Mandeali (Takri: 𑚢𑚘𑚶𑚖𑚮𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯) is a language spoken in northern India, predominantly in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh by the people of the Mandi Valley and particularly in the major city of Mandi. Other spellings for the name are Mandiyali and Mandiali. UNESCO reports it is one of the highly endangered languages of India.[3] Speakers of the dialect have decreased by 21% from 1961 to 2001.
The language is closely related to Kangri. The Chambealic varieties are often considered separate languages, but at least some are 90–95% intelligible with Mandeali proper.[4]
A light-hearted interview about Mandeali where Ishan Kashyap Hazarika is asking questions in Hindi and the interviewee is answering, largely, in Mandeali, shot at the Hidimba Devi Temple, Manali, India.
Preliminary survey suggests speakers have functional intelligibility of Kangri. People in southeast Mandi district may have more difficulty understanding Kangri. Standard Mandeali is spoken throughout the broad valley running north and south from Jogindernagar to Sundarnagar. Mandeali Pahari is spoken north around Barot, east of Uhl River. Intelligible with difficulty to standard Mandeali. May be intermediate variety between Mandeali and Kullui. Southeast district contains transition to Mahasui. In the west, Sarkaghat is also a bit different from standard Mandeali, perhaps forming a transition towards Hamirpur and Bilaspur areas. Lexical similarity: 89% with Palampuri dialect of Kangri, 83% with Chambeali.[5]
Traditionally, the month formats is based on Hindu calendar.
List of Months in Mandeali
मंडयाली
Transliteration
English
चइतर
chaitar
March-April
बसाख
basākh
April-May
जेठ
jeṭh
May-June
हाह्ड़
hāhṛ
June-July
साओण
sāoṇ
July-August
भाद्रो
bhādro
August-September
सौज
sauj
September-October
कातक
kātak
October-November
मंगसर
mangsar
November-December
पौस
paus
December-January
माघ
māgh
January-February
फागण
phāgaṇ
February-March
Names of days
Days are generally indic.
List of days in Mandeali
मंडयाली
Transliteration
English
त्वार
Twār
Sunday
सोमबार
Sombār
Monday
मंगळबार
Mangaḷbār
Tuesday
बुद्धबार
Buddhbār
Wednesday
बीरबार
Bīrbār
Thursday
सुक्करबार
Sukkarbār
Friday
सनिचर
Sanichar
Saturday
•Twār is a loan word from Urdu (Itwār)
Status
The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali, just like many other neighbouring languages. The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Mandeali children are not learning Mandeali as their mother tongue anymore.[6]
The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.[7] There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations strive to save the language and demand it.[8] Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,[9] even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and being close to other Pahari languages such as Kahluri and Kangri.
mandeali, takri, 𑚢𑚘, 𑚖, 𑚣, 𑚥, language, spoken, northern, india, predominantly, mandi, district, himachal, pradesh, people, mandi, valley, particularly, major, city, mandi, other, spellings, name, mandiyali, mandiali, unesco, reports, highly, endangered, langu. Mandeali Takri 𑚢𑚘 𑚖 𑚣 𑚥 is a language spoken in northern India predominantly in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh by the people of the Mandi Valley and particularly in the major city of Mandi Other spellings for the name are Mandiyali and Mandiali UNESCO reports it is one of the highly endangered languages of India 3 Speakers of the dialect have decreased by 21 from 1961 to 2001 Mandealimaṇḍiyali𑚢𑚘 𑚖 𑚣 𑚥 मण ड य ल Mandeali written in Mandi Suket Takri Script 1 Native toIndiaRegionHimachal PradeshEthnicityMandyali PeopleNative speakers623 000 2011 Census 2 Language familyIndo European Indo IranianIndo AryanNorthernWestern PahariMandealiWriting systemDevanagariMandiali TakriLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code mjl class extiw title iso639 3 mjl mjl a MandealiGlottologmand1409 MandealiThis article contains Indic text Without proper rendering support you may see question marks or boxes misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text The language is closely related to Kangri The Chambealic varieties are often considered separate languages but at least some are 90 95 intelligible with Mandeali proper 4 Contents 1 Dialects 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 Grammar 3 1 Pronouns 3 2 Noun Cases 3 3 Numerals 4 Script 5 Vocabulary 5 1 Names of months 5 2 Names of days 6 Status 7 ReferencesDialects Edit source source source source source source source source A light hearted interview about Mandeali where Ishan Kashyap Hazarika is asking questions in Hindi and the interviewee is answering largely in Mandeali shot at the Hidimba Devi Temple Manali India Preliminary