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Largest organisms

April 21, 2023

The largest organisms now found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism's size, such as: mass, volume, area, length, height, or even genome size. Some organisms group together to form a superorganism (such as ants or bees), but such are not classed as single large organisms. The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest structure composed of living entities, stretching 2,000 km (1,200 mi), but contains many organisms of many types of species.

Although it appears to be multiple trees, Pando is a clonal colony of an individual quaking aspen with an interconnected root system. It is widely held to be the world's most massive single organism.

This article lists the largest species for various types of organisms and mostly considers extant species. The organism sizes listed are frequently considered "outsized" and are not in the normal size range for the respective group.

If considered singular entities, the largest organisms are clonal colonies which can spread over large areas. Pando, a clonal colony of the quaking aspen tree, is widely considered to be the largest such organism by mass.[1] Even if such colonies are excluded, trees retain their dominance of this listing, with the giant sequoia being the most massive tree.[2] In 2006 a huge clonal colony of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica was discovered south of the island of Ibiza. At 8 kilometres (5 mi) across, and estimated at around 100,000 years old,[3] it may be one of the largest and oldest clonal colonies on Earth.[4][5][6]

Among animals, the largest species are all marine mammals, specifically whales. The blue whale is believed to be the largest animal to have ever lived. The living land animal classification is also dominated by mammals, with the African bush elephant being the largest of these.

Plants

Main article: List of largest plants

The largest single-stem tree by wood volume and mass is the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), native to Sierra Nevada and California; it typically grows to a height of 70–85 m (230–280 ft) and 5–7 m (16–23 ft) in diameter.

The largest organism in the world, according to mass, is the aspen tree whose colonies of clones can grow up to 8 kilometres (5 mi) long. The largest such colony is Pando, in the Fishlake National Forest in Utah.

A form of flowering plant that far exceeds Pando as the largest organism on Earth in area and probably also mass, is the giant marine plant, Posidonia australis, living in Shark Bay, Australia. Its length is about 180 km (112 mi) and it covers an area of 200 km2 (77 sq mi).[7][8] It is among the oldest known clonal plants too.

Another giant marine plant of the genus Posidonia, Posidonia oceanica discovered in the Mediterranean near the Balearic Islands, Spain may be the oldest living organism in the world, with an estimated age of 100,000 years.[9]

The largest individual flower in the world is Rafflesia arnoldii, while the flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world is Amorphophallus titanum. Both are native to Sumatra island of Indonesia.

Green algae

Green algae are photosynthetic unicellular and multicellular protists that are related to land plants. The thallus of the unicellular mermaid's wineglass, Acetabularia, can grow to several inches (perhaps 0.1 to 0.2 m) in length. The fronds of the similarly unicellular, and invasive Caulerpa taxifolia can grow up to a foot (0.3 m) long.[citation needed]

Animals

This section is an excerpt from Largest and heaviest animals.[edit]

The largest animal known ever to have lived is confirmed to be the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus). The maximum recorded weight was 190 tonnes for a specimen measuring 27.6 metres (91 ft), whereas longer ones, up to 33.6 metres (110 ft), have been recorded but not weighed.[10][11][12] It is estimated however that this individual could have a mass of 250 tonnes.[13][14] The title of the longest non-colonial animal is probably held by the lion's mane jellyfish (36.6m / 120 ft).[15]

The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana) is the largest living land animal. A native of various open habitats in sub-Saharan Africa, males weigh about 6.0 tonnes (13,200 lb) on average.[16] The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1974. It was a male measuring 10.67 metres (35.0 ft) from trunk to tail and 4.17 metres (13.7 ft) lying on its side in a projected line from the highest point of the shoulder to the base of the forefoot, indicating a standing shoulder height of 3.96 metres (13.0 ft). This male had a computed weight of 12.25 tonnes.[10]

