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Nestlé

January 26, 2023

"Nestle" redirects here. For other uses, see Nestle (disambiguation).

Nestlé S.A.[a] (/ˈnɛsleɪ, -li, -əl/ NESS-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl,[4] French: [nɛsle], German: [ˈnɛstlə] (listen)) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.[5][6][7][8][9] It ranked No. 64 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2017[10] and No. 33 in the 2016 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list of largest public companies.[11]

Nestlé S.A.
Headquarters in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland
Formerly
List
    • Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866–1867)
    • Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905)
    • Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947)
    • Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–)
TypePublic (Swiss SA/AG)
SIX: NESN
ISINCH0038863350
IndustryFood processing
Founded1866; 157 years ago (1866) (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch)
FounderHenri Nestlé (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch)
HeadquartersVevey, Vaud, Switzerland
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Paul Bulcke[1]
(chairman)
Ulf Mark Schneider[1]
(CEO)
David McDaniel[2]
(CFO)
ProductsBaby food, coffee, dairy products, breakfast cereals, confectionery, bottled water, ice cream, pet foods (list...)
Revenue SFr 87.10 billion (2021)[3]
CHF12.16 billion (2021)[3]
CHF17.20 billion (2021)[3]
Total assets CHF139.14 billion (2021)[3]
Total equity CHF53.73 billion (2021)[3]
Number of employees
276,000 (2021)[3]
SubsidiariesCereal Partners Worldwide (50%)
Websitenestle.com

Nestlé's products include baby food (some including human milk oligosaccharides), medical food, bottled water, breakfast cereals, coffee and tea, confectionery, dairy products, ice cream, frozen food, pet foods, and snacks. Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion CHF (about US$1.1 billion)[12] including Nespresso, Nescafé, Kit Kat, Smarties, Nesquik, Stouffer's, Vittel, and Maggi. Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 189 countries, and employs around 339,000 people.[13] It is one of the main shareholders of L'Oreal, the world's largest cosmetics company.[14]

Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of the "Anglo-Swiss Milk Company", which was established in 1866 by brothers George and Charles Page, and "Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé" founded in 1867 by Henri Nestlé.[15] The company grew significantly during the World War I and again following World War II, expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including Crosse & Blackwell in 1950, Findus in 1963, Libby's in 1971, Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988, Klim in 1998, and Gerber in 2007.

The company has been associated with various controversies, facing criticism and boycotts over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to breastfeeding in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on child labour in cocoa production, and its production and promotion of bottled water.

History

1866–1900: Founding and early years

 
Henri Nestlé (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of condensed milk.

Nestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout Europe and the United States.[16]

Timeline

  • 1866: Charles Page (US consul to Switzerland) and George Page, brothers from Lee County, Illinois established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham, Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at Chippenham, Wiltshire in 1873.[17][18]
  • 1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, Henri Nestlé developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, Daniel Peter began seven years of work perfecting the milk chocolate manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew.
  • 1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership retained his name as Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé.[citation needed]
  • 1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year the Nestlé Company added condensed milk to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals.
  • 1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.[19]
  • 1890: Henri Nestlé dies.

1901–1989: Mergers

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the chocolate industry in Switzerland, together with the Peter, Kohler, and Cailler families.[20] In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of Charles-Amédée Kohler who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis. in 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.[21] Alexandre Cailler (grandson of François-Louis Cailler) had founded a chocolate factory in Broc in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.[22][23] An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the Fulton plant.[24]

In 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits Maggi SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.[25] The First World War created demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and, by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.

 
A 1915 advertisement for "Nestlés Food", an early infant formula
 
Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918

In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in Oregon from the company Geibisch and Joplin for $250,000. One was in Bandon, while the other was in Milwaukie. They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.[26]

 
Aleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s

After the World War I, government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by Édouard Muller till his death in 1948.

Nestlé felt the effects of the Second World War immediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939.[citation needed] Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.[27] Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, Nescafé ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.[27]

 
The logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966[28]

The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with Maggi, a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libby's (1971), and Stouffer's (1973).[29] Diversification came under chairman & CEO Pierre Liotard-Vogt with a shareholding in L'Oreal in 1974 and the acquisition of Alcon Laboratories Inc. in 1977 for $280 million.[29]

In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. Carnation was acquired for US$3 billion in 1984 and brought the evaporated milk brand, as well as Coffee-Mate and Friskies to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded Nestlé Nespresso S.A. The British confectionery company Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired in 1988 for $4.5 billion, which brought brands such as Kit Kat, Rolo, Smarties, and Aero.[30]

1990–2011: Growth internationally

The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996, there have been various acquisitions, including San Pellegrino (1997), D'Onofrio (1997), Spillers Petfoods (1998), and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002 – in June, Nestlé merged its US ice cream business into Dreyer's, and in August, a US$2.6 billion acquisition was announced of Chef America, the creator of Hot Pockets. In the same time-frame, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company Hershey's, one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.[31]

In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.[32] In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.[33] In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US$2.5 billionand also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as Ovaltine, the "Boost" and "Resource" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.[34]

 
The Brazilian president, Lula da Silva, inaugurates a factory in Feira de Santana (Bahia), in February 2007.

In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer Gerber for US$5.5 billion.[35][36][37] In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, Pierre Marcolini.[38]

Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in Alcon to Novartis on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US$39.3 billion offer by Novartis for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.[39] On 1 March 2010, Nestlé concluded the purchase of Kraft Foods's North American frozen pizza business for US$3.7 billion.

Since 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a nutrition, health and wellness company in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop "a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace pharmaceutical drugs from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.[40]

In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US$1.7 billion.[41] On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire Pfizer Inc.'s infant-nutrition, formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US$11.9 billion, topping a joint bid from Danone and Mead Johnson.[42][43][44]

2012–present: Recent developments

In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions. It acquired Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with genetic disorders; CM&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops kiwifruit-based solutions for gastrointestinal conditions as of 2012.[45]

Another recent purchase included the Jenny Craig weight-loss program, for US$600 million. Nestlé sold the Jenny Craig business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[46] In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.[47] In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[48] Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.[49]

In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about $350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as Intel and Bank of America.[50]

In January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from Glendale, California, to Rosslyn, Virginia, outside of Washington, DC.[51]

In March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in Kit Kat, Yorkie and Aero chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.[52] In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.[53]

The company announced a $20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by Third Point Management founder Daniel S. Loeb, Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a $3.5 billion stake,[54] explaining how the firm should change its business structure.[55] Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.[55]

In 2016, Nestlé and PAI Partners establish a joint venture, Froneri, to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.[56]

In July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of infant formula in Spain, containing two human milk oligosaccharides.[57] Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula.

In September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of Blue Bottle Coffee.[58] While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the Financial Times reported "Nestlé is understood to be paying up to $500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle".[59] Blue Bottle expects to increase sales by 70% this year.[60]

In September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.[61]

In January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it is selling its US confectionary business to Ferrara Candy Company, an Italian chocolate and candy maker.[62] The company was sold for a total of an estimated $2.8 billion.[62]

In May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and Starbucks struck a $7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.[63]

Nestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was "delivering results" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.[64][65]

In September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion.[66][67]

In October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with SAP & EnterpriseAlumni, to engage with their over 1 million alumni globally.[68]

In 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.[69]

In 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions are acquired by Froneri.[70] Also during that year, Nestlé announces that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a "tuna salad" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.[71]

On 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and Metropoulos & Co. The sale, expected to conclude in spring, would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.[72][73] In early April 2021, the sale was concluded.[74]

The COVID-19 pandemic did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé is recording its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.[75]

In April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing Bountiful Company, formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for $5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's growth that quarter came from "vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system". The deal acquires various assets from Bountiful, including Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.[76][77][78]

In January 2022, Nestlé will pay cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.[79]

In May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the Brazilian organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.[80]

In May 2022, Nestle was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the 2022 United States infant formula shortage. These relief shipments included products from the Gerber baby food formula brand from the Netherlands and Alfamino baby formula from Switzerland.[81]

Corporate affairs and governance

 
Nestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, Kobe, Japan
 
Nestlé USA headquarters at 1812 N Moore in Arlington, Virginia

Capital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2014.[82]

  Switzerland (35.28%)
  United States (28.53%)
  All others (36.19%)

Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 231 billion Swiss francs, which is more than US$247 billion as of May 2015.[83] Nestlé has a primary listing on the SIX Swiss Exchange and is a constituent of the Swiss Market Index. It has a secondary listing on Euronext.

In 2014, consolidated sales were CHF 91.61 billion and net profit was CHF 14.46 billion. Research and development investment was CHF 1.63 billion.[84]

  • Sales per category in CHF[85][13]
    • 20.3 billion powdered and liquid beverages
    • 16.7 billion milk products and ice cream
    • 13.5 billion prepared dishes and cooking aids
    • 13.1 billion nutrition and health science
    • 11.3 billion pet care
    • 9.6 billion confectionery
    • 6.9 billion water
  • Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown[85][13]
    • 43% from Americas
    • 28% from Europe
    • 29% from Asia, Oceania and Africa

According to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.[86]

Financial data

Financial data in billions of CHF[87]
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Revenue 83.642 92.186 92.158 91.612 88.785 89.469 89.791 91.439 92.568 84.343 87.088
Net income 9.487 10.611 10.015 14.456 9.066 8.531 7.183 10.135 12.609 12.232 17.196
Assets 114.091 126.229 120.442 133.450 123.992 131.901 130.380 137.015 127.940 124.028 139.142
Employees 328,000 339,000 333,000 339,000 335,000 328,000 323,000 308,000 291,000 273,000 276,000

Joint ventures

Joint ventures include:

Board of directors

As of 2017, the board is composed of:[94]

Lobbying

The company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.[95] In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was $1,951,667 each year.[96]

Products

Main article: List of Nestlé brands
 
Samples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012

Nestlé currently has over 2,000 brands[97][98] with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, bottled water, milkshakes and other beverages, breakfast cereals, infant foods, performance and healthcare nutrition, seasonings, soups and sauces, frozen and refrigerated foods, and pet food.[13] In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages.[99]

Food safety

Milk products and baby food

Main article: 2008 Chinese milk scandal

In late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found melamine in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.[100][101] The Dairy Farm milk was made by Nestlé's division in the Chinese coastal city Qingdao.[102] Nestlé affirmed that all its products were safe and were not made from milk adulterated with melamine. On 2 October 2008, the Taiwan Health ministry announced that six types of milk powders produced in China by Nestlé contained low-level traces of melamine, and were "removed from the shelves".[103]

As of 2013, Nestlé has implemented initiatives to prevent contamination and utilizes what it calls a "factory and farmers" model that eliminates the middleman. Farmers bring milk directly to a network of Nestlé-owned collection centers, where a computerized system samples, tests, and tags each batch of milk. To reduce further the risk of contamination at the source, the company provides farmers with continuous training and assistance in cow selection, feed quality, storage, and other areas.[104] In 2014, the company opened the Nestlé Food Safety Institute (NFSI) in Beijing that will help meet China's growing demand for healthy and safe food, one of the top three concerns among Chinese consumers. The NFSI announced it would work closely with authorities to help provide a scientific foundation for food-safety policies and standards, with support to include early management of food-safety issues and collaboration with local universities, research institutes and government agencies on food-safety.[105]

In an incident in 2015, weevils and fungus were found in Cerelac baby food.[106][107][108]

Cookie dough

In June 2009, an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated cookie dough originating in a plant in Danville, Virginia. In the US, it caused sickness in more than 50 people in 30 states, half of whom required hospitalisation. Following the outbreak, Nestlé voluntarily recalled 30,000 cases of the cookie dough. The cause was determined to be contaminated flour obtained from a raw material supplier. When operations resumed, the flour used was heat-treated to kill bacteria.[109]

Maggi noodles

In May 2015, Food Safety Regulators from the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, found that samples of Nestlé India's Maggi noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to monosodium glutamate.[110][111][112] Due to this, on 3 June 2015, the New Delhi Government banned the sale of Maggi in New Delhi stores for 15 days.[113] Some of India's biggest retailers, such as Future Group, Big Bazaar, Easyday, and Nilgiris, had imposed a nationwide ban on Maggi as of 3 June 2015.[114] On the same day, Nestlé India's shares fell 11% due to the incident.[115] On 4 June 2015, the Gujarat FD banned the sale of the noodles for 30 days after 27 out of 39 samples were detected with objectionable levels of metallic lead, among other things.[116] Nestlé's share fell by 3% on that day over concerns related to its safety standards.[117] On 5 June 2015, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) orders banned all nine approved variants of Maggi instant noodles from India, deeming them "unsafe and hazardous" for human consumption,[118] and Nepal indefinitely banned Maggi over concerns about lead levels in the product.[119] Also on 5 June, the Food Standards Agency of the United Kingdom launched an investigation to test levels of lead in Maggi.[120] Maggi noodles have been withdrawn in five African nations – Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and South Sudan – by a supermarket chain after a complaint by the Consumer Federation of Kenya, as a reaction to the ban in India.[121]

As of August 2015, India's government made public that it was seeking damages of nearly $100 million from Nestlé India for "unfair trade practices" following the June ban on Maggi noodles.[122] The 6.4 billion rupee (approximately US$93 million) suit was filed with the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), regarded as the country's top consumer court, but was settled on 13 August 2015.[123] The court ruled that the government ban on the Nestlé product was both "arbitrary" and had violated the "principles of natural justice."[124] Although Nestlé was not ordered to pay the fine sought in the government's suit, the court ruled that the Maggi noodle producers must "send five samples from each batch of Maggi [noodles] for testing to three labs and only if the lead is found to be lower than permitted will they start manufacturing and sale again." Although the tests have yet to take place, Nestlé has already destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi products.[125][needs update]

In India, Maggi products were returned to the shelves in November 2015,[126][127] accompanied by a Nestlé advertising campaign to win back consumer trust, featuring items such as[128] the Maggi anthem by Vir Das and Alien Chutney.[129] Nestlé resumed production of Maggi at all five plants in India on 30 November 2015.[130][131]

