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List of superlative trees

January 01, 1970

The world's superlative trees can be ranked by any factor. Records have been kept for trees with superlative height, trunk diameter (girth), canopy coverage, airspace volume, wood volume, estimated mass, and age.

The General Sherman, a California giant sequoia, is the largest tree by volume

Tallest edit

Main article: List of tallest trees
 
The coniferous Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is the tallest tree species on earth.

The heights of the tallest trees in the world have been the subject of considerable dispute and much exaggeration. Modern verified measurements with laser rangefinders or with tape drop measurements made by tree climbers (such as those carried out by canopy researchers), have shown that some older tree height measurement methods are often unreliable, sometimes producing exaggerations of 5% to 15% or more above the real height.[1] Historical claims of trees growing to 130 m (430 ft), and even 150 m (490 ft), are now largely disregarded as unreliable, and attributed to human error.

The following are the tallest reliably measured specimens from the top 10 species. This table shows only currently standing specimens:

List of tallest living trees by species
Tree name Species Height Country Location References and notes
Meters Feet
Hyperion Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) 116.07 380.8[2] United States Redwood National Park, California [3][4] It reached 116.07 metres (380.8 ft) in 2019;[2] second and third tallest when Hyperion was found, were Helios 114.7 metres (376 ft) and Icarus 113.1 metres (371 ft) tall (in 2006).[2]
Himalayan cypress (Cupressus torulosa) 102.3 336 China Yarlung Zangbo National Nature Reserve, Tibet [5][6][7]
Centurion Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) 100.5 330 Australia Arve Valley, Tasmania [8][9][10][11]
Doerner Fir Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) 99.7 327 United States Brummit Creek, Oregon [12][13]
Menara Yellow meranti (Shorea faguetiana) 98.53 323.3 Malaysia Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah The original quoted figure of 100.8m was from the top leaves to the bottom of the buttresses on the low side of ground. The correct height of the tree is 98.53m – that is the midpoint between the top of the bole at 96.26 and the low point of the buttress at 100.8[14][15]
Raven's Tower Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 96.7 317 United States Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California [16][17]
Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) 95.7 314 United States Sequoia National Forest, California [18][19]
Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus cashmeriana) 94.6 310 Bhutan Kazhi Gewog, Wangdue Phodrang District This entry needs clarification: The photo provided of the tree in the reference shows a tree that is perhaps 50m tall – definitely not 94m[20][21][better source needed]
Neeminah Loggerale Meena, or Mother and Daughter Southern blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) 90.7 298 Australia Evercreech Forest Reserve, Tasmania The crown of this tree is dying back.[22][23]
Dinizia excelsa 88.5 290 Brazil Near the boundary of Amapá and Pará [24][25]
Princess Picabella Messmate stringybark (Eucalyptus obliqua) 88.5 290 Australia West Picton, Tasmania [26][27][28]

Tallest historically edit

Despite the tall heights attained by trees in the present, records exist of much greater heights in the past, before widespread logging took place. Some, if not most, of these records are likely greatly exaggerated, but some have been reportedly measured with semi-reliable instruments when cut down and on the ground. Some of the heights recorded in this way exceed the maximum possible height of a tree as calculated by theorists,[29] lending some limited credibility to speculation that some superlative trees are able to 'reverse' transpiration streams and absorb water through needles in foggy environments. All three of the tallest tree species continue to be Coast redwoods, Douglas fir and Giant mountain ash.

List of tallest historically known non-surviving or lost trees
Tree name Species Height Country Location References and notes
Meters Feet
Nooksack Giant Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 142 466 United States Alpenglow Farm, Washington Note: Cut down in 1897. Measured using a tape[30]
Ferguson tree Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) 132 433 Australia Near the Watts River, Victoria Note: Fallen in 1872, and measured on the ground. Reportedly missing part of the top[31][32]
Eel River Giant Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) 129.99 426.5 United States Englewood, Redcrest California Note: Cut down on Feb 14, 1893, and measured on the ground[33][34][35]
Lynn Valley Tree Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 126.5 415 Canada Lynn Valley, British Columbia Note: Cut down in 1902 and measured on the ground[36][37]
Mineral Tree Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 118.873 390.00 United States Mineral, Washington Note: Progressively lost height until falling in a storm. Oldest Douglas fir on record[38][30][39]
Klinki (Araucaria hunsteinii) 89.0 292.0 Papua New Guinea Note: all the references to this species are historical accounts – there is no currently known living klinki of this height.[40][41][42]
White Knight Manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis) 88.9 292 Australia Fingal, Tasmania This tree has died, the likely cause being more frequent heatwaves and reduced rainfall.[43][44][45][46]

Stoutest edit

 
Árbol del Tule

The girth of a tree is usually much easier to measure than the height, as it is a simple matter of stretching a tape round the trunk, and pulling it taut to find the circumference. Despite this, UK tree author Alan Mitchell made the following comment about measurements of yew trees:

The aberrations of past measurements of yews are beyond belief. For example, the tree at Tisbury has a well-defined, clean, if irregular bole at least 1.5 m long. It has been found to have a girth that dilated and shrunk in the following way: 11.28 m (1834 Loudon), 9.3 m (1892 Lowe), 10.67 m (1903 Elwes and Henry), 9.0 m (1924 E. Swanton), 9.45 m (1959 Mitchell) ... Earlier measurements have therefore been omitted.

— Alan Mitchell; in a handbook "Conifers in the British Isles".[47]
 
Trunk of Te Matua Ngahere

As a general standard, tree girth is taken at "breast height". This is converted to and cited as dbh (diameter at breast height) in tree and forestry literature.[48][49] Breast height is defined differently in different situations, with most forestry measurements taking girth at 1.3 m above ground,[49] while those who measure ornamental trees usually measure at 1.5 m above ground;[48] in most cases this makes little difference to the measured girth. On sloping ground, the "above ground" reference point is usually taken as the highest point on the ground touching the trunk,[48][49] but in North America a point is usually used which is the average of the highest point and the lowest point the tree trunk appears to contact the soil.[50] Some of the inflated old measurements may have been taken at ground level. Some past exaggerated measurements also result from measuring the complete next-to-bark measurement, pushing the tape in and out over every crevice and buttress.[47] The measurements could also be influenced by deviation of the tape measure from a horizontal plane (which might seem called for if the trunk does not grow straight up), and the presence of features such as branches, spikes, etc.

Modern trends are to cite the tree's diameter rather than the circumference. The diameter of the tree is calculated by finding the mean diameter of the trunk, in most cases obtained by dividing the measured circumference by π; this assumes the trunk is mostly circular in cross-section (an oval or irregular cross-section would result in a mean diameter slightly greater than the assumed circle). Accurately measuring circumference or diameter is difficult in species with the large buttresses that are characteristic of many species of rainforest trees. Simple measurement of circumference of such trees can be misleading when the circumference includes much empty space between buttresses. See also Tree girth measurement

Baobabs (genus Adansonia) store large amounts of water in the very soft wood in their trunks. This leads to marked variation in their girth over the year (though not more than about 2.5%[51]), reaching maximum at the end of the rainy season, and minimum at the end of the dry season.

List of stoutest living single-trunk trees by species
Species Diameter Tree name Location Notes and References
Meters Feet
Montezuma cypress (Taxodium mucronatum) 11.62 38.1 Árbol del Tule Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca, Mexico This diameter includes buttressing. A more accurate mean diameter for this tree is 9.38 m (30.8 ft).[52]
Baobab (Adansonia digitata): 10.64 34.9 Sunland Baobab Sunland Farm, Limpopo, South Africa Renowned because a bar and wine cellar operated inside its hollow trunk,[53] until it split in 2017.
White or Strangler Fig (Ficus virens): 9.77 32.1 The Temple Fig Murwillimbah, NSW, Australia [54][55]
Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla): 9.23 30.3 The Bellingen Fig Bellingen, NSW, Australia [56][55]
Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) 8.90 29.2 Jupiter Redwood National Park, California, United States [57][58]
Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) 8.85 29.0 General Grant General Grant Grove, California, United States [59] A hollow, nameless Giant Sequoia along the Paradise Trail of the Atwell Mills Grove in Sequoia National Park, has a basal diameter (not girth) of 57 feet (17 meters).[60]
Za (Adansonia za) 8.85 29.0 The Ampanihy Baobab North of Morombe, southwest Madagascar [61]
Chinese camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) 8.23 27.0 Kamō no Ōkusu Kamō, Kagoshima, Japan [62][63]
Eucalyptus jacksonii 7.96 26.1 Hollow trunk Walpole, West Australia, Australia [64][65]
Eucalyptus regnans 7.11 23.3 Two Towers Styx Valley, Tasmania, Australia [66][67]
Eucalyptus obliqua 6.72 22.0 Mount Cripps Giant Mount Cripps, Tasmania, Australia [68][69]
Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) 5.94 19.5 Quinault Lake Cedar Olympic National Park, Washington, United States Died of natural causes in June 2016.[70][71]: 181 [72]
Eucalyptus delegatensis 5.82 19.1 Troll Hermons Road, Tasmania, Australia Killed by wildfire, January 2019.[73]
Eucalyptus denticulata 5.41 17.7 Darejo Errinundra National Park, Victoria, Australia [74][75]
Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 5.39 17.7 Quinault Lake Spruce Olympic National Park, Washington, United States [76]
Kauri (Agathis australis) 5.33 17.5 Te Matua Ngahere Waipoua Forest, New Zealand [77]
Eucalyptus camaldulensis 4.85 15.9 Herbig Family Tree. Springton, South Australia. [55][78] This is a very ancient tree. The 'Gnarly Tree' in Colignan NW Victoria also has diameter of 4.85m

Measurements become ambiguous when multiple trunks (whether from an individual tree or multiple trees) grow together. The Sacred Fig grows adventitious roots from its branches, which become new trunks when the root reaches the ground and thickens; a single sacred fig tree can have hundreds of such trunks.[79] The multi-stemmed Hundred Horse Chestnut was known to have a circumference of 57.9 m (190 ft) when it was measured in 1780.

