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Wikipedia

Little Manila

A Little Manila (Filipino: Munting Maynila or Maliit na Maynila), also known as a Manilatown (Filipino: Bayang Maynila) or Filipinotown (Filipino: Bayang Pilipino), is a community with a large Filipino immigrant and descendant population. Little Manilas are enclaves of Overseas Filipinos consisting of people of Filipino origin living outside of the Philippines.

Little Manila
Little Manila in Woodside, Queens, New York City
Filipino name
TagalogMunting Maynila

This term applies to Filipinos who are both abroad indefinitely as citizens or permanent residents of a different country, and to those Filipino citizens abroad for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract or as students. It can also include seamen and others who work outside the Philippines, but are neither permanent nor temporary residents of another country.

Characteristics

Filipino markets

According to Rick Bonus, author of Locating Filipino Americans: Ethnicity and the Cultural Politics of Space, "...Filipinos only deal with Filipinos." The author meant that in a Filipino society is very "tightly bound" and tend to only purchase Filipino products only from known Filipino grocery stores, even though the same products may be available at more mainstream retailers.[1]

Filipino restaurants

 
A selection of Filipino dishes

Many Filipinos who grow up in a Filipino enclave experience a yearning only for Filipino food. For example, one author stated that "... my stomach was trained at an early age to love Filipino food. I ate tocino (sweet pork) and longanisa (sweet sausage) for breakfast, and had adobo, pancit, and beef caldereta for dinner... White kids... would make faces at my food and ask what I was eating."[2]

Income and schooling

According to an article, the percentage of Filipinos living below the poverty line is one of the lowest among Asian groups with the third highest income level averaging around $65,000 U.S. dollars. Sterngass further states that education is a priority in this culture as well.[3]

Locations

Australia

Sydney

There are about 85,000 Filipino-Australians in the area controlled by Blacktown City Council. Philippine-born residents comprise 5.9% of the population in the City of Blacktown and are the largest directly born ethnic group in Blacktown. More than fifty percent of Filipino-Australians are based in New South Wales.[citation needed]

Filipino food shops exist around Blacktown railway station.

Melbourne

"... in different areas of Metropolitan Melbourne, with the greatest number settling down in the western suburbs." , a website from Vicnet, a division of the State Library of Victoria.

Canada

Manitoba

Winnipeg

Winnipeg is home to 56,400 Filipinos, making them the third largest Filipino community in Canada by total population, however the largest by percentage (8.7%).[4] The Filipino community in Winnipeg is the largest visible minority group in Winnipeg ahead of the Chinese-Canadians and Indo-Canadians (but excluding aboriginal Canadians, who are not counted as a "visible minority" by Statistics Canada). Winnipeg is home to the more established Filipino community in Canada with mass migration beginning in the 1950s.

About 1 out of 10 Filipinos in Canada call Winnipeg home. There is also Filipino community centre called The Philippine Canadian Centre of Manitoba (PCCM) providing social and service to the Filipino community and also holds events such as Folklorama. There are also Filipino newspapers such as The Pilipino Express News Magazine, The Filipino Journal, and Ang Peryodiko. There is also a radio station, CKJS, which broadcasts Filipino related news, music, lifestyle and much more.

Winnipeg's Filipino population is largely concentrated in the West End and North End areas of the city. The neighborhood around Sargent Avenue and Arlington Street is 45% Filipino,[5] and the neighborhood around Sargent Avenue and Wall Street is 47% Filipino.[6][7]

There were reports of a proposal to establish a Filipino cultural district and is seeking community consultations.[8]

Ontario

Greater Toronto Area

Toronto, in the province of Ontario, is home to the largest Filipino contingency in Canada with over 250,000 living in Toronto and its suburbs. Toronto's population is 5% Filipino and they are the fourth-largest visible minority group. Toronto is the premier destination for Filipino immigrants and tourists with about 9,000 coming every year.

Downtown Toronto

Downtown Toronto is home to over 670,000 people of which 3% or over 20,000 are of Filipino origin. Most Filipinos living in Downtown Toronto live in the neighbourhoods of St. James Town, where Filipinos make the largest visible minority group accounting for 22% of the population, and Parkdale, particularly around Jameson Avenue.

Compared to other parts of Toronto, Downtown Toronto has a small number of Filipino businesses. In St. James Town and the surrounding neighbourhoods, there are a few businesses and offices scattered around the area. Some of these include a store (), a take-out restaurant (Wow Philippines! Eat Bulaga!), a dental office (Dr. Victoria Santiago and Associates), a community centre (The Filipino Centre, Toronto) and an office of The Filipino Channel.

North York

North York, the northern inner suburb of Toronto, is home to over 620,000 people of which about 4% or over 25,000 are of Filipino origin. North York's Filipino community is concentrated primarily around Clanton Park and Flemingdon Park.

The main thoroughfare of Bathurst street is generally populated by Filipino residents. In Clanton Park, the intersection of Bathurst Street and Wilson Avenue is the site of a high concentration of Filipino businesses. Due to their active presence, the area is unofficially called "Little Manila." Street festivals occur during the summer season.

Across the Overlea Bridge from Thorncliffe Park, Flemingdon Park is home to many Filipinos. Of the almost 20,000 residents of Flemingdon Park, about 2,500 are of Filipino descent. Like most high-rise communities in Toronto, Flemingdon Park witnessed the growth of their Filipino community during the 1970s and 80s.

Filipinos make up the majority, or about 60%, of the congregation at Blessed John XXIII Parish. For many years, the Filipino Chaplaincy of the Archdiocese of Toronto was housed at the church. Mass was held every Sunday in Tagalog, Simbang Gabi masses were held every year and devotions to Sto. Nino and the Black Nazarene were held while the Filipino Chaplaincy was active at Blessed John XXIII Parish. The Filipino Chaplaincy left the parish in the August 2008 for Our Lady of Assumption Parish in the Bathurst Street area. The school adjacent to the parish, Blessed John XXIII Catholic School, is also attended by predominantly Filipino students.

Scarborough

Scarborough, the eastern part of Toronto is home to about 600,000 people with about 7% or over 40,000 people are of Filipino origin. Filipino Canadians are the third largest Asian Canadian subgroup and fourth largest visible minority group in Scarborough.

Filipino establishments and offices dot the Scarborough landscape with almost every mall and plaza with at least one Filipino establishment. Some of the popular restaurants are Marcy Fine Foods, Remely's, Barrio Fiesta, Chef George, Sino Pino, Mayette's, Jesse Jr. (3 branches), Golden Valley Food Outlet, Cucina Manila, Bicol Express, Esperanza's Pancitan, Mami's, Coffee In and Fiesta Filipino. FV Foods (3 branches), Manila Bakery and Baker's Best all specialize in Filipino sweets and breads. Most of these establishments double as a store with imported Filipino products. Many remittance and door to door services have offices in Scarborough such as Mabini Express, PNB, Forex, UMAC Express Cargo, Gemini Express, and RemitX.

Mississauga

Mississauga, a city immediately west of Toronto and Canada's sixth-largest city, is home to over 700,000 people of which 4.6% or just over 30,000 are of Filipino origin. Filipino Canadians constitute the third largest Asian Canadian subgroup and fourth largest visible minority group. Tagalog is the 7th most spoken language in the city. The growth of Mississauga's Filipino community is mostly due to its proximity to Toronto.[citation needed]

Mississauga has many Filipino establishments and professional offices scattered throughout the city. Some of the popular establishments are Something Sweet 4 U (2 branches), Ellen's Place, Minerva Studio and Restaurant, Aristokrat, Halo Halo World Cafe and a branch of FV Foods. There are several stores that specialize in Filipino goods and many Asian supermarkets carry Filipino products. The Philippine National Bank has an office in Mississauga. There are many professional offices, mainly dental and law offices.

Mississauga plays host to many Filipino cultural events. Mississauga has two Filipino community centres, Kalayaan Community Centre and The Fiesta Filipina Centre for the Arts. Mississauga Valley Park host many community events including Kalayaan Independence Day Picnic and the Philippine Colleges and Universities Alumni Associations Summerfest.

Quebec

Montreal

Montreal,[9] the largest city in Quebec, also hosts the larges Filipino community in the province of Quebec. The sixth largest Filipino community in Canada, Montreal is home to nearly 44,000 Filipinos. Filipinos in Montreal are concentrated in the Snowdon neighbourhood and around Decarie Expressway, both areas have many Filipino establishments and professional offices. The Filipino Association of Montreal and Suburbs is an advocacy group for Filipino Canadians active in and around the city of Montreal. It is the oldest such association in Quebec.[10]

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Italy

In Palermo, Italy, the predominantly Filipino quarter is called Little Tondo.[11] Italy is home to 250,000 Filipinos.

Japan

In Takenotsuka, Adachi ward, Tokyo, there is an unrecognised Little Manila, which is mainly Filipino pubs.

Malaysia

Due to the close geographical location, Malaysia is home to one of the largest Filipino community in the world which estimate to be around 245,000 and 637,000 individuals.[12][13] The presence of the Filipinos in Malaysia has been continuous since antiquity. The Filipinos are mainly concentrated in the eastern shores in Sabah where the influence is evident, spurning ghettos in the state such as in Pulau Gaya. Another sizable community also resides in the Kuala Lumpur metropolitan region. The Filipinos in Malaysia are represented in all walks of life, beginning from the refugees from the south to professionals.