In the Philippines, localised versions of Maggi instant noodles were sold until 2011 when the product group was recalled for suspected salmonella contamination.[132][133] The product did not return to market, while Nestle continues to sell seasoning products including the popular Maggi Magic Sarap.[citation needed]

Sponsorships

Music and Entertainment

In 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of Walt Disney's EPCOT Center, including a major refurbishment of The Land pavilion. Kraft Foods withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.[134] In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.[135]

On 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the Beijing Music Festival signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.[136]

Nestlé has partnered the Salzburg Festival in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the Salzburg Festival until 2015.[137]

Together, they have created the "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.[138]

Sports

Nestlé's sponsorship of the Tour de France began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, Nestlé Waters and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.[139]

On 27 January 2012, the International Association of Athletics Federations announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.[140] On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of doping and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including Adidas, also stopped supporting the IAAF.[141]

In 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.[142] In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the Great Britain Lionesses Women's rugby league team for the team's second tour of Australia with its Munchies product.[143]

Nestlé supports the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.[144]

Controversies and criticisms

Baby formula marketing

Main article: Nestlé boycott

Concern about Nestlé's "aggressive marketing" of their breast milk substitutes, particularly in less economically developed countries (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.[145] Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding, despite there being no evidence for this.[citation needed] This led to a boycott which was launched in 1977 in the United States and subsequently spread into Europe.[146][147] The boycott was officially suspended in the US in 1984, after Nestlé agreed to follow an international marketing code endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO),[146][148][149] but was relaunched in 1989.[150] As of 2011, the company is included in the FTSE4Good Index designed to help enable ethical investment.[151][152][153][154]

However, the company allegedly repeated these same marketing practices in developing countries like Pakistan in the 1990s. A Pakistani salesman named Syed Aamir Raza Hussain became a whistle-blower against his former employer Nestlé. In 1999, two years after he left Nestlé, Hussain released a report in association with the non-profit organisation, Baby Milk Action, in which he alleged that Nestlé was encouraging doctors to push its infant formula products over breastfeeding. Nestlé has denied Raza's allegations.[155] This story inspired the acclaimed 2014 Indian film Tigers by the Oscar-winning Bosnian director Danis Tanović.

In May 2011, nineteen Laos-based international NGOs, including Save the Children, Oxfam, CARE International, Plan International, and World Vision launched a boycott of Nestlé with an open letter.[156] Among other unethical practices, they criticised a failure to translate labelling and health information into local languages and accused the company of giving incentives to doctors and nurses to promote the use of infant formula.[157] Nestlé denied the claims and responded by commissioning an audit, carried out by Bureau Veritas, which concluded that "the requirements of the WHO Code and Lao PDR Decree are well embedded throughout the business" but that they were violated by promotional materials "in 4% of the retail outlets visited".[158]

Ernest W. Lefever and the Ethics and Public Policy Center were criticized for accepting a $25,000 contribution from Nestlé while the organization was in the process of developing a report investigating medical care in developing nations which was never published. It was alleged that this contribution affected the release of the report and led to the author of the report submitting an article to Fortune magazine praising the company's position.[159]

Nestlé has been under investigation in China since 2011 over allegations that the company bribed hospital staff to obtain the medical records of patients and push its infant formula to increase sales.[160] This was found to be in violation of a 1995 Chinese regulation that aims to secure the impartiality of medical staff by banning hospitals and academic institutions from promoting instant formula to families.[161] As a consequence, six Nestlé employees were given prison sentences between one and six years.[160]

Slavery and child labour

Main articles: Child labour in cocoa production and Harkin–Engel Protocol

Multiple reports have documented the widespread use of child labour in cocoa production, as well as slavery and child trafficking, throughout West African plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.[162][163][164][165][166] According to the 2010 documentary, The Dark Side of Chocolate, the children working are typically 12 to 15 years old.[167] The Fair Labor Association has criticised Nestlé for not carrying out proper checks.[168]

In 2005, after the cocoa industry had not met the Harkin–Engel Protocol deadline for certifying that the worst forms of child labour (according to the International Labour Organization's Convention 182) had been eliminated from cocoa production, the International Labor Rights Fund filed a lawsuit in 2005 under the Alien Tort Claims Act against Nestlé and others on behalf of three Malian children. The suit alleged the children were trafficked to Ivory Coast, forced into slavery, and experienced frequent beatings on a cocoa plantation.[169][170] In September 2010, the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California determined corporations cannot be held liable for violations of international law and dismissed the suit. The case was appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals.[171][172] The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the decision.[173] In 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear Nestlé's appeal of the Ninth Circuit's decision.[174]

A 2016 study published in Fortune magazine concluded that approximately 2.1 million children in several West African countries "still do the dangerous and physically taxing work of harvesting cocoa", noting that "the average farmer in Ghana in the 2013–14 growing season made just 84¢ per day, and farmers in Ivory Coast a mere 50¢ [...] well below the World Bank's new $1.90 per day standard for extreme poverty". On efforts to reduce the issue, former secretary general of the Alliance of Cocoa Producing Countries, Sona Ebai, commented "Best-case scenario, we're only doing 10% of what's needed."[175]

In 2019, Nestlé announced that they could not guarantee that their chocolate products were free from child slave labour, as they could trace only 49% of their purchasing back to the farm level. The Washington Post noted that the commitment taken in 2001 to eradicate such practices within four years had not been kept, neither at the due deadline of 2005, nor within the revised deadlines of 2008 and 2010, and that the result was not likely to be achieved for 2020 either.[176]

In 2021, Nestlé was named in a class action lawsuit filed by eight former child slaves from Mali who alleged that the company aided and abetted their enslavement on cocoa plantations in Ivory Coast. The suit accused Nestlé (along with Barry Callebaut, Cargill, Mars Incorporated, Olam International, The Hershey Company, and Mondelez International) of knowingly engaging in forced labor, and the plaintiffs sought damages for unjust enrichment, negligent supervision, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.[177][178] The lawsuit was dismissed in June 2021 by the Supreme Court of the United States.[179][why?]

Anti-union activities in Colombia

Nestlé has been involved in extensive union-busting activity in Colombia since it first arrived there. According to a spokesman for Sinaltrainal, the Colombian Foodworkers Union: "Nestlé converts the factories into camps for the public security forces in order to create terror in the community, destroy the unity of the workers, and misinform the members of the union, with the goal of pitting them against the leaders and destroying the movement."[180]

Water

Status of potable water

At the second World Water Forum in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the World Water Council to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a "right" to a "need". Nestlé continues to take control of aquifers and bottle their water for profit.[181] Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, chairman of Nestlé, later changed his statement, saying in a 2013 interview, "I am the first one to say water is a human right." In that same interview, he claimed that it was the "primary responsibility of every government" to provide 30 litres of water a day to citizens.[182]

Plastic bottles

A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the Advertising Standards of Canada after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages claiming, "Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled", "Nestlé Pure Life is a healthy, eco-friendly choice", and, "Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world."[183][184][185] A spokesperson from one of the environmental groups stated: "For Nestlé to claim that its bottled water product is environmentally superior to any other consumer product in the world is not supportable."[183] In their 2008 Corporate Citizenship Report, Nestlé themselves stated that many of their bottles end up in the solid-waste stream, and that most of their bottles are not recycled.[184][186][187] The advertising campaign has been called greenwashing.[184][185][186] Nestlé defended its ads, saying that they will show they have been truthful in their campaign.[183]

Water bottling operations in California, Oregon and Michigan

Considerable controversy has surrounded Nestlé's bottled water brand, Arrowhead, sourced from wells alongside a spring in Millard Canyon situated in a Native American Reservation at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains in California. While corporate officials and representatives of the governing Morongo tribe have asserted that the company, which started its operations in 2000, is providing meaningful jobs in the area and that the spring is sustaining current surface water flows, a number of local citizen groups and environmental action committees have started to question the amount of water drawn in the light of the ongoing drought, and the restrictions that have been placed on residential water use.[188] Additionally, recent[when?] evidence suggests that representatives of the Forest Service failed to follow through on a review process for Nestlé's permit to draw water from the San Bernardino wells, which expired in 1988.[189][190] In San Bernardino Nestlé pays the US Forest Service $524 yearly to pump and bottle about 30 million gallons, even during droughts. Peter Gleick, a co-founder of the Pacific Institute, which researches freshwater issues, remarked "Every gallon of water that is taken out of a natural system for bottled water is a gallon of water that doesn't flow down a stream, that doesn't support a natural ecosystem." He also said, "Our public agencies have dropped the ball".[191]

The former forest supervisor Gene Zimmerman has explained that the review process was rigorous, and that the Forest Service "didn't have the money or the budget or the staff" to follow through on the review of Nestlé's long-expired permit.[192] However, Zimmerman's observations and action have come under scrutiny for a number of reasons. Firstly, along with the natural resource manager for Nestlé, Larry Lawrence, Zimmerman is a board member for and played a vital role in the founding of the nonprofit Southern California Mountains Foundation, of which Nestlé is the most noteworthy and longtime donor.[193] Secondly, the Zimmerman Community Partnership Award – an award inspired by Zimmerman's actions and efforts "to create a public/private partnership for resource development and community engagement" – was presented by the foundation to Nestlé's Arrowhead Water division in 2013.[194] Finally, while Zimmerman retired from his former role in 2005, he currently works as a paid consultant for Nestlé, leading many investigative journalists to question Zimmerman's allegiances prior to his retirement from the Forest Service.[192]

In April 2015, the city of Cascade Locks, Oregon, and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, which is using water for a salmon hatchery, applied with the Oregon Water Resources Department to permanently trade their water rights to Nestlé; an action which does not require a public-interest review. Nestlé approached them in 2008 and they had been considering to trade their well water with Oregon's Oxbow Springs water, a publicly owned water source in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, and to sell the spring water at over 100 million gallons of water per year to Nestlé. The plan has been criticized by legislators and 80,000 citizens.[195] The 250,000-square-foot, $50 million Nestlé bottling plant in Cascade Locks with an unemployment rate of 18.8 percent would have 50 employees and would increase property-tax collections by 67 percent.[196] In May 2016, voters of Hood River County voted 69 percent to 31 percent for the ballot measure to ban large bottling operations in the area, but in Cascade Locks, the one precinct in Hood River County, voters decided against the ballot measure, 58 percent to 42 percent. As a result, the Cascade Locks city council voted 5-to-1 to keep up the fight. Soon after, Governor Kate Brown directed state officials to stop an exchange of water rights that was crucial to the deal, citing fiscal rather than environmental reasons. Nestlé then acknowledged that the exchange "will not be going forward", marking a definite end to the planned bottling operation.[197]

Although a 2005 court settlement gave Nestlé the right to pump 250 gallons per minute (GPM) from a well in unincorporated Osceola Township, Osceola County, Michigan, Nestlé has tried to increase that rate to 400 GPM. Its bottled water is sold under the Ice Mountain Spring label. The local planning commission denied the application to build a booster station to increase the capacity of the pipeline that delivers water to a water truck depot some distance from the town. Local citizens mounted considerable grassroots opposition to the plan, with 55 opponents testifying against the proposal at a meeting attended by almost 500 people in July 2017. The litigation has been costly to the small town, which receives its only compensation from a $200 annual pumping fee. Regarding the 1976 Michigan Safe Drinking Water Act, section 17, a measure precipitated by Nestlé's previous demands, Bill Cobbs, a current Democratic gubernatorial candidate said, "This is wrong -- when this act was written in 1976 it was never intentioned that water would be up for sale."[198][199] The "David vs. Goliath" situation is drawing increasing national attention.[200][201] Nestlé approaches water purely as a commodity. In 1994 Helmut Maucher, Nestlé's CEO commented, "Springs are like petroleum. You can always build a chocolate factory. But springs you have or you don't have." His successor, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, was criticized when, in a 2005 documentary, he similarly promoted and rationalized the commodification of water, saying: "One perspective held by various NGOs—which I would call extreme—is that water should be declared a human right."[191]

In April 2021, and after many water rights complaints and online petitions against Nestlé, California's Water Resources Control Board told the company that it has to stop unauthorized natural spring water diversions in the San Bernardino Forest.[202]

Chocolate price fixing

In Canada, the Competition Bureau raided the offices of Nestlé Canada (along with those of Hershey Canada and Mars Canada) in 2007 to investigate the matter of price fixing of chocolates. It is alleged that executives with Nestlé (the maker of KitKat, Coffee Crisp, and Big Turk) colluded with competitors in Canada to inflate prices.[203]

The Bureau alleged that competitors' executives met in restaurants, coffee shops, and at conventions, and that Nestlé Canada CEO, Robert Leonidas, once handed a competitor an envelope containing his company's pricing information, saying: "I want you to hear it from the top – I take my pricing seriously."[203]

Nestlé and the other companies were subject to class-action lawsuits for price fixing after the raids were made public in 2007. Nestlé settled for $9 million, without admitting liability, subject to court approval in the new year. A massive class-action lawsuit continues in the United States.[203]

Ethiopian debt repayment

In 2002, Nestlé demanded that the nation of Ethiopia repay US$6 million of debt to the company at a time when Ethiopia was suffering a severe famine. Nestlé backed down from its demand after more than 8,500 people complained via e-mail to the company about its treatment of the Ethiopian government. The company agreed to re-invest any money it received from Ethiopia back into the country.[204] In 2003, Nestlé agreed to accept an offer of US$1.5 million, and donated the money to three active charities in Ethiopia: the Red Cross, Caritas, and UNHCR.[205]

Russian-Ukrainian conflict

See also: Do not buy Russian goods!
 