There are known more than 50 species of trees exceeding the diameter of 4.45 m or circumference of 14 m.[citation needed]

Largest edit

Further information: List of largest giant sequoias

The largest trees are defined as having the highest wood volume in a single stem. These trees are both tall and large in diameter and, in particular, hold a large diameter high up the trunk. Measurement is very complex, particularly if branch volume is to be included as well as the trunk volume, so measurements have only been made for a small number of trees, and generally only for the trunk. Few attempts have ever been made to include root or leaf volume.

All 12 of the world's largest trees are giant sequoias. Grogan's Fault, the largest living Coast redwood, would rank as the 13th largest living tree. Tāne Mahuta, the largest living tree outside of California, would rank within the top 100 largest living trees.

List of largest living trees by species, ranked by trunk volume
Species Trunk volume Tree name Location Country References and notes
Cubic Meters Cubic Feet
Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) 1,487 52,500 General Sherman Sequoia National Park United States [80]
Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) 1,084.5 38,300 Grogan's Fault Redwood National Park United States [81]
Kauri (Agathis australis) 516 18,200 Tāne Mahuta Waipoua Forest New Zealand The 516 cubic meter figure includes 255m³ for the main trunk and 261m³ for branches[82]
Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) 449 15,900 Cheewhat Giant Pacific Rim National Park Reserve Canada [70][71]: 34 
Eucalyptus regnans 390 14,000 Two Towers Tasmania Australia The 390m³ figure includes 358m³ for trunks and 32m³ for branches.[83][9]
Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) 368 13,000 Rullah Longatyle Tasmania Australia [45] Rullah Longatyle was killed during Tasmanian bushfires in February 2019.[84]
Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 349 12,300 Red Creek Fir San Juan Valley Canada [85]
Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 337 11,900 Queets Spruce Olympic National Park United States [71]: 58 
Eucalyptus obliqua 337 11,900 Gothmog Styx Valley Australia The 337m³ figure includes 296m³ for trunks and 41m³ for branches.[83][45]
Eucalyptus delegatensis 286 10,100 Styx Valley Australia This tree was destroyed in the 2019 bushfires.[45]

Broadest edit

The trees with the broadest crowns have the widest spread of limbs from a single trunk.

List of trees with the broadest crowns, by species
Species Diameter Tree name Location Notes and References
Meters Feet
Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) 180 591 Thimmamma Marrimanu Anantapur, Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh, India [86][87][88] This crown is not from a single trunk. It has hundreds of trunks.
Coolibah (Eucalyptus microtheca. synonym Eucalyptus coolibah) 72.8 239 Monkira Monster Neuragully Waterhole, southwestern Queensland, Australia [89][90] Groom's measurement may represent the tree at its prime. It was remeasured in 2008 and found to be "more than 200 meters" (more than 656 feet) in circumference; equivalent to an average limb spread of more than 209 feet ( more than 64 meters). The trunk is about ten feet thick (ten meters girth).[91]
Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) 64.0 210 Oriental Plane Tree at Corsham Court Wiltshire, England. [92]
Raintree or monkeypod tree (Samanea saman) 63.1 207 Saman de Guere San Mateo, Aragua State, Venezuela. Living, but "vetusto" (superannuated, or decrepit). [93] The widest Monkeypod Tree at present is "Chamchuri" on a military post near Kanchanburi, Thailand, which is 198' 1" (60.4 meters) in spread while only 57' 8" (17.6 meters) in height.[94] Broadest cantilevered crown (no limbs resting on the ground).
Silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) 61.3 201 The Big Tree Barro Colorado Island, Panama [95]
European yew (Taxus baccata) 55.5 182 Shugborough Yew Shugborough Hall, Staffordshire, England [96][97] Broadest gymnosperm.
Sand post oak (Quercus stellata margarettae) 55.2 181 Gilchrist County, Florida [98]
Turkey oak (Quercus cerris): 53.9 177 Devon, England. [92]
Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla) 53.6 176 Moreton Bay Fig Tree Chapala Street in Santa Barbara, California. [99] Moreton Bay Figs growing under virgin rainforest conditions have been reported to have crown spreads as great as 75 m (250 ft).[100]
Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea) 53.6 176 Middlesboro, Kentucky [101]
Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) 53.6 176 The Pechanga Great Oak Pechanga Native American Reservation east of Temecula, California. [102][103] Also 29 m (95 ft) tall.
Montezuma cypress (Taxodium mucronatum) 53.3 175 El Gigante Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca, Mexico [104] Broadest cantilevered Gymnosperm.
Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) 51.8 170 Benaroon John's River in Middle Brother National Park, New South Wales, Australia. [105]
Live oak (Quercus virginiana) 51.8 170 The E. O. Hunt Oak Long Beach, Mississippi [106]
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) 51.5 169 The Lansdowne Sycamore Lansdowne, Pennsylvania [107]
African Baobab (Adansonia digitata) 51.2 168 The Glencoe Tree Huidespruit, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Now severely damaged[108]
Batai (Albizzia falcata) 50.9 167 Hawai'i [109][110]
Green Fig (Ficus virens) Over fifty meters over 165 feet. (no individual name) Boar's Pocket, northern Queensland crown shades "over 2,000 sq. meters"[111]

Oldest edit

 
Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) is the longest living tree species on Earth.
Main article: List of oldest trees

The oldest trees are determined by growth rings, which can be seen if the tree is cut down, or in cores taken from the bark to the center of the tree. Accurate determination is only possible for trees that produce growth rings, generally those in seasonal climates. Trees in uniform non-seasonal tropical climates grow continuously and do not have distinct growth rings. It is also only possible for trees that are solid to the center. Many very old trees become hollow as the dead heartwood decays. For some of these species, age estimates have been made on the basis of extrapolating current growth rates, but the results are usually largely speculation. White (1998)[112] proposes a method of estimating the age of large and veteran trees in the United Kingdom through the correlation of a tree's age with its diameter and growth character.

The verified oldest measured ages are:

List of oldest non-clonal trees by species
Species Age (years) Tree name Location Notes and References
Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) 4,855 Methuselah Inyo County, California, United States [113]
Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides) 3,653 Gran Abuelo Cordillera Pelada, Chile [114]
Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) 3,266 Sierra Nevada, California, USA Dead[113]
Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) 2,675 Sierra Nevada, California, USA Dead[113]
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) 2,649 North Carolina, USA [113][115]
Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata) 2,466 central Colorado, USA [113][116]
African Baobab (Adansonia digitata) 2,419 Matabeleland, Zimbabwe [117]
Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) 2,302 Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka [113]
Przewalski's juniper (Juniperus przewalskii) 2,230 Delingha, Qinghai Province, China [113]
Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) 2,200 northern California, USA Dead[113]
Saharan Cypress (Cupressus dupreziana) 2,200 Wadi Tichouinet, southern Algeria. [118]
Foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) 2,110 Sierra Nevada, California, USA [113]

Other species suspected of reaching exceptional age include European Yew (Taxus baccata) (probably over 5,000 years[119][120]), Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) (3,000 years or more[121]), and Western Redcedar (Thuja plicata). The oldest known European Yew may be the Llangernyw Yew in the Churchyard of Llangernyw village in North Wales, or the Fortingall Yew in Perthshire, Scotland. The Llangernyw Yew has been estimated as between 4000 and 5000 years in age by David Bellamy,[122] who also used radiocarbon dating to estimate an age of around 4000 years for the Tisbury Yew in Wiltshire,[123] while the Fortingall Yew with its former 16 to 17-meter girth is estimated at 5,000 years of age.[124][125] However, ageing yews is very difficult due to the loss of heartwood in very ancient trees, and one or two sources believe the trees to be far younger at around 1500–3000 years.

Lagarostrobos franklinii, known as Huon pine, is native to the wet southwestern corner of Tasmania, Australia. A stand of trees in excess of 10,500 years old was found in 1955 in western Tasmania on Mount Read.[126] Each of the trees in this stand is a genetically identical male that has reproduced vegetatively. Although no single tree in this stand is of that age, the stand itself as a single organism has existed that long.[127] Individual trees in the clonal patch have been listed as having ages of 2000[128][129] or even to 3000 years old.[130][131]

The olive tree also can live for centuries. The oldest verified age is 900 years[132] at Gethsemane (Mount of Olives, as mentioned in the Bible), while several other olive trees are suspected of being 2,000 to 3,000 years old.[133] It is also believed that a group of sixteen olive trees in Lebanon, the Sisters Olive Trees of Noah, are around 6,000 years old.[134] If true, it would make these trees far older than Methuselah.

The pond cypress, Taxodium ascendens, has been known to live more than 1,000 years. One specimen in particular, named "The Senator", was estimated to be more than 3,400 years old at the time of its demise in early 2012.