Saudi Arabia

There are many cities in Saudi Arabia where Filipinos have made businesses. For example, in Al-Khobar, in the eastern province, Filipinos are the majority of the visitors in Al-Ramaniyah Mall where one will find the only Jollibee Restaurant in Eastern Province. There are several Philippine eateries or restaurants in the city. There are also Filipino stores named "Kadiwa" where they sell Philippine products and vegetables such as kangkong and malunggay.

In the city of Jeddah, there is a place called Balad along Jeddah City Center and Jeddah International Market along Madinah Road where Filipinos gather the most during weekends. Surrounded with shopping malls which caters to mainly Filipino customers, you will find everything Filipino from restaurants, groceries and goods from the Philippines. There are three Jollibee Restaurants in Jeddah alone which makes it for Filipinos in Jeddah less likely to miss their comfort Filipino cuisines from home.[citation needed]

Singapore

An unrecognised Little Manila exists at the Lucky Plaza, where there are numerous Filipino restaurants, remittance agencies, Filipino beauty salons, Filipino medical offices, and Filipino stores.[14]

South Korea

A Little Manila exists in the city of Seoul where many Filipinos work and live.[15] The main area where Filipinos congregate and mingle is in the Hyehwa (혜화동) area of Seoul near the Hyehwa Catholic Church on Sundays. Outside the church on the Hyehwa rotary before and after mass, there are many stalls selling various balikbayan goods from the Philippines as well as the United States and some stalls selling snacks and food.[16]

Spain

The district of Tetuán in Madrid is home to the city's largest concentration of Filipinos,[17] with Filipinos forming the largest immigrant group in four of the district's six neighborhoods.[18] In Barcelona, the majority of Filipinos living in the city is concentrated in the northern half of El Raval,[19] which is reportedly home to fifteen percent of all Filipino citizens in Spain and is also home to most of the local community's cultural and social institutions.[20]

Taiwan

There are about 77,933 Filipino workers in Taiwan, with 53,868 of them working in the manufacturing sector and 22,994 people working as caregivers.[21] In Taipei, Little Manila is located in Zhongshan North Road, Zhongshan District. Shops and stalls that cater the needs of the Filipino expatriates were established near the Saint Christopher's Roman Catholic Church as most of the church goers are Filipinos or locals with Filipino lineage. Balut is also sold in this location in Taipei.

United Arab Emirates

The district of Karama and Satwa in Dubai is home to thousands of Filipinos working in Dubai. St. Mary's Church is the focal meeting point of the Filipino community.[citation needed]

United Kingdom

The largest Filipino community in the United Kingdom is in and around London, based around Earl's Court. Other towns and cities with significant Filipino communities include Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds and Barrow-in-Furness. Fiestas are held during June, July and August in various cities throughout the UK. The biggest and longest-running Filipino festival in the UK is 'The Barrio Fiesta sa London', held every year in Lampton Park, Hounslow, West London, usually in the month of July.

This event, organised by The Philippine Centre (a voluntary, non-governmental organisation and registered charity in the UK), has been going strong since 1985. It used to be a one-day event on a Sunday, but since 2003, it was extended to two days covering the weekend of both Saturday and Sunday, in order to accommodate all those attending due to a huge boost in visitors and the ever-increasing number of Filipinos in the UK. The Barrio Fiesta sa London is now in its 39th year as of 2023.[citation needed]

United States

California

The 2010 U.S. Census, counted approximately 1.2 million Filipino Americans (not including multiracial persons) in California, by far the largest number in the United States.[22] Greater Los Angeles is the metropolitan area home to the most Filipino Americans, with the population numbering over 600,000.[23] Los Angeles County alone accounts for 374,285 Filipinos,[23] the most of any single county in the United States. The San Francisco Bay Area is the metropolitan area with the second largest number of Filipino Americans in the U.S., with a population of over 460,000 as of the 2010 Census.[23]

Elsewhere in California, San Diego County has the second largest Filipino American population of any county in the nation, with a population of about 180,000, and Stockton in the Central Valley has a significant and historic Filipino population.[23] Although there's no "Little Manila", there's a large Filipino community in Delano north of Bakersfield in the San Joaquin Valley, it has a Filipino cultural community center [24] and an annual Filipino festival.[25]

Greater Los Angeles

Greater Los Angeles is the metropolitan area home to the most Filipinos outside of the Philippines, with the population numbering around 606,657;[26] Los Angeles County alone accounts for over 374,285 Filipinos,[27] the most of any single county in the United States.[28] Greater Los Angeles is also home to the largest number of Filipino immigrants (16 percent of the total Filipino immigrant population of the United States), as of 2011.[29]

Filipinos are the largest group of Asian Americans in the region. The City of Los Angeles designated a section of Westlake as Historic Filipinotown in 2002. Historic Filipinotown is now largely populated by Hispanic and Latino Americans with most Filipinos who once resided in the area and the city in general having moved to the suburbs.[30][31][32] In 2014, about a quarter of Historic Filipinotown's population is Filipino, however the population does not have a significant "visible cultural impact";.[33]

The San Gabriel Valley is home to a large population of Filipino Americans, particularly in the cities of West Covina, Walnut, Diamond Bar, Rowland Heights, and Chino Hills.[34][35][36] Other large concentrations of Filipino Americans in Los Angeles County can be found in the South Bay area in the cities of Long Beach, and Carson,[37][38] where "Larry Itliong Day" was dedicated,[39] Panorama City in the San Fernando Valley, and the Cerritos-Norwalk-La Palma area.[35][36][40]

The city of Glendale and Eagle Rock neighborhood of Los Angeles is home to a large Filipino community. The Westfield Eagle Rock Plaza Mall has a section with a number of Filipino businesses such as Seafood City, Jollibee, Leelin Bakery, Chow King, and Cebuana Lhullier alongside a Macy's and Target store. Orange County also has a sizable and growing Filipino population,[41] whose population grew by 178 percent in the 1980s. Large populations in the county can be found in the cities of Buena Park, Anaheim, and Irvine.[42] And also the Inland Empire, California region such as Riverside, Moreno Valley, the Coachella Valley[43] and Mojave Desert.[44]

Historic Filipinotown is a district of Los Angeles, California, located between the neighborhoods of Westlake and Echo Park. The district's boundaries are defined by the 101 Freeway to the north, Beverly Boulevard to the south, Hoover Street to the west, and Glendale Boulevard to the east, northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. It was created by a resolution proposed by city council member Eric Garcetti on August 2, 2002. The crosswalks in Filipinotown are decorated with traditional Filipino basket weaving patterns.

Historic Filipinotown is one of the few areas where Filipinos first settled in Los Angeles during the early part of the 20th century. Many Filipino American families began purchasing homes and establishing businesses in the area beginning from the 1940s, shifting away from the Little Tokyo area in the 1920s and the Bunker Hill area later. In modern times, Historic Filipinotown reflects the polyglot nature of Los Angeles.

While the district still has a sizable Filipino population, they are in the minority, overshadowed by a sizable Mexican and Central American population. Nevertheless, the area still has one of the highest concentrations of Filipino Americans in Southern California and still remains the cultural heart of Filipinos throughout Los Angeles. Of the 100,000 Filipinos that reside in the City of Los Angeles, an estimated 6,900 are within Historic Filipinotown.

The Historic Filipinotown Chamber of Commerce leads the effort for commercial expansion in the area. Many Filipino service organizations and institutions, such as the Remy's on Temple Art Gallery, Tribal Cafe, Pilipino Workers Center (PWC), Filipino American Community of Los Angeles (FACLA), People's CORE, Filipino American Service Group, Inc. (FASGI), Search to Involve Pilipino Americans (SIPA), and the Filipino American Library (FAL) are located in Historic Filipinotown. The area is also host to many Filipino restaurants, medical clinics and churches, including St. Columban Filipino Church, the first Filipino Catholic church in the United States (founded in 1946).

San Francisco Bay Area

Until the 1970s, there existed a Manilatown in San Francisco; one of its last remnants was the International Hotel.[45] In 2004, part of Kearny Street in San Francisco was designated Manilatown.[46] In April 2016, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adopted a resolution that established the SOMA Pilipinas Filipino Cultural Heritage District located in San Francisco's South of Market neighborhood.[47]

Daly City, on the Peninsula region of the Bay Area, has the highest concentration of Filipino Americans of any municipality in the mainland United States; Filipino Americans comprise 33% of the city's population (plus another 10% of Filipino descent), as of 2010. It also has a place in the vernacular as the "Pinoy capital", as well as a sister city of Quezon City, Philippines.[48]

Directly surrounding Daly City and spanning southeast into the Peninsula subregion are other cities that have significant Filipino American populations, such as Colma, Broadmoor, South San Francisco, and San Bruno where Filipino Americans form 24%, 23%, 20.2% and 15% of the total population, respectively.[49] The Peninsula city of Redwood City is home to the Filipino television networks of ABS-CBN and The Filipino Channel (TFC).

