2015 Argentine general election

General elections were held in Argentina on 25 October 2015 to elect the President and National Congress, and followed primary elections which were held on 9 August 2015. A second round of voting between the two leading candidates took place on 22 November, after surprisingly close results forced a runoff.^[1] On the first runoff voting ever held for an Argentine Presidential Election, Buenos Aires Mayor Mauricio Macri narrowly defeated Front for Victory candidate and Buenos Aires Province Governor Daniel Scioli with 51.34% of votes.^[2] Macri's vote count of nearly 13 million votes made it the highest number of votes any candidate has ever received in Argentinian history, until Javier Milei obtained over 14 million votes in the second round of the 2023 presidential election. He took office on 10 December, making him the first freely elected president in almost a century who was not either a Radical or a Peronist.

2015 Argentine general election

Presidential election
← 2011 25 October 2015 (first round) 22 November 2015 (second round) 2019 →
Registered	32,130,853 (first round) 32,108,509 (second round)
Turnout	81.07% (first round) 80.77% (second round)
Nominee Mauricio Macri Daniel Scioli Party PRO PJ Alliance Cambiemos FPV Running mate Gabriela Michetti Carlos Zannini Popular vote 12,988,349 12,309,575 Percentage 51.34% 48.66%
First round results by province and department Second round results by province and department
President before election Cristina Fernández de Kirchner FPV–PJ Elected President Mauricio Macri Cambiemos–PRO
Chamber of Deputies
← 2013 25 October 2015 2017 →
130 of the 257 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
Turnout	81.06%
Party % Seats FPV-PJ 37.39 60 Cambiemos 35.11 47 United for a New Alternative 17.56 17 FIT – Unidad 4.19 1 Progresistas 3.43 2 CF 1.17 2 ChuSoTo 0.37 1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Senate
← 2013 25 October 2015 2017 →
24 of the 72 seats in the Senate
Turnout	79.83%
Party % Seats Cambiemos 38.81 9 FPV-PJ 32.72 13 United for a New Alternative 16.86 1 ChuSoTo 1.20 1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Chamber of Deputies results by province

Macri performed better among higher-income provinces in the central area of the country, while Scioli performed strongly in poorer provinces in the northwest, the northeast and Patagonia.^[3]

Background

President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was re-elected in 2011. As the Constitution of Argentina does not allow more than two consecutive terms, several politicians from the Front for Victory (FPV) speculated about a constitutional amendment to allow unlimited re-elections.^[4] This idea^[5] was heavily resisted by the opposition parties, and the FPV could not reach the required two-thirds majority in Congress. The mid-term elections in 2013 ended the FPV's hope for a constitutional amendment after they failed to win the necessary supermajority.^[6]

Electoral system

The election of the president was carried out using the ballotage system, a modified version of the two-round system in which a candidate can win the presidency in the first round either by receiving 45% of the vote, or by receiving 40% of the vote and finishing at least 10 percentage points ahead of the second-place candidate.^[7] Voting is compulsory for citizens between 18 and 70 years old.^[8] Suffrage was also extended to 16- and 17-year-olds, though without compulsory voting.^[9]

There are a total of 257 seats of the Chamber of Deputies, elected from 24 electoral districts–the 23 provinces, plus the federal district of Buenos Aires, which its own executive and legislature and is represented in the national Congress like all other provinces.^[10] The number of seats are distributed in relation to the population of the province. In order to be in concordance with the "one-third female" law enforces that one-third of the overall seats in the Chamber of Deputies are female. The 130 seats of the Chamber of Deputies up for election were elected from 24 multi-member constituencies based on the 23 provinces and Buenos Aires. Seats were allocated using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of 3%.^[8]

The 24 seats in the Senate up for election were elected in three-seat constituencies using the closed list system. Each district is represented by three senatorial seats. Each party is allowed to register up to two candidates; one of those registered must be female. The party receiving the most votes wins two seats, and the second-placed party won one.^[11] The third senatorial seat was established in the Constitution of 1994 in order to better represent the largest minority in each district.

Parties and coalitions provided their own ballot papers, which voters placed in sealed envelopes. However, voters were able to cut ballot papers up and place different sections from different parties inside the envelope if they wanted to vote for different candidates or lists for different posts. Being under a Federal system, it is possible for different provinces to use different systems. In Buenos Aires and Salta electronic voting machines were used to print out a single unified ballot, with voters able to select different candidates and parties on a touch screen. Other municipalities such as Bariloche opted for a non-electronic single unified ballot.^[12] Opposition candidates, including Sergio Massa, Mauricio Macri and Margarita Stolbizer called for the nationwide implementation of a unified ballot and/or electronic voting, though Massa in particular was more cautious, saying it was more realistic for such a system to be implemented by 2017.^[13] The authority in charge of regulating elections rejected changing the system within 2015 since they claimed it would be too short term to implement the changes and explain to the public how the new system works.^[14]

Candidates

General election

These candidates received at least 1.5% of valid votes and passed to the general election.