Deepest and longest tree roots edit

A wild fig tree growing in Echo Caves near Ohrigstad, South Africa has roots going 120 m (400 ft) deep, giving it the deepest roots known of any tree.[135] El Drago Milenario, a tree of species Dracaena draco on Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, is reported to have 200-meter-long (660 ft) aerial roots.[136]

Thickest tree limbs edit

This list is limited to horizontal or nearly horizontal limbs, in which the governing growth factor is phototropism. Vertical or near vertical limbs, in which the governing growth factor is negative geotropism, are called "reiterations" and are really divisions of the trunk, which by definition must be less than the trunk as a whole and therefore less remarkable. The thickest trunks have already been dealt with under "stoutest".[clarification needed]

List of thickest tree limbs by species
Species Diameter Tree name Location Notes and References
Meters Feet
Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) 3.8 12.6 The Big Limb Tree Atwell Mill Grove, Sequoia National Park, California. [137]
Za (Adansonia za) 2.7 9 The Ampanihy Baobab north of Morombe, Madagascar. [61] Thickest Dicot limb.
African baobab (Adansonia digitata) 2.4 8 The Big Tree Messina Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa. [138][139]
Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) 2.1 7 Kronos Atlas Grove, Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. [140]
Kauri (Agathis australis) 2.1 7 Nga Mahangahua Tutamoe State Forest, North Island, New Zealand [141]
White oak (Quercus alba) 1.8 6 The Wye Oak Wye Mills, Maryland Died June 6, 2002[142]
Kapok or Silk Cotton Tree (Ceiba pentandra) 1.8 6 General statement. No individual cited. [143]
Canary Island Dragon Tree (Dracaena draco) 1.75 5.75 The Orotava Tree Orotava, Tenerife, Canary Islands Died October 1869[144] Thickest Monocot limb.
Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) 1.7 5.5 or more. The Children's Fig Sydney Royal Botanical Gardens, Sydney, Australia [145][146][147]
Silver Fir (Abies alba) 1.7 5.5 Sabin Candelabre Jura Alps of France, near the Swiss border. [148][149]
Rain Tree (Samanea saman) 1.5 4.9 The Caribbean region. This one near Nagarote, Nicaragua. [150] Measured by Dr. Berthold Seemann.
California Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) 1.5 4.9 Six kilometers (four miles) west of Gilroy, California. [151]

Thickest tree bark edit

List of trees by thickest bark
Species Native range Greatest thickness or depth Comments
Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. The greatest thickness which has been reliably measured is 75 cm (2+1⁄2 ft) for one in Redwood Canyon, Kings Canyon National Park.[152] However it is asserted that the basal bark of the "General Sherman" Big Tree is in places up to 1.2 m (4 ft) in thickness.[153] This could be determined non-invasively with sonograph equipment.
Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) Coastal Northern and Central California and extreme southern Oregon. The "Mill Creek Giant" near the Mill Creek bridge in Redwood National Park, Crescent City, California has bark 46 cm (18 in) thick.[154] Coast Redwood bark is often deeply fissured, making it easy to measure most of the depth of the bark even on live trees.
Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Northwestern North America. A tree felled in North Vancouver, British Columbia in 1902 had bark 34 cm (13+1⁄2 in) in thickness.[155]
Cork Oak (Quercus suber) circum-Mediterranean distribution. One Cork Oak at the chapel of São Gonçalo 16 km (10 mi) south of Lisbon, Portugal had cork measuring 20 cm (8 in) deep.[156] This is the thickest bark among Dicots. One Cork Oak at the Mission-Basilica San Carlos de Borromeo del Rio Carmelo, Carmel-by-the-Sea, California had bark in 1971 with fissures 18 cm (7 in) in depth plus an unknown depth of unfissured bark beneath. In 1996 the bark had grown about an additional 25 mm (1 in).
Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana) The Patagonian Andes of Chile and Argentina. Bark up to seven inches (18 centimeters) in thickness.[157][158]
Bangalay (Eucalyptus botryoides) Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. In 1973, one Bangalay in Alameda Park, Santa Barbara, California had bark fissured to a depth of 18 cm (7 in) with again an unknown depth of unfissured bark below that.
Parana Pine (Araucaria angustifolia) Mostly in southernmost Brazil. Bark can be over 15 cm (6 in) thick.[159]
Renala (Adansonia grandidieri) Madagascar. Bark is up to 15 cm (6 in) thick.[160] This is the species with the colossal columnar trunks.
Valley Oak (Quercus lobata) Central Valley of California southward to the San Gabriel Valley. This bark also up to 15 cm (6 in) in thickness.[161]
Plains Cottonwood (Populus deltoides monilifera) North American Plains. "Almost six inches (15 centimeters) thick"[162]
Nolina longifolia Mexico One plant at the Huntington Library, Galleries and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, California in 1996 had bark with fissures up to 4+3⁄4 in (120 mm) deep. This is the thickest bark among Monocots.

Trees bearing the largest flowers edit

List of trees by largest flowers
Species Native range Largest of kind Comments
Guyana Chestnut, or Provision Tree (Pachira aquatica) Central America, northern South America and the West Indies. Up to 66 cm (26 in) if the 33 cm (13 in) pale yellow petals are held outright.[163] The petals can be up to two inches (five centimeters) wide.[164] The stamens are united into a column in the lower third, divided into five sub-groups in the middle third, and into as many as 250 individual stamens in the upper third. According to Perry and Greenwood, P. aquatica petals can reach 14 inches (35 centimeters) in length.[165][166]
Cacao Sauvage (Pachira insigna) Along brackish estuaries of South America and the Lesser Antilles. Its 33–36 cm (13–14 in) pink petals are 66–71 cm (26–28 in) wide if held horizontally.[167][168] The stamens of P. insigna, arranged in the same manner as P. aquatica, can number as many as one thousand.[169] This is a much taller tree than P. aquatica, up to 30 m (100 ft) in height.
Big Leaf Magnolia, or Big Bloom (Magnolia macrophylla) The deep southern United States, especially Alabama and Mississippi, but excluding Florida. The largest on record was 55 cm (21+1⁄2 in) in width,[170] while another found and photographed by Adele Sayle was 51 cm (20 in) wide.[171] Magnolia macrophylla has the largest flowers of any temperate (non-tropical) plant. This, like all Magnolias, is pollinated by flower beetles.
Giant White Angel's Trumpet (Brugmansia versicolor) Northern Guayaquil River Basin of Ecuador. Pendant white or cream trumpet-like flowers up to 51 cm (20 in) long and up to 20 cm (8 in) wide at the mouth.[172][173] At 5 m (16 ft) height, this is the smallest tree in this table. The pollinator is unknown,[174] but would seem to require a very long tongue or beak. The horticultural variety "Supernova" can be up to 24 in (61 cm) in length. B. versicolor is now believed to be extinct in the wild, but fortunately is widely cultivated.
Magnolia dealbata The humid regions of Mexico. Up to 41 cm (16 in) in diameter.[175] Considered by some taxonomists to be a subspecies of M. macrophylla. One credible source states that M. dealbata can have flowers up to 50 cm (19+1⁄2 in) in width.[176]
(Goniothalamus grandiflorus) [Anonaceae] Solomon Islands Each of the three red petals up to seven inches (17 centimeters) in length,[177] for a potential width of fourteen inches (34 cm) Tree is cauliflorous (flowers borne directly on trunk, or major limbs). Each flower produces a multiple fruit, where each carpel developes as a separate berry and together forming a cluster resembling a cluster of large grapes.
Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) The Caatinga region of N.E.ern Brazil. Also naturalized to South Africa. Up to 30 cm (12 in) long by up to 20 cm (8 in) wide.[178][179] One of the largest tree-cacti at up to 18 m (59 ft) in height, 10 m (33 ft) crown spread and up to 102 cm (40 in) trunk thickness.[178] It can bear spines up to 19 cm (7+1⁄2 in) long.[citation needed] By reason of its succulence, these may be the most massive (heaviest) of all tree flowers.[citation needed]
The Paloeloe (Phenakospermum guianense) [Strelitziaceae] Amazon Rainforest. Each cicinnus contains up to 25 individual flowers, each up to eleven inches (28 centimeters) in length.[180]
Calabash Nutmeg (Monodora myristica) [Anonaceae] Native to tropical Africa. Ornate, pendant, multicolor flower up to 25 cm (10 in) in width.[181] The name comes from the 15 cm (6 in) calabash-like fruit filled with fragrant seeds.
Ceiba schottii (Bombacaceae) Southern Mexico and Guatemala Up to 10.5 in (26 cm) wide by 7.5 in (19 cm) long.[182]
Gigasiphon humboldtianum (Caesalpinaceae) Madagascar, with very similar G. macrosiphon in coastal Kenya and Tanzania. Up to ten inches (25 centimeters) in length the hypantheum or floral tube surrounding the pistel-stipe or gynophore; both being the longest known for any plant.[183] The five petals( upper, central one yellow, the side ones white) are each five inches (13 centimeters) long and 2.5 inches (6.5 centimeters) wide.[184] for a total width of ten inches (25 centimeters| Many botanists consider G. humboldtianum and G. macrosiphon to be conspecific.
The Za or Boji (Adansonia za) [Bombacaceae] Widespread in Madagascar. Five mostly yellow petals, each up to 9.5 inches (24 centimeters) long by 0.6-inch (1.5 cm) wide, and reflexed.[185] Flower 9 to 10 inches (23 to 25 cm) wide with long stamens bringing the length to nine inches (23 centimeters). Largest of the Baobab flowers.
Hibiscus waimeae [Malvaceae] Endemic to the island of Kawai, in Hawai'i. Each of the five white petals is up to 5.5 inches (thirteen cm) in length for a potential diameter of eleven inches (26 centimeters) The central staminal column is up to six inches (fifteen cm) in length.[186]
Spotted Randia (Rothmannia longiflora) (Rubiaceae). Native to tropical Africa. Has trumpet-shaped Purple and white flowers up to ten inches (25 cm) long[187] by about five inches (12 cm) across the mouth.[188]
The Elephant Apple (Dillenia indica) [Dilleniaceae] Native to India, Burma, Southeast Asia and the East Indies. The 20 cm (8 in) wide flower consists of five large 50–65 mm (2–2+1⁄2 in) roundish, fleshy white petals, two concentric circles of several hundred stamens surrounding a circle of up to twenty stigmas.[189][190] Forms a fruit up to 18 cm (7 in) in diameter.[191] A second species, D. megalantha of the Philippines, also produces 8-inch (20 centimeter) wide flowers.[192]