Another cluster with a high concentration of Filipino Americans is centered on Vallejo - the largest city in Solano County and just north (across the Carquinez Bridge) of the East Bay in the eastern part of the North Bay. Vallejo has a population of 116,000, 21% of which are Filipino Americans. Many towns around Vallejo also have high populations. American Canyon, just to the north, is almost 30% Filipino American. To the south, on the northernmost tip of the East Bay, are several towns that many Filipino Americans call home, such as Hercules, with 25.1%, and (with at least 10% Filipino American) Rodeo, Pinole, and Pittsburg.[49]

The suburbanization of the Filipino American population has also resulted in many living within a large swath of land that includes the southern portion of the East Bay and much of Santa Clara County, which is the county with the largest Filipino American population in the Bay Area - although this is in some part due to San Jose having nearly one million residents, with 5.6% being Filipino Americans.[50] Just north of Santa Clara County, in the southern ~ third of the East Bay, are several cities with high populations: Union City in particular, with 20.1% Filipino Americans, but also (with over 9% of the total population) Alameda, Hayward, Newark, and San Leandro.[49]

San Diego

In the early 20th century, Filipinos were concentrated in Downtown San Diego, particularly around Market Street;[51] the area was known as "skid row".[52] In the 21st century, Filipino Americans form the largest Asian American subgroup in San Diego County, at almost 6% of the entire county population. San Diego has historically been a popular destination for Filipino immigrants, and has contributed to the growth of its population.[53]

National City, a city bordering the south boundary of San Diego, has a large concentration of Filipino residents,[54] forming almost 17% of the population as of the 2010 Census.[49] Other concentrations include the neighborhoods of Mira Mesa, often referred to as "Manila Mesa",[55] Rancho Penasquitos, Paradise Hills and along Plaza Boulevard in National City.[56] A portion of California State Route 54 in San Diego is officially named the "Filipino-American Highway", in honor of the Filipino American Community.[57]

Stockton

Stockton in the northern San Joaquin Valley is home to a historic Filipino population that dates back to the 1930s. As of 2010, Filipinos made up 7.2% of Stockton's population.[58]

New York

New York State's cumulative Filipino population is at 200,000, mostly within the New York City area. Within New York City, Queens contains the most number of Filipinos in the Empire State. To a lesser extent, Filipino communities are also present in Nassau, Suffolk, and Rockland counties.

Woodside, Queens
 
Krystal's Cafe and Johnny Air Cargo shops on Roosevelt Avenue, Woodside, Queens, New York.
 
The Phil-Am grocery store in Woodside, Queens, New York

Woodside, Queens is known for its concentration of Filipinos known as Filipinotown or Little Manila. Along the 7 line, known colloquially as the "International Express", the 69th Street station serves as the gateway to Queens' very own Little Manila. This area attracts many local Filipinos and non-Filipinos alike and from neighboring places of Long Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The coverage of Little Manila is along Roosevelt Avenue, from 63rd Street to 71st Street.

Filipino cafés and restaurants dominate the area, as well as several freight and remittance centers scattered throughout the neighborhood. Other Filipino-owned businesses including professional services (medical, dental, optical), driving schools, beauty salons, immigration services, and video rental places providing the latest movies from the Philippines dot the community.[citation needed]

Restaurants such as Ihawan, Perlas ng Silangan, Renee's Kitchenette, Fritzie's Bakeshop, Fiesta Grill, Barrio Fiesta and Krystal's Cafe, are the most popular ones, while Philippine remittance and shipping centers such as Johnny Air Cargo, FRS, Edwards Travel, Apholo Shippers, Macro, Philippine National Bank, and Metrobank are present in the area.[59]

Establishments such as Eyellusion, Jefelli Photo and Video, Manila Phil-Am Driving, Santos Medical Clinic, Luz-Vi-Minda, Marlyn's Beauty Salon, Marry Indo Beauty Salon, Freddy Lucero Beauty Salon, Dimple Beauty Salon, Bambina Salon, Jan-Mar Technologies, Don's Professional Services, Casino Law Office, Kulay at Gupit, Phil-Am Foodmart, Mabuhay Filipino Store, and Nepa Q Mart are also there to serve the thriving Filipino American community.[60]

Jollibee, a famous fast-food chain in the Philippines, opened its first branch in New York in February 2009, selecting Woodside, Queens.[61] Red Ribbon Bakeshop, a sister company of Jollibee, followed suit in January 2010.

BPI, Getz Travel, Lucky Money Remittance, an office of TFC and Papa's Kitchen, that offers KAMAYAN night every Friday and Saturday (featured in The NY Times on October 9, 2013/Dining/Hungry City) on 65th Place & Woodside have also opened in Woodside's Little Manila.[62]

In February 2008, the Bayanihan Filipino Community Center opened its doors in Woodside, a project spearheaded by the Philippine Forum.[63] The Philippine Forum also hosts an annual festival at the Hart Playground in commemoration of Filipino American History Month.[64]

Other Filipino businesses that exist in Woodside but are not within the Little Manila area are Engeline's, a Filipino restaurant at 59th Street and Roosevelt Avenue, Tito Rad's Restaurant at Queens Boulevard and 50th Street, Payag Restaurant on 52nd Street - Roosevelt Avenue, Lourdess Restaurant on 58th Street and 37th Avenue and Papa's Kitchen on 65th Place and Woodside Avenue.[65]

On June 12, 2022, a sign-unveiling ceremony and celebration was held at the intersection of 70th Street and Roosevelt Avenue to commemorate the presence and contributions of the Filipino community in Queens. The corner was co-named "Little Manila Avenue."[66]

Manhattan
 
Philippine Center in New York City

The Philippine Consulate of New York has a multipurpose role, aside from its governmental duties and functions, it also caters to many events of the Filipino American community and has a school called Paaralan sa Konsulado (School at the consulate), which teaches new-generation Filipino Americans about their culture and language. It is known just as the Philippine Center instead of the consulate. The Philippine Center's newly renovated large edifice is situated in Fifth Avenue in Manhattan and is open to the public on business days and closed on Philippine and American holidays. The building itself is considered as the largest foreign consulate on the strip of the avenue.[citation needed]

New York City also hosts the annual Philippine Independence Day Parade along Madison Avenue on the first Sunday of June. It is also said to be one of the largest parades of any kind in the city and the largest Philippine celebration in the United States.[citation needed] This celebration is a combination of a parade and a street fair. Madison Avenue bursts on this day with Filipino culture, colors and people and is attended by many important political figures, entertainers, civic groups, etc. Former Mayor Rudy Giuliani and Senator Charles Schumer are devout attendees of this annual parade.[citation needed]

A Filipino restaurant to open in Manhattan is the Bayan Cafe around Midtown (2006).[67] Grill 21 is a popular Filipino restaurant located on the East Side of Manhattan.[citation needed]

In the East Village and Lower East Side, there was a significant Filipino migration in the late 1980s due to mass recruitment of Filipino medical professionals to area hospitals, notably New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, St. Vincent's Hospital, and Beth Israel Medical Center. Migration was spurred by the hospitals' offer of subsidized housing to employees, in the midst of ongoing rent strikes in the neighborhood. The burgeoning Little Manila centered on 1st Avenue and 14th Street, around which there were, at the peak, a number of grocer and video rental stores and Filipino restaurants within a few blocks of one another. Filipino American community relations were strengthened by local Roman Catholic churches in the East Village and Gramercy area. As rents increased, and properties were taken over by New York University, the number of Filipinos and Filipino businesses in East Village Little Manila waned. Elvie's Turo-Turo, the longest standing Filipino business in the area, closed in late 2009 after almost 20 years of operation. New Filipino business continue to sprout up.[68]

The Archdiocese of New York designated a chapel named after the first Filipino Saint Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila for the Filipino Apostolate. Officially designated as the "Church of Filipinos," or the Chapel of San Lorenzo Ruiz is the second in the United States and only the third in the world dedicated as such.[citation needed]

New Jersey

 
A Philippine Grocery in Jersey City, NJ

New Jersey is home to a Filipino population numbering at more than 100,000 statewide, according to the 2000 U.S. Census. This number may have been closing in to the 200,000 level, in 2006, due to a high birth rate among Filipino Americans and 8,000 Filipino immigrants annually. While Filipinos can be found across the state, the commercial districts catering to the Filipino community are found mostly in the state's urban areas.

State and local governments in the Garden State have significant number of employees of Filipino background and they play a vital role in the state's affairs, issues, and commerce.[citation needed] Filipino enclaves exist in Jersey City, Bergenfield, Passaic, Union City and Elizabeth. The Meadowlands Exposition Center in Secaucus hosts the annual Philippine Fiesta, a cultural event that draws Filipinos and non-Filipinos alike from across the New York metropolitan area. The event takes place on the weekend of the second week of August.[citation needed]

Jersey City

Jersey City is home to a high-ptofile Little Manila. Seven per cent (7%) of Jersey City's population is Filipino.[69] The Five Corners district has a thriving Filipino community, which is the largest Asian-American subgroup in the city.[citation needed] Newark Avenue's strip of Filipino culture and commerce dwarfs that of New York City. A variety of Filipino restaurants, shippers and freighters, doctors' officers, bakeries, stores, and even an office of The Filipino Channel made Newark Avenue their home. The largest Filipino-owned grocery store on the east coast Phil-Am Food has been there since 1973. An array of Filipino-owned businesses can also be found at the section of West Side where many of its residents are of Filipino descent. In 2006, a Red Ribbon pastry shop, one of the Philippines' most famous food chains, opened its first branch on the East Coast in the Garden State.[70]

Manila Avenue in Downtown Jersey City was named for the Philippine city because of the many Filipinos who built their homes on this street during the 1970s. A memorial, dedicated to the Filipino American veterans of the Vietnam War, was built in a small square on Manila Avenue. A park and statue dedicated to Jose P. Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, exists in downtown Jersey City.[71]

Jersey City is the host of the annual Philippine-American Friendship Day Parade, an event that occurs yearly in June, on its last Sunday. The City Hall of Jersey City raises the Philippine flag in correlation to this event and as a tribute to the contributions of the Filipino community. The Santacruzan Procession along Manila Avenue has taken place since 1977.[72]

Bergenfield

Bergenfield is informally known as the Little Manila of Bergen County.[73] Of the 14,224 Filipino population in the county as a whole, 3,133 (22% of the county total) live in Bergenfield.[74][75] It is home to many Filipino businesses, particularly restaurants and bakeshops. Red Ribbon, a popular bakeshop in the Philippines, will open its second branch in Bergenfield, after Jersey City.[citation needed]

Edison

Edison, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, has emerged as a growing hub for Filipinos since 2000.[76] A significant number of Filipinos in Middlesex County work in the burgeoning healthcare and other life-science disciplines at Central Jersey's numerous medical and pharmaceutical institutions.