Cambiemos

Mauricio Macri, from the Republican Proposal, was the mayor of Buenos Aires city. Many smaller parties had created a coalition the previous year, the Broad Front UNEN. Elisa Carrió of the Civic Coalition left it to join Macri.^[15] An internal congress of the Radical Civic Union decided to do so as well, and proposing Ernesto Sanz as their precandidate.^[16] UNEN was thus disbanded, and the three candidates ran for the coalition Cambiemos. Margarita Stolbizer refused to join the coalition with Macri, and ran in a separate party instead.^[17]

Cambiemos
Mauricio Macri	Gabriela Michetti
for President	for Vice President
5th Chief of Government of Buenos Aires (2007–2015)	National Senator for Buenos Aires City (2013–2016)
Parties in the coalition:^[18] Radical Civic Union Democratic Progressive Party Conservative People's Party Civic Coalition ARI Republican Proposal Faith Party Dialogue Party

Front for Victory

Initially, the FPV had several pre-candidates to the presidency, but only Daniel Scioli and Florencio Randazzo had a good reception in the opinion polls. Scioli was resisted by factions of the party that did not consider him truly loyal to Kirchner. All the minor candidates resigned when Kirchner asked them to do so.^[19] Randazzo resigned as well some weeks before the primary elections, leaving Scioli as the sole precandidate of the FPV.^[20] Randazzo did not accept to run for governor of the Buenos Aires province, which had primary elections between minister Aníbal Fernández and Julián Domínguez.^[21] Fernández won the local primary elections.

Front for Victory
Daniel Scioli	Carlos Zannini
for President	for Vice President
Governor of Buenos Aires (2007–2015)	Legal and Technical Secretary of the Presidency (2003–2015)
Parties in the coalition:^[18] Justicialist Party Intransigent Party Federal Party Communist Party Humanist Party Broad Front Party Victory Party Solidary Party Kolina Encounter for Democracy and Equality FORJA Concertation Party HACER Front for Social Progress Party for Popular Sovereignty

Other candidates

in alphabetical order

Workers' Left Front		United for a New Alternative		Federal Commitment		Progresistas
Nicolás del Caño	Myriam Bregman	Sergio Massa	Gustavo Sáenz	Adolfo Rodríguez Saá	Liliana Negre de Alonso	Margarita Stolbizer	Miguel Ángel Olaviaga
for President	for Vice President	for President	for Vice President	for President	for Vice President	for President	for Vice President
National Deputy for Mendoza (2013–2015)	National Deputy for Buenos Aires (2015–2016)	National Deputy for Buenos Aires (2013–2017)	Mayor of Salta (2015–2019)	National Senator for San Luis (2005–present)	National Senator for San Luis (2001–2017)	National Deputy for Buenos Aires (1997–2005, 2009–2017)	Union leader of Asociación Mutual Mercantil Argentina
Parties in the coalition:^[18] Socialist Left Workers' Party Socialist Workers' Party		Parties in the coalition:^[18] Integration and Development Movement Christian Democratic Party Popular Union UNIR Constitutional Nationalist Party Light Blue and White Union Third Position Party Federal Renewal Party Commitment and Effort for Triumph Workers' White Party Jujuy Wins New People Salta Identity Party Production and Labour Civic Encounter Union for Liberty Authentic Renewal Front		Parties in the coalition:^[18] Movimiento Independiente Justicia y Dignidad Es Posible		Parties in the coalition:^[18] Authentic Socialist Party Freemen of the South Movement Socialist Party Generation for a National Encounter Social Pole Movement

Primary elections

These candidates didn't receive at least of the 1.5% of valid votes to pass to the general election.

Popular Front		Movement for Socialism		MST-Nueva Izquierda		People's Party		Neighbourhood Action Movement
Víctor De Gennaro	Evangelina Codoni	Manuela Castañeira	Jorge Ayala	Alejandro Bodart	Vilma Ripoll	Mauricio Yattah	María Moretta	Raúl Albarracín	Gastón Dib
for President	for Vice President	for President	for Vice President	for President	for Vice President	for President	for Vice President	for President	for Vice President
Parties in the coalition:^[18] Popular Unity Revolutionary Communist Party		Does not appear —		Parties in the coalition:^[18] Workers' Socialist Movement Nueva Izquierda		Does not appear —		Does not appear —

Campaign and controversies

 

Opinion polls during the first round had underestimated the number of voters intending to vote for Macri, while later polls underestimated Scioli.

With Kirchner unable to run, three candidates led the opinion polls; Daniel Scioli, Sergio Massa and Mauricio Macri.^[22] Several controversies took place during the time of the elections, or related to the elections themselves.

The primary elections and some local elections had scandals of Electoral fraud. There was a frequent theft of ballot papers from the polling places. State-owned Correo Argentino collects the results of each school and sends them to a centralized location for their global count; there have been reports of inconsistencies between the results signed in the schools and those informed by Correo Argentino. Tucumán even had a case of people burning ballot boxes, which led to several demonstrations at Plaza Independencia. There was policial repression on those demonstrations, leading to further scandals.

Journalist Jorge Lanata aired an interview with a prisoner sentenced for the 2008 Triple crime, who claimed that Aníbal Fernández was the mastermind of that crime. This increased the tensions between Fernández and Domínguez, as Fernández considered that Domínguez helped Lanata somehow. Scioli stayed away from both precandidates to governor in the last week before the primary elections, which were won by Fernández.^[23]

Ariel Velázquez, a sympathizer of the Radical Civic Union, was shot in his house in Jujuy, after taking part in the political campaign. He died two weeks later, and the Tupac Amaru organization (led by Kirchnerite Milagro Sala) was blamed for it. President Cristina Kirchner claimed that he was not a Radical, which was refuted by his family.^[23]