Largest leaves (by type) edit

Type Species Native range Length Width Comments
Largest overall leaf; Largest Monocot leaf; Largest pinnate leaf. Raphia regalis West Africa from Nigeria to Angola. This individual in Congo (Brazzaville). 26 m (85 ft) overall. The lamina, or blade, is 16 m (54 ft) and the petiole, or stalk is 9.4 m (31 ft)[193] About 3 m (10 ft) wide. Trunk often very short, even subterranean.
Largest bipinnate leaf. Caryota kiriwongensis Peninsular Thailand. 11.0 m (36 ft 1 in) overall. Lamina length 8.0 m (26 ft 3 in). Petiole is only 51 cm (20 in) joined to crownshaft sheath 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) long.[194] 7.0 m (23 ft) in width. This species was unknown to science prior to 1980. Has up to 2,500 fan-shaped leaflets. Up to 35 m (120 ft) in height.
Largest costapalmate leaf. (Petiole extends into the palmately veined lamina as a rachis). "Coco-de-Mer", or "Double Coconut". Lodoicea maldivica. Seychelles Islands, about 1,300 km (800 mi) northeast of Madagascar. Up to 15 m (50 ft) overall. Acaulescent juveniles have the longest leaves, with a lamina up to 6 m (20 ft) joined to a petiole 9 m (30 ft) with no overlap.[195][196] Lamina up to 4.6 m (15 ft) wide. One reliable source says the petiole can be 10 m (33 ft) long for a total length of 16 m (52 ft).[197]
Largest true palmate leaf (rachis very small, or nonexistent, and all the veins radiate from a single point). "Dondah" Corypha macropoda Endemic to Termoklee Island near South Andaman in the Andaman Islands south of Burma. Approximately 11 m (35 ft). Lamina 6 m (20 ft) long partly overlaps the 7.5 m (25 ft) petiole.[198] Lamina up to 6 m (20 ft) wide. Usually considered to be a subspecies of C. elata. Termoklee does not seem to have been revisited by naturalists any time recently.
Largest simple (undivided) tree leaf. "Monkey-Cap Palm" Manicaria saccifera Neotropical flood forests. Up to 10.4 m (34 ft) all told. Lamina is 9.1 m (30 ft) plus a 1.2 m (4 ft) petiole.[199] Maximum width 2.3 m (7 ft 8 in).[200] Obovate with pinnate veination. Toothed margin 15 cm (6 in) deep.
Largest treefern leaf; Largest non-palm. "Mule's Foot Fern", or "Paku Gajah". Angiopteris evecta Southern Asia, East Indies, Melanesia, Polynesia, Queensland and Madagascar. 9 m (30 ft) overall. 7 m (23 ft) lamina plus 2 m (6+1⁄2 ft) petiole which can be up to 10 cm (4 in) thick.[201][202] 2 m (6+1⁄2 ft) width. Bipinnate, Trunk can be up to 3 m (10 ft) in height.
Largest quadripinnate leaf. (Leaflets are the fourth order of branching). "Black Treefern", or "Mamaku". Cyathea medullaris New Zealand, Fiji and Polynesia. 7 m (23 ft) overall. 6 m (20 ft) lamina with a 1 m (40 in) petiole.[203] 2 m (6+1⁄2 ft) width.
Largest Gymnosperm leaf. "Kwango Giant Cycad", or "Malele" (Encephalartos laurentianus) Endemic to the Kwango River Basin, Bandundu Province, Congo (Kinshasa) and edging into adjacent Angola. Overall length 7 m (23 ft) and massively constructed. Lamina 6.7 m (22 ft) plus a 30 cm (1 ft) petiole which is up to 8 cm (3 in) thick.[204][205][206] 89 cm (35 in).[204] This is the largest of all known cycads, multistemmed specimens sometimes exceeding 45 tonnes (50 short tons) in total weight.
Largest indeterminate leaf (never stops growing). "Tumbo". Welwitschia mirabilis Coastal Namibia and southwestern Angola. Living portion up to 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) long, usually with up to around one meter of dead leaf still attached. No petiole. New leaf tissue emerges from a lip-like groove around the top of the trunk.[207][208] Other, much narrower green segments have been up to 7.3 m (24 ft) in length.[209] Segments have been measured up to 179 cm (5 ft 10 in) in width. In the course of a 2000+ year life, its cumulative growth can be over 180 m (600 ft). It is considered a tree because the trunk, although always under 3 meters (10 ft) in height, is very thick and woody.
Largest Dicot tree leaf. "Midnight Horror" Oroxylum indicum India and Sri Lanka. Up to 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in) total length. Lamina up to 240 cm (7 ft 10 in)[210] plus a petiole up to 2 m (6+1⁄2 ft) in length.[211] Lamina up to 2.1 m (7 ft) in width.[212] Quadripinnate. Makes huge sword-like seed pods up to 1.5 m (5 ft) long by 10 cm (4 in) wide.
Largest linear leaf. (Ribbon-like leaves with parallel veins running lengthwise. No petiole). Pandanus laxespicatus Endemic to swamps near Perinet (Analamazaotra), Madagascar. Up to 10 m (33 ft) on juvenile plants.[213] Up to 36 cm (14 in) in width. This species was unknown to science prior to 1951.[214] Adult plants have smaller leaves, and the side branches have very much smaller leaves.[215]
Largest entire (undivided, unlobed, untoothed) tree leaf. Traveler's Tree Ravenala madagascarensis subspecies bemavo Hills of eastern Madagascar. Total length up to 11 m (36 ft). Petiole up to 6 m (20 ft) bearing a lamina up to 5 m (16 ft) long.[216] Up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in width. This is the tallest (up to 100 feet (30 meters)) of the five subspecies and the only single-trunked (up to two feet (61 centimeters) in diameter) form.
Greatest surface area of any dicot leaf. Largest entire dicot leaf. "Maior Folha" Coccoloba gigantifolia Amazon rainforest. Thus far only in Brazil and mostly in Rondonia. Up to 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in) plus a petiole of about 10 cm (4 in).[217][218] The tree is a single rosette of leaves atop a 13 m (43 ft) rarely branching trunk.[219][citation needed] Up to 1.44 m (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) in width.[218] First observed by botanists in 1982.[220] The name "Coccoloba inpae" was proposed at first, but that is now a junior synonym.
Largest palmately divided leaf (all leaflets attached at one point to the petiole tip). Longispadix sp. nov. Endemic to Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. 24 or more wedge-shaped leaflets forming a circle about 2.5 m (8 ft) in diameter, on a petiole of comparable length.[221] This Longispadix species discovered in 2009. Cola megalophylla (Sterculiaceae) of the West African rainforest has seven palmate leaflets which form a circle about 1.2 m (4 ft) in diameter, with its largest (central) leaflet measuring up to 86 cm (34 in) in length and 51 cm (20 in) in width,[222] making it the largest of all Dicot leaflets, and exceeded only by the leaflets of two palm species (Sabinaria magnifica and Masoala kona).
Largest peltate leaf. (Petiole is attached at or near the center of the lamina, as in the Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) and the Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)). "Chia Kubit" Macaranga gigantea Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Celebes. Lamina up to 1.5 m (5 ft) long with a petiole of similar length attached to the upper central region.[223] Also up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in width. Also largest tricuspidate leaf (like the undivided leaves of Boston Ivy).
Largest naturally inverse leaf. Chisocheton lasiocarpus (Meliaceae) Rainforests of western New Guinea. Each of the few mesocaul branches is topped by a terminal rosette of leaves up to five feet (1.5 meters) in length with up to eleven pairs leaflets, each up to 18 inches (45 centimeters) long by nine inches (23 centimeters) in width.[224] The lower limbs are of a weeping habit, so that the rosettes face towards the earth.[225] Up to 36 inches (91 centimeters) in width. 
.
Largest succulent tree leaf. "Berg-Aalwyn" Aloe marlothii South Africa. 1.8 m (6 ft) long.[226] 30 cm (12 in) wide. About 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) thick. The tree can be up to 6 m (20 ft) in height.[227]

See also edit

References edit

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External links edit

  • Notable and Ancient Trees in Britain and Ireland
  • Monumental trees
  • M. D. Vaden, arborist who measures tree sizes
  • Calaveras Big Trees Association (CBTA)
  • National Register of Big Trees. Australia's Champion Trees
  • Old Trees in The Netherlands and Western Europe
  • The New Zealand Tree Register – A project of the New Zealand Notable Trees Trust (NZNTT)