A Nesquik-rashist rabbit at the action against discrimination Ukrainian-speaking people, Kyiv

In August 2015, the Ukrainian TV channel Ukrayina refused to hire a worker of the weekly magazine Krayina, Alla Zheliznyak, as a host of a cooking show because she speaks Ukrainian. The demand to only hire a Russian-speaking host was allegedly set by a sponsor of the show – Nesquik, which is a brand of Nestlé S.A.[206][207] Activists of the Vidsich civil movement held a rally near the office of the company in Kyiv, accusing Nestlé of discriminating against people who speak Ukrainian and supporting the Russification of Ukraine.[208] They also criticised goods sold in Ukraine being manufactured in Russia and threatened a boycott.

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine which began on 24 February, many international, particularly Western companies pulled out of Russia. Unlike most of its Western competitors, Nestlé was slow to announce any disinvestments or scaling back of its operations in Russia, drawing criticism.[209][210] Nestlé employs 7,000 workers in Russia and stated they intend to protect them.[211][212] Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelensky pleaded for a stop of business activities that help finance the Ukraine invasion.[213] Nestlé suspended shipment of non-essential items but continued to produce essential food items in Russia. The company said that "our activities in Russia will focus on providing essential food, such as infant food and medical/hospital nutrition".[214]

Forced labour in Thai fishing industry

At the conclusion of a year-long self-imposed investigation in November 2015, Nestlé disclosed that seafood products sourced in Thailand were produced with forced labour.[215][216] Nestlé is not a major purchaser of seafood in Southeast Asia, but does some business in Thailand – primarily for its Purina cat food. The study found virtually all US and European companies buying seafood from Thailand are exposed to the same risks of abuse in their supply chains.[216] This type of disclosure was a surprise to many in the industry because international companies rarely acknowledge abuses in supply chains.[217]

Nestlé was expected to launch a year-long program in 2016 focused on protecting workers across its supply chain. The company has promised to impose new requirements on all potential suppliers, train boat owners and captains about human rights,[216] and hire auditors to check for compliance with new rules.[218]

Deforestation

In September 2017, an investigation[219] conducted by NGO Mighty Earth found that a large amount of the cocoa used in chocolate produced by Nestlé and other major chocolate companies was grown illegally in national parks and other protected areas in Ivory Coast and Ghana.[220][221][222] The countries are the world's two largest cocoa producers.[223][224]

The report documents how in several national parks and other protected areas, 90% or more of the land mass has been converted to cocoa.[225] Less than four percent of Ivory Coast remains densely forested, and the chocolate companies' laissez-faire approach to sourcing has driven extensive deforestation in Ghana as well.[226] In Ivory Coast, deforestation has pushed chimpanzees into just a few small pockets, and reduced the country's elephant population from several hundred thousand to about 200–400.[227][228][229]

Corporate social responsibility program involvements

Nestlé efforts relating to social responsibility programs include:

  • World Cocoa Foundation: In 2000, Nestlé and other chocolate companies formed the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF). The WCF is an international membership organization representing more than 100 member companies across the cocoa value chain. Its goal is to form a sustainable cocoa economy by prioritizing farmers, promoting agricultural and environmental stewardship, and strengthening development in cocoa-growing communities.[230]
  • Sustainable Agriculture Initiative: In 2002, Nestlé, Unilever, and Danone created the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) Platform, a non-profit organization for sharing knowledge and initiatives for the development and implementation of sustainable agriculture practices involving the different stakeholders of the food chain. The SAI Platform has more than 60 members, which actively share the same view on sustainable agriculture seen as "the efficient production of safe, high-quality agricultural products, in a way that protects and improves the natural environment, the social and economic conditions of farmers, their employees and local communities, and safeguards the health and welfare of all farmed species." The SAI Platform developed (or co-developed) Principles and Practices for sustainable water management at the farm level; recommendations for Sustainability Performance Assessment (SPA); a standardised methodology for the dairy sector to assess green house gas emissions; an Executives Training on Sustainable Sourcing; and many more.[231] One instance of Nestlé's impact on sustainable agricultural practices has been documented in academic literature.[232]
  • Creating Shared Value: Creating Shared Value (CSV) is a business concept intended to encourage businesses to create economic and social value simultaneously by focusing on the social issues that they are capable of addressing. In 2006, Nestlé adopted the CSV approach, focusing on three areas – nutrition, water and rural development – as these are core to their business activities.[231] Nestlé now publishes an annual progress report on its goals.[233][234] Nestlé also established the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.[235][236]
  • Nestlé Cocoa Plan: In October 2009, Nestlé announced "The Cocoa Plan" to get 100 percent of its chocolate portfolio using certified sustainable cocoa. For third-party certification, Nestlé has partnered with UTZ Certified. Many of Nestlé's efforts are focused on the Ivory Coast, where 40 percent of the world's cocoa comes from. The company has developed a higher-yielding, more drought- and disease-resistant cocoa tree; and they have given 3 million of these trees to farmers thus far and plan[when?] to give away 12 million of them in total. They are also training farmers in efficient and sustainable growing techniques, which focuses on better farming practices, including pruning trees, pest control (with an emphasis on integrated pest management) and harvesting, as well as caring for the environment. In addition, they have built 23 new schools so far and plan to build 40 in total by 2015.[237][needs update] Another part of the plan has been to address child labor. Nestlé says that according to US statistics, there are about 800,000 children who work the cocoa supply chain. Nestlé approached the Fair Labor Association to map out strategies to help curb child labor in the cocoa sector, and these efforts – including community education and the building of schools – have become a focus of the Cocoa Plan.[237]
  • Ecolaboration: On 22 June 2009, Nestlé Nespresso and Rainforest Alliance signed a pact called "Ecolaboration". One of the shared goals is to reduce the environmental impacts and increase the social benefits of coffee cultivation in enough tropical regions so that 80 percent of Nespresso's coffee comes from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms by 2013. Certified farms comply with comprehensive standards covering all aspects of sustainable farming, including soil and water conservation, protection of wildlife and forests, and ensuring that farm workers, women and children have all the proper rights and benefits, such as good wages, clean drinking water, access to schools, and health care and security.[238]
  • The Nescafé Plan: In 2010, Nestlé launched the Nescafé Plan, an initiative to increase sustainable coffee production and make sustainable coffee farming more accessible to farmers. The plan aims to increase the company's supply of coffee beans without clearing rainforests, as well as using less water and fewer agrochemicals. According to Nestlé, Nescafé will invest 350 million Swiss francs (about $336 million) over the next ten years to expand the company's agricultural research and training capacity to help benefit many of the 25 million people who make their living growing and trading coffee. The Rainforest Alliance and the other NGOs in the Sustainable Agriculture Network will support Nestlé in meeting the objectives of the plan.[239]
  • Health care and nutrition product development: In September 2010, Nestlé said that it would invest more than $500 million between 2011 and 2020 to develop health and wellness products to help prevent and treat major ailments like diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's. Nestlé created a wholly owned subsidiary, Nestlé Health Science, as well as a research body, the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences.[240]
  • Membership in Fair Labour Association: In 2011, Nestlé started to work with the Fair Labor Association (FLA), a non-profit, multi-stakeholder association that works with major companies to improve working conditions in developing countries, to assess labor conditions and compliance risks throughout Nestlé's supply chain of hazelnuts and cocoa. On 29 February 2012, Nestlé became the first company in the food industry to join the FLA. Building on Nestlé's efforts under the Cocoa Plan, the FLA will send independent experts to Ivory Coast in 2012 and where evidence of child labour is found, the FLA will identify root causes and advise Nestlé how to address them in sustainable and lasting ways.[241] As a Participating Company, Nestlé has committed to ten Principles of Fair Labor and Responsible Sourcing, and to upholding the FLA Workplace Code of Conduct throughout their supply chains, starting with farms.[242]
  • Rural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.[243] It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.[244]
  • Partnership with IFRC: Nestlé has had a long-standing partnership with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) to increase access to safe water and sanitation in rural communities. In recent years, the partnership has brought clean drinking water and sanitation facilities to 100,000 people in Ivory Coast's cocoa communities. Nestlé committed to contributing five million Swiss francs during 2014–2019 to the IFRC.[245]
  • In 2020, Nestlé Waters joined a consortium to boost PET plastic recyclability.[246]

Recognition and awards

  • In May 2006, Nestlé's executive board adapted the existing Nestlé management systems to full conformity with the international standards ISO 14001 (Environmental Management Systems) and OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems) and to certify all Nestlé factories against these standards by 2010.[247] In the meanwhile, many of the Nestlé factories have obtained these certifications.
  • In 2010, Nestlé Purina received the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award for their excellence in the areas of leadership, customer and market focus, strategic planning, process management, measurement, analysis and knowledge management, workforce focus and results.[248]
  • In March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.[249]
  • In May 2011, Nestlé won the 27th World Environment Center (WEC) Gold Medal award for its commitment to environmental sustainability.[250]
  • In September 2011, Nestlé occupied 19th position in the Universum's global ranking of Best Employers Worldwide.[251] According to a survey by Universum Communications, Nestlé was, in 2011, the best employer to work for in Switzerland.[252]
  • The International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) honoured Nestlé in 2010 with the Global Food Industry Award.[253]
  • On 19 April 2012, The Great Place to Work Institute Canada mentioned Nestlé Canada Inc. as one of the '50 Best Large and Multinational Workplaces' in Canada (with more than 1,000 employees working in Canada and/or worldwide).[254]
  • On 21 May 2012, Gartner published their annual Supply Chain Top 25, a list with global supply chain leaders. Nestlé ranks 18th in the list.[255]
  • In 2013, Nestlé retained its number one position in charity Oxfam's sustainability scorecard and improved its ratings on the issues of land, workers, and climate.[256]
  • In 2014, Nestlé received the Henry Spira Corporate Progress Awards for altering its policies and practices to minimize adverse impacts on animals.[257][better source needed]
  • In March 2015, Nestlé ranked second in Oxfam's Behind the Brands scorecard, where the NGO ranks the world's 'Big 10' consumer food and beverage companies on their policies and commitments to improve food security and sustainability. Nestlé assumed the number one ranking for land rights while the company also outperformed its peers on transparency and water.[258]

Books

  • La stratégie Nestlé (Nestlé Strategy), Helmut Maucher, French translation by Monique Thiollet, Maxima Ed., Paris, 1995,[259] ISBN 2840010720