Fungi

Main article: Largest fungal fruit bodies

The largest living fungus may be a honey fungus[17] of the species Armillaria ostoyae.[18] A mushroom of this type in the Malheur National Forest in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, U.S. was found to be the largest fungal colony in the world, spanning 8.9 km2 (2,200 acres) of area.[19][20] This organism is estimated to be 2,400 years old. The fungus was written about in the April 2003 issue of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research. While an accurate estimate has not been made, the total weight of the colony may be as much as 605 tons[vague]. If this colony is considered a single organism, then it is the largest known organism in the world by area, and rivals the aspen grove "Pando" as the known organism with the highest living biomass. It is not known, however, whether it is a single organism with all parts of the mycelium connected.[20]

A spatial genetic analysis estimated that a specimen of Armillaria ostoyae growing over 91 acres (37 ha) in northern Michigan, United States weighs 440 tons (4 x 105 kg).[21][22] Approximations of the land area of the Oregon "humongous fungus" are 3.5 square miles (9.1 km2) (2,240 acres (910 ha), possibly weighing as much as 7,500 tons as the world's most massive living organism.[23]

In Armillaria ostoyae, each individual mushroom (the fruiting body, similar to a flower on a plant) has only a 5 cm (2.0 in) stipe, and a pileus up to 12.5 cm (4.9 in) across. There are many other fungi which produce a larger individual size mushroom. The largest known fruiting body of a fungus is a specimen of Phellinus ellipsoideus (formerly Fomitiporia ellipsoidea) found on Hainan Island.[24] The fruiting body masses up to 500 kg (1,100 lb).[25][26]

Until P. ellipsoideus replaced it, the largest individual fruit body came from Rigidoporus ulmarius. R. ulmarius can grow up to 284 kg (626 lb), 1.66 m (5.4 ft) tall, 1.46 m (4.8 ft) across, and has a circumference of up to 4.9 m (16 ft).

Lichen

Umbilicaria mammulata is among the largest lichens in the world. The thallus of U. mammulata is usually 4 to 15 cm (1.6 to 5.9 in) in diameter, but specimens have been known to reach 63-centimetre (2.07 ft) in the Smoky Mountains of Tennessee.[27]

The longest lichen is Usnea longissima, which may grow to exceed 20 feet in length.[28]

Protists

 
Macrocystis pyrifera, the largest species of giant kelp

(Note: the group Protista is not used in current taxonomy.)

Amoebozoans (Amoebozoa)

Among the organisms that are not multicellular, the largest are the slime molds, such as Physarum polycephalum, some of which can reach a diameter over 30 cm (12 in).[29] These organisms are unicellular, but they are multinucleate.

Euglenozoans (Euglenozoa)

Some euglenophytes, such as certain species of Euglena, reach lengths of 400 μm.[30]

Rhizarians (Rhizaria)

The largest species traditionally considered protozoa are giant amoeboids like foraminiferans. One such species, the xenophyophore Syringammina fragilissima, can attain a size of 20 cm (7.9 in).[31]

Alveolates (Alveolata)

The largest ciliates, such as Spirostomum, can attain a length over 4 mm (0.16 in).[32]

Stramenopiles (Stramenopila)

The largest stramenopiles are giant kelp from the northwestern Pacific. The floating stem of Macrocystis pyrifera can grow to a height of over 45 m (148 ft).[33][34]
Macrocystis also qualifies as the largest brown alga, the largest chromist, and the largest protist generally.

Bacteria

The largest known species of bacterium is named Thiomargarita magnifica, which grows to 1 cm (0.39 in) in length,[35] making it visible to the naked eye and also about five thousand times the size of more typical bacteria.[36] BBC News described it as possessing the "size and shape of a human eyelash."[37] Science published a new paper on the bacterium on June 23, 2022.[38] According to a study coauthored by Jean-Marie Volland, a marine biologist and scientist at California's Laboratory for Research in Complex Systems, and an affiliate at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, T. magnifica can grow up to 2 centimeters long.[39]

  • Cyanobacteria
One of the largest "blue green algae" is Lyngbya, whose filamentous cells can be 50 μm wide.[40]

Viruses

 
Pithovirus sibericum – the largest virus

The largest virus on record is the Pithovirus sibericum with the length of 1.5 micrometres, comparable to the typical size of a bacterium and large enough to be seen in light microscopes. It was discovered in March 2014 in an ice core sample collected from a permafrost in Siberia. Prior to this discovery, the largest virus was the peculiar virus genus Pandoravirus, which have a size of approximately 1 micrometer and whose genome contains 1,900,000 to 2,500,000 base pairs of DNA.[41]

Both these viruses infect amoebas specifically.