January 01, 1970
list, superlative, trees, world, superlative, trees, ranked, factor, records, have, been, kept, trees, with, superlative, height, trunk, diameter, girth, canopy, coverage, airspace, volume, wood, volume, estimated, mass, general, sherman, california, giant, se. The world s superlative trees can be ranked by any factor Records have been kept for trees with superlative height trunk diameter girth canopy coverage airspace volume wood volume estimated mass and age The General Sherman a California giant sequoia is the largest tree by volume Contents 1 Tallest 2 Tallest historically 3 Stoutest 4 Largest 5 Broadest 6 Oldest 7 Deepest and longest tree roots 8 Thickest tree limbs 9 Thickest tree bark 10 Trees bearing the largest flowers 11 Largest leaves by type 12 See also 13 References 14 External linksTallest editMain article List of tallest trees nbsp The coniferous Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens is the tallest tree species on earth The heights of the tallest trees in the world have been the subject of considerable dispute and much exaggeration Modern verified measurements with laser rangefinders or with tape drop measurements made by tree climbers such as those carried out by canopy researchers have shown that some older tree height measurement methods are often unreliable sometimes producing exaggerations of 5 to 15 or more above the real height 1 Historical claims of trees growing to 130 m 430 ft and even 150 m 490 ft are now largely disregarded as unreliable and attributed to human error The following are the tallest reliably measured specimens from the top 10 species This table shows only currently standing specimens List of tallest living trees by species Tree name Species Height Country Location References and notes Meters Feet Hyperion Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens 116 07 380 8 2 United States Redwood National Park California 3 4 It reached 116 07 metres 380 8 ft in 2019 2 second and third tallest when Hyperion was found were Helios 114 7 metres 376 ft and Icarus 113 1 metres 371 ft tall in 2006 2 Himalayan cypress Cupressus torulosa 102 3 336 China Yarlung Zangbo National Nature Reserve Tibet 5 6 7 Centurion Mountain ash Eucalyptus regnans 100 5 330 Australia Arve Valley Tasmania 8 9 10 11 Doerner Fir Coast Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii 99 7 327 United States Brummit Creek Oregon 12 13 Menara Yellow meranti Shorea faguetiana 98 53 323 3 Malaysia Danum Valley Conservation Area Sabah The original quoted figure of 100 8m was from the top leaves to the bottom of the buttresses on the low side of ground The correct height of the tree is 98 53m that is the midpoint between the top of the bole at 96 26 and the low point of the buttress at 100 8 14 15 Raven s Tower Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis 96 7 317 United States Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park California 16 17 Giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum 95 7 314 United States Sequoia National Forest California 18 19 Bhutan Cypress Cupressus cashmeriana 94 6 310 Bhutan Kazhi Gewog Wangdue Phodrang District This entry needs clarification The photo provided of the tree in the reference shows a tree that is perhaps 50m tall definitely not 94m 20 21 better source needed Neeminah Loggerale Meena or Mother and Daughter Southern blue gum Eucalyptus globulus 90 7 298 Australia Evercreech Forest Reserve Tasmania The crown of this tree is dying back 22 23 Dinizia excelsa 88 5 290 Brazil Near the boundary of Amapa and Para 24 25 Princess Picabella Messmate stringybark Eucalyptus obliqua 88 5 290 Australia West Picton Tasmania 26 27 28 Tallest historically editDespite the tall heights attained by trees in the present records exist of much greater heights in the past before widespread logging took place Some if not most of these records are likely greatly exaggerated but some have been reportedly measured with semi reliable instruments when cut down and on the ground Some of the heights recorded in this way exceed the maximum possible height of a tree as calculated by theorists 29 lending some limited credibility to speculation that some superlative trees are able to reverse transpiration streams and absorb water through needles in foggy environments All three of the tallest tree species continue to be Coast redwoods Douglas fir and Giant mountain ash List of tallest historically known non surviving or lost trees Tree name Species Height Country Location References and notes Meters Feet Nooksack Giant Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 142 466 United States Alpenglow Farm Washington Note Cut down in 1897 Measured using a tape 30 Ferguson tree Mountain ash Eucalyptus regnans 132 433 Australia Near the Watts River Victoria Note Fallen in 1872 and measured on the ground Reportedly missing part of the top 31 32 Eel River Giant Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens 129 99 426 5 United States Englewood Redcrest California Note Cut down on Feb 14 1893 and measured on the ground 33 34 35 Lynn Valley Tree Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 126 5 415 Canada Lynn Valley British Columbia Note Cut down in 1902 and measured on the ground 36 37 Mineral Tree Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 118 873 390 00 United States Mineral Washington Note Progressively lost height until falling in a storm Oldest Douglas fir on record 38 30 39 Klinki Araucaria hunsteinii 89 0 292 0 Papua New Guinea Note all the references to this species are historical accounts there is no currently known living klinki of this height 40 41 42 White Knight Manna gum Eucalyptus viminalis 88 9 292 Australia Fingal Tasmania This tree has died the likely cause being more frequent heatwaves and reduced rainfall 43 44 45 46 Stoutest edit nbsp Arbol del Tule The girth of a tree is usually much easier to measure than the height as it is a simple matter of stretching a tape round the trunk and pulling it taut to find the circumference Despite this UK tree author Alan Mitchell made the following comment about measurements of yew trees The aberrations of past measurements of yews are beyond belief For example the tree at Tisbury has a well defined clean if irregular bole at least 1 5 m long It has been found to have a girth that dilated and shrunk in the following way 11 28 m 1834 Loudon 9 3 m 1892 Lowe 10 67 m 1903 Elwes and Henry 9 0 m 1924 E Swanton 9 45 m 1959 Mitchell Earlier measurements have therefore been omitted Alan Mitchell in a handbook Conifers in the British Isles 47 nbsp Trunk of Te Matua Ngahere As a general standard tree girth is taken at breast height This is converted to and cited as dbh diameter at breast height in tree and forestry literature 48 49 Breast height is defined differently in different situations with most forestry measurements taking girth at 1 3 m above ground 49 while those who measure ornamental trees usually measure at 1 5 m above ground 48 in most cases this makes little difference to the measured girth On sloping ground the above ground reference point is usually taken as the highest point on the ground touching the trunk 48 49 but in North America a point is usually used which is the average of the highest point and the lowest point the tree trunk appears to contact the soil 50 Some of the inflated old measurements may have been taken at ground level Some past exaggerated measurements also result from measuring the complete next to bark measurement pushing the tape in and out over every crevice and buttress 47 The measurements could also be influenced by deviation of the tape measure from a horizontal plane which might seem called for if the trunk does not grow straight up and the presence of features such as branches spikes etc Modern trends are to cite the tree s diameter rather than the circumference The diameter of the tree is calculated by finding the mean diameter of the trunk in most cases obtained by dividing the measured circumference by p this assumes the trunk is mostly circular in cross section an oval or irregular cross section would result in a mean diameter slightly greater than the assumed circle Accurately measuring circumference or diameter is difficult in species with the large buttresses that are characteristic of many species of rainforest trees Simple measurement of circumference of such trees can be misleading when the circumference includes much empty space between buttresses See also Tree girth measurementBaobabs genus Adansonia store large amounts of water in the very soft wood in their trunks This leads to marked variation in their girth over the year though not more than about 2 5 51 reaching maximum at the end of the rainy season and minimum at the end of the dry season List of stoutest living single trunk trees by species Species Diameter Tree name Location Notes and References Meters Feet Montezuma cypress Taxodium mucronatum 11 62 38 1 Arbol del Tule Santa Maria del Tule Oaxaca Mexico This diameter includes buttressing A more accurate mean diameter for this tree is 9 38 m 30 8 ft 52 Baobab Adansonia digitata 10 64 34 9 Sunland Baobab Sunland Farm Limpopo South Africa Renowned because a bar and wine cellar operated inside its hollow trunk 53 until it split in 2017 White or Strangler Fig Ficus virens 9 77 32 1 The Temple Fig Murwillimbah NSW Australia 54 55 Moreton Bay Fig Ficus macrophylla 9 23 30 3 The Bellingen Fig Bellingen NSW Australia 56 55 Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens 8 90 29 2 Jupiter Redwood National Park California United States 57 58 Giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum 8 85 29 0 General Grant General Grant Grove California United States 59 A hollow nameless Giant Sequoia along the Paradise Trail of the Atwell Mills Grove in Sequoia National Park has a basal diameter not girth of 57 feet 17 meters 60 Za Adansonia za 8 85 29 0 The Ampanihy Baobab North of Morombe southwest Madagascar 61 Chinese camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora 8 23 27 0 Kamō no Ōkusu Kamō Kagoshima Japan 62 63 Eucalyptus jacksonii 7 96 26 1 Hollow trunk Walpole West Australia Australia 64 65 Eucalyptus regnans 7 11 23 3 Two Towers Styx Valley Tasmania Australia 66 67 Eucalyptus obliqua 6 72 22 0 Mount Cripps Giant Mount Cripps Tasmania Australia 68 69 Western redcedar Thuja plicata 5 94 19 5 Quinault Lake Cedar Olympic National Park Washington United States Died of natural causes in June 2016 70 71 181 72 Eucalyptus delegatensis 5 82 19 1 Troll Hermons Road Tasmania Australia Killed by wildfire January 2019 73 Eucalyptus denticulata 5 41 17 7 Darejo Errinundra National Park Victoria Australia 74 75 Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis 5 39 17 7 Quinault Lake Spruce Olympic National Park Washington United States 76 Kauri Agathis australis 5 33 17 5 Te Matua Ngahere Waipoua Forest New Zealand 77 Eucalyptus camaldulensis 4 85 