Oregon

Portland and Beaverton

Portland is considered as a focal point of Filipino businesses. There are Filipino restaurants and stores in Portland and Beaverton. One Filipino restaurant is called "Tambayan Restaurant and Mart".[77]

Hawaii

Hawaii is known for its demographic structure, in which it does not have a specific majority group. The Filipino American community make up about 23% of the state's entire population and is second to their Japanese-American counterparts. Its geographic confines contain as many as 275,000 Filipinos (2000 census) [78] and receives a yearly 4,000 new Filipino immigrants.

The Filipino Community Center is the largest Filipino establishment of any kind in the United States. It is celebrating the Filipino Centennial, which commemorates 100 years of Filipino immigration and contributions to the state.[79]

The census designated place of Waipahu, on the island of Oahu, has a majority-Filipino population. Many of them are immigrants of the Philippines, and the streets of Waipahu have many small Filipino-owned businesses. Waipahu could be considered as "Hawaii's Little Manila". 85% of the Filipino American population in Hawaii are of Ilocano descent.[citation needed]

Kansas City Metropolitan Area

The Kansas City metropolitan area is thought to be home to a Filipino community [80] and it has the Fiesta Filipina event held every June.[81]

New Filipinotowns

There has been[when?] a surge of Filipino immigration to various cities. Las Vegas is now home to some 90,000 Filipinos, mostly living throughout the Las Vegas Valley (Henderson, Las Vegas and the overall Clark County). The article also references the following cities as having had a surge of new Filipino immigration:

[82]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Rick Bonus (2000). Locating Filipino Americans: Ethnicity and the Cultural Politics of Space. ISBN 9781566397797.
  2. ^ Ph.D, Kevin L. Nadal (July 15, 2010). Filipino American Psychology: A Collection of Personal Narratives. AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781452001906 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Jon Sterngass (2007). Filipino Americans. ISBN 9781438107110.
  4. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 15, 2001). "Census Program". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
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Further reading

  • Anatalio C. Ubalde (1997). Filipino American Enclaves and the Development of a Filipino American Center. University of California, Berkeley.

