Ultra-processed foods, also referred to as ultra-processed food products (UPP), is a category of food and drink products in the NOVA food classification system, characterized by having undergone specified types of food processing[1]
Epidemiological data suggests that ultra-processed food intake can increase the risk of certain diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer.[2] Some countries have introduced dietary recommendations and other measures to reduce ultra-processed food intake.[3] Some studies consider ultra-processed foods to have higher environmental impacts than fresh foods.[4][5]
The concept of ultra-processed foods is not universally accepted and is currently discussed among nutrition and public health scientists. Key criticisms are the ambiguity of the definition and the inclusion of foods in the category that are considered healthy under the nutrient profile system.[6]
Ultra processed food is a classification in the NOVA food classification system (a name, not an acronym).[7][8] The system was initially developed by the Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro, with his team at the Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health (NUPENS) at the University of São Paulo, Brazil.[9] The system places focus on food processing rather than foods types or nutrients -- which are used in most other food categorization systems. NOVA categorises foods into four categories:[10]
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods
Processed culinary ingredients
Processed foods
Ultra processed food and drink products
Processing as such is essential, and virtually all food is processed in some way.[11] The term ultra-processing refers to the processing of industrial ingredients derived from foods, for example by extruding, moulding, re-shaping, hydrogenation, and hydrolysis. Ultra-processed foods generally also include additives such as preservatives, sweeteners, sensory enhancers, colourants, flavours, and processing aids, but little or no whole food. Infant formula and medical food are also considered ultra-processed. However, food additives are not necessarily a marker of ultra-processed foods as the use of preservatives, for example antioxidant or nitrite, are permitted for category 3.
Ultra-processed foods are an important part of the portfolio of the food industry because they rely on low cost ingredients and often enjoy higher profit margins.[4] They often have an extended shelf life, an important consideration for lower income consumers without reliable access to refrigeration. Among other reasons for the popularity of ultra-processed foods are the inexpensive cost of their main ingredients and aggressive marketing, especially toward youth consumers and particularly in middle income countries.[11][12]
Health effects
Epidemiological data suggests that ultra-processed food intake can increase the risk of certain diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer and an approximately 20% higher risk of earlier death.[2][13] A 2023 review found that high consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.[14]
Environmental impacts
Ultra-processed foods have higher environmental impacts than fresh foods.[15]
Policy
Four Latin American countries—Brazil,[16] Uruguay,[17] Peru,[18] and Ecuador[19]—have so far published national official dietary guidelines that recommend avoiding ultra-processed foods. Chile requires warning labels on some ultra-processed foods and taxes sugar-sweetened beverages.[3] A report on obesity published by the World Bank in 2020 mentions ultra-processed foods as a potential contributor.[20] The Nordic nutrition guidelines do not advice against the intake of ultra-processed foods[21] and a statement by the UK's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN)[22] considers the evidence currently available to be insufficient to make recommendations.
^Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Lawrence M, Costa Louzada M, Pereira Machado P (2019). Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. ISBN978-92-5-131701-3.
^ abPagliai, G.; Dinu, M.; Madarena, M. P.; Bonaccio, M.; Iacoviello, L.; Sofi, F. (2021-02-14). "Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis". British Journal of Nutrition. 125 (3): 308–318. doi:10.1017/S0007114520002688. ISSN 0007-1145. PMC7844609. PMID 32792031.
^ abColchero, M. Arantxa; Paraje, Guillermo; Popkin, Barry M. (2021-12-02). Vadiveloo, Maya K. (ed.). "The impacts on food purchases and tax revenues of a tax based on Chile's nutrient profiling model". PLOS One. 16 (12): e0260693. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260693. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC8638973. PMID 34855853.
^ abScott C (May 2018). "Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets". Global Environmental Politics. 18 (2): 93–113. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00458. ISSN 1526-3800.
^Seferidi, Paraskevi; Scrinis, Gyorgy; Huybrechts, Inge; Woods, Jeremy; Vineis, Paolo; Millett, Christopher (2020-10-01). "The neglected environmental impacts of ultra-processed foods". The Lancet Planetary Health. 4 (10): e437–e438. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30177-7. ISSN 2542-5196. PMID 33038314. S2CID 222280757.
^Lockyer, Stacey; Spiro, Ayela; Berry, Sarah; He, Jibin; Loth, Shefalee; Martinez‐Inchausti, Andrea; Mellor, Duane; Raats, Monique; Sokolović, Milka; Vijaykumar, Santosh; Stanner, Sara (2023). "How do we differentiate not demonise – Is there a role for healthier processed foods in an age of food insecurity? Proceedings of a roundtable event". Nutrition Bulletin. 48 (2): 278–295. doi:10.1111/nbu.12617. ISSN 1471-9827.
^"The NOVA Classification System". NUPENS. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
^"Nova groups for food processing". world.openfoodfacts.org. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
^"Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Public Health, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Public Health".
^Monteiro, C. A.; Cannon, G.; Lawrence, M; Costa Louzada, M. L.; Pereira Machado, P. (2019). Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system(PDF). FAO.
