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Takri script

January 18, 2023

"Takri" redirects here. For The Korean Kingdom, see Takri Kingdom.

The Tฤkri script (Takri (Chamba): ๐‘š”๐‘šญ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค๐‘šฏ; Takri (Jammu/Dogra): ๐‘ ”๐‘ ฌ๐‘ Š๐‘ ค๐‘ ฎ; sometimes called Tankri ๐‘š”๐‘šญ๐‘šซ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค๐‘šฏ) is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts. It is derived from the Sharada script formerly employed for Kashmiri. It is the sister script of Laแน‡แธฤ scripts. It is another variant of Dogra Takri[1] (also known as Dogra Akkhar) employed in Jammu region. Chamba Takri was considered by Grierson as the standard form of Takri, primarily because it was the first variety that was developed for print. In addition to Chamba and Dogra, there are numerous varieties, โ€œwith each Hill State or tract having its own style.โ€[2] Until the late 1940s, the adapted version of the script (called Dogri, Dogra or Dogra Akkhar) was the official script for writing Dogri in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and for Kangri, Chambyali and Mandyali in Himachal Pradesh. However, the Takri script used in the Sirmour in Himachal Pradesh and Jaunsar-Bawar region has some distinction.

Takri
๐‘š”๐‘šญ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค๐‘šฏ, ๐‘ ”๐‘ ฌ๐‘ Š๐‘ ค๐‘ ฎ
The word 'Takri' written in Chamba Takri and Dogra Takri
Script type
Time period
16th century CE to present
Directionleft-to-rightย 
RegionIndia, Pakistan
LanguagesDogri, Kangri, Sirmauri, Chambeali, Mandeali, Jaunsari, Kullui, Bhattiyali, Churahi, Kishtwari, Gaddi, Mahasui, Pahari-Pothwari, Bhadarwahi
Related scripts
Parent systems
Child systems
Mandeali Takri, Sirmauri-Jaunsari Takri, Kulluvi Takri
Sister systems
Landa, Dogri Takri
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Takr (321), โ€‹Takri, แนฌฤkrฤซ, แนฌฤแน…krฤซ
Unicode
Unicode alias
Takri
U+11680โ€“U+116CF
[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.
ย This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ย ], /ย / and โŸจย โŸฉ, see IPA ยงย Brackets and transcription delimiters.

History

The Takri alphabet developed through the Devฤล›eแนฃa stage of the Sharada script from the 14th-18th centuries[3] and is found mainly in the Hill States such as Chamba[4] and surrounding areas, where it is called Chambyali, and in Jammu Division, where it is known as Dogri. The local Takri variants got the status of official scripts in some of the Punjab Hill States, and were used for both administrative and literary purposes until the 19th century.[3] After 1948, when Himachal Pradesh was established as an administrative unit, the local Takri variants were replaced by Devanagari.

Takri itself has historically been used to write a number of Western and Central Pahari languages in the Western Himalaya, such as Gaddi or Gaddki (the language of the Gaddi ethnic group), Kishtwari (a language, or possibly a highly idiosyncratic dialect of Kashmiri, spoken in the Kishtwar region of Jammu and Kashmir) and Chambeali (the language of the Chamba region of Himachal Pradesh). Takri used to be most prevalent script for business records and communication in various parts of Himachal Pradesh including the regions of Chintpurni, Una, Kangra, Bilaspur[5] and Hamirpur. The aged businessmen can still be found using Takri in these areas, but the younger generation have now shifted to Devanagari and even English (Roman). This change can be traced to the early days of Indian independence (1950sโˆ’80s).

ย 
Alphabet of standardized Takri

Revival movement

Since Takri fell into disuse,[6] there have been sporadic attempts to revive the script in Himachal Pradesh. Recent efforts have been made to teach the script to Himachalis.[7]

The Takri (Tankri) script was also used in cinema. The first film in Himachali dialects of Western Pahari called Saanjh directed by Ajay K Saklani released in April 2017 used Takri script in its title and beginning credits. Workshops are being conducted in small scale in the state of Himachal Pradesh, in districts like Chamba[8] and Kullu, Kangra and Shimla.[9] An organization named Sambh (Devanagari: เคธเคพเค‚เคญ) based at Dharamshala has decided to develop fonts for this script.[10][11]