External links

  • www.littlemanila.org
  • www.manilatown.org

little, manila, filipino, munting, maynila, maliit, maynila, also, known, manilatown, filipino, bayang, maynila, filipinotown, filipino, bayang, pilipino, community, with, large, filipino, immigrant, descendant, population, enclaves, overseas, filipinos, consi. A Little Manila Filipino Munting Maynila or Maliit na Maynila also known as a Manilatown Filipino Bayang Maynila or Filipinotown Filipino Bayang Pilipino is a community with a large Filipino immigrant and descendant population Little Manilas are enclaves of Overseas Filipinos consisting of people of Filipino origin living outside of the Philippines Little ManilaLittle Manila in Woodside Queens New York CityFilipino nameTagalogMunting MaynilaThis term applies to Filipinos who are both abroad indefinitely as citizens or permanent residents of a different country and to those Filipino citizens abroad for a limited definite period such as on a work contract or as students It can also include seamen and others who work outside the Philippines but are neither permanent nor temporary residents of another country Contents 1 Characteristics 1 1 Filipino markets 1 2 Filipino restaurants 1 3 Income and schooling 2 Locations 2 1 Australia 2 1 1 Sydney 2 1 2 Melbourne 2 2 Canada 2 2 1 Manitoba 2 2 1 1 Winnipeg 2 2 2 Ontario 2 2 2 1 Greater Toronto Area 2 2 2 1 1 Downtown Toronto 2 2 2 1 2 North York 2 2 2 1 3 Scarborough 2 2 2 1 4 Mississauga 2 2 3 Quebec 2 2 3 1 Montreal 2 3 Hong Kong 2 4 Indonesia 2 5 Italy 2 6 Japan 2 7 Malaysia 2 8 Saudi Arabia 2 9 Singapore 2 10 South Korea 2 11 Spain 2 12 Taiwan 2 13 United Arab Emirates 2 14 United Kingdom 2 15 United States 2 15 1 California 2 15 1 1 Greater Los Angeles 2 15 1 2 San Francisco Bay Area 2 15 1 3 San Diego 2 15 1 4 Stockton 2 15 2 New York 2 15 2 1 Woodside Queens 2 15 2 2 Manhattan 2 15 3 New Jersey 2 15 3 1 Jersey City 2 15 3 2 Bergenfield 2 15 3 3 Edison 2 15 4 Oregon 2 15 4 1 Portland and Beaverton 2 15 5 Hawaii 2 15 6 Kansas City Metropolitan Area 2 15 7 New Filipinotowns 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksCharacteristics EditFilipino markets Edit See also Asian supermarket According to Rick Bonus author of Locating Filipino Americans Ethnicity and the Cultural Politics of Space Filipinos only deal with Filipinos The author meant that in a Filipino society is very tightly bound and tend to only purchase Filipino products only from known Filipino grocery stores even though the same products may be available at more mainstream retailers 1 Filipino restaurants Edit See also Filipino cuisine A selection of Filipino dishes Many Filipinos who grow up in a Filipino enclave experience a yearning only for Filipino food For example one author stated that my stomach was trained at an early age to love Filipino food I ate tocino sweet pork and longanisa sweet sausage for breakfast and had adobo pancit and beef caldereta for dinner White kids would make faces at my food and ask what I was eating 2 Income and schooling Edit According to an article the percentage of Filipinos living below the poverty line is one of the lowest among Asian groups with the third highest income level averaging around 65 000 U S dollars Sterngass further states that education is a priority in this culture as well 3 Locations EditMain articles Overseas Filipinos and Overseas Filipino Workers Australia Edit Sydney Edit There are about 85 000 Filipino Australians in the area controlled by Blacktown City Council Philippine born residents comprise 5 9 of the population in the City of Blacktown and are the largest directly born ethnic group in Blacktown More than fifty percent of Filipino Australians are based in New South Wales citation needed Filipino food shops exist around Blacktown railway station Melbourne Edit in different areas of Metropolitan Melbourne with the greatest number settling down in the western suburbs Filipinos in Victoria a website from Vicnet a division of the State Library of Victoria Canada Edit Manitoba Edit Winnipeg Edit Winnipeg is home to 56 400 Filipinos making them the third largest Filipino community in Canada by total population however the largest by percentage 8 7 4 The Filipino community in Winnipeg is the largest visible minority group in Winnipeg ahead of the Chinese Canadians and Indo Canadians but excluding aboriginal Canadians who are not counted as a visible minority by Statistics Canada Winnipeg is home to the more established Filipino community in Canada with mass migration beginning in the 1950s About 1 out of 10 Filipinos in Canada call Winnipeg home There is also Filipino community centre called The Philippine Canadian Centre of Manitoba PCCM providing social and service to the Filipino community and also holds events such as Folklorama There are also Filipino newspapers such as The Pilipino Express News Magazine The Filipino Journal and Ang Peryodiko There is also a radio station CKJS which broadcasts Filipino related news music lifestyle and much more Winnipeg s Filipino population is largely concentrated in the West End and North End areas of the city The neighborhood around Sargent Avenue and Arlington Street is 45 Filipino 5 and the neighborhood around Sargent Avenue and Wall Street is 47 Filipino 6 7 There were reports of a proposal to establish a Filipino cultural district and is seeking community consultations 8 Ontario Edit Greater Toronto Area Edit Toronto in the province of Ontario is home to the largest Filipino contingency in Canada with over 250 000 living in Toronto and its suburbs Toronto s population is 5 Filipino and they are the fourth largest visible minority group Toronto is the premier destination for Filipino immigrants and tourists with about 9 000 coming every year Downtown Toronto Edit Downtown Toronto is home to over 670 000 people of which 3 or over 20 000 are of Filipino origin Most Filipinos living in Downtown Toronto live in the neighbourhoods of St James Town where Filipinos make the largest visible minority group accounting for 22 of the population and Parkdale particularly around Jameson Avenue Compared to other parts of Toronto Downtown Toronto has a small number of Filipino businesses In St James Town and the surrounding neighbourhoods there are a few businesses and offices scattered around the area Some of these include a store Philippine Variety Store a take out restaurant Wow Philippines Eat Bulaga a dental office Dr Victoria Santiago and Associates a community centre The Filipino Centre Toronto and an office of The Filipino Channel North York Edit North York the northern inner suburb of Toronto is home to over 620 000 people of which about 4 or over 25 000 are of Filipino origin North York s Filipino community is concentrated primarily around Clanton Park and Flemingdon Park The main thoroughfare of Bathurst street is generally populated by Filipino residents In Clanton Park the intersection of Bathurst Street and Wilson Avenue is the site of a high concentration of Filipino businesses Due to their active presence the area is unofficially called Little Manila Street festivals occur during the summer season Across the Overlea Bridge from Thorncliffe Park Flemingdon Park is home to many Filipinos Of the almost 20 000 residents of Flemingdon Park about 2 500 are of Filipino descent Like most high rise communities in Toronto Flemingdon Park witnessed the growth of their Filipino community during the 1970s and 80s Filipinos make up the majority or about 60 of the congregation at Blessed John XXIII Parish For many years the Filipino Chaplaincy of the Archdiocese of Toronto was housed at the church Mass was held every Sunday in Tagalog Simbang Gabi masses were held every year and devotions to Sto Nino and the Black Nazarene were held while the Filipino Chaplaincy was active at Blessed John XXIII Parish The Filipino Chaplaincy left the parish in the August 2008 for Our Lady of Assumption Parish in the Bathurst Street area The school adjacent to the parish Blessed John XXIII Catholic School is also attended by predominantly Filipino students Scarborough Edit Scarborough the eastern part of Toronto is home to about 600 000 people with about 7 or over 40 000 people are of Filipino origin Filipino Canadians are the third largest Asian Canadian subgroup and fourth largest visible minority group in Scarborough Filipino establishments and offices dot the Scarborough landscape with almost every mall and plaza with at least one Filipino establishment Some of the popular restaurants are Marcy Fine Foods Remely s Barrio Fiesta Chef George Sino Pino Mayette s Jesse Jr 3 branches Golden Valley Food Outlet Cucina Manila Bicol Express Esperanza s Pancitan Mami s Coffee In and Fiesta Filipino FV Foods 3 branches Manila Bakery and Baker s Best all specialize in Filipino sweets and breads Most of these establishments double as a store with imported Filipino products Many remittance and door to door services have offices in Scarborough such as Mabini Express PNB Forex UMAC Express Cargo Gemini Express and RemitX Mississauga Edit Mississauga a city immediately west of Toronto and Canada s sixth largest city is home to over 700 000 people of which 4 6 or just over 30 000 are of Filipino origin Filipino Canadians constitute the third largest Asian Canadian subgroup and fourth largest visible minority group Tagalog is the 7th most spoken language in the city The growth of Mississauga s Filipino community is mostly due to its proximity to Toronto citation needed Mississauga has many Filipino establishments and professional offices scattered throughout the city Some of the popular establishments are Something Sweet 4 U 2 branches Ellen s Place Minerva Studio and Restaurant Aristokrat Halo Halo World Cafe and a branch of FV Foods There are several stores that specialize in Filipino goods and many Asian supermarkets carry Filipino products The Philippine National Bank has an office in Mississauga There are many professional offices mainly dental and law offices Mississauga plays host to many Filipino cultural events Mississauga has two Filipino community centres Kalayaan Community Centre and The Fiesta Filipina Centre for the Arts Mississauga Valley Park host many community events including Kalayaan Independence Day Picnic and the Philippine Colleges and Universities Alumni Associations Summerfest Quebec Edit Montreal Edit Montreal 9 the largest city in Quebec also hosts the larges Filipino community in the province of Quebec The sixth largest Filipino community in Canada Montreal is home to nearly 44 000 Filipinos Filipinos in Montreal are concentrated in the Snowdon neighbourhood and around Decarie Expressway both areas have many Filipino establishments and professional offices The Filipino Association of Montreal and Suburbs is an advocacy group for Filipino Canadians active in and around the city of Montreal It is the oldest such association in Quebec 10 Hong Kong Edit Main article Filipinos in Hong Kong Indonesia Edit Main article Filipinos in Indonesia Italy Edit See also Filipino Italian In Palermo Italy the predominantly Filipino quarter is called Little Tondo 11 Italy is home to 250 000 Filipinos Japan Edit In Takenotsuka Adachi ward Tokyo there is an unrecognised Little Manila which is mainly Filipino pubs Malaysia Edit See also Filipinos in Malaysia Due to the close geographical location Malaysia is home to one of the largest Filipino community in the world which estimate to be around 245 000 and 637 000 individuals 12 13 The presence of the Filipinos in Malaysia has been continuous since antiquity The Filipinos are mainly concentrated in the eastern shores in Sabah where the influence is evident spurning ghettos in the state such as in Pulau Gaya Another sizable community also resides in the Kuala Lumpur metropolitan region The Filipinos in Malaysia are represented in all walks of life beginning from the refugees from the south to professionals Saudi Arabia Edit There are many cities in Saudi Arabia where Filipinos have made businesses For example in Al Khobar in the eastern province Filipinos are the majority of the visitors in Al Ramaniyah Mall where one will find the only Jollibee Restaurant in Eastern Province There are several Philippine eateries or restaurants in