Several cities in the Buenos Aires Province suffered big floods during the primary elections, and the following week. The flood affected 10,000 people. Daniel Scioli had left to Italy at that moment, and made a rushed return. Mauricio Macri considered it a result of poor urban planning under Scioli's provincial government, and compared it with the lack of flooding in Buenos Aires during the same storm, which had undergone flood prevention works under his leadership. Scioli accused users of social networks to plot to damage his public image, and claimed that he has all of them identified.^[23]

Vote buying is also a common tool utilized in Argentine elections. As for this election, the director for the Center for Research and Social Action, Rodrigo Zarazaga stated, “Vote buying strategies will probably sway 5 to 12 percent of Argentine voters on Sunday.” An example of vote buying during this election took place in Buenos Aires. Voters in this area were given the option to vote for particular candidates during the municipal elections in Tucumán. The Argentine citizens that actually promised had received “sacks stuffed with bottles of cooking oil, pasta and flour.”^[24]

Results

Primary elections

See also: Primary elections in Argentina

Open primary elections for the Presidency were held nationwide on 9 August 2015. With this system, all parties run primary elections on a single ballot. All parties must take part in it, both the parties with internal factions and parties with a single candidate list. Citizens may vote for any candidate of any party, but may only cast a single vote. The most voted candidate of parties gaining 1.5% or higher of the valid votes advances to the general election.

Scioli led the field with 38.41% of the vote, nearly 8 percentage points ahead of Macri; both figures would have placed him close to the threshold for avoiding a ballotage. Sergio Massa finished third. Both Macri and Massa easily defeated their rivals in the primary elections; Scioli, Stolbizer and Rodríguez Saá were the single candidates of their respective parties. Nicolás del Caño defeated Altamira, and became the unexpected candidate for the Worker's Left Front.

Party		Presidential candidate	Running mate	Candidate votes		Overall votes
				Votes	%	Votes	%
	Front for Victory (FPV)	Daniel Scioli	Carlos Zannini	8,720,573	100	8,720,573	36.69
	Let's Change	Mauricio Macri	Gabriela Michetti	5,523,413	81.33	6,791,278	28.57
		Ernesto Sanz	Lucas Llach	753,825	11.10
		Elisa Carrió	Héctor Toty Flores	514,040	7.57
	United for a New Alternative (UNA)	Sergio Massa	Gustavo Sáenz	3,230,887	69.64	4,639,405	19.52
		José Manuel de la Sota	Claudia Rucci	1,408,518	30.36
	Progressives	Margarita Stolbizer	Miguel Ángel Olaviaga	769,316	100	781,472	3.29
	Left and Worker's Front (FIT)	Nicolás del Caño	Myriam Bregman	375,874	51.29	732,851	3.08
		Jorge Altamira	Juan Carlos Giordano	356,977	48.71
	Federal Commitment	Adolfo Rodríguez Saá	Liliana Negre de Alonso	472,341	100	472,341	1.99
	People's Front	Víctor De Gennaro	Evangelina Codoni	106,324	100	106,324	0.45
	Movement for Socialism (MAS)	Manuela Castañeira	Jorge Ayala	103,742	100	103,742	0.44
	Workers' Socialist Movement - New Left	Alejandro Bodart	Vilma Ripoll	95,780	100	95,780	0.40
	Popular Party	Mauricio Yattah	María Moretta	67,798	100	67,798	0.29
	Neighbourhood Action Movement (MAV)	Raúl Albarracín	Gastón Dib	39,512	100	39,512	0.17
Blank votes						1,216,634	5.12
Total						23,767,710	100
Valid votes						23,767,710	98.94
Invalid votes						254,106	1.06
Total votes						24,021,816	100
Registered voters/turnout						32,067,641	74.91
Source:^[25]

President

 

Then-president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner casting her vote.

Opinion polls previous to the result suggested that Scioli would win by a wide margin, and might even be able to avoid a ballotage. However, the final results showed only a narrow lead for Scioli, with his 37.08% just ahead of Macri's 34.15%, leading to new elections on 22 November. Massa got the third place, with 21% of the vote, and both candidates sought to secure the voters that had voted for him. Both candidates were polarized on the opinion about the presidency of Cristina Kirchner: Scioli proposes to keep most of the Kirchnerite policies, and Macri to change them. In the legislative elections, the FPV lost the majority of the chamber of deputies, but kept the majority of the senate.^[26]

Scioli declined to attend the first leaders' debate previous to the elections, which was held between the other five candidates instead. When the ballotage was confirmed, he asked Macri for a presidential debate between both candidates, which was accepted.^[27] Two debates were being organized: one by the NGO "Argentina debate", and another one by the TV news channel Todo Noticias. Macri preferred to take part in a single debate with Scioli, and opted for the one organized by Argentina Debate.^[28]

Macri criticized Scioli for a negative campaigning launched by the Front for Victory.^[29] Several politicians and state institutions run by the FPV released messages warning about terrible things that may happen if Macri was elected president.^[30] Scioli claims that it was a campaign to encourage public awareness.^[31] It is rumored that the campaign may have been suggested by the Brazilian João Santana, who organized a similar one in Brazil during the ballotage of Dilma Rousseff and Aécio Neves.^[32]

The ballotage was held on 22 November. Daniel Scioli accepted his defeat when 70% of the votes were counted; the provisional results were 53% and 47% at that moment.^[33] The distance between both candidates slowly narrowed in the following hours, leading to a smaller victory margin for Macri than most exit polls suggested.^[34] Nevertheless, his victory ended the 12-year rule of Kirchnerism in the country.^[35]

Macri owed his victory to Córdoba, the second-largest province, swinging dramatically to support him; he carried the province by over 930,000 votes in the second round, far exceeding his nationwide margin of 680,600 votes. Buenos Aires also swung hard to Macri, giving its mayor over 64 percent of the vote in the second round.