See also

Competitors

References

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January 26, 2023
nestlé, nestle, redirects, here, other, uses, nestle, disambiguation, ness, french, nɛsle, german, ˈnɛstlə, listen, swiss, multinational, food, drink, processing, conglomerate, corporation, headquartered, vevey, vaud, switzerland, largest, publicly, held, food. Nestle redirects here For other uses see Nestle disambiguation Nestle S A a ˈ n ɛ s l eɪ l i el NESS lay lee el 4 French nɛsle German ˈnɛstle listen is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey Vaud Switzerland It is the largest publicly held food company in the world measured by revenue and other metrics since 2014 5 6 7 8 9 It ranked No 64 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2017 10 and No 33 in the 2016 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list of largest public companies 11 Nestle S A Headquarters in Vevey Vaud SwitzerlandFormerlyList Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Company 1866 1867 Farine Lactee Henri Nestle 1867 1905 Nestle and Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Company 1905 1947 Nestle Alimentana SA 1947 TypePublic Swiss SA AG Traded asSIX NESNISINCH0038863350IndustryFood processingFounded1866 157 years ago 1866 for the Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch FounderHenri Nestle for the Farine Lactee Henri Nestle branch HeadquartersVevey Vaud SwitzerlandArea servedWorldwideKey peoplePaul Bulcke 1 chairman Ulf Mark Schneider 1 CEO David McDaniel 2 CFO ProductsBaby food coffee dairy products breakfast cereals confectionery bottled water ice cream pet foods list RevenueSFr 87 10 billion 2021 3 Operating incomeCHF12 16 billion 2021 3 Net incomeCHF17 20 billion 2021 3 Total assetsCHF139 14 billion 2021 3 Total equityCHF53 73 billion 2021 3 Number of employees276 000 2021 3 SubsidiariesCereal Partners Worldwide 50 Websitenestle wbr comNestle s products include baby food some including human milk oligosaccharides medical food bottled water breakfast cereals coffee and tea confectionery dairy products ice cream frozen food pet foods and snacks Twenty nine of Nestle s brands have annual sales of over 1 billion CHF about US 1 1 billion 12 including Nespresso Nescafe Kit Kat Smarties Nesquik Stouffer s Vittel and Maggi Nestle has 447 factories operates in 189 countries and employs around 339 000 people 13 It is one of the main shareholders of L Oreal the world s largest cosmetics company 14 Nestle was formed in 1905 by the merger of the Anglo Swiss Milk Company which was established in 1866 by brothers George and Charles Page and Farine Lactee Henri Nestle founded in 1867 by Henri Nestle 15 The company grew significantly during the World War I and again following World War II expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including Crosse amp Blackwell in 1950 Findus in 1963 Libby s in 1971 Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988 Klim in 1998 and Gerber in 2007 The company has been associated with various controversies facing criticism and boycotts over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to breastfeeding in developing countries where clean water may be scarce its reliance on child labour in cocoa production and its production and promotion of bottled water Contents 1 History 1 1 1866 1900 Founding and early years 1 1 1 Timeline 1 2 1901 1989 Mergers 1 3 1990 2011 Growth internationally 1 4 2012 present Recent developments 2 Corporate affairs and governance 2 1 Financial data 2 2 Joint ventures 2 3 Board of directors 2 4 Lobbying 3 Products 3 1 Food safety 3 1 1 Milk products and baby food 3 1 2 Cookie dough 3 1 3 Maggi noodles 4 Sponsorships 4 1 Music and Entertainment 4 2 Sports 5 Controversies and criticisms 5 1 Baby formula marketing 5 2 Slavery and child labour 5 3 Anti union activities in Colombia 5 4 Water 5 4 1 Status of potable water 5 4 2 Plastic bottles 5 4 3 Water bottling operations in California Oregon and Michigan 5 5 Chocolate price fixing 5 6 Ethiopian debt repayment 5 7 Russian Ukrainian conflict 5 8 Forced labour in Thai fishing industry 5 9 Deforestation 6 Corporate social responsibility program involvements 7 Recognition and awards 8 Books 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory1866 1900 Founding and early years Henri Nestle 1814 1890 a German born Swiss confectioner was the founder of Nestle and one of the main creators of condensed milk Nestle s origin dates back to the 1860s when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestle In the following decades the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout Europe and the United States 16 Timeline 1866 Charles Page US consul to Switzerland and George Page brothers from Lee County Illinois established the Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham Switzerland The company s first British operation was opened at Chippenham Wiltshire in 1873 17 18 1867 In Vevey Switzerland Henri Nestle developed milk based baby food and soon began marketing it The following year Daniel Peter began seven years of work perfecting the milk chocolate manufacturing process Nestle had the solution Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate thus preventing the product from developing mildew 1875 Henri Nestle retired the company under new ownership retained his name as Societe Farine Lactee Henri Nestle citation needed 1877 Anglo Swiss added milk based baby foods to its products in the following year the Nestle Company added condensed milk to its portfolio which made the firms direct rivals 1879 Nestle merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter 19 1890 Henri Nestle dies 1901 1989 Mergers In the late 19th and early 20th century Henri Nestle and his successors participated in the development of the chocolate industry in Switzerland together with the Peter Kohler and Cailler families 20 In 1904 Daniel Peter and Charles Amedee Kohler son of Charles Amedee Kohler who founded a chocolate factory in 1830 became partners and founded the Societe generale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler reunis in 1911 the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler 21 Alexandre Cailler grandson of Francois Louis Cailler had founded a chocolate factory in Broc in 1898 still used by Nestle today which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale In 1929 Peter Cailler Kohler Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestle group 22 23 An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestle also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States at the Fulton plant 24 In 1905 Nestle and Anglo Swiss merged to become the Nestle and Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Company retaining that name until 1947 when the name Nestle Alimentana SA was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits Maggi SA founded 1884 and its holding company Alimentana SA of Kempttal Switzerland The company s current name was adopted in 1977 By the early 1900s the company was operating factories in the United States the United Kingdom Germany and Spain 25 The First World War created demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts and by the end of the war Nestle s production had more than doubled A 1915 advertisement for Nestles Food an early infant formula Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestle and Anglo Swiss Condensed Milk Co issued 1 November 1918 In January 1919 Nestle bought two condensed milk plants in Oregon from the company Geibisch and Joplin for 250 000 One was in Bandon while the other was in Milwaukie They expanded them considerably processing 250 000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant 26 Aleppo Nestle building Tilal street 1920s After the World War I government contracts dried up and consumers switched back to fresh milk However Nestle s management responded quickly streamlining operations and reducing debt The 1920s saw Nestle s first expansion into new products with chocolate manufacture becoming the company s second most important activity Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by Edouard Muller till his death in 1948 Nestle felt the effects of the Second World War immediately Profits dropped from US 20 million in 1938 to US 6 million in 1939 citation needed Factories were established in developing countries particularly in South America 27 Ironically the war helped with the introduction of the company s newest product Nescafe Nestle s Coffee which became a staple drink of the US military Nestle s production and sales rose in the wartime economy 27 The logo that Nestle used from 1938 to 1966 28 The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestle Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired In 1947 Nestle merged with Maggi a manufacturer of seasonings and soups Crosse amp Blackwell followed in 1950 as did Findus 1963 Libby s 1971 and Stouffer s 1973 29 Diversification came under chairman amp CEO Pierre Liotard Vogt with a shareholding in L Oreal in 1974 and the acquisition of Alcon Laboratories Inc in 1977 for 280 million 29 In the 1980s Nestle s improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions Carnation was acquired for US 3 billion in 1984 and brought the evaporated milk brand as well as Coffee Mate and Friskies to Nestle In 1986 the company founded Nestle Nespresso S A The British confectionery company Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired in 1988 for 4 5 billion which brought brands such as Kit Kat Rolo Smarties and Aero 30 1990 2011 Growth internationally The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestle Trade barriers crumbled and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas Since 1996 there have been various acquisitions including San Pellegrino 1997 D Onofrio 1997 Spillers Petfoods 1998 and Ralston Purina 2002 There were two major acquisitions in North America both in 2002 in June Nestle merged its US ice cream business into Dreyer s and in August a US 2 6 billion acquisition was announced of Chef America the creator of Hot Pockets In the same time frame Nestle entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company Hershey s one of its fiercest confectionery competitors but the deal eventually fell through 31 In December 2005 Nestle bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for 240 million 32 In January 2006 it took full ownership of Dreyer s thus becoming the world s largest ice cream maker with a 17 5 market share 33 In July 2007 completing a deal announced the year before Nestle acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US 2 5 billion and also acquiring the milk flavoring product known as Ovaltine the Boost and Resource lines of nutritional supplements and Optifast dieting products 34 The Brazilian president Lula da Silva inaugurates a factory in Feira de Santana Bahia in February 2007 In April 2007 returning to its roots Nestle bought US baby food manufacturer Gerber for US 5 5 billion 35 36 37 In December 2007 Nestle entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker Pierre Marcolini 38 Nestle agreed to sell its controlling stake in Alcon to Novartis on 4 January 2010 The sale was to form part of a broader US 39 3 billion offer by Novartis for full acquisition of the world s largest eye care company 39 On 1 March 2010 Nestle concluded the purchase of Kraft Foods s North American frozen pizza business for US 3 7 billion Since 2010 Nestle has been working to transform itself into a nutrition health and wellness company in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods This effort is being led through the Nestle Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge The institute aims to develop a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace pharmaceutical drugs from pill bottles The Health Science branch has already produced several products such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition diabetes digestive health obesity and other diseases 40 In July 2011 Nestle SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd for about US 1 7 billion 41 On 23 April 2012 Nestle agreed to acquire Pfizer Inc s infant nutrition formerly Wyeth Nutrition unit for US 11 9 billion topping a joint bid from Danone and Mead Johnson 42 43 44 2012 present Recent developments In recent years Nestle Health Science has made several acquisitions It acquired Vitaflo which makes clinical nutritional products for people with genetic disorders CM amp D Pharma Ltd a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease and Prometheus Laboratories a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods a New Zealand based company that develops kiwifruit based solutions for gastrointestinal conditions as of 2012 45 Another recent purchase included the Jenny Craig weight loss program for US 600 million Nestle sold the Jenny Craig business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013 46 In February 2013 Nestle Health Science bought Pamlab which makes medical foods based on L methylfolate targeting depression diabetes and memory loss 47 In February 2014 Nestle sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings Inc 48 Later in November 2014 Nestle announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary Davigel 49 In December 2014 Nestle announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide deepening its investment in a faster growing market for healthcare products That year Nestle spent about 350 million on dermatology research and development The first of the research hubs Nestle Skin Health Investigation Education and Longevity Development SHIELD centres will open mid 2015 in New York followed by Hong Kong and Sao Paulo and later others in North America Asia and Europe The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging GCOA a consortium that includes companies such as Intel and Bank of America 50 In January 2017 Nestle announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from Glendale California to Rosslyn Virginia outside of Washington DC 51 In March 2017 Nestle announced that they will lower the sugar content in Kit Kat Yorkie and Aero chocolate bars by 10 by 2018 52 In July a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK 53 The company announced a 20 8 billion share buyback in June 2017 following the publication of a letter written by Third Point Management founder Daniel S Loeb Nestle s fourth largest stakeholder with a 3 5 billion stake 54 explaining how the firm should change its business structure 55 Consequently the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health care industry 55 In 2016 Nestle and PAI Partners establish a joint venture Froneri to combine the two companies ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries 56 In July 2017 Nestle introduced a new type of infant formula in Spain containing two human milk oligosaccharides 57 Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits but previously were not part of infant formula In September 2017 Nestle S A acquired a majority stake of Blue Bottle Coffee 58 While the deal s financial details were not disclosed the Financial Times reported Nestle is understood to be paying up to 500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle 59 Blue Bottle expects to increase sales by 70 this year 60 In September 2017 Nestle USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth a California based producer of plant based foods for an undisclosed sum 61 In January 2018 Nestle USA announced it is selling its US confectionary business to Ferrara Candy Company an Italian chocolate and candy maker 62 The company was sold for a total of an estimated 2 8 billion 62 In May 2018 it was announced that Nestle and Starbucks struck a 7 15 billion distribution deal which allows Nestle to market sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand s coffee varieties into Nestle s proprietary single serve system expanding the overseas markets for both companies 63 Nestle set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018 However sales grew only 2 4 in 2017 and as of July 2018 the share price declined more than 8 While some suggestions were adopted Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow In a statement Nestle wrote that it was delivering results and listed actions it had taken including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks However activist investors disagreed leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change accusing Nestle of not being as fast aggressive or strategic as it needs to be Activist investors called for Nestle to divide into three units with distinct CEOs regional structures and marketing heads beverage nutrition and grocery spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream frozen foods and confectionery and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board 64 65 In September 2018 Nestle announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for 1 55 billion 66 67 In October 2018 Nestle announced the launch of the Nestle Alumni Network through a strategic partnership with SAP amp EnterpriseAlumni to engage with their over 1 million alumni globally 68 In 2019 the company announced that it would publish Nutri Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label 69 In 2020 Nestle USA s and Nestle Canada s ice cream divisions are acquired by Froneri 70 Also during that year Nestle announces that the company wants to invest in plant based food starting with a tuna salad and meat free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers 71 On 16 February 2021 Nestle announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and Metropoulos amp Co The sale expected to conclude in spring would include the spring water and mountain brands the purified water brand and the delivery service The plan did not include the Perrier S Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands 72 73 In early April 2021 the sale was concluded 74 The COVID 19 pandemic did not affect Nestle negatively Due to lockdowns people bought more packaged foods not only coffee and dairy products but also pet products which increased the company s sales Nestle is recording its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years 75 In April 2021 Nestle agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing Bountiful Company formerly known as The Nature s Bounty Co for 5 75 billion noting as well