^ abMonteiro CA, Moubarac JC, Cannon G, Ng SW, Popkin B (November 2013). "Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system" (PDF). Obesity Reviews. 14 Suppl 2: 21–8. doi:10.1111/obr.12107. PMID 24102801. S2CID 13735684.
^Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Moubarac JC, Levy RB, Louzada ML, Jaime PC (January 2018). "The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing". Public Health Nutrition. 21 (1): 5–17. doi:10.1017/S1368980017000234. PMID 28322183.
^Delpino FM, Figueiredo LM, Bielemann RM, da Silva BGC, Dos Santos FS, Mintem GC, Flores TR, Arcêncio RA, Nunes BP. (2022). "Ultra-processed food and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies". International Journal of Epidemiology. 51 (4): 1120–1141. doi:10.1093/ije/dyab247. PMID 34904160.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Isaksen IM, Dankel SN (2023). "Ultra-processed food consumption and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Nutrition. 42 (6): 919–928. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.018. PMID 37087831.
^Seferidi, Paraskevi; Scrinis, Gyorgy; Huybrechts, Inge; Woods, Jeremy; Vineis, Paolo; Millett, Christopher (2020-10-01). "The neglected environmental impacts of ultra-processed foods". The Lancet Planetary Health. 4 (10): e437–e438. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30177-7. ISSN 2542-5196. PMID 33038314. S2CID 222280757.
^Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (Report). Brasília: Brazilian Ministry of Health. 2014.
^"Guías Alimentarias para la Población Uruguaya". Montevideo: Ministerio de Salud del Uruguay. 2016.
^Guías Alimentarias para la Población Peruana (Report). Lima: Ministerio de Salud del Perú. 2018.
^Documento Técnico de las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA) del Ecuador. GABA-ECU (Report). Quito: Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador y Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. 2018.
^Shekar M, Popkin B, eds. (2020-02-13). Obesity: Health and Economic Consequences of an Impending Global Challenge. The World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1491-4. hdl:10986/32383. ISBN978-1-4648-1491-4. S2CID 219141840.
^"SACN statement on processed foods and health". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
August 26, 2023
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The neutrality of this article is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Not to be confused with processed food Ultra processed foods also referred to as ultra processed food products UPP is a category of food and drink products in the NOVA food classification system characterized by having undergone specified types of food processing 1 Potato chips and other ultra processed foods in Walmart Wenatchee WashingtonFrozen Pizza Grandiosa in chest freezer SPAR Supermarket in Tjome NorwayEpidemiological data suggests that ultra processed food intake can increase the risk of certain diseases including obesity type 2 diabetes and cancer 2 Some countries have introduced dietary recommendations and other measures to reduce ultra processed food intake 3 Some studies consider ultra processed foods to have higher environmental impacts than fresh foods 4 5 The concept of ultra processed foods is not universally accepted and is currently discussed among nutrition and public health scientists Key criticisms are the ambiguity of the definition and the inclusion of foods in the category that are considered healthy under the nutrient profile system 6 Contents 1 Definition 2 Economics 3 Health effects 4 Environmental impacts 5 Policy 6 See also 7 ReferencesDefinition EditUltra processed food is a classification in the NOVA food classification system a name not an acronym 7 8 The system was initially developed by the Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro with his team at the Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health NUPENS at the University of Sao Paulo Brazil 9 The system places focus on food processing rather than foods types or nutrients which are used in most other food categorization systems NOVA categorises foods into four categories 10 Unprocessed or minimally processed foods Processed culinary ingredients Processed foods Ultra processed food and drink productsProcessing as such is essential and virtually all food is processed in some way 11 The term ultra processing refers to the processing of industrial ingredients derived from foods for example by extruding moulding re shaping hydrogenation and hydrolysis Ultra processed foods generally also include additives such as preservatives sweeteners sensory enhancers colourants flavours and processing aids but little or no whole food Infant formula and medical food are also considered ultra processed However food additives are not necessarily a marker of ultra processed foods as the use of preservatives for example antioxidant or nitrite are permitted for category 3 The definition is currently not used by the European Food Safety Authority or the Food and Drug Administration for regulatory purposes Various ultra processed foodsEconomics EditUltra processed foods are an important part of the portfolio of the food industry because they rely on low cost ingredients and often enjoy higher profit margins 4 They often have an extended shelf life an important consideration for lower income consumers without reliable access to refrigeration Among other reasons for the popularity of ultra processed foods are the inexpensive cost of their main ingredients and aggressive marketing especially toward youth consumers and particularly in middle income countries 11 12 Health effects EditEpidemiological data suggests that ultra processed