Candidate		Running mate	Party	First round		Second round
				Votes	%	Votes	%
	Mauricio Macri	Gabriela Michetti	Cambiemos	8,601,131	34.15	12,988,349	51.34
	Daniel Scioli	Carlos Zannini	Front for Victory	9,338,490	37.08	12,309,575	48.66
	Sergio Massa	Gustavo Sáenz	United for a New Alternative	5,386,977	21.39
	Nicolás del Caño	Myriam Bregman	Workers' Left Front	812,530	3.23
	Margarita Stolbizer	Miguel Ángel Olaviaga	Progresistas	632,551	2.51
	Adolfo Rodríguez Saá	Liliana Negre de Alonso	Federal Commitment	412,578	1.64
Total				25,184,257	100.00	25,297,924	100.00
Valid votes				25,184,257	96.68	25,297,924	97.54
Invalid votes				199,449	0.77	330,848	1.28
Blank votes				664,740	2.55	306,471	1.18
Total votes				26,048,446	100.00	25,935,243	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				32,130,853	81.07	32,108,509	80.77
Source: Government of Argentina,^[36]^[37] Padron^[38]

Results by province, first round

Provinces won by Daniel Scioli

Provinces won by Mauricio Macri

Provinces won by Sergio Massa

Provinces won by Adolfo Rodríguez Saá

	Daniel Scioli FPV		Mauricio Macri PRO		Sergio Massa FR		Nicolas del Caño FIT		Margarita Stolbizer Progresistas		Adolfo Rodríguez Saá CF		Margin		Province total
Province	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes
Buenos Aires	3,563,089	37.28	3,134,779	32.80	2,143,827	22.43	351,786	3.68	272,801	2.85	90,448	0.95	428,310	4.48	9,556,730
Capital Federal	476,632	24.09	1,001,379	50.61	302,065	15.27	84,238	4.26	100,462	5.08	13,856	0.70	-524,747	-26.52	1,978,632
Catamarca	98,831	44.84	78,958	35.82	35,046	15.90	3,447	1.56	2,419	1.10	1,718	0.78	19,873	9.02	220,419
Chaco	352,304	53.69	185,563	28.28	97,469	14.85	9,315	1.42	6,990	1.07	4,509	0.69	166,741	25.41	656,150
Chubut	121,314	41.67	62,142	21.34	86,026	29.55	10,439	3.59	8,466	2.91	2,749	0.94	35,288	12.12	291,136
Córdoba	418,221	19.26	1,155,333	53.22	443,204	20.41	69,051	3.18	38,998	1.80	46,235	2.13	-712,129	-32.81	2,171,042
Corrientes	313,292	50.26	198,241	31.81	95,106	15.26	6,824	1.09	6,487	1.04	3,342	0.54	115,051	18.45	623,292
Entre Ríos	313,022	37.64	314,057	37.76	164,799	19.81	14,420	1.73	17,501	2.10	7,925	0.95	-1,035	-0.12	831,724
Formosa	217,026	66.98	48,742	15.04	53,817	16.61	2,615	0.81	1,116	0.34	696	0.21	163,209	50.94	324,012
Jujuy	152,345	37.58	69,882	17.24	168,571	41.59	9,564	2.36	3,144	0.78	1,846	0.46	-16,226	-4.01	405,352
La Pampa	79,963	37.94	70,783	33.59	45,465	21.57	5,332	2.53	5,509	2.61	3,704	1.76	9,180	4.35	210,756
La Rioja	73,527	36.32	64,106	31.67	52,492	25.93	3,403	1.68	2,199	1.09	6,706	3.31	9,421	4.65	202,433
Mendoza	341,163	31.36	443,913	40.81	156,503	14.39	82,734	7.61	15,698	1.44	47,874	4.40	-102,750	-9.45	1,087,885
Misiones	403,671	61.11	149,940	22.70	90,464	13.70	5,809	0.88	8,244	1.25	2,392	0.36	253,731	48.41	660,520
Neuquén	132,691	35.74	103,860	27.97	98,061	26.41	20,055	5.40	9,883	2.66	6,745	1.82	28,831	7.77	371,295
Río Negro	179,872	45.20	89,103	22.39	96,769	24.32	15,506	3.90	11,119	2.79	5,604	1.41	83,103	20.88	397,973
Salta	292,699	40.98	146,875	20.56	242,704	33.98	19,036	2.66	7,506	1.05	5,498	0.77	49,995	7.00	714,318
San Juan	192,377	45.96	86,920	20.76	111,444	26.62	6,127	1.46	7,264	1.74	14,470	3.46	80,933	19.34	418,602
San Luis	43,442	15.58	86,225	30.93	37,810	13.56	4,947	1.77	3,702	1.33	102,684	36.83	-16,459	-5.90	278,810
Santa Cruz	82,595	47.06	44,880	25.57	39,626	22.58	5,533	3.15	2,064	1.18	794	0.45	37,715	21.49	175,492
Santa Fe	640,924	31.77	712,100	35.29	500,897	24.83	53,801	2.67	79,721	3.95	30,168	1.50	71,176	-3.52	2,017,611
Santiago del Estero	351,388	63.13	81,825	14.70	107,427	19.30	8,099	1.46	5,268	0.95	2,595	0.47	243,961	43.83	556,602
Tierra del Fuego	42,049	45.52	20,226	21.90	21,601	23.39	4,055	4.39	2,978	3.22	1,458	1.58	20,448	22.13	92,367
Tucumán	456,053	48.46	251,299	26.70	195,784	20.80	16,394	1.74	13,012	1.38	8,562	0.91	204,754	21.76	941,104
Totals	9,338,490	37.08	8,601,131	34.15	5,386,977	21.39	812,530	3.23	632.551	2.51	412,578	1.64	737,359	2.93	25,184,257