See also

References

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  2. ^ "The Giant Sequoia National Monument". Sequoia National Forest. United States Department of Agriculture - Forest service. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  3. ^ "Portuguese scientists discover world's oldest living organism". www.theportugalnews.com.
  4. ^ . Ibiza Spotlight. 28 May 2006. Archived from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  5. ^ Pearlman, Jonathan (7 February 2012). . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  6. ^ Arnaud-Haond, Sophie; Duarte, Carlos M.; Diaz-Almela, Elena; Marbà, Núria; Sintes, Tomas; Serrão, Ester A.; Bruun, Hans Henrik (2012). "Implications of Extreme Life Span in Clonal Organisms: Millenary Clones in Meadows of the Threatened Seagrass Posidonia oceanica". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e30454. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...730454A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030454. PMC 3270012. PMID 22312426.
  7. ^ "Scientists discover 'biggest plant on Earth' off Western Australian coast". TheGuardian.com. 31 May 2022.
  8. ^ Edgeloe, Jane M.; Severn-Ellis, Anita A.; Bayer, Philipp E.; Mehravi, Shaghayegh; Breed, Martin F.; Krauss, Siegfried L.; Batley, Jacqueline; Kendrick, Gary A.; Sinclair, Elizabeth A. (2022-06-08). "Extensive polyploid clonality was a successful strategy for seagrass to expand into a newly submerged environment". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 289 (1976): 20220538. doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0538. PMC 9156900. PMID 35642363. S2CID 249204370.
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  10. ^ a b Wood, Gerald The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats (1983) ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9
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  13. ^ "How Large Are Blue Whales Really? Size Comparison". Archived from the original on 2021-11-11. Retrieved 18 October 2019 – via www.youtube.com.
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  15. ^ McClain, Craig R.; Balk, Meghan A.; Benfield, Mark C.; Branch, Trevor A.; Chen, Catherine; Cosgrove, James; Dove, Alistair DM; Gaskins, Leo C.; Helm, Rebecca R. (2015-01-13). "Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna". PeerJ. 3: E715. doi:10.7717/peerj.715. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4304853. PMID 25649000.
  16. ^ Emanuelson, Karen (2006). "Neonatal Care and Hand Rearing". Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants. pp. 223–241. doi:10.1002/9780470344484.ch16. ISBN 978-0-470-34448-4.
  17. ^ "Armillaria gallica, the humongous fungus humungus. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for April 2002". botit.botany.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  18. ^ "BBC News | SCI/TECH | Fantastic fungus find". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  19. ^ "Armillaria gallica, the humongous fungus humungus. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for April 2002". botit.botany.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  20. ^ a b "Environment & Nature News - Humungous fungus: world's largest organism? - 10/04/2003". www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  21. ^ Anderson, A.; Sand, C.; Petchey, F.; Worthy, T. H. (2010). "Faunal extinction and human habitation in New Caledonia: Initial results and implications of new research at the Pindai Caves". Journal of Pacific Archaeology. 1 (1): 89–109. hdl:10289/5404.
  22. ^ Jason Daley (15 October 2018). "This humongous fungus is as massive as three blue whales: A new estimate suggests this mushroom is 2,500 years old and weighs 440 tons". Smithsonian.com. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  23. ^ Vince Patton (12 February 2015). "Oregon Humongous Fungus Sets Record As Largest Single Living Organism On Earth (7 minute documentary video)". Oregon Field Guide. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  24. ^ Walker, Matt. (2011-08-01) Giant fungus discovered in China. Bbc.co.uk
  25. ^ Dai, Y. C.; Cui, B. K. (2011). "Fomitiporia ellipsoidea has the largest fruiting body among the fungi". Fungal Biology. 115 (9): 813–814. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.06.008. PMID 21872178.
  26. ^ Cui, Bao-Kai; Decock, Cony (2013). "Phellinus castanopsidis sp. nov (Hymenochaetaceae) from southern China, with preliminary phylogeny based on rDNA sequences". Mycological Progress. 12 (2): 341–351. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0839-5. S2CID 17570036.
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  37. ^ "Record bacterium discovered as long as human eyelash". BBC News. 2022-06-23. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
  38. ^ Volland, Jean-Marie; Gonzalez-Rizzo, Silvina; Gros, Olivier; Tyml, Tomáš; Ivanova, Natalia; Schulz, Frederik; Goudeau, Danielle; Elisabeth, Nathalie H.; Nath, Nandita; Udwary, Daniel; Malmstrom, Rex R. (2022-06-24). "A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles". Science. 376 (6600): 1453–1458. doi:10.1126/science.abb3634. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 35737788. S2CID 249990020.
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External links