survey suggests speakers have functional intelligibility of Kangri People in southeast Mandi district may have more difficulty understanding Kangri Standard Mandeali is spoken throughout the broad valley running north and south from Jogindernagar to Sundarnagar Mandeali Pahari is spoken north around Barot east of Uhl River Intelligible with difficulty to standard Mandeali May be intermediate variety between Mandeali and Kullui Southeast district contains transition to Mahasui In the west Sarkaghat is also a bit different from standard Mandeali perhaps forming a transition towards Hamirpur and Bilaspur areas Lexical similarity 89 with Palampuri dialect of Kangri 83 with Chambeali 5 Phonology EditConsonants Edit Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Post alv Palatal Velar GlottalPlosive Affricate voiceless p t ʈ tʃ kaspriated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ tʃʰ kʰvoiced b d ɖ dʒ ɡbreathy bʱ dʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ gʱFricative voiceless s ʃ ɦvoicedNasal m n ɳ ŋ Lateral l ɭTrill Tap r ɽ ɽʱApproximant j w ŋ is heard when a nasal occurs before velar stops f can be heard as an allophone of pʰ Aspirated versions of m n ɳ l ɭ r w can be considered as separate phonemes Vowels Edit The vowels of Mandeali language are shown below Front Central BackClose i iː u uːMid e eː e eː o oːOpen mid ɔːOpen aːGrammar EditPronouns Edit The Pronouns of Mandeali for different person and number are 1st Person Singular ह ऊ ɦaːũ 1st Person Plural आस स asːe 2nd Person Singular त tu 2nd Person Plural त स स t usːe 3rd Person Proximate Singular ए य eː jeː 3rd Person Proximate Plural य joː 3rd Person Distal Singular स seː 3rd Person Distal Plural स य sjoː Noun Cases Edit Mandeali Hindi English Case घर gʱeːr noun 1 घर घर home Nominative2 घर घर ज घर क to home Accusative3 घर घर न Ergative 4 घर क घर कन न घर स उग घर क स थ with house Comitative5 घर ल घर ल घर स through home Instrumental6 घर कट ठ घर क ल ए for home Dative7 घर ल घर ल घर स from home Ablative8 घर र र र घर क क क of home Genetive Locatives9 घर घर म झ घर म Innesive10 घर ग स परय ल ह पर घर पर Addesive Others11 घर sing घर plural ओ घर Vocative12 घर स ह घर ज स Similative13 घर त क कर त क घर तक Terminative Numerals Edit Numeral Mandeali1 एक क ekk2 द ई dui3 त र ए trae4 च र char5 प ज panj6 छ ह chheh7 स त त satt8 आठ aṭh9 न nau10 दस das11 ग य र gyara12 ब र bara13 त हर tehra14 चउद chauda15 प द र pandra16 स ळ soḷa17 सत र satara18 ठ र ṭhara19 उन न unni20 ब ह bihScript EditThe native script of the language is a variety of Takri called Mandeali Takri Wiktionary has a category on Mandeali language Specimen in Mandeali languageVocabulary EditNames of months Edit Traditionally the month formats is based on Hindu calendar List of Months in Mandeali म डय ल Transliteration Englishचइतर chaitar March Aprilबस ख basakh April Mayज ठ jeṭh May Juneह ह ड hahṛ June Julyस ओण saoṇ July Augustभ द र bhadro August Septemberस ज sauj September Octoberक तक katak October Novemberम गसर mangsar November Decemberप स paus December Januaryम घ magh January Februaryफ गण phagaṇ February MarchNames of days Edit Days are generally indic List of days in Mandeali म डय ल Transliteration Englishत व र Twar Sundayस मब र Sombar Mondayम गळब र Mangaḷbar Tuesdayब द धब र Buddhbar Wednesdayब रब र Birbar Thursdayस क करब र Sukkarbar Fridayसन चर Sanichar Saturday Twar is a loan word from Urdu Itwar Status EditThe language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali just like many other neighbouring languages The language has no official status According to the United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO the language is of definitely endangered category i e many Mandeali children are not learning Mandeali as their mother tongue anymore 6 The demand for the inclusion of Pahari Himachali under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh had been made in the year 2010 by the state s Vidhan Sabha 7 There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations strive to save the language and demand it 8 Due to political interest the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi 9 even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and being close to other Pahari languages such as Kahluri and Kangri References Edit Grierson George Abraham Linguistic Survey Of India Volume 9 4 pp 718 719 730 Mandeali at Ethnologue 24th ed 2021 UNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in danger Unesco org Retrieved 25 August 2012 Mandeali at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Mandeali Endangered languages 15 April 2011 Pahari Inclusion Zee News Pahari Inclusion The Statesman Indian Language Census PDF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mandeali amp oldid 1153215572, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