A Western Pahari Corridor from Shimla to Murree has also been proposed under the Aman ki Asha initiative to link the similar Western Pahari language-based regions of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, Azad Kashmir and Pothohar Plateau and revive the script.[12][13]

The Himachal Pradesh government under the National Manuscript Mission Yojana has set up a Manuscript Resource Centre and so far 1.26 lakh (1,26,000) manuscripts, including those in Takri, have been catalogued and has decided to be digitised.[14]

Varieties

There are several regional varieties of Takri, โ€œwith each Hill State or tract having its own style โ€.[citation needed] There is considerable variation in the spellings of the names of the regional forms and the languages they represent. The names of languages have also changed, so that the names used in Grierson and other sources differ from current practices. In order to assist in the identification of languages and the forms of Takri associated with them, the language names below are denoted using ISO639-3 codes. Specimens of Takri representative of the regional form is also indicated.

The standard for the script has been the Chambeali version; which has been encoded in the Unicode.

A variety of Takri which was used for Sirmauri and Jaunsari has been proposed to be encoded in the Unicode.[15]

In Unicode

Main article: Takri (Unicode block)

Takri script was added to the Unicode Standard in 2012 (version 6.1).

Takri[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
ย  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1168x ๐‘š€ ๐‘š ๐‘š‚ ๐‘šƒ ๐‘š„ ๐‘š… ๐‘š† ๐‘š‡ ๐‘šˆ ๐‘š‰ ๐‘šŠ ๐‘š‹ ๐‘šŒ ๐‘š ๐‘šŽ ๐‘š
U+1169x ๐‘š ๐‘š‘ ๐‘š’ ๐‘š“ ๐‘š” ๐‘š• ๐‘š– ๐‘š— ๐‘š˜ ๐‘š™ ๐‘šš ๐‘š› ๐‘šœ ๐‘š ๐‘šž ๐‘šŸ
U+116Ax ๐‘š  ๐‘šก ๐‘šข ๐‘šฃ ๐‘šค ๐‘šฅ ๐‘šฆ ๐‘šง ๐‘šจ ๐‘šฉ ๐‘šช ๐‘šซ ๐‘šฌ ๐‘šญ ๐‘šฎ ๐‘šฏ
U+116Bx ๐‘šฐ ๐‘šฑ ๐‘šฒ ๐‘šณ ๐‘šด ๐‘šต ๐‘šถ ๐‘šท ๐‘šธ ๐‘šน
U+116Cx ๐‘›€ ๐‘› ๐‘›‚ ๐‘›ƒ ๐‘›„ ๐‘›… ๐‘›† ๐‘›‡ ๐‘›ˆ ๐‘›‰
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

  1. ^ Ireland, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and (1834). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society.
  2. ^ "Proposal to encode Takri script by Anshuman Pandey" (PDF).
  3. ^ a b Pandey, Anshuman (25 March 2009). "N3545: Proposal to Encode the Sharada Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
  4. ^ https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/sadh/045/0146[bare URL PDF]
  5. ^ "Takri in Land Dispute in Bilaspur".
  6. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  7. ^ "Ancient scripts of Indian Mountains fights for survival - Zee News". 16 February 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  8. ^ "Takri workshop at Chamba".
  9. ^ "Workshop at Shimla".
  10. ^ "Takri workshop at Kullu, Kangra and Saambh".
  11. ^ "Sambh Youtube Channel". YouTube.
  12. ^ "Dreaming of peace dividends: Revival of Shimla-Murree linkages - Aman Ki Asha". Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  13. ^ "Dreaming of peace dividends: Revival of Shimla-Murree linkages - The Wire". Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  14. ^ Bodh, Anand (21 August 2016). "Himachal makes efforts to save its cultural heritage". Times of India.
  15. ^ "Preliminary proposal to encode Sirmauri in Unicode" (PDF).