  • 10 of the largest living things on the planet Melissa Breyer. TreeHugger April 28, 2015

April 21, 2023
largest, organisms, largest, organisms, found, earth, determined, according, various, aspects, organism, size, such, mass, volume, area, length, height, even, genome, size, some, organisms, group, together, form, superorganism, such, ants, bees, such, classed,. The largest organisms now found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism s size such as mass volume area length height or even genome size Some organisms group together to form a superorganism such as ants or bees but such are not classed as single large organisms The Great Barrier Reef is the world s largest structure composed of living entities stretching 2 000 km 1 200 mi but contains many organisms of many types of species Although it appears to be multiple trees Pando is a clonal colony of an individual quaking aspen with an interconnected root system It is widely held to be the world s most massive single organism This article lists the largest species for various types of organisms and mostly considers extant species The organism sizes listed are frequently considered outsized and are not in the normal size range for the respective group If considered singular entities the largest organisms are clonal colonies which can spread over large areas Pando a clonal colony of the quaking aspen tree is widely considered to be the largest such organism by mass 1 Even if such colonies are excluded trees retain their dominance of this listing with the giant sequoia being the most massive tree 2 In 2006 a huge clonal colony of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica was discovered south of the island of Ibiza At 8 kilometres 5 mi across and estimated at around 100 000 years old 3 it may be one of the largest and oldest clonal colonies on Earth 4 5 6 Among animals the largest species are all marine mammals specifically whales The blue whale is believed to be the largest animal to have ever lived The living land animal classification is also dominated by mammals with the African bush elephant being the largest of these Contents 1 Plants 1 1 Green algae 2 Animals 3 Fungi 3 1 Lichen 4 Protists 4 1 Amoebozoans Amoebozoa 4 2 Euglenozoans Euglenozoa 4 3 Rhizarians Rhizaria 4 4 Alveolates Alveolata 4 5 Stramenopiles Stramenopila 5 Bacteria 6 Viruses 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksPlants EditMain article List of largest plants The largest single stem tree by wood volume and mass is the giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum native to Sierra Nevada and California it typically grows to a height of 70 85 m 230 280 ft and 5 7 m 16 23 ft in diameter The largest organism in the world according to mass is the aspen tree whose colonies of clones can grow up to 8 kilometres 5 mi long The largest such colony is Pando in the Fishlake National Forest in Utah A form of flowering plant that far exceeds Pando as the largest organism on Earth in area and probably also mass is the giant marine plant Posidonia australis living in Shark Bay Australia Its length is about 180 km 112 mi and it covers an area of 200 km2 77 sq mi 7 8 It is among the oldest known clonal plants too Another giant marine plant of the genus Posidonia Posidonia oceanica discovered in the Mediterranean near the Balearic Islands Spain may be the oldest living organism in the world with an estimated age of 100 000 years 9 The largest individual flower in the world is Rafflesia arnoldii while the flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world is Amorphophallus titanum Both are native to Sumatra island of Indonesia Green algae Edit Green algae are photosynthetic unicellular and multicellular protists that are related to land plants The thallus of the unicellular mermaid s wineglass Acetabularia can grow to several inches perhaps 0 1 to 0 2 m in length The fronds of the similarly unicellular and invasive Caulerpa