Results by province, second round

Provinces won by Mauricio Macri

Provinces won by Daniel Scioli

	Mauricio Macri PRO		Daniel Scioli FPV		Margin		Province total
Province	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes
Buenos Aires	4,662,935	48.85	4,882,082	51.15	-219,147	-2.30	9,545,017
Capital Federal	1,258,151	64.80	683,545	35.20	574,606	29.60	1,941,696
Catamarca	102,440	46.86	116,158	53.14	-13,718	-6.28	218,598
Chaco	278,001	40.81	403,280	59.19	-125,279	-18.38	681,281
Chubut	130,163	41.15	186,155	58.85	-55,992	-17.70	316,318
Córdoba	1,546,831	71.52	616,002	28.48	930,829	43.04	2,162,833
Corrientes	286,345	44.64	355,119	55.36	-68,774	-10.72	641,464
Entre Ríos	453,149	53.86	388,219	46.14	64,930	7.72	841,368
Formosa	116,725	36.08	206,762	63.92	-90,037	-27.84	323,487
Jujuy	214,429	52.89	190,959	47.11	23,470	5.78	405,388
La Pampa	108,543	51.03	104,169	48.97	4,374	2.06	212,712
La Rioja	114,963	56.50	88,502	43.50	16,461	13.00	203,465
Mendoza	625,983	57.53	462,186	42.47	163,797	15.06	1,088,169
Misiones	280,762	41.93	388,910	58.07	-108,148	-16.14	669,672
Neuquén	177,935	47.15	199,425	52.85	-21,490	-5.70	377,360
Río Negro	148,087	37.14	250,621	62.86	-102,534	-25.72	398,708
Salta	323,818	44.77	399,518	55.23	-75,700	-10.46	723,336
San Juan	175,377	40.20	260,937	59.80	-85,560	-19.60	463,314
San Luis	178,156	64.13	99,667	35.87	78,489	28.26	277,823
Santa Cruz	72,876	41.67	102,003	58.33	-29,127	-16.66	174,879
Santa Fe	1,141,121	55.72	906,826	44.28	234,295	11.44	2,047,947
Santiago del Estero	154,955	27.91	400,331	72.09	-245,376	-44.18	555,286
Tierra del Fuego	38,407	41.34	54,503	58.66	-16,096	-17.32	92,910
Tucumán	398,197	41.40	563,696	58.60	-165,499	-17.20	961,893
Totals	12,988,349	51.34	12,309,575	48.66	678,774	2.68	25,297,924

Chamber of Deputies

Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats
						Won
	Front for Victory			8,765,438	37.39	60
	Cambiemos		Cambiemos	7,689,257	32.80	42
			Encuentro por Corrientes [es]	183,856	0.78	1
			Formosan Broad Front [es]	82,095	0.35	1
			Civic and Social Front of Catamarca	77,507	0.33	1
			Union to Live Better	75,019	0.32	1
			La Pampa Civic and Social Front	69,666	0.30	1
			Radical Civic Union	53,205	0.23	0
		Total		8,230,605	35.11	47
	United for a New Alternative		United for a New Alternative	3,167,902	13.51	14
			Union for Córdoba	449,656	1.92	2
			Renewal Front	149,596	0.64	0
			Commitment with San Juan	105,267	0.45	1
			Citizen Participation Movement	99,280	0.42	0
			Popular Union	61,146	0.26	0
			United Front	44,065	0.19	0
			New People	20,965	0.09	0
			Third Position Front	17,949	0.08	0
		Total		4,115,826	17.56	17
	Workers' Left Front		Workers' Left Front	904,229	3.86	1
			Workers' Party	78,724	0.34	0
		Total		982,953	4.19	1
	Progresistas		Progresistas	568,056	2.42	1
			Progressive, Civic and Social Front	208,242	0.89	1
			Socialist Party	14,922	0.06	0
			Social Pole Movement	8,303	0.04	0
			Generation for a National Encounter	4,087	0.02	0
		Total		803,610	3.43	2
	Federal Commitment		Federal Commitment	174,795	0.75	2
			Partido Es Posible [es]	100,252	0.43	0
		Total		275,047	1.17	2
	We Are All Chubut			85,730	0.37	1
	Self-determination and Freedom			68,248	0.29	0
	Neuquén People's Movement			56,315	0.24	0
	Popular Project			30,734	0.13	0
	Renewal Crusade			7,442	0.03	0
	Fueguian People's Movement			5,608	0.02	0
	Communist Party			4,622	0.02	0
	Party of Culture, Education and Labour			3,681	0.02	0
	Citizens to Govern Party			2,864	0.01	0
	Patagonian Social Party			2,832	0.01	0
	New October			1,107	0.00	0
Total				23,442,662	100.00	130
Valid votes				23,442,662	90.00
Invalid votes				185,268	0.71
Blank votes				2,418,716	9.29
Total votes				26,046,646	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				32,130,853	81.06
Source: DINE,^[39] Padron^[38]