External resources

January 18, 2023
takri, script, takri, redirects, here, korean, kingdom, takri, kingdom, tฤkri, script, takri, chamba, ๐‘š”, ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค, takri, jammu, dogra, ๐‘ ”, ๐‘ Š๐‘ ค, sometimes, called, tankri, ๐‘š”, ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค, abugida, writing, system, brahmic, family, scripts, derived, from, sharada, script, forme. Takri redirects here For The Korean Kingdom see Takri Kingdom The Takri script Takri Chamba ๐‘š” ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค Takri Jammu Dogra ๐‘ ” ๐‘ Š๐‘ ค sometimes called Tankri ๐‘š” ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts It is derived from the Sharada script formerly employed for Kashmiri It is the sister script of Laแน‡แธa scripts It is another variant of Dogra Takri 1 also known as Dogra Akkhar employed in Jammu region Chamba Takri was considered by Grierson as the standard form of Takri primarily because it was the first variety that was developed for print In addition to Chamba and Dogra there are numerous varieties with each Hill State or tract having its own style 2 Until the late 1940s the adapted version of the script called Dogri Dogra or Dogra Akkhar was the official script for writing Dogri in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and for Kangri Chambyali and Mandyali in Himachal Pradesh However the Takri script used in the Sirmour in Himachal Pradesh and Jaunsar Bawar region has some distinction Takri๐‘š” ๐‘šŠ๐‘šค ๐‘ ” ๐‘ Š๐‘ ค The word Takri written in Chamba Takri and Dogra TakriScript typeAbugidaTime period16th century CE to presentDirectionleft to right RegionIndia PakistanLanguagesDogri Kangri Sirmauri Chambeali Mandeali Jaunsari Kullui Bhattiyali Churahi Kishtwari Gaddi Mahasui Pahari Pothwari BhadarwahiRelated scriptsParent systemsProto Sinaitic alphabet a Phoenician alphabet a Aramaic alphabet a BrahmiGuptaSaradaDevasheshaTakriChild systemsMandeali Takri Sirmauri Jaunsari Takri Kulluvi TakriSister systemsLanda Dogri TakriISO 15924ISO 15924Takr 321 Takri แนฌakri แนฌaแน…kriUnicodeUnicode aliasTakriUnicode rangeU 11680 U 116CF a The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Contents 1 History 2 Revival movement 3 Varieties 4 In Unicode 5 References 6 External resourcesHistory EditThe Takri alphabet developed through the Devaseแนฃa stage of the Sharada script from the 14th 18th centuries 3 and is found mainly in the Hill States such as Chamba 4 and surrounding areas where it is called Chambyali and in Jammu Division where it is known as Dogri The local Takri variants got the status of official scripts in some of the Punjab Hill States and were used for both administrative and literary purposes until the 19th century 3 After 1948 when Himachal Pradesh was established as an administrative unit the local Takri variants were replaced by Devanagari Takri itself has historically been used to write a number of Western and Central Pahari languages in the Western Himalaya such as Gaddi or Gaddki the language of the Gaddi ethnic group Kishtwari a language or possibly a highly idiosyncratic dialect of Kashmiri spoken in the Kishtwar region of Jammu and Kashmir and Chambeali the language of the Chamba region of Himachal Pradesh Takri used to be most prevalent script for business records and communication in various parts of Himachal Pradesh including the regions of Chintpurni Una Kangra Bilaspur 5 and Hamirpur The aged businessmen can still be found using Takri in these areas but the younger generation have now shifted to Devanagari and even English Roman This change can be traced to the early days of Indian independence 1950s 80s Alphabet of standardized TakriRevival movement EditSince Takri fell into disuse 6 there have been sporadic attempts to revive the script in Himachal Pradesh Recent efforts have been made to teach the script to Himachalis 7 The Takri Tankri script was also used in cinema The first film in Himachali dialects of Western Pahari called Saanjh directed by Ajay K Saklani released in April 2017 used Takri script in its title and beginning credits Workshops are being conducted in small scale in the state of Himachal Pradesh in districts like Chamba 8 and Kullu Kangra and Shimla 9 An organization