that much of the company s growth that quarter came from vitamins minerals and supplements that support health and the immune system The deal acquires various assets from Bountiful including Nature s Bounty Solgar Osteo Bi Flex and Puritan s Pride 76 77 78 In January 2022 Nestle will pay cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school 79 In May 2022 it was announced Nestle s Health Science unit had acquired the Brazilian organic natural plant based food maker Puravida 80 In May 2022 Nestle was sending baby formula supplies to the U S from European air bases to ease the 2022 United States infant formula shortage These relief shipments included products from the Gerber baby food formula brand from the Netherlands and Alfamino baby formula from Switzerland 81 Corporate affairs and governance Nestle Japan headquarters in Nestle House building Kobe Japan Nestle USA headquarters at 1812 N Moore in Arlington Virginia Capital ownership of Nestle by country of origin as of 2014 82 Switzerland 35 28 United States 28 53 All others 36 19 Nestle is the biggest food company in the world with a market capitalisation of roughly 231 billion Swiss francs which is more than US 247 billion as of May 2015 83 Nestle has a primary listing on the SIX Swiss Exchange and is a constituent of the Swiss Market Index It has a secondary listing on Euronext In 2014 consolidated sales were CHF 91 61 billion and net profit was CHF 14 46 billion Research and development investment was CHF 1 63 billion 84 Sales per category in CHF 85 13 20 3 billion powdered and liquid beverages 16 7 billion milk products and ice cream 13 5 billion prepared dishes and cooking aids 13 1 billion nutrition and health science 11 3 billion pet care 9 6 billion confectionery 6 9 billion water Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown 85 13 43 from Americas 28 from Europe 29 from Asia Oceania and AfricaAccording to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute Nestle has a reputation score of 74 5 on a scale of 1 to 100 86 Financial data Financial data in billions of CHF 87 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Revenue 83 642 92 186 92 158 91 612 88 785 89 469 89 791 91 439 92 568 84 343 87 088Net income 9 487 10 611 10 015 14 456 9 066 8 531 7 183 10 135 12 609 12 232 17 196Assets 114 091 126 229 120 442 133 450 123 992 131 901 130 380 137 015 127 940 124 028 139 142Employees 328 000 339 000 333 000 339 000 335 000 328 000 323 000 308 000 291 000 273 000 276 000Joint ventures Joint ventures include Cereal Partners Worldwide with General Mills 50 50 88 Beverage Partners Worldwide with The Coca Cola Company 50 50 closed in 2018 89 Froneri with PAI Partners 50 50 Lactalis Nestle Produits Frais with Lactalis 40 60 90 Nestle Colgate Palmolive with Colgate Palmolive 50 50 91 Nestle Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with Indofood 50 50 92 Nestle Snow with Snow Brand Milk Products 50 50 93 Nestle Modelo with Grupo Modelo Dairy Partners America Brasil with Fonterra 51 49 Board of directors As of 2017 the board is composed of 94 Paul Bulcke chairman and former CEO of Nestle Andreas Koopmann former CEO of Bobst Beat Hess former legal director general counsel for ABB Group and Royal Dutch Shell Renato Fassbind former CEO of DKSH and former CFO of Credit Suisse Steven George Hoch founder of Highmount Capital Naina Lal Kidwai former CEO of HSBC Bank India country head for HSBC in India Jean Pierre Roth former chairman of the Swiss National Bank Ann Veneman former United States Secretary of Agriculture and director of UNICEF Henri de Castries former CEO and chairman of AXA Eva Cheng former executive vice president of China and Southeast Asia for Amway Ruth Khasaya Oniang o former member of the Parliament of Kenya current professor at Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Patrick Aebischer former president of Ecole Polytechnique Federale de LausanneLobbying The company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions For example in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications 95 In the US Nestle has a strong influence in Washington D C From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was 1 951 667 each year 96 ProductsMain article List of Nestle brands Samples of Nestle Toll House Cafe items in 2012 Nestle currently has over 2 000 brands 97 98 with a wide range of products across a number of markets including coffee bottled water milkshakes and other beverages breakfast cereals infant foods performance and healthcare nutrition seasonings soups and sauces frozen and refrigerated foods and pet food 13 In 2019 the company entered the plant based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands In 2020 Nestle announced additional plant based products including soy based bratwurst and chorizo like sausages 99 Food safety Milk products and baby food Main article 2008 Chinese milk scandal In late September 2008 the Hong Kong government found melamine in a Chinese made Nestle milk product Six infants died from kidney damage and a further 860 babies were hospitalised 100 101 The Dairy Farm milk was made by Nestle s division in the Chinese coastal city Qingdao 102 Nestle affirmed that all its products were safe and were not made from milk adulterated with melamine On 2 October 2008 the Taiwan Health ministry announced that six types of milk powders produced in China by Nestle contained low level traces of melamine and were removed from the shelves 103 As of 2013 Nestle has implemented initiatives to prevent contamination and utilizes what it calls a factory and farmers model that eliminates the middleman Farmers bring milk directly to a network of Nestle owned collection centers where a computerized system samples tests and tags each batch of milk To reduce further the risk of contamination at the source the company provides farmers with continuous training and assistance in cow selection feed quality storage and other areas 104 In 2014 the company opened the Nestle Food Safety Institute NFSI in Beijing that will help meet China s growing demand for healthy and safe food one of the top three concerns among Chinese consumers The NFSI announced it would work closely with authorities to help provide a scientific foundation for food safety policies and standards with support to include early management of food safety issues and collaboration with local universities research institutes and government agencies on food safety 105 In an incident in 2015 weevils and fungus were found in Cerelac baby food 106 107 108 Cookie dough In June 2009 an outbreak of E coli O157 H7 was linked to Nestle s refrigerated cookie dough originating in a plant in Danville Virginia In the US it caused sickness in more than 50 people in 30 states half of whom required hospitalisation Following the outbreak Nestle voluntarily recalled 30 000 cases of the cookie dough The cause was determined to be contaminated flour obtained from a raw material supplier When operations resumed the flour used was heat treated to kill bacteria 109 Maggi noodles In May 2015 Food Safety Regulators from the state of Uttar Pradesh India found that samples of Nestle India s Maggi noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead in addition to monosodium glutamate 110 111 112 Due to this on 3 June 2015 the New Delhi Government banned the sale of Maggi in New Delhi stores for 15 days 113 Some of India s biggest retailers such as Future Group Big Bazaar Easyday and Nilgiris had imposed a nationwide ban on Maggi as of 3 June 2015 114 On the same day Nestle India s shares fell 11 due to the incident 115 On 4 June 2015 the Gujarat FD banned the sale of the noodles for 30 days after 27 out of 39 samples were detected with objectionable levels of metallic lead among other things 116 Nestle s share fell by 3 on that day over concerns related to its safety standards 117 On 5 June 2015 Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI orders banned all nine approved variants of Maggi instant noodles from India deeming them unsafe and hazardous for human consumption 118 and Nepal indefinitely banned Maggi over concerns about lead levels in the product 119 Also on 5 June the Food Standards Agency of the United Kingdom launched an investigation to test levels of lead in Maggi 120 Maggi noodles have been withdrawn in five African nations Kenya Uganda Tanzania Rwanda and South Sudan by a supermarket chain after a complaint by the Consumer Federation of Kenya as a reaction to the ban in India 121 As of August 2015 India s government made public that it was seeking damages of nearly 100 million from Nestle India for unfair trade practices following the June ban on Maggi noodles 122 The 6 4 billion rupee approximately US 93 million suit was filed with the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission NCDRC regarded as the country s top consumer court but was settled on 13 August 2015 123 The court ruled that the government ban on the Nestle product was both arbitrary and had violated the principles of natural justice 124 Although Nestle was not ordered to pay the fine sought in the government s suit the court ruled that the Maggi noodle producers must send five samples from each batch of Maggi noodles for testing to three labs and only if the lead is found to be lower than permitted will they start manufacturing and sale again Although the tests have yet to take place Nestle has already destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi products 125 needs update In India Maggi products were returned to the shelves in November 2015 126 127 accompanied by a Nestle advertising campaign to win back consumer trust featuring items such as 128 the Maggi anthem by Vir Das and Alien Chutney 129 Nestle resumed production of Maggi at all five plants in India on 30 November 2015 130 131 In the Philippines localised versions of Maggi instant noodles were sold until 2011 when the product group was recalled for suspected salmonella contamination 132 133 The product did not return to market while Nestle continues to sell seasoning products including the popular Maggi Magic Sarap citation needed SponsorshipsMusic and Entertainment In 1993 plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of Walt Disney s EPCOT Center including a major refurbishment of The Land pavilion Kraft Foods withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993 with Nestle taking its place Co financed by Nestle and the Walt Disney World Resort a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993 134 In 2003 Nestle renewed its sponsorship of The Land however it was under agreement that Nestle would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion Between 2004 and 2005 the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment Nestle stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009 135 On 5 August 2010 Nestle and the Beijing Music Festival signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestle s sponsorship of this international music festival Nestle has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000 The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013 136 Nestle has partnered the Salzburg Festival in Austria for 20 years In 2011 Nestle renewed its sponsorship of the Salzburg Festival until 2015 137 Together they have created the Nestle and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers 138 Sports Nestle s sponsorship of the Tour de France began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004 a move which demonstrated the company s interest in the Tour In July 2009 Nestle Waters and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013 The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestle s product portfolio Vittel Powerbar Nesquik or Ricore 139 On 27 January 2012 the International Association of Athletics Federations announced that Nestle will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF s Kids Athletics Programme which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports The five year sponsorship started in January 2012 140 On 11 February 2016 Nestle decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF s Kids Athletics Programmes because of doping and corruption allegations against the IAAF Nestle followed suit after other large sponsors including Adidas also stopped supporting the IAAF 141 In 2014 Nestle Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand 142 In 2002 Nestle announced it was main sponsor for the Great Britain Lionesses Women s rugby league team for the team s second tour of Australia with its Munchies product 143 Nestle supports the Australian Institute of Sport AIS on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall research activities and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain 144 Controversies and criticismsIt has been suggested that this article should be split into a new article titled Controversies of Nestle discuss June 2022 Baby formula marketing Main article Nestle boycott Concern about Nestle s aggressive marketing of their breast milk substitutes particularly in less economically developed countries LEDCs first arose in the 1970s 145 Critics have accused Nestle of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding despite there being no evidence for this citation needed This led to a boycott which was launched in 1977 in the United States and subsequently spread into Europe 146 147 The boycott was officially suspended in the US in 1984 after Nestle agreed to follow an international marketing code endorsed by the World Health Organization WHO 146 148 149 but was relaunched in 1989 150 As of 2011 the company is included in the FTSE4Good Index designed to help enable ethical investment 151 152 153 154 However the company allegedly repeated these same marketing practices in developing countries like Pakistan in the 1990s A Pakistani salesman named Syed Aamir Raza Hussain became a whistle blower against his former employer Nestle In 1999 two years after he left Nestle Hussain released a report in association with the non profit organisation Baby Milk Action in which he alleged that Nestle was encouraging doctors to push its infant formula products over breastfeeding Nestle has denied Raza s allegations 155 This story inspired the acclaimed 2014 Indian film Tigers by the Oscar winning Bosnian director Danis Tanovic In May 2011 nineteen Laos based international NGOs including Save the Children Oxfam CARE International Plan International and World Vision launched a boycott of Nestle with an open letter 156 Among other unethical practices they criticised a failure to translate labelling and health information into local languages and accused the company of giving incentives to doctors and nurses to promote the use of infant formula 157 Nestle denied the claims and responded by commissioning an audit carried out by Bureau Veritas which concluded that the requirements of the WHO Code and Lao PDR Decree are well embedded throughout the business but that they were violated by promotional materials in 4 of the retail outlets visited 158 Ernest W Lefever and the Ethics and Public Policy Center were criticized for accepting a 25 000 contribution from Nestle while the organization was in the process of developing a report investigating medical care in developing nations which was never published It was alleged that this contribution affected the release of the report and led to the author of the report submitting an article to Fortune magazine praising the company s position 159 Nestle has been under investigation in China since 2011 over allegations that the company bribed hospital staff to obtain the medical records of patients and push its infant formula to increase sales 160 This was found to be in violation of a 1995 Chinese regulation that aims to secure the impartiality of medical staff by banning hospitals and academic institutions from promoting instant formula to families 161 As a consequence six Nestle employees were given prison sentences between one and six years 160 Slavery and child labour Main articles Child labour in cocoa production and Harkin Engel Protocol Multiple reports have documented the widespread use of child labour in cocoa production as well as slavery and child trafficking throughout West African plantations on which Nestle and other major chocolate companies rely 162 163 164 165 166 According to the 2010 documentary The Dark Side of Chocolate the children working are typically 12 to 15 years old 167 The Fair Labor Association has criticised Nestle for not carrying out proper checks 168 In 2005 after the cocoa industry had not met the Harkin Engel Protocol deadline for certifying that the worst forms of child labour according to the International Labour Organization s Convention 182 had been eliminated from cocoa production the International Labor Rights Fund filed a lawsuit in 2005 under the Alien Tort Claims Act against Nestle and others on behalf of three Malian children The suit alleged the children were trafficked to Ivory Coast forced into slavery and experienced frequent beatings on a cocoa plantation 169 170 In September 2010 the U S District Court for the Central District of California determined corporations cannot be held liable for violations of international law and dismissed the suit The case was appealed to the U S Court of Appeals 171 172 The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the decision 173 In 2016 the U S Supreme Court declined to hear Nestle s appeal of the Ninth Circuit s decision 174 A 2016 study published in Fortune magazine concluded that approximately 2 1 million children in several West African countries still do the dangerous and physically taxing work of harvesting cocoa noting that the average farmer in Ghana in the 2013 14 growing season made just 84 per day and farmers in Ivory Coast a mere 50 well below the World Bank s new 1 90 per day standard for extreme poverty On efforts to reduce the issue former secretary general of the Alliance of Cocoa Producing Countries Sona Ebai commented Best case scenario we re only doing 10 of what s needed 175 In 2019 Nestle announced that they could not guarantee that their chocolate products were free from child slave labour as they could trace only 49 of their purchasing back to the farm level The Washington Post noted that the commitment taken in 2001 to eradicate such practices within four years had not been kept neither at the due deadline