Results by province

Province	FPV			Let's Change			UNA			Others
	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
Buenos Aires	3,354,619	37.28	14	3,037,552	33.75	12	1,888,415	20.98	8	718,984	7.99	1
Buenos Aires City	437,380	22.37	3	895,391	45.80	6	280,213	14.33	2	342,012	17.49	1
Catamarca	97,349	50.49	1	77,507	40.20	1	17,949	9.31	—	—	—	—
Chaco	343,023	53.75	2	179,386	28.11	1	92,247	14.46	—	23,487	3.68	—
Chubut	103,460	42.44	2	46,281	18.99	—	—	—	—	94,033	38.57	1
Córdoba	385,387	18.10	2	1,061,135	49.83	5	449,656	21.12	2	233,240	10.95	—
Corrientes	292,296	51.97	3	183,856	32.69	1	86,282	15.34	—	—	—	—
Entre Ríos	308,742	42.30	2	300,024	41.11	2	121,085	16.59	—	—	—	—
Formosa	219,585	72.79	2	82,095	27.21	1	—	—	—	—	—	—
Jujuy	128,738	37.75	1	194,051	56.90	2	—	—	—	18,242	5.35	—
La Pampa	81,040	46.11	1	69,666	39.64	1	20,965	11.93	—	4,087	2.33	—
La Rioja	73,487	41.46	1	90,900	51.29	2	—	—	—	12,845	7.25	—
Mendoza	315,587	29.97	2	434,058	41.22	3	135,622	12.88	—	167,870	15.94	—
Misiones	391,913	65.98	4	126,136	21.24	—	44,065	7.42	—	31,841	5.36	—
Neuquén	97,301	28.67	1	85,246	25.11	1	61,146	18.01	—	95,743	28.21	—
Río Negro	161,690	57.74	2	85,076	30.38	1	—	—	—	33,286	11.89	—
Salta	273,989	41.78	2	154,755	23.60	1	184,185	28.09	1	42,868	6.54	—
San Juan	214,238	55.40	2	59,789	15.46	—	105,267	27.22	1	7,442	1.92	—
San Luis	32,397	13.65	—	54,321	22.89	—	—	—	—	150,616	63.46	2
Santa Cruz	70,603	46.30	1	75,019	49.19	1	—	—	—	6,879	4.51	—
Santa Fe	595,616	31.46	4	576,749	30.47	3	415,889	21.97	2	304,738	16.10	1
Santiago del Estero	341,207	65.67	3	78,758	15.16	—	99,586	19.17	1	—	—	—
Tierra del Fuego	32,869	42.01	2	14,557	18.61	1	13,974	17.86	—	16,835	21.52	—
Tucumán	412,922	51.22	3	268,297	33.28	2	99,280	12.31	—	25,745	3.19	—
Total	8,765,438	37.39	60	8,230,605	35.11	47	4,115,826	17.56	17	2,330,793	9.94	6

Senate

Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats
						Won
	Cambiemos		Cambiemos	2,436,874	34.14	6
			Encuentro por Corrientes [es]	186,462	2.61	1
			Civic and Social Front of Catamarca	77,091	1.08	1
			La Pampa Civic and Social Front	69,983	0.98	1
		Total		2,770,410	38.81	9
	Front for Victory			2,336,037	32.72	13
	United for a New Alternative		United for a New Alternative	480,703	6.73	0
			Union for Córdoba	449,244	6.29	1
			Renewal Front	134,403	1.88	0
			Citizen Participation Movement	99,582	1.40	0
			New People	21,494	0.30	0
			Third Position Front	18,283	0.26	0
		Total		1,203,709	16.86	1
	Progresistas		Progressive, Civic and Social Front	249,246	3.49	0
			Progresistas	62,764	0.88	0
			Social Pole Movement	8,351	0.12	0
			Generation for a National Encounter	4,275	0.06	0
		Total		324,636	4.55	0
	Workers' Left Front			302,525	4.24	0
	Federal Commitment		Partido Es Posible [es]	91,858	1.29	0
			Federal Commitment	23,904	0.33	0
		Total		115,762	1.62	0
	We Are All Chubut			85,396	1.20	1
Total				7,138,475	100.00	24
Valid votes				7,138,475	91.10
Invalid votes				75,400	0.96
Blank votes				621,928	7.94
Total votes				7,835,803	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				9,815,549	79.83
Source: DINE,^[40] Padron^[38]

Results by province

Province	FPV			Let's Change			UNA			Others
	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
Catamarca	97,872	50.65	2	77,091	39.89	1	18,283	9.46	—	—	—	—
Chubut	103,830	42.51	2	46,664	19.11	—	—	—	—	93,747	38.38	1
Córdoba	388,712	18.27	—	1,068,903	50.23	2	449,244	21.11	1	221,187	10.39	—
Corrientes	302,495	53.01	2	186,462	32.67	1	81,723	14.32	—	—	—	—
La Pampa	81,064	45.85	2	69,983	39.58	1	21,494	12.16	—	4,275	2.42	—
Mendoza	322,569	30.53	1	452,990	42.87	2	134,403	12.72	—	146,686	13.88	—
Santa Fe	616,146	32.00	2	570,060	29.61	1	398,980	20.72	—	339,982	17.66	—
Tucumán	423,349	50.18	2	298,257	35.35	1	99,582	11.80	—	22,442	2.66	—
Total	2,336,037	32.72	13	2,770,410	38.81	9	1,203,709	16.86	1	828,319	11.60	1