taxifolia can grow up to a foot 0 3 m long citation needed Animals EditThis section is an excerpt from Largest and heaviest animals edit The largest animal known ever to have lived is confirmed to be the blue whale Balaenoptera musculus The maximum recorded weight was 190 tonnes for a specimen measuring 27 6 metres 91 ft whereas longer ones up to 33 6 metres 110 ft have been recorded but not weighed 10 11 12 It is estimated however that this individual could have a mass of 250 tonnes 13 14 The title of the longest non colonial animal is probably held by the lion s mane jellyfish 36 6m 120 ft 15 The African bush elephant Loxodonta africana is the largest living land animal A native of various open habitats in sub Saharan Africa males weigh about 6 0 tonnes 13 200 lb on average 16 The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1974 It was a male measuring 10 67 metres 35 0 ft from trunk to tail and 4 17 metres 13 7 ft lying on its side in a projected line from the highest point of the shoulder to the base of the forefoot indicating a standing shoulder height of 3 96 metres 13 0 ft This male had a computed weight of 12 25 tonnes 10 Fungi Edit Armillaria ostoyaeMain article Largest fungal fruit bodies The largest living fungus may be a honey fungus 17 of the species Armillaria ostoyae 18 A mushroom of this type in the Malheur National Forest in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon U S was found to be the largest fungal colony in the world spanning 8 9 km2 2 200 acres of area 19 20 This organism is estimated to be 2 400 years old The fungus was written about in the April 2003 issue of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research While an accurate estimate has not been made the total weight of the colony may be as much as 605 tons vague If this colony is considered a single organism then it is the largest known organism in the world by area and rivals the aspen grove Pando as the known organism with the highest living biomass It is not known however whether it is a single organism with all parts of the mycelium connected 20 A spatial genetic analysis estimated that a specimen of Armillaria ostoyae growing over 91 acres 37 ha in northern Michigan United States weighs 440 tons 4 x 105 kg 21 22 Approximations of the land area of the Oregon humongous fungus are 3 5 square miles 9 1 km2 2 240 acres 910 ha possibly weighing as much as 7 500 tons as the world s most massive living organism 23 In Armillaria ostoyae each individual mushroom the fruiting body similar to a flower on a plant has only a 5 cm 2 0 in stipe and a pileus up to 12 5 cm 4 9 in across There are many other fungi which produce a larger individual size mushroom The largest known fruiting body of a fungus is a specimen of Phellinus ellipsoideus formerly Fomitiporia ellipsoidea found on Hainan Island 24 The fruiting body masses up to 500 kg 1 100 lb 25 26 Until P ellipsoideus replaced it the largest individual fruit body came from Rigidoporus ulmarius R ulmarius can grow up to 284 kg 626 lb 1 66 m 5 4 ft tall 1 46 m 4 8 ft across and has a circumference of up to 4 9 m 16 ft Lichen Edit Umbilicaria mammulata is among the largest lichens in the world The thallus of U mammulata is usually 4 to 15 cm 1 6 to 5 9 in in diameter but specimens have been known to reach 63 centimetre 2 07 ft in the Smoky Mountains of Tennessee 27 The longest lichen is Usnea longissima which may grow to exceed 20 feet in length 28 Protists Edit Macrocystis pyrifera the largest species of giant kelp Note the group Protista is not used in current taxonomy Amoebozoans Amoebozoa Edit Among the organisms that are not multicellular the largest are the slime molds such as Physarum polycephalum some of which can reach a diameter over 30 cm 12 in 29 These organisms are unicellular but they are multinucleate Euglenozoans Euglenozoa Edit Some euglenophytes such as certain species of Euglena reach lengths of 400 mm 30 Rhizarians Rhizaria Edit