food intake can increase the risk of certain diseases including obesity type 2 diabetes and cancer and an approximately 20 higher risk of earlier death 2 13 A 2023 review found that high consumption of ultra processed food is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer 14 Environmental impacts EditUltra processed foods have higher environmental impacts than fresh foods 15 Policy EditFour Latin American countries Brazil 16 Uruguay 17 Peru 18 and Ecuador 19 have so far published national official dietary guidelines that recommend avoiding ultra processed foods Chile requires warning labels on some ultra processed foods and taxes sugar sweetened beverages 3 A report on obesity published by the World Bank in 2020 mentions ultra processed foods as a potential contributor 20 The Nordic nutrition guidelines do not advice against the intake of ultra processed foods 21 and a statement by the UK s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition SACN 22 considers the evidence currently available to be insufficient to make recommendations See also EditConsumer Goods Forum Food marketing Food politics Epidemiology of obesity Junk foodReferences Edit Monteiro CA Cannon G Lawrence M Costa Louzada M Pereira Machado P 2019 Ultra processed foods diet quality and health using the NOVA classification system Rome Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations ISBN 978 92 5 131701 3 a b Pagliai G Dinu M Madarena M P Bonaccio M Iacoviello L Sofi F 2021 02 14 Consumption of ultra processed foods and health status a systematic review and meta analysis British Journal of Nutrition 125 3 308 318 doi 10 1017 S0007114520002688 ISSN 0007 1145 PMC 7844609 PMID 32792031 a b Colchero M Arantxa Paraje Guillermo Popkin Barry M 2021 12 02 Vadiveloo Maya K ed The impacts on food purchases and tax revenues of a tax based on Chile s nutrient profiling model PLOS One 16 12 e0260693 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0260693 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 8638973 PMID 34855853 a b Scott C May 2018 Sustainably Sourced Junk Food Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets Global Environmental Politics 18 2 93 113 doi 10 1162 glep a 00458 ISSN 1526 3800 Seferidi Paraskevi Scrinis Gyorgy Huybrechts Inge Woods Jeremy Vineis Paolo Millett Christopher 2020 10 01 The neglected environmental impacts of ultra processed foods The Lancet Planetary Health 4 10 e437 e438 doi 10 1016 S2542 5196 20 30177 7 ISSN 2542 5196 PMID 33038314 S2CID 222280757 Lockyer Stacey Spiro Ayela Berry Sarah He Jibin Loth Shefalee Martinez Inchausti Andrea Mellor Duane Raats Monique Sokolovic Milka Vijaykumar Santosh Stanner Sara 2023 How do we differentiate not demonise Is there a role for healthier processed foods in an age of food insecurity Proceedings of a roundtable event Nutrition Bulletin 48 2 278 295 doi 10 1111 nbu 12617 ISSN 1471 9827 The NOVA Classification System NUPENS Retrieved 17 October 2022 Nova groups for food processing world openfoodfacts org Retrieved 17 October 2022 Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Public Health University of Sao Paulo Faculty of Public Health Monteiro C A Cannon G Lawrence M Costa Louzada M L Pereira Machado P 2019 Ultra processed foods diet quality and health using the NOVA classification system PDF FAO a b Monteiro CA Moubarac JC Cannon G Ng SW Popkin B November 2013 Ultra processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system PDF Obesity Reviews 14 Suppl 2 21 8 doi 10 1111 obr 12107 PMID 24102801 S2CID 13735684 Monteiro CA Cannon G Moubarac JC Levy RB Louzada ML Jaime PC January 2018 The UN Decade of Nutrition the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra processing Public Health Nutrition 21 1 5 17 doi 10 1017 S1368980017000234 PMID 28322183 Delpino FM Figueiredo LM Bielemann RM da Silva BGC Dos Santos FS Mintem GC Flores TR Arcencio RA Nunes BP 2022 Ultra processed food and risk of type 2 diabetes a systematic review and meta analysis of longitudinal studies International Journal of Epidemiology 51 4 1120 1141 doi 10 1093 ije dyab247 PMID 34904160 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Isaksen IM Dankel SN 2023 Ultra processed food consumption and cancer risk A systematic review and meta analysis Clinical Nutrition 42 6 919 928 doi 10 1016 j clnu 2023 03 018 PMID 37087831 Seferidi Paraskevi Scrinis Gyorgy Huybrechts Inge Woods Jeremy Vineis Paolo Millett Christopher 2020 10 01 The neglected environmental impacts of ultra processed foods The Lancet Planetary Health 4 10 e437 e438 doi 10 1016 S2542 5196 20 30177 7 ISSN 2542 5196 PMID 33038314 S2CID 222280757 Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population Report Brasilia Brazilian Ministry of Health 2014 Guias Alimentarias para la Poblacion Uruguaya Montevideo Ministerio de Salud del Uruguay 2016 Guias Alimentarias para la Poblacion Peruana Report Lima Ministerio de Salud del Peru 2018 Documento Tecnico de las Guias Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos GABA del Ecuador GABA ECU Report Quito Ministerio de Salud Publica del Ecuador y Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentacion y la Agricultura 2018 Shekar M Popkin B eds 2020 02 13 Obesity Health and Economic Consequences of an Impending Global Challenge The World Bank doi 10 1596 978 1 4648 1491 4 hdl 10986 32383 ISBN 978 1 4648 1491 4 S2CID 219141840 Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 www norden org 2023 06 20 Retrieved 2023 08 19 SACN statement on processed foods and health GOV UK Retrieved 2023 08 19 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ultra processed food amp oldid 1171164627, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