Mercosur Parliament

Party		National			Provincial			Total seats
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	Front for Victory	8,922,609	37.46	8	8,653,633	37.58	18	26
	Cambienos	8,105,307	34.03	7	8,132,741	35.32	5	12
	United for a New Alternative	4,723,218	19.83	4	4,004,348	17.39	0	4
	Workers' Left Front	930,838	3.91	0	943,972	4.10	0	0
	Progresistas	726,699	3.05	0	738,934	3.21	0	0
	Federal Commitment	409,094	1.72	0	249,134	1.08	1	1
	We Are All Chubut				85,694	0.37	0	0
	Self-determination and Freedom				60,073	0.26	0	0
	Neuquén People's Movement				53,084	0.23	0	0
	Radical Civic Union				52,287	0.23	0	0
	Popular Project				30,902	0.13	0	0
	Fueguian People's Movement				4,555	0.02	0	0
	Party of Culture, Education and Labour				4,191	0.02	0	0
	Communist Party				4,051	0.02	0	0
	Patagonian Social Party				3,319	0.01	0	0
	Citizens let's Govern Party				2,764	0.01	0	0
	New October				1,016	0.00	0	0
Total		23,817,765	100.00	19	23,024,698	100.00	24	43
Valid votes		23,817,765	91.44		23,024,698	88.40
Invalid votes		191,145	0.73		185,502	0.71
Blank votes		2,039,605	7.83		2,836,446	10.89
Total votes		26,048,515	100.00		26,046,646	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		32,130,853	81.07		32,130,853	81.06
Source: Government of Argentina^[41]^[42]

Provincial governors

Main article: 2015 Argentine provincial elections

On 25 October elections numerous provinces also elected governors, with the new ones beginning their terms on 10 December 2015. These provinces were Buenos Aires province, Catamarca, Chubut, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, Misiones, San Juan, San Luis and Santa Cruz, encompassing 11 of the country's 23 provinces. The other provinces elected governors in different days of 2015; the only exceptions were Corrientes and Santiago del Estero whose governors' terms were not due to finish in 2015.^[43]

María Eugenia Vidal was elected governor of the populous Buenos Aires Province, defeating the controversial Aníbal Fernández; her victory influenced as well the growth of Macri in the presidential elections. Similarly, the unpopular Fernández may have subtracted non-Kirchnerite votes from Scioli.^[43] The victory was considered significant given that Fernández was the incumbent Cabinet Chief of the Kirchner administration, and that Vidal was directly replacing Daniel Scioli's post as governor of the province.^[44] It is made more significant as she is the first female governor of the province, and the first non-Peronist governor since 1987. The Republican Proposal also retained the city of Buenos Aires, that elected Horacio Rodríguez Larreta as the new mayor.^[43] The PRO stronghold had gone to a second round between Larreta and Martín Lousteau (also of the Cambiemos front, but not in the same party) after the Front for Victory's Mariano Recalde finished third.^[45] Juan Schiaretti won the elections in Córdoba, and he is the single governor of the UNA ticket.^[43] The socialist Miguel Lifschitz was elected governor of Santa Fe, after a controversial triple tie with the PJ and PRO. Carlos Verna was reelected governor of La Pampa.^[43]

The votes in Entre Ríos had a slow count. During a week, the provisional results suggested that Gustavo Bordet may be the new governor of Entre Ríos, but Alfredo de Angeli claimed that the uncounted votes may turn the tide and make him the winner instead.^[46] The final results were released on 30 October, confirming the victory of Bordet. In Misiones, Hugo Passalacqua, vice governor of Maurice Closs was elected governor by a wide margin.^[43]

Rosana Bertone was elected governor of Tierra del Fuego. The radical Eduardo Costa got the higher number of votes in Santa Cruz, but Alicia Kirchner was elected governor, thanks to the Ley de Lemas. The former governor of Chubut Mario Das Neves was elected again. Neuquén and Río Negro elected Omar Gutiérrez and Alberto Weretilneck, who ran for local parties.^[43]

Mendoza provided an early victory for the opposition, by the radical Alfredo Cornejo. Alberto Rodríguez Saá was elected governor of San Luis once again. The Front for Victory retained the provinces of San Juan and La Rioja, with Sergio Uñac and Sergio Casas.^[43]

Lucía Corpacci was reelected in Catamarca and Gildo Insfrán was reelected in Formosa. In Chaco, Domingo Peppo was elected governor. Juan Manuel Urtubey got an important victory in Salta against Romero, and kept the province for the FPV. The radical Gerardo Morales was elected governor of Jujuy, the first non-Peronist one since the return of democracy in 1983. He expects to have a tense relation with the populist Milagro Sala. Juan Luis Manzur was elected governor of Tucumán, but the denounces of electoral fraud became a national scandal. The elections were first declared null by local judge, and then ratified by the local Supreme Court. The case is currently held by the national Supreme Court.^[43][47][48]