15 9 Herbig Family Tree Springton South Australia 55 78 This is a very ancient tree The Gnarly Tree in Colignan NW Victoria also has diameter of 4 85m Measurements become ambiguous when multiple trunks whether from an individual tree or multiple trees grow together The Sacred Fig grows adventitious roots from its branches which become new trunks when the root reaches the ground and thickens a single sacred fig tree can have hundreds of such trunks 79 The multi stemmed Hundred Horse Chestnut was known to have a circumference of 57 9 m 190 ft when it was measured in 1780 There are known more than 50 species of trees exceeding the diameter of 4 45 m or circumference of 14 m citation needed Largest editFurther information List of largest giant sequoias The largest trees are defined as having the highest wood volume in a single stem These trees are both tall and large in diameter and in particular hold a large diameter high up the trunk Measurement is very complex particularly if branch volume is to be included as well as the trunk volume so measurements have only been made for a small number of trees and generally only for the trunk Few attempts have ever been made to include root or leaf volume All 12 of the world s largest trees are giant sequoias Grogan s Fault the largest living Coast redwood would rank as the 13th largest living tree Tane Mahuta the largest living tree outside of California would rank within the top 100 largest living trees List of largest living trees by species ranked by trunk volume Species Trunk volume Tree name Location Country References and notes Cubic Meters Cubic Feet Giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum 1 487 52 500 General Sherman Sequoia National Park United States 80 Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens 1 084 5 38 300 Grogan s Fault Redwood National Park United States 81 Kauri Agathis australis 516 18 200 Tane Mahuta Waipoua Forest New Zealand The 516 cubic meter figure includes 255m for the main trunk and 261m for branches 82 Western red cedar Thuja plicata 449 15 900 Cheewhat Giant Pacific Rim National Park Reserve Canada 70 71 34 Eucalyptus regnans 390 14 000 Two Towers Tasmania Australia The 390m figure includes 358m for trunks and 32m for branches 83 9 Tasmanian blue gum Eucalyptus globulus 368 13 000 Rullah Longatyle Tasmania Australia 45 Rullah Longatyle was killed during Tasmanian bushfires in February 2019 84 Coast Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 349 12 300 Red Creek Fir San Juan Valley Canada 85 Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis 337 11 900 Queets Spruce Olympic National Park United States 71 58 Eucalyptus obliqua 337 11 900 Gothmog Styx Valley Australia The 337m figure includes 296m for trunks and 41m for branches 83 45 Eucalyptus delegatensis 286 10 100 Styx Valley Australia This tree was destroyed in the 2019 bushfires 45 Broadest editThe trees with the broadest crowns have the widest spread of limbs from a single trunk List of trees with the broadest crowns by species Species Diameter Tree name Location Notes and References Meters Feet Banyan Ficus benghalensis 180 591 Thimmamma Marrimanu Anantapur Kadiri Andhra Pradesh India 86 87 88 This crown is not from a single trunk It has hundreds of trunks Coolibah Eucalyptus microtheca synonym Eucalyptus coolibah 72 8 239 Monkira Monster Neuragully Waterhole southwestern Queensland Australia 89 90 Groom s measurement may represent the tree at its prime It was remeasured in 2008 and found to be more than 200 meters more than 656 feet in circumference equivalent to an average limb spread of more than 209 feet more than 64 meters The trunk is about ten feet thick ten meters girth 91 Oriental plane Platanus orientalis 64 0 210 Oriental Plane Tree at Corsham Court Wiltshire England 92 Raintree or monkeypod tree Samanea saman 63 1 207 Saman de Guere San Mateo Aragua State Venezuela Living but vetusto superannuated or decrepit 93 The widest Monkeypod Tree at present is Chamchuri on a military post near Kanchanburi Thailand which is 198 1 60 4 meters in spread while only 57 8 17 6 meters in height 94 Broadest cantilevered crown no limbs resting on the ground Silk cotton tree Ceiba pentandra 61 3 201 The Big Tree Barro Colorado Island Panama 95 European yew Taxus baccata 55 5 182 Shugborough Yew Shugborough Hall Staffordshire England 96 97 Broadest gymnosperm Sand post oak Quercus stellata margarettae 55 2 181 Gilchrist County Florida 98 Turkey oak Quercus cerris 53 9 177 Devon England 92 Moreton Bay fig Ficus macrophylla 53 6 176 Moreton Bay Fig Tree Chapala Street in Santa Barbara California 99 Moreton Bay Figs growing under virgin rainforest conditions have been reported to have crown spreads as great as 75 m 250 ft 100 Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea 53 6 176 Middlesboro Kentucky 101 Coast live oak Quercus agrifolia 53 6 176 The Pechanga Great Oak Pechanga Native American Reservation east of Temecula California 102 103 Also 29 m 95 ft tall Montezuma cypress Taxodium mucronatum 53 3 175 El Gigante Santa Maria del Tule Oaxaca Mexico 104 Broadest cantilevered Gymnosperm Blackbutt Eucalyptus pilularis 51 8 170 Benaroon John s River in Middle Brother National Park New South Wales Australia 105 Live oak Quercus virginiana 51 8 170 The E O Hunt Oak Long Beach Mississippi 106 American sycamore Platanus occidentalis 51 5 169 The Lansdowne Sycamore Lansdowne Pennsylvania 107 African Baobab Adansonia digitata 51 2 168 The Glencoe Tree Huidespruit Limpopo Province South Africa Now severely damaged 108 Batai Albizzia falcata 50 9 167 Hawai i 109 110 Green Fig Ficus virens Over fifty meters over 165 feet no individual name Boar s Pocket northern Queensland crown shades over 2 000 sq meters 111 Oldest edit nbsp Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva is the longest living tree species on Earth Main article List of oldest trees The oldest trees are determined by growth rings which can be seen if the tree is cut down or in cores taken from the bark to the center of the tree Accurate determination is only possible for trees that produce growth rings generally those in seasonal climates Trees in uniform non seasonal tropical climates grow continuously and do not have distinct growth rings It is also only possible for trees that are solid to the center Many very old trees become hollow as the dead heartwood decays For some of these species age estimates have been made on the basis of extrapolating current growth rates but the results are usually largely speculation White 1998 112 proposes a method of estimating the age of large and veteran trees in the United Kingdom through the correlation of a tree s age with its diameter and growth character The verified oldest measured ages are List of oldest non clonal trees by species Species Age years Tree name Location Notes and References Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva 4 855 Methuselah Inyo County California United States 113 Alerce Fitzroya cupressoides 3 653 Gran Abuelo Cordillera Pelada Chile 114 Giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum 3 266 Sierra Nevada California USA Dead 113 Western juniper Juniperus occidentalis 2 675 Sierra Nevada California USA Dead 113 Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum 2 649 North Carolina USA 113 115 Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata 2 466 central Colorado USA 113 116 African Baobab Adansonia digitata 2 419 Matabeleland Zimbabwe 117 Sacred fig Ficus religiosa 2 302 Anuradhapura Sri Lanka 113 Przewalski s juniper Juniperus przewalskii 2 230 Delingha Qinghai Province China 113 Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens 2 200 northern California USA Dead 113 Saharan Cypress Cupressus dupreziana 2 200 Wadi Tichouinet southern Algeria 118 Foxtail pine Pinus balfouriana 2 110 Sierra Nevada California USA 113 Other species suspected of reaching exceptional age include European Yew Taxus baccata probably over 5 000 years 119 120 Sugi Cryptomeria japonica 3 000 years or more 121 and Western Redcedar Thuja plicata The oldest known European Yew may be the Llangernyw Yew in the Churchyard of Llangernyw village in North Wales or the Fortingall Yew in Perthshire Scotland The Llangernyw Yew has been estimated as between 4000 and 5000 years in age by David Bellamy 122 who also used radiocarbon dating to estimate an age of around 4000 years for the Tisbury Yew in Wiltshire 123 while the Fortingall Yew with its former 16 to 17 meter girth is estimated at 5 000 years of age 124 125 However ageing yews is very difficult due to the loss of heartwood in very ancient trees and one or two sources believe the trees to be far younger at around 1500 3000 years Lagarostrobos franklinii known as Huon pine is native to the wet southwestern corner of Tasmania Australia A stand of trees in excess of 10 500 years old was found in 1955 in western Tasmania on Mount Read 126 Each of the trees in this stand is a genetically identical male that has reproduced vegetatively Although no single tree in this stand is of that age the stand itself as a single organism has existed that long 127 Individual trees in the clonal patch have been listed as having ages of 2000 128 129 or even to 3000 years old 130 131 The olive tree also can live for centuries The oldest verified age is 900 years 132 at Gethsemane Mount of Olives as mentioned in the Bible while several other olive trees are suspected of being 2 000 to 3 000 years old 133 It is also believed that a group of sixteen olive trees in Lebanon the Sisters Olive Trees of Noah are around 6 000 years old 134 If true it would make these trees far older than Methuselah The pond cypress Taxodium ascendens has been known to live more than 1 000 years One specimen in particular named The Senator was estimated to be more than 3 400 years old at the time of its demise in early 2012 Deepest and longest tree roots editA wild fig tree growing in Echo Caves near Ohrigstad South Africa has roots going 120 m 400 ft deep giving it the deepest roots known of any tree 135 El Drago Milenario a tree of species Dracaena draco on Tenerife Canary Islands Spain is reported to have 200 meter long 660 ft aerial roots 136 Thickest tree limbs editThis list is limited to horizontal or nearly horizontal limbs in which the governing growth factor is phototropism Vertical or near vertical limbs in which the governing growth factor is negative geotropism are called reiterations and are really divisions of the trunk which by definition must be less than the trunk as a whole and therefore less remarkable The thickest trunks have already been dealt with under stoutest clarification needed List of thickest tree limbs by species Species Diameter Tree name Location Notes and References Meters Feet Giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum 3 8 12 6 The Big Limb Tree Atwell Mill Grove Sequoia National Park California 137 Za Adansonia za 2 