of 2005 nor within the revised deadlines of 2008 and 2010 and that the result was not likely to be achieved for 2020 either 176 In 2021 Nestle was named in a class action lawsuit filed by eight former child slaves from Mali who alleged that the company aided and abetted their enslavement on cocoa plantations in Ivory Coast The suit accused Nestle along with Barry Callebaut Cargill Mars Incorporated Olam International The Hershey Company and Mondelez International of knowingly engaging in forced labor and the plaintiffs sought damages for unjust enrichment negligent supervision and intentional infliction of emotional distress 177 178 The lawsuit was dismissed in June 2021 by the Supreme Court of the United States 179 why Anti union activities in Colombia Nestle has been involved in extensive union busting activity in Colombia since it first arrived there According to a spokesman for Sinaltrainal the Colombian Foodworkers Union Nestle converts the factories into camps for the public security forces in order to create terror in the community destroy the unity of the workers and misinform the members of the union with the goal of pitting them against the leaders and destroying the movement 180 Water Status of potable water At the second World Water Forum in 2000 Nestle and other corporations persuaded the World Water Council to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a right to a need Nestle continues to take control of aquifers and bottle their water for profit 181 Peter Brabeck Letmathe chairman of Nestle later changed his statement saying in a 2013 interview I am the first one to say water is a human right In that same interview he claimed that it was the primary responsibility of every government to provide 30 litres of water a day to citizens 182 Plastic bottles A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestle to the Advertising Standards of Canada after Nestle took out full page advertisements in October 2008 with messages claiming Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled Nestle Pure Life is a healthy eco friendly choice and Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world 183 184 185 A spokesperson from one of the environmental groups stated For Nestle to claim that its bottled water product is environmentally superior to any other consumer product in the world is not supportable 183 In their 2008 Corporate Citizenship Report Nestle themselves stated that many of their bottles end up in the solid waste stream and that most of their bottles are not recycled 184 186 187 The advertising campaign has been called greenwashing 184 185 186 Nestle defended its ads saying that they will show they have been truthful in their campaign 183 Water bottling operations in California Oregon and Michigan Considerable controversy has surrounded Nestle s bottled water brand Arrowhead sourced from wells alongside a spring in Millard Canyon situated in a Native American Reservation at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains in California While corporate officials and representatives of the governing Morongo tribe have asserted that the company which started its operations in 2000 is providing meaningful jobs in the area and that the spring is sustaining current surface water flows a number of local citizen groups and environmental action committees have started to question the amount of water drawn in the light of the ongoing drought and the restrictions that have been placed on residential water use 188 Additionally recent when evidence suggests that representatives of the Forest Service failed to follow through on a review process for Nestle s permit to draw water from the San Bernardino wells which expired in 1988 189 190 In San Bernardino Nestle pays the US Forest Service 524 yearly to pump and bottle about 30 million gallons even during droughts Peter Gleick a co founder of the Pacific Institute which researches freshwater issues remarked Every gallon of water that is taken out of a natural system for bottled water is a gallon of water that doesn t flow down a stream that doesn t support a natural ecosystem He also said Our public agencies have dropped the ball 191 The former forest supervisor Gene Zimmerman has explained that the review process was rigorous and that the Forest Service didn t have the money or the budget or the staff to follow through on the review of Nestle s long expired permit 192 However Zimmerman s observations and action have come under scrutiny for a number of reasons Firstly along with the natural resource manager for Nestle Larry Lawrence Zimmerman is a board member for and played a vital role in the founding of the nonprofit Southern California Mountains Foundation of which Nestle is the most noteworthy and longtime donor 193 Secondly the Zimmerman Community Partnership Award an award inspired by Zimmerman s actions and efforts to create a public private partnership for resource development and community engagement was presented by the foundation to Nestle s Arrowhead Water division in 2013 194 Finally while Zimmerman retired from his former role in 2005 he currently works as a paid consultant for Nestle leading many investigative journalists to question Zimmerman s allegiances prior to his retirement from the Forest Service 192 In April 2015 the city of Cascade Locks Oregon and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife which is using water for a salmon hatchery applied with the Oregon Water Resources Department to permanently trade their water rights to Nestle an action which does not require a public interest review Nestle approached them in 2008 and they had been considering to trade their well water with Oregon s Oxbow Springs water a publicly owned water source in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area and to sell the spring water at over 100 million gallons of water per year to Nestle The plan has been criticized by legislators and 80 000 citizens 195 The 250 000 square foot 50 million Nestle bottling plant in Cascade Locks with an unemployment rate of 18 8 percent would have 50 employees and would increase property tax collections by 67 percent 196 In May 2016 voters of Hood River County voted 69 percent to 31 percent for the ballot measure to ban large bottling operations in the area but in Cascade Locks the one precinct in Hood River County voters decided against the ballot measure 58 percent to 42 percent As a result the Cascade Locks city council voted 5 to 1 to keep up the fight Soon after Governor Kate Brown directed state officials to stop an exchange of water rights that was crucial to the deal citing fiscal rather than environmental reasons Nestle then acknowledged that the exchange will not be going forward marking a definite end to the planned bottling operation 197 Although a 2005 court settlement gave Nestle the right to pump 250 gallons per minute GPM from a well in unincorporated Osceola Township Osceola County Michigan Nestle has tried to increase that rate to 400 GPM Its bottled water is sold under the Ice Mountain Spring label The local planning commission denied the application to build a booster station to increase the capacity of the pipeline that delivers water to a water truck depot some distance from the town Local citizens mounted considerable grassroots opposition to the plan with 55 opponents testifying against the proposal at a meeting attended by almost 500 people in July 2017 The litigation has been costly to the small town which receives its only compensation from a 200 annual pumping fee Regarding the 1976 Michigan Safe Drinking Water Act section 17 a measure precipitated by Nestle s previous demands Bill Cobbs a current Democratic gubernatorial candidate said This is wrong when this act was written in 1976 it was never intentioned that water would be up for sale 198 199 The David vs Goliath situation is drawing increasing national attention 200 201 Nestle approaches water purely as a commodity In 1994 Helmut Maucher Nestle s CEO commented Springs are like petroleum You can always build a chocolate factory But springs you have or you don t have His successor Peter Brabeck Letmathe was criticized when in a 2005 documentary he similarly promoted and rationalized the commodification of water saying One perspective held by various NGOs which I would call extreme is that water should be declared a human right 191 In April 2021 and after many water rights complaints and online petitions against Nestle California s Water Resources Control Board told the company that it has to stop unauthorized natural spring water diversions in the San Bernardino Forest 202 Chocolate price fixing In Canada the Competition Bureau raided the offices of Nestle Canada along with those of Hershey Canada and Mars Canada in 2007 to investigate the matter of price fixing of chocolates It is alleged that executives with Nestle the maker of KitKat Coffee Crisp and Big Turk colluded with competitors in Canada to inflate prices 203 The Bureau alleged that competitors executives met in restaurants coffee shops and at conventions and that Nestle Canada CEO Robert Leonidas once handed a competitor an envelope containing his company s pricing information saying I want you to hear it from the top I take my pricing seriously 203 Nestle and the other companies were subject to class action lawsuits for price fixing after the raids were made public in 2007 Nestle settled for 9 million without admitting liability subject to court approval in the new year A massive class action lawsuit continues in the United States 203 Ethiopian debt repayment In 2002 Nestle demanded that the nation of Ethiopia repay US 6 million of debt to the company at a time when Ethiopia was suffering a severe famine Nestle backed down from its demand after more than 8 500 people complained via e mail to the company about its treatment of the Ethiopian government The company agreed to re invest any money it received from Ethiopia back into the country 204 In 2003 Nestle agreed to accept an offer of US 1 5 million and donated the money to three active charities in Ethiopia the Red Cross Caritas and UNHCR 205 Russian Ukrainian conflict See also Do not buy Russian goods A Nesquik rashist rabbit at the action against discrimination Ukrainian speaking people Kyiv In August 2015 the Ukrainian TV channel Ukrayina refused to hire a worker of the weekly magazine Krayina Alla Zheliznyak as a host of a cooking show because she speaks Ukrainian The demand to only hire a Russian speaking host was allegedly set by a sponsor of the show Nesquik which is a brand of Nestle S A 206 207 Activists of the Vidsich civil movement held a rally near the office of the company in Kyiv accusing Nestle of discriminating against people who speak Ukrainian and supporting the Russification of Ukraine 208 They also criticised goods sold in Ukraine being manufactured in Russia and threatened a boycott Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine which began on 24 February many international particularly Western companies pulled out of Russia Unlike most of its Western competitors Nestle was slow to announce any disinvestments or scaling back of its operations in Russia drawing criticism 209 210 Nestle employs 7 000 workers in Russia and stated they intend to protect them 211 212 Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelensky pleaded for a stop of business activities that help finance the Ukraine invasion 213 Nestle suspended shipment of non essential items but continued to produce essential food items in Russia The company said that our activities in Russia will focus on providing essential food such as infant food and medical hospital nutrition 214 Forced labour in Thai fishing industry At the conclusion of a year long self imposed investigation in November 2015 Nestle disclosed that seafood products sourced in Thailand were produced with forced labour 215 216 Nestle is not a major purchaser of seafood in Southeast Asia but does some business in Thailand primarily for its Purina cat food The study found virtually all US and European companies buying seafood from Thailand are exposed to the same risks of abuse in their supply chains 216 This type of disclosure was a surprise to many in the industry because international companies rarely acknowledge abuses in supply chains 217 Nestle was expected to launch a year long program in 2016 focused on protecting workers across its supply chain The company has promised to impose new requirements on all potential suppliers train boat owners and captains about human rights 216 and hire auditors to check for compliance with new rules 218 Deforestation In September 2017 an investigation 219 conducted by NGO Mighty Earth found that a large amount of the cocoa used in chocolate produced by Nestle and other major chocolate companies was grown illegally in national parks and other protected areas in Ivory Coast and Ghana 220 221 222 The countries are the world s two largest cocoa producers 223 224 The report documents how in several national parks and other protected areas 90 or more of the land mass has been converted to cocoa 225 Less than four percent of Ivory Coast remains densely forested and the chocolate companies laissez faire approach to sourcing has driven extensive deforestation in Ghana as well 226 In Ivory Coast deforestation has pushed chimpanzees into just a few small pockets and reduced the country s elephant population from several hundred thousand to about 200 400 227 228 229 Corporate social responsibility program involvementsThis section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia s inclusion policy September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Nestle efforts relating to social responsibility programs include World Cocoa Foundation In 2000 Nestle and other chocolate companies formed the World Cocoa Foundation WCF The WCF is an international membership organization representing more than 100 member companies across the cocoa value chain Its goal is to form a sustainable cocoa economy by prioritizing farmers promoting agricultural and environmental stewardship and strengthening development in cocoa growing communities 230 Sustainable Agriculture Initiative In 2002 Nestle Unilever and Danone created the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative SAI Platform a non profit organization for sharing knowledge and initiatives for the development and implementation of sustainable agriculture practices involving the different stakeholders of the food chain The SAI Platform has more than 60 members which actively share the same view on sustainable agriculture seen as the efficient production of safe high quality agricultural products in a way that protects and improves the natural environment the social and economic conditions of farmers their employees and local communities and safeguards the health and welfare of all farmed species The SAI Platform developed or co developed Principles and Practices for sustainable water management at the farm level recommendations for Sustainability Performance Assessment SPA a standardised methodology for the dairy sector to assess green house gas emissions an Executives Training on Sustainable Sourcing and many more 231 One instance of Nestle s impact on sustainable agricultural practices has been documented in academic literature 232 Creating Shared Value Creating Shared Value CSV is a business concept intended to encourage businesses to create economic and social value simultaneously by focusing on the social issues that they are capable of addressing In 2006 Nestle adopted the CSV approach focusing on three areas nutrition water and rural development as these are core to their business activities 231 Nestle now publishes an annual progress report on its goals 233 234 Nestle also established the Creating Shared Value Prize which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach These initiatives should take a business oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition water or rural development The winner can win up to CHF 500 000 Nestle was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum the Creating Shared Value Global Forum 235 236 Nestle Cocoa Plan In October 2009 Nestle announced The Cocoa Plan to get 100 percent of its chocolate portfolio using certified sustainable cocoa For third party certification Nestle has partnered with UTZ Certified Many of Nestle s efforts are focused on the Ivory Coast where 40 percent of the world s cocoa comes from The company has developed a higher yielding more drought and disease resistant cocoa tree and they have given 3 million of these trees to farmers thus far and plan when to give away 12 million of them in total They are also training farmers in efficient and sustainable growing techniques which focuses on better farming practices including pruning trees pest control with an emphasis on integrated pest management and harvesting as well as caring for the environment In addition they have built 23 new schools so far and plan to build 40 in total by 2015 237 needs update Another part of the plan has been to address child labor Nestle says that according to US statistics there are about 800 000 children who work the cocoa supply chain Nestle approached the Fair Labor Association to map out strategies to help curb child labor in the cocoa sector and these efforts including community education and the building of schools have become a focus of the Cocoa Plan 237 Ecolaboration On 22 June 2009 Nestle Nespresso and Rainforest Alliance signed a pact called Ecolaboration One of the shared goals is to reduce the environmental impacts and increase the social benefits of coffee cultivation in enough tropical regions so that 80 percent of Nespresso s coffee comes from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms by 2013 Certified farms comply with comprehensive standards covering all aspects of sustainable farming including soil and water conservation protection of wildlife and forests and ensuring that farm workers women and children have all the proper rights and benefits such as good wages clean drinking water access to schools and health care and security 238 The Nescafe Plan In 2010 Nestle launched the Nescafe Plan an initiative to increase sustainable coffee production and make sustainable coffee farming more accessible to farmers The plan aims to increase the company s supply of coffee beans without