020 How Mandir Wahin Banega gained prominence Deccan Herald Archived from the original on 20 May 2022 Retrieved 2 February 2021 Khilnani Rohit 7 February 2020 Comedian Vir Das On Cracking Jokes On Demonetisation Ram Temple Issue NDTV in Hindi Archived from the original on 24 February 2024 Retrieved 24 February 2024 a b Sir Ram A look at how some Hindi and English newspapers covered the AyodhyaVerdict Newslaundry 10 November 2019 Archived from the original on 6 February 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 Krishnan Revathi 4 August 2020 ABP News all excited about Ram temple India Today amp NDTV 24x7 focus on J amp K woes ThePrint Archived from the original on 8 February 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 Sharma Sandipan 4 August 2020 Mandir Wahin Banayenge After 30 years BJP s tryst with Hindutva destiny The Federal Archived from the original on 28 January 2022 Retrieved 2 February 2021 Uddhav Wonders For How Long Will People be Fooled With Mandir Wahi Banayenge Slogan News18 PTI 22 November 2018 Archived from the original on 7 February 2021 Retrieved 2 February 2021 External links nbsp Media related to Ram Mandir Ayodhya at Wikimedia Commons Portals nbsp Hinduism nbsp India nbsp Architecture nbsp Religion Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ram Mandir amp oldid 1223016442, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.