the city There are also Filipino stores named Kadiwa where they sell Philippine products and vegetables such as kangkong and malunggay In the city of Jeddah there is a place called Balad along Jeddah City Center and Jeddah International Market along Madinah Road where Filipinos gather the most during weekends Surrounded with shopping malls which caters to mainly Filipino customers you will find everything Filipino from restaurants groceries and goods from the Philippines There are three Jollibee Restaurants in Jeddah alone which makes it for Filipinos in Jeddah less likely to miss their comfort Filipino cuisines from home citation needed Singapore Edit See also Filipinos in Singapore An unrecognised Little Manila exists at the Lucky Plaza where there are numerous Filipino restaurants remittance agencies Filipino beauty salons Filipino medical offices and Filipino stores 14 South Korea Edit A Little Manila exists in the city of Seoul where many Filipinos work and live 15 The main area where Filipinos congregate and mingle is in the Hyehwa 혜화동 area of Seoul near the Hyehwa Catholic Church on Sundays Outside the church on the Hyehwa rotary before and after mass there are many stalls selling various balikbayan goods from the Philippines as well as the United States and some stalls selling snacks and food 16 Spain Edit See also Spanish people of Filipino ancestry The district of Tetuan in Madrid is home to the city s largest concentration of Filipinos 17 with Filipinos forming the largest immigrant group in four of the district s six neighborhoods 18 In Barcelona the majority of Filipinos living in the city is concentrated in the northern half of El Raval 19 which is reportedly home to fifteen percent of all Filipino citizens in Spain and is also home to most of the local community s cultural and social institutions 20 Taiwan Edit There are about 77 933 Filipino workers in Taiwan with 53 868 of them working in the manufacturing sector and 22 994 people working as caregivers 21 In Taipei Little Manila is located in Zhongshan North Road Zhongshan District Shops and stalls that cater the needs of the Filipino expatriates were established near the Saint Christopher s Roman Catholic Church as most of the church goers are Filipinos or locals with Filipino lineage Balut is also sold in this location in Taipei United Arab Emirates Edit The district of Karama and Satwa in Dubai is home to thousands of Filipinos working in Dubai St Mary s Church is the focal meeting point of the Filipino community citation needed United Kingdom Edit See also Filipinos in the United Kingdom The largest Filipino community in the United Kingdom is in and around London based around Earl s Court Other towns and cities with significant Filipino communities include Liverpool Manchester Birmingham Leeds and Barrow in Furness Fiestas are held during June July and August in various cities throughout the UK The biggest and longest running Filipino festival in the UK is The Barrio Fiesta sa London held every year in Lampton Park Hounslow West London usually in the month of July This event organised by The Philippine Centre a voluntary non governmental organisation and registered charity in the UK has been going strong since 1985 It used to be a one day event on a Sunday but since 2003 it was extended to two days covering the weekend of both Saturday and Sunday in order to accommodate all those attending due to a huge boost in visitors and the ever increasing number of Filipinos in the UK The Barrio Fiesta sa London is now in its 39th year as of 2023 citation needed United States Edit Main article Filipino American California Edit The 2010 U S Census counted approximately 1 2 million Filipino Americans not including multiracial persons in California by far the largest number in the United States 22 Greater Los Angeles is the metropolitan area home to the most Filipino Americans with the population numbering over 600 000 23 Los Angeles County alone accounts for 374 285 Filipinos 23 the most of any single county in the United States The San Francisco Bay Area is the metropolitan area with the second largest number of Filipino Americans in the U S with a population of over 460 000 as of the 2010 Census 23 Elsewhere in California San Diego County has the second largest Filipino American population of any county in the nation with a population of about 180 000 and Stockton in the Central Valley has a significant and historic Filipino population 23 Although there s no Little Manila there s a large Filipino community in Delano north of Bakersfield in the San Joaquin Valley it has a Filipino cultural community center 24 and an annual Filipino festival 25 Greater Los Angeles Edit Main article Historic Filipinotown Los Angeles Greater Los Angeles is the metropolitan area home to the most Filipinos outside of the Philippines with the population numbering around 606 657 26 Los Angeles County alone accounts for over 374 285 Filipinos 27 the most of any single county in the United States 28 Greater Los Angeles is also home to the largest number of Filipino immigrants 16 percent of the total Filipino immigrant population of the United States as of 2011 29 Filipinos are the largest group of Asian Americans in the region The City of Los Angeles designated a section of Westlake as Historic Filipinotown in 2002 Historic Filipinotown is now largely populated by Hispanic and Latino Americans with most Filipinos who once resided in the area and the city in general having moved to the suburbs 30 31 32 In 2014 about a quarter of Historic Filipinotown s population is Filipino however the population does not have a significant visible cultural impact 33 The San Gabriel Valley is home to a large population of Filipino Americans particularly in the cities of West Covina Walnut Diamond Bar Rowland Heights and Chino Hills 34 35 36 Other large concentrations of Filipino Americans in Los Angeles County can be found in the South Bay area in the cities of Long Beach and Carson 37 38 where Larry Itliong Day was dedicated 39 Panorama City in the San Fernando Valley and the Cerritos Norwalk La Palma area 35 36 40 The city of Glendale and Eagle Rock neighborhood of Los Angeles is home to a large Filipino community The Westfield Eagle Rock Plaza Mall has a section with a number of Filipino businesses such as Seafood City Jollibee Leelin Bakery Chow King and Cebuana Lhullier alongside a Macy s and Target store Orange County also has a sizable and growing Filipino population 41 whose population grew by 178 percent in the 1980s Large populations in the county can be found in the cities of Buena Park Anaheim and Irvine 42 And also the Inland Empire California region such as Riverside Moreno Valley the Coachella Valley 43 and Mojave Desert 44 Historic Filipinotown is a district of Los Angeles California located between the neighborhoods of Westlake and Echo Park The district s boundaries are defined by the 101 Freeway to the north Beverly Boulevard to the south Hoover Street to the west and Glendale Boulevard to the east northwest of Downtown Los Angeles It was created by a resolution proposed by city council member Eric Garcetti on August 2 2002 The crosswalks in Filipinotown are decorated with traditional Filipino basket weaving patterns Historic Filipinotown is one of the few areas where Filipinos first settled in Los Angeles during the early part of the 20th century Many Filipino American families began purchasing homes and establishing businesses in the area beginning from the 1940s shifting away from the Little Tokyo area in the 1920s and the Bunker Hill area later In modern times Historic Filipinotown reflects the polyglot nature of Los Angeles While the district still has a sizable Filipino population they are in the minority overshadowed by a sizable Mexican and Central American population Nevertheless the area still has one of the highest concentrations of Filipino Americans in Southern California and still remains the cultural heart of Filipinos throughout Los Angeles Of the 100 000 Filipinos that reside in the City of Los Angeles an estimated 6 900 are within Historic Filipinotown The Historic Filipinotown Chamber of Commerce leads the effort for commercial expansion in the area Many Filipino service organizations and institutions such as the Remy s on Temple Art Gallery Tribal Cafe Pilipino Workers Center PWC Filipino American Community of Los Angeles FACLA People s CORE Filipino American Service Group Inc FASGI Search to Involve Pilipino Americans SIPA and the Filipino American Library FAL are located in Historic Filipinotown The area is also host to many Filipino restaurants medical clinics and churches including St Columban Filipino Church the first Filipino Catholic church in the United States founded in 1946 San Francisco Bay Area Edit Until the 1970s there existed a Manilatown in San Francisco one of its last remnants was the International Hotel 45 In 2004 part of Kearny Street in San Francisco was designated Manilatown 46 In April 2016 the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adopted a resolution that established the SOMA Pilipinas Filipino Cultural Heritage District located in San Francisco s South of Market neighborhood 47 Daly City on the Peninsula region of the Bay Area has the highest concentration of Filipino Americans of any municipality in the mainland United States Filipino Americans comprise 33 of the city s population plus another 10 of Filipino descent as of 2010 It also has a place in the vernacular as the Pinoy capital as well as a sister city of Quezon City Philippines 48 Directly surrounding Daly City and spanning southeast into the Peninsula subregion are other cities that have significant Filipino American populations such as Colma Broadmoor South San Francisco and San Bruno where Filipino Americans form 24 23 20 2 and 15 of the total population respectively 49 The Peninsula city of Redwood City is home to the Filipino television networks of ABS CBN and The Filipino Channel TFC Another cluster with a high concentration of Filipino Americans is centered on Vallejo the largest city in Solano County and just north across the Carquinez Bridge of the East Bay in the eastern part of the North Bay Vallejo has a population of 116 000 21 of which are Filipino Americans Many towns around Vallejo also have high populations American Canyon just to the north is almost 30 Filipino American To the south on the northernmost tip of the East Bay are several towns that many Filipino Americans call home such as Hercules with 25 1 and with at least 10 Filipino American Rodeo Pinole and Pittsburg 49 The suburbanization of the Filipino American population has also resulted in many living within a large swath of land that includes the southern portion of the East Bay and much of Santa Clara County which is the county with the largest Filipino American population in the Bay Area although this is in some part due to San Jose having nearly one million residents with 5 6 being Filipino Americans 50 Just north of Santa Clara County in the southern third of the East Bay are several cities with high populations Union City in particular with 20 1 Filipino Americans but also with over 9 of the total population Alameda Hayward Newark and San Leandro 49 San Diego Edit In the early 20th century Filipinos were concentrated in Downtown San Diego particularly around Market Street 51 the area was known as skid row 52 In the 21st century Filipino Americans form the largest Asian American subgroup in San Diego County at almost 6 of the entire county population San Diego has historically been a popular destination for Filipino immigrants and has contributed to the growth of its population 53 National City a city bordering the south boundary of San Diego has a large concentration of Filipino residents 54 forming almost 17 of the population as of the 2010 Census 49 Other concentrations include the neighborhoods of Mira Mesa often referred to as Manila Mesa 55 Rancho Penasquitos Paradise Hills and along Plaza Boulevard in National City 56 A portion of California State Route 54 in San Diego is officially named the Filipino American Highway in honor of the Filipino American Community 57 Stockton Edit Main article Little Manila Stockton California Stockton in