clearing rainforests as well as using less water and fewer agrochemicals According to Nestle Nescafe will invest 350 million Swiss francs about 336 million over the next ten years to expand the company s agricultural research and training capacity to help benefit many of the 25 million people who make their living growing and trading coffee The Rainforest Alliance and the other NGOs in the Sustainable Agriculture Network will support Nestle in meeting the objectives of the plan 239 Health care and nutrition product development In September 2010 Nestle said that it would invest more than 500 million between 2011 and 2020 to develop health and wellness products to help prevent and treat major ailments like diabetes obesity cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer s Nestle created a wholly owned subsidiary Nestle Health Science as well as a research body the Nestle Institute of Health Sciences 240 Membership in Fair Labour Association In 2011 Nestle started to work with the Fair Labor Association FLA a non profit multi stakeholder association that works with major companies to improve working conditions in developing countries to assess labor conditions and compliance risks throughout Nestle s supply chain of hazelnuts and cocoa On 29 February 2012 Nestle became the first company in the food industry to join the FLA Building on Nestle s efforts under the Cocoa Plan the FLA will send independent experts to Ivory Coast in 2012 and where evidence of child labour is found the FLA will identify root causes and advise Nestle how to address them in sustainable and lasting ways 241 As a Participating Company Nestle has committed to ten Principles of Fair Labor and Responsible Sourcing and to upholding the FLA Workplace Code of Conduct throughout their supply chains starting with farms 242 Rural Development Framework program In 2012 Nestle developed the Rural Development Framework which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities 243 It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure increasing access to safe water address financing and market efficiency gaps and improving labor conditions 244 Partnership with IFRC Nestle has had a long standing partnership with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC to increase access to safe water and sanitation in rural communities In recent years the partnership has brought clean drinking water and sanitation facilities to 100 000 people in Ivory Coast s cocoa communities Nestle committed to contributing five million Swiss francs during 2014 2019 to the IFRC 245 In 2020 Nestle Waters joined a consortium to boost PET plastic recyclability 246 Recognition and awardsThis section contains content that is written like an advertisement Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view September 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message In May 2006 Nestle s executive board adapted the existing Nestle management systems to full conformity with the international standards ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems and OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems and to certify all Nestle factories against these standards by 2010 247 In the meanwhile many of the Nestle factories have obtained these certifications In 2010 Nestle Purina received the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award for their excellence in the areas of leadership customer and market focus strategic planning process management measurement analysis and knowledge management workforce focus and results 248 In March 2011 Nestle became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full 249 In May 2011 Nestle won the 27th World Environment Center WEC Gold Medal award for its commitment to environmental sustainability 250 In September 2011 Nestle occupied 19th position in the Universum s global ranking of Best Employers Worldwide 251 According to a survey by Universum Communications Nestle was in 2011 the best employer to work for in Switzerland 252 The International Union of Food Science and Technology IUFoST honoured Nestle in 2010 with the Global Food Industry Award 253 On 19 April 2012 The Great Place to Work Institute Canada mentioned Nestle Canada Inc as one of the 50 Best Large and Multinational Workplaces in Canada with more than 1 000 employees working in Canada and or worldwide 254 On 21 May 2012 Gartner published their annual Supply Chain Top 25 a list with global supply chain leaders Nestle ranks 18th in the list 255 In 2013 Nestle retained its number one position in charity Oxfam s sustainability scorecard and improved its ratings on the issues of land workers and climate 256 In 2014 Nestle received the Henry Spira Corporate Progress Awards for altering its policies and practices to minimize adverse impacts on animals 257 better source needed In March 2015 Nestle ranked second in Oxfam s Behind the Brands scorecard where the NGO ranks the world s Big 10 consumer food and beverage companies on their policies and commitments to improve food security and sustainability Nestle assumed the number one ranking for land rights while the company also outperformed its peers on transparency and water 258 BooksLa strategie Nestle Nestle Strategy Helmut Maucher French translation by Monique Thiollet Maxima Ed Paris 1995 259 ISBN 2840010720See also Business portalBig Chocolate Cerelac Farfel the Dog Nestle Smarties Book Prize Nestle Tower Ultra processed foodCompetitorsDanone Ferrero SpA Kellogg s Kraft Heinz Mars Incorporated Mondelez International PepsiCo UnileverReferences Not to be confused with Societe des Produits Nestle S A the group s intellectual property holding subsidiary a b Management Nestle Archived from the original on 1 June 2017 Retrieved 29 May 2017 Mr David McDaniel PDF nestle in Retrieved 14 September 2021 a b c d e f Consolidated Financial Statements of the Nestle Group 2021 PDF Nestle 17 February 2022 Retrieved 15 April 2022 1978 Milky Bar commercial published 31 August 2012 1978 retrieved 7 May 2022 Nestle s Brabeck We have a huge advantage over big pharma in creating medical foods Archived 10 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine CNN Money 1 April 2011 Nestle The unrepentant chocolatier Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Economist 29 October 2009 Retrieved 17 May 2012 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2021 The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century Rowntree s The Early History Pen and Sword Books ISBN 9781526778901 In 1904 Daniel Peter and Charles Amedee Kohler became partners and founded the company Societe Generale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Reunis In 1929 Peter Cailler Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S A all merged with the Nestle group Candy and Snack Industry Volume 145 Issues 1 6 Magazines for Industry Incorporated 1980 pp 28 29 The Nestle S A facility in Broc Switzerland is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate In Switzerland Cailler is the leading chocolate brand Charles Amedee Kohler 1790 1874 began producing chocolate in 1830 The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter Daniel Peter 1836 1919 who became the son in law of Francois Louis Cailler assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate Henri Nestle had first become an important manufacturer of milk products Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate It wasn t until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898 The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland s picturesque Gruyere region renowned for its fine milk production Lacey Darlene 2013 Classic Candy America s Favorite Sweets 1950 80 Bloomsbury Publishing p 16 ISBN 9780747813651 In 1899 the people of Fulton New York saw the potential of this milk chocolate industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter s Chocolate manufacturing plant In 1904 Peter s Chocolate and Nestle formed an alliance and Nestle s domestic production began History of Nestle www englishteastore com Retrieved 16 January 2020 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2021 Nestle water bottling operations sold to equity firm for 4 3 billion CTV News 17 February 2021 Retrieved 18 February 2021 Archeological Find Unearthed in Kitchener Retrieved 2 April 2021 The 4 3 billion U S dollar sale of Nestle Waters North America to One Rock Capital Partners LLC was announced in February and the sale closed on Wednesday Coffee dairy help Nestle post strongest quarter in a decade Reuters 22 April 2021 Retrieved 22 April 2021 Kostov Nick 30 April 2021 Nestle Expands in Vitamins With 5 75 Billion Nature s Bounty Deal The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved 30 April 2021 Nestle buys vitamin maker Bountiful s main brands for 5 75 billion CNBC 30 April 2021 Retrieved 30 April 2021 Nestle to Buy Vitamin Brands From KKR for 5 75 Billion Bloomberg com 30 April 2021 Retrieved 30 April 2021 Nestle will pay African cocoa farmers to keep children in schools SWI swissinfo ch Retrieved 28 January 2022 Nestle To Acquire Brazilian Plant Based Firm Puravida ESM Magazine Retrieved 24 May 2022 Nestle Flying in Baby Formula to Ease U S Shortage webmd com Retrieved 4 June 2022 Les fonds americains rachetent la Suisse Mary VAKARIDIS in French 9 December 2015 Retrieved 5 February 2020 Forbes list of world s top companies Archived 3 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 20 May 2015 MarketWatch page on Nestle S A ADS Archived 21 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 20 May 2015 a b Jobs Archived 9 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine Nestle global info The Global RepTrak 100 The World s Most Reputable Companies 2015 PDF Reputation Institute Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 Nestle Bilanz Gewinn und Umsatz Nestle Geschaftsbericht A0Q4DC wallstreet online de Archived from the original on 5 November 2018 Retrieved 5 November 2018 General Mills Joint ventures Archived from the original on 15 December 2014 Retrieved 25 August 2015 Reuters Editorial 6 January 2012 Coke Nestle part ways on tea in U S elsewhere Reuters Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 1 July 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a author has generic name help Nestle plans chilled dairy improvement with Lactalis venture Archived 29 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Dairy Reporter 16 December 2005 Nestle and Colgate Palmolive bite into mouth market Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine BreakingNews ie 11 December 2003 Nestle Indofood create culinary product JV FoodNavigator Asia com 28 February 2005 Archived from the original on 16 November 2012 Retrieved 18 May 2012 Snow Brand times thawing with Nestle joint venture Archived 24 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Food Navigator 24 January 2001 Nestle Board Archived from the original on 20 February 2017 Retrieved 22 February 2017 South Australian Register of Lobbyists Etched Communications PDF 18 December 2017 Archived PDF from the original on 13 April 2018 Doering Christopher 6 December 2021 Where the dollars go Lobbying a big business for large food and beverage CPGs fooddive com Food Dive Retrieved 21 March 2022 Smith Aaron Nestle selling U S candy brands to Nutella company CNNMoney Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 Retrieved 18 June 2018 From Milkmaids to Multinational Markets Nestle s Branding Story www wipo int Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 Retrieved 18 June 2018 Hanna Ziady 17 January 2020 The world s biggest food company is now making vegan sausages CNN Retrieved 19 January 2020 McDonald Scott 22 September 2008 Nearly 53 000 Chinese children sick from milk Associated Press dead link Macartney Jane 22 September 2008 China baby milk scandal spreads as sick toll rises to 13 000 The Times London Retrieved 2 April 2010 China milk scandal claims victim outside mainland USA Today Associated Press 20 September 2008 Archived from the original on 30 December 2014 Retrieved 29 December 2014 Melamine found in Nestle milk powders ABC Local Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 2 October 2008 How Nestle finds clean milk in China Businessweek Archived from the original on 24 June 2013 Retrieved 20 June 2013 Nestle Opens Food Safety Institute in Beijing Food Product Design Archived from the original on 12 May 2019 Retrieved 25 March 2014 Live worms found in Nestle Cerelac baby food in Coimbatore Archived from the original on 17 June 2015 Retrieved 16 June 2015 Fresh trouble for Nestle weevils and fungus found in baby food Cerelac Archived from the original on 18 June 2015 Retrieved 16 June 2015 Live Larvae Allegedly Found in Nestle s Milk Powder in Tamil Nadu More Tests On NDTV Archived from the original on 4 June 2015 Retrieved 4 June 2015 Neuman William 14 January 2010 Sample of Nestle Cookie Dough Has E Coli Bacteria The New York Times Archived from the original on 24 November 2016 Retrieved 11 February 2017 Beware Eating 2 Minute Maggi Noodles can ruin your Nervous System news biharprabha com 18 May 2015 Archived from the original on 21 May 2015 Retrieved 18 May 2015 Maggi Noodles Packets Recalled Across Uttar Pradesh Say Food Inspectors Report NDTV New Delhi India 20 May 2015 Archived from the original on 25 May 2015 Retrieved 20 May 2015 Sushmi Dey 16 May 2015 Maggi under regulatory scanner for lead MSG beyond permissible limit The Times of India New Delhi India Archived from the original on 25 May 2015 Retrieved 20 May 2015 Delhi govt bans sales of Maggi from its stores Report Times of India New Delhi India 3 June 2015 Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 3 June 2015 Future Group bans Maggi too The two minute death of an India s favourite noodle brand FirstPost 3 June 2015 Archived from the original on 4 June 2015 Retrieved 3 June 2015 Nestle India stocks crash over Maggi The Hindu 3 June 2015 Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 3 June 2015 IANS 4 June 2015 Gujarat bans Maggi noodles for 30 days The Times of India The Times Group Archived from the original on 7 June 2015 Retrieved 4 June 2015 Maggi row Nestle shares down 3 per cent The Hindu 4 June 2015 Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 4 June 2015 FSSAI orders recall of all nine variants of Maggi noodles from India FirstPost 5 June 2015 Archived from the original on 7 June 2015 Retrieved 5 June 2015 Nepal bans import sale of Maggi noodles Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 5 June 2015 Retrieved 5 June 2015 UK launches Maggi tests for lead content Economic Times PTI Archived from the original on 8 June 2015 Retrieved 5 June 2015 Maggi noodles withdrawn in East African supermarket BBC BBC Archived from the original on 10 June 2015 Retrieved 9 June 2015 India sues Nestle for nearly 100m over food safety aljazeera com Aljazeera 12 August 2015 Archived from the original on 13 August 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 Thomas Shibu 13 August 2015 Relief for Nestle Bombay HC sets aside food regulator s ban on Maggi The Times of India Archived from the original on 13 August 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 India court lifts government ban on Maggi noodles aljazeera com Aljazeera 13 August 2015 Archived from the original on 14 August 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 India court says Maggi noodle ban legally untenable bbc com BBC News 13 August 2015 Archived from the original on 14 August 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 Bhushan Ratna Malviya Sagar 17 October 2015 Maggi clears all tests Nestle India to restart production within 2 3 weeks The Economic Times Archived from the original on 22 January 2018 Retrieved 21 January 2018 Maggi noodles India ban Celebrations as Nestle returns to shelves News com au 10 November 2015 Archived from the original on 16 November 2015 Retrieved 16 January 2016 Digital Defynd Nestle tries to win back customer trust by evoking a century old relationship Digitaldefynd com Archived from the original on 14 January 2016 Retrieved 16 January 2016 Goswami Shreya 22 April 2016 Try getting this Maggi song by Vir Das and Alien Chutney out of your head India Today Archived from the original on 19 August 2016 Retrieved 5 August 2016 Bhargava Yuthika Maggi noodles is back The Hindu Retrieved 26 February 2017 Nestle resumes Maggi noodles production at all plants in India The Hindu Mobile edition The Hindu M thehindu com 30 November 2015 Retrieved 16 January 2016 Maggi noodles recalled over salmonella scare ABS CBN News 5 May 2011 Retrieved 22 November 2020 Nestle recalls Maggi noodles due to salmonella contamination ABS CBN News 5 May 2011 Retrieved 22 November 2020 Pendleton Jennifer 23 November 1993 Rich deal for Disney Nestle Archived 16 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Variety The Land Archived from the original on 12 February 2017 Retrieved 1 February 2017 Nestle continues sponsorship of the Beijing Music Festival Archived 16 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine China org 6 August 2010 Nestle extends Salzburg Festival partnership until 2015 Archived 8 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine Nestle 5 October 2011 Nestle and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award 2015 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 30 December 2018 Nestle confirms sponsorship renewal of Tour de France FoodBev 16 July 2009 Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 IAAF Nestle becomes main sponsor of worldwide IAAF Kids Athletics Archived 16 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine 27 January 2012 Reinsch Michael 10 February 2016 Leichtathletik Weltverband toxisch Archived 16 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine in German Frankfurter Allgemeine Sport Retrieved 11 February 2016 UK Nestle Waters secures Tour de France tie up for Buxton Natural Mineral Water 19 June 2014 Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 31 August 2015 UK Nestle Rowntree to sponsor Women s Rugby League team Archived from the original on 28 February 2014 Retrieved 24 February 2014 Nestle and AIS Sports Nutrition Australian Government Archived from the original on 17 May 2012 Nestle to respond to baby milk criticism in coming days Reuters 2 February 2018 Archived from the original on 24 August 2019 Retrieved 24 