7 9 The Ampanihy Baobab north of Morombe Madagascar 61 Thickest Dicot limb African baobab Adansonia digitata 2 4 8 The Big Tree Messina Nature Reserve Limpopo Province South Africa 138 139 Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens 2 1 7 Kronos Atlas Grove Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park 140 Kauri Agathis australis 2 1 7 Nga Mahangahua Tutamoe State Forest North Island New Zealand 141 White oak Quercus alba 1 8 6 The Wye Oak Wye Mills Maryland Died June 6 2002 142 Kapok or Silk Cotton Tree Ceiba pentandra 1 8 6 General statement No individual cited 143 Canary Island Dragon Tree Dracaena draco 1 75 5 75 The Orotava Tree Orotava Tenerife Canary Islands Died October 1869 144 Thickest Monocot limb Moreton Bay Fig Ficus macrophylla 1 7 5 5 or more The Children s Fig Sydney Royal Botanical Gardens Sydney Australia 145 146 147 Silver Fir Abies alba 1 7 5 5 Sabin Candelabre Jura Alps of France near the Swiss border 148 149 Rain Tree Samanea saman 1 5 4 9 The Caribbean region This one near Nagarote Nicaragua 150 Measured by Dr Berthold Seemann California Live Oak Quercus agrifolia 1 5 4 9 Six kilometers four miles west of Gilroy California 151 Thickest tree bark editList of trees by thickest bark Species Native range Greatest thickness or depth Comments Giant Sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum Sierra Nevada Mountains of California The greatest thickness which has been reliably measured is 75 cm 2 1 2 ft for one in Redwood Canyon Kings Canyon National Park 152 However it is asserted that the basal bark of the General Sherman Big Tree is in places up to 1 2 m 4 ft in thickness 153 This could be determined non invasively with sonograph equipment Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens Coastal Northern and Central California and extreme southern Oregon The Mill Creek Giant near the Mill Creek bridge in Redwood National Park Crescent City California has bark 46 cm 18 in thick 154 Coast Redwood bark is often deeply fissured making it easy to measure most of the depth of the bark even on live trees Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Northwestern North America A tree felled in North Vancouver British Columbia in 1902 had bark 34 cm 13 1 2 in in thickness 155 Cork Oak Quercus suber circum Mediterranean distribution One Cork Oak at the chapel of Sao Goncalo 16 km 10 mi south of Lisbon Portugal had cork measuring 20 cm 8 in deep 156 This is the thickest bark among Dicots One Cork Oak at the Mission Basilica San Carlos de Borromeo del Rio Carmelo Carmel by the Sea California had bark in 1971 with fissures 18 cm 7 in in depth plus an unknown depth of unfissured bark beneath In 1996 the bark had grown about an additional 25 mm 1 in Monkey Puzzle Tree Araucaria araucana The Patagonian Andes of Chile and Argentina Bark up to seven inches 18 centimeters in thickness 157 158 Bangalay Eucalyptus botryoides Victoria and New South Wales Australia In 1973 one Bangalay in Alameda Park Santa Barbara California had bark fissured to a depth of 18 cm 7 in with again an unknown depth of unfissured bark below that Parana Pine Araucaria angustifolia Mostly in southernmost Brazil Bark can be over 15 cm 6 in thick 159 Renala Adansonia grandidieri Madagascar Bark is up to 15 cm 6 in thick 160 This is the species with the colossal columnar trunks Valley Oak Quercus lobata Central Valley of California southward to the San Gabriel Valley This bark also up to 15 cm 6 in in thickness 161 Plains Cottonwood Populus deltoides monilifera North American Plains Almost six inches 15 centimeters thick 162 Nolina longifolia Mexico One plant at the Huntington Library Galleries and Botanical Gardens San Marino California in 1996 had bark with fissures up to 4 3 4 in 120 mm deep This is the thickest bark among Monocots Trees bearing the largest flowers editList of trees by largest flowers Species Native range Largest of kind Comments Guyana Chestnut or Provision Tree Pachira aquatica Central America northern South America and the West Indies Up to 66 cm 26 in if the 33 cm 13 in pale yellow petals are held outright 163 The petals can be up to two inches five centimeters wide 164 The stamens are united into a column in the lower third divided into five sub groups in the middle third and into as many as 250 individual stamens in the upper third According to Perry and Greenwood P aquatica petals can reach 14 inches 35 centimeters in length 165 166 Cacao Sauvage Pachira insigna Along brackish estuaries of South America and the Lesser Antilles Its 33 36 cm 13 14 in pink petals are 66 71 cm 26 28 in wide if held horizontally 167 168 The stamens of P insigna arranged in the same manner as P aquatica can number as many as one thousand 169 This is a much taller tree than P aquatica up to 30 m 100 ft in height Big Leaf Magnolia or Big Bloom Magnolia macrophylla The deep southern United States especially Alabama and Mississippi but excluding Florida The largest on record was 55 cm 21 1 2 in in width 170 while another found and photographed by Adele Sayle was 51 cm 20 in wide 171 Magnolia macrophylla has the largest flowers of any temperate non tropical plant This like all Magnolias is pollinated by flower beetles Giant White Angel s Trumpet Brugmansia versicolor Northern Guayaquil River Basin of Ecuador Pendant white or cream trumpet like flowers up to 51 cm 20 in long and up to 20 cm 8 in wide at the mouth 172 173 At 5 m 16 ft height this is the smallest tree in this table The pollinator is unknown 174 but would seem to require a very long tongue or beak The horticultural variety Supernova can be up to 24 in 61 cm in length B versicolor is now believed to be extinct in the wild but fortunately is widely cultivated Magnolia dealbata The humid regions of Mexico Up to 41 cm 16 in in diameter 175 Considered by some taxonomists to be a subspecies of M macrophylla One credible source states that M dealbata can have flowers up to 50 cm 19 1 2 in in width 176 Goniothalamus grandiflorus Anonaceae Solomon Islands Each of the three red petals up to seven inches 17 centimeters in length 177 for a potential width of fourteen inches 34 cm Tree is cauliflorous flowers borne directly on trunk or major limbs Each flower produces a multiple fruit where each carpel developes as a separate berry and together forming a cluster resembling a cluster of large grapes Mandacaru Cereus jamacaru The Caatinga region of N E ern Brazil Also naturalized to South Africa Up to 30 cm 12 in long by up to 20 cm 8 in wide 178 179 One of the largest tree cacti at up to 18 m 59 ft in height 10 m 33 ft crown spread and up to 102 cm 40 in trunk thickness 178 It can bear spines up to 19 cm 7 1 2 in long citation needed By reason of its succulence these may be the most massive heaviest of all tree flowers citation needed The Paloeloe Phenakospermum guianense Strelitziaceae Amazon Rainforest Each cicinnus contains up to 25 individual flowers each up to eleven inches 28 centimeters in length 180 Calabash Nutmeg Monodora myristica Anonaceae Native to tropical Africa Ornate pendant multicolor flower up to 25 cm 10 in in width 181 The name comes from the 15 cm 6 in calabash like fruit filled with fragrant seeds Ceiba schottii Bombacaceae Southern Mexico and Guatemala Up to 10 5 in 26 cm wide by 7 5 in 19 cm long 182 Gigasiphon humboldtianum Caesalpinaceae Madagascar with very similar G macrosiphon in coastal Kenya and Tanzania Up to ten inches 25 centimeters in length the hypantheum or floral tube surrounding the pistel stipe or gynophore both being the longest known for any plant 183 The five petals upper central one yellow the side ones white are each five inches 13 centimeters long and 2 5 inches 6 5 centimeters wide 184 for a total width of ten inches 25 centimeters Many botanists consider G humboldtianum and G macrosiphon to be conspecific The Za or Boji Adansonia za Bombacaceae Widespread in Madagascar Five mostly yellow petals each up to 9 5 inches 24 centimeters long by 0 6 inch 1 5 cm wide and reflexed 185 Flower 9 to 10 inches 23 to 25 cm wide with long stamens bringing the length to nine inches 23 centimeters Largest of the Baobab flowers Hibiscus waimeae Malvaceae Endemic to the island of Kawai in Hawai i Each of the five white petals is up to 5 5 inches thirteen cm in length for a potential diameter of eleven inches 26 centimeters The central staminal column is up to six inches fifteen cm in length 186 Spotted Randia Rothmannia longiflora Rubiaceae Native to tropical Africa Has trumpet shaped Purple and white flowers up to ten inches 25 cm long 187 by about five inches 12 cm across the mouth 188 The Elephant Apple Dillenia indica Dilleniaceae Native to India Burma Southeast Asia and the East Indies The 20 cm 8 in wide flower consists of five large 50 65 mm 2 2 1 2 in roundish fleshy white petals two concentric circles of several hundred stamens surrounding a circle of up to twenty stigmas 189 190 Forms a fruit up to 18 cm 7 in in diameter 191 A second species D megalantha of the Philippines also produces 8 inch 20 centimeter wide flowers 192 Largest leaves by type editType Species Native range Length Width Comments Largest overall leaf Largest Monocot leaf Largest pinnate leaf Raphia regalis West Africa from Nigeria to Angola This individual in Congo Brazzaville 26 m 85 ft overall The lamina or blade is 16 m 54 ft and the petiole or stalk is 9 4 m 31 ft 193 About 3 m 10 ft wide Trunk often very short even subterranean Largest bipinnate leaf Caryota kiriwongensis Peninsular Thailand 11 0 m 36 ft 1 in overall Lamina length 8 0 m 26 ft 3 in Petiole is only 51 cm 20 in joined to crownshaft sheath 2 5 m 8 ft 2 in long 194 7 0 m 23 ft in width This species was unknown to science prior to 1980 Has up to 2 500 fan shaped leaflets Up to 35 m 120 ft in height Largest costapalmate leaf Petiole extends into the palmately veined lamina as a rachis Coco de Mer or Double Coconut Lodoicea maldivica Seychelles Islands about 1 300 km 800 mi northeast of Madagascar Up to 15 m 50 ft overall Acaulescent juveniles have the longest leaves with a lamina up to 6 m 20 ft joined to a petiole 9 m 30 ft with no overlap 195 196 Lamina up to 4 6 m 15 ft wide One reliable source says the petiole can be 10 m 33 ft long for a total length of 16 m 52 ft 197 Largest true palmate leaf rachis very small or nonexistent and all the veins radiate from a single point Dondah Corypha macropoda Endemic to Termoklee Island near South Andaman in the Andaman Islands south of Burma Approximately 11 m 35 ft Lamina 6 m 20 ft long partly overlaps the 7 5 m 25 ft petiole 198 Lamina up to 6 m 20 ft wide Usually considered to be a subspecies of C elata Termoklee does not seem to have been revisited by naturalists any time recently Largest simple undivided tree leaf Monkey Cap Palm Manicaria saccifera Neotropical flood forests Up to 10 4 m 34 ft all told Lamina is 9 1 m 30 ft plus a 1 2 m 4 ft petiole 199 Maximum width 2 3 m 7 ft 8 in 