The largest species traditionally considered protozoa are giant amoeboids like foraminiferans One such species the xenophyophore Syringammina fragilissima can attain a size of 20 cm 7 9 in 31 Alveolates Alveolata Edit The largest ciliates such as Spirostomum can attain a length over 4 mm 0 16 in 32 Stramenopiles Stramenopila Edit The largest stramenopiles are giant kelp from the northwestern Pacific The floating stem of Macrocystis pyrifera can grow to a height of over 45 m 148 ft 33 34 Macrocystis also qualifies as the largest brown alga the largest chromist and the largest protist generally Bacteria EditThis article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information June 2022 The largest known species of bacterium is named Thiomargarita magnifica which grows to 1 cm 0 39 in in length 35 making it visible to the naked eye and also about five thousand times the size of more typical bacteria 36 BBC News described it as possessing the size and shape of a human eyelash 37 Science published a new paper on the bacterium on June 23 2022 38 According to a study coauthored by Jean Marie Volland a marine biologist and scientist at California s Laboratory for Research in Complex Systems and an affiliate at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute T magnifica can grow up to 2 centimeters long 39 CyanobacteriaOne of the largest blue green algae is Lyngbya whose filamentous cells can be 50 mm wide 40 Viruses Edit Pithovirus sibericum the largest virus The largest virus on record is the Pithovirus sibericum with the length of 1 5 micrometres comparable to the typical size of a bacterium and large enough to be seen in light microscopes It was discovered in March 2014 in an ice core sample collected from a permafrost in Siberia Prior to this discovery the largest virus was the peculiar virus genus Pandoravirus which have a size of approximately 1 micrometer and whose genome contains 1 900 000 to 2 500 000 base pairs of DNA 41 Both these viruses infect amoebas specifically See also EditCharismatic megafauna Deep sea gigantism Genome size Island gigantism Largest body part Largest prehistoric animals List of longest living organisms List of heaviest land mammals List of world records held by plants List of largest inflorescences Lists of organisms by population List of longest vines Megafauna Smallest organisms SuperorganismReferences Edit Mihai Andrei 9 February 2015 The Heaviest Living Organism in the World ZME Science Retrieved 10 February 2016 The Giant Sequoia National Monument Sequoia National Forest United States Department of Agriculture Forest service Retrieved 10 February 2016 Portuguese scientists discover world s oldest living organism www theportugalnews com Ibiza s Monster Marine Plant Ibiza Spotlight 28 May 2006 Archived from the original on 27 August 2006 Retrieved 2007 05 09 Pearlman Jonathan 7 February 2012 Oldest living thing on earth discovered The Telegraph Archived from the original on 7 February 2012 Retrieved 11 February 2012 Arnaud Haond Sophie Duarte Carlos M Diaz Almela Elena Marba Nuria Sintes Tomas Serrao Ester A Bruun Hans Henrik 2012 Implications of Extreme Life Span in Clonal Organisms Millenary Clones in Meadows of the Threatened Seagrass Posidonia oceanica PLOS ONE 7 2 e30454 Bibcode 2012PLoSO 730454A doi 10 1371 journal pone 0030454 PMC 3270012 PMID 22312426 Scientists discover biggest plant on Earth off Western Australian coast TheGuardian com 31 May 2022 Edgeloe Jane M Severn Ellis Anita A Bayer Philipp E Mehravi Shaghayegh Breed Martin F Krauss Siegfried L Batley Jacqueline Kendrick Gary A Sinclair Elizabeth A 2022 06 08 Extensive polyploid clonality was a successful strategy for seagrass to expand into a newly submerged environment Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 289 1976 20220538 doi 10 1098 rspb 2022 0538 PMC 9156900 PMID 35642363 S2CID 249204370 Ibiza s Monster Marine Plant Archived 2007 12 26 at the Wayback Machine Ibiza Spotlight 