August 2019 a b Moorhead Joanna 15 May 2007 Milking it The Guardian Archived from the original on 28 August 2019 Retrieved 23 August 2019 Han Soul 30 September 2021 International groups boycott Nestle products to end indiscriminate advertising 1977 1984 The Commons Social Change Library Retrieved 10 November 2022 Lerner Sharon 28 January 2015 A History of Breastfeeding Jackson Free Press Archived from the original on 16 September 2015 Nestle boycott being suspended The New York Times 27 January 1984 Archived from the original on 4 February 2016 Retrieved 4 January 2016 Freitag Michael 3 September 1989 THE NATION The Infant Formula Debate Strikes Home The New York Times Archived from the original on 24 August 2019 Retrieved 24 August 2019 Providing Context to the FTSE4Good BMS Verification Process PDF FTSE Russell Archived PDF from the original on 24 August 2019 Retrieved 24 August 2019 Robb Meg Morrison Catey February 2012 Group News PDF East Cleveland United Reformed Church Archived from the original PDF on 17 November 2015 Retrieved 13 November 2015 Makepeace Mark FTSE Letter to Nestle CEO PDF Letter to Paul Bulcke FTSE Group Archived PDF from the original on 17 November 2015 Retrieved 13 November 2015 FTSE4Good Breast Milk Substitutes Marketing Criteria Assessment PwC Verification Report PDF January 2013 Archived PDF from the original on 17 November 2015 Retrieved 13 November 2015 Nathan Archana In Emraan Hashmi s Tigers a fight against a corporation that took 12 years to hit the screens Scroll in Retrieved 25 April 2020 We won t be applying for your prize money Nestle Your marketing of formula milk still jeopardizes the health of infants and children in Laos PDF Baby Milk Action 24 May 2011 Archived PDF from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 5 September 2014 The LAOS NGOs flay Nestle s infant formula strategy IRIN 23 June 2011 Archived from the original on 21 February 2012 Retrieved 26 November 2014 Independent assurance of compliance with the world health organisation WHO international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes 1981 in Laos People s Democratic Republic PDF Nestle Indochina November 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 3 February 2016 Retrieved 25 November 2018 Bernstein Adam 31 July 2009 Ernest W Lefever dies at 89 founder of conservative public policy organization Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on 3 November 2012 Retrieved 3 August 2009 a b 为争 第一口奶 市场 雀巢中国6名员工非法获取公民信息 To capture infant formula market six Nestle China employees gained illegal access to citizen information Caijing com cn Archived from the original on 29 July 2017 Harney Alexandra 8 November 2013 Special Report How Big Formula bought China Reuters Archived from the original on 31 August 2017 Raghavan Sudarsan Chatterjee Sumana 24 June 2001 Slaves feed world s taste for chocolate Captives common in cocoa farms of Africa Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on 17 September 2006 Retrieved 25 April 2012 Combating Child Labour in Cocoa Growing PDF International Labour Organization 2005 Archived PDF from the original on 30 June 2012 Retrieved 26 April 2012 Wolfe David Shazzie 2005 Naked Chocolate The Astonishing Truth about the World s Greatest Food North Atlantic Books p 98 ISBN 1556437315 Retrieved 15 December 2011 Hawksley Humphrey 12 April 2001 Mali s children in chocolate slavery BBC News Archived from the original on 26 December 2008 Retrieved 2 January 2010 Hawksley Humphrey 4 May 2001 Ivory Coast accuses chocolate companies BBC News Archived from the original on 14 January 2009 Retrieved 4 August 2010 Romano U Roberto amp Mistrati Miki Directors 16 March 2010 The Dark Side of Chocolate Television Production Bastard Films Archived from the original on 30 November 2010 Retrieved 28 April 2011 Hawksley Humphrey 29 June 2012 Nestle failing on child labour BBC News Archived from the original on 24 August 2019 Retrieved 24 August 2019 Dworkin Tex 12 February 2007 Delicious idea End child slavery by eating chocolate Houston Chronicle Archived from the original on 9 July 2012 Retrieved 30 April 2012 On Halloween Nestle Claims no Responsiblity sic for Child Labor International Labor Rights Forum 30 October 2006 Archived from the original on 15 January 2013 Retrieved 30 April 2012 Amicus Brief in Doe v Nestle EarthRights International Retrieved 30 April 2012 Wilber Jaramillo Gwendolyn 19 September 2010 Second Circuit Holds that Corporations are not Proper Defendants under the Alien Tort Statute Foley and Hoag LLP Archived from the original on 28 April 2012 Retrieved 30 April 2012 United States Court of Appeals PDF Archived PDF from the original on 14 December 2017 Kendall Brent 11 January 2016 Supreme Court Denies Nestle Cargill ADM Appeal in Slave Labor Case The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 27 December 2016 Retrieved 1 February 2017 O Keefe Brian 1 March 2016 Inside Big Chocolate s Child Labor Problem Fortune Archived from the original on 12 January 2019 Retrieved 7 January 2019 For a decade and a half the big chocolate makers have promised to end child labor in their industry and have spent tens of millions of dollars in the effort But as of the latest estimate 2 1 million West African children still do the dangerous and physically taxing work of harvesting cocoa What will it take to fix the problem Whoriskey Peter Siegel Rachel 5 June 2019 Cocoa s child laborers The Washington Post Retrieved 3 September 2019 Balch Oliver 12 February 2021 Mars Nestle and Hershey to face child slavery lawsuit in US Retrieved 13 February 2021 A Wicked Impunity Commonweal Magazine www commonwealmagazine org Retrieved 25 February 2021 Mangan Dan 17 June 2021 Nestle and Cargill win child slavery case at Supreme Court CNBC Archived from the original on 2 June 2022 Retrieved 14 September 2022 Nestle Global Compact Violator GlobalPolicy org Corporate Watch August 2002 Muir Paul 28 November 2013 The human rights and wrongs of Nestle and water for all The National Abu Dhabi Archived from the original on 29 June 2017 Retrieved 21 April 2015 Confino Jo 4 February 2013 Nestle s Peter Brabeck our attitude towards water needs to change The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 28 February 2016 a b c Nestle bottled water ads misleading environmentalists say CBC News 1 December 2008 Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 4 January 2016 a b c Groups Challenge Nestle s Bottled Water Greenwashing Polaris Institute Archived from the original on 22 October 2014 Retrieved 30 November 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Anderson Scott 1 December 2008 Nestle water ads misleading Canada green groups Reuters Archived from the original on 21 May 2010 Retrieved 30 November 2010 a b Dejong Michael 24 March 2009 Water Water Everywhere The Huffington Post Archived from the original on 7 April 2009 Retrieved 30 November 2010 The Shape of Citizenship 2008 Corporate Citizenship Report Creating Shared Value PDF Nestle Waters North America Report Archived from the original PDF on 13 November 2011 Retrieved 30 April 2022 Little oversight as Nestle taps Morongo reservation water Archived 30 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Desert Sun 12 July 2014 Retrieved 15 July 2015 US Forest Service investigates expired Nestle water permit The Washington Times Associated Press 11 April 2015 Archived from the original on 6 August 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 James Ian 8 March 2015 Bottling water without scrutiny The Desert Sun Archived from the original on 6 September 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 a b Nestle makes billions bottling water it pays nearly nothing for Archived 10 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg Caroline Winter 7 September 2017 Retrieved 9 November 2017 a b Bernish Claire 13 August 2015 Forest Service Official Who Let Nestle Drain California Water Now Works for Them theanitmedia The Anti Media Archived from the original on 16 August 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 California Water Management Nestleusa com Nestle Archived from the original on 30 March 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 Arrowhead Honored at Southern California Mountains Foundation Nestle watersna com Nestle Waters North America 11 April 2013 Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 14 August 2015 Tracy Loew 23 April 2015 Oregon legislators protest Nestle water deal Statesman Journal Retrieved 30 August 2015 Alison Vekshin 26 May 2015 Nestle Bottled Water Plan Draws Fight in Drought Stricken Oregon Bloomberg Archived from the original on 8 February 2016 Retrieved 30 August 2015 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Oregon scraps water rights deal for Nestle s Cascade Locks bottling plant Archived 6 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Oregonian OregonLive Retrieved 5 May 2018 Nestle fails to reverse township permit denial at zoning appeal Archived 6 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine MLive Garrett Ellison 26 July 2017 9 November 2017 Flint water crisis casts shadow on Nestle hearing Archived 14 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine MLive Amy Biolchini 13 July Retrieved 9 November 2017 Appeal to Be Heard on Nestle Pumping Station in November Archived 10 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine U S News amp World Report AP 9 October 2017 Retrieved 9 November 2017 Nestle lawyers playing hardball over township permit denial Archived 15 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine MLive Garrett Ellison 10 May 2017 Retrieved 9 November 2017 Nestle told to stop spring water diversions in San Bernardino Forest Reuters 23 April 2021 Retrieved 26 April 2021 a b c Gray Jeff 5 December 2012 Former Nestle Canada CEO may face chocolate price fixing charge shortly The Globe and Mail Toronto Archived from the original on 16 May 2017 Retrieved 6 September 2017 Denny Charlotte 20 December 2002 Retreat by Nestle on Ethiopia s 6m debt The Guardian London Archived from the original on 26 August 2013 Retrieved 29 April 2011 Nestle receives compensation from Ethiopia Swissinfo 24 October 2003 Archived from the original on 11 July 2018 Na kanal Ahmetova ne vzyali ukrayinomovnu veduchu Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine in Ukrainian depo 14 August 2015 Na ukrainskij kanal ne vzyali vedushuyu potomu chto ona ne govorit po russki Archived 19 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine in Russian Dusya Telekrytyka 13 August 2015 U Kiyevi cholovik u masci krolika z avtomatom protestuvav proti rusifikaciyi teleprostoru Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine in Ukrainian zik 19 August 2015 Nestle CEO accused of aiding the killing of defenseless children and mothers Fortune Retrieved 18 March 2022 Mayer Emma 17 March 2022 Nestle s Russia ties puts company in Twitter users crosshairs Newsweek Retrieved 18 March 2022 Kompaniya Nestle Glavnaya Nestle Mise a jour sur la Russie et l Ukraine Nestle Zelensky blasts Swiss banks Nestle over business as usual with Russia RFI 19 March 2022 Gibson Kate 23 March 2022 As war rages in Ukraine Nestle suspends sales of KitKat and Nesquik in Russia CBS News Retrieved 29 March 2022 Urbina Ian 24 November 2015 Nestle Reports on Abuses in Thailand s Seafood Industry The New York Times Retrieved 22 January 2021 a b c Mendoza Martha 23 November 2015 Nestle confirms labor abuse among its Thai seafood suppliers Associated Press Retrieved 5 November 2022 Reuters Editorial 24 November 2015 Campaigners hope others follow Nestle in admitting and acting on slave labour in its products Reuters Archived from the original on 30 July 2017 Retrieved 1 July 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a author has generic name help Nestle Reports on Abuses in Thailand s Seafood Industry The New York Times 24 November 2015 Archived from the original on 17 December 2016 Retrieved 11 February 2017 Chocolate s Dark Secret Archived 20 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine September 2017 Olam Livelihood Charter 2016 Equipping smallholders to secure their future Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine Olam 2016 Nestle to Sell Cocoa Processing Activities in York and Hamburg to Cargill Inc Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine Nestle press release 30 June 2004 FACTBOX Who s who in the cocoa market Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine Reuters 7 July 2010 Wessel Marius Quist Wessel P M Foluke 2015 Cocoa production in West Africa a review and analysis of recent developments NJAS Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 74 75 1 7 doi 10 1016 j njas 2015 09 001 How Much Rainforest Is in That Chocolate Bar Archived 2 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine World Resources Institute 6 August 2015 Cocoa farming and primate extirpation inside The Ivory Coast s protected areas Archived 9 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine Tropical Conservation Science 8 1 2015 95 113 Analyse qualitative des facteurs de deforestation et de degradation des forets en Cote d Ivoire Qualitative Analysis of Deforestation and Forest Degradation Factors in Cote d Ivoire PDF Report in French United Nations REDD Programme 10 November 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 7 November 2017 Covey R and McGraw W S Monkeys in a West African bushmeat market implications for cercopithecid conservation in eastern Liberia Archived 6 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Tropical Conservation Science 7 1 2014 115 125 Marchesi P Marchesi N Fruth B and Boesch C Census and Distribution of Chimpanzees in Cote d Ivoire Archived 6 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine PRIMATES 36 4 1995 591 607 Poaching contributes to forest elephant declines in Cote d Ivoire new numbers reveal Archived 5 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine WWF 5 September 2011 History amp Mission World Cocoa Foundation Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 a b SAI Platform Who we are Sustainable Agriculture Initiative Platform Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 Matous Petr 2015 Social networks and environmental management at multiple levels soil conservation in Sumatra Ecology and Society 20 3 37 doi 10 5751 ES 07816 200337 Reuters Editorial 22 March 2011 Nestle head emphasizes profiting from doing good Reuters Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 1 July 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a author has generic name help 6 steps to create shared value in your company GreenBiz Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 Global Shared Value Prize on Offer Archived from the original on 9 October 2015 Retrieved 15 September 2015 Entries open for CHF 500k Nestle Creating Shared Value Prize UK Fundraising 9 December 2014 Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 a b What does the Cocoa Plan label on chocolate mean Mother Nature Network Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 The Rainforest Alliance and Nestle Nespresso Announce Advances in Quest for Sustainable Quality Coffee Archived 26 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine Rain Forest Alliance 22 June 2009 Retrieved 18 May 2012 Rainforest Alliance Archived from the original on 12 September 2015 Nestle to Expand Business in Health Care Nutrition Archived 13 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine New York Times Matthew Saltmarsh 27 September 2010 Nestle Joins Fair Labor Association FLA 1 March 2012 Retrieved 18 May 2012 Archived from the original on 7 June 2012 Retrieved 18 May 2012 Nestle Joins Fair Labor Association Archived from the original on 17 November 2015 Retrieved 13 November 2015 Women s Rights Nestle on female cocoa farmers ConfectioneryNews com Archived from the original on 7 September 2015 Retrieved 15 September 2015 How the Global Food Sector Can Solve Our Food Security Crisis Archived from the original on 26 August 2016 Retrieved 1 February 2017 IFRC and Nestle renew partnership to support water and sanitation programmes Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 15 September 2015 Why PepsiCo L Oreal and Nestle are banking on this French plastics recycling startup greenbiz com 7 May 2020 Retrieved 21 January 2020 Nestle Targets Worldwide Registration of All Plants to ISO 14001 OHSAS 18001 Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Quality Digest 24 March 2010 Nestle Purina Receives Malcolm Baldrige Award Archived 23 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine Supermarket News 15 December 2010 Providing Context to the 2012 Nestle FTSE4Good BMS Verification PDF Archived PDF from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 22 September 2015 Nestle receives top environment award The Financial 24 May 2011 Archived from the original on 17 March 2013 Retrieved 18 May 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Top 20 Worlds Best Employers 7 October 2011 Archived 31 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Nestle best employer in Switzerland survey Archived 20 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Local 13 December 2011 Nestle wins global food industry award CSR Europe 24 August 2010 Archived from the original on 15 January 2013 2012 Best Workplaces in Canada over 1000 employees GreatPlaceToWork 19 April 2012 The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 for 2012 Archived 27 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Gartner Group 21 May 2012 Supply Chain Top 25 Archived from the original on 27 May 2012 Retrieved 27 May 2012 2014 Spira Award Winners Wayne Pacelle s Blog A Humane Nation 18 March 2015 Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 Retrieved 5 January 2016 Company Scorecard Behind the Brands Archived from the original on 6 February 2015 Retrieved 5 January 2016 Catalogue collectif Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 Retrieved 10 March 2015 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nestle Official website Documents and clippings about Nestle in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Portals Switzerland Food Companies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nestle amp oldid 1134210673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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