200 Obovate with pinnate veination Toothed margin 15 cm 6 in deep Largest treefern leaf Largest non palm Mule s Foot Fern or Paku Gajah Angiopteris evecta Southern Asia East Indies Melanesia Polynesia Queensland and Madagascar 9 m 30 ft overall 7 m 23 ft lamina plus 2 m 6 1 2 ft petiole which can be up to 10 cm 4 in thick 201 202 2 m 6 1 2 ft width Bipinnate Trunk can be up to 3 m 10 ft in height Largest quadripinnate leaf Leaflets are the fourth order of branching Black Treefern or Mamaku Cyathea medullaris New Zealand Fiji and Polynesia 7 m 23 ft overall 6 m 20 ft lamina with a 1 m 40 in petiole 203 2 m 6 1 2 ft width Largest Gymnosperm leaf Kwango Giant Cycad or Malele Encephalartos laurentianus Endemic to the Kwango River Basin Bandundu Province Congo Kinshasa and edging into adjacent Angola Overall length 7 m 23 ft and massively constructed Lamina 6 7 m 22 ft plus a 30 cm 1 ft petiole which is up to 8 cm 3 in thick 204 205 206 89 cm 35 in 204 This is the largest of all known cycads multistemmed specimens sometimes exceeding 45 tonnes 50 short tons in total weight Largest indeterminate leaf never stops growing Tumbo Welwitschia mirabilis Coastal Namibia and southwestern Angola Living portion up to 3 7 m 12 ft 2 in long usually with up to around one meter of dead leaf still attached No petiole New leaf tissue emerges from a lip like groove around the top of the trunk 207 208 Other much narrower green segments have been up to 7 3 m 24 ft in length 209 Segments have been measured up to 179 cm 5 ft 10 in in width In the course of a 2000 year life its cumulative growth can be over 180 m 600 ft It is considered a tree because the trunk although always under 3 meters 10 ft in height is very thick and woody Largest Dicot tree leaf Midnight Horror Oroxylum indicum India and Sri Lanka Up to 4 4 m 14 ft 5 in total length Lamina up to 240 cm 7 ft 10 in 210 plus a petiole up to 2 m 6 1 2 ft in length 211 Lamina up to 2 1 m 7 ft in width 212 Quadripinnate Makes huge sword like seed pods up to 1 5 m 5 ft long by 10 cm 4 in wide Largest linear leaf Ribbon like leaves with parallel veins running lengthwise No petiole Pandanus laxespicatus Endemic to swamps near Perinet Analamazaotra Madagascar Up to 10 m 33 ft on juvenile plants 213 Up to 36 cm 14 in in width This species was unknown to science prior to 1951 214 Adult plants have smaller leaves and the side branches have very much smaller leaves 215 Largest entire undivided unlobed untoothed tree leaf Traveler s Tree Ravenala madagascarensis subspecies bemavo Hills of eastern Madagascar Total length up to 11 m 36 ft Petiole up to 6 m 20 ft bearing a lamina up to 5 m 16 ft long 216 Up to 1 5 m 5 ft in width This is the tallest up to 100 feet 30 meters of the five subspecies and the only single trunked up to two feet 61 centimeters in diameter form Greatest surface area of any dicot leaf Largest entire dicot leaf Maior Folha Coccoloba gigantifolia Amazon rainforest Thus far only in Brazil and mostly in Rondonia Up to 2 50 m 8 ft 2 in plus a petiole of about 10 cm 4 in 217 218 The tree is a single rosette of leaves atop a 13 m 43 ft rarely branching trunk 219 citation needed Up to 1 44 m 4 ft 8 1 2 in in width 218 First observed by botanists in 1982 220 The name Coccoloba inpae was proposed at first but that is now a junior synonym Largest palmately divided leaf all leaflets attached at one point to the petiole tip Longispadix sp nov Endemic to Sandaun Province Papua New Guinea 24 or more wedge shaped leaflets forming a circle about 2 5 m 8 ft in diameter on a petiole of comparable length 221 This Longispadix species discovered in 2009 Cola megalophylla Sterculiaceae of the West African rainforest has seven palmate leaflets which form a circle about 1 2 m 4 ft in diameter with its largest central leaflet measuring up to 86 cm 34 in in length and 51 cm 20 in in width 222 making it the largest of all Dicot leaflets and exceeded only by the leaflets of two palm species Sabinaria magnifica and Masoala kona Largest peltate leaf Petiole is attached at or near the center of the lamina as in the Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus and the Sacred Lotus Nelumbo nucifera Chia Kubit Macaranga gigantea Malay Peninsula Sumatra Borneo Java and Celebes Lamina up to 1 5 m 5 ft long with a petiole of similar length attached to the upper central region 223 Also up to 1 5 m 5 ft in width Also largest tricuspidate leaf like the undivided leaves of Boston Ivy Largest naturally inverse leaf Chisocheton lasiocarpus Meliaceae Rainforests of western New Guinea Each of the few mesocaul branches is topped by a terminal rosette of leaves up to five feet 1 5 meters in length with up to eleven pairs leaflets each up to 18 inches 45 centimeters long by nine inches 23 centimeters in width 224 The lower limbs are of a weeping habit so that the rosettes face towards the earth 225 Up to 36 inches 91 centimeters in width Largest succulent tree leaf Berg Aalwyn Aloe marlothii South Africa 1 8 m 6 ft long 226 30 cm 12 in wide About 4 cm 1 1 2 in thick The tree can be up to 6 m 20 ft in height 227 See also editChampion Trees Dendrology Dendrometry Largest organisms Lists of trees List of oldest trees List of old growth forests List of individual trees List of superlative trees in Sweden List of Champion Trees South Africa List of tree genera List of trees and shrubs by taxonomic family List of world records held by plants Tree allometry Tree crown measurement Tree girth measurement Tree height measurement Tree measurement Tree volume measurementReferences edit Native Tree Society Native Tree Society Archived from the original on 2018 08 17 Retrieved 2012 08 01 a b c Ghose Tia May 23 2022 What is the world s tallest tree LiveScience Retrieved 2023 06 24 Martin Glen September 29 2006 World s tallest tree a redwood confirmed SFGate Retrieved 2009 08 09 Sequoia Gymnosperm Database Tibet s 102 3 meter tall tree breaks Asian record People s Daily How tall is the tallest tree in Asia the latest discovery of the joint investigation team of Professor Guo Qinghua The Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS of Peking University Lydia Smith June 21 2023 World s deepest canyon is home to Asia s tallest tree and Chinese scientists only just found it LiveScience Retrieved 2023 06 24 Claim in article that it is second tallest tree in the world is consistent with sloppy reading of Wikipedia s List of tallest trees as of June 21 2023 but is apparently false an earlier LiveScience article in 2022 reports on heights of three taller coastal redwood trees in the United States Hyperion Helios and Icarus third tallest at 113 1 metres 371 ft measured in 2006 McIntosh Derek Mountain Ash Centurion tallest tree in Australia National Register of Big Trees Retrieved 2017 03 19 a b Tall trees Tasmania s Giant Trees The Arve and Huon Valleys Tasmania s Giant Trees 100 metres and growing Australia s 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the churchyard in Fortingall Scotland United Kingdom Lloyd Graham September 10 2011 The oldest tree The Australian Retrieved 2018 03 22 Could a tree be 10 000 years old Gumnuts the ASGAP Blog Archived from the original on 2007 04 11 Retrieved 2012 09 19 Plants Huon pine one of the oldest plants on earth Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania 2003 Brack Cris Brookhouse Matthew April 18 2017 Where the old things are Australia s most ancient trees The Conversation Retrieved 2023 01 02 the oldest in Australia could be a Huon pine Lagarostrobos franklinii in Tasmania the oldest stem of which is up to 2 000 years old Huon Pine Lagarostrobos franklinni Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2011 Retrieved 2018 03 22 Individuals have been known to reach an age of 3 000 years Lagarostrobos franklinii Huon pine description www conifers org Retrieved 2023 01 02 Living trees sampled by increment borer have yielded ring counted ages of up to 2500 years and since these were not 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Welwitschia Paradox of a Parched Paradise Cape Town C Struik p 27 The Midnight Horror Tree Daily Express East Malayasia April 22 2012 Retrieved 2018 08 14 Huxley 1992 Vol 3 p 410 Corner E J H 1952 Wayside Trees of Malaya Volume 1 Singapore Gov t Printing Office p 166 Stone Benjamin C 1970 Observations on the genus Pandanus in Madagascar Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 63 2 97 131 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 1970 tb02544 x Martelli U Pichi Sermolli R E G 1951 Les Pandanacees Recoltes par Henri Perrier de la Bathie a Madagascar Memoires de l Institut Scientifique de Madagascar Serie B 3 1 Stone Benjamin C May June 1970 Morphological Studies in Pandanus II The Coniferoid Habit Sect Acanthostyla Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 97 3 144 149 figures 1 3 amp 4 doi 10 2307 2483350 JSTOR 2483350 Schmelzer G H 2002 Oyen L P A Lemmens R H M J eds Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn Internet Record from Protabase Wageningen Netherlands PROTA Plant Resources of Tropical Africa Ressources vegetales de l Afrique tropicale Archived from the original on 2011 11 06 Current link Arvore da maior folha do mundo da frutos e podera ser identificada in Portuguese September 18 2017 Retrieved 2018 08 21 dead link a b A maior folha do mundo The largest leaf in the world Q planta e Essa What is this plant in Portuguese March 2015 Retrieved 2018 08 21 Arvore da Maior Folha do Mundo Da Frutos e Podera Ser Identificada September 18 2017 Retrieved 2018 08 21 A maior folha do mundo a Coccoloba em breve sera identificada ate a especie September 18 2017 Retrieved 2018 08 28 Banka Roy March 8 2009 Malum Nalu Retrieved 2011 05 25 Keay R W J et al 1960 Nigerian Trees Vol 1 Lagos Federal Gov t Printer p 221 Whitmore Timothy C 1975 Tropical Rainforests of the Far East Oxford Clarendon Press p 70 photo with caption Mabberley D J 1995 Meliaceae Flora Malesiana 12 1 152 154 Mabberley D J 1979 Species of Chisocheton Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History Botany 6 4 307 figure 1 Reynolds G W 1935 Aloe marlothii Some Forms and Hybrids Journal of the Botanical Society of South Africa 21 1 7 Succulents co za Retrieved 2018 09 11 External links editNotable and Ancient Trees in Britain and Ireland Monumental trees M D Vaden arborist who measures tree sizes Calaveras Big Trees Association CBTA Tasmania s giant trees National Register of Big Trees Australia s Champion Trees Old Trees in The Netherlands and Western Europe Photo Tours Science Atop the World s Largest Trees Article about The Senator The New Zealand Tree Register A project of the New Zealand Notable Trees Trust NZNTT nbsp This article includes a biology related list of lists Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of superlative trees amp oldid 1217305619, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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