the northern San Joaquin Valley is home to a historic Filipino population that dates back to the 1930s As of 2010 Filipinos made up 7 2 of Stockton s population 58 New York Edit Main article Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region New York State s cumulative Filipino population is at 200 000 mostly within the New York City area Within New York City Queens contains the most number of Filipinos in the Empire State To a lesser extent Filipino communities are also present in Nassau Suffolk and Rockland counties Woodside Queens Edit Krystal s Cafe and Johnny Air Cargo shops on Roosevelt Avenue Woodside Queens New York The Phil Am grocery store in Woodside Queens New York Woodside Queens is known for its concentration of Filipinos known as Filipinotown or Little Manila Along the 7 line known colloquially as the International Express the 69th Street station serves as the gateway to Queens very own Little Manila This area attracts many local Filipinos and non Filipinos alike and from neighboring places of Long Island Connecticut Pennsylvania and New Jersey The coverage of Little Manila is along Roosevelt Avenue from 63rd Street to 71st Street Filipino cafes and restaurants dominate the area as well as several freight and remittance centers scattered throughout the neighborhood Other Filipino owned businesses including professional services medical dental optical driving schools beauty salons immigration services and video rental places providing the latest movies from the Philippines dot the community citation needed Restaurants such as Ihawan Perlas ng Silangan Renee s Kitchenette Fritzie s Bakeshop Fiesta Grill Barrio Fiesta and Krystal s Cafe are the most popular ones while Philippine remittance and shipping centers such as Johnny Air Cargo FRS Edwards Travel Apholo Shippers Macro Philippine National Bank and Metrobank are present in the area 59 Establishments such as Eyellusion Jefelli Photo and Video Manila Phil Am Driving Santos Medical Clinic Luz Vi Minda Marlyn s Beauty Salon Marry Indo Beauty Salon Freddy Lucero Beauty Salon Dimple Beauty Salon Bambina Salon Jan Mar Technologies Don s Professional Services Casino Law Office Kulay at Gupit Phil Am Foodmart Mabuhay Filipino Store and Nepa Q Mart are also there to serve the thriving Filipino American community 60 Jollibee a famous fast food chain in the Philippines opened its first branch in New York in February 2009 selecting Woodside Queens 61 Red Ribbon Bakeshop a sister company of Jollibee followed suit in January 2010 BPI Getz Travel Lucky Money Remittance an office of TFC and Papa s Kitchen that offers KAMAYAN night every Friday and Saturday featured in The NY Times on October 9 2013 Dining Hungry City on 65th Place amp Woodside have also opened in Woodside s Little Manila 62 In February 2008 the Bayanihan Filipino Community Center opened its doors in Woodside a project spearheaded by the Philippine Forum 63 The Philippine Forum also hosts an annual festival at the Hart Playground in commemoration of Filipino American History Month 64 Other Filipino businesses that exist in Woodside but are not within the Little Manila area are Engeline s a Filipino restaurant at 59th Street and Roosevelt Avenue Tito Rad s Restaurant at Queens Boulevard and 50th Street Payag Restaurant on 52nd Street Roosevelt Avenue Lourdess Restaurant on 58th Street and 37th Avenue and Papa s Kitchen on 65th Place and Woodside Avenue 65 On June 12 2022 a sign unveiling ceremony and celebration was held at the intersection of 70th Street and Roosevelt Avenue to commemorate the presence and contributions of the Filipino community in Queens The corner was co named Little Manila Avenue 66 Manhattan Edit Philippine Center in New York City The Philippine Consulate of New York has a multipurpose role aside from its governmental duties and functions it also caters to many events of the Filipino American community and has a school called Paaralan sa Konsulado School at the consulate which teaches new generation Filipino Americans about their culture and language It is known just as the Philippine Center instead of the consulate The Philippine Center s newly renovated large edifice is situated in Fifth Avenue in Manhattan and is open to the public on business days and closed on Philippine and American holidays The building itself is considered as the largest foreign consulate on the strip of the avenue citation needed New York City also hosts the annual Philippine Independence Day Parade along Madison Avenue on the first Sunday of June It is also said to be one of the largest parades of any kind in the city and the largest Philippine celebration in the United States citation needed This celebration is a combination of a parade and a street fair Madison Avenue bursts on this day with Filipino culture colors and people and is attended by many important political figures entertainers civic groups etc Former Mayor Rudy Giuliani and Senator Charles Schumer are devout attendees of this annual parade citation needed A Filipino restaurant to open in Manhattan is the Bayan Cafe around Midtown 2006 67 Grill 21 is a popular Filipino restaurant located on the East Side of Manhattan citation needed In the East Village and Lower East Side there was a significant Filipino migration in the late 1980s due to mass recruitment of Filipino medical professionals to area hospitals notably New York Eye and Ear Infirmary St Vincent s Hospital and Beth Israel Medical Center Migration was spurred by the hospitals offer of subsidized housing to employees in the midst of ongoing rent strikes in the neighborhood The burgeoning Little Manila centered on 1st Avenue and 14th Street around which there were at the peak a number of grocer and video rental stores and Filipino restaurants within a few blocks of one another Filipino American community relations were strengthened by local Roman Catholic churches in the East Village and Gramercy area As rents increased and properties were taken over by New York University the number of Filipinos and Filipino businesses in East Village Little Manila waned Elvie s Turo Turo the longest standing Filipino business in the area closed in late 2009 after almost 20 years of operation New Filipino business continue to sprout up 68 The Archdiocese of New York designated a chapel named after the first Filipino Saint Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila for the Filipino Apostolate Officially designated as the Church of Filipinos or the Chapel of San Lorenzo Ruiz is the second in the United States and only the third in the world dedicated as such citation needed New Jersey Edit A Philippine Grocery in Jersey City NJ New Jersey is home to a Filipino population numbering at more than 100 000 statewide according to the 2000 U S Census This number may have been closing in to the 200 000 level in 2006 due to a high birth rate among Filipino Americans and 8 000 Filipino immigrants annually While Filipinos can be found across the state the commercial districts catering to the Filipino community are found mostly in the state s urban areas State and local governments in the Garden State have significant number of employees of Filipino background and they play a vital role in the state s affairs issues and commerce citation needed Filipino enclaves exist in Jersey City Bergenfield Passaic Union City and Elizabeth The Meadowlands Exposition Center in Secaucus hosts the annual Philippine Fiesta a cultural event that draws Filipinos and non Filipinos alike from across the New York metropolitan area The event takes place on the weekend of the second week of August citation needed Jersey City Edit Jersey City is home to a high ptofile Little Manila Seven per cent 7 of Jersey City s population is Filipino 69 The Five Corners district has a thriving Filipino community which is the largest Asian American subgroup in the city citation needed Newark Avenue s strip of Filipino culture and commerce dwarfs that of New York City A variety of Filipino restaurants shippers and freighters doctors officers bakeries stores and even an office of The Filipino Channel made Newark Avenue their home The largest Filipino owned grocery store on the east coast Phil Am Food has been there since 1973 An array of Filipino owned businesses can also be found at the section of West Side where many of its residents are of Filipino descent In 2006 a Red Ribbon pastry shop one of the Philippines most famous food chains opened its first branch on the East Coast in the Garden State 70 Manila Avenue in Downtown Jersey City was named for the Philippine city because of the many Filipinos who built their homes on this street during the 1970s A memorial dedicated to the Filipino American veterans of the Vietnam War was built in a small square on Manila Avenue A park and statue dedicated to Jose P Rizal the national hero of the Philippines exists in downtown Jersey City 71 Jersey City is the host of the annual Philippine American Friendship Day Parade an event that occurs yearly in June on its last Sunday The City Hall of Jersey City raises the Philippine flag in correlation to this event and as a tribute to the contributions of the Filipino community The Santacruzan Procession along Manila Avenue has taken place since 1977 72 Bergenfield Edit Bergenfield is informally known as the Little Manila of Bergen County 73 Of the 14 224 Filipino population in the county as a whole 3 133 22 of the county total live in Bergenfield 74 75 It is home to many Filipino businesses particularly restaurants and bakeshops Red Ribbon a popular bakeshop in the Philippines will open its second branch in Bergenfield after Jersey City citation needed Edison Edit Edison in Middlesex County New Jersey has emerged as a growing hub for Filipinos since 2000 76 A significant number of Filipinos in Middlesex County work in the burgeoning healthcare and other life science disciplines at Central Jersey s numerous medical and pharmaceutical institutions Oregon Edit Portland and Beaverton Edit Portland is considered as a focal point of Filipino businesses There are Filipino restaurants and stores in Portland and Beaverton One Filipino restaurant is called Tambayan Restaurant and Mart 77 Hawaii Edit Hawaii is known for its demographic structure in which it does not have a specific majority group The Filipino American community make up about 23 of the state s entire population and is second to their Japanese American counterparts Its geographic confines contain as many as 275 000 Filipinos 2000 census 78 and receives a yearly 4 000 new Filipino immigrants The Filipino Community Center is the largest Filipino establishment of any kind in the United States It is celebrating the Filipino Centennial which commemorates 100 years of Filipino immigration and contributions to the state 79 The census designated place of Waipahu on the island of Oahu has a majority Filipino population Many of them are immigrants of the Philippines and the streets of Waipahu have many small Filipino owned businesses Waipahu could be considered as Hawaii s Little Manila 85 of the Filipino American population in Hawaii are of Ilocano descent citation needed Kansas City Metropolitan Area Edit The Kansas City metropolitan area is thought to be home to a Filipino community 80 and it has the Fiesta Filipina event held every June 81 New Filipinotowns Edit There has been when a surge of Filipino immigration to various cities Las Vegas is now home to some 90 000 Filipinos mostly living throughout the Las Vegas Valley Henderson Las Vegas and the overall Clark County The article also references the following cities as having had a surge of new Filipino immigration Seattle New York City Chicago Orlando Florida New Orleans Houston Fort Wayne Indiana Portland Oregon Virginia Beach 82 See also EditEthnic enclave Overseas Filipino Balikbayan boxNotes EditReferences Edit Rick Bonus 2000 Locating Filipino Americans Ethnicity and the Cultural Politics of Space ISBN 9781566397797 Ph D Kevin L Nadal July 15 2010 Filipino American Psychology A Collection of Personal Narratives AuthorHouse ISBN 9781452001906 via Google Books Jon Sterngass 2007 Filipino Americans ISBN 9781438107110 Government of Canada Statistics Canada January 15 2001 Census Program www12 statcan gc