2006 05 28 a b Wood Gerald The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats 1983 ISBN 978 0 85112 235 9 Davies Ella 2016 04 20 The longest animal alive may be one you never thought of BBC Earth Retrieved 2018 02 14 Largest mammal Guinness World Records How Large Are Blue Whales Really Size Comparison Archived from the original on 2021 11 11 Retrieved 18 October 2019 via www youtube com How big are blue whales And what does big mean By palaeozoologist on DeviantArt McClain Craig R Balk Meghan A Benfield Mark C Branch Trevor A Chen Catherine Cosgrove James Dove Alistair DM Gaskins Leo C Helm Rebecca R 2015 01 13 Sizing ocean giants patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna PeerJ 3 E715 doi 10 7717 peerj 715 ISSN 2167 8359 PMC 4304853 PMID 25649000 Emanuelson Karen 2006 Neonatal Care and Hand Rearing Biology Medicine and Surgery of Elephants pp 223 241 doi 10 1002 9780470344484 ch16 ISBN 978 0 470 34448 4 Armillaria gallica the humongous fungus humungus Tom Volk s Fungus of the Month for April 2002 botit botany wisc edu Retrieved 2022 12 26 BBC News SCI TECH Fantastic fungus find news bbc co uk Retrieved 2022 12 26 Armillaria gallica the humongous fungus humungus Tom Volk s Fungus of the Month for April 2002 botit botany wisc edu Retrieved 2022 12 26 a b Environment amp Nature News Humungous fungus world s largest organism 10 04 2003 www abc net au Retrieved 2022 12 26 Anderson A Sand C Petchey F Worthy T H 2010 Faunal extinction and human habitation in New Caledonia Initial results and implications of new research at the Pindai Caves Journal of Pacific Archaeology 1 1 89 109 hdl 10289 5404 Jason Daley 15 October 2018 This humongous fungus is as massive as three blue whales A new estimate suggests this mushroom is 2 500 years old and weighs 440 tons Smithsonian com Retrieved 23 September 2019 Vince Patton 12 February 2015 Oregon Humongous Fungus Sets Record As Largest Single Living Organism On Earth 7 minute documentary video Oregon Field Guide Retrieved 23 September 2019 Walker Matt 2011 08 01 Giant fungus discovered in China Bbc co uk Dai Y C Cui B K 2011 Fomitiporia ellipsoidea has the largest fruiting body among the fungi Fungal Biology 115 9 813 814 doi 10 1016 j funbio 2011 06 008 PMID 21872178 Cui Bao Kai Decock Cony 2013 Phellinus castanopsidis sp nov Hymenochaetaceae from southern China with preliminary phylogeny based on rDNA sequences Mycological Progress 12 2 341 351 doi 10 1007 s11557 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Science science org Retrieved 2022 02 24 Record bacterium discovered as long as human eyelash BBC News 2022 06 23 Retrieved 2022 06 24 Volland Jean Marie Gonzalez Rizzo Silvina Gros Olivier Tyml Tomas Ivanova Natalia Schulz Frederik Goudeau Danielle Elisabeth Nathalie H Nath Nandita Udwary Daniel Malmstrom Rex R 2022 06 24 A centimeter long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active membrane bound organelles Science 376 6600 1453 1458 doi 10 1126 science abb3634 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 35737788 S2CID 249990020 Amarachi Orie June 23 2022 World s largest bacterium discovered is the size of a human eyelash CNN Retrieved 2022 06 28 Stal Lucas J 2007 Diversity and Versatility Clues to Life in Extreme Environments In Seckbach J ed Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments Cellular Origin Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology Vol 11 Part 7 Dordrecht The Netherlands Springer pp 659 680 666 doi 10 1007 978 1 4020 6112 7 36 ISBN 978 1 4020 6111 0 Brumfiel Geoff 18 July 2013 World s Biggest Virus May Have Ancient Roots National Public Radio Retrieved 18 July 2013 External links Edit10 of the largest living things on the planet Melissa Breyer TreeHugger April 28 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Largest organisms amp oldid 1149955139, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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