named Sambh Devanagari เคธ เคญ based at Dharamshala has decided to develop fonts for this script 10 11 A Western Pahari Corridor from Shimla to Murree has also been proposed under the Aman ki Asha initiative to link the similar Western Pahari language based regions of Himachal Pradesh Jammu Azad Kashmir and Pothohar Plateau and revive the script 12 13 The Himachal Pradesh government under the National Manuscript Mission Yojana has set up a Manuscript Resource Centre and so far 1 26 lakh 1 26 000 manuscripts including those in Takri have been catalogued and has decided to be digitised 14 Varieties EditThere are several regional varieties of Takri with each Hill State or tract having its own style citation needed There is considerable variation in the spellings of the names of the regional forms and the languages they represent The names of languages have also changed so that the names used in Grierson and other sources differ from current practices In order to assist in the identification of languages and the forms of Takri associated with them the language names below are denoted using ISO639 3 codes Specimens of Takri representative of the regional form is also indicated Bhattiyali bht Bhateali Bhatiali Chambeali cdh Chambiali Chameali Chamiali Dogri dgo doi Dogri Gaddi gbk Bharmauri Gadi Gahri bfu Bunan Jaunsari jns Kangri xnr Kangri Kinnauri kjo Kanauri Kishtwari kas Kashtwari Kulvi kfx Kullu Kului Kullvi Mahasu bfz Kochi Kiunthali Mandeali mjl Himachali Mandi Sirmauri srx The standard for the script has been the Chambeali version which has been encoded in the Unicode A variety of Takri which was used for Sirmauri and Jaunsari has been proposed to be encoded in the Unicode 15 In Unicode EditMain article Takri Unicode block Takri script was added to the Unicode Standard in 2012 version 6 1 Takri 1 2 Official Unicode Consortium code chart PDF 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU 1168x ๐‘š€ ๐‘š ๐‘š‚ ๐‘šƒ ๐‘š„ ๐‘š… ๐‘š† ๐‘š‡ ๐‘šˆ ๐‘š‰ ๐‘šŠ ๐‘š‹ ๐‘šŒ ๐‘š ๐‘šŽ ๐‘šU 1169x ๐‘š ๐‘š‘ ๐‘š’ ๐‘š“ ๐‘š” ๐‘š• ๐‘š– ๐‘š— ๐‘š˜ ๐‘š™ ๐‘šš ๐‘š› ๐‘šœ ๐‘š ๐‘šž ๐‘šŸU 116Ax ๐‘š  ๐‘šก ๐‘šข ๐‘šฃ ๐‘šค ๐‘šฅ ๐‘šฆ ๐‘šง ๐‘šจ ๐‘šฉ ๐‘šช U 116Bx ๐‘šธ U 116Cx ๐‘›€ ๐‘› ๐‘›‚ ๐‘›ƒ ๐‘›„ ๐‘›… ๐‘›† ๐‘›‡ ๐‘›ˆ ๐‘›‰Notes 1 As of Unicode version 15 0 2 Grey areas indicate non assigned code pointsReferences Edit Ireland Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and 1834 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain amp Ireland Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society Proposal to encode Takri script by Anshuman Pandey PDF a b Pandey Anshuman 25 March 2009 N3545 Proposal to Encode the Sharada Script in ISO IEC 10646 PDF Working Group Document ISO IEC JTC1 SC2 WG2 https www ias ac in article fulltext sadh 045 0146 bare URL PDF Takri in Land Dispute in Bilaspur Tankri once the language of royals is now dying in Himachal Pradesh Hindustan times Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 Retrieved 25 January 2017 Ancient scripts of Indian Mountains fights for survival Zee News 16 February 2006 Retrieved 9 January 2017 Takri workshop at Chamba Workshop at Shimla Takri workshop at Kullu Kangra and Saambh Sambh Youtube Channel YouTube Dreaming of peace dividends Revival of Shimla Murree linkages Aman Ki Asha Retrieved 1 August 2020 Dreaming of peace dividends Revival of Shimla Murree linkages The Wire Retrieved 1 August 2020 Bodh Anand 21 August 2016 Himachal makes efforts to save its cultural heritage Times of India Preliminary proposal to encode Sirmauri in Unicode PDF External resources EditAksharamukha Takri https aksharamukha appspot com describe Takri Omniglot Takri https omniglot com writing takri htm Comparative examples of Takri and related scripts Spanish language website http www proel org index php pagina alfabetos takri A discussion of the Gaddi with a reference to Takri https www npr org 2006 08 08 5625318 the gaddi people of dharamsala Ancient script of the Himalayas fights for survival https zeenews india com home ancient script of indian mountains fights for survival 275913 html Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Takri script amp oldid 1133649133, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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