ca NHS Profile 0029 00 Manitoba 2011 Statistics Canada NHS Profile 0030 00 Manitoba 2011 Statistics Canada Petz Sarah Filipinos find a home in Winnipeg as family ties drive immigration in Manitoba National Post May 29 2014 Winnipeg architect has a vision for a future Filipino district in city CBC News https www cbc ca news canada montreal montreal filipino community more inclusion 1 6320284 Marlene Birao Schachter Archived March 14 2008 at the Wayback Machine Official GMA TV Network iGMA tv retrieved on 12 June 2007 Uy Vernoica 6 February 2009 No foreign workers layoffs in Malaysia Global Enquirer Archived from the original on 9 February 2009 Retrieved 16 February 2009 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Filipino workers in Malaysia The Non Aligned Movement Philippines Office of the Press Secretary 2003 Archived from the original on 2009 04 23 Retrieved 2008 11 19 Lucky Plaza The Little Manila in Singapore axiomfrenzysingapore Blogspot com Retrieved 13 February 2017 Page not found mary eats MaryEats com Archived from the original on 18 February 2012 Retrieved 13 February 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Cite uses generic title help Youthful vibes and artistic endeavors merge in an area that never sleeps Seoul Metropolitan Government Archived from the original on July 5 2007 Retrieved 6 May 2009 Los filipinos ya son los extranjeros mayoritarios en Tetuan y los chinos en Arganzuela Filipinos are now the largest group of foreigners in Tetuan and the Chinese in Arganzuela in Spanish Europa Press April 10 2016 Retrieved October 15 2021 Los chinos ya son los extranjeros mayoritarios en 19 barrios madrilenos y los filipinos en 8 The Chinese are now the largest group of foreigners in 19 Madrid neighborhoods and the Filipinos in 8 La Vanguardia in Spanish April 29 2018 Retrieved October 15 2021 Marquez Daniel Carlos November 20 2020 Filipinos la comunidad silente de Barcelona Filipinos the silent community of Barcelona El Periodico de Catalunya in Spanish Retrieved October 15 2021 Pareja Pol Calvo Sonia May 30 2020 220 menus diarios y lo que haga falta la discreta red de ayuda entre los filipinos para evitar el colapso de la comunidad 220 meals of the day and whatever is needed the discreet help network between Filipinos to avert community collapse elDiario es in Spanish Retrieved October 15 2021 Pinoy OFW Overseas Filipino Workers News Jun Medina 8 July 2011 CA home to 1 2M Pinoys FilAm Star Retrieved 5 January 2012 a b c d ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS 2010 Census U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on 12 February 2020 Retrieved 5 January 2012 Filipino Community Cultural Center Of Delano Filipino Community Cultural Center Of Delano Filipino community festival begins Thursday in Delano Story Archived from the original on 2017 09 11 Retrieved 2017 09 11 Los Angeles Long Beach Riverside CA CSA California 2010 Census Summary File 2 U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on 10 December 2014 Retrieved 9 December 2014 Filipino alone or in any combination 2010 Census Summary File 2 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on 10 December 2014 Retrieved 9 December 2014 Larry Hajime Shinagawa Michael Jang 1998 Atlas of American Diversity Rowman Altamira p 46 ISBN 978 0 7619 9128 1 Stoney Sierra Batalova Jeanne 5 June 2013 Filipino Immigrants in the United States Migration Information Source Migration Policy Institute ISSN 1946 4037 Retrieved 20 December 2014 Carina Monica Montoya 2009 Los Angeles s Historic Filipinotown Arcadia Publishing p 7 ISBN 978 0 7385 6954 3 Laura Pulido Laura R Barraclough Wendy Cheng 2012 A People s Guide to Los Angeles University of California Press p 27 ISBN 978 0 520 27081 7 Pyong Gap Min 2006 Asian Americans Contemporary Trends and Issues SAGE Publications p 188 ISBN 978 1 4129 0556 5 Trinidad Elson 2 August 2012 L A s Historic Filipinotown Turns Ten What s Changed KCET Retrieved 2 December 2014 Arax Mark 5 April 1987 San Gabriel Valley Asian Influx Alters Life in Suburbia Los Angeles Times Retrieved 1 December 2014 Farther east in Hacienda Heights Rowland Heights Walnut and West Covina full fledged Korean and Filipino communities that are among the largest in the state have taken root a b Paul M Ong Edna Bonacich Lucie Cheng The New Asian Immigration in Los Angeles and Global Restructuring Temple University Press p 121 ISBN 978 1 4399 0158 8 a b Xiaojian Zhao Edward J W Park Ph D 26 November 2013 Asian Americans An Encyclopedia of Social Cultural Economic and Political History 3 volumes An Encyclopedia of Social Cultural Economic and Political History ABC CLIO pp 1039 1042 ISBN 978 1 59884 240 1 Kevin Nadal 23 March 2011 Filipino American Psychology A Handbook of Theory Research and Clinical Practice John Wiley amp Sons p 27 ISBN 978 1 118 01977 1 Darryl V Caterine 1 January 2001 Conservative Catholicism and the Carmelites Identity Ethnicity and Tradition in the Modern Church Indiana University Press p 43 ISBN 0 253 34011 X Florante Peter Ibanez Roselyn Estepa Ibanez 2009 Filipinos in Carson and the South Bay Arcadia Publishing p 8 ISBN 978 0 7385 7036 5 Ochoa Cecile Caguingin 3 November 2013 Carson California commemoration caps Fil Am history month Inquirer Retrieved 1 December 2014 After all it is reputed to be the fourth city in the US with the highest percentage of Filipinos approximately 20 000 out of its total 92 000 residents Texeira Erin 27 November 2000 Carson a Model of Multiracial Politics Hit by Discord Los Angeles Times Retrieved 1 December 2014 In recent decades Filipino newcomers have arrived at a rapid rate now making up about 20 percent of Carson s population and 24 percent of the teens at the high school according to city estimates Xiaojian Zhao Edward J W Park Ph D 26 November 2013 Asian Americans An Encyclopedia of Social Cultural Economic and Political History 3 volumes An Encyclopedia of Social Cultural Economic and Political History ABC CLIO p 578 ISBN 978 1 59884 240 1 Robert Marich 18 April 2005 Marketing to Moviegoers A Handbook of Strategies Used by Major Studios and Independents CRC Press p 267 ISBN 978 1 136 06862 1 Rhonda Phillips Robert H Pittman 2 December 2008 An Introduction to Community Development Routledge p 337 ISBN 978 1 135 97722 1 Rhacel Salazar Parrenas 10 August 2008 The Force of Domesticity Filipina Migrants and Globalization NYU Press p 96 ISBN 978 0 8147 6789 4 Kathie Bozanich 16 June 1991 Asian Population in Orange County Los Angeles Times Retrieved 15 October 2012 Census 2000 Demographic Profile II PDF Center for Demographic Research City of Anaheim August 2012 Archived from the original PDF on 7 December 2012 Retrieved 15 October 2012 O C s top 10 immigrant populations Orange County Register 18 January 2012 Retrieved 15 October 2012 Asian Population in Orange County Los Angeles Times 16 June 1991 Retrieved 9 December 2014 Clipped From The Desert Sun November 30 2009 p 1 via newspapers com Asian American Riverside UCR edu Retrieved 13 February 2017 Harrell Ashley 30 April 2011 The International Hotel New York Times Retrieved 25 April 2018 Franko Kantele 4 August 2007 I Hotel 30 years later Manilatown legacy honored San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved 25 April 2018 Estrella Cicero A 28 July 2004 SAN FRANCISCO Manilatown will rise again 2 blocks of Kearny designated to honor Filipino immigrants San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved 25 April 2018 History SOMA PILIPINAS Retrieved 2020 03 09 Terrezas Alexis 19 March 2011 After 100 years Daly City reflects on history of diversity San Francisco Examiner Archived from the original on 29 May 2012 Retrieved 15 May 2011 a b c d California Filipino Population Percentage City Rank Based on US Census 2010 data USA com Retrieved 13 February 2017 Gonzalez Joaquin Lucero 2009 Filipino American faith in action immigration religion and civic engagement NYU Press p 26 ISBN 978 0 8147 3197 0 Retrieved 27 April 2011 Ruben G Rumbaut Alejandro Portes 10 September 2001 Ethnicities Children of Immigrants in America University of California Press p 162 ISBN 978 0 520 23012 5 Guevarra Jr Rudy P Winter 2008 Skid Row Filipinos Race and the Social Construction of Space in San Diego PDF The Journal of San Diego History 54 1 26 38 Retrieved 22 May 2018 Baker Lee D 2004 Life in America identity and everyday experience Malden Massachusetts Wiley Blackwell p 198 ISBN 978 1 4051 0564 4 Retrieved 27 April 2011 Dr Ofelia Dirige 17 Dec 2010 Grocery Stores Can Impact Obesity Among Filipino Americans Asian Journal Professional Series Willy Santos Pro Skater Bakitwhy com Kasama Media LLC 3 March 2009 Retrieved 7 March 2012 Mira Mesa CA is a region in North County San Diego for its visible and largely Pilipina o population Linda Trinh Vo 2004 Mobilizing an Asian American Community Temple University Press p 32 ISBN 978 1 59213 262 1 Assembly Concurrent Resolution No 157 PDF California Secretary of State Archived from the original PDF on 30 January 2010 Retrieved 22 June 2008 Bureau U S Census U S Census website Census gov Retrieved 13 February 2017 Do What Should We 2017 06 14 A Culinary Tour of Little Manila in Woodside Queens What Should We Do Retrieved 2019 10 10 The New York Times gt Dining amp Wine gt 25 and Under Filipino Comfort Food in Woodside The New York Times Retrieved 13 February 2017 Foggin Mark 15 February 2009 Fast Food for the Filipino Soul The New York Times Retrieved 11 May 2010 Mishan Ligaya 3 October 2013 Hungry City Papa s Kitchen in Queens The New York Times Asian Journal AsianJournal com Retrieved 13 February 2017 ストレス社会を生き抜く ストレスばかり溜まる BayanihanFestival com Retrieved 13 February 2017 LIFE IN LITTLE MANILA Queens Chronicle Retrieved 2019 10 10 Woodside Street Corner to Be Co Named Little Manila Avenue Next Month in Celebration of Filipino Community Sunnyside Post 2022 05 27 Retrieved 2022 06 12 HugeDomains com BayanCafe com is for sale Bayan Cafe BayanCafe com Retrieved 13 February 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Cite uses generic title help Bar goes mainstream Manhattan PhilippineNews com retrieved on February 26 2010 Archived from the original on December 21 2010 The History of Filipino Americans in Jersey City FilipinoHome com Retrieved 13 February 2017 Manila Standard ManilaStandardToday com 13 February 2006 Retrieved 13 February 2017 rizal statue jersey city Search results from HighBeam Research HighBeam com Archived from the original on 25 January 2013 Retrieved 13 February 2017 Amid Delays 33rd Annual Santacruzan procession circles downtown neighborhood NJ com 30 May 2011 Retrieved 13 February 2017 Stevens Jean Popular roast pig finds a following in North Jersey Herald News September 12 2007 Accessed December 8 2007 One might find more lechon in Passaic these days The city may be North Jersey s next so called Little Manila following Bergenfield Bloomfield and Belleville Filipino Population by County Archived 2005 12 25 at the Wayback Machine Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark Accessed April 10 2006 Bergenfield Population and Demographics Bergenfield NJ AreaConnect com Retrieved 13 February 2017 Minjae Park August 14 2016 Fiesta in America gives North Jersey Filipinos a taste of home North Jersey Media Group Retrieved August 14 2016 Filipino Stores in Hillsboro Beaverton Portland Oregon TheFilipino com Retrieved 13 February 2017 Star Bulletin Honolulu 11 December 2005 StarBulletin com Editorial 2005 12 11 StarBulletin com Retrieved 13 February 2017 FilipinosInHawaii100 Org Archived from the original on 15 June 2017 Retrieved 13 February 2017 Filipino Association of Greater Kansas City Filipino Association org Retrieved 13 February 2017 Fiesta Filipina Eventful com Retrieved 13 February 2017 Sterngass Jon October 25 2007 Filipino Americans Infobase Publishing ISBN 9781438107110 via Google Books Further reading EditAnatalio C Ubalde 1997 Filipino American Enclaves and the Development of a Filipino American Center University of California Berkeley External links Editwww littlemanila org www manilatown org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Little Manila amp oldid 1141881360, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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