International reaction

Americas

•   Brazil – Despite the ruling Workers' party having supported Scioli during the campaign, Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff congratulated Macri and invited him to a state visit "as soon as possible", while she is also set to attend Macri's inauguration as president. The pair have stated that improving bilateral relations between the two countries, as well as strengthening the Mercosur trade bloc.^[49]
•   Chile – Chilean president Michelle Bachelet contacted Macri by phone and spoke about the importance for both countries which can maintain the spirit of cooperation, integration and development which characterizes their common history and the importance of further work for Latin America.^[50]
•   Colombia – Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos expressed "Congratulations to Mauricio Macri for his victory in presidential elections in Argentina. Successes in his management. It has our full support".^[51]
•   Ecuador – Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa congratulated Macri for his victory and wished him "the best of luck". While commenting on the presidencies of the Kirchners, he stated that "12 years ago Argentina was reborn like a phoenix, after neoliberalism had left it in ashes" whilst thanking the incumbent Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.^[52]
•   Mexico – Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto stated that "Mexico will work with" Macri's government to strengthen "bilateral relations and the wellbeing of Latin America".^[53]
•   Peru – Peruvian President Ollanta Humala contacted with Macri in order to congratulate him on his election victory and point out that the Peruvian Government has "strong will" to strengthen ties with his country, reported the Peruvian Foreign Ministry.^[54]
•   United States – The United States Secretary of State John Kerry congratulated the country for its "successful elections", adding that he was "looking forward to working closely" with Macri and his government.^[55] Meanwhile, United States Ambassador to Argentina Noah Mamet wished Macri well.^[53] Members of the United States House of Representatives later asked Barack Obama in a letter to prioritise US-Argentine relations during 2016, stating that "The United States and Argentina should be natural partners. Both have highly educated populations, diversified economies and vast natural resources" and calling such a relationship a "win-win" for both countries. The letter also stressed the importance of reversing high levels of anti-americanism in the country and resolving the holdout problem with the vulture funds, among other key issues.^[56] Obama later congratulated Macri personally, while an official White House statement confirmed that the President intends to strengthen ties.^[57]
•   Uruguay – Uruguayan president Tabaré Vázquez greeted Mauricio Macri in a telephone interview for his victory in presidential runoff and asked him to convey the congratulations to the people of Argentina for the civic maturity demonstrated during the election.^[58]
•   Venezuela – On 23 November, Venezuela's opposition hailed Macri's presidential win in Argentina as a blow for leftists in Latin America and a good omen for their own duel with "Chavismo" in next month's parliamentary vote. "That was a big disappointment for Venezuela's ruling socialist "Chavismo" movement, which had a close political alliance with Fernández."^[59] Diosdado Cabello called Macri a "fascist", and asked him to stay away of Venezuelan internal affairs, as Macri had proposed to remove Venezuela from the Mercosur because of the treatment to Leopoldo López and other political prisoners.^[60]

Asia

•   China – "China congratulates Mr. Macri on being elected as the new Argentinean president and wishes the Argentinean people new achievements in their national development," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said at a regular press briefing.^[61]
•   Israel – Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says he hopes ties between two countries to strengthen, invites Mauricio Macri to visit Israel.^[62]

Europe

•   France – French President François Hollande sent a telegram to Macri and expressed "We will have the opportunity at that time to deepen our dialogue and our bilateral relationship that is one of the densest known to the Latin American continent". Hollande also confirmed a state visit to Argentina in February 2016.^[63]
•   Germany – German Chancellor Angela Merkel also congratulated Macri and requested that he make a state visit. She added that the two countries have "always been deeply tied", particularly in the area of science which she deemed "one of the pillars" of the two countries' relations. Merkel also remarked that she would be "thankful" if the countries could strengthen cooperation "in all areas".^[64]
•   Italy – Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi called Macri on the night of his victory and stated that he will meet soon with the new president to "open a new page of collaboration between the two countries". He also highlighted the historical and cultural ties between the two countries, stating that "it is the country with the largest presence of Italian citizens in the world", numbering some 900,000. The Cambiemos victory also provoked much reaction in the domestic Italian press.^[65]
•   Russia – In a telegram to Macri, Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed his hopes that the two countries will continue to increase the "bilateral cooperation within diverse areas and the coordination of efforts to resolve current occurrences within the international agenda", adding that "the fundamental intesests of the people of Russia and Argentina contribute to guarantee the stability and security of Latin America and the world", while reminding Macri that the countries had recently celebrated 130 years of diplomatic relations. Putin also made reference to the ongoing nuclear power and hydrocarbon extraction projects between the countries.^[66]
•   Spain – Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, who has a close relationship with Macri, congratulated him and invited him to carry out a state visit "as soon as possible", stating that he is confident that the new government will "lead this new stage with success" while offering "the necessary support to consolidate the historical ties of friendship, fraternity and cooperation". The relationship between Spain and Argentina had become increasingly tense under the presidency of Cristina Kirchner, particularly after the Renationalization of YPF in 2012.^[67]
•   United Kingdom – UK Prime Minister David Cameron called Macri to congratulate him and offered his support for his presidency. A Downing Street spokesperson stated that "both leaders expect to meet in the near future", emphasising trade relations and investments, while also prioritising the establishment of a free trade agreement between MERCOSUR and the European Union "as soon as possible".^[68]

Financial sector

The MERVAL index climbed 28% to record highs in the four weeks leading up to the run-off, largely attributed to a potential Cambiemos victory, though this dropped 3% on the day following the election.^[69] JPMorgan lowered Argentina's risk index by 16% on the day following the election, to levels not seen since 2011, while Argentine bonds increased across the board.^[70] Similarly, Moody's raised the country's outlook from "stable" to "positive" following the election.